第一篇：2011成人高考英语模拟试题二
2011成人高考《英语》模拟试题及答案(2)
Ⅰ.Phonetics(10 points)
Directions:
In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letter combinations marked A, B, C and D.Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A.club B.tomb C.comb D.climb
2.A.food B.cool C.school D.flood
3.A.town B.how C.down D.snow
4.A.each B.peach C.break D.deal
5.A.hear B.fear C.dear D.wear
6.A.receive B.friend C.field D.piece
7.A.question B.notion C.exception D.vocation
8.A.exhaust B.exercise C.exam D.exact
9.A.where B.what C.whose D.white
10.A.switch B.hatch C.character D.match
Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure(40 points)
Directions:
There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11.Today is Jenny’s wedding day.She _______ to Thomas.A.just has got married B.has just married
C.was just married D.has just got married
12.Every officer and every soldier _______ obey the rules.A.had to B.have to C.has to D.must have to
13.Rarely _______ so difficult a problem.A.she could have faced with B.could have she faced with
C.she could have been faced with D.could she have been faced with
14.______ a dog on the road, the car stopped.A.Having seen B.On seeing C.The driver seeing D.Seeing
15.I asked my teacher _______.A.what courses should I take B.should I take what courses
C.I should take what courses D.what courses I should take
16.Comrade Li promised to help us and he said he would come ______.A.right away B.all at once C.all of a sudden D.all right
17.There aren’t many pandas ________ in the world today.A.alive B.living C.lively D.lived
18.Such electron tubes ________ in a radio set are also found in a TV set.A.that we use B.as we use C.as we use them D.that we use them
19.It _______ to me that he was jealous.A.happened B.took C.occurred D.felt
20.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______ to its burning temperature.A.were heated B.must be heated C.is heated D.be heated
21.Please ______ me at the station on time.A.meeting B.to meet C.meet D.met
22._______ “hello”, he reached out his hand.A.Said B.Saying C.To say D.Say
23.People are more _______ to spend money on goods with an attractive look than those without.A.attracted B.tempted C.persuaded D.tended
24.It was ______ he saw the doctor coming out of the emergeney room with an expression as grave as a judge _______ he realized the seriousness of his wife’s illness.A.not until…that B.after…when C.until…then D.before…that
25.Please telephone me half an hour _______.A.in charge B.in advance C.in time D.in front
26.Both Mary and Ellen, as well as Jan, _______ studying Chinese History.A.are B.is C.are being D.is being
27.I’d like to _______ him to you for the job.He is a very clever and industrious boy.A.refer B.suggest C.recommend D.propose
28.It ______ that 200 people died and over 5,000 lost their shelters after the flood.A.reported B.reports C.has been reported D.has reported
29.He was asked to speak louder ______ all the other students in the classroom could hear him.A.as B.so as to C.so that D.so as
30.His report on the space exploration was really ________.A.exciting B.excited C.excitement D.excitedly
31.Your chair needs _______.A.to repair B.repairing C.to repairing D.being repair
32.I hate to see papers _______ in pencil.A.writing B.to write C.written D.write
33.The job made her dependent _______ her husband.A.on B.from C.of D.to
34.This is the second time she ______ improvement on that equipment.A.had made B.made C.is making D.has made
35.He spoke so quickly that I did not ______ what he said.A.catch B.accept C.take D.listen
36._______determines a good meal varies from country to country.A.What B.That C.It D.Which
37.As the journey was a long one, he took a friend with him for ________.A.pleasure B.entertainment C.company D.defence
38.I suggest _______ for an outgoing this Sunday.A.us going B.we are going C.to go D.our going
39.We’ve ______ sugar.Ask him to lend us some.A.run away with B.run down C.run off D.run out of
40.It was in 1930 _______ he became a university student.A.when B.that C.which D.and
41.I am very _______ to you for your help.A.grateful B.agreeable C.pleased D.thanks
42.You _______ go now.It’s very late.A.had rather B.prefer to C.had better D.would rather
43.If I were you, I would take it easy, _______ is no need to be nervous.A.it B.this C.there D.which
44.Why not _______ me earlier?
A.to tell B.tell C.telling D.told
45.Joe’s handwriting is ________ Mary’s.A.more better B.as well as C.much better than D.more better than
46.The experiment _______ the discovery of a cure for cancer.A.happened to B.led up C.resulted in D.set up
47.To produce one pound of honey, a colony of bees must fly a distance _______ to twice around the world.A.similar B.equal C.compared D.corresponding
48.I did not mean ____ anything, but those apples looked so good I couldn’t resist ___one.A.to eat…trying B.to eat…to trying C.eating…to try D.eating…to trying
49.I had hardly sat down _______ he stepped in.A.when B.that C.until D.after
50.In his time he enjoyed a reputation _______.A.as great as Mozart, if not greater than B.as great as, if not greater than, Mozart
C.as great, if not greater, as Mozart D.greater, if not as great as Mozart
Ⅲ.Cloze(20 points)
Directions:
For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices given below and marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blankening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Robert Edwards was blinded in a traffic accident.He was also a little deaf _51_ old age.Last week, he was taking a walk near his home when a thunderstorm came.He hid _52_ the storm under a big tree and was struck by lightning.He was knocked _53_ the ground and woke up some 20 minutes _54_, lying face down in water in water below a tree.He went into the house and lay down in bed.A short time later, he awoke;his legs felt _55_ and he was trembling, but, when he opened his eyes, he could see the clock across the room fading in and out in front of him.When his wife entered, he _56_ her for the first time in nine years.Doctors _57_ that he had regained his sight
and hearing obviously from the flash of lightning, but they were unable to explain that.The only _58_ explanation offered by one doctor was that, _59_ Edwards lost his sight as a result of trauma in a terrible accident, perhaps the only way it could be restored was by _60_ trauma.51.A.because B.because of C.as D.since
52.A.from B.away C.against D.contrary
53.A.at B.in C.to D.on
54.A.late B.soon C.later D.after
55.A.dying B.dead C.die D.being died
56.A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.examined
57.A.say B.thought over C.made sure D.agreed to
58.A.possibly B.possible C.probably D.mainly
59.A.although B.because of C.even though D.since
60.A.others B.other C.another D.one other
Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension(60 points)
Directions:
There are four reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by five questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage One
In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things that could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones.Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal.Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light.Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.61.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
A.International Banking Policies B.The History of Monetary Exchange
C.The Development of Paper Currencies D.Current Problems in the Economy
62.According to the passage, which of the following was the earliest kind of exchange of wealth?
A.Bartered foods B.Fiat money C.Coin currency D.Intangible forms
63.The author mentions food, tools and precious metals and stones together because they are all ________.A.useful items B.articles of value
C.difficult things to obtain D.material objects
64.According to the passage, coins once had real value as currency because they ______.represented a great improvement over barter
permitted easy transportation of wealth
were made of precious metals
could become collector’s items
65.Which of the following statements about computerized monetary systems is NOT supported by the passage?
They promote international trade.They allow very rapid money transfers.They are still limited to small transactions(交易).They are dependent on good telecommunications systems.Passage Two
At the University of Kansas art museum, scientists tested the effect of different colored walls on two groups of visitors to an exhibit of paintings.For the first group the room was painted white;for the second, dark brown.Movement of each group was followed by an electrical equipment under the carpet.The experiment showed that those who entered the dark brown walked more quickly, covered more area, and spent less time in the room than people in the white one.Dark brown made people more active, but the activity ended sooner.Not only the choice of colors but also the general appearance of a room affects those inside.Another experiment presented people with photographs of faces whose energy was to be commented.Three groups of people were used;each was shown the same photos, but each group was in an ordinary room—a nice office.The third was in a tastefully designed living room with carpeting.Results showed that the people in the beautiful room tend to give higher marks to the faces than those in the ugly room did.Other studies that students do better on tests taken in comfortable room than in ordinary-looking or ugly rooms.66.Which of the following is the best expression of the main idea of this passage?
People in beautiful rooms tend to give higher marks to photos of faces than people in ugly rooms
The color and general appearance of a room have a deeper effect on the behavior of the people in it
The University of Kansas has studied the effects of the color of room on people’s behavior
Beautifully furnished, light-coloured rooms make people more comfortable than ugly, dark rooms
67.According to the passage, we may conclude that the whiter a room is ________.A.the longer people like to stay in it B.the sooner people in it will leave
C.the more active people in it will become D.the more excited people
68.What is referred to as the “general appearance” in this passage is ________.how many broad windows a room has, through which sunlight might come in
the size of a room
whether there are beautiful walls in a room
what the room looks like
69.This passage provides us with _______.A.a piece of scientific information B.a normal lesson
C.an interesting test D.a piece of news
70.At least how many tests were carried out by the scientists referred to in this passage?
A.Three B.Two C.Only one D.No one knows
Passage Three
The water we drink and use is running short in the world.We all have to learn how to stop wasting our limited water.One of the steps we should take is to find ways of reusing it.Experiments have already been done in this field.Today in most large cities, fresh water is used only once, then it runs into waste system.But it is possible to pipe the used water to a purifying factory.There it can be filtered and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again, just as it were fresh from a spring.But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough.Then we could turn to the oceans.All we’d have to do to make use of the seawater on earth is to get rid of the salt.This process is called desalinization, and it is already in use in many parts of the world.71.The way to stop wasting our limited water is to ________.A.do experiments with water B.purify the used water and reuse it
C.use fresh water once again D.make use of seawater
72.The following tells us how to reuse the used water.Which is the right order of the passage?
A.to have the used water filtered B.to put chemicals in it
C.to pipe it to the users D.to pipe the used water to be purified to a factory
73.There wouldn’t be enough water for us if we didn’t _________.A.turn to the oceans for more water B.reuse used water and make use of seawater
C.desalt seawater D.take steps to reuse all water on earth
74.The would “it” in the last sentence refers to _______.A.seawater B.purified water
C.the process of getting rid of the salt in seawater
D.the process of collecting salt from the sea oceans
75.The best title for the passage is “_______”.A.How to Reuse Water
B.Two Solutions to the Problem of Water Shortage
C.Stop Wasting Our Limited Water
D.How to Make Use of Seawater
Passage Four
Some people hate everything that is modern.They cannot imagine how anyone can really like modern music;they find it hard to accept the new fashions in clothing;they think that all modern painting is ugly;and they seldom have a good word for the new buildings that are being built everywhere in the world.Such people look for perfection in everything, and they take their standards of perfection from the past.They are usually impatient with anyone who is brave enough to experiment with new or to express himself or the age in materials original ways.It is, of course, true that many artists do not succeed in their work and instead produce works that can only be considered as failures.If the work of art is a painting, the artist’s failure concerns himself alone, but if it is a building, his failure concerns others too, because it may damage the beauty of the whole place.This does sometimes happen, but it is completely untrue to say, as some people do, that modern architecture is nothing.We can’t judge every modern building by the standards of the ancient time, even though we admire the ancient buildings.Technologically, the modern buildings are
more advanced.The modern architect knows he should learn from the ancient works, but with his greater resources of knowledge and materials, he will never be content to imitate the past.He is too proud to do that.76.Some people hate everything that is modern because _______.A.they are aged B.they find it hard to accept modern things
C.they take their standards of perfection from the Greek
D.they look at things by the standards of the past
77.The writer of the passage thinks that ________.it is true to say artists fail in their work
it is untrue to say artists fail in their work
it is true to say some artists fail in their work
it is true to say only painters fail in their work
78.The writer thinks the failure of a building _______.A.means nothing B.concerns others
C.concerns only the artist D.concerns all the people in the world
79.The writer thinks that _________.we can’t judge buildings by the ancient standards
we can’t judge all the buildings by the ancient standards
we can’t judge all the modern buildings by the ancient standards
we can’t judge modern buildings
80.Technologically, the modern buildings are more advanced.The sentence means _____.the ancient architects had no technology
the modern architects use more advanced technology
the modern buildings are advanced because they are completely different from the ancient buildings
the modern buildings are more beautiful
Ⅴ.Writing(20 points)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 20 minutes to write a short composition of about 80 words on the title: Where to Live-in the City or in the Country? Base your composition on the outline given below.1.一些人喜欢住在城市，因为城市生活有许多便利。
2.但有些人喜欢住在农村。
3.我认为，……
参考答案
Ⅰ.Phonetics
1.A 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A
8.B 9.C 10.C
Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure
11.D 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.D 16.A 17.A
18.B 19.C 20.D 21.C 22.B 23.B 24.A
25.B 26.A 27.C 28.C 29.C 30.A 31.B
32.C 33.A 34.D 35.A 36.A 37.C 38.D
39.D 40.B 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.B 45.C
46.C 47.B 48.A 49.A 50.B
Ⅲ.Cloze
51.B 52.A 53.D 54.C 55.B 56.A 57.C
58.B 59.D 60.C
Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension
61.B 62.A 63.D 64.C 65.C 66.B 67.A
68.D 69.A 70.A 71.B 72.A 73.B 74.C
75.B 76.D 77.C 78.B 79.C 80.B
Ⅴ.Writing
Where to live —in the City or in the Country
Some people like living in the city because city life has many advantages.They think there are more job opportunities in cities, life there is more colorful and meaningful than that in the country, and there are more modern conveniences in cities for people to enjoy.But some other people prefer to live in the countryside.They say life in the countryside is closer to nature and better for their health, life there is quieter and that country people are more honest than city people.相信能就一定能
学习使人进步，相信能就一定能成功
I would like to live in a city when I am young to earn enough money and I live in the countryside when I am old for having a quite life.
第二篇：2016成人高考英语模拟试题
2016成人高考《英语》模拟试题及答案
Ⅰ.Phonetics(10 points)
Directions:
In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letter combinations marked A, B, C and D.Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A.club B.tomb C.comb D.climb
2.A.food B.cool C.school D.flood
3.A.town B.how C.down D.snow
4.A.each B.peach C.break D.deal
5.A.hear B.fear C.dear D.wear
6.A.receive B.friend C.field D.piece
7.A.question B.notion C.exception D.vocation
8.A.exhaust B.exercise C.exam D.exact
9.A.where B.what C.whose D.white
10.A.switch B.hatch C.character D.match
Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure(40 points)
Directions:
There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11.Today is Jenny’s wedding day.She _______ to Thomas.A.just has got married B.has just married
C.was just married D.has just got married
12.Every officer and every soldier _______ obey the rules.A.had to B.have to C.has to D.must have to
13.Rarely _______ so difficult a problem.A.she could have faced with B.could have she faced with
C.she could have been faced with D.could she have been faced with
14.______ a dog on the road, the car stopped.A.Having seen B.On seeing C.The driver seeing D.Seeing
15.I asked my teacher _______.A.what courses should I take B.should I take what courses
C.I should take what courses D.what courses I should take
16.Comrade Li promised to help us and he said he would come ______.A.right away B.all at once C.all of a sudden D.all right
17.There aren’t many pandas ________ in the world today.A.alive B.living C.lively D.lived
18.Such electron tubes ________ in a radio set are also found in a TV set.A.that we use B.as we use C.as we use them D.that we use them
19.It _______ to me that he was jealous.A.happened B.took C.occurred D.felt
20.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______ to its burning temperature.A.were heated B.must be heated C.is heated D.be heated
21.Please ______ me at the station on time.A.meeting B.to meet C.meet D.met
22._______ “hello”, he reached out his hand.A.Said B.Saying C.To say D.Say
23.People are more _______ to spend money on goods with an attractive look than those without.A.attracted B.tempted C.persuaded D.tended
24.It was ______ he saw the doctor coming out of the emergeney room with an expression as grave as a judge _______ he realized the seriousness of his wife’s illness.A.not until…that B.after…when C.until…then D.before…that
25.Please telephone me half an hour _______.A.in charge B.in advance C.in time D.in front
26.Both Mary and Ellen, as well as Jan, _______ studying Chinese History.A.are B.is C.are being D.is being
27.I’d like to _______ him to you for the job.He is a very clever and industrious boy.A.refer B.suggest C.recommend D.propose
28.It ______ that 200 people died and over 5,000 lost their shelters after the flood.A.reported B.reports C.has been reported D.has reported
29.He was asked to speak louder ______ all the other students in the classroom could hear him.A.as B.so as to C.so that D.so as
30.His report on the space exploration was really ________.A.exciting B.excited C.excitement D.excitedly
31.Your chair needs _______.A.to repair B.repairing C.to repairing D.being repair
32.I hate to see papers _______ in pencil.A.writing B.to write C.written D.write
33.The job made her dependent _______ her husband.A.on B.from C.of D.to
34.This is the second time she ______ improvement on that equipment.A.had made B.made C.is making D.has made
35.He spoke so quickly that I did not ______ what he said.A.catch B.accept C.take D.listen
36._______determines a good meal varies from country to country.A.What B.That C.It D.Which
37.As the journey was a long one, he took a friend with him for ________.A.pleasure B.entertainment C.company D.defence
38.I suggest _______ for an outgoing this Sunday.A.us going B.we are going C.to go D.our going
39.We’ve ______ sugar.Ask him to lend us some.A.run away with B.run down C.run off D.run out of
40.It was in 1930 _______ he became a university student.A.when B.that C.which D.and
41.I am very _______ to you for your help.A.grateful B.agreeable C.pleased D.thanks
42.You _______ go now.It’s very late.A.had rather B.prefer to C.had better D.would rather
43.If I were you, I would take it easy, _______ is no need to be nervous.A.it B.this C.there D.which
44.Why not _______ me earlier?
A.to tell B.tell C.telling D.told
45.Joe’s handwriting is ________ Mary’s.A.more better B.as well as C.much better than D.more better than
46.The experiment _______ the discovery of a cure for cancer.A.happened to B.led up C.resulted in D.set up
47.To produce one pound of honey, a colony of bees must fly a distance _______ to twice around the world.A.similar B.equal C.compared D.corresponding
48.I did not mean ____ anything, but those apples looked so good I couldn’t resist ___one.A.to eat…trying B.to eat…to trying C.eating…to try D.eating…to trying
49.I had hardly sat down _______ he stepped in.A.when B.that C.until D.after
50.In his time he enjoyed a reputation _______.A.as great as Mozart, if not greater than B.as great as, if not greater than, Mozart
C.as great, if not greater, as Mozart D.greater, if not as great as Mozart
Ⅲ.Cloze(20 points)
Directions:
For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices given below and marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blankening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Robert Edwards was blinded in a traffic accident.He was also a little deaf _51_ old age.Last week, he was taking a walk near his home when a thunderstorm came.He hid _52_ the storm under a big tree and was struck by lightning.He was knocked _53_ the ground and woke up some 20 minutes _54_, lying face down in water in water below a tree.He went into the house and lay down in bed.A short time later, he awoke;his legs felt _55_ and he was trembling, but, when he opened his eyes, he could see the clock across the room fading in and out in front of him.When his wife entered, he _56_ her for the first time in nine years.Doctors _57_ that he had regained his sight
and hearing obviously from the flash of lightning, but they were unable to explain that.The only _58_ explanation offered by one doctor was that, _59_ Edwards lost his sight as a result of trauma in a terrible accident, perhaps the only way it could be restored was by _60_ trauma.51.A.because B.because of C.as D.since
52.A.from B.away C.against D.contrary
53.A.at B.in C.to D.on
54.A.late B.soon C.later D.after
55.A.dying B.dead C.die D.being died
56.A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.examined
57.A.say B.thought over C.made sure D.agreed to
58.A.possibly B.possible C.probably D.mainly
59.A.although B.because of C.even though D.since
60.A.others B.other C.another D.one other
Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension(60 points)
Directions:
There are four reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by five questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage One
In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things that could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones.Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal.Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light.Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.61.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
A.International Banking Policies B.The History of Monetary Exchange
C.The Development of Paper Currencies D.Current Problems in the Economy
62.According to the passage, which of the following was the earliest kind of exchange of wealth?
A.Bartered foods B.Fiat money C.Coin currency D.Intangible forms
63.The author mentions food, tools and precious metals and stones together because they are all ________.A.useful items B.articles of value
C.difficult things to obtain D.material objects
64.According to the passage, coins once had real value as currency because they ______.represented a great improvement over barter
permitted easy transportation of wealth
were made of precious metals
could become collector’s items
65.Which of the following statements about computerized monetary systems is NOT supported by the passage?
They promote international trade.They allow very rapid money transfers.They are still limited to small transactions(交易).They are dependent on good telecommunications systems.Passage Two
At the University of Kansas art museum, scientists tested the effect of different colored walls on two groups of visitors to an exhibit of paintings.For the first group the room was painted white;for the second, dark brown.Movement of each group was followed by an electrical equipment under the carpet.The experiment showed that those who entered the dark brown walked more quickly, covered more area, and spent less time in the room than people in the white one.Dark brown made people more active, but the activity ended sooner.Not only the choice of colors but also the general appearance of a room affects those inside.Another experiment presented people with photographs of faces whose energy was to be commented.Three groups of people were used;each was shown the same photos, but each group was in an ordinary room—a nice office.The third was in a tastefully designed living room with carpeting.Results showed that the people in the beautiful room tend to give higher marks to the faces than those in the ugly room did.Other studies that students do better on tests taken in comfortable room than in ordinary-looking or ugly rooms.66.Which of the following is the best expression of the main idea of this passage?
People in beautiful rooms tend to give higher marks to photos of faces than people in ugly rooms
The color and general appearance of a room have a deeper effect on the behavior of the people in it
The University of Kansas has studied the effects of the color of room on people’s behavior
Beautifully furnished, light-coloured rooms make people more comfortable than ugly, dark rooms
67.According to the passage, we may conclude that the whiter a room is ________.A.the longer people like to stay in it B.the sooner people in it will leave
C.the more active people in it will become D.the more excited people
68.What is referred to as the “general appearance” in this passage is ________.how many broad windows a room has, through which sunlight might come in
the size of a room
whether there are beautiful walls in a room
what the room looks like
69.This passage provides us with _______.A.a piece of scientific information B.a normal lesson
C.an interesting test D.a piece of news
70.At least how many tests were carried out by the scientists referred to in this passage?
A.Three B.Two C.Only one D.No one knows
Passage Three
The water we drink and use is running short in the world.We all have to learn how to stop wasting our limited water.One of the steps we should take is to find ways of reusing it.Experiments have already been done in this field.Today in most large cities, fresh water is used only once, then it runs into waste system.But it is possible to pipe the used water to a purifying factory.There it can be filtered and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again, just as it were fresh from a spring.But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough.Then we could turn to the oceans.All we’d have to do to make use of the seawater on earth is to get rid of the salt.This process is called desalinization, and it is already in use in many parts of the world.71.The way to stop wasting our limited water is to ________.A.do experiments with water B.purify the used water and reuse it
C.use fresh water once again D.make use of seawater
72.The following tells us how to reuse the used water.Which is the right order of the passage?
A.to have the used water filtered B.to put chemicals in it
C.to pipe it to the users D.to pipe the used water to be purified to a factory
73.There wouldn’t be enough water for us if we didn’t _________.A.turn to the oceans for more water B.reuse used water and make use of seawater
C.desalt seawater D.take steps to reuse all water on earth
74.The would “it” in the last sentence refers to _______.A.seawater B.purified water
C.the process of getting rid of the salt in seawater
D.the process of collecting salt from the sea oceans
75.The best title for the passage is “_______”.A.How to Reuse Water
B.Two Solutions to the Problem of Water Shortage
C.Stop Wasting Our Limited Water
D.How to Make Use of Seawater
Passage Four
Some people hate everything that is modern.They cannot imagine how anyone can really like modern music;they find it hard to accept the new fashions in clothing;they think that all modern painting is ugly;and they seldom have a good word for the new buildings that are being built everywhere in the world.Such people look for perfection in everything, and they take their standards of perfection from the past.They are usually impatient with anyone who is brave enough to experiment with new or to express himself or the age in materials original ways.It is, of course, true that many artists do not succeed in their work and instead produce works that can only be considered as failures.If the work of art is a painting, the artist’s failure concerns himself alone, but if it is a building, his failure concerns others too, because it may damage the beauty of the whole place.This does sometimes happen, but it is completely untrue to say, as some people do, that modern architecture is nothing.We can’t judge every modern building by the standards of the ancient time, even though we admire the ancient buildings.Technologically, the modern buildings are
more advanced.The modern architect knows he should learn from the ancient works, but with his greater resources of knowledge and materials, he will never be content to imitate the past.He is too proud to do that.76.Some people hate everything that is modern because _______.A.they are aged B.they find it hard to accept modern things
C.they take their standards of perfection from the Greek
D.they look at things by the standards of the past
77.The writer of the passage thinks that ________.it is true to say artists fail in their work
it is untrue to say artists fail in their work
it is true to say some artists fail in their work
it is true to say only painters fail in their work
78.The writer thinks the failure of a building _______.A.means nothing B.concerns others
C.concerns only the artist D.concerns all the people in the world
79.The writer thinks that _________.we can’t judge buildings by the ancient standards
we can’t judge all the buildings by the ancient standards
we can’t judge all the modern buildings by the ancient standards
we can’t judge modern buildings
80.Technologically, the modern buildings are more advanced.The sentence means _____.the ancient architects had no technology
the modern architects use more advanced technology
the modern buildings are advanced because they are completely different from the ancient buildings
the modern buildings are more beautiful
Ⅴ.Writing(20 points)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 20 minutes to write a short composition of about 80 words on the title: Where to Live-in the City or in the Country? Base your composition on the outline given below.1.一些人喜欢住在城市，因为城市生活有许多便利。
2.但有些人喜欢住在农村。
3.我认为，……
参考答案
Ⅰ.Phonetics
1.A 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A
8.B 9.C 10.C
Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure
11.D 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.D 16.A 17.A
18.B 19.C 20.D 21.C 22.B 23.B 24.A
25.B 26.A 27.C 28.C 29.C 30.A 31.B
32.C 33.A 34.D 35.A 36.A 37.C 38.D
39.D 40.B 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.B 45.C
46.C 47.B 48.A 49.A 50.B
Ⅲ.Cloze
51.B 52.A 53.D 54.C 55.B 56.A 57.C
58.B 59.D 60.C
Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension
61.B 62.A 63.D 64.C 65.C 66.B 67.A
68.D 69.A 70.A 71.B 72.A 73.B 74.C
75.B 76.D 77.C 78.B 79.C 80.B
Ⅴ.Writing
Where to live —in the City or in the Country
Some people like living in the city because city life has many advantages.They think there are more job opportunities in cities, life there is more colorful and meaningful than that in the country, and there are more modern conveniences in cities for people to enjoy.But some other people prefer to live in the countryside.They say life in the countryside is closer to nature and better for their health, life there is quieter and that country people are more honest than city people.I would like to live in a city when I am young to earn enough money and I live in the countryside when I am old for having a quite life.
第三篇：2009年成人高考高起点英语模拟试题二
成人高考网络在线视频学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
一、语音知识（共5小题；每题1.5分，共7.5分。）
在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。找出这个词，并把它前面的大写字母填入左边括号里。
（）1.A.either B.fail C.decide D.try
（）2.A.curtain B.paint C.sail D.straight
（）3.A.country B.courage C.pronounce D.double
（）4.A.carriage B.idiom C.immediate D.material
（）5.A.neither B.thirsty C.through D.thousand
二、词汇与语法知识（共25小题；每题1.5分，共37.5分。）
从每个小题的四个选项中，选出最佳的一项，并把它前面的大写字母填入左边的括弧里。
（）6.What would you ________ to eat tonight？
A.like
B.wish
C.want
D.hope
（）7.I ________ my bicycle on the left side.A.get off from
B.get down
C.get down from
D.get off
（）8.Coal ________ electricity very often.A.is used to producing
B.is used to produce
C.used to produce
D.used to producing
（）9.Why can‘t you do this small _______ for me？ I’ve helped you often enough in the past.A.work
B.demand
C.favour
D.good
（）10.Never _______ till tomorrow what may be done today.A.put on
B.put away
C.put off
D.put up 成人高考网络在线视频学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
（）11.Mother kept inviting Mrs.Smith to stay for lunch，and finally she _______.A.gave out
B.gave off
C.gave in
D.gave away
（）12.France is ________ only European country I have visited.A.an
B.a
C.the
D.不填
（）13.The problem of pollution in this city is more serious than ______ in other cities.A.that
B.it
C.this
D.those
（）14.Dick found himself walking _______ the direction of the post office.A.to
B.by
C.along
D.in
（）15._______ that we were late，we started to run.A.Know
B.To know
C.Knowing
D.Being known
（）16.This room is _______ any of the others in the building.A.the biggest than
B.big as
C.bigger than
D.the biggest of
（）17.Just think Ann got the house _______ all by herself！
A.paint
B.be painted
C.to paint
D.painted 成人高考网络在线视频学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
（）18.The policeman caught the man _________ the arm.A.by
B.with
C.on
D.at
（）19.To get an education，_______.A.one must work hard
B.working hard is important
C.to work hard is necessary
D.it is needed to work hard
（）20.The old man could not decide ________ the money or to put it in the bank.A.if he spent
B.whether to spend
C.that he spent
D.what to spend
（）21.I wish you‘d consider _______ to Miami with us this vacation.A.going
B.that you‘ll go
C.to go
D.to going
（）22.I think I‘ll wait until the mail _______.A.should come
B.is coming
C.comes
D.will come
（）23.We found ________.A.the work hard for doing
B.hard to do the work
C.it hard for doing the work
D.the work hard to do
（）24.Professor Bixby warned his students ________ late for the examination.A.not be
B.to be not
C.not to be
D.be not
（）25.I don‘t know what I’d have done if I _______ to make that decision.成人高考网络在线视频学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
A.would have
B.had had
C.have had
D.did have
（）26.I don‘t know how to play bridge and ________.A.my wife doesn‘t neither
B.my wife does either
C.neither does my wife
D.neither my wife does
（）27.He asked ________ since he had been chairman for seven years.A.not to have been re-elected
B.to not be re-elected
C.not to be re-elected
D.to have not been re-elected
（）28.The guests said that they wouldn‘t mind _______.A.to have a little light music
B.have a little light music
C.having a little light music
D.that they have a little light music
（）29.Last night we caught a thief _______ John‘s car.A.when stealing
B.that be stole
C.to steal
D.stealing
（）30.Without the invention of writing，a man ________ to remember so many things which he can write down or find in a book.A.is forced
B.will be forced
C.forced
D.would be forced
三、完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，共30分。）
通读下面的短文，掌握其大意。从每小题的四个选项中选出可填入相应空白出的最佳选择，并把它前面的大写字母填入左边括弧里。
The common cold is familiar to everyone.People often catch cold in __31_ winter or spring.They may __32_ catch cold at other times __33_ the year.A person with __34_ bad cold usually buys some __35_ of medicine.Pharmacies have many __36_ for a cold.However，doctors __37_ that these medicines do not __38_ very much.They 成人高考网络在线视频学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
that __39_ person with a bad cold __40_ stay in bad，keep warm，and drink a lot of water.In 1928 an English doctor was working in his laboratory in London hospital.The doctor‘s name _41_ Alexander Fleming.One day he _42_ a tiny bit of mold（?）_43_ a dish that he was _44_ in his work.He started _45_ throw the mold away.Then _46_ noticed that it seemed unusual.He _47_ the mold and studied _48_ for a long time.He _49_ that it could kill germs.He _50_ it penicillin.（）31.A.a B.the C.some D.none
（）32.A.too B.also C.to D.still
（）33.A.at B.from C.of D.on
（）34.A.some B.a C.one D.the
（）35.A.kind B.set C.quantity D.deal
（）36.A.medicine B.much C.medicines D.doctors
（）37.A.tell B.speak C.talk D.say
（）38.A.helps B.help C.helping D.helped
（）39.A.many B.some C.a D.one
（）40.A.ought B.shall C.to D.should
（）41.A.is B.was C.called D.be
（）42.A.finding B.founded C.found D.finds
（）43.A.in B.among C.above D.into
（）44.A.playing B.using C.cooking D.making
（）45.A.to B.and C.but D.by
（）46.A.she B.Dr C.it D.he
（）47.A.kept B.keeps C.keep D.keeping
（）48.A.them B.mold C.it D.him
（）49.A.knew B.studied C.invented D.discovered
（）50.A.calls B.named C.made D.liked
四、阅读理解（共15小题；每题2分，共30分。）
阅读下列短文，然后根据短文的内容从每小题的四个选择项中选出最佳的一项，并把它前面的大写字母填入左边的括弧里。
A
It was January 1848.A man was digging near the small village of San Francisco，California，Suddenly，he saw something shinygold.By the next year the California gold rush had begun.Thousands of men came to California.They were called “forty-miners” after the year 1849.The forty-miners came from all around the USA.They even came from other countries，including Mexico，Australia，China，France，and England.They left their families and jobs，and 成人高考网络在线视频学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
made the difficult trip to California.They all shared a dream.They all wanted to make a fortune in gold.Towns and camps grew quickly wherever gold was found.These towns were rough places.There was almost always a saloon，where the men drank whiskey and gambled at cards.In mining towns，men stole and sometimes killed for gold.Did the miners make their fortune？ Some did，especially those who came early were lucky.In 1848，miners usually made about twenty dollars a day.In 1852 miners made about six dollars a day.Many other people came to California to make money from the miners.Prices were very high.A loaf of bread，which cost five cents in New York，cost almost a dollar in San Francisco.In 1848 San Francisco had been a village.Six years later it was a city with a population of 50，000.In 1850 California had enough people to become a state.（）51.In 1849 thousands of men came to California because _______.A.they were forty-miners
B.they wanted to find gold
C.they had families
D.California was a beautiful place
（）52.Towns and camps _________.A.grew quickly
B.grew where there was a saloon
C.grew where there was no gold
D.grew fast wherever there was gold
（）53.Some of the miners who were lucky _________.A.made twenty dollars
B.made their fortune
C.made bread
D.became poor
（）54.The towns of the old West were rough places ________.A.where people fought a lot
B.where there are mountains
C.where there is no water
D.with irregular land
B
Baseball is America‘s most popular sport.In a baseball game there are two teams of nine players.Players must hit ball with a bat and then run around four bases.A player who goes around all the bases scores a run for his team.The team that finishes with more runs wins the game.成人高考网络在线视频学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
Where did baseball come from？ No one knows for sure.Many people believe that the idea came from a game played by children in England.Other people believe that a man named Abner Doubleday invented the game in Cooperstown，New York，in 1839.But the first real rules of baseball were written in 1845 by Alexander Cartwright.Two teams from New York played a game following Cartwright‘s rules.The rules worked well.Soon there were many teams.These early teams were not professional.They played only for fun，not money.But baseball was very popular from the start.Businessmen saw that they could make money with professional baseball teams.The first professional team was started in 1869.This team was the Red Stockings of Cincinati.Within a few years there were professional teams in other cities.In 1876，these teams came together in a league，or group，called the National League.The teams in the National League played one another.In 1901，a new league，called the American League，was formed.To create some excitement，in 1903，the two leagues decided to have their first-place teams play each other.This event was called the World Series.Each year since then the National League winner and the American League winner play in the World Series.And，each year，millions of people look forward to this exciting sports event.（）55.A group of people that play together is _________.A.a team
B.a league
C.a game
D.a player
（）56.A wooden stick used to hit a ball in baseball is called ________.A.a ball
B.a sport
C.a bat
D.a stick
（）57.When a player runs around all four bases he makes ________.A.a four
B.a winner
C.a run
D.a game
（）58.When teams play sports for money they are ________.A.businessmen
B.fun 成人高考网络在线视频学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
C.professional
D.amateur
C
Legend tells us that the city of Rome was established in 152 BC.It‘s a fact，however，that by 100 AD，Rome was the center of a vast empire.It ranged from Syria in the east to Spain in the west.It stretched from Britain in the north to Africa in the south.All or part of 27 of today’s countries were included in the Roman Empire.All of their people were ruled by one government，that of Rome.All educated citizens spoke the same language，Latin.And one of the empire‘s many outposts was called Londinium.This unimportant town would later become London，England，and the center of another empire.The Roman Empire collapsed about 1，5000 years ago.Yet in some ways，it is still with us.Take the letters you are reading fox example.English，like many other languages，uses the Roman alphabet while also borrowing many word.The laws of many European countries are based on ancient Roman laws.Roman ruins are scattered throughout Europe，North Africa，and the Middle East.In some places，Roman roads and water courses are still in use.To this day，and European in North Africa is likely to be called “Roumi”Roman.Even modern place names are often inherited from ancient Rome.Both Greece and Germany bear the names given them by the Romans rather than the names that their own people first called them.（）59.The most northern part of the Roman Empire was _______.A.Spain
B.Africa
C.Syria
D.Britain
（）60.The main idea of paragraph 2 is that Roman culture is ________.A.dead and buried
B.based completely on language
C.still part of the present
D.unimportant to history
（）61.In the days of the Empire，the Roman government was probably _______.A.strong
B.divided
C.weak
D.poor
（）62.What happened first？
成人高考网络在线视频学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
A.Londinium was an outpost
B.The Roman Empire fell apart.C.The city of Rome was founded.D.London became the center of an empire.D
When water is heated until it boils，bubbles of gas appear and rise through the hot liquid.When an electric current passes through water in a process called electrolysis（?解），bubbles of gas appear and rise through the liquid.Superficially（表面地），the two events appear same.If the gas from the boiling water is examined，its properties are found to be the same as those of the water，Thus，if the steam is cooled to room temperature，a liquid is formed which is indistinguishable from the original water.When，however，the gas from the electrolysis equipment is cooled to room temperature，it remains a gas rather than becoming a liquid.Nor will it，at zero degrees centigrade or below，turn to solid，as will the gas from boiling water，These two processes，boiling and electrolysis，have clearly resulted in products with quite different properties.In boiling，the gas does not represent a new substance，but only a different state of the original substance.Electrolysis，on the other hand，has generated a product which is a new substance，or possibly a mixture of new substances.A change in state as represented by going from a liquid to a gas without the production of new substances in called a “physical change”。However，when a process takes place that produces new substances，this is called a “chemical change” or a “chemical reaction”。In a chemical reaction，the initial substances are replaced by a new set of substances or products.（）63.Which of the following is the best title for this passage？
A.Electrolysis
B.Physical and Chemical Changes
C.Different Types of Water
D.Water Temperatures
（）64.At a temperature slightly above zero degrees centigrade，which of the following is true of gas produced by electrolysis？
A.It does not become liquid.B.It cannot be distinguished from water.C.It becomes a solid.D.It expands greatly.（）65.The passage is developed in the way of ________.成人高考网络在线视频学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
A.argumentation
B.narration
C.comparison
D.listing examples
五、补全对话（共5句；每句满分为3分，共15分。）
根据中文提示，将对话中缺少的内容写在线上。这些句子必须符合英语表达习惯，打句号的地方，用陈述句；打问号的地方，用疑问句。
提示：Wilson太太的丈夫生病了，发烧，头疼德厉害。她打电话给格林医生，请他们到家里来一趟。格林医生简单询问情况后，答应马上就到。
Mr.Wilson：Hello，this is Alice.Is Dr.Green there？
Dr.Green ：Yes，_________66________.Mr.Wilson：Dr.Green，sorry to call you up at this time of the day.But my husband is very sick.I am rather worried._________67_________？
Dr.Green ：Yes，certainly._________68_________？ It will help me to decide what to prepare before I come.Mr.Wilson：Well，I can‘t tell exactly，but _________69_________.Dr.Green ：All right then.Don‘t worry.Keep him in bed._________70_________.Mr.Wilson：I‘ll do that，Dr.Green.See you soon.Dr.Green ：See you.六、书面表达（共30分）
提示：请根据以下平面图写一篇短文向人介绍你们学校。
注意：（1）要包括图中所有内容，且叙述要连贯；
（2）词数为100左右。
参考答案
一、语音知识
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.A
二、词汇与语法知识
6.A 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.C
13.A 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.D 18.A 19.A
20.B 21.A 22.C 23.D 24.C 25.B 26.C
27.C 28.C 29.D 30.D
三、完形填空
31.B 32.B 33.C 34.B 35.A 36.C 37.D
38.B 39.C 40.D 41.B 42.C 43.A 44.B
45.A 46.D 47.A 48.C 49.D 50.B
四、阅读理解
51.B 52.D 53.B 54.A 55.A 56.C 57.C 成人高考网络在线视频学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
58.C 59.D 60.C 61.A 62.C 63.B 64.A
65.B
五、补全对话
66.Speaking
Dr.Green speaking
this is Dr.Green speaking
67.Could you come to my（/our）home
68.What‘s the matter with him
What‘s wrong with him
69.he has a fever（/temperature）and a terrible（/bad）headache
he‘s running a fever and having a terrible（/bad）headache
70.I‘ll be there（/in your house）in a few minutes（/in a moment/soon/ immediately/ right away）
六、书面表达
Our school is large and beautiful.When you enter the school gate，you can see a magnificent building.It‘s our teaching building.We have our classes there.Behind the teaching building there is a small garden with a lot of flowers and a fountain.On the left side of the garden there is an experiment building.We do our physics and chemistry experiments there.On the right side there is another two ? storeyed building.You can find several language labs and computer rooms in it.At the back of the schoolyard is our library.It is full of various books and magazines.On the west end is the playground，where we spend most of our time after school.On the east end you can see a few dormitory buildings.They are both for students and teachers.Our dining hall is located among them.
第四篇：2011成人高考《英语》模拟试题及答案
2011成人高考《英语》模拟试题及答案(3)
Ⅰ.Phonetics(10 points)
Directions:
In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letter combinations marked A, B, C and D.Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A.mark B.warm C.ward D.war
2.A.three B.those C.thank D.theatre
3.A.wind B.kind C.find D.mind
4.A.plant B.craft C.grasp D.at
5.A.now B.knowledge C.bow D.allow
6.A.says B.plays C.stays D.days
7.A.leave B.scream C.head D.lead
8.A.resemble B.resist C.resolve D.respect
9.A.fault B.daughter C.cause D.laugh
10.A.crew B.new C.few D.dew
Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure(40 points)
Directions:
There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11.Which is ______ country, the United States or Canada?
A.a larger B.larger C.the larger D.the largest
12.The silk feels ________.A.soft B.softly C.softness D.softy
13.Two nuclear power stations _______ in the past ten years.A.are built B.have been built C.would be built D.are building
14.They kept on ______ till they got to the foot of the hill.A.to run B.running C.runing D.run
15.There is much work to do, _______?
A.isn’t it B.is there C.isn’t there D.is it
16._______ as he is, he can’t understand the English film.A.A student of English B.Though a student of English
C.Student of English D.Being a student of English
17.The old in the country _______ taken good care of.A.have B.has C.is D.are
18.Not a single mistake _______ in the test.A.he made B.did he make C.he has made D.made he
19.______ my surprise, I got a high grade in this test.A.For B.To C.To be D.On
20.She never agree _______ you, did she?
A.to B.with C.in D.at
21.Would you mind _______ a photo of you?
A.me take B.to take C.my taking D.me to take
22.The lady treats the boy well as if he ______ her own son.A.is B.was C.were D.would be
23._______ round the city, we were impressed by the city’s new look.A.Taken B.Taking C.To be taken D.Being taken
24.He had a pain _______ his back.A.on B.with C.in D.onto
25.The city _______ I was born is on the new railway line.A.which B.that C.on which D.where
26.I had _______ that I would always remember it.A.so a good experience B.such a good experience
C.so good an experience D.such good an experience
27.______ give us help is welcome.A.Who ever B.Whoever C.No matter who D.Those who
28.After running for nearly half an hour, I was ________.A.out of place B.out of control C.out of breath D.out of practice
29.The mother told the little boy to do all the things _______.A.on himself B.on his own C.to himself D.by own
30.You had better _______ a jacket, because it is cold outside.A.take on B.to take on C.put on D.to put on
31.If you will do that, please take me into ________.A.think B.thinking C.thought D.account
32.My pen has _______ ink.A.run out of B.a few C.run away D.no little
33.There are, of course, bad teachers as well as ________.A.good one B.some good C.good ones D.those good
34.“______ haste, the less speed” is good advice he often gives us.A.More B.The more C.The morer D.Morer
35.You do look _______.You are not at all like a person who has been ill in bed for years.A.good B.well C.sad D.disappointed 36.Some people like to eat apples.But some prefer bananas _______ apples.A.to B.for C.with D.against
37.I _______ here two years ago.A.moved to B.have moved C.have moved to D.moved
38.He is _______ strong a man ________ he can lift ten stones like this one.A.such„so B.so„that C.such a „that D.so a „for
39.It _______ they who lent me the television.A.was B.is C.were D.are
40.A famous Canadian doctor expressed the value of hobbies by saying, “______ man is really happy without a hobby.”
A.Not B.Without C.No D.None
41.Television broadcasts are ________ to an area that is within sight of the sending station of its relay.A.prohibited B.bounded C.limited D.restricted
42.Many things ________ impossible in the past are common today.A.to consider B.being considered C.considering D.considered
43.My parents wanted _______ me.A.make a scientist B.to make a scientist
C.make a scientist of D.to make a scientist of
44.He has a bad habit of ________ others when they are speaking.A.involving B.investigating C.interfering D.interrupting
45.I like that new watch very much, but I can’t ________it.A.cost B.offer C.pay D.spend
46.Tom arrived at the office and discovered that he had _______ his door key.A.lent B.borrowed C.lost D.no
47.The beautiful scene left a deep _______ on the foreign visitors.A.thought B.idea C.thinking D.impression
48.The room is a little small;_______ it is so hot.A.in addition B.in addition to C.additional D.adding
49.I wish I ______ her address yesterday.A.know B.had known C.would known D.knew
50.It ______ yesterday.The ground is still wet now.A.must have rained B.was raining C.rained D.had rained Ⅲ.Cloze(20 points)
Directions:
For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices given below and marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Insure means to protect _51_ a loss of money.Most people can budget their money so that their income will cover expected expenses _52_ food, clothing, housing, and public services.But, there is no way to know _53_ who will suffer a crisis(危机)such as a serious illness, fire, flood, or a car accident.Such crises usually _54_ great expense.Even if people could predict crises, it would be hard to save enough money to _55_ the expenses.Insurance is a system _56_ a company collects money from many individuals and then pays certain expenses whenever one of those insured individuals is faced with a certain crisis.An insurance policy _57_ how much the insurance costs and how much the company will pay when a policy holder is faced with a certain crisis.There are many different kinds of insurance, _58_ hospital, motor-car and fire.Insurance can be rather expensive but most people buy insurance of some kind.Insurance is something _59_ people buy and hope they will _60_ need.51.A.for B.from C.against D.with
52.A.such as B.for example C.that D.the same as
53.A.predict B.ahead C.in advance D.earlier
54.A.result from B.make C.take D.result in
55.A.cover B.pay back C.fill D.make full
56.A.that B.by which C.what D.where
57.A.said B.agree C.make sure D.states
58.A.include B.including C.as well as D.also
59.A.which B.that C.as D.like
60.A.never B.ever C.sometimes D.often
Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension(60 points)
Directions:
There are four reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by five questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage One
Researchers have found that REM(rapid eye movement)sleep is important to human beings.This type of sleep generally occurs four or five times during one night of sleep lasting five minutes to forty minutes for each occurrence.The deeper a person’s sleep becomes, the longer the periods of rapid eye movement.There are physical charges in the body to show that a person has changed from NREM(non-rapid eye movement)to REM sleep.Breathing becomes faster, the heart rate increases, and, as the name implies, the eyes begin to move quickly.Accompanying these physical changes in the body is a very important characteristic of REM sleep.It is during REM sleep that a person dreams.61.According to the passage, how often does REM sleep occur in one night?
A.Once B.Twice C.Four of five times D.Forty times
62.The word “deeper” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A.heavier.B.louder.C.stronger.D.happier.63.Which of the following shows that a person is NOT dreaming in his sleep?
A.His eyes begin to move.B.His breathing becomes faster.C.His heart rate increases.D.His eyes stop moving.64.The subject of this passage is ________.A.why people sleep B.the human need for REM sleep
C.the characteristic of REM sleep D.physical changes in the human body
65.Which of the following is the best title of the article?
A.REM Sleep B.Two Types of Sleep C.Sleepers D.What Happens to Sleepers Passage Two
The Mother Goose Stories, so well known to children all over the word, are commonly said to have been written by a little old woman for her grandchildren.According to some people, she lived in Boston, and her real name was Elizabeth Vergoose.Her son-in-law, a printer named Thomas Fleet, was supposed to have published the famous stories and poems for small children in 1719.However, no copy of this book has ever been found, and most scholars doubt the truth of this story—and doubt, moreover, that Mother Goose was ever a real person.They point out that the name is a direct translation of the French “Mere I’ Oye.” In 1697 the Frenchman Charles Perrault published the first book in which this name was used.The collection contains eight tales, including “Sleeping Beauty,” “Cinderella,” and “Puss in Boots.” But Perrault did not originate these stories;they were already quite popular in his day, and he only collected them.66.What is suppssed to have happened in 1719?
Elizabeth Vergoose wrote the first Mother Goose Stories.Thomas Fleet published the Mother Goose Stories.The Mother Goose Stories were translated into French.Charles Perrault published the first Mother Goose Stories.67.Most scholars consider Mother Goose to be _________.A.a real person B.a book written by a little old woman
C.a collection by Elizabeth Vergoose D.a translation from French
68.When Perrault published the first book in 1679, _______.no story of the book had been known to people
some stories of the book were already well known
few people were interested in the stories of the book
stories like “Sleeping Beauty” and “Cinderella” became popular
69.The name used in the first book published in 1679 is supposed to have been _______.A.Mother Goose B.Mere I’ Oye C.Elizabeth Vergoose D.Charles Perrault
70.On the basis of this passage, what may be concluded about the real origin of stories “Sleeping Beauty” and “Cinderella”?
They were invented by Elizabeth Vergoose.They were invented by Thomas Fleet.They were invented by Charles Perrault.Their writers are unknown.Passage Three
Banks are not ordinarily prepared to pay out all accounts;they rely on depositors(储户)not to demand payment all at the same time.If depositors should come to fear that a bank is not safe, that it cannot pay off all its depositors, then that fear might cause all the depositors to appear on the same day.If they did, the bank could not pay all accounts.However, if they did not all appear at once, then there would always be enough money to pay those who wanted their money when they wanted it.Mrs.Elsie Vaught has told us of a terrifying bank run that she experienced.One day in December of 1925 several banks failed to open in a city where Mrs.Vaught lived.The other banks expected a run the next day, and so the officers of the bank in which Mrs Vaught worked as a teller had enough money on hand to pay off their depositors.The officers simply told the tellers to pay on demand.The next morning a crowd gathered in the bank and on the sidewalk outside.The length of the line made many think that the bank could not possibly pay off everyone.People began to push and then to fight for places near the tellers’ windows, The power of the panic atmosphere was such that two tellers, though they knew that the bank was quite all right and could pay all depositors, drew their own money from the bank.Mrs Vaught says that she had difficulty keeping herself from doing the same.71.A bank run happens when _______.a bank is closed for one or more days
too many depositors try to draw out their money at one time
there is not enough money to pay all its depositors at one time
tellers of a bank take their own money from the bank
72.The tellers in Mrs.Vaught’s bank were told to ________.explain why they could not pay out all accounts
pay out accounts as requested
make the depositors believe that the bank was stand
pay out money as slowly as possible
73.The main cause of a bank run is _______.A.loss of confidence B.lack of money
C.crowds of people D.inexperienced tellers
74.Which of the following did Mrs.Vaught say?
She know that the bank was not sound.She feared that too many depositors drawing their money would close the bank.She was not able to draw out her money.She was tempted to draw out her money.75.According to the passage, the actions of the depositors of Mrs.Vaught’s bank were affected mainly by the _______.ease with which they could get their money
confidence that Mrs.Vaught showed
failure of several other banks to open
confidence shown by other depositors of the bank Passage Four
One of the greatest problems for those settlers in Nebraska in the last quarter of the previous century was fuel.Little of the state was forested when the first settlers arrived and it is probable that by 1880, only about one-third of the originally forested area remained, down to a mere 1 percent of the state’s 77,000 square miles.With wood and coal out of the question, and with fuel needed year-round for cooking, and during the harsh winter months for heating, some solution had to be found.Somewhat improbably, the buffalo provided the answer.Buffalo chips(干粪块)were found to burn evenly, hotly, and cleanly, with little smoke and interestingly, no odor, Soon, collecting them became a way of life for the settlers’ children who would pick them up on their way to and from school, or take part in competitions designed to counteract their natural reluctance.Even a young man, seeking to impress the girl he wanted to marry, would arrive with a large bag of chips rather than with a box of candy or a bunch of flowers.76.What is the main topic of this passage?
The solution to the Nebraska settlers’ fuel problem.Life in Nebraska in the late ninteenth century.The imporance of the American buffalo.Deforestation in Nebraska in the late nineteenth century.77.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Nebraska was not a densely-forested state even before the settlers arrived.The children enjoyed collecting the buffalo chips.The children spent a lot of time collecting the chips.Buffalo chips were satisfactory as a fuel.78.The passage implies that buffalo chips were needed _______.A.in greater amounts in summer B.in greater amounts in winter
C.only in summer D.only in winter
79.Which of the following does the author not express surprise at?
The children needed competitions to them.The buffalo chips gave off no smell.Buffalo chips were the answer to the settlers’ fuel problem.Young men took bags of buffalo chips to their girl friends.80.What’s the best title of the passage?
A.Early Settlers B.One Use of the Buffalo Chips
C.Nebraska’s Problems D.How Young Men Express Their Love for Girls
Ⅴ.Writing(20 points)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 20 minutes to write a letter of about 80 words according to the following situation.你叫李平，是英语系学生会主席。写一封信给王教授，请他做一个有关中国历史的报告。注意信中要包括目的、时间、日期和地点。参考答案
Ⅰ.Phonetics
1.A 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.C
8.D 9.D 10.A
Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure
11.C 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.D
18.B 19.B 20.B 21.C 22.C 23.A 24.C
25.D 26.B 27.B 28.C 29.B 30.C 31.D
32.A 33.C 34.B 35.B 36.A 37.D 38.B
39.A 40.C 41.C 42.D 43.D 44.D 45.B
46.C 47.D 48.A 49.B 50.A
Ⅲ.Cloze
51.C 52.A 53.D 54.C 55.A 56.B 57.D
58.B 59.B 60.D
Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension
61.C 62.A 63.C 64.D 65.A 66.B 67.D
68.B 69.B 70.D 71.B 72.B 73.B 74.D
75.C 76.A 77.B 78.B 79.A 80.B
Ⅴ.Writing
May 19,2002
Dear Professor Wang:
On behalf of the Student Union of the English Department, I am writing to invite you to give a lecture on Chinese history.We have planned to have such a lecture at 2:30 p· m.in Lecture Hall 419, on May 25.Looking forward to your lecture.Inform us in advance if you can not come.Sincerely yours，Li Ping 成人高考网络在线学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
第五篇：2011成人高考《英语》模拟试题及答案
2011成人高考《英语》模拟试题及答案(1)
Ⅰ.Phonetics(10 Points)
Directions:
In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letter combinations marked A, B, C and D.Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A.head B.horizon C.honour D.human
2.A.city B.bicycle C.face D.climb
3.A.think B.these C.breathe D.with
4.A.ground B.country C.thousand D.found
5.A.pour B.hour C.course D.four
6.A.both B.post C.cold D.son
7.A.altogether B.talk C.always D.also
8.A.suggestion B.nation C.dictation D.satisfaction
9.A.started B.closed C.waited D.needed
10.A.rare B.fare C.scare D.are
Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure(40 points)
Directions:
There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11._______ idea of _______ sounds much better than Clare’s.A.The, hers B.That, her C.That, hers D.One, her
12.China is famous ________ the Great Wall.A.about B.for C.as D.of
13.Our school ________ new facilities.A.is equipped with B.equips with C.will be equip with D.has equip with
14.I made this myself but it was _______ who taught me.A.he B.him C.himself D.by him
15.He had his bicycle _______ yesterday.A.repair B.repairing C.repaired D.be repaired
16.It was a ________ room, with beautiful wall paper, waxed floor and nice furniture.A.pleased B.pleasant C.pleasing D.preasant
17.He regretted _______the decision too hastily.A.make B.to make C.making D.have maked
18.The professor insisted that we _______ our homework before next month.A.handed in B.will hand in C.hand in D.must hand in
19.It ______ me of the country which we visited last summer.A.remembers B.recalls C.reminds D.tells
20.He _______ smoking at last.A.gave up B.gave out C.gave in D.gave off 21.John was _______ he lay down for an hour before dinner.A.so tired as B.so tired that C.too tired that D.too tired so
22.Your answer is different ________ the teacher’s.A.to B.at C.from D.with
23.It would be _______ a risk to leave the baby alone.A.running B.passing C.carrying D.obeying
24.The fact _______ his health is bad is not true.A.which B.that C.as D.what
25.These ______ did unusually well in the contest, so the judges didn’t know whom to give prize to.A.woman singers B.women singers C.women singer D.womans singers
26.Man must stop _______ the earth’s atmosphere.A.filling B.wasting C.polluting D.blackening
27.We can’t _______ another 100 kilometers any more.A.have B.turn C.make D.reach
28.Is Mary ______ to join in us?
A.supposed B.exposed C.supported D.indicated
29.I want to be told all _______.A.which happen B.which happened
C.that had happened D.that had been happened
30.We’ve all heard of Thomas Edison, _______ who invented the electric light and many other things.A.man B.a man C.the man D.men
31.Don’t tell me such things _______ you are not certain.A.that B.which C.those D.as
32._______ a microscope we can see different kinds of things that are unable to be seen by our naked eyes.A.In terms of B.In place of C.By means of D.By far
33.Jackson went to work ______ his illness.A.besides B.even though C.in spite of D.although
34.Anybody will do, _______ he is responsible for that.A.as far as B.so far as C.as long as D.as soon as
35.I suppose they have known about it, _______?
A.am I B.am not I C.have they D.haven’t they
36.It ______ him ten years to write that novel.A.took B.spent C.cost D.costed
37.The students are looking forward to _______ their holidays in Japan.A.spend B.spending C.for spend D.spent
38.They all ______ mentioning that girl.A.avoided B.got away C.ran away D.escaped
39.Human beings should find a new _______ of energy.A.orient B.source C.origin D.souse
40.The couch is comfortable to _______.A.sit B.be sat C.sitted D.sit on
41.So loudly _______ that all the people in the room got a fright.A.he shouted B.shout he C.did he shout D.he did shout
42.He is the only one of the sons in the family who ______ received high education.A.are B.is C.have D.has
43.We think of Mr.Li ______ our good friend.A.is B.to be C.as D.has been
44.The mountain is 1,000 feet _______ the sea level.A.over B.higher C.above D.high
45.The road will be blocked if there _______ another snow.A.is B.will be C.to be D.will have
46.David like country life and has decided to _______ farming.A.get hold of B.get along with C.go in for D.go thorough
47.These children have an advantage _______ those in calculation.A.over B.than C.to D.with
48.Shanghai has a larger population than _______ in China.A.any city B.any other cities C.other city D.any other city
49.In some countries there are a lot of young people now need _______teeth.A.false B.untrue C.wrong D.erroneous
50.This book costs ______ that one.A.twice more B.twice more as C.two times more as D.twice as much as Ⅲ.Cloze(20 points)
Directions:
For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices given below and marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for their fellows._51_, medical authorities express their concern about the effect of smoking _52_ the health not only of those who smoke but also of those who do not.In fact, non-smokers who must involuntarily inhale(吸入)the air _53_ by tobacco smoke may suffer more than the smokers _54_.Smoking is prohibited in the theatres and in halls used for showing films _55_ in laboratories _56_ there may be a fire hazard(危险).Elsewhere, it is up to your good _57_.I am _58_ asking you to maintain “No-Smoking” in classrooms and seminar rooms.This will prove that you have the _59_ health in mind, which is very important to a large _60_ of our students.51.A.Still B.Further C.More D.Again
52.A.in B.to C.on D.with
53.A.polluting B.be polluted C.polluted D.to be polluted
54.A.them B.themselves C.their own D.they
55.A.and B.but C.as well as D.also
56.A.where B.which C.that D.how
57.A.feeling B.sense C.realize D.think
58.A.so B.next C.therefore D.and
59.A.non-smokers B.non-smokers’ C.non-smoker’s D.non-smoker
60.A.number B.amount C.many D.much
Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension(60 points)
Directions:
There are four reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by five questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage One
All the housewives who went to the new supermarket had one great ambition: to be the lucky customer who did not have to pay for her shopping.For this was what the notice just inside the entrance promised.It said: “Remember, once a week, one of our customers gets free goods.This May Be Your Lucky Day!”
For several weeks Mrs.Edwards hoped, like many of her friends, to be the lucky customer.Unlike her friends, she never gave up hoping.The cupboards in kitchen were full of things which she did not need.Her husband tried to advise her against
buying things but failed.She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would approach her and say: “Madam, this is Your Lucky Day.Everything in your basket is free.”
One Friday morning, after she had finished her shopping and had taken it to her car, she found that she had forgotten to buy any tea.She dashed back to the supermarket, got the tea and went towards the cash-desk.As she did so, she saw the manager of the supermarket approach her.“Madam,” he said, holding out his hand, “I want to congratulate you!You are our lucky customer and everything you have in your basket is free!”
61.The housewives learnt about the of free goods _______.A.on TV B.from the manager
C.at the supermarket D.from the newspaper
62.Mrs.Edwards ________.A.is always very lucky B.had no friends
C.hoped to get free shopping D.gets disappointed easily
63.Mrs.Edwards’s husband tried to ________.A.make her unhappy B.cheer her up
C.buy things with her D.stop her buying things
64.Mrs.Edwards went back to the supermarket quickly because she had to _______.A.buy another thing B.talk to the manager
C.pay for her shopping D.find her shopping
65.Mrs.Edwards must have been ________.A.pleased B.delighted C.proud D.disappointed Passage Two
Deep inside a mountain near Sweetwater in East.Tennessee is a body of water known as the Lost Sea.It is listed by the Guinness Book of Would Records as the world’s largest underground lake.The Lost Sea is part of an extensive and historic cave system called Craighead Caverns.The caverns have been known and used since the days of the Cherokee Indian nation.The cave expands into a series of huge rooms from a small opening on the side of the mountain.Approximately one mile from the entrance, in a room called “The Council Room,” many Indian artisfacts have been found.Some of the items discovered include pottery, arrowheads, weapons, and jewelry.For many years there were persistent rumors of a large underground lake somewhere in a cave, but it was not discovered until 1905.In that year, a thirteen-year-old boy named Ben Sands crawled through a small opening three hundred feet underground.He found himself in a large cave half filled with water.Today tourists visit the Lost Sea and ride far out onto it in glass-bottomed boats powered by electric motors.More than thirteen acres of water have been mapped out so far and still no end to the lake has been found.Even though teams of divers have tried to explore the Lost Sea, the full extent of it is still unknown.66.The Lost Sea is unique because it is ________.part of a historical cave system
the biggest underground lake in the world
listed in the Guinness Book of World Records
the largest body of water in Tennessee
67.The Craighead Caverns have been known ________.A.through history B.since the time of the Indian nations
C.since 1905 D.since divers explored them
68.Who located the Lost Sea in recent times?
A.The Cherokee Indians.B.Tourists.C.Ben Sands.D.Scientists.69.What was found in “The Council Room”?
A.A small natural opening.B.A large cave.C.Another series of rooms.D.Many old Indian objects.70.It can be inferred from the passage that the Craighead Caverns presently serve as ____.A.an underground testing site B.an Indian meeting ground
C.a tourist attraction D.a motor boat race course
Passage Three
Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one life’s essentials.Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have all been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.But for many people the thought of food first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure.So despite all the efforts, they still take no breakfast.Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures are available, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast, increased by 33 percent.For those who feel pain of guilt about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news.Several studies in the last few years indicate that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast.“Going without breakfast does not affect performance,” said Arrold E.Bender, former professor of the nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.”
Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not adults, “The literature”, says one researcher, Dr.Erresto at the University of Texas, “is poor”.71.The latest year for which figures could be obtained is _______.A.the year the author wrote the article B.1977
C.any year between 1997 and 1983 D.1983
72.For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _______.several studies have been done in the past few years
the omission of breakfast does no harm to one’s health
adults have especially made studies in this field
eating little in the morning is good for health
73.“„nor does giving people breakfast improve performance” means ______.anyone without breakfast does improve his performance
not giving people breakfast improve performance
having breakfast does not improve performance, either
people having breakfast do improve their performance
74.The word “literature” in the last sentence refers to _______.A.stories, poems, plays, etc.B.written works on a particular subject
C.any printed material D.the modern literature of America
75.What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that _______.breakfast does not affect performance
Dr.Erresto is engaged in research work at an institution of higher learning
not eating breakfast might affect the health of children
Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London Passage Four
About 35% of all high school graduates in America continue their education in an institution of higher learning.The word college is used to refer to either a college or a university.These institutions offer four-year programs that lead to a Bachelor of Arts(B.A.)or Bachelor Science(B.S.)degree.Some students attend a junior college(providing only a two-year program)for one to two years before entering a four-year college as a sophomore(二年级生)or junior(三年级生).It is generally easier to be accepted at a state university than at a private one.Most private schools require strict entrance examinations and a high grade point average(GPA), as well as specific college prep classes in high school.Private schools cost considerably more than state colleges and famous private schools are very expensive.Poorer students can sometimes attend, however, by earning
scholarships.Some college graduates go on to earn advanced masters or doctoral degrees in grad(graduate)school.Occupations in certain fields such as law or medicine require such advanced studies.Since college costs are very high, most students work at part-time jobs.Some have full-time jobs and go to school part-time.Often some will take five or more years to complete a four-year program because of money / job demands on their time.While the college and work demands take up the great part of a student’s time, most still enjoy social activities.Sports, dances, clubs, movies, and plays are all very popular.However, gathering together for long, philosophical talks at a favorite meeting place on or near the university is probably the most popular activity.76.College education is _______ in America.A.quite common B.very rare
C.something difficult D.almost impossible
77.Which of the following is NOT required for entering most private schools.A.entrance examinations B.taking part in many activities
C.GPA D.college prep classes
78.How can poor students attend private schools?
A.Only by working at part-time jobs.B.Only by working at full-time jobs.C.Only by earning scholarships.D.All of above.79.The American college students like to _______ most of all.A.discuss problems on philosophy B.play balls
C.earn enough money D.go to the cinemas or theatres
80.The best title for this passage is _______.A.Part-time jobs B.American college
C.Popular activity D.A new system
Ⅴ.Writing(20 points)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 20 minutes to write a composition of about 80 words according to the following topic.金钱是一切吗?(Is Money Everything?)参考答案
Ⅰ.Phonetics
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.B
8.A 9.B 10.D
Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure
11.C 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.C
18.C 19.C 20.A 21.B 22.C 23.A 24.B
25.B 26.C 27.C 28.A 29.C 30.C 31.D
32.C 33.C 34.C 35.D 36.A 37.B 38.A
39.B 40.D 41.C 42.D 43.C 44.C 45.A
46.C 47.A 48.D 49.A 50.D
Ⅲ.Cloze
51.B 52.C 53.C 54.B 55.C 56.A 57.B
58.C 59.B 60.A
Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension
61.C 62.C 63.D 64.A 65.D 66.B 67.B
68.C 69.D 70.C 71.D 72.B 73.C 74.B
75.C 76.A 77.B 78.D 79.A 80.B
Ⅴ.Writing
In Money Everything?
I don’t think money is everything, but we can’t do without it.Fox example, money can’t buy us happiness and a good education.And for another example, money can’t buy us good health and a long life.But we can not live without money.We need it for our daily necessities such as food, clothes and transportation.What’s more, we need it to live a better life.In short, we should learn the value of money and make the most of its advantages.成人高考网络在线学习http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1100/
![下载2011成人高考英语模拟试题二[★]word格式文档](http://static.xiexiebang.com/skin/default/images/icon_word.png){kind=icon}
点击咨询 