第一篇:2007高考复习同位语从句用法汇总
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同位语从句用法汇总
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下五个方面:
一、同位语从句在句中的位置
1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
例如:
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。
2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
例如:
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.据说他高考(高考新闻,高考说吧)又落榜了。
二、同位语从句前名词的数
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同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。例如:
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来?
Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.答应我,你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。
Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15,2003.消息传来,中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。
三、同位语从句连接词的选用
在英语中,引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that,who,whether),连接副词(how,when,where)等。例如:
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该做这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。
注:在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接;在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如:
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We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。
There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.我们相信张卫会守信的。同位语从句:that
有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句:
We came to the decision that we must act at once.我们做出决定:我们必须立即行动。
He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提议会议延期。
There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。
以下名词常用于以上句型:
advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,treat,warning,wish,word 同位语从句:whether
whether可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.他还没有做出决定是否去那里。
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I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。同位语从句:what
what可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用what作为引导词
I have no idea what he is doing now.我不知道他现在在干什么。同位语从句:how
how可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用how作为引导词
It’s a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。同位语从句:who等
who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导同位语从句
The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。
She raised the question where we could get the fund.她提出这个问题:我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。
四、同位语从句的语气
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。例如:
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
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The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。
The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。
五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别
区别(1)
同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是用来修饰先行词,是从属的关系。
区别(2)
that在同位语从句中没有词义,不充当句子成分;而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。
区别(3)
whether,what,how可以用来引导同位语从句;而它们不能用来引导定语从句。
区别(4)
1.从词义角度看问题
who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义;它们用来引导定语从句时,不具有疑问词的含义。2.从搭配角度看问题
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who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强,如:
先行词是“人”,引导词用“who”等,而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是“question,idea,doubt等”。
六、典型例题
例1:I have no idea when he will be back.析:he will be back意义不完整,应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2:I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.析:he went home意义不完整,应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。
例3:Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)
A.while B.that C.when D.as
析:答案为B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于:
It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as
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析:答案为B.that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。
例4:She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A.it B.which C.this D.that
析:答案为B.分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a terrible noise,且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于:
I can’t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that
析:答案为D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容,且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。
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第二篇:高考英语同位语从句用法教案
高考英语同位语从句用法教案
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,也是高中英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下五个方面:
一、同位语从句在句中的位置
1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
例如:
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。
2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
例如:
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.据说他高考(高考
新闻,高考说吧)又落榜了。
二、同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。例如:
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来?
Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.答应我,你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。
Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15,2003.消息传来,中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。
三、同位语从句连接词的选用
在英语中,引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that,who,whether),连接副词(how,when,where)等。例如:
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该做这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。
注:在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接;在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如:
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。
There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.我们相信张卫会守信的。同位语从句:that
有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句:
We came to the decision that we must act at once.我们做出决定:我们必须立即行动。
He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提议会议延期。
There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。
以下名词常用于以上句型:
advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,treat,warning,wish,word 同位语从句:whether
whether可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.他还没有做出决定是否去那里。
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。同位语从句:what
what可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用what作为引导词
I have no idea what he is doing now.我不知道他现在在干什么。同位语从句:how
how可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用how作为引导词
It’s a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。同位语从句:who等
who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导同位语从句
The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。
She raised the question where we could get the fund.她提出这个问题:我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。
四、同位语从句的语气
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。例如:
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。
The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。
五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别
区别(1)
同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是用来修饰先行词,是从属的关系。
区别(2)
that在同位语从句中没有词义,不充当句子成分;而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。
区别(3)
whether,what,how可以用来引导同位语从句;而它们不能用来引导定语从句。
区别(4)
1.从词义角度看问题
who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义;它们用来引导定语从句时,不具有疑问词的含义。2.从搭配角度看问题
who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强,如:
先行词是“人”,引导词用“who”等,而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是“question,idea,doubt等”。
六、典型例题
例1:I have no idea when he will be back.析:he will be back意义不完整,应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2:I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.析:he went home意义不完整,应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。
例3:Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)
A.while B.that C.when D.as
析:答案为B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于:
It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as
析:答案为B.that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。
例4:She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A.it B.which C.this D.that
析:答案为B.分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a terrible noise,且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于:
I can’t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that
析:答案为D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容,且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。
第三篇:同位语从句用法小结
同位语从句用法小结
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下五个方面:
一、常见带有同位语从句的抽象名词
advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim(声明、主张),conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement(声明、陈述),suggestion,thought,warning,wish,word
二、同位语从句连接词的选用
在英语中,引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that,whether),连接代词(what ,who等)连接副词(how,when,where)。
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.The question who should do the work requires consideration.I have no idea what he is doing now.。
We came to the decision that we must act at once.He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提议会议延期。
There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。
He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there.It's a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题
注:在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接;在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如:
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.There is no doubt that Tom will keep his promise.三、同位语从句在句中的位置
1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如:
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如:
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.据说他高考又落榜了。
Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15,2003.消息传来,中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。
四、同位语从句的语气
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。例如:
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted.The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。
五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别
区别(1)that在同位语从句中没有词义,不充当句子成分;而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。
区别(2)同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是用来修饰先行词,是从属的关系。
区别(3)whether,what,how可以用来引导同位语从句;而它们不能用来引导定语从句。
第四篇:名词性从句 同位语从句用法详解
名词性从句 同位语从句用法详解(例句丰富)
一、同位语从句的引导词
引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。
1.由that引导
We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
They were worried over the fact that you were sick.他们为你生病发愁。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不实。
I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.我得出结论这样做是不明智的。
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun.他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如:
They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.他们面对废除这个税的要求。
They expressed the wish that she accept the award.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker.我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如:
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2.由whether引导
There is some doubt whether he will come.他是否会来还不一定。
Answer my question whether you are coming.你回答我的问题:你来不来。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.这个是对还是错要看结果。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
3.由连接代词引导
Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters.After that I went back to work in a factory.Then I had no idea what a casino was.从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。
4.由连接副词引导
I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他什么时候回来。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做的问题。
He had no idea why she left.他不知道她为什么离开。
You have no idea how worried I was!你不知道我多着急!
二、关于分离同位语从句
有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如:
The story goes that he beats his wife.传说他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。
The rumour spread that a new school would be built here.谣传这里要盖一所新学校。
Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town.有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。
The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.不久命令下来,所有居民都必须撤出村子。(G31)
二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1.意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:
We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)2.引导词的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。
3.引导词的功能上的不同
that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。
4.被修饰词语的区别
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外,when和where 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:
I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)
We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)
The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。(定语从句)
第五篇:浅议同位语从句
浅议同位语从句
夏文华(河北省迁安市教师进修学校 邮政编码:064400)
摘要:同位语从句是中学阶段比较常见的语法现象,为了使学生更好地理解并掌握这一语法现象,本文从同位语从句的含义、正确运用同位语从句的引导词以及同位语从句和定语从句的区别等几个方面对同位语从句进行了探讨和分析。
关键词:同位语从句,同位语从句是中学阶段比较常见的语法现象,由于与定语从句位置相同,且汉语中没有相同的概念,因此很多学生对于这一语法现象理解不够透彻,在学习时总是较难掌握。笔者结合自己多年的教学工作经验对这一语法现象进行一下分析。
一、同位语从句
1.所谓同位语,顾名思义,就是位于名词或代词后,对之起进一步解释说明作用的词,如果起此作用的不是一个词而是一个句子,那么这个句子就叫做同位语从句。
2.常跟有同位语从句的名词:ability, advice, answer, belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等。
例如:人教版高中英语教材第一册Unit 3课文中的句子: The name “whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly(.Page 17)又如Page 27: There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of.There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.We expressed the hope that they can come to visit our town again.3.常用连接词:同位语从句一般由that, where, when, why, how, who, what等引导。
如人教版高中英语教材第二册Unit 5中的句子:The idea that England stands for Fish & Clips, Speaker’s Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.(Page 35)。同位语有一个典型句型I have no idea结构,有的人把这个句型列入宾语从句的范畴,因为I have no idea意思就是I don’t know...。但是严格的从语法角度来看还应该属于同位语从句。
I have no idea where I should go.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.有时候主句的谓语比较短,同位语从句比较长,这个从句就不一定紧接在它所说明的名词后面。如:Word(消息)came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.二、同位语从句和定语从句的比较
1.从位置上看。同位语从句与定语从句在句中的位置都是在名词后,不同之处在于:定语从句对对它前面的名词起修饰限制的作用,属于形容词性从句;同位语从句主要是对它前面的名词进行解释和说明,属于名词性从句。例如人教版 高中英语教材第二册Unit 14有这样一个同位语从句: It’s a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.(Page 13)。又如The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.2、从连接词that上看。在同位语从句中,that是连词,在从句中只起连接作用,不作句子成分,没有实在意义,但是不能省略。如人教版高中英语教材第一册Unit 16中的句子: Scientists say that if a medicine works with animals, there is a very high chance that it also works with people.(Page 23)。在定语从句中,that是关系代词,在从句中起连接作用,并充当从句中的句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。that作宾语时可以省略,同时指代先行词。如:The book(that)she lent me is interesting.3、从内容上看。对于有些名词后既可以带有定语从句,又可以带有同位语从句的情况,一般是根据从句和名词的关系来进行判断,如果是对名词作进一步的阐明,则是同位语从句,反之则是定语从句,另外还可以从名词本身的意思来进行判断,带有同位语从句的名词一般为抽象名词,而定语从句几乎可以修饰任何名词。
比较:
(1)The suggestion(that)she has given at the meeting is good.(定语从句)(2)The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.(同位语从句)(1)句中that she has given at the meeting这个从句说明了是她提出的建议,不是别人的建议,也就是限定了the suggestion的范围,但并没有说明建议的内容,从结构上分析,that是give的宾语,所以这个从句是定语从句。
(2)句的that she should stay in the room这个从句说明了建议的内容,同时,that只起连词作用,在从句中既不是主语,也不是宾语,但不能省略,所以它是同位语从句。
又如:(1)The news that the teacher told us is very exciting.(2)The news that our team had won the game is exciting.通过同样的办法我们可以判断(1)句中划线部分为定语从句,(2)句中划线部分为同位语从句。
很多学生认为英语中的语法现象有的很相似,不易区分,其实任何一种语言中的语法现象都不是完全相同的,而是有区别的,只要我们在平时的学习中多注意,多观察,认真领会并分析,相信一定能够区分并能很好运用。
参考书目: 外语教学与研究出版社《使用英语语法》张道真编著
高等教育出版社 《高级英语语法》薄冰主编
人民教育出版社
普通高级中学英语教科书
作者姓名:夏文华
联系电话:*** 通讯地址:河北省迁安市教师进修学校 邮政编码:064400