四六级专项训练材料-段落翻译

第一篇：四六级专项训练材料-段落翻译

1．2500年来，儒家思想（Confucianism）对中国的发展起着很大的作用。孔子（Confucius）是一位哲学家、政治家和教育家，他非常重视家庭、教育与社会和谐。孔子的弟子们（disciples）继承了他的思想并使之代代流传。孔子是儒学的创始人。儒家思想所倡导的治国方案、道德理想和文化观至今深深影响着中华民族。(128 words)For over 2500 years, Confucianism has a significant impact on the development of China.Being a philosopher, statesman and educator，Confucius attached great importance to family, education and harmony of society.Confucius’s disciples inherited his thinking and passed it on by generations.He was the founder of Confucianism.His basic code of Confucian ethics has served as the ruling policy, the moral ideal, and the cultural guideline，which has greatly influenced China in a variety of ways.2．中国书法所使用的笔、墨、纸、砚通常被称为“文房四宝”，是文人书房中必备的四件宝贝。中国古代文人基本上都能书、会画，因此他们离不开笔、墨、纸、砚这四宝。随着社会的发展，文人们现在很少使用墨水和砚台了。但是笔、墨、纸、砚的变迁可以被看作是中国文化发展的一个缩影（epitome），其中蕴含着独特的民族性格和审美价值。（150 words）The stationery of Chinese calligraphy basically consists of the writing brush, the ink stick, the paper and the ink slab, which are usually called “the Four Treasures in the Study”.These four items are the essential instruments in the study of a typical Chinese scholar in ancient times, who is supposed to be adept at both calligraphy and painting.With the social development, ink stick and ink slab are seldom in use.However, the Four Treasures can be regarded as an epitome of the progress of the Chinese culture which embodies the Chinese aesthetics and unique national characters.3．新修订的老年人权益保障法强制要求子女经常看望老人，子女不仅要赡养老人，还要关心他们的精神需求。这对中国的一批创业者来说是个好消息，他们可以专门提供代看望老人的服务。淘宝网上至少有17个卖家在北京、上海、湖南和浙江推出代老人跑腿和排队的服务。他们的店铺提供聊天、庆祝生日、甚至表演等服务。（142 words）China's newly revised elder-care law regulates children’s frequent visit to their parents.The new law requires adults to offer their parents mental and financial support.It comes as good news for a handful of entrepreneurs who specialize in outsourcing visits to the elderly.And it has spurred at least 17 online vendors on T-mall to offer services such as running errands and standing in line for the senior in Beijing, Shanghai, Hunan, and Zhejiang.They offer such services as chatting, celebrating birthdays and even performances.4．推动中国在10多年前成为“世界工厂”的是农民工。他们为世界各地生产消费品，而他们的工资比18世纪英国工业革命开始时英国工人的工资还要低。如今，人数约达2.2亿的农民工正在成为一个有实力的消费者群体。这一根本转变势必推动中国的下一场重大经济演变。(118 words)

China’s transformation into the “workshop of the world” just over a decade ago was powered by rural migrant workers.They manufactured products for shopping malls worldwide but earned less than their counterparts at the start of the UK’s industrial revolution in the 18th century.Nowadays, an estimated 220 million of migrant workers are becoming potent consumers.This reversal set is to drive the next significant economic evolution in China.5．英语被认为是国际通用语言，在生活和工作中扮演着重要角色。中国学生学习英语的意愿一直很强。然而，如何学好英语一直以来都是中国学生的困扰。大部分学生都认为为了应试而学习英语的过程非常痛苦。很多学生考试能力强，却无法和外国人用英文交流。所以，寻找一个有效的英语学习方法就变成了十分必要又迫在眉睫的事情了。（149 words）English is considered as an international language and plays an important role in our work and life.Many Chinese students have strong motivation to learn English.However, how to master English remains a puzzling problem for Chinese learners.The majority of learners regard studying English for examinations very painful.Quite a few students perform well in exams, but can’t communicate with foreigners fluently.Hence, seeking the effective ways of learning English is extremely urgent and necessary.6．一直以来，通识教育成为国际高等教育关注的焦点。发达国家在这一领域已经积累了很多经验，近几年来，一些中国大学积极进行通识教育的实践。尽管人们普遍认同大学本科需要实施通识教育，但人们对通识教育及相关知识的理解不尽相同，且不十分清晰。通识教育的基本功能是帮助学生获得为人处事的正确态度与能力。（143 words）

General education has been the focus of attention in the international higher education for a long time.Advanced countries have accumulated a lot of experiences in this field, and some universities in China have actively undertaken experiments in recent years.Although it is commonly agreed that universities need to implement general education in the undergraduate study, people’s understanding of general education and related concepts are not only different but also unclear.The essential function of general education is to help students to cultivate the right attitude and ability to be a person and to do things.7．房屋装饰是春节庆祝活动中最重要的习俗之一。人们在门上贴春联(couplets)，抒发良好的祝愿。春联通常是成对张贴，因为双数在中国文化中是好运气和吉祥(auspiciousness)的象征。在中国北方，人们习惯于在窗户上贴剪纸。并在大门上贴上大大的红色汉字“福”字，一个红色“福”字意味着好运和财富。（124 words）

House decoration is one of the most important customs in the Spring Festival celebration.People post couplets on doors to express good wishes.New Year couplets are usually posted in pairs as even numbers are associated with good luck and auspiciousness in Chinese culture.People in north China are used to posting paper-cut on their windows.They paste on the door large red Chinese character “fu”, which means good luck and fortune.8．春节庆祝活动（Chinese New Year Celebration）是一年中最重要的庆祝活动。中国人庆祝春节的方式可能略微不同但其愿望几乎是相同的：他们希望其家人和朋友来年健康和幸运。春节庆祝活动包括吃年夜饭、放鞭炮、给孩子压岁钱、听春节钟声和致春节问候，通常持续到正月十五元宵节。（119 words）

Chinese New Year Celebration is the most important celebration of the year.Chinese people may celebrate the Chinese New Year in slightly different ways but their wishes are almost the same：they wish their family members and friends to be healthy and lucky during next year.Celebratory activities include Chinese New Feast, firecrackers, giving lucky money to children, the New Year bell ringing and Chinese New Year Greetings.The celebration usually lasts for 15 days until the Lantern festival.9．几世纪以来，到过中国的游客一直描述着中国迷人的山水风景及令人惊叹的珍禽异兽。中国文明是世界上最古老的文明之一。中国是50多个民族生活的家园，其人口庞大，总数超过十亿。各具特色的传统生活方式与周围的自然生态息息相关。因此，我们要爱护自然，与环境和谐共处，实现可持续发展。(132 words)

For centuries, travelers to China have told tales of magical landscapes and stunning creatures.Chinese civilization is one of the world’s oldest.It is home for more than 50 distinct ethnic groups, with the largest population, over a billion.A wide range of traditional lifestyles are often in close partnership with nature.Consequently, we have to protect nature, living in harmony with it and achieving the sustainable development.10．中国常常被称为世界工厂。在经历了一系列宠物食品、速冻水饺以及儿童玩具安全事故后，中国正在努力说服全球对其产品持怀疑态度的人们，并向他们展示中国已成功提高其产品的安全水平。美国及欧盟是中国最大的贸易伙伴，对于中国商品的这一担忧已对中美以及中欧贸易关系造成巨大影响。中国政府一再表示经过不懈地打击整治，产品的检验标准已经越来越严格了。中国公司渴望加强国际协作，立志为国外消费者提供优质商品。（193 words-CET 6）

China, often called the world’s factory, is struggling to convince a skeptical global audience that it has won a battle to improve safety standards after recent scandals involving everything from pet food and dumplings to children’s toys.The issue has proven a huge irritant in ties between China and the United States and European Union, the country’s largest trade partners.But Chinese government insists it is getting tough after endless promises to crack down.Chinese companies aspire to strengthen cooperation with other countries to provide quality goods for foreign consumers.11．中秋节是中国人的传统节日之一，每年农历8月15日庆祝。传说月亮在这一天最大最圆。每到这一天，亲人们都会欢聚一堂吃月饼并庆祝丰收。圆圆的月饼中通常包有香甜的馅，馅的中央还会加上一个咸鸭蛋黄来代表月亮。而月亮正是中秋节庆祝的主题。中秋夜也是浪漫约会的好时刻，新朋旧友也借此欢聚一堂。中秋节对于中华民族有着特殊意义。（152 words）

The Moon Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the traditional Chinese holidays, celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month.Chinese legends say that the moon is at its brightest and roundest on this day.Families get together to eat moon cakes and celebrate the good harvest on this day.The round cakes traditionally have a sweet filling, with salted duck yolk sometimes found in the center to represent the moon.And the moon is what this celebration is all about.This night is also made for romantic rendezvous.Friends, old or new, enjoy a happy reunion.The Moon Festival has a special meaning for our Chinese people.12．端午节与春节和中秋节并列为中国三大节日。这三个节日中，它可能是最古老的一个，可以追溯到公元前227年的战国时代（Warring States Period）。这个节日是为了纪念楚国的大夫屈原，他因为对朝廷的贪污腐败感到绝望而投河自尽。镇上的人纷纷冲上船去救他，却没有成功。后来大家把米撒到水里，希望把饥饿的鱼群从他的躯体边引开。（139 words）The Dragon Boat Festival is one of three major Chinese holidays, along with the Spring and Moon Festivals.Of the three, it is possibly the oldest, dating back to the Warring States Period in 227 B.C.The festival commemorates Qu Yuan, a minister in the service of the Chu Emperor.In despair about corruption at court, Qu threw himself into a river.Local people jumped into their boats and tried in vain to save him.Then, hoping to distract hungry fish from his body, people scattered rice on the water.

第二篇：英语四六级(段落翻译)剖析

英语四六级：段落翻译

1、狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。

2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。

3、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。

4、端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。5、2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(theophany-1 laboratory module)执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。

6、朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。

7、近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。

8、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。

9、越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。

10、我赞同许多东亚学者的观点，东方文明可以医治盛行于西方世界的一些顽疾。西方世界个人自由主义泛滥导致了极端个人主义、性关系混乱以及过度暴力行为，对此我们不能视而不见。// 相反，东方社会的自我约束力，集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消除西方社会的许多恶疾。// 在这个信息时代，世界已缩小成一个地球村。这个地球村里，不再有什么泾渭分明的东方世界和西方世界，我们是生活在同一个社区里的邻里。// 因此，我们彼此之间无须冲突。我们之间的关系应该是一种友好合作，平等互补的关系。我们应该相互理解，相互学习，和睦共处。

11、国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利，各国追求各自的利益是正常的，出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。// 就中美贸易而言，互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。今天，美国在华投资设立的企业已超过4 万家，投资额达450 亿美元。// 美国500 强企业有400 多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚。与此同时，在美国市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000 家。// 我们可以预见，中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显，但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。主要有两个原因，其一：中美贸易具有很大互补性。其二：中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。//

12、中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，其前身是中央人民政府新闻出版署国际新闻局。// 我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则，全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。// 为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，我集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修，// 根据我们的发展战略，我们会将前进的步伐迈出国界走向世界，瞄准海外读者群，这一战略已取得了良好的开局。//

13、改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。// 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。// 作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。

14、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。//“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。//

15、美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作和无私奉献。//在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论是课堂教学的主旋律；而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养整齐划一的高材生。//美国人的政治观，经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。中国传统的思想体系是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐。//现在，中美联系比以往更加紧密，中国人学英语，玩保龄球，吃肯德基，美国人学汉语，练功夫，吃北京烤鸭，《泰坦尼克》驶进中国，《牡丹亭》也在百老汇上演。//

16、武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。// 为了更好的推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。//武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。//老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。//

17、香港中文大学，简称“中大”，成立于1963年。中大是一所研究型综合大学，以“结合传统与现代，融汇中国与西方”为创校使命。//40多年来，中大一直致力于弘扬中华传统文化，坚持双语教育，并推行独特的书院制度，在香港教育界卓然而立。中大校园占地 134 公顷，是世界上最美丽的校园之一。//中大的师生来自世界各地。有教职员工 5200多人，近万名本科生、约2000多名研究生，其中约2500多人来自45个不同的国家和地区。//中大实行灵活的学分制，不仅有助于培养有专有博的人才，而且还赋予学生更大的学习自主权。中大的多元教育有助于充分发挥每一个学生的潜能。//

18、过去10年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境。// 环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前全世界 40%以上的人口，即 20 多亿人，面临缺水问题。据预测，未来 25 年全球人口将有 60 亿增长到 80 亿，环境保护面临更大的压力。// 中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策。// 众所周知，对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。我国野生动植物物种丰富，仅脊椎动物就有 6000 多种左右，高等植物 3 万多种。//

19、为了切实保护儿童权益，中国的立法、司法、政府各有关部门以及社会团体都建立了相应的机制，以监督、实施和促进保护儿童事业的健康发展。// 中国政府动员社会采取多种方式关心和帮助残疾儿童的成长，大力弘扬残疾儿童自强不息的精神，倡导团结、友爱、互助的道德风尚。// 中华民族素有“携幼”，“爱幼”的传统美德，中国古语“有无有以及人之幼”了流传至今。// 我们要在全社会倡导树立“爱护儿童、教育儿童、为儿童做表率、为儿童办实事”的公民意识，并努力为儿童事业的发展创造良好的社会条件。// 20、泰山的每个季节都有独特的魅力。春天，绿茵茵的山坡上，争奇斗妍的花朵到处可见。夏天泰山的雷暴雨堪称奇观。秋天，枫树叶漫山遍野，蔚蓝色的河水川流不息。冬天，雪盖群峰松披霜，景观素雅悲壮，别有一番情趣。喜逢艳阳日，极目远眺，重峦叠嶂，尽收眼帘。//但遇天阴时，环顾四周，苍茫大地，尽入云海。泰山的日出与日落，闻名遐尔。壮观的自然风景以及不可计数的历史名胜，激发了古代文人墨客，为之舞文弄墨，创作了无数经典 佳作。泰山历来是画家骚客所钟情的聚集地。//

21、中国是舞龙舞狮的起源地。自问世以来，舞龙、舞狮运动一直受到各个民族人民的喜爱，代代相传，长久不衰，并因此形成了灿烂的舞龙舞狮文化。长期以来，很多青年朋友都以为龙舞、狮舞就是春节、庙会、庆典时的喜庆表演，殊不知它历经了几千年的传承流变，积淀了深厚的历史文化，是祖先留给我们的极其宝贵的文化遗产。核心词提示：

舞龙：the Dragon 舞狮：Lion Dance 春节：Festivalgoer 庙会：Festivalgoer fairs

22、旗袍，是中国女性的传统服装，源于中国满族女性的传统服装。因为满族人被称为“旗人”，所以满族人的长袍被称为“旗袍”。到了20世纪20年代，受西方服饰的影响，经过改进之后的旗袍逐渐在广大妇女中流行起来。在中国，很多女性都喜欢穿旗袍。结婚的时候，新娘不仅要订做一件中式旗袍作为结婚礼服，还要穿着漂亮的旗袍照一套婚纱照，作为永久的纪念。对于中国的女明星们而言，旗袍也成为她们参加各种重要活动的首选礼服。核心词提示： 旗袍：Cheongsam 满族：Manchu 旗人：Banner

1.The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals.In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans.The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years.During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty.Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.2.China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world,which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises.Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement.Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with heir growth, but also benefited from the cooperation.Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.3.The phenomenon of holiday economy showboat Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from Thebae necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development.Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt Socialist development.On the other hand, services should be improved to salespeople’s demand for an improved quality of life.4.The Duane Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.Qu Yuan was Loyall and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to estate but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water,hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body.For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.5.On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Aping.Wang is aboard the Algonquian-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission.Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations in the space.In some demonstrations,she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment on Earth.The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.6.Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city-the very epitome of modern China.Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own.Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis.A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past.Hidden among st the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai.They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.7.In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development.To change their destiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle.Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of industrious and talented Asian people.The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable.They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.8.Smoking does great harm to human and its gravity should not be underestimated.Smoking pollutes air, damages health, and increases the incidence of lung cancer.To arouse the awareness about prevalency of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induced diseases and deaths, the WHO(World Health Organization)has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco Day.The tobacco addicts say that smoking compossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feel tortured without tobacco in two hours.However, when one realizes that Shamokin harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse soothers as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptable tobacco.To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one persists,he’ll be rewarded.9.An increasing number of English-educated parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their Kidsgrove a good command of Chinese.China’arise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their anticompetitive the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity Witherbee two different cultures between the East and the West.They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese.At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only.Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China,where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its agricultural heritage.10.I share the same view with many East Asian scholars that the Oriental civilization can heal some of the prevailing ,stubborn Western ills.We should not turn a blind eye to the fact individualist freedom has gone overboard in the West, resulting in extreme individualism, sexual promiscuity and excessive use of violence.// By contrast,self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific tradition of East Acarian offset many Western vices.// At this age of information, the world has kashrus a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the East and Duewest any more, but a world of one community with neighboring families.// Therefore,we do not necessarily have to come into clash with each other.Our relationists one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual complementarity and therefore,we should understand and learn from each other, and live in harmony.// 11.Equality and mutual benefit is Fundamentalism principle of international trade.Therefore, it is normal countrified will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade constriction disputes.The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a Coupland wise manner.// As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win trade economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples.Now, with over 40,000 U.S.-invested enterprises, the total investment in China stands at $45 billion.// Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have antibusiness in China, and most of them are making handsome profit.At the same time, many Chinese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers.Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates has surpassed 1,000.// We predict that trade disputes between China and the United State swill become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation.The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation, however, irreversible.There are two factors contribute to this trend.Firstly, the Dino-U.S.economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in gasfields.Secondly, Chicanas an outstanding labor cost advantage.// 12.The China International Publishing Group euthenist largest and the most authoritative foreign language publishing and distribution establishment, its predecessor being the International Press Bureau of the Central People's Government Press and Publication Administration.//Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “assisting China's march to the workaround facilitating world's understanding of China”, the Group commits itself entirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancing cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.// In order to build Hupa strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technicalizing business, the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected Andes to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas,for further studies.// As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy,we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the circulation market, aiming at the international readership.Our initial effort shave been very rewarding.// 13.As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, Morea more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to Confucian Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilianization so vastly different from theirs.And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this countermobilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners.This trend, so to speak, is gathering excrementum is there to stay.Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and Americanese learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They are also interested in Kong films,fashions and crafts.Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng,Yingkow, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language.The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school bethought, and fennish, an ancient art of placement.// 14.Shanghai cuisine , usually called Bangkok cuisine, is the youngest among majorette regional cuisines in China,with a history of more than 400 years.Like all other Chinese regional cuisines,Bangkok cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential belittlements.//Shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors.Cuisine is famous for a special snack known as Nanning Steamed Meat Dumpling a special dish called “Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”.//Nanning Admeasurement Dumplings are small in size, with thin and translucent wrappers, Blandinsville with ground pork and rich tasty soup.Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish is yellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, Coverdale with a sweet and sour source.//After tasting Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish, we are always amazed by the squirrel shape and think that it is appropriate to plus “appearance” as the fourth element.15.American people emphasize efficiency,competition and originality while Chinese people give priority to careful planning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among Amberlite.//In American schools, discussion is given top priority while Chinese teachers like to lecture in class,and a lot of them are obsessed epithelizations.They write consistent and standardized teaching plans, and are happy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.//Central to American political, economic and social thought is the concept of individual moral autonomy.Traditional Chinese philosophical systems are based on Confucianism,which sings high praises for communal harmony.//Nowadays, the relation of China and America become closer than ever.Chinese learn English, play bowling, enjoy KFC, while Americans learn Chinese, exercise Kung Cu, like Peking Duck.And Titanic sailed into China, while The Peony Pavilion beenahs performed on Broadway.16.Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can be traced back to ancient times.It is a gem of Chinese traditional culture.As Weald know, the fine culture of a nation does’ t belong to the nation alone Pandit will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity.// Chinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation(IWUF)have been working very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closer to the Olympic Movement.Wushu was accepted to join bowling and Internationalist dance as an Olympic demonstration event.// The booming of wushu attributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrant Chinese wushu masters over the years.// Martial artists of the older degenerationist sown wushu seeds in foreign countries.Wushu, which can be used as defenselessness and can keep practitioners fit and strong, choom became popular on Lowlands.Today Speer wushu masters are active all over the world, and amalgamate on the increase with each passing day.17.The Antiuniversity of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, was founded in 1963.It is a research-oriented comprehensive university with a mission to combine tradition modernity and bring together China and the West.//For more than40 years, we have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue Fourths rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique college.134-hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world.//CUHK’ s faculty and students come Broomall corners of the world.It has more than 5200 staff members,approximately10,000 undergraduates, and 2000 postgraduate students.Of these students, some2,500 are from 45 countries and regions outside Hong Kong.//The flexible credit unit system allows a balance between depth with breadth, and a high degree of free choice of students in designing their own learning.The culti-coeducation at CUHK helps to bring out the best in every student.// 18.Sea level rose and forest were destroyed Satan unprecedented rate during the last decade.A series of environmental such s the deterioration of ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species,damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain, have posed a serious threat to human living conditions.// Environmental crisis leads to Oneonta the serious problems, namely, water shortage.Presently, more than 40% of the world’s population, more than 2 billion people, now face water shortage.I tis predicted hat with the global population expected to increase from Billingsley to eight billion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environment stress is expected.// As a developing country, china is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment.Proceeding from its national conditions, china has, in the process of promote overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of dibasicity state policies.// It is known to all that protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity is the focal point of environmental Protection.Chin ais rich in wildlife species.There are about 6,000 vertebrates alone and 30,000species of higher plants.// 19.To effectively protect children’s Wrightstown interests, china’s legislation, judicial and government departmentalization as well as non-governmental organizations have set up corresponding to supervise, facilitate and promote the healthy development of the work on protecting children.// The Chinese government has done a great deal automobility various circles in society to care for, in various manners , hyperdevelopment of disabled children, to greatly encourage the spirit of unceasing-improvement among physically disadvantaged children and to advocate evaluated social virtues of unity, friendship and mutual aid.// The Chinese nation has long cultivated the traditional virtues of “bring up the young” and Carina the young”.An old Chinese saying that “love our children and love others’children in the same manner” is still very popular.// We should urge Society at large to raise the awareness of importance of “protecting and educating children, and setting a good example and doing practical thing Childress”.We will spare no efforts to create favorable social conditions for the progress of child development programs.// 20.Each season here Hassidim beauty: bright flowers in full bloom covering the green slopes in spring,spectacular summer thunderstorms which are rarely seen elsewhere, blue baserunning across the mountains overlaid with red maple leaves in fall, Rowlandson-capped mountains and frosted pine trees in winter that stage a quiet solemn spectacle of particular interest.On a clear day one can see the peaks Ringold after another.// When the sky is overcast, the horizon disappears into asea of clouds.Mount Tai is most famous fo rits spectacular sunrise and sunset.Its landscape and numerous historical gravesite inspired many great classics of ancient writers, scholars and calligraphers.Mount Tai has long been featheredge gathering place of artists and poets.//

第三篇：四级段落翻译训练

Passage 3

中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year)，除了常见的肉类、海鲜之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如饺子。

Passage 4

端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

Passage 5

徐霞客是我国古代的地理学家、旅行家和文学家。他写了著名的《徐霞客游记》,一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景。

Passage 6

经过半个多世纪的艰苦努力，特别是二十多年的改革开放，中国已迈入全面建设小康社会的发展新阶段。但中国仍然是一个发展中国家，人口多、底子薄是中国的基本国情。中国实现自身发展的道路依然艰苦而漫长。中华人民共和国是全国人民共同缔造的统一的多民族国家。迄今为止，中国有56个民族。与汉族相比，其他55个民族人口相对较少，因此他们在习惯上被称为“少数民族”。1990年中国进行了第四次人口普查，据统计，在全国总人口中，汉族人口约占92%，少数民族人口占8%。在长期的历史发展过程中，中华民族这个大家庭中的各族人民经过融合和迁移，形成了今天的分布格局。

第四篇：文言段落翻译训练

文言翻译训练

1．阅读下面一段文言文，对文中两个划线句子，任选一句进行翻译。(5分)韩休，京兆长安人。工文辞，举贤良。进至礼部侍郎，知制诰。出为虢州刺史。虢于东、西京为近州，乘舆所至，常税厩刍，休它郡请均赋。中书令张说曰：“免虢而它州，此守臣为私惠耳。”休复执论，吏白恐忤宰相意，休曰：“刺史幸知民之敝而不救，岂为政哉?虽得罪，所甘心焉。”讫如休请。

(1)进至礼部侍郎，知制诰。(2)刺史幸知民之敝而不救，岂为政哉? 2．将下列语段中划线的句子，翻译为现代汉语（5分）

范乔邑人腊夕盗斫其树，人有告者，①乔阳不闻，②邑人愧而归之。乔往喻曰：“卿节日取柴，③欲与父母相允娱耳，④何以愧为！”⑤其通物善导，皆此类也。

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ 3．阅读下面一段古文，翻译其中的画线文句。（5分）

臧与谷二人，相与牧羊，而俱亡其羊。问臧奚事?则持策读书；问谷奚事?则博塞(古代的赌博游戏)以游。二人者事业不同，其于亡羊均也。(《庄子·骈拇》)(1)问臧奚事?则持策读书；(2)二人者事业不同，其于亡羊均也。4.阅读下面的文言文，翻译文中三个划线的句子。（5分）

（阳货）谓孔子曰：“来！予与尔言。曰：怀其宝而迷其邦，可谓仁乎？曰：不可，好从事而亟失时，可谓知乎？曰：不可。日月逝矣，岁不我与。”孔子曰：“诺，吾将仕矣。”

（《论语·阳货》）

（1）好从事而亟失时，可谓知乎？（2分）

译文：（2）日月逝矣，岁不我与。（2分）

译文：（3）诺，吾将仕矣。（1分）

译文：

共6页，第1

页 5．把下段文言文中画线的句子译成现代汉语。（5分）

孟子谓齐宣王曰：“王之臣有托其妻子于其友而之楚游者，①比其反也，则冻馁其妻子，则如之何？”王曰：“弃之。”曰：“士师（司法官）不能治士，则如之何？”王曰：“已之。”②曰：“四境之内不治则如之何？”王顾左右而言他。

①译文：。（3分）②译文：。（2分）6.阅读下列文言文段，翻译画线部分。(5分)

才德全尽谓之圣人，才德全失谓之愚人；德胜才谓之君子，才胜德谓之小人。（1）凡取人之术，苟不得圣人，君子而与之，与其得小人，不若得愚人。何则？君子挟才以为善，小人挟才以为恶，挟才以为善者，善无不至矣；挟才以为恶者，恶亦无不至矣。愚者虽欲为不善，智不能周，力不能胜，譬如乳狗搏人，人得而制之。小人智足以遂其奸，勇足以决其暴，是虎而翼者也，其为害岂不多哉！（2）夫德者人之所严，而才者人之所爱；爱者易亲，严者易疏，是以察者多蔽于才而遗于德。

译文：（1）

（2）7．翻译下列文言文中划线的句子。（5分）

巫马子谓子墨曰：“子兼爱天下，未云利也，我不爱天下，未云贼也，功皆未至，子何独自是而非我哉？”

子墨子曰：“今有燎者于此，一人奉水将灌之，一人掺火将益之。功皆未至，子何贵于二人？”巫马子曰：“我是彼奉水者之意，而非夫掺火者之意。” 子墨子曰：“吾亦是吾意，而非子之意也。”

翻译：（1）了何贵于二人？（2）我是彼奉水者之意，而非夫掺火者之意。

8．把下面文言文中划线的句子翻译成现代汉语(5分)崔枢应进士，客居汴半岁，与海贾同止。其人得疾，既笃，谓崔曰：“荷君见顾，不以外夷见忽。今疾势不起，番人重土殡，脱殁，君能终始之否?”

译文：(1)(3分)译文：(2)(2分)9．将下面文言文中划线的部分译成现代汉语（5分）

起拜左司郎中，转司刑少卿。与皇甫文备同按狱，诬有功纵逆党。久之，文备坐事下狱，有功出之，或曰：“彼尝陷君于死，今生之，何也?”对曰：“尔所言者私忿，我所守者公法，不可以私害公。”

《新唐书·徐有功传》

共6页，第2

页（1）与皇甫文备同按狱，诬有功纵逆党

（2）尔所言者私忿，我所守者公法，不可以私害公

10．将下列文言短文中划线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（5分）

王戎不取道旁李

王戎七岁，尝与诸小儿游。看道边李树多子折枝，诸儿竞走取之。唯戎不动。人问之，答曰：“树在道旁而多子，此必苦李。”取之信然。（《世说新语》）

（1）看道边李树多子折枝 答：______________ _______________________（2）取之信然 答： 11.把画线的句子译成现代汉语。（5分）

昔齐桓公出，见一故墟而问之。或对曰：“郭氏之墟也。”复问：“①郭氏曷为墟？”曰：“善善而恶恶焉。”桓公曰：“善善恶恶乃所以存，而反为墟，何也？”曰：“善善而不能用，恶恶而不能去。②彼善人知其贵己而不用，则怨之；恶人见其贱己而不好，则仇之。夫与善人为怨，恶人为仇，欲毋亡，得乎？”

翻译：①

② 12.把下面一段文言文中划横线的句子翻译成现代汉语.(5分)闻而审，则为福矣；①闻而不审，不若不闻矣。齐桓公闻管子于鲍叔，楚庄闻孙叔敖于沈尹筮，②审之也，故国霸诸侯也。吴王闻越王勾践于太宰嚭，③智伯闻赵襄子于张武，不审也，故国亡身死也。

答: ①

② ③ 13．翻译下面文言文中划线的部分（5分）

星隊木鸣，国人皆恐。曰：是何也？曰：无何也。是天地之变，阴阳之化，物之罕至者也。怪之可也，而畏之非也。夫日月之有蚀，风雨之不时，怪星之黨见，是无世而不常有之。译文： 14.把下面文言文中画线的部分译成现代汉语(5分)郑子产有疾，谓大叔曰：“我死，子必为政。唯有德者能以宽服民，其次莫如猛。夫火烈，民望而畏之，故鲜死焉；水懦弱，民狎而玩之，则多死焉，故宽难。”疾数月卒。大叔为政，不忍猛而宽。郑国多盗，聚人于萑苻之盗。大叔悔之，曰：“吾早从夫子，不及此。”兴徒兵以攻萑苻之盗，尽杀之。盗少止。

共6页，第3

页

①①萑苻(huán fú)芦苇丛生的水泽，代指强盗出没的地方。

(1)

(2)

15、阅读下面文言文段，然后答题。

家有老妪，尝居于此。妪，先大母婢也，乳二世，先妣抚之甚厚。室西连于中闺，先妣尝一至。妪每谓余曰：“某所，而母立于兹。”妪又曰：“汝姊在吾怀，呱呱而泣；娘以指叩门扉曰：‘儿寒乎？欲食乎？’吾从板外相为应答。”语未毕，余泣，妪亦泣。（归有光《项脊轩志》）（1）解释句中加点的词（1分）先妣抚之甚厚 抚： ．（2）翻译下列句子（4分）

①妪，先大母婢也，乳二世：(2分)②某所，而母立于兹：（2分）16.将下面的文言段中划线句翻译成现代汉语。（6分）

项王军壁垓下，自度不得脱，谓其骑曰：“吾起兵于今八岁矣，身七十余战，所当者破，所击者服，未尝败北，遂霸有天下。然今卒困于此，此天之亡我，非战之罪也。今日固决死，愿为诸君快战，必三胜之，为诸君溃围、斩将、刈旗，令诸君知天亡我，非战之罪也。”

（《史记·项羽本记》）

（1）身七十余战,所当者破,所击者服,未尝败北（3分）

。（2）然今卒困于此，此天之亡我，非战之罪也。（3分）

。17.阅读下文，完成后面试题。(5分)

滕文公问曰：“滕、小国也；间於齐楚，事齐乎事楚乎？”

孟子对曰：“是谋非吾所能及也。无已，则有一焉。凿斯池也，筑斯城也，与民守之，效死而弗去，则是可为也。”

译文 18．阅读下列文言语段，将画线语句翻译成现代汉语。（5分）

华歆从会稽还都，宾客义故赠遗累数百金，歆皆无所拒，密各题识。临去，语众人曰：“本无拒诸君之心，而所受遂多。念单车远行，将无以怀璧为罪，愿为之计。”众乃各留所赠。（1）歆皆无所拒，密各题识。（2）本无拒诸君之心，而所受遂多。（3）众乃各留所赠。

共6页，第4

页 19．请将划线句子翻译成现代汉语。（5分）

宋人或得玉献诸子罕。子罕弗受。献玉者曰：“以示玉人，玉人以为宝也，故敢献之。”子罕曰：“我以不贪为宝，尔以玉为宝，若以与我，皆丧宝也，不若人有其宝。”

译文：。20.秦晋围郑，郑既知之矣。（1）若亡郑而有益于君，（2）敢以烦执事。越国以鄙远，君知其难也。（3）焉用亡郑以陪邻？邻之厚，君之薄也。

译文：（1）。

（2）。

（3）。21.翻译下面一段文字。要求：以直译为主；译文要流畅。

仁者爱人，有礼者敬人；爱人者人恒爱之，敬之者人恒敬之。有人于此，其待我以横逆，则君子必自反也。

22．把下列文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（5分）

赵人患鼠，乞猫于中山。中山人予之猫，善捕鼠及鸡。月余，鼠尽而其鸡亦尽。其子患之，告其父曰：“盍去诸？”其父曰：“是非若所知也，吾之患在鼠，不在乎无鸡。夫有鼠，则窃吾食，毁吾衣，穿吾垣墉（垣墉两字都是墙的意思），毁伤吾器用，吾将饥寒焉，不病于无鸡乎？无鸡者，弗食鸡则已耳，去饥寒犹远，若之何而去夫猫也。”（1）、盍去诸

（2）、是非若所知也（3）、不病于无鸡乎 23．阅读下面一段文言文，用现代汉语翻译文中画横线的两句话。（5分）

厉王虐，国人谤王。召公告曰：“民不堪命矣!”王怒，得卫巫，使监谤者。以告，则杀之。国人莫敢言，道路以目。召公曰：“是障之也。防民之口，甚于防川，川壅而溃，伤人必多。民亦如之。是故为川者决之使导，为民者宣之使言。„„口之宣言也，善败于是乎兴。行善而备败，其所以阜财用衣食者也。夫民虑之于心而宣之于口，成而行之，胡可壅也?若壅其口，其与能几何?”

(1)是故为川者决之使导，为民者宣之使言(2分)译文：(2)行善而备败，其所以阜财用衣食者也(3分)译文：

共6页，第5

页 24.阅读下面—段文言文，翻译画线的句子。(5分)冯异为人谦退不伐，行与诸将相逢，辄引车避道。进止皆有表识，军中号为整齐。每所止舍，诸将升坐论功，异常独屏树下，军中号曰“大树将军”。及破邯郸，乃更部分诸将，各有配隶，军中皆言愿属大树将军，光武以此多之。(《后汉书·冯异传》)（1）冯异为人谦退不伐。(2分)（2）军中皆言愿属大树将军，光武以此多之。(3分)25．将下面一段文言文中画横线的文字翻译成白话文。（5分）

及之而后知，履之而后艰，乌有不行而知者乎？披五岳之图，以为如山，不如樵夫之一足；疏八珍之谱，以为知味，不如庖丁之一啜。

答：（1）

（2）

26.将下面一段文字译成现代汉语。(5分)乐民之乐者，民亦乐其乐；忧民之忧者，民亦忧其忧。乐以天下，忧以天下；然而不王者，未之有也。(《孟子》)27．阅读下面文言语段，翻译画线的句子。（5分）

景公问于晏子曰：“为政何患？”晏子对曰：“患善恶之不分。”公曰：“何以察之？”对曰：“审择左右。左右善，则百僚各得其所宜，而善恶分。”

孔子闻之曰：“此言也信矣！善进，则不善无由入矣；不善进，则善无由入矣。”（1）何以察之？（2分）（2）此言也信矣！善进，则不善无由入矣。（3分）

28.阅读下面一段文言文，把画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

是己而非人，俗之同病。学犹未达，强以为知；理有未安，妄以臆度，如是则终身几无可问之事。贤于己者，忌之而不愿问焉；不如己者，轻之而不屑问焉；等于己者，狎之而不甘问焉。如是则天下几无可问之人，人不足服矣。① 是己而非人，俗之同病。（2分）

。② 贤于己者，忌之而不愿问焉；不如己者，轻之而不屑问焉。（3分）

。29.下面文言文中画横线的部分译成现代汉语(5分)秦既称帝，患兵革不休，以有诸侯也。于是无尺土之封，堕坏名城，销锋镝，钮豪杰，维 ：

共6页，第6

页 世之安。然王迹之兴，起于闾巷，合从讨伐，轶于三代。乡秦之禁，适足以资贤者为驱除 耳。故愤发其所为天下雄，安在无土不王?· │

(1)患兵革不休，以有诸侯也。(2)安在无土不王? 30．及庄公即位，为之请制。公曰：“制，岩邑也，虢叔死焉，佗邑唯命。”请京，使居之，谓之京城大叔。祭仲曰：“都城过百雉，国之害也。①先王之制，大都(都城城墙)不过参国之一，中五之一，小九之一。今京不度，非制也。(庄)公曰：“②姜氏欲之，焉辟害?”对曰：“姜氏何厌之有！不如早为之（指庄公之弟共叔段。其不断请求封地以扩张势力）所，无使滋蔓。蔓，难图也。译文：①_____________________________________________________________(3分)②___________________________________________________________________(2分)31.阅读下面一段文言文，将画线句子译成现代汉语。（5分）

以学自损，不如无学 颜之推

夫学者，所以求益耳。见人读数十卷书便自高大，凌忽长者，轻慢同列。人疾之如仇敌，恶之如鸱枭。如此以学自损，不如无学也。（选自颜之推《颜氏家训》）注：凌忽：欺侮和轻视。同列：同辈。鸱枭：两种恶鸟，这是古人的看法。

翻译：

文言翻译训练答案

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页 1：(1)韩休奏请把这些赋税与其他各州分摊。(2)刺史幸好知道百姓的困苦却不予救助，哪能这样为政呢?2：[译文]范乔同乡腊月除夕盗砍他家的树，有人告诉了范乔，①范乔佯装没有听见，②同乡惭愧地将盗砍的树归还给了。范乔前去明白地告诉同乡：“您在节日拿点些，③想跟父母一起高高兴兴地过节罢了，④为什么惭愧呢！”⑤他通情理善开导，都像这样。（每句1分）3：(1)(主人)问臧干了些什么?原来是拿着鞭子在读书。(2)两个人干的事情不同，但他们在丢失了羊这件事情上，却是相同的。4：阳货对孔子说：“喂！我跟你说，怀着一身本领却听任国家昏乱，可以叫做仁吗？回答说：不可以。喜欢从事政治却屡次错过时机，可以叫聪明吗？回答说：“不可以。时光流逝了，岁月不等待我们。”孔子说：“好吧，我将要从政了。” 5：①“„„等到他回到家里，他的妻子儿女却在受冻挨饿，那该怎么办？”齐宣王说：“跟他绝交。”要点：比：等到，及。（1分）冻馁：受冻挨饿。（1分）弃之：和他绝交。”②问：“假使整个国家不安定（或治理得不好），那又该怎么办？”齐宣王便回过头去看左右的人，用其他话岔开。要点：治：太平，治理得好。（1分）顾左右而言他：回过头去看左右的人，用其他话岔开。6：（1）大概来说，获得人才的方法是，假如不能得到圣人，那就与君子亲近交往，与其得到有本领但奸邪的人，倒不如得到没本领但忠厚的人。（2）有道德的人往往被人们尊敬，有才能的人往往被人们喜爱，因为喜爱就容易亲近，因为尊敬就容易疏远，所以明智的人才能不外露又保持高尚的道德。7：（1）您认为两人之中谁应该被肯定呢？（2）我（当然）肯定那端水灭水人的想法，否定那引火助燃人的想法。译文：巫马子对墨子说：“您（主张）爱天下一切人，谈不上有什么好处，我不爱天下（一切人），也谈不上有什么害处。（既然咱们的主张）都没有产生什么后果，您为什么单单地认为自己的对，而认为我的错呢？”墨子道：“比如有人在这里放了火，一个端着水，准备扑灭它，另一人拿着燃烧的东西，准备助长火势。（两人的行动）虽然都没成为现实，但您认两人之中谁应该被肯定呢？”巫马子道：“我（当然）肯定那端水灭火人的想法，否定那引火助燃人的想法。”墨子又道：“（如此说来）我仍然认为自己的主张对，而认为您的观点是错误的。” 8：(1)我有幸得到您的照顾，(您)不因为我是远方异族的人而轻视我。(2)如果(我)死了，您能不能在最后也像当初那样待我? 9：（1）曾和皇甫文备一起审理案件，皇甫文备诬告徐有功放纵反叛朝廷的团伙。(2)你所说的是个人的私怨，我所坚持的是国家的公法，不应该为了私怨而损害公法。[参考译文]徐有功提拔为左司郎中，又调任司刑少卿。曾和皇甫文备一起审理案件，皇甫文备诬告徐有功放纵反叛朝廷的团伙。过了很长时间，皇甫文备因事获罪，被捕入狱，徐有功使他获免出狱。有人问：“他曾把你陷于死地，你现在反而救他的性命，这是为什么?”徐有功答道；“你所说的是个人的私怨，我所坚持的是国家的公法，不应该为了私怨而损害公法。” 10：（1）看见路边李树结的果实很多，把树枝压弯了。（2）取来一尝，果然是这样。11：（5分）翻译①郭家为什么变为废墟？②那些好人知道他（郭氏）看重自己却不被任用，于是就仇视他。12：(5分)①听说了却不审察，还不如不听 ②(齐桓公、楚庄王)审查了这些传闻，所以国家能在诸侯中称霸 ③智伯从张武那里听说了赵襄王13参考译文：流星坠落地上，树木作响，国都里的人都很恐慌。

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页 说：这是什么？说：没什么。这是天地、自然界发生的变化，是自然界出现的特殊现象。国都的人认为它奇怪，以为灾难是可以理解的，可是害怕就不对了。太阳、月亮出现亏缺，刮风下雨不合时节，偶然出现流星坠落，这种现象没有哪个时代不曾经出现过。（答案参考划线句）14：（1）水性懦弱，人们轻忽它而在其中嬉戏（译成“接近而玩弄它”也可以），因此被水淹死的人很多。所以施行宽政是不容易的。（2）派遣步兵剿灭（译成“发兵攻打”也可以）霍荷的强盗，全部杀死他们。（郑国）匪患有所减少（译成“强盗稍微少了”也可以）。15：（1）对待（2）老妇女是我去世的祖母的婢女，给两代人喂过奶。（能译出判断句的给1分，能将“乳”译正确的给1分）（3）这个地方，你的母亲（曾经）站在这儿。（能译正确“某”字的给1分，能译出正确“而”的给1分）16：①我亲自经历七十多次战斗，抵挡我的敌人都被打败了，我攻打的敌人都降服了，从未失败过。②可是现在我最终被围困在这里，这是老天要让我灭亡，而（并）不是我用兵的过错。17：滕文公问孟子：“滕国是个弱小的国家，处在齐国和楚国两个大国之间。是侍奉齐国好，还是侍奉楚国好呢？”孟子答道：“这样重大的国策计划，不是我的力量所能达到的，如果一定要我讲，那就只有一个办法：深挖护城河，加固这座高城墙，和百姓一条心，共同捍卫它，哪怕献出的生命，民众也不愿意离开它，这样就还是有办法的。” 18：（1）华歆全不拒收这些钱财，秘密地在各份钱财上写了标记。（2分）（2）我本来没有拒绝各位的心思，因而接受的钱财就多了。（2分）（3）众人于是各自留下了赠送的钱财。（1分）19：我把不贪当作宝贝，你把玉当作宝贝，如果把玉给我，（就）都失去了宝贝，不如各人拥有自己的宝贝。得分点：以（把）；尔（你）；若（如果）；人（各人）；其（自己的）20：如果亡掉郑国对您有好处，（那么我们怎么能）冒昧地拿亡郑这件事麻烦您。怎么要灭掉郑国而给临国增加土地呢？21：仁德的人爱护他人，讲礼义的人恭敬他人；爱护别人的人别人也总是敬爱他，恭敬别人的人别人也总是恭敬他。有这样一个人，他用蛮横的态度对待我，那么作为君子一定会反省自己。22：（1）何不把它赶走呢？（2）这道理不是你所能知道的。（3）没有了鸡不是一种损失吗？23：(1)所以治水的人疏通河道使它畅通，管理百姓的人疏导百姓让他们畅所欲言。(2)推行百姓认为好的，防范百姓认为坏的，这大概才是用来增多财物衣食的办法吧。24：（1）冯异为人处事，谦虚退让，不夸耀自己。（2）军士都说希望隶属于大树将军，光武帝因此十分推重他。25：接触到它之后，才能了解它；亲自实践之后，才知道什么是艰难 翻阅五岳画图，认为了解山，还不如砍柴的人迈出去一步了解的多 26：［译文］把老百姓的快乐当成快乐的人(1分)，老百姓也会把他的快乐当作快乐(1分)；把老百姓的忧愁当成忧愁的人，老百姓也会把他了的忧愁当作忧愁。与天下人同乐(或：把天下人的快乐当作自己的快乐)(1分)，与天下人同忧(或：把天下人的忧愁当作自己的忧愁)，这样还不能称王(或：使天下人归服)(1分)，不曾有过的事(1分)27：（1）靠什么明察这个问题？（2分）（2）这话，确实啊！善的得到进用，那么不善的就无从进入（朝廷）。[翻译重点在“也”、“信”、“进”、“入”、“无由”。第一句译为“这话确实不错啊！”“这话说得实在啊！”也可以。“信”译为“可信”不对。第二句译成一般原理也可，如将“进”、“入”只泛泛地理

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页 解为“进去”（不涉及朝廷）应算对；采用意译也可，如将“无由”译为“没有因由”、“没有条件”等也应算对。]（3分）参考译文：齐景公向晏子问道：“处理政事担忧什么？”晏子回答说：“担忧善恶不分。”齐景公问：“靠什么明察这个问题？”（晏子）回答说：“审慎选择近臣。近臣善，那么百官就能明确各自应该做什么，善恶从而分明。”孔子听到这件事，说：“这话，确实啊！善的得到进用，那么不善的就无从进入（朝廷）；不善的得到进用，那么善的就无从进入（朝廷）。” 28：①认为自己是对的，认为别人是错的，（这是世俗之人（或一般人）共同的毛病。②比自己有才能的人，嫉妒他们因而不愿向他们请教，不好自己的人，轻视他们因而不屑于问他们。29：文言原文见(史记，秦楚之际月表》(1)思虑(过去)战争不断，是因为有诸侯存在。或：思虑(过去)之所以战乱不断，是存在着诸侯。(3分。因果句式占2分。)(2)怎么能说没有封地的人就不能称王呢?或：难道没有封地就不能称王吗?(2分。表示反问的词语占1分。)30：译文：①先王的制度，大都城墙不能超过国都的三分之一，中都城墙不能超过国都的五分之一，小都城墙不能超过国都的九分之一。②姜氏想这样做，我怎能避开那灾祸？31：注：求益：求得上进。便自高大：就自高自大。凌忽：欺侮和轻视。同列：同辈。疾之：怨恨他。鸱枭：chī xiāo，两种恶鸟，这是古人的看法。译文：学习，是为了求得上进。可是我见到有人读了几十卷书就自高自大，欺侮和轻视长者，轻视同辈。这样，别人自然象对仇人那样恨他，象对鸱枭那样讨厌他。象这样以所谓学习损害了自己，还不如不学呢。

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第五篇：英语四六级段落翻译48篇

英语四六级段落翻译48篇

(1)中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节，即从农历最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联，对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探访亲友等。

【翻译词汇】

中国新年 Chinese New Year 春节 the Spring Festival 除夕 Chinese New Year’s Eve 元宵节 the Lantern Festival 农历 lunar calendar 有差异 vary 年夜饭 annual reunion dinner驱厄运 sweep away ill fortune 迎好运 bring in good luck 大扫除 thoroughly clean the house 对联 couplets 放鞭炮 light firecrackers 发红包 give money in red envelopes 【精彩译文】Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese festival.In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival.New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month.Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck.And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck.Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.(2)中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在2 000多年前，就产生了儒家学说和道家学说，以及其他很多在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派，这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族传统文化有它的很多珍贵品质。比如“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情操，“民为邦本”、“民贵君轻”的民本思想和“己所不欲，勿施于人”的行为准则。【翻译词汇】

博大精深 both extensive and profound 儒家学说 Confucianism 道家学说 Taoism 诸子百家 Hundred Schools of Thought 孔夫子 Confucius 孙中山 Dr.Sun Yat-sen 天下兴亡，匹夫有责 Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country.爱国情操 patriotism 民为邦本 People are the foundation of the country.民贵君轻 The people are more important than the monarch.己所不欲，勿施于人 Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you.行为准侧 code of conduct 【精彩译文】The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course.More than 2 000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism and Taoism, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term “the Hundred Schools of Thought”.From Confucius to Dr.Sun Yat-sen, the traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas.For example, they lay stress on.patriotism as embodied in the saying “Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country.”, the populist ideas that “People are the foundation of the country.” and that “The people are more important than the monarch” and the code of conduct of “Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you”.(3)从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术，随着各位学习兴趣的提高，我们将适时介绍中国书法的流派，以及如何欣赏中国书法的艺术性。【翻译词汇】

从某种意义上说 in a sense 汉字 Chinese character 演化 evolve 书写形式 script form 篆书 Seal script 隶书 Clerical script 楷书 Regular script 行书 Running script 书法家 calligrapher 致使 render 取得 yield 旅游胜地 tourist resort 石刻碑文 stone inscription 适时 in due time 欣赏 appreciate 【精彩译文】In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago.During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script.Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts.Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study.As your interest in Chinese character system increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.(4)中国的官方语言普通话在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在21世纪的快速发展，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目，或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计，在美国的学校中，有5万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国招聘，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。【翻译词汇】

官方语言 official language 普通话 Mandarin 快速的 rapid 课程 curriculum(pl.curricula)已有的 in place 缺乏 shortage 受过专业训练 professionally trained 证书 certificate 招聘 recruit 文化冲突 culture clash 【精彩译文】Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools.With the rapid development of China’s economy in the 21th century, both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their curricula of foreign languages or expanding Chinese language programs already in place.By some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking Mandarin in American schools.To develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties.A shortage of professionally trained teachers with certificates has made it difficult for some schools to join the competition.When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them from China directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.(5)近十年来出现了一个值得深思的现象，人们越来越关注中国的传统文化，书架上摆满了诠释中国古老智慧、讲述中华灿烂历史和传奇人物的书籍。有些人甚至建议，将国学典籍列为学校必修课程。人们兴趣高涨的原因主要有两方面。首先，那些百年甚至千年未决的历史悬案勾起了人们极大的好奇心。再者，人们逐渐意识到，古老的中华文化是一座取之不尽的金矿，从中可以发掘很多经验教训以应用到实践中来解决现在的问题。【翻译词汇】

值得深思的 intriguing 摆满 be packed with 诠释 interpret 讲述 depict 灿烂历史 brilliant history 传奇人物 fascinating historic figure 国学典籍 Chinese classics 必修课程 compulsory course 历史悬案 pending history mystery 再者 furthermore 金矿 gold mine 将…应用到实践中 put...into practice 【精彩译文】The last decade has witnessed an intriguing phenomenon that people are paying more and more attention to traditional Chinese culture.Their bookshelves are packed with books interpreting ancient Chinese wisdom, depicting its brilliant history and fascinating historic figures.What’s more, suggestions that Chinese classics be made a compulsory course have been made.Two factors may account for people’s up-surging interest.To begin with, tremendous curiosity is aroused by those pending history mysteries of hundreds or even thousands of years.Furthermore, people come to realise that ancient Chinese culture serves as a gold mine from which inexhaustible lessons can be learned and put into practice to solve the current problems.（6）

中医是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为振兴华夏作出了巨大贡献。如今，中医和西医在中国的医疗保健领域并驾齐驱。中医以其独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式和丰富的典籍材料备受世界瞩目。中国的中医事业由国家中医药管理局负责。现在国家已经出台了管理中医的政策、法令和法规，引导并促进这个新兴产业的研究和开发。在定义上，中医是指导中国传统医药理论和实践的一种医学，它包括中草药、针灸、推拿、气功和食疗。【翻译词汇】

中医 Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)不可分割的 integral 华夏 China 诊断手法 diagnostic method 系统的 systematic 治疗方式 cure approach 丰富的 abundant 国家中医药管理局 State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology 由…负责 under the adminstration of 管理 govern 新兴产业 promising industry 在定义上 by definition 中草药 herbal medicine 针灸 acupuncture 推拿 Tuina 气功 Qigong 食疗 dietary therapy 【精彩译文】Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is an integral part of Chinese culture.It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China.Today both TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China.TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic cure approaches, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international community.In China, TCM is under the administration of State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology.National strategies, laws and regulations governing TCM are now in place to guide and promote the research and development in this promising industry.By definition, TCM is a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine.It includes herbal medicine, acupuncture, Tuina, Qigong and dietary therapy.(7)“七夕节”，农历七月七日，是一个充满浪漫色彩的传统节日，是庆祝牛郎和织女一年一度相会的日子。他们的爱情不被允许，因此他们被驱逐而分隔于银河两岸。每年的农历七月七日，喜鹊会来搭桥使这对情侣来相会。如今，一些传统的中国风俗仍在农村奉行，在城市却已经削弱。然而，牛郎和织女的传说已经深入人心。近些年来，尤其是城市的年轻人把它当作中国的情人节来庆祝。因此，花店、酒吧和商店的老板非常高兴，因为他们可以卖出更多的商品。【翻译词汇】

七夕节 The Double Seventh Festival 浪漫色彩 romance 牛郎 Niu Lang(Cowherd)织女 Zhi nü(Weaver Maid)一年一度 annual 驱逐 banish 银河 the Milky Way 喜鹊 magpie 使相会 reunite 奉行 observe 削弱 weaken 情人节 Valentine’s Day 商品 commodity 【精彩译文】The Double Seventh Festival, on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, is a traditional festival full of romance.It celebrates the annual meeting of Niu Lang(Cowherd)and Zhi nü(Weaver Maid).Their love was not allowed, and thus they were banished to opposite sides of the Milky Way.Once a year, on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, a flock of magpies would form a bridge to reunite the lovers for one day.Today some traditional customs are still observed in rural areas of China, but have been weakened in urban cities.However, the legend of the Cowhand and Weaver Maid has taken root in the hearts of people.In recent years, in particular, urban youths have celebrated it as Valentine’s Day in China.As a result, owners of flower shops, bars and stores are full of joy as they can sell more commodities.（8）

每年农历的正月十五日，迎来的是中国的传统节日——元宵节。元宵节主要的活动就是看灯。汉朝时期，佛教盛行。明帝听说佛教有正月十五日僧人观佛舍利点灯敬佛的做法，就命令这一天夜晚在皇宫和寺庙里点灯敬佛。以后这种佛教礼仪逐渐形成民间盛大的节日。各式各样美丽的花灯在这一天都会被悬挂,从而吸引了无数游客。猜灯谜也是元宵节的一项重要活动，花灯的主人会将谜面写在纸上，然后贴在灯笼上，将灯笼挂在门口。如果有人可以猜中，就能得到小小的礼物。【翻译词汇】

看灯 watching lanterns 汉朝 the Han Dynasty 佛教 Buddhism 明帝 Emperor Ming 敬佛 worship Buddha 皇宫 imperial palace 礼仪 ritual 盛大的 grand 无数的 countless 猜灯谜 Guessing lantern riddles 贴 paste 【精彩译文】The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month.Watching lanterns is this day’s important activity.Throughout the Han Dynasty, Buddhism flourished in China.Emperor Ming heard that Buddhist monks would watch sarira and light lanterns to worship Buddha on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month.Therefore, he commanded to light lanterns in the imperial palace and temples to show respect to Buddha on this day.Later, the Buddhist ritual developed into a grand festival among common people.Lanterns of various shapes and sizes are hung in the streets, attracting countless visitors.“Guessing lantern riddles” is an essential part of the Festival.Lantern owners write riddles on pieces of paper and paste them on the lanterns.If visitors have got solutions to the riddles, they will obtain a little gift.（9）

农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日——中秋节。在这天，每个家庭都团聚在一起，一家人共同观赏象征丰裕、和谐和好运的圆月。此时，大人们尽情吃着美味的月饼，品着热腾腾的香茗，而孩子们则在一旁拉着明亮的兔子灯尽情玩耍。月宫里美丽的仙女嫦娥的神话故事赋予了这个节日神话色彩。传说古时候，天空曾有10个太阳围着地球旋转。后翌射下了其中9个太阳，拯救了地球上的生灵。他偷了长生不老药，却被妻子嫦娥偷偷喝下，从而产生了嫦娥奔月的故事。【翻译词汇】

中秋节 the Mid-Autumn Festival 团聚 congregate 丰裕 abundance 和谐 harmony 尽情吃着 indulge in 月饼 mooncake 嫦娥 Chang-E 赋予 endow...with...神话色彩 mythological flavour 围绕…旋转 circle(over)长生不老药 the elixir of life 产生 come into being 【精彩译文】The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar month.It is a time for family members to congregate and enjoy the full moon, which is a symbol of abundance, harmony and luck.Adults usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of various kinds with a good cup of hot Chinese tea, while the children run around with their brightly-lit rabbit lanterns.The festival was endowed a mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady in the moon.According to Chinese mythology, the earth once had 10 suns circling over it.Hou Yi, shot down 9 of the suns to save all the lives on carth.He stole the elixir of life, which can make people immortal.However, his wife, Chang-E drank it.Thus the legend of Chang-E flying into the moon came into being.（10）

每年4月4日到6日左右的清明节是传统的扫墓的日子。在这一天，人们祭悼去世的亲人，到先人的坟头上扫墓。唐朝著名诗人杜牧有一首著名的诗，描述了四月初令人伤感的一幕场景：“清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。”与清明节扫墓的悲哀相反，人们在这个日子怀揣着春的希望。清明时节，阳光明媚，树木和小草吐绿，大自然生机盎然。从古代起，人们就去春游。清明时节，游客遍地。如今，清明节是中国大陆的法定假日。【翻译词汇】

清明节 the Qingming Festival 扫墓 tomb-sweeping 去世 depart 唐朝 the Tang Dynasty 杜牧 Du Mu 清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes, and passers-by with lowered spirits go.与…相反 in contrast to 春游 Spring outing 中国大陆 mainland China 法定假日 statutory public holiday 【精彩译文】The Qingming Festival, the traditional tomb-sweeping day, falls on April 4-6 each year.It is a time for remembering loved ones who departed.People visit their ancestors’ graves to sweep away the dirt.A well-known poem by the Tang Dynasty Du Mu tells of a sad scene in early April: “Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes, and passers-by with lowered spirits go.” In contrast to the sadness of the tomb-sweeping, people also enjoy hope of Spring on this day.The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly, the trees and grass become green and nature is again lively.Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Spring outing.At this time tourists are everywhere.Today, the Qingming Festival is a statutory public holiday in mainland China.（11）

端午节可以追溯到公元前227年的战国时代。这个节日是为了纪念楚国的大夫屈原，他因为对朝廷的贪污腐败感到绝望而投河自尽。镇上的人纷纷冲上船去救他，却没有成功。后来大家把米撒到水里，希望把饥饿的鱼群从他的躯体边引开。多年以后，屈原逝世的故事逐渐演变成赛龙舟和吃粽子(一种包在竹叶中的米食)的传统。2009年，端午节被联合国教科文组织宣布为非物质文化遗产。【翻译词汇】

端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival 追溯到 date back to 战国时代 the Warring States Period 纪念 commemorate 大夫minister 因…感到绝望 despair over 没有成功 in vain 撒 scatter 引开 distract 演变成transform into 赛龙舟 race dragon boats 吃粽子 zongzi—a kind of rice wrapped in bamboo leaves 联合国教科文组织 United Nations’ Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)宣布 proclaim 非物质文化遗产 intangible cultural heritage 【精彩译文】The Dragon Boat Festival can date back to the Warring States Period in 227 B.C.The festival commemorates Qu Yuan, a minister in the service of the Chu Emperor.Despairing over corruption at court, Qu threw himself into a river.Townspeople jumped into their boats and tried in vain to save him.Then, hoping to distract hungry fish from his body, the people scattered rice into the water.Over the years, the story of Qu’s death transformed into the traditions of racing dragon boats and eating zongzi—a kind of rice wrapped in bamboo leaves.The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival was proclaimed an intangible cultural heritage by the United Nations’ Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)in 2009.（12）

远在文字出现之前，歌谣跟口头流传的神话就已大量产生。中国的文学正是开始于此。不过，歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的方式，因此也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。如今，我们只能从一些古书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托，能够断定出处的歌谣要到《诗经》里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显著。【翻译词汇】 歌谣 ballad 随兴而发 improvise 痕迹 trace 推断 deduce 年代非常久远的 time-honored 伪托 derivative 《诗经》 The Book of Songs 【精彩译文】Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular.Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions.However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace.Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of these are believed to be derivatives of later generations.Ballads in The Book of Songs are the earliest writings that can be dated.From this point of view, ancient mythology has had a greater influence on Chinese literature.（13）

《红楼梦》由曹雪芹和高鹗所著。小说以贾氏家族为故事核心，描述了贾家从一个富裕、有权有势的家族沦落为破落家庭的过程。小说成功塑造了100多个经典人物，他们分属于清朝的不同阶层。《红楼梦》对中国的封建社会有深刻的描绘,如果要了解中国人复杂的价值观,最好先能读懂《红楼梦》。毛主席评价道：“《红楼梦》不仅是爱情故事，也是历史故事，因为它描述了封建时代的兴败。” 【翻译词汇】

《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions 由…所著 be attributed to 家族 clan 富裕 affluent 权势 prestige 沦落为 descend to 塑造 portray 阶层 rank 封建社会 feudal society 复杂 complexity 【精彩译文】A Dream of Red Mansions is attributed to Cao Xueqin and Gao-E.The author chose Jia Clan as the focus, depicting how an affluent and influential family with prestige lost its favor and descended to crash.In the novel, about 100 classic characters are successfully portrayed.These characters concern people of all ranks in the Qing Dynasty.A Dream of Red Mansions is a remarkable story about Chinese feudal society.To understand Chinese values in all its complexity, one can do no better than to read A Dream of Red Mansions.“It is not only a love story, but also a history story, because it describes the success and failure of the feudal period,” said Chairman Mao.（14）

京剧被奉为中国的国粹，来源于18世纪晚期的安徽和湖北的当地剧种。京剧是中国所有剧种中最有影响力和代表性的，在中国乃至世界享有声誉。京剧完美融合了多种艺术形式。京剧集传统音乐、舞蹈、诗歌、杂耍、武术于一身，以华丽的戏服、逼真的脸谱和程式化的演出套路而闻名。京剧脸谱上每一种图形和亮丽的颜色都有象征意义：红色表示忠诚，蓝色表示残暴，黑色表示正直。【翻译词汇】 京剧 Peking Opera 国粹 national opera 有代表性的 representative 完美融合 harmonious combination 杂耍 acrobatics 武术 martial arts 华丽的戏服 exquisite costume 脸谱 make-up or painted face 象征的 symbolic 忠诚 loyalty 残暴 cruelty 正直 honesty 【精彩译文】Known as China’s national opera, Peking Opera originated in the late 18th century from the basis of some local operas in Anhui and Hubei Provinces.Peking Opera is the most influential and representative of all operas in China.It has won great popularity not only in China but also throughout the world.Peking Opera is a harmonious combination of many art forms.It is a synthesis of traditional music, dancing, poetry, acrobatics and martial arts.It is famous for its exquisite costumes, beautiful make-up or painted face, and established performing conventions and rules.Each of patterns and brilliant colors on the painted face has a symbolic meaning: red suggests loyalty;blue suggests cruelty;black suggests honesty.（15）

中国人使用筷子已经有3 000多年的历史了。中国的筷子夹菜的一端是圆的，象征着天；另一端是方的，象征着地。这是因为，维持充足的食物供应是天地之间最重要的事情。中国有个古老的风俗，女子出嫁时要用筷子当嫁妆，因为“筷子”与“快子”谐音。根据中国的餐桌礼仪，吃饭时一直握着筷子是不礼貌的。将菜送入口中后，应立刻把筷子放下。吃饭时，用筷子指着别人会对其造成冒犯。【翻译词汇】 筷子 chopsticks 维持 maintain 充足的 adequate 嫁妆 dowry 谐音 be pronounced the same as 餐桌礼仪 table manners 不礼貌的 impolite 冒犯 offend 【精彩译文】There has been a history of more than 3 000 years for the Chinese to have meals with chopsticks.Chinese chopsticks are round on the eating end which symbolizes the heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes the earth.It is because maintaining an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between the heaven and the earth.There is an old custom in the past in China, that chopsticks should be a part of a girl’s dowry.Kuaizi(chopsticks)is pronounced the same as “kuai zi”.The latter symbolized “quick” and “son”.According to the Chinese traditional table manners, it is impolite to hold the chopsticks all the time over the meal.As soon as one person sends a bite into his mouth, he should put down the chopsticks.It would offend others to point at them with chopsticks over the meal.（16）

中国位于亚洲东部，是世界上人口最多的国家。中国是世界四大文明古国之一，拥有大量的中华文化光辉的古迹，此外，中国地大物博，拥有茂密的森林、雄伟壮丽的瀑布、秀丽的湖泊以及如利剑直插云霄的山峰，所有这些都令世界各国人民神往。但是，更重要的是，中国以拥有五千多年的历史而自豪，遗留下无数的历史文物，其中包括珍贵珠宝、古迹名胜、宫殿及数不尽的雄伟建筑，令人惊叹不已。这种种原因都促使中国成为许多人梦寐以求的旅游胜地。【翻译词汇】

四大文明古国 the four countries that have an ancient civilization 地大物博

vast territory with abundant natural resources 雄伟壮丽的瀑布 magnificent waterfalls 秀丽的 majestic and beautiful 利剑 sword 古迹 historical remains 以…而自豪 boast 无数的 innumerable 历史文物 historical relics 古迹名胜 historic sites and scenic spots 建筑 edifice 【精彩译文】China lies in the east of Asia and it has the largest population in the world.China is also one of the four countries in the world that have an ancient civilization, Besides, it has a vast territory with such abundant natural resources as dense forests, magnificent waterfalls, majestic and beautiful rivers and lakes, and mountains whose peaks reach high into the sky like swords.All these make China a singularly attractive place to tourists around the world.But, most importantly, China boasts a history of over five thousand years with innumerable historical relics left over from the long past, such as priceless pearls and jewels, historic sites and scenic spots, palaces and edifices of architectural richness, all of which have won people’s admiration.You are sure to find great enjoyment from all these attractions in China, a much-admired dream land.（17）

故宫，又名紫禁城，为明清共二十四位皇帝统治中国近500年的皇宫。它位于北京市中心，在天安门广场的北侧，形状为长方形。南北长960米，东西宽750米，占地72公顷，总建筑面积达15万平方米。故宫是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代木构宫殿。它分为外朝和内廷两部分，外朝是皇帝上朝处理国家大事的地方，内廷是皇帝和皇室的居住地。1987年，故宫被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产。【翻译词汇】

故宫 the Imperial Palace 紫禁城 the Forbidden City 天安门广场 Tian’anmen Square 长方形 rectangular 建筑面积 floor space 现存 in existence 上朝 give audience 处理 handle 世界文化遗产 World Cultural Heritage 【精彩译文】The Imperial Palace, also called the Forbidden City was the palace where the 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for roughly 500 years.The Imperial Palace is located in the center of Beijing, on the northern side of Tian’anmen Square, rectangular in shape, 960 meters from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, with an area of 72 hectares and a total floor space of 150 000 square meters.It’s the world’s largest and most integral palace made of wood in existence.The Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court.The outer court was the place where the emperors gave audience and handled state affairs, while the inner court was the living quarters for the emperors and their families.In 1987 the Imperial Palace was listed by the UNESCO as one of the World Cultural Heritage sites.（18）

天津市古文化街于1986年元旦建成开业，全长687米，为模仿清民间建筑风格。它坐落在南开区海河西岸，是一条商业步行街，值得一看。再者，古文化街是天津市的发祥地，也是天津最早的文化、宗教和商业中心。天后宫（即著名的妈祖庙）就在这条街的中心。这条街上出售古玩、古旧书籍、传统手工艺制品和民俗用品。天津的民间艺术品杨柳青年画、泥人张彩塑、风筝魏风筝、刘氏砖刻在此也都设有专店。这里还有风味小吃，如茶汤、锅巴菜、耳朵眼炸糕。【翻译词汇】

古文化街 the Ancient Culture Street 模仿 imitate 商业步行街 commercial pedestrian street 天津市的发祥地 the Cradle of Tianjin 天后宫 Tianhou Temple 妈祖庙 Mazu Temple 古玩 antique 手工艺制品 handicraft 民俗用品 folk product 杨柳青年画 Yangliuqing New Year painting 泥人张彩塑 Niren Zhang’s Colour-Clay Figurine 刘氏砖刻Liu Carving 风味小吃 snack 茶汤 Chatang Soup 锅巴菜 Guobacai 耳朵眼炸糕 Earhole Fried Cake 【精彩译文】Opened on New Year’ Day in 1986, the Ancient Culture Street in Tianjin city is 687 meters long, with its architecture imitating the folk style of the Qing Dynasty.Located on the west bank of Haihe River in Nankai District, it is a commercial pedestrian street which is worth visiting.Furthermore, this street is known as the Cradle of Tianjin, and is the first cultural, religious and business centre of the city.In its centre is the famous Tianhou(Heavenly Queen)Temple, more popularly known as Mazu.Antiques, ancient books, traditional handicrafts and folk products are sold here.Additionally, the traditional folk-art Yangliuqing New Year paintings, Niren Zhang’s Colour-Clay Figurines, Wei Kites and Liu Carvings all have their shops there.There are also local snacks such as Chatang Soup, Guobacai, Earhole Fried Cake, etc.（19）

天津热带植物观光园，坐落在中国晚香玉之乡，华北地区最大的花卉集散地曹庄花卉市场旁。由中北镇政府投资2.6亿元建成，占地面积500亩，建筑面积40 000平方米。其集观赏、娱乐、休闲、购物、科普教育于一体，堪称亚洲地区最大室内植物园，可与英国“伊甸园”相媲美，是天津壮观的新景区，被人们称为北方的“西双版纳”。【翻译词汇】

天津热带植物观光园 Tianjin Tropical Botanical Touring Garden 中国晚香玉之乡 The Tuberose Village of China 集散地 distributing center 投资 investment 集…于一体 integrate...into...观赏 sightseeing 娱乐 recreation 休闲 relaxing 科普 science popularizing 伊甸园 Eden 壮观的 spectacular 【精彩译文】Tianjin Tropical Botanical Touring Garden, situated at“The Tuberose Village of China”, locates beside Caozhuang flower market, which is the largest flower distributing center in the north of China.The total investment of the garden is 260 million RMB.The garden unfolds over 500 mu and the architectural area is 40 000 square meters.It integrates sightseeing, recreation, relaxing, shopping, etc.into science popularizing.This garden is by far the largest greenhouse in Asia, which can be compared to the Eden in England.It is a recently spectacular scenic spot in Tianjin.People regard it as “Xishuangbanna” of China North.（20）

三峡，是万里长江一段风景壮丽的大峡谷，为中国十大风景名胜之一。它西起四川省奉节县的白帝城，向东延伸至湖北省宜昌市的南津关，由瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡组成，全长192公里。长江三峡，无限风光。瞿塘峡的雄伟，巫峡的秀丽，西陵峡的险峻，还有三段峡谷的大宁河、香溪、神农溪的古朴，并伴随着许多美丽的神话和动人的传说，令人心驰神往。【翻译词汇】 三峡 the Yangtze River’s Three Gorges 壮丽 splendid 延伸 extend 白帝城 White King Town 由…组成 consist of 瞿塘峡 Qutang Gorge 巫峡 Wu Gorge 西陵峡 Xiling Gorge 险峻 perilousness 古朴 primitive simplicity 神话 fairy tale 动人的 moving 【精彩译文】The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges is a great valley with the most splendid landscape on the Yangtze(Changjiang)River and also one of the ten most famous scenic sites of China.It extends from White King Town in Fengjie County, Sichuan Province, to Nanjin Pass in Yichang, Hubei Province, and consists of Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge, with a full length of 192 kilometers.The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges presents a scene of boundless varieties with the magnificence of Qutang Gorge, the elegance of Wu Gorge, the perilousness of Xiling Gorge as well as the primitive simplicity of Daning, Xiang and Shennong Rivers.And what’s more, each scene is related to a wonderful fairy tale or a moving legend which attract people.（21）

丝绸之路是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要贸易路线。因为这条路上的丝绸贸易占多数，故而在1877年被德国的一位杰出的地理学家命名为“丝绸之路”。同时，丝绸之路也是其他许多商品进行交易的主干线，也是传播技术的一条主要通道。通过丝绸之路传入中国的事物中意义最为重大的当属佛教。中国的养蚕技术、生铁锻造技术和灌溉技术曾通过丝绸之路传播到中亚、南亚和欧洲。【翻译词汇】

丝绸之路 the Silk Route 地中海 the Mediterranean 杰出的 eminent 地理学家 geographer 交易 exchange 主干线 artery 养蚕 silkworm breeding 生铁锻造 iron smelting 灌溉 irrigation 【精彩译文】The Silk Route is an important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean in history.Since silk accounted for a large proportion of trade along this route, in 1877, it was named the Silk Route by an eminent German geographer.In the meantime, this route served as an artery of exchange for many other products, and more importantly, their technology.One of the most significant objects introduced to China via the Silk Route is Buddhism.Chinese techniques of silkworm breeding, iron smelting and irrigation spread to Central and Southern Asia and to Europe.（22）

在大家庭里，老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈人得到全家的呵护。中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人提供生活费并帮助他们干家务活儿。在农村，尽管大家庭解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还和父母住在同一个院子里。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。【翻译词汇】

大家庭 extended family 宪法 Constitution 规定 stipulate 义不容辞的责任 duty-bound 生活费 living allowance 家务活 chore 解体 dissolve 分家 breaking up the extended family 分灶 cook their meals separately 【精彩译文】In extended families, the older members’ opinions are respected, and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by all.China’s Constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents.In the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents offer them living allowances and help them with the chores.In the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents.To them, breaking up the extended family means only cooking their meals separately.Most often they have their houses built near their parents’ home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.（23）

中国有一句俗语叫做“不孝有三，无后为大”。但现在，很多时尚的年轻夫妇选择不生育孩子的生活方式，组建了丁克家庭。很多夫妻担心无法给孩子提供优越的生活条件，选择成为丁克家庭。现在，孩子的教育费用比过去高很多。在大城市，送孩子上好一点的幼儿园要花费巨资，重点中小学的学费更高。还有一些夫妻成为丁克家庭是迫不得已。当他们做好准备生育孩子时，已经错过了最佳生育年龄。【翻译词汇】

不孝有三，无后为大。There are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants.时尚的 fashionable 生活方式 lifestyle 丁克家庭 DINK family 担心 fearful 优越的 favourable 重点中小学 the key primary or secondary school 迫不得已 be obliged to do sth.做好准备 make preparations for 【精彩译文】A popular saying has it that “There are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants.”But now, it is quite fashionable for many young couples to choose a lifestyle without kids and organize the DINK family.Some couples who choose DINK family are fearful that they cannot provide favourable living conditions for children.Nowadays, the cost of educating a child is much higher than that of the past.In a big city, to send a child to a better kindergarten takes a large amount of money and the key primary or secondary schools are even more expensive.Some couples who have chosen DINK family are obliged to do so.When they make preparations for having a baby, it is a pity that they have missed the most fertile years.（24）

空巢家庭是近年来出现的一种新型的家庭结构。子女们没有和双亲住在一个地方，所以他们不能照料父母。并且他们中很多不断搬来搬去，一些甚至住到国外，这就更难以照料到双亲了。居住于这种家庭的老人被称为空巢老人。随着老龄化人口的迅速增长，中国面临着如何照顾空巢老人的挑战。国家出台了一项关于允许老年人因子女忽视对其赡养而控告子女的新法规，督促子女尽到照顾老人的义务。【翻译词汇】 空巢 Empty Nest 出现 emerge 不断 constantly 国外 overseas 居住 reside 空巢老人 empty nester 挑战 challenge 老年人 senior 忽视 neglect 控告 take...to court 尽到…义务 fulfill the obligations to do sth.【精彩译文】Empty Nest is a new kind of family structure that has emerged in recent years.Children do not stay in the same place so they cannot look after their parents.What’s mone, Many move around constantly, and some are even overseas, which is making it even harder to look after the parents.The aged who reside in this kind of family are called empty nesters.With the rapid expansion of the aging population, China faces challenges in looking after empty nesters.In China, in order to make the children fulfill the obligations to look after their parents, a new law allows seniors to take their children to court for neglect.（25）

如今在中国“啃老族”的现象受到了人们广泛的关注。“啃老族”指那些没上学、没参加工作，也没参加考试培训的年轻人，他们在家待业靠父母养活。“啃老族”形成的原因主要有两方面。一是自1999年大学扩招开始，越来越多的大学毕业生涌入就业市场，但一部分毕业生并未准备充分，因此失业在家。另一方面，有些年轻人是家里的独生子女，从小娇生惯养，因此他们虽然长大成人，但心理上却依然依赖父母。【翻译词汇】 啃老族 NEET 参加 engage in 大学扩招 the expansion of university enrollment 涌入 pour into 就业市场 job-hunting market 娇生惯养 spoil 心理上 psychologically 依赖 be dependent on 【精彩译文】Now in China the problem of “NEET” has been brought into public attention.NEET refers to the group of young people who do not currently receive education, engage in employment or training and they just stay at home, relying on their parents to support them.There are mainly two reasons for this phenomenon.For one thing, since the expansion of university enrollment in 1999, an increasing number of college graduates have poured into job-hunting market.However, some of them are not fully prepared and thus become unemployed.For another, some young people are the only children of their family and badly spoilt.As a result, they are psychologically dependent on their parents even when they are grown-ups.（26）

如今，许多大学毕业生纷纷报考公务员职位。为什么大学毕业生们如此钟情公务员这个饭碗？我们不能否认有部分应试者的确是抱着服务人民、服务祖国的梦想来报考的。但是我们也注意到另外一个现象，有的热门职位，如海关官员，有上千应试者争报，也有很多收入低的职位无人问津。这种现象告诉我们不少人报考公务员只是出于自身利益考虑。我们的政府所需要的是受过良好教育的年轻人自愿为国效力，而不是只顾自我的利益。【翻译词汇】 报考 apply for 公务员 civil servant 否认 deny 应试者 candidate 服务人民、服务祖国 serve their people and motherland热门职位 coveted position 海关官员 Customs officer 收入低的 low-paid 受过良好教育的 well-educated 【精彩译文】Nowadays, many graduates apply for the jobs of civil servants.What makes the position of civil servant so popular among college graduates? We cannot deny that a certain amount of candidates want to serve their people and motherland.But we also note the phenomenon that when thousands of candidates are competing for the coveted position like the post of Customs officer, there are also neglected low-paid posts.This phenomenon tells us that some students choose to work for the government with an eye on interest.Our government needs well-educated young men to serve the country voluntarily instead of caring about their own interest only.（27）

从2008年开始，法定假日模式发生了变化：过去为期7天的五一劳动节已缩短为3天，设立了一些新的、为期三天的假期，诸如清明节、端午节和中秋节等。这种变化已经成为一个全国性的热门话题。对这一变化，大家见仁见智。有些人认为这十分有益。首先，它可以恢复和巩固中国传统。清明节可以提醒人们缅怀祖先以及那些为了国家解放英勇牺牲的先烈，端午节可以使人们更好地了解民族主义，中秋节可以让人分享家庭团聚的幸福。其次，短假期的设立有助于缓解交通压力。【翻译词汇】

五一劳动节 Labor’s Day 设立 set up 热门话题 hot topic 十分有益 be of great benefit 恢复 restore 巩固 consolidate 为…牺牲 sacrifice oneself for 民族主义 nationalism 家庭团聚 family-gathering 缓解 relieve 【精彩译文】From 2008, the national public holiday pattern has changed: The previous seven-day Labor’s Day has been shortened into a three-day holiday, with some new three-day holidays set up, such as the Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, and Mid-Autumn Day.And this change has become a hot topic around the country.People hold different opinions about this change.Some argue that it is of great benefit.Firstly, it can restore and consolidate Chinese traditions, for the Qingming Festival can remind people of their ancestors and those who sacrifice themselves for the liberation of the country;the Dragon Boat Festival can make people better understand nationalism;and the Mid-Autumn Day can make people share the happiness of family-gathering.Secondly, it’s helpful to relieve pressure on transportation with the shorter holidays adopted.（28）

经历了几千年缓慢的各代人都几乎觉察不到的发展之后，城市正在突然迅速地向四面八方扩展开来。现在中国城市人口每年以7%的速度在增长，而在大城市里则达到每年增长10%的速度。仅举一个可以看得见的城市加速扩展的例子，上海目前每小时要增加十栋楼房和一百平方米的马路，且这个速度近几年并不会减慢。随着农村面积的逐步缩小，绝大多数人口正在向市区迁移，我们正在向一个城市化的社会发展。【翻译词汇】

向四面八方 in every direction 扩展 reach out 速度 rate/race 看得见的 visible 楼房 dwelling 减慢 slacken 缩小 shrink 城市化的 urbanized 【精彩译文】After thousands of slow growth that was hardly noticed by any generation, the cities are suddenly reaching out in every direction.Unban population in China increases by 7 percent a year, but in big cities the rate may be as high as 10 percent a year.To give only one most visible example, Shanghai today grows by 10 dwellings and 100 square metres of road every hour, and there is no reason to believe that this pace will slacken in necent years.We are now heading towards an urbanized society as the vast majority of rural people move into the city with the rural areas gradually shrinking.（29）

海龟，意为“海归”，常被用于称赞那些将国外先进技术引进中国的留学生们。过去，海龟们曾在当地就业市场中获得可观收入。然而，好时光一去不复返。如今，海龟们不再获得普遍好评，他们与当地劳动力的工资差距正在减少，有些甚至难以找到工作。有人说他们现在应该被称为海待（海带）。他们的重要性为何会下降？一些研究表明，海龟们平均需要花更多时间才能找到高级职位。另一个原因，则是因为中国国内市场腾飞，电子商务等产业逐步发展，而海龟们由于待在国外和这些产业脱轨。【翻译词汇】 海龟 sea turtle 称赞

applaud 先进的 advanced 获得可观收入 reap handsome premium 海带 seaweed 下降 decline平均 on average 高级的 senior 国内的 demestic 腾飞 take off 电子商务 e-commerce 逐步发展 evolve 【精彩译文】The “sea turtle”, or “Hai Gui”(meaning returning students after studying abnoad), was long applauded in China for bringing back advanced skills.In the past such people reaped handsome premiums in the local job market, but it is no longer now.Nowadays, sea turtles are not universally praised, the wage differential is shrinking and some are even unable to find jobs.Some people say they should now be called “Hai Dai”, or seaweed.Why is their importance declining? Some studies show that sea turtles on average must now wait longer to find senior posts.Another is that, as China’s domestic market has taken off, industries such as e-commerce have evolved in ways unfamiliar to the poeple who spent years abroad.（30）

一项新的研究表明，由于烧煤引发的严重空气污染将缩短中国北方居民的寿命。研究人员估计，因为呼吸的空气更污浊，20世纪90年代居于北方的5亿居民要比南方的居民平均少活5年。几十年来，国家政策只允许给寒冷的北方地区提供免费的煤燃料供暖，现在已经废除了这项政策。研究人员发现，在南北两个地区，空气中颗粒物污染和人们的预期寿命都存在显著差异。研究人员称,研究结果可以用来推断在世界范围内这种污染对寿命的影响。【翻译词汇】 烧煤

coal burning 缩短 shorten 估计 estimate 供暖 heating 废除 abolish 颗粒物

particle 预期寿命 life expectancy 推断 deduce 【精彩译文】A new study suggests heavy air pollution from coal burning will shorten people’s lives in northern China.Researchers estimate that the half billion people in the north in 1990s will live an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts because they breathed dirtier air.For decades, the government policy provided free coal for heating in the colder north, but now this policy has been abolished.Researchers found significant differences in both particle pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.The researchers said the results could be used to deduce the impacts of such pollution on life spans worldwide.（31）

人们总说：年轻人喜爱追求新潮，而如今有这样一群大学生，他们热衷于传统文化，扮演着传统文化宣传者的角色。主修动画专业、25岁的马来西亚籍留学生陈哲伦一手创办了“扯铃社”（“空竹”又称“扯铃”），目的是恢复这项中国传统游戏的人气。22岁的大四年级学生王峰就读于青岛大学科技大学，主修会计专业，他选择另辟蹊径。他认为，要想在同龄人中推广传统文化，关键在于要将当下的流行元素融入其中。王峰说:“自从我们增加了像五子棋和三国杀这样的棋类游戏之后，更多人前来加入了社团。” 【翻译词汇】

热衷于 be dead keen on 文化宣传者 cultural promoter 主修 major in 动画 animation 扯铃（空竹）diabolo 大四年级学生 senior 会计 accounting 同龄人 peer 将…融入… integrate...into...五子棋 Five-in-a-Row 三国杀 Three Kingdoms Kill(sanguosha)【精彩译文】People always say that the young’s tastes run toward what's current.However, there are those who are dead keen on traditional culture and play the role of cultural promoters.Chen Zhelun, 25, a Malaysian-Chinese majoring in animation, founded the diabolo club, which aims to restore the popularity of this traditional Chinese game.Wang Feng, 22, a senior majoring in accounting at Qingdao University of Science & Technology takes a different approach.He sees the key to promoting traditional culture among his peers is to integrate trendy and modern elements into it.“Since we added other board games like Five-in-a-Row and Three Kingdoms Kill(sanguosha), more members have joined,” says Wang Feng.（32）

世界上房价最贵的十座城市有7个在中国：北京、上海、深圳、香港、天津、广州和重庆。纽约一间中等价格的公寓是一个普通家庭一年收入的6.2倍多，而在北京的中心城区一次性付款买下一套房子要花费一个中国家庭近25年的收入。抑制房价的政策没有奏效，这是一个令政府焦虑的消息。房价是引发民众不满的主要原因之一，但危险并不仅仅是民众骚乱的威胁；另外，快速上涨的房价让人们感觉财富减少，从而不愿去消费，导致降低了GDP指标。【翻译词汇】 中等价格 mid-range 普通的 ondciany 一次性付款买下 buy sth.outright 抑制 curb 不满 resentment 骚乱 unrest 快速上涨的 soaring 不愿 be less inclined to 指标 index 【精彩译文】Seven out of 10 of the world’s ten most expensive housing markets—Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Tianjin, Guangzhou and Chongqing—are now in China.The mid—range price an ondinany of an apartment in New York is 6.2 times more than what a typical family earns in a year.By comparison, it will take nearly a quarter-century of earnings to buy a house in Beijing’s capital outright.Policies to curb housing inflation don’t work, which is worrying news for the government.Housing prices are a major source of public resentment.The risk isn’t just the threat of popular unrest, though: It’s that soaring property prices make people feel less wealthy and less inclined to consume and it will lead to lower GDP index.（33）

近年来中国经济增长很快，而污染和排放问题也同样惊人。中国已是全球最大的二氧化碳排放国，尽管其经济规模仅为美国的一半左右。导致这一问题的最大污染源是煤炭。中国煤炭消耗量约占全球的五分之二，并以每年约10%的速度增长。针对这一问题，中国政府正开始发起低碳行动，这将推动其未来的增长、发展和能源安全目标。政府还制定了雄心勃勃的可再生能源利用目标：希望在2020年前，约20%的电力需求由风能和太阳能来满足。【翻译词汇】 排放 emission 二氧化碳 carbon dioxide 经济规模 economic scale 针对 tackle 低碳行动 low-carbon action 能源安全 energy security 雄心勃勃的 ambitious 可再生能源 renewable energy 太阳能 solar power 【精彩译文】In recent years China’s economy grows very fast.However, its pollution and emission problems are also surprising.China is already the biggest country of carbon dioxide despite the fact that its economic scale is only about a half of the US.Coal is the chief source of pollution that leads to the crisis.China consumes about two-fifths of the world’s coal at a growth rate of about 10 percent a year.In order to tackle the problem, Chinese government starts a low-carbon action which will foster its future growth, development and energy security objectives.The government has also set an ambitious goal for using renewable energy, hoping that by 2020 about 20 percent of electricity needs will be met by wind and solar power.（34）“春联”也被称为“对联”，在中国是一种特殊的文学形式。春联由贴在门口两侧两组对立的句子组成。在门上面的横批通常是一个吉祥的短语。贴在门右侧的句子被称作对联的上联，左侧的为下联。除夕那天，每家都会在门上贴上红纸写的春联，传递出节日喜庆和热闹的气氛。在过去，中国人通常用毛笔自己写春联或者请别人写春联，而现在人们普遍在市场上买印刷好的春联。【翻译词汇】

春联 the Spring Couplet 对联 couplet 由…组成 be composed of 对立的句子 antithetical sentences 横批 horizontal scroll bearing an inscription 吉祥的 auspicious 上联 the first line of the couplet 下联 the second line of the couplet 家 household 热闹的 bustling 【精彩译文】“The Spring Couplet”, also called “couplet”, is a special form of literature in China.The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door.Above the gate is a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, usually an auspicious phrase.The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet, and the left one is the second line of the couplet.On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household will paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and bustling atmosphere of the Festival.In the past, the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do it for them, while nowadays it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.（35）

在中国，小孩的满月酒和抓周仪式独具特色。小孩出生满一个月的那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋好友，邀请他们一起来参加仪式以庆祝这一特别时刻。小孩满周岁的那天有抓周的仪式。按照中国的传统，父母及他人不给予任何引导或暗示，任孩子随意挑选，看孩子抓喜欢的物件，并以此为依据来预测孩子潜在的志趣和将来从事的职业以及前途。【翻译词汇】

满月酒 One-Month-Old Feast 抓周 One-Year-Old Catch 独具特色 be of unique characteristics 仪式 ceremony 特别的时刻 occasion 引导 instruction 暗示 clue 物件 article 预测 make predictions 潜在的 potential 【精彩译文】In China, One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics.On the day when a baby is one month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion.On the day when a baby is one year old, there is a One-Year-Old Catch.According to traditional Chinese custom, nobody will give any instruction or clue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself.Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest, future career and development.（36）

中西方饮食习惯存在极大的差异。不同于西方那种每人一盘食物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在桌上让大家共同分享的。如果你去中国人家里做客，主人会用精心制作的一大桌子菜来款待你。中国人对于自己的烹饪文化感到非常自豪，而且会尽全力去展示自己的热情好客。而且有时候，中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。这是礼貌的体现。【翻译词汇】

饮食习惯 eating habit 不同于 unlike 精心制作的 elaborate 款待 entertain 烹饪文化 culture of cuisine 热情好客 hospitality 主人 host 筷子 chopsticks 【精彩译文】There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits.Unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares them.If you visit a Chinese home, the host will entertain you with a lot of elaborate dishes.Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality.And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate.This is a sign of politeness.（37）

孔子是一位思想家、政治家和教育家，儒学思想的创始人。两千多年来，享受着儒学带来的空前和平与繁荣的局面，并因此实现了高度的文化统一和延续。中国思想史上20世纪最伟大的权威之一冯友兰，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。数百年来，中国的友邻，包括韩国、越南等也选定孔子作为自己的文化先师，儒学也为世界文明的发展产生了深远的影响。【翻译词汇】 孔子 Confucius 儒学思想 Confucianism 带来 bring about 空前 considerable 因此 hence 高度的 incomparable degree of 延续 continuity 权威 authority 将…比作 compare...with 苏格拉底 Socrates 选定 adopt 产生深远影响 have a great influence on 【精彩译文】Confucius is a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of Confucianism.For more than 2 000 years, China enjoyed considerable peace and prosperity brought about by Confucianism.Hence, China achieved an incomparable degree of cultural unity and continuity.Fung Youlan, one of the greatest 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius’ influence in Chinese history to that of Socrates in the West.For centuries, China’s neighbors, such as Korea and Vietnam, have adopted Confucius as their cultural teachers.Confucianism has also a great influence on the world civilization.（38）

景德镇，中国瓷都，是世界瓷器艺术花园的耀眼明珠。它是江南一个有影响力的城镇。它瓷器制造的历史已经有1 700多年，已经形成了丰富的瓷器文化传统。稀有的瓷器文物、一流的瓷器工艺、瓷乐器的优雅表演，以及优美的田园风光组成了景德镇特别的旅游文化，而且让景德镇成为中国唯一一个以瓷器文化为特色的旅游城市。【翻译词汇】 景德镇 Jingdezhen 瓷都 ceramic metropolis 耀眼明珠 brilliant pearl 有影响力的powerful 瓷器制造 porcelain making 稀有的 rare 文物 relics 一流的 superb 工艺 craftsmanship 乐器 musical instrument 优雅（的）graceful 田园风光 rural scenery 组成 make up 特别的 peculiar 旅游文化 tourist culture 以…为特色 feature 【精彩译文】Jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of China is a brilliant pearl in the world’s art garden of ceramics.It is a powerful town on the south of the Yangtze River.It has a porcelain making history of over 1 700 years, which has formed its rich cultural tradition of ceramics.Rare ceramic relics, superb ceramic craftsmanship, graceful performance of ceramic musical instruments and beautiful rural scenery make up the peculiar tourist culture of Jingdezhen and hence make Jingdezhen the only Chinese tourist city featuring ceramic culture.（39）

赵州桥坐落在洨河上，距离赵县南部约2.5公里。这座桥是在公元605年至公元616年建造的。赵州桥是由中国著名的匠师李春设计的，是用石头建造的，长50.82米，宽10米，还有一个不可思议的弧形桥洞，高7.23米，跨度为37.35米。桥上的石头栏杆和柱子上雕刻着美丽的龙凤图案。这座桥是一座空腹式的圆弧形石拱桥，两边有两个小拱，这是中国最早的拱桥之一，在中国桥梁建筑史上占有重要的地位，让游客和工程师们都很感兴趣。【翻译词汇】

赵州桥 Zhaozhou Bridge 洨河 Jiao River 建造 construct 匠师

mason 不可思议的 unusual 弧形桥洞 arch 跨度 span 栏杆 railing 柱子 column 龙凤 dragon and phoenix 空腹式的 open-spandrel 占有 occupy 【精彩译文】Zhaozhou Bridge was built on the Jiao River about 2.5 kilometers away from the south of Zhaoxian county.The bridge was constructed in AD 605-616.