第一篇：adzpixi英_语四级考试阅读理解的应试对策
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!_ 一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就这么忘记了..英语四级考试阅读理解的应试对策
1.在阅读速度方面，要以较快的速度从大量材料中捕捉有关信息，我们必须养成良好的将遇良才习惯，不是逐词阅读，而是按意群（meaningful group）扫视、连贯阅读；是拘泥于个别词句的理解，而力求融会贯通、掌握通篇的中心思想；不是通过翻译来理解，而是使英语的文字在大脑里直接产生意义。只有这样，阅读速度才能加快，理解的准确率才会提高。2.在阅读理解方法方面，应看准确题干，根据不同的目的，采用不同的方法一般说来，有快读、查读和细读三种。
（1）快读（Skimmming）.快读的目的是用浏览全言语的方法了解文章的大意和主题思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念，快读时，应特别注意文章的开始段、结束段、文章中每段的段首句和结尾句以及篇章连接手段和行文中的信息词（signal word）,因为它们往往是对文章内容的最艰险概括，是左右文章大意的关键。
（2）细读（Reading for full understanding）.找到文章中的有关范围以后，即在引范围内逐句阅读，特别对关键词、句要仔细琢磨，以便对其有较深刻、较准确的理解和掌握。不仅要理解其字面意思，而且要通过推理、判断、弄清文章中“字里行间”潜在意思。在细读时，对没有学过的生词，可根据上下文或自己的背景知识等来推测其意义；对难以看懂的长句，可借助语法手段，对其加以分析，以达到透彻理解。
3.打下坚实的语言功底。当学生普遍了解了阅读方法与技巧后，都感到有了长足的进步，但再往后就感到提高不是太大，这主要是因为头脑长足的进步，但再往后就感到提高不是太大，这主要是因为头脑中的积累不名够，因此在平进的学习过程中应把握以下两个方面：
（1）掌握大纲要求的词汇量，新四级大纲要求基础阶段的大学生应掌握4200个中和短语；熟练掌握英语的语法及惯用法，在平进学习中注意对所学的语法知识加以归纳总结，达到熟练运用。
（2）进行有计划、有目的、大量的阅读实践，只有在大量的阅读中，才能建立语感，掌握正确的阅读方法，提高阅读技能。但应注意的是这种阅读不是盲目的，而是有计划、有目的的，平时将遇良才时，把精读和泛读的内容区分开，定期进行阅读效果总结。同时，还应有意识地扩大阅读面，看一些有关英、美等国的社会文化背景的材料和科普读物，这对于提高理解能力是大有裨益的
英语四级考试的阅读理解命题趋势与特点
四级考试大纲规定阅读理解部分主要考核考生综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解英语书面材料的能力，具体考核考生以下方面的能力： 1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意。2.根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义。 3.了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节。4.既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系。 5.根据所读材料进行一定的判断，推理和引申。6.领会作者的观点和态度。全面地提高阅读速度，并同时提高以上所提到的这些方面的能力，考生需掌握一种正确的阅 读方法。从四级考试近几年来阅读理解部分所选择的文章来看，几乎所有的文章都属于议论文或说明文，而这两种体裁的文章有一个共同的特点，即：同一系列的推理步骤或事实说明一个中心议题。这两种文章往往具有以下这样一种结构或论理过程： 提出问题(hypothesis)；论述问题(reasoning)；
得出结论(conclusion) 因此，笔者认为考生必须采用正确的阅读方式：边读边有意识地把握文章的结构，作者的推 理过程，并在此基础上考察检验具体细节，进行判断和引申。相反，只靠读懂文章的大意或 孤立地对照，检查某个局部则无法确保做对文章的所附问题。 1.把握文章的推理过程要注意： a.要把握文章的推理过程，了解其说服力，考生必须首先学会把握文章的主旨和主题。一 般来讲，陈述文章的中心议题及结论的句子叫主旨句(thesis sentence)；陈述推理过程中 的每 个主要方面的核心句子叫主题句(topic sentence)。 就出现的位置来讲，主旨句往往出现在文章的第一段(提出的问题)或最后一段(结论)。 b.但仅了解作者提出的问题及得出的结论还是不够的，考生还要了解作者从哪些方面来阐 述自己提出的问题，这就要求考生在阅读过程中注意抓住陈述推理过程中诸方面内容的主题 句。而主题句往往出现在段首或段尾或同时出现在段首与段尾。 c.除了了解主旨句与主题句常出现的位置以外，考生还可以根据文章的表达方式或一些文 字安排来把握文章的主旨与主题。如表达主旨句与主题句的句子根本性转变，为了准确无误 地将自己的观点传达给读者，作者往往会有意识地反复陈述某个主题，文字上的标志也告诉 考生文章是否在陈述主题： in my opinion, I suggest/think/believe...;therefore, th us, it can be concluded that„;in fact, as a matter of fact,...;but, however, nevertheless等。例如：The exact mechanism involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.“Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process，” says encologist William Haywar.Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated;as Haywar points out, “We can ' t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.” 分析：本段所主要说明的问题出现在 but后；在癌变的发源基因内完全阻止癌症的发生 是不可能的。 2.正确处理文字与意思之间的关系 考生必须认识到，文章中任何一段语言表达都是为传达思想服务的，因此，在阅读中，切忌 不要只见树木不见森林，过多地为文字所纠缠，甚至做了文字的奴隶。考生应把自己的注意 力放在索取文章所传达的信息上，这就要求学生在阅读过程中头脑积极地思考，要主动与作 者展开对话，一边读一边预测并不时得出结论。如：读到 Nevertheless, some children ar e still backward in speaking.一句后，头脑中应立刻闪出一个问题：这是怎么造成的?并进一步阅读全段并找到原因．
英语四级阅读考试常见备考误区
阅读部分是现行的四级考试中占分比例最大的一部分。阅读部分的答题成功率，直接影响到整个考试的成败。笔者在新东方教授过数千名复习备考四级的学生。这些学生的学习方法各异，但是很多学生却陷入了相同的复习误区。本文一一指出这些误区，以方便广大读者复习准备四级考试。
误区1：机械背诵大量词汇
很多学生将四级阅读考试失利的原因归结为词汇量不够，因此耗费了大量时间和精力机械地背诵英文词汇。其实，四级考试和国外的雅思、托福考试相比，最大的区别就在于，四级考试有明确的考纲，有规定的词汇考查范围。四级复习过程中，考生完全不需要毫无目的地记忆大量词汇，只需要将考试委员会限定的四级词汇研究透彻即可。
误区2：大量做模拟题
中国人习惯在考试前做一定量的Ｄ馓庖源锏饺壬淼淖饔谩Ｗ瞿Ｄ馓獗旧砦蘅珊穹牵侨绻迅聪暗闹匦姆旁谧瞿Ｄ馓饽可希蚍噶?SPAN lang=EN-US>“本末倒置”的错误。任何模拟题都只能模仿四级考试的风格，真正能够真实反映四级考试风格的试题，是每年考试后公开的真题。考生应当把历年真题作为自己主要的复习材料。用真题进行演练，既可达到真正检测自身复习进度的目的，还可以了解四级考试的真正风格，可谓是“一箭双雕”。
误区3：一味追求考试技巧
技巧是备战四级阅读考试的一个重要方面。一方面，缺乏技巧的指引，考生可能无法在规定时间内阅读完所有的阅读文章，更无法解答完所有的试题。另一方面，如果考生一味追求考试技巧，忽视了英文基本能力的培养，则再次犯了“本末倒置”的错误。毕竟，技巧是建立在扎实的英文功底这一基础之上的。脱离英文基础的考试技巧，必定会成为“空中楼阁”。
正确的阅读方法
你知道是阅读速度和理解阅读两个方面在影响着你的阅读能力吗？除了掌握大量的词汇量之外，你有没有注意到自己的阅读速度，你的方法正确、合理吗？检查一下你有没有以下的阅读习惯，新东方的老师在告诉你，改掉它们你的阅读理解就会迎来奇迹！
（1）“指读”，即为了“集中注意力”，用手指或笔尖指着文章细细的逐词阅读。一遇到生词，便停顿下来，无法在通篇理解的基础上继续进行阅读。也影响整句或整段的意思的理解。
（2）“唇读”，即有的学生在阅读中寺喜欢读出声来，或即使不出声，嘴唇了蠕动，或脑子里也在想着读音，无形当中影响了大脑的思维速度。
（3）“回读”，也叫“即时重读”即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉的短语时，返回句首甚至段首重读；还有相当多的学生对阅读忆经产生心理定势，即认为自已第一遍肯定读不懂，因此反复多遍，浪费很多时间。
（4）“译读”，即在阅读过程中，不断地进行膛词逐句的翻译，通过译成母语来辅助理解。由于没有掌握正确的阅读方法，习惯于在不加限定的时间内，对一小块文章精雕细琢，导致了逐词阅读接受信息的习惯
英语四级阅读答题步骤
1．快速阅读文章本体，速度大约为200字/分钟。重点是掌握文章大意及每一段大概讲什么。因此，第一段和每一段的首句要仔细阅读。
2．开始做题。本找的关键是每一道题必须回到原文中找到出处-也就是能够证明这道题正确答案的部分，千万不要凭印象，凭经验。
3．That’s OK,不用花时间复查。有人要说，你这个“老办法”太老了，根本无用。请注意，以前我亦有同感，但是当我不折不扣的照此执行，发现效果其佳。一般40分的阅读理解，32分不成问题，所以也建议你不妨一试。大学英语四级考试阅读理解五大解题要点
1.培养良好的阅读习惯，默读增加阅读速度。首先，阅读时不要一个词一个词地读，更不要小声地念。这样做会减慢阅读速度，而且还会影响考生理解某句话的意思。
2.注意通过上下文的提示猜词。考生切忌一遇到生词就着急，甚至停留太久
以致影响整个文章的阅读。一般地来讲，以下线索可以帮助考生猜测词义：① 直接定义；
② 同位语往往也相当于一个定义；③ 定语从句也可以对其所修饰的词的意思起一个界定作
用；④ 既可靠、也广泛适用的猜词方法是上下文中的并列表达；⑤ 举例；列举及标点符号(特别是冒号，破折号，括号等)也可以帮助考生推测词义，考生自己的知识也可提供很多帮
助。
3.精读问题及选择项，仔细品味问题的所指及选择项之间意思的差别，切勿望文生
义，草率处之。
4.做完同一篇文章所附的问题后，应综合看一下你的选择，因为它们也许是紧密相
关的。
5.选择与所提问的内容针对性强的选择项作为正确答案
第二篇：adwuetn英_语四级高频词组
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一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就这么忘记了..1．随着经济的快速发展with the rapid development of economy
2．人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard
3．先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology
4．面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5．人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that„
6．社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
7．引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
8．不可否认 It is undeniable that„/ There is no denying that„
9．热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate
10.有争议性的问题 a controversial issue
11．完全不同的观点 a totally different argument
12．一些人 „而另外一些人 „ Some people„ while others„
13.就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,14．就„达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on„
15．有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
16．双方的论点 argument on both sides
17．发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in„
18．对„必不可少 be indispensable to „
19．正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:
20．„也不例外 „be no exception
21．对„产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on„
22．利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23．导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24．复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
25．责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26.竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27.开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
28．学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29．经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden
30．考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31.从另一个角度 from another perspective
32．做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33.对„有益 be beneficial / conducive to„
34．为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
35．打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for„
36．综合素质 comprehensive quality
37．无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach
39．致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to„
40.应当承认 Admittedly,41．不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty
42.满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of„
43．可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information
44．宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
45．因特网 the Internet（一定要由冠词，字母I 大写）
46．方便快捷 convenient and efficient
47．在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48．环保（的）environmental protection / environmentally friendly
49．社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress
50．科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
51．对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
52．支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion
53．有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence
54．在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way
55.理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice
56.„必然趋势 an irresistible trend of„
57．日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition
58．眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest
59．长远利益.interest in the long run
60．„有其自身的优缺点 „ has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages
61．扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
62．取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs.63．对„有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
64．交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information
65．跟上„的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with
the latest development of …
66．采取有效措施来„ take effective measures to do sth.67．„的健康发展 the healthy development of „
68．有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides.No garden without weeds.69．对„观点因人而异 Views on „vary from person to person.70．重视 attach great importance to„
71．社会地位 social status
72．把时间和精力放在„上 focus time and energy on„
73．扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge
74．身心两方面 both physically and mentally
75．有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to„
76.提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal
77.可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that
78．缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden
79．优先考虑/发展„ give(top)priority to sth.80．与„比较 compared with„/ in comparison with
81.相反 in contrast / on the contrary.82．代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of
83．经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water
84．提供就业机会 offer job opportunities
85.社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress
86．毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that„
87．增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding
88．充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of
89．承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure
90．保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society
91．更多地强调 put more emphasis on„
92．适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society
93．实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true
94.主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:
95.首先 First，Firstly，In the first place, To begin with
96．其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place
97.再次 Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore
98.最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,99.总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,100．我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go
第三篇：大学英语四级考试写作应试技巧
大学英语四级考试写作应试技巧
写作的评分依据是：文章切题，条理清楚，语言准确和字数符合要求。所谓切题就是看你写的作文是否跑题。所谓条理是指每一段的议论的正反清楚，说明的几个方面清楚，描述的时间正确。语言准确要求作文的语法词汇使用正确，符合英语表达习惯。四级作文的字数要求不少于120字。
一、审题
我们拿到作文后第一件事要做的就是审题。审题的作用在于使你的写作不跑题（如果跑题，条理和语言再好，也得不到及格分，甚至0分。）那么审题要审什么呢？
1． 体裁（议论文、说明文、描述文）
审题就是要审作文的体裁和题材。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。那么体裁包括哪些呢？就四、六级考试而言，它包括议论文、说明文和描述文。从近些年来看，四、六级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的杂合体。
例如有一次四级写作题是这样出的：
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:
（1）做合格大学生的必要性
（2）做合格大学生的必备条件（可以从德智体等方面谈）
（3）我打算这样做
很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。我们认为说它是议论文是片面的。因为第一段要求写 “...必要性”，这说明本段体裁是议论文；第二段要求写“...必备条件”，这说明本段要求写说明文；而第三段要求写“...这样做”，说明本段要求写的是描述文。所以我们说在大多数情况下，四、六级作文是三种体裁的杂合体。
2．根据不同体裁确定写作方法
我们审题的目的就在于根据不同的体裁来确定不同的写作方法。通过审题，我们可以看出四、六级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体、第二段为说明体、第三段为描述体。议论体有议论体的写作方式、说明体有说明体的写作方式、描述体也有它自身的写作特点。
第一段为议论文：它的写作特点是要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两面来论述。
例如上面题目的第一段的写作思路是：做合格大学生，会怎么样（这是从正面论述）；不能做到合格大学生，会怎么样（从反面论述）；所以我们要做合格的大学生（结论）。
第二段为说明文：它的写作特点是从几方面或几条来说明一个问题，就跟某一机器的说明书一样通过1、2、3说明它的用途。就以上面的作文而言，我们从三个方面（德智体）来说明做合格大学生的必要性。
第三段为描述文：以“人”为中心描述一个“做”的过程。跟上两段相比，本段的主语多为人称代词。它要与第二段相呼应进行描述。
二、主题句
确定主题句：通过审题，我们知道了写作的思路。下边我们就谈怎么样写。第一步就是要写主题句。主题句是确保不跑题的前提，只有不跑题才有可能得及格分。写主题句最保险的方法就是把各要求句译成英语。
例如上述作文的三段主题句分别为：
☆ It is very necessary to be a good university student.(议论体主题句)
☆ There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.（说明体的主题句）
☆ What I will do in the future is the following.（描述体的主题句）
如果要求句是英语就可以把它扩充成主题句，例如这样的一篇作文：
Good Health
（1）Importance of good health
（2）Ways to keep fit
（3）My own practice
这样的作文的要求句就可以扩展成主题句。扩展后三段的主题句分别为：
☆ It is very important to have good health.(将名词importance 变成形容词 important)
☆ There are four ways to keep fit for me.(用 there be 句型)
☆ My own practices are the following.（采用原词）
三、条理
确保文章条理清楚：保证不跑题是写作当中第一重要任务，第二个重要任务就是条理清楚。对于议论文来说，正反面要清楚。对于说明文来说，1、2、3条要清楚，对于描述文来说，谁干什么要清楚。
就拿上例Good Health来说，第一段保持正反面要清楚就应这样写：主题句（It is very important to have good health.,正面（With good health, we can...）,反面(Without good health, we can do nothing.We can't do...)
第二段应当这样写：主题句（There are four ways to keep fit.）从几方面说明：Firstly, we should have our breakfast in the morning.Second, we should have a nap at noon.Third, sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon.And fourth, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to the music....）
为了使文章更具条理性，我们可以用first(ly),second(ly),third(ly)等副词，他们可以使文章的条理性十分突出。作文是主观性题，要想得高分我们必须把评卷老师考虑进去。评卷老师的时间很短（每份卷子的作文只有一两分钟就要阅完），所以我们在列条条时最好不用：To begin with,...After that,...And then,...The next,...The following,...At last...。因为用这样的词语不利于阅卷老师看出你作文的条理性。
第三段应当这样写：主题句（My own practices are the following.）具体情况（主语为第一人称代词I，与第二段呼应）In the morning, I have my breakfast.At noon, I have a nap.And in the afternoon, I always play football.In the evening, I usually listen to the classic music.
综上所述，如果我们按以上几节的方法去做，就可以保证及格以上分数。
四、十二句作文法
保证作文符合字数要求的十二句作文法：
在作文的评分标准中字数也是一个要求。
四、六级的作文要求是要写出120-150字。对于这样的要求考生不必怕写不够。考生的作文一定要达到字数，但不要写得太多，因为写得太多一方面暴露自己语言上的弱点，另一方面又会占用过多的时间。写得太多还易跑题，一个有效的方法就是十二句作文法。
我们知道，四、六级作文大都是三段式。我们算一下，如果我们在每一段中写上四句话，即主题句加两三句扩展句和一个结论句就可以了。这样全篇在十二句左右。每一句十多个词，这样就是120-150字。
在写作时，我们要横向写作，即写某一问题的横段面。
例如，上面讲到健康的重要性时，我们只写四句就可以了。第一句主题句，第二句从正面论述，第三句从反面论述，第四句为结论句。但有的同学在写的时候说“健康非常重要，”然后就写“吃波莱非常重要”，因为波菜含有丰富的铁，铁对人是非常重要的，因为...。这样的作文的基本模式是A-B B-C C-D D-E以此类推。这就叫流水账，没有中心。我们写作时要根据横段面去写，而不要写成流水账。避免写成流水账的方法是不要就前一句中的一个非重点词再进行描述。而要对主题句从横段面去写，写完一个横段面就不要再对这一横段面进行阐述了，应当去写别一个横段面。
如果我们感觉字数不够，就在每一句或某些句子上添加些词就行了。
例如我们感觉上边第二段不够长，就可以这样来加词：
主题句 There are four ways to keep fit.— There are four or more ways to keep fit for everyone of us.从几方面说明： Firstly, we should have our breakfast in the morning.— Firstly, we should have our breakfast, such as milk, eggs, bread and so on, in the morning.Second, we should have a nap at noon.— Secondly, we should have a short nap, even 30 minutes, at noon.Third, sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon.— Thirdly, sports exercises are necessary for everyone and we can do some sports exercises in the afternoon.And fourth, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to music.— And fourthly, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to both popular and classic music.这样一来，我们只要保持本句的主题不变，添加一些次要词就能达到字数的规定标准。
综上所述，我们在写作中最最重要的一点就是要有自己的观点和见解，一定要提出自己的观点来，有些同学一篇文章写下来，都不知道你的观点是什么，这样的文章是失败的。如果我们按以上几节的方法去做，就可以保证及格以上分数。
针对2010年12月的四级考试，建议大家论说文重点准备关于大学校园生活的话题，如学习、生活、社会工作、兼职打工等；应用文重点准备咨询信、投诉信、介绍信、请求信、建议信、道歉信、邀请信等私人和公务信函，以及开幕词、祝酒辞等致辞的写法。应用文在各式的书中都有很详细的介绍，在这里就不做说明了，关键就是格式。只要格式正确，基本上都可得满分。
四、六级超级作文模式
除了以上的方法之外，为了让大家更快地学会短文写作，我们将四、六级考试的作文归纳为以下几种类型，并且每种题型准备了一套相对固定的作文模式，我们将其称为超级作文模式，相信大家记住了下面的作文模式以后，会
有一番意外的收获。
1．对比观点型
Some people tend to think that 观点一。They point out that 理由一。Additionally，理由二。(A case in point is举例。)Therefore，小结。
On the contrary，other people hold the view that 观点二。They argue that 理由一。What’s more，理由二。(As an illustration，举例。)Accordingly，小结。
As far as I am concerned，I think 我的观点。The reason is that 理由一。And also，理由二。So，总结自己的观点。
2．说明利弊型
Whenever we hear people say that 主题，we’ll instantly have the idea that it is a good／bad thing／or 某人。Indeed，主题have advantages to 某人。We can take 举例 as an example．It will benefit 好处一。In addition，好处二。In the meantime，we must realize those disadvantages of 主题。First of all，坏处一。Second，坏处二。
To sum up the above arguments，I think a proper attitude towards 主题，is that 我的观点。
3．解决方法型
Nowadays，we have to face a problem that 问题。(Nowadays，more and more people are concerned about the problem 问题。／It is important for us to 问题。)For instance 例一。(First，原因一)Moreover，例二。(Second，原因二。)People have figured out many ways to solve the problem．(Confronted with 问题，we should take a series effective measures to cope with the situation．)Firstly，解决方法一。Secondly，解决方法二。
Personally，I believe that 我的方法。(To me，I am taking two ways to solve the problem of 问题。)One of them is 我的方法。The other way is 方法二。By now ways have been working perfectly and efficiently 结果。
4．阐述主题型
A famous saying goes that 名言或谚语。It means that 释义。
An example of this case is 举例。解释。
Another case in point is 例二。
I like the saying —— 名言，which encourages me 理由。
5．图表题
From the graph，we know the statistics of 图表概况。It can easily be seen that 揭示含义。
There are many reasons responsible for this instance，and the following are the typical ones．For one thing，理由一。In addition，理由二。The main reason is that 理由三。
However，this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future．I believe 前景预测。(Above all，we now know about the problem and we should try to find some ways to solve it。For one thing，方法一。For another thing，方法二。Still another，方法三。)
大学英语四级写作技巧
关联词的应用
在确定好一条条的扩展句后，怎样把这些句子流畅而连贯地组合在一起呢？这便是关联词发挥作用的时候了。在英语中，句与句之间、段与段之间一般都有连词或关联词连接，通过这些词读者能够很清楚地明白文章前后的逻辑联系。适当使用关联词是四级写作必备的技能，大家应该要引起特别重视。
常用的关联词分为五类：
1、列举类
列举法常用在议论文中，当作者提出一个论点后，可通过列举举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。
列举类关联词有：
first(ly), second(ly),...finally;for one thing, for another;on the one hand, on the other hand;moreover;furthermore;what’s more;in addition;besides;first of all;in the first place, in the second place;(at)last;then;next;the last but not the least2、举例类
举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法。
举例类关联词有：
for example;for instance;such as;like;take...for example;a case in point;namely;in other words;that is;especially;in particular3、比较和对比
比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较，以辨别出它们的相似之处；对比是将这些事物进行对照，辨别其差异
而指出各自的特征和本质。
这类关联词有：
but;however;yet;otherwise;while;in contrast;by contrast;on the contrary;similarly;likewise;like;conversely;rather than;instead;on the other hand;equally;nevertheless;nonetheless;unlike;still;in the same way;compared with...4、因果类
as a result;since;because(of);thanks to;due to;owing to;for this reason;hence;thus;therefore;on this/that account;on account of;consequently5、总结类
总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后，进行总结、给出概括。
这类关联词有：
in this case;according to;in a word;in brief;in short;to sum up.Essential English Expressions for Writing of(great)importance
It is no use…ing
It is natural that…(important;necessary;essential;difficult)
It is important(for sb.)to do sth.(worthwhile)
be worth …ing
the former…the latter…
generally(speaking);specifically(speaking)
In conclusion I’d like to say that…
From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that...Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.A number of factors might contribute to(lead to)(account for)the phenomenon(problem).A good case in point is...According to a recent survey,... With the rapid development of...,...In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop...It is necessary that steps should be taken to...Taking all these into account, we...四级写作时需要注意的几点事宜。
语言要规范化
长短句相结合字迹工整清晰：
写完之后检查
1.语言要规范化
写作过程中好多同学可能会先把中文写好再把中文翻译成英文，这对于一些程度比较差的同学来说，无疑是一种可取的办法，但是在翻译的过程中，切记不要用中式英语，比如：“man can live happiness”，“Man is iron, and food is steel.”, ＂Women are half side sky.＂。要多积累一些习惯短语和表达法，在翻译过程中尽可能多用模式化的句型，少一些逐字翻译。
2.长短句相结合同学们可能还有一个观点，就是在作文中，复杂句越多，得分就越高。诚然，英语写作是对一个人英语能力的考察，复杂句的使用能反映你对英文的掌握程度。但是如果你的作文中全是复杂句，这样会影响阅卷老师的阅读，读起来很烦很不自然，考试作文中一定要长短句结合。对于一些基础差的同学，如果你不能很好的把握复杂句，还是用简单句比较好，至少简单句你不会用错。
3.字迹工整清晰
字迹一定要工整，清晰，这是得高分的基础。一篇文章字迹的好坏有时候能起到决定性的作用。
4.写完之后检查
作文写完之后的检查。a，就是对整个文章结构的检查。对于自己写的文章，一定要把结构搞清楚，要想到别人阅读你的文章时，要一眼就能找到你的中心句，看出你文章论证的结构。b，语言错误。请一定避免简单但严重的错误。比如：单复数、主谓一致、时态、搭配和简单词的拼写。记得简单无误是写作的第一准则。
第四篇：aegyysl英_语四级作文
、|
!_ 一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就这么忘记了..英语四级作文范文
写作的重要性 6分最低限，只要结构不出错，得分应该为9分。评判作文
四级考试作文主要看内容、结构、语言三个方面。
内容不跑题即可，注意：1.不要妄图以情动人；2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。结构上牢记总分总：先写主题句(Topic Sentence)，再写分论点，最后写总结句(Conclusion)。
语言最重要，往往使评分产生重大差异，语言要模仿和包装。基本表达
人们认为：it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that 越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 万能理由（Omnipotence）
1.方便：convenient/ convenience 2.效率：efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency 3.节省和浪费：save time/ money/ space;economical, thrift waste time/ money/ space;costly, lavish 4.人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverance;selfish, isolated, conserative 5.人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic 6.娱乐：colorful, pleasure,joy, recreation, entertainmentm, relax tired, boring, lonely 7.环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty 8.安全和危险：safe, danger, risk 9.经验：experience, social experience, enter the society 10.人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely 写完之后修改注意：（内容方面尽量不要修改）
1、字母大小写
2、怪符号
3、单词拼写
4、主谓一致
5、动词时态
6、名词单复数 实例一
题目：Bicycles――An Important Means of Transport in China提纲：（1）为什么自行车在中国这样普及（2）和汽车的比较（3）自行车在中国的前途 Score: 8 Bicycle is an important means of transport in China.The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese.The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage.They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive.So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it to go to work, or go to travel and so on.The other reason is the large population of China.All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport.The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it.It doesn’t ask to build the garage like car.This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land.It isn’t too expensive, so Chinese can afford it.It doesn’t need any oil, and it can’t cause the polusion.All of these are the good needs compared to the car.In the future, bicycle will be widely used.And it will be in good demand.People will produce much more modern bicycles.Score: 14 Bicycles are very popular in China.Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles.During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people--man and woman, old and young--ride their bicycles to work and study.That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”.注：1.第一句总写，第二句和第三句分写，最后总写。2.During the rush hour 分词结构开头。3.破折号内容为同位语,句式多变化。
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways.First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride.Second, riding bicycle is good for health.Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution.Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive.They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air.Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car.Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.注：1.Compared with cars 分词结构开头。
2.be superior to/ be inferior to 优于/ 低于
3.thirst, second, third 英语语言有层次感，信号词 4.cheap 便宜，最好用inexpensive 5.be good for health 对健康有好处（万能理由）6.Moreover 表示递进
In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising.Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions.It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.注：promising 有前途的 a promising young man Score: 11 There millions of bicycles in today’s China.Bicycles are very important means of transport in people’s daily lives.Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the rider’s strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China.注：第一句应该用there be结构
Compared with a car, a bicycle is much cheaper.It is more suitable for China as a developing country.And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has.On the contrary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.I think the population of China’s bicycle will be kept for the long run.Because it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that it’s quality will be improved.I、对比观点选择题：1.有人认为„„； 2.另外一些人认为„„； 3.谈谈你的观点和看法。（最好写成4段）实例二 99年6月真题
Reading Selectively Or Extensively? Outline: 1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书 3.我的想法
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.Some people think we should read selectively.They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published.It is impossible for us to read all the books.What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them.Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was.If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed.If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless.Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.Who’s right? I think both of them have something right.But I think we should read extensively first.We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：
（启）Paragraph I：（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；（2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。Score: 14分
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.（启）
注：第一句提出问题，第二句提出两种见解 典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：
（承）Paragraph II：（1）提出一种观点或优点；（2）本段的支持性分论点；（3）本段总结（可以省略）。
Some people think we should read selectively.They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published.It is impossible for us to read all the books.What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them.Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.（承）注：1.本段总分总结构
2.they argue that = they think that 3.with the development of...随着„„的发展 4.what's more 递进关系，moreover 5.bad = pornographic 色情的 & violent 暴力的 典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（转）Paragraph III：（1）承上启下的过渡句；（2）提出另一种观点或缺点；（3）本段的支持性分论点（4）本段总（可以省略）。
But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was.If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed.If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless.Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.（转）注：1.But 转折词（信号词）
2.they emphasize that = they think that 3.today's society is not what it was 现代社会今昔非比 4.许多知识 a wide range of knowledge/ a large scope of knowledge/ much knowledge；
获取知识 acquire/ get knowledge 5.knows nothing→little；he may be useless→he may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（合）Paragraph IV：（1）平衡两种看法；（2）给出自己的观点。
Who’s right? I think both of them have something right.But I think we should read extensively first.We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.（合）Score: 11分
When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.注：结构非常好，可以套用。
Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books.Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way.So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.注：1.“people, who...,”应去掉逗号，改为限制性定语从句。2.as many as bad books 改为 as many as bad ones 3.lead us to the wrong way 改为 lead sb.astray 4.they suggest that = they think that 5.touch 碰（闪光点词汇：如教材P7：shouldering the responsibility of doing sth.肩负起责任）
But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge.Even the best book only contains one field of information.So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”.So they believe that reading extensively is better.注：1.hold 认为 同样表示“think”的词还有argue, emphasize, believe, suggest, claim, insist, maintain, agree, hold 2.the best book 在西方国家是“圣经”的意思 3.to know more, to read more 错误，中式英语
To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible.By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.范文22.Is Television a Blessing or a Curse? Now, it is generally accepted that television plays an important part in people’s lives.But, there is an ongoing heated discussion as to whether television is a blessing or a curse.注：it is generally accepted that 人们通常认为
As is often pointed out by some people, television keeps one better informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in politics and science, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and stimulating.The most distant countries, the strangest customs and the most attractive scenes of nature are brought right into one’s room.注：1.As is often pointed out by some people = Some people think that 2.“使„„”不用make，而用keep, allow, offer However, other people insist that television is a curse rather than a blessing.They argue that it has brought about many serious problems.The major one is its effects on young people.They are now so used to getting their information, education and entertainment from television that their literacy as well as physical ability has been greatly weakened.Even worse
than that, vulgar commercials and indecent programs may cultivate their bad tastes, distort their viewpoints towards human life to such a degree that their minds might be corrupted.In summary, television has both advantages and disadvantages.Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, television in itself is neither good nor bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society.范文5.Travelling People who like travelling have their reasons.They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning.They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possible have.注：geographical and historical 押尾韵，如：押头韵 clear & clean Those who dislike travelling have their reasons.They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy.For example, traffic and accommodation require money and walking while seeing sights often tires you.In practice, travelling does more good than harm.If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time.It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you will probably grow to like and love.注：1.in practice = I think 2.does more good than harm 好处比坏处多，其他表达方法：be superior to/ inferior to 比如：the advantages are superior to the disadvantages 3.enable 使 范文1.Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test(CET).Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker.Sometimes even those top students who excel in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely.A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.使句子具有表现力的手段：
1、用形容词修饰名词；
2、副词修饰动词、副词修饰形容词
On the other hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners.To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework.Another required test will only add to their burden.Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions
according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck.In my opinion, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm.Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society.Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.范文21.Should smoking be banned? Should smoking be banned? Answers to this question vary greatly.Some people are in favor of the idea of smoking.They always say that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed.And they also say that giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship.Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go.注：1.vary greatly 许多种2.be in favor of = agree/ be of the opinion that 3.get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed 使人神清气爽
4.Giving and being given 给与被给。主、被动关系在英文中用现在、过去分词表达。
But other people consider it very harmful to people’s health.They have heard the official reports that one person in the world dies from smoking every second.And they have heard the doctor’s warning that smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and to increase their chances of having heart attack.In addition, smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents.Thus it has become a major threat to people’s life and property.注：1.They have heard the official reports that...官方报告表明..2.be more likely to 更有可能，更容易3.chance 可能
There is some truth in both arguments, but human’s life and property outweighs anything else.If smoking brings us illness and death, why not have it banned by the government? Without cigarettes, can’t we come up with better ways to express our friendship and to make us refreshed?注：1.outweigh 比„„重要，同样的表达：be superior to/ be inferior to。overweight 超重2.最后用两句反问句结尾，非常精妙。课后作业 Private Cars 写成4段的首段写法：
In recent years, with fast economic growth, private cars have appeared in many families in China.People's attitude toward private cars varies widely.② With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a private car.Yet, people's opinions of private cars vary from person to person/ public attitude toward it varies greatly/ widely./ is quite of the contrary./ differs sharply.③ In recent few years, the phenomenon/ issue/ problem of owning a private car has been brought to public attention/ in the limelight.People's views
on/ opinions of owing a private car vary widely.写成3段的首段写法：
With the development of modern society/ science and technology, / With the improvement of people's living standard, more and more people can own private cars.cars are entering ordinary families.the growing number of people/ people in ever increasing numbers can have access to private cars.(此句是引言)支持段的主题句：
Some people claim that/ As is pointed out that/ It is generally believed that/ It is widely accepted that, there are some advantages of owning a private car.There is no doubt that private cars benefit people hugely.支持段的分论点：
① 方便 First, private cars provide people with the most convenient form of transportation.② 舒适 Second, it is comfortable for people to travel in, especially in changeable weather/ raining days/ sand storm.③ 炫耀 Third, only a private car can show a person's social status/ achievement/ success/ prosperity in his or her career.否定段的主题句：① However(Nonetheless/ Nevertheless/ But), there are some disadvantages of owing a private car/ Every coin has two sides.② While enjoying the convenience that private cars bring us, we should not ignore the problem they create/ produce/ introduce/ make.③ Despite/ In spite of/ For all the advantages, they brings their own disadvantages/ problems/ negative effects ④ Like anything else, private cars also have their own weakness/ limits.⑤ However, private cars are not without shortcomings/ faults.⑥ Yet other speak of the problems private cars have brought.They complain that......⑦ However, private cars may also bring with it problems our society had not previously faced.⑧ Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by private cars, the changes they bring could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences.否定段的分论点： ① 占有空间 On the one hand, private cars take up/ occupy too much space.② 交通事故 On the other hand, a driver should be careful/ cautious while driving, otherwise, car accidents are more likely to happen.③ 污染环境 What's more/In addition, private cars give off/ discharge/ release CO which pollute the environment/ air.注意：所谓上义词是指抽象、概括和笼统的，就是比较superordinate的词；而下义词就是具体的东西，即subordinate的东西。第四段（总结段）的写法：
① Despite all the disadvantages mentioned above, I still think that the advantages outweigh/ are greater than the disadvantages.As for the above problem, I'm sure they will be settled by the scientists in the future/ It is only a matter of time for the problems to be solved.② Unquestionably, the challenge of private cars means we all should consider how we can control them, so that they will not control us.③ Whether the private cars are a blessing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be elminated.④ Anyway/ Anyhow/ In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: private cars have changed and will continue to change the way of our transportation, our leisure and our life.选择题型变体逻辑结构（My View on Sth.）选择性观点的变体的文章写作逻辑结构：
Paragraph I:（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；（2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。
Paragraph II:（1）提出作者观点（本文主题句）；
（2）举例加以论证。
Paragraph III:（1）总结全文（再次强调作者观点）范文17.My View on Fate There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of fate.Some people believe that everyone is born to a certain that he can not change, while some other people think that every man is the master of his own life.注：1.consensus 相同意见
2.第一句话可以套用，如范文18：There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of wealth.3.while 轻微转折和对比，强转折用词but, however 4.master 主人 As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion.There is a saying, “Everyone is the architect of his own future.” Which means one’s fate is decided in his own hands.In fact, no one is destined to a certain fate in his or her life.Those who claim that they were born to fail or be unlucky just can’t realize how much inner strength and ability they have.We must depend on ourselves to changes our lives and make us successful and happy.注：1.第一句as far as与I agree重复，把后半句改为the latter opinion seems more reasonable。
2.architect 建筑师，archor 弓箭手
3.In fact 前后是转折关系，之前从正面阐述，之后从反面阐述 范文17.My View on Fate（续）
Let’s take Helen Keller, an extraordinary American woman, for example.When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf.Instead of accepting her misfortune helplessly, she showed great courage and unconquerable spirit in fighting against her destined fate and was awarded
the President’s Medal of Freedom in 1964 because of the achievements she had made for helping the blind, the deaf and the speechless.This story tells us that a wise man is always creating his own fate rather than waiting for good luck.注：1.本段开始举例
2.Let's take„„for example 中间是插入语，表示强调，举例不宜太长。
In conclusion, I believe that everyone is born equal and is the builder of his own fate We can have good fortune only if we take pains and work hard.We should bear the following saying in mind, “Every man is the master of his own fate.”
注：bear sth.in mind：把„„牢记在心 范文13.The Way to Success 第二段：Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success.A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit.He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be.Dr.Sun Yat-sen was such a man.Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and finally succeeded in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty.Diligence means steadiness in one’s work and study.Su Qin stabbed himself in order to keep attentive to studies.Marx often worked 15 hours a day.Life is short and we have many things to do.Without diligence no one can achieve anything.II、社会热点话题写作逻辑结构
Paragraph 1:(1)概括性的引出要评论的事物或观点（general）；
(2)具体描述这个事物或者观点（或者是我对这个现象/ 事物的基本看法specific）。
Paragraph 2:(1)作者对该现象货问题的基本看法，即文章的论点句；(2)支持性的细节分论点（至少两点）；(3)本段总结（可以省略）。
Paragraph 3:(1)总结全文，定下结论（通常为我的对策或看法）。四级作文试题2000年1月 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education.You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below: 1.上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多多种途径解决。2.哪种途径适合我（说明理由）。How I Finance My College Education How I Finance My College Education 第一段：首先，应该是用一种描述性的语言引出讨论的重点：
Nowadays/ At present/ Currently/ These days/ Today, tuitions and fees for college students are 【more expensive】 much higher than ever before.How
to finance my college education has become a matter of concern.第二段：有多种的方法，例如：1.向父母;2.银行贷款 3.打工挣钱 第二段主题句：There are many ways to support my college education financially./ Ways to support my university study financially vary greatly/ are various.第二段分写：
In the first place, I can get/ gain/ obtain all the money from my parents.In the second place, I can apply for/ ask for a bank loan, especially set up/ established for college students/ undergraduates.What’s more, I can find a part time job to earn enough money.第三段：我所赞同的方法（阐述原因，为何不选其他的方法）。Personally/ As far as I’m concerned/ In my opinion/ From my point of view/ To my way of thinking/ As I see it, I prefer the bank loan for the following reasons.For one thing, my parents are not rich enough to afford me.For another, I will not have enough time and energy to study after finishing my part-time/ temporary/ odd jobs.In addition, I believe I can hunt a rewarding/ dream job after graduation, and then I will be able to pay off/ pay back/ return/ give back.Therefore /So /Hence,.....使文章富有表现力的手段：
1、使用有难度的词汇；
2、使用形容词修饰名词，用副词修饰动词或整个句子；
3、使用被动语态；
4、使用倒装句；(not only...but also...；only...)
5、尽可能地使用名词，而不是习惯中的动词和形容词。绿化我们的城市 第一段：
近年来，随着工商业的迅猛发展，许多大城市中树木的数量大幅度降低。人们作出各种努力防止树木被砍伐，但是，认识到绿化城市也同样重要。普通版
Recently, with the development of businesses and industries, more and more trees have disappeared in big cities.We have tried our best to prevent people from cutting trees.But, it is important to realize to make our cities green.润色版
In contemporary society, while our industries and businesses have experienced a(n)rapid/ fast/ amazing/ marked/ fantastic development, the number of trees in many large cities has declined/ decreased/ reduced sharply/ dramatically.Although remarkable efforts have been exerted to prevent more trees from being cut, the realization of making cities greener is still of great importance.注：区分industry 和 industrial 绿化我们的城市（续）
第二段：
绿化城市会带来很多好处。其一，绿化城市能够净化空气。科学研究已经证明树木通过吸收作用可以降低大气中碳化合物的含量。其二，它能够美化城市。到处是花草树木，我们会欣然地感到自己置身于美丽的花园中。最后，绿化城市能够带来大量木材，这是解决自然资源短缺的有效办法。普通版
There are many advantages in making cities greener.First, it makes our air clean.Scientific research has proved that trees can reduce a great amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through absorption.Second, it adds to the beauty of our cities.With trees and flowers everywhere, there is a pleasant feeling that we live in a beautiful garden and are closer to nature.Finally, it will bring us a lot of timber.And this is an effective way to solve the problem of lack of natural resources.润色版
What benefits can the program of making cities greener bring to us? First, the air will be cleaner.Scientific experiments have already proved that trees can reduce air pollution by producing a lot of oxygen.This will improve the quality of the urban environment.Second, our cities will look more beautiful.Just imagine the city which is full of trees and flowers.What an attractive garden it is!What’s more, by making cities greener, we can provide our industry with timber the precious natural resources.绿化我们的城市（续）第三段：
绿化城市需要全国人民共同努力，人们不仅要广泛认识到城市绿化对城市环境的贡献，还应该同心协力栽植更多的树木并保护它们不受商业使用的侵犯。普通版
Making cities greener requires people’s efforts all over the country.And people should not only realize that it is important to make cities greener for its contribution to urban environment, but also plant trees and protect them from being used in business.润色版
Making cities greener requires more than widespread awareness;it calls for an immediate commitment to planting more trees and growing more flowers.(Making cities greener requires the whole nation’s efforts.And not only should most people gain the awareness of the significant contribution of making cities greener to urban environment, but also make a commitment to the protection of more trees against business.)句型变化
A.(1)We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.(2)There are many trees along the streets.(3)There is a clean river in the city.(4)There are many fishes in the river.(5)There are willow trees on the one side.(6)There are some pieces of grassland on the other side.(7)There are many flowers on them.B.(1)Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we have made our cities greener.(2)Green trees line the streets.(3)A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes abound.(4)On the one side stand rows of willow trees.(5)On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers.1.There be...1)a.There are fewer and fewer citizens who like to see films.b.Films are now losing their appeal for many citizens.2)a.There are many people who complain of severe housing shortages.b.Housing shortages become the source of great complaint.2.If 1)a.If you compare the two methods carefully, you will find the difference.b.Careful comparison of the two methods will show you the difference.2)a.If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good result.b.The application of book knowledge alone will not bring you good result.3)a.If there is no pollution, man can certainly survive.b.Man can certainly survive in the world where there is no pollution.3.In order to 1)a.In order to prevent the problem becoming too serious to solve, we must take an immediate step.b.An immediate step must be taken before the problem becomes too serious to solve.2)a.In order to build a stable and prosperous nation, people should make new efforts.b.New efforts will bring...4.More and more 1)a.More and more people now prefer to stay at home and watch TV.b.People in ever increasing numbers prefer to stay at home and watch TV.2)a.More and more people who become more and more rich can afford a motorcycle.b.The growing number of people who become increasingly rich can now afford a motorcycle.3)a.More and more teenagers smoke cigarettes in recent years.b.Teenage smoking is on the rise/ increase/ decrease/ decline in recent years.4)a.More and more teachers are needed with the development of economy.b.There is an increasing demand for teachers with the development of economy.5)a.More and more trees have disappeared in the city.b.There is a sharp decline in the number of trees in the city.社会热点话题
写作练习：Jobs for Graduates 1)大学生难找工作 2)原因很多 3)解决的办法
With the fantastic development of modern society, people in ever increasing numbers have access to tertiary education（高等教育）.As a result, job-hunting is now becoming headache for most graduates.范文23：Nowadays, college graduates come to realize that it is not easy to get a rewarding job.Most/ Many of them can not get a job right after graduation.The job market for college students/ graduates is getting tighter and tighter.According to a survey, only 80% of college graduates of the class of 2002 found jobs the year they graduated, compared with 95% in 2000.Why do college graduates find it increasingly difficult to get jobs? 第二段细节论证 分析原因：
1、Among the most convincing/ important reasons given/ cited/ offered/ identified by people for this problem/ phenomenon, one should be stressed/ emphasized/ mentioned...2、One may regard/ see/ view/ think of the trend/ increase/ phenomenon as a sign of/ result of/ response to/ reaction to...3、The increase/ change/ failure/ success in...mainly/ largely/ partly results from/ arises from is due to/ owing to/ attributable to the fact that/ several factors...Several years ago, many students were enrolled in/ admitted to/ taken in/ matriculated popular major, so that the supply is superior to/ outweigh/ exceeds the demand.Many graduates are reluctant to work in the remote areas/ western provinces/ developing areas/ less developed country.Graduates without working experiences are now losing their appeal for many international cooperations, such as...国家制定法律法规 个人接受教育
III、图表题（table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph）图表题的写作逻辑结构：
Paragraph I:（1）概括描述图表：趋势描写；
（2）具体描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。Paragraph II:（1）提出自己理由和观点（本段主题句）；
（2）细节性分论点（主要是原因，用于支持自己的观点，至少两点）。
Paragraph III:（1）预测未来和提出解决方法；
（2）总结全文和表达作者自己观点 【标题】Changes in People’s Diet Directions: Write a three-paragraph composition to:
1.State the changes in people’s diet in the past five years.2.Give possible reasons for the changes.3.Draw your own conclusion.You should quote as few figures as possible.【短文】Changes in People’s Diet
In the past five years there have been many changes in people’s diet.Grain, as the main food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role, while the proportion of some high-energy foods, such as milk and meat, has increased.What has caused these changes? I think there are two reasons.First, people now have more money.The price of meat and milk is much higher than that of grain, so in the old days people couldn’t afford them.Now they have enough money to buy both meat and milk.Second, people nowadays pay more attention to the elements of their diet.They look for a well-balanced diet that will be good for their health.In short, there have been changes in people’s diet in the past five years because of financial and health reasons, and there will be further changes in the future 【修改版】
As can be seen from the table, the past five years has witnessed dramatic changes in people’s diet.Grain, as the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, milk and fruit has greatly increased.There are two factors leading to the change.For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living.In the old days few families could afford meat and milk every day, which often meant a big chunk of the family income.But now people have enough money to taste a rich verity of foods.For another, people of today attach more attention to nutrition.They are not merely content to fill the stomach.They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.In a word, with people’s standard of living getting higher and higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.图表题的适用句型：
1.As we can see from the chart/ graph/ table/ diagram,...2.The chart/ graph shows/ displays that...3.As can be shown in the table..., 4.The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that..., 5.It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table that...V、谚语格言题逻辑结构
Paragraph I：（1）点明要阐释的谚语或名言（general）；
（2）用自己的话解释这一谚语或名言的意思，有时有正反两面的逻（specific）。
Paragraph II：（1）作者对该谚语或名言的观点态度，即文章的论点句；
（2）支持性的细节分论点，举例子论证（至少两点，有时有正反两面的逻辑）；
Paragraph III：总结全文，定下结论（通常为阐明其现实或更深远意义）。Practice Makes Perfect Practice is the key to success in all fields of activity.It is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency.When we accomplish something perfectly without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.【改写为】An English proverb says/ One of the greatest men once remarked/ Nearly every civilization has its own equivalent to the proverb: “Practice makes perfect”.It means that/ In other words, it is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency.When we accomplish something without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.Practice Makes Perfect（续）Take the study of English for example.Only practice can enable us to spell words correctly and master the rules of grammar.And it is only through practice that we can become fluent in speaking and writing, there is no other way.Another good example is sports.Practice is the only way to become stronger and run faster.Besides, in team games practice is what improves our sense of cooperation and helps the team to win.【改写为】History/ Our society abounds with the examples of “Practice makes perfect”.......（正反两方面都举例子）On the other hand/ On the contrary, no practice will only lead us to failure.There is hardly/ scarcely a man who can achieve success without practice.All evidence points to/ justifies/ lends supports to the fact that practice is the key to success in all fields of activity.举例一般为：英语学习；体育锻炼
To sum up, there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice.【改写为】For us college students, the saying/ proverb has a profound and realistic significance: there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice 课后复习（self-study Program）
1、课堂讲解内容：体会用词艺术和丰富的句式
2、写作练习：2002年6月真题（Student Use of Computers）
3、记忆写作万能理由和基本表达
4、完型填空练习：完成Passage 1--Passage 3 做题步骤：
（1）通读全文，了解文章大意；
（2）初选答案（排除法、优选法）；
（3）寻找线索；
（4）回头补缺；
（5）核实答案。
图表题：2002年6月考题
Topic: Student Use of Computers(at least 150 words)
1、上图所示为1990、1995、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；
2、请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；
3、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。2002年6月的图表题作文： As is shown by the bar graph, the average number of hours a student in a certain university spends on the computer per week increased dramatically over the period from 1990 to 2000.In 1990, it was less than two hours.And in 1995, it hit/ reach four hours.And in 2000, the number soared to（飞速上升）nearly twenty hours, which is over ten times than that of 1990.注：soared to/ boom/ shoot up/ rocket/ jump 飞速上升 climb 上升很慢 shrink 下降，缩水
第一段还有一种写法：„„In 1990, the number was less than 2 hours, while the figure hit 4 hours（或者这样写：while in 1995,）as compared with that of 1990, it had almost doubled.And what impress us most is that the figure soared to..., which„
Obviously computers are becoming increasingly popular for males and for females.A multitude of factors could account for the rise.In the first place, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life.Also, the rapid development of the internet enlarges our demands for using computers.We can easily contact friends in remote places through the internet.In the second place, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enable more students to purchase them.However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out-of-date designs and so on.And how to balance the time between using computers an studying is also a serious problem.Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly.IV、书信题的写作方法：
（一）信封格式：
名字、信箱、地域范围由小到大，写在右下角（与我们相反）。
（二）信纸格式：
日期：背月份的缩写
称呼（后面的标点是逗号）:Dear Sir or Madam, To whom it may concern, 正文：空4个字节或者顶格写，段与段之间空行）
签名：sincerely yours 书信写作的五点要求：
1、开门见山说意图
2、咨询/ 建议1、2、3、3、不同内容可分段
4、感谢客气不可少
5、期待回信成老套
（三）开头段：
1、告知对方你的身份（假如对方不认识你）Dear Sir/ Mr.Prometheus, I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department./ I am a„ at your„
/ I am a „ at your college, enrolled in the„ course./ My name is„, I am„
2、问候收信人（假如他/她是你的朋友）Dear Prometheus, Hello / Hi.How are you? / I hope everything is fine./ How are things going with you? / How are you getting on in / getting along with„..?
3、解释写信的原因（1）致谢：
I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises./ I am greatly indebted to you for(the double)you have gone to on my behalf./ Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada./ I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for„ / I would like to thank you most sincerely for„（2）抱怨：
I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room./ I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with / at„ / I wish to make a complaint about„
/ I am writing to draw your attention to„./ I am afraid I have got a complaint about„.（3）致歉：
I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects./ I am writing to you because I am unable to„./ I an terribly sorry that„./ I would like to express my apologies for not being able to„.（4）询问：
I would like to obtain /request/seek/inquire about some information about„
/ I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor./ I would like some detailed information on/about„.（四）结尾段：
1、发出请求
（1）Please give this matter your immediate attention.（2）I would very much appreciate it if„„as soon as possible.（3）Please render me some valuable advice which is conductive to my final decision.2、提供帮助
（1）I hope these„„will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information.（2）„„will be taking responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you
3、再次表示歉意或感激
（1）Thank you for your kind assistance.（2）Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.（3）I am sorry that I cannot„„, and trust that you will understand.（4）In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused.（5）I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.（6）Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.4、期盼回信：R.S.V.P.（1）I look forward to your prompt response.（2）Looking forward to a prompt reply,（3）I expect to hear from you very soon.（4）I hope to receive your reply shortly.（5）I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter.书信题范文：2001.6 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.Suppose you are Zhang Ying.Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday.You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.1． 表示欢迎
2.提出度假安排的建议 3．提醒应注意的事项
A Letter to a Schoolmate June 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang Example I: Dear Xiao Wang, I am very happy to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long holiday.My parents will also be happy to see you again.I am sure you will enjoy every minute here.I know you like swimming.A river lies not far away from my home.We can go swimming there.I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer days.In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner.We can watch TV, play VCDs or read books very comfortably
at home.A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring.We can go there on foot.When we climb to the top of the mountain, we can have a wonderful birds eye view of the whole village.Just phone me before you set off.There is no need for you to take anything.I’ll prepare everything for you.I am looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours, Zhang Yin 公文信函: 2002.1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr.President, Li Ming freshman 大一 sophomore 大二 junior 大三 senior 大四 Example II: Dear Mr.Prometheus, I am a student at your TOEFL class and I am writing to explain my absence from classes since March 11, 2001.On March 10, 2001, I was involved in a serious motor vehicle accident.I was transported to the hospital in an ambulance, where I was treated for a broken ankle, fractured collarbone, and 3 bruised ribs.My doctor advised complete bed rest for 6 weeks, and as a result, I have been unable to attend classes since March 11, 2001.I am concerned about keeping up with my studies, and have been doing the required readings, as assigned by you.My biggest concern is whether I will be able to participate the final class.Would you please advise me regarding my courses, specifically if there will be any special consideration given to me in light of my current situation? Thank you for your kind assistance.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely，Janet, Student No„ 题型总结：
对比观点选择题：4段 社会热点话题：3段 图表题： 书信题： 格言题：
描写叙述题： 完型填空 做题技巧
（一）Prep Tips for Cloze I．做题步骤：
1、通读全文，了解文章大意；文章两种模式：总分、对比；
2、初选答案（排除法、优选法）；
3、寻找线索；
4、回头补缺；
5、核实答案。
II．出题重点： 1．词语的辨析：
1）同义词； 2）反义词； 3）形近词；
形近词举例：Test 2...or down frightening hillsides to towns __87__ in deep valleys.87.A)lying B)laying C)laid D)lied 注：说谎：lie lied lied lying 躺：lie lay lain lying 放置，下蛋：lay laid laid laying 2．逻辑关系：
1）列举/种属关系：
such„as;especially;in particular;specifically;for example;for instance;likely;2）因果关系： because(for);due to;owing to;thanks to;since;for;as;for the reason that;seeing that;3）并列/递进：
besides;likewise;moreover;also;too;what’s more;apart from;except;furthermore;not noly„but also„.;in addition;4）转折/让步关系：
however;but;never the less;nonetheless;whereas;still;though;although;anyhow;anyway;in any case;yet;5）对比关系：
by contrast;in contrast;by comparison;like;as„as;on the
contrary;conversely;oppositely;„.than„.;逻辑关系举例1：Test 4 Sometimes homework is returned 76 brief written comments but without a grade.76.A)by B)in C)for D)with 逻辑关系举例2：Test 2 The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time.__71__ these wide modern roads are generally __72__ and well maintained, with __73__ sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most _ 75__ one.71.A)Although B)Since C)Because D)Therefore 72.A)stable B)splendid C)smooth D)complicated 73.A)little B)few C)much D)many 74.A)selections B)separations C)series D)sections 75.A)terrible B)possible C)enjoyable D)profitable 3．固定结构的识别：提高阅读的速度、对于内容有合理的预期、有利于总体把握文章：
either„or„;neither„nor„;too„to„;so„that„;not„until„;hardly„when„;no sooner„than„;not only„but also„ 固定结构举例：Test 3 76 geography books focus on a small area 77 a town or city.Others deal with a state, a region, a nation.Or an 78 continent.Many geography books deal with the whole earth.Another 79 to divide the study of 80 is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography.The former focuses on the natural world;the 81 starts with human beings and 82 how human beings and their environment act 83 each other.but when geography is considered as a single subject, 84 branch can neglect the other.76.A)Some B)Many C)Most D)Few 77.A)outside B)except C)as D)like 81.A)second B)later C)next D)latter 2． 搭配：
例如：a.+ n.;ad.+ v.;take advantage of„.;make use of„.等； 3． 动词用法：
1）主谓一致； 2）时态； 3）语态； 4）非谓语动词； 4． 介词用法：
1）介词与名词； 2）介词与动词； 3）介词与形容词；
第五篇：aduxkqz英_语四级短文听力技巧
、|
!_ 一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就这么忘记了..英语四级短文听力技巧
短文听力是四级听力考试中较难的一种题型，考生需要较高的听力理解能力。英语的听、说、读、写、译五个方面密不可分，听力能力的训练应和其他几个方面的训练结合起来进行。
一、命题特点
四级考试短文听力的命题特点主要包括：
1.形似阅读理解，难度相差悬殊。听力短文在形式上与阅读理解基本相同，都是根据材料所包含的信息回答后面提出的问题，但听力短文材料的难度比阅读理解小得多，只相当于一般的口语材料。因此考生完全没有必要被其外在形式吓倒。
2.短文播放时间固定，但有弹性时间可利用。虽然短文播放的时间及回答问题的时间是固定的，但播放听力录音之前有大约90秒的试音时间，且在播放短文之前要播放本题的指令部分（directions），这些时间都是可以利用的。
3.短文体裁较为固定，为做出正确判断提供了语境依据。听力短文多为说明文或叙述性小故事，材料较为通俗易懂，这使提前根据所给选项推断材料内容成为可能。
4.选项已知，可作为推断短文内容的依据。虽然材料的内容只播放一遍，但每小题的选项是提前给定的，考生可以根据选项所提供的信息，利用前面提到的弹性时间进行推断，为充分获取短文信息创造更加有利的条件。
5.各小题类型相对固定，有助于总结答题规律。多年来听力短文的试题类型是相对固定的，主要包括细节题、推断题、态度题、数字题、主旨题等。这给我们正确解题提供了启发和思路。
二、应试技巧
结合听力短文的命题特点，我们可总结出如下解题步骤：
首先，浏览已知选项，推断问题的内容和短文大意。在播放短文之前，我们可以利用弹性时间浏览各小题选项，推断短文的体裁和大致内容，为播放短文时充分获取信息做准备。另外，也可据此推断问题的类型甚至内容以便听录音时更有针对性。
其次，手眼脑并用，记录关键信息。播放短文录音期间要听记兼顾，以听为主。一篇短文就是一个信息群，完全靠大脑记忆所有的信息往往是很困难的。因此我们应该把获取的主要信息有选择性地记录下来，特别是有关细节，为做出正确选择做准备。需要特别注意的是这时“听”应该是第一位的，千万不要因为记录前面的信息而漏听后面的信息。
再次，针对不同题型采取相应的解题技巧。在播放问题时，考生要综合利用各种解题技巧做出正确选择。
1.细节题。细节题出题点无处不在，但这并不是说无规律可循。细节题的答案往往由first，most，because，in any case，as a matter of fact等副词或副词短语引出，考生在听短文时，除了要尽量听懂所有细节外，一定要更加留意这些词后面的相关信息。
2.推断题。多数推断题与每段的大意或短文的中心思想有关系，因此在听短文录音时我们一定要注意文章中间和结尾总结性的话，特别是每部分的最后一句话。我们对这些话加以分析，往往不难找到正确的答案。
3.态度题。态度题的选项往往是四个形容词，所以考生在播放短文录音之前判断出有态度题，在听录音时就应特别留心fortunately, luckily, unfortunately等这样的具感情色彩的可以反映出speaker的态度的词。speaker对于谈论的对象可能有双向评论，如果听不出speaker的态度方向，建议同学们选正面态度的，因为反驳的文章往往更为复杂。
4.数字题。数字题一般涉及时间、数量、年代等等。如果事先判断出有数字题，在听短文录音时就要特别留意相关数字并尽可能地记下来。而且对于Section B的解题对策要与Section A完全要反过来，即听到哪个数字就要选哪个数字，这里的数字不考运算。
5.主旨题。对于主旨题，我们可以从三方面来把握：一是从选项入手。选项中出现的多次重复的词一定是中心词（key word）。二是从短文入手，要特别注意文章的两头，尤其是文章的开头的两个句子最重要，很有可能成为主旨题的考点，具体需要听的是文章开头的名词。选答案时要优先选含有该名词的选项。三是从短文后面的问题入手，这样也可以提供中心词的线索。大多数的考题都问及的词一定就是此段的中心词。
最后，认真检验核对，不允许任何由于疏忽造成的失误。
把握命题特点和解题技巧固然重要，但这些都是“应急”措施，平时掌握扎实的基础知识，练就基本技能才是解题之根本。忽略平时的基本功训练片面追求所谓的解题技巧只能是舍本逐末。
三、解题技巧
（一）、不听而猜
适用于根本一点也听不懂的题、四个选项中：有唯一的一个结构比较复杂的选项，就是它；若有两个选项结构都比较复杂，那么含有从句（宾语从句多见）、并列或因果关系的句子优先选择。
2、四个选项的结构都比较简单的话，优先选择有更多修饰词的，机率更大一些。
3、四个选项中有特殊词的选项，例如：maybe、various、possible、variety、effect等（或者一些常考的高频词汇）则可能性比较大。
以上是“不听而猜”，其实选择题这种题型是鼓励大家去猜的，就算你什么也不会还有1/4的机会，掌握这些技巧尽量提高命中的机率，可达到百分之60~70的命中率！
（二）、根据听到的部分来猜 适用于大部分的考生，因为大部分的学生都是可以听到或者是听懂部分的单词乃至句子，但是连贯不起来，整个段落的意思还是不清楚，就可以使用这种技巧。
1、四个选项中只有一个单词听的懂，那就是答案。
2、四个选项中有两个选项都听到了，哪一个听到的更多些，哪个就是答案（这与对话部分技巧正好相反），也包括同义词的转换；
但是如果听到的部分与选项的含义明显不符，尤其是相反，比如选项是肯定的，而听到的是否定的，不可选，应用其它技巧；
集中听到的选项优先，这就是说比如你听到了3个单词，两个集中在一个选项中，那么选这个的可能性大。
3、四个选项有3个甚至4个都听到了，则根据题的位置和顺序来答题：
题的位置指的是第几题，是段落开头的，中间的，还是最后的，听到的顺序指的是先听到A还是B还是C还是D，将它们排一个表，例如： 11.(开头的)A 3 B 1 C 2 D 4 11题是开头的题,而且你先听到的是B,那么答案就是B;12.(中间的)A 3 B 1 C 2 D 4 12题是中间的题,那么你就不能选先听到的B和后听到的D,要在A和C中选一个;13.(最后的)A 3 B 1 C 2 D 4 13题是最后的题,而你最后听到的是D,理所当然选则D。
（三）、听力题中注意连接词：but、unfortunately、because
听力备考训练技巧
一般说来，短文听力备考训练必须抓住竖听和横听两点结合来进行。所谓竖听，是指一套题目从头听到尾，从第一题听到最后一题。所谓横听，是指把相同题材和体裁的文章放在一块对照比较着听，从而迅速抓住同类型文章的规律，真正做到以不变应万变。
例如，有关人物传记的文章在近几年的考题中共出现过两篇，1999年1月的passage1和1996年1月的passage1，把这两篇文章放在一起听，可以发现这类型文章都以介绍式写法开头，将记叙人物的姓名、出生年月、出生地点以及社会评价置于开头，以引起注意。这些内容往往会考到。而文章结尾部分则通常会提到该人物的重大成绩，评论其功过是非。文章一般用记叙的语言讲述人物的经历，较少有情节的描写或人物对话。通过这样反复对比听，可以使我们很快掌握人物传记题材文章的模式和考题思路，在短时间内抓住考点，做到举一反三。
笔者在此提供一套具体的短文听力训练办法：
考生可以在历年考题中选取10-20篇不同题材和不同体裁的文章，依据以下几个步骤，横竖结合来进行精听训练。
Step 1：第一遍听磁带时认真做题，对所选取的每段文章都认真仔细，注意时间，模拟考场氛围。做完以后还需注意统计对错个数，并分析选项设置特点，练习快速扫描选项的能力。
Step 2：脱离文字材料再听4-5遍磁带。此时绝对不允许照着文字材料听，应该反复使用录音机上的重复键，尽最大努力听懂全文内容。听第5遍或第6遍的时候，可以一边听一边将全文笔录下来，然后对照文字材料，看看笔录有什么问题，分析听不懂的原因，是语音、词汇还是语法？然后有的放矢地加以解决。
Step 3：在足够熟悉此段落中的内容后，打开文字材料，一边听录音一边看，并在段落中相应考点和问题答案，仔细体会，分析自己为什么被某些干扰项误导。
Step 4：跟着磁带大声朗读，以提高自己的语速。如果自己的语速能基本跟上听力材料的语速，再做同类型题目，困难就不大了。
另外，练习过程中有一些事项值得我们注意，请大家养成良好的习惯，尽量避免： 1.鸵鸟式听法。很多同学听力过程中没有动手的习惯，听就是听，在做题时才努力回忆与该题有关的信息。甚至有同学喜欢闭着眼睛听或者把头低下来，伏在桌子上听，并认为这样注意力更集中，但这样往往容易走神，听的效率非常低。
2.多而不精。对于已经听过的材料，很多同学都很少再听，这是一个错误的观念。片面追求练习的量，并不能有效提高做听力题时的悟性，必须用心去感受才能收到显著的效果。3.不愿对着文字材料大声朗读，认为听力就是听力，没有必要和朗读口语联系起来。其实听力考的是口头语言，口语提高了，听力也就自然而然上去了。同时朗读可以培养正确的语音语调，可以加强我们对文章的领悟力。
4.训练时间安排不得当。听力训练需要思想高度集中，故时间安排以每天精神最佳时候为宜。时间不宜过长,每次连续听半小时到一小时就可。另外，由于听力是一种习惯成自然的技巧训练，所以最好每天安排一段时间，切忌三天打鱼，两天晒网。
总之，四级短文听力并不可怕，如果我们能够宏观把握，平时坚持“用心去听”，我们肯定能够从不同角度、不同层次提高自己的英语语言能力
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