第一篇：数学专业英语词汇英汉对照
数学专业英语词汇英汉对照
Tag： 数学
专业
英语
词汇
英汉概率论与数理统计词汇英汉对照表 A absolute value 绝对值 accept 接受
acceptable region 接受域 additivity 可加性 adjusted 调整的
alternative hypothesis 对立假设 analysis 分析
analysis of covariance 协方差分析 analysis of variance 方差分析 arithmetic mean 算术平均值 association 相关性 assumption 假设
assumption checking 假设检验 availability 有效度 average 均值 B balanced平衡的 band 带宽
bar chart 条形图
beta-distribution 贝塔分布 between groups 组间的 bias 偏倚
binomial distribution 二项分布 binomial test 二项检验 C calculate 计算 case 个案 category 类别
center of gravity 重心 central tendency 中心趋势
chi-square distribution 卡方分布 chi-square test 卡方检验 classify 分类
cluster analysis 聚类分析 coefficient 系数
coefficient of correlation 相关系数 collinearity 共线性 column 列 compare 比较 comparison 对照
components 构成，分量 compound 复合的
confidence interval 置信区间 consistency 一致性 constant 常数
continuous variable 连续变量 control charts 控制图 correlation 相关 covariance 协方差
covariance matrix 协方差矩阵 critical point 临界点 critical value 临界值 crosstab 列联表
cubic 三次的，立方的 cubic term 三次项
cumulative distribution function 累加分布函数 curve estimation 曲线估计 D data 数据
default 默认的 definition 定义
deleted residual 剔除残差 density function 密度函数 dependent variable 因变量 description 描述
design of experiment 试验设计 deviations 差异
df.(degree of freedom)自由度 diagnostic 诊断 dimension 维
discrete variable 离散变量 discriminant function 判别函数 discriminatory analysis 判别分析 distance 距离 distribution 分布
D-optimal design D-优化设计 E eaqual 相等
effects of interaction 交互效应 efficiency 有效性 eigenvalue 特征值 equal size 等含量 equation 方程 error 误差 estimate 估计
estimation of parameters 参数估计 estimations 估计量 evaluate 衡量
exact value 精确值 expectation 期望
expected value 期望值 exponential 指数的
exponential distributon 指数分布 extreme value 极值 F factor 因素，因子
factor analysis 因子分析 factor score 因子得分 factorial designs 析因设计 factorial experiment 析因试验 fit 拟合
fitted line 拟合线 fitted value 拟合值 fixed model 固定模型 fixed variable 固定变量
fractional factorial design 部分析因设计 frequency 频数 F-test F检验
full factorial design 完全析因设计 function 函数 G gamma distribution 伽玛分布 geometric mean 几何均值 group 组 H harmomic mean 调和均值 heterogeneity 不齐性 histogram 直方图 homogeneity 齐性
homogeneity of variance 方差齐性 hypothesis 假设
hypothesis test 假设检验 I independence 独立
independent variable 自变量 independent-samples 独立样本 index 指数
index of correlation 相关指数 interaction 交互作用
interclass correlation 组内相关 interval estimate 区间估计 intraclass correlation 组间相关 inverse 倒数的 iterate 迭代 K kernal 核
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验 kurtosis 峰度 L large sample problem 大样本问题 layer 层
least-significant difference 最小显著差数 least-square estimation 最小二乘估计 least-square method 最小二乘法 level 水平
level of significance 显著性水平leverage value 中心化杠杆值 life 寿命
life test 寿命试验
likelihood function 似然函数 likelihood ratio test 似然比检验 linear 线性的
linear estimator 线性估计 linear model 线性模型 linear regression 线性回归 linear relation 线性关系 linear term 线性项 logarithmic 对数的 logarithms 对数 logistic 逻辑的
lost function 损失函数 M main effect 主效应 matrix 矩阵
maximum 最大值
maximum likelihood estimation 极大似然估计 mean squared deviation(MSD)均方差 mean sum of square 均方和 measure 衡量 media 中位数
M-estimator M估计 minimum 最小值
missing values 缺失值 mixed model 混合模型 mode 众数 model 模型
Monte Carle method 蒙特卡罗法 moving average 移动平均值 multicollinearity 多元共线性 multiple comparison 多重比较 multiple correlation 多重相关
multiple correlation coefficient 复相关系数 multiple correlation coefficient 多元相关系数 multiple regression analysis 多元回归分析 multiple regression equation 多元回归方程 multiple response 多响应
multivariate analysis 多元分析 N negative relationship 负相关 nonadditively 不可加性 nonlinear 非线性
nonlinear regression 非线性回归 noparametric tests 非参数检验 normal distribution 正态分布 null hypothesis 零假设 number of cases 个案数 O one-sample 单样本
one-tailed test 单侧检验
one-way ANOVA 单向方差分析 one-way classification 单向分类 optimal 优化的
optimum allocation 最优配制 order 排序
order statistics 次序统计量 origin 原点
orthogonal 正交的 outliers 异常值 P paired observations 成对观测数据 paired-sample 成对样本 parameter 参数 parameter estimation 参数估计 partial correlation 偏相关
partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数 partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数 percent 百分数
percentiles 百分位数 pie chart 饼图
point estimate 点估计
poisson distribution 泊松分布 polynomial curve 多项式曲线 polynomial regression 多项式回归 polynomials 多项式
positive relationship 正相关 power 幂
P-P plot P-P概率图 predict 预测
predicted value 预测值
prediction intervals 预测区间
principal component analysis 主成分分析 proability 概率
probability density function 概率密度函数 probit analysis 概率分析 proportion 比例 Q qadratic 二次的
Q-Q plot Q-Q概率图 quadratic term 二次项 quality control 质量控制 quantitative 数量的，度量的 quartiles 四分位数 R random 随机的
random number 随机数 random number 随机数 random sampling 随机取样 random seed 随机数种子 random variable 随机变量 randomization 随机化 range 极差 rank 秩
rank correlation 秩相关 rank statistic 秩统计量
regression analysis 回归分析 regression coefficient 回归系数 regression line 回归线 reject 拒绝
rejection region 拒绝域 relationship 关系 reliability 可靠性 repeated 重复的 report 报告，报表 residual 残差
residual sum of squares 剩余平方和 response 响应
risk function 风险函数 robustness 稳健性
root mean square 标准差 row 行 run 游程
run test 游程检验 S sample 样本
sample size 样本容量 sample space 样本空间 sampling 取样
sampling inspection 抽样检验 scatter chart 散点图 S-curve S形曲线 separately 单独地 sets 集合
sign test 符号检验 significance 显著性
significance level 显著性水平significance testing 显著性检验 significant 显著的，有效的 significant digits 有效数字 skewed distribution 偏态分布 skewness 偏度
small sample problem 小样本问题 smooth平滑 sort 排序
soruces of variation 方差来源 space 空间 spread 扩展 square平方
standard deviation 标准离差
standard error of mean 均值的标准误差 standardization 标准化 standardize 标准化 statistic 统计量
statistical quality control 统计质量控制 std.residual 标准残差
stepwise regression analysis 逐步回归 stimulus 刺激
strong assumption 强假设
stud.deleted residual 学生化剔除残差 stud.residual 学生化残差 subsamples 次级样本
sufficient statistic 充分统计量 sum 和
sum of squares平方和 summary 概括，综述 T table 表
t-distribution t分布 test 检验
test criterion 检验判据 test for linearity 线性检验
test of goodness of fit 拟合优度检验 test of homogeneity 齐性检验 test of independence 独立性检验 test rules 检验法则
test statistics 检验统计量 testing function 检验函数 time series 时间序列 tolerance limits 容许限 total 总共，和
transformation 转换 treatment 处理
trimmed mean 截尾均值 true value 真值 t-test t检验
two-tailed test 双侧检验 U unbalanced 不平衡的
unbiased estimation 无偏估计 unbiasedness 无偏性
uniform distribution 均匀分布 V value of estimator 估计值 variable 变量 variance 方差 variance components 方差分量 variance ratio 方差比 various 不同的 vector 向量 W weight 加权，权重
weighted average 加权平均值 within groups 组内的 Z Z score Z分数
2.最优化方法词汇英汉对照表 A active constraint 活动约束 active set method 活动集法 analytic gradient 解析梯度 approximate近似 arbitrary 强制性的 argument 变量
attainment factor 达到因子 B bandwidth 带宽
be equivalent to 等价于 best-fit 最佳拟合 bound 边界 C coefficient 系数
complex-value 复数值 component 分量 constant 常数
constrained 有约束的 constraint 约束
constraint function 约束函数 continuous 连续的 converge 收敛
cubic polynomial interpolation method 三次多项式插值法 curve-fitting 曲线拟合 D data-fitting 数据拟合 default 默认的，默认的 define 定义 diagonal 对角的
direct search method 直接搜索法 direction of search 搜索方向 discontinuous 不连续 E eigenvalue 特征值 empty matrix 空矩阵 equality 等式 exceeded 溢出的 F feasible 可行的
feasible solution 可行解 finite-difference 有限差分 first-order 一阶 G Gauss-Newton method 高斯-牛顿法 goal attainment problem 目标达到问题 gradient 梯度
gradient method 梯度法 H handle 句柄
Hessian matrix 海色矩阵 I independent variables 独立变量 inequality 不等式 infeasibility 不可行性 infeasible 不可行的
initial feasible solution 初始可行解 initialize 初始化 inverse 逆 invoke 激活 iteration 迭代 iteration 迭代 J Jacobian 雅可比矩阵 L Lagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子 large-scale 大型的 least square 最小二乘
least squares sense 最小二乘意义上的 Levenberg-Marquardt method 列文伯格-马夸尔特法 line search 一维搜索 linear 线性的
linear equality constraints 线性等式约束 linear programming problem 线性规划问题 local solution 局部解 M medium-scale 中型的 minimize 最小化
mixed quadratic and cubic polynomial interpolation and extrapolation method 混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法 multiobjective 多目标的 N nonlinear 非线性的 norm 范数 O objective function 目标函数 observed data 测量数据
optimization routine 优化过程 optimize 优化 optimizer 求解器
over-determined system 超定系统 P parameter 参数
partial derivatives 偏导数
polynomial interpolation method 多项式插值法 Q quadratic 二次的
quadratic interpolation method 二次内插法 quadratic programming 二次规划 R real-value 实数值 residuals 残差 robust 稳健的
robustness 稳健性，鲁棒性 S scalar 标量
semi-infinitely problem 半无限问题
Sequential Quadratic Programming method 序列二次规划法
simplex search method 单纯形法 solution 解
sparse matrix 稀疏矩阵 sparsity pattern 稀疏模式 sparsity structure 稀疏结构 starting point 初始点 step length 步长
subspace trust region method 子空间置信域法 sum-of-squares平方和 symmetric matrix 对称矩阵 T termination message 终止信息 termination tolerance 终止容限 the exit condition 退出条件
the method of steepest descent 最速下降法 transpose 转置 U unconstrained 无约束的
under-determined system 负定系统 V variable 变量 vector 矢量 W weighting matrix 加权矩阵 3 样条词汇英汉对照表 A approximation 逼近array 数组
a spline in b-form/b-spline b样条
a spline of polynomial piece /ppform spline 分段多项式样条 B bivariate spline function 二元样条函数 break/breaks 断点 C coefficient/coefficients 系数
cubic interpolation 三次插值/三次内插 cubic polynomial 三次多项式
cubic smoothing spline 三次平滑样条 cubic spline 三次样条 cubic spline interpolation 三次样条插值/三次样条内插 curve 曲线 D degree of freedom 自由度 dimension 维数 E end conditions 约束条件 I input argument 输入参数 interpolation 插值/内插 interval 取值区间 K knot/knots 节点 L least-squares approximation 最小二乘拟合 M multiplicity 重次
multivariate function 多元函数 O optional argument 可选参数 order 阶次
output argument 输出参数 P point/points 数据点 R rational spline 有理样条
rounding error 舍入误差（相对误差）S scalar 标量
sequence 数列（数组）spline 样条
spline approximation 样条逼近/样条拟合 spline function 样条函数 spline curve 样条曲线
spline interpolation 样条插值/样条内插 spline surface 样条曲面 smoothing spline平滑样条 T tolerance 允许精度 U univariate function 一元函数 V vector 向量 W weight/weights 权重 偏微分方程数值解词汇英汉对照表 A absolute error 绝对误差 absolute tolerance 绝对容限 adaptive mesh 适应性网格 B boundary condition 边界条件 C contour plot 等值线图 converge 收敛 coordinate 坐标系 D decomposed 分解的
decomposed geometry matrix 分解几何矩阵 diagonal matrix 对角矩阵 Dirichlet boundary conditions Dirichlet边界条件 E eigenvalue 特征值 elliptic 椭圆形的
error estimate 误差估计 exact solution 精确解 G generalized Neumann boundary condition 推广的Neumann边界条件 geometry 几何形状
geometry description matrix 几何描述矩阵 geometry matrix 几何矩阵
graphical user interface（GUI）
图形用户界面 H hyperbolic 双曲线的 I initial mesh 初始网格 J jiggle 微调 L Lagrange multipliers 拉格朗日乘子 Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程 linear interpolation 线性插值 loop 循环 M machine precision 机器精度
mixed boundary condition 混合边界条件 N Neuman boundary condition Neuman边界条件 node point 节点
nonlinear solver 非线性求解器 normal vector 法向量 P Parabolic 抛物线型的
partial differential equation 偏微分方程 plane strain平面应变 plane stress平面应力
Poisson's equation 泊松方程 polygon 多边形
positive definite 正定 Q quality 质量 R refined triangular mesh 加密的三角形网格 relative tolerance 相对容限 relative tolerance 相对容限 residual 残差
residual norm 残差范数 S singular 奇异的
第二篇：中国特色社会主义英语词汇(英汉对照)
中国特色词汇英语翻译
A.《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q 安居工程 Housing Project for low-income families
按成本要素计算的国民经济总值 GNP at factor cost
按揭贷款 mortgage loan
按劳分配 distribution according to one's relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches 奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life
逼上梁山 be driven to drastic alternatives 比较经济学 comparative economics
比上不足，比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many
闭门羹 given cold-shoulder 边际报酬 marginal return performance
暗恋 unrequited love 暗亏 hidden loss
奥姆真理教 Japanese Aum Doomsday Cult B.把握大局 grasp the overall situation 白马王子 Prince Charming 白色行情表 white sheet 白色农业 white agriculture 白雪公主 Snow White 摆架子 put on airs
拜把兄弟 sworn brothers 拜年 pay New Year call 搬迁户 relocated families
半拉子工程 uncompleted project 傍大款find a sugar daddy
包干到户 work contracted to households 包干制overall rationing system
包工包料 contract for labor and materials 保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy
保持国有股 keep the State-held shares 保理业务 factoring business 保税区bonded area
保证重点支出ensure funding for priority areas
保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 报国计划的实施implementation of Dedicator's Project 本本主义 bookishness
《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica
本命年 one's year of birth considered in 边缘科学 boundary science 变相涨价disguised inflation
剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody
博彩（业）lottery industry 补缺选举 by-election
不败记录 clean record, spotless record 不承诺放弃使用武器not undertake to renounce the use of force
不打不成交 No discord, no concord.不可再生资源 non-renewable resources 不良贷款 non-performing loan 不夜城 sleepless city
不正之风harmful practice;unhealthy tendency C.采取高姿态 show magnanimity
菜篮子工程 shopping basket program 参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs
沧海桑田 Seas change into mulberry fields and mulberry fields change into seas--time brings great changes to the world.What was once the sea has
now changed into mulberry fields--the world is changing all the time.仓储式超市 stockroom-style supermarket 草根工业 grass root industry(refers to village and township enterprises which take
root among farmers and grow like wold grass)
层层转包和违法分保 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting 差额投票 differentail voting
差额选举 competitive election 茶道 sado
查房 make/go the rounds of the wards 拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul
拆迁户 households or units relocated due to building demolition
搀水股票 water-down stocks(ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons 城市中年雅皮士 muppie（一批中年专业人士，附庸风雅，矫揉造作cutesification，崇尚竟品至上boutiqueification，攀比银行存款bankification等摆阔作风，由middle-aged urban yuppie缩合而成）
城乡信用社 credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas
吃大锅饭 egalitarian practice of inside
a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value)禅 dhyana
产粮大省 granary province 产品结构 product mix
产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理 clearly established ownership, well
defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration，and scientific management
产权制度、产权关系 property relations;property order
产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing
产业的升级换代 upgrading of industies 产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure
长二捆 LM-2E
长江三角洲 Yangtze River delta
长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共 long-term coexistence, mutual
supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe 长线产品 product in excessive supply 畅通工程 “Smooth Traffic Project” 唱高调 mouth high-sounding words
超高速巨型计算机 giant ultra-high-speed computer
超前消费 overconsuming, excessive consumption
彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactionary political force
城市规划 city's landscaping plan;urban planning “everybody eating from the same big pot” 吃皇粮 receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government 重复建设 building redundant project;duplication of similar projects 抽杀成功 hit through
筹备委员会 preparatory committee 出风头 show off;in the limelight
出口创汇能力 capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports
出口加工区 export processing zones
出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods;export(tax)rebate
出口转内销 domestic sales of commodities orginally produced for exports
出家 pravrajana;cloister 传销 multi-level marketing 窗口行业 various service trades 创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city
创业园 high-tech business incubator;pioneer park
吹风会(advanced)briefing 春蕾计划 Spring Buds Program
春运(passenger)transport during the Spring Festival
《春秋》 Spring and Autumn Annals 磁悬浮列车 Maglev train(magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new;ring out the old year and ring in the new
此地无银三百两 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting his innocence.从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 粗放式管理 extensive management
促进全球经济一体化 foster integration 待业 job-waiting
代职 function in an acting capacity 单循环制 single round-robin system 党群关系 Party-masses relationship
党政机关 Party and government with the global economy
存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits
D.“达标”活动 “target hitting” activities 打白条 issue IOU
打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering
打假 crack down on counterfeit goods 打破僵局 break the deadlock
打顺手 find one's touch, get into gear, settle into a groove
大包干 all-round responsibility system 大轰动 blockbuster 大力扣杀 hammer 大路货 staple goods
大开眼界 open one's eyes;broaden one's horizon;be an eye-opener 大款 tycoon
大排挡 sidewalk snack booth;large stall 大事化小，小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大胜 white wash 大腕 top notch
大卫教 Branch Davidian
大型电视系列片,长篇电视连续剧 maxi-series
大学生创业 university students' innovative undertaking
大要案 major and serious criminal cases 大专生 junior college student 大专文凭 associate degree 大藏经 Tripitaka
带薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits
待岗 await job assignment, post-waiting organizations
捣浆糊 give the runaround 盗版VCD pirated VCD
盗打（电话)free call on somebody else's expense through illegal means 盗用公款 embezzlement 单刀赴会 start a solo run
倒票 speculative reselling of tickets 倒爷 profiteer
倒计时 countdowm
等外品 off-grade goods, rejects
邓小平外交思想 Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts
低调 low keyed(a metaphor for taking a cautious and slow approach)第二产业 secondary industry
第三产业 tertiary industry;service sector 第三代移动电话(3G手机)third generation mobile;3G mobile
第一发球权 first inning 第一发球员 first server 第一双打 first pair
地方保护主义 regional protectionism 地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances
地球村 global village
地区差异 regional disparity 地热资源 geothermal resources 地市级城市 prefecture-level city 点子公司 consultancy company
电话号码升位 upgrade telephone number 电话会议 teleconference 电视直销 TV home shopping
电子商务认证 e-business certification 吊球 drop shot
吊销执照 revoke license
钉子户 person or household who refuses to move and bargains for unreasonably
high compensation when the land is requisitioned for a construction project 定向培训 training for specific posts 豆腐渣“工程 jerry-built project 毒枭 drug trafficker
独立核算工业企业 independent the absolute need.法治国家 a country under the rule of law 法制国家 a state with an adequate legal system
翻两番 quadruple
反败为胜 bring about a complete accounting unit(enterprise)
”渡假外交“ holiday-making diplomacy 短期债务 floating debt
断交信 Dear John letter(from woman to man)
对...毫无顾忌 make no bones about...对冲基金 hedge fund
对外招商 attract foreign investment 队长袖标(足球）skipper's armband
多党合作制 multi-party co-operation in exercising State power
多任务小卫星 small multi-mission satellite(SMMS)夺冠 take the crown
E.恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation 恶性循环 vicious circle
(把…当成)耳旁风Like water off(on)a duck’s back
二板市场;创业板市场 second board(on the country's stock market)
二次创业 start a new undertakinge
二进宫 to enter the palace a second time(people with a past criminal record again commits a crime, and is convicted and put into a correctional institution)二流选手 scrub, second-rater 二元经济 dual economy
F.发案率 incidence(of criminal cases)发烧友 fancier;zealot;enthusiastic fan 发展不平衡 disparate development
发展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance./ Development is turnabout, pull out of the fire
反不正当竞争法 Law of the People's Republic of China Against Competition by Inappropriate Means
反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government
防抱死系统 ABS(anti-lock braking system)
防洪工程 flood-prevention project 房管 real estate management
访谈式竞选（候选人在电视访谈节目中亮相进行的竞选）talk-show campaign
放下架子 to relinguish haungty airs;to get off one's high horse;throw off one's airs
放行单 release permit
飞毛腿（导弹）Scud missile 飞行药检 spot check
非对称数字用户环路 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop(ADSL)
费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes
分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock market.分流 reposition of redundant personnel 分期付款 installment payment 分税制 system of tax distribution
（产品）分销 subunderwriting, distribution
粉领族 pink-collar tribe(Women who play major role in certain professions such as
office workers, secretaries, models, airline hostesses, etc)
风险投资 venture capital;risk investment 疯牛病 mad cow disease;bovine spongiform enceohalopathy(BSE)锋利扣杀 razor-sharp smash 封闭式基金 close-ended fund 封杀出局 force out
“封圣” canonization of ”Saints“ 福利彩票 welfare lotteries
福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system
浮动工资 floating wages;fluctuating 根本政治制度 fundamental political system
个人收入应税申报制度 the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment
个人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜 hoe one’s own potatoes
wages
扶贫 poverty alleviation 覆盖率 coverage rate
复式住宅duplex apartment;compound apartment(a type of residential housing that maximizes usable space by increasing the number of the storey building)
G.改制上市：An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.感谢款待的信 a bread and butter letter(a letter sent as thanks for being treated well as someone's guest)
干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary，younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent
港人治港 Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong
高层次、全方位的对话 high-level and all-directional dialogue
高产优质 high yield and high quality 高度自治 high degree of autonomy 高官会 Senior Officials Meeting(SOM)高级商务师 Certified Business Executive 高架公路 elevated highway;overhead road
高科技板块 high-tech sector 高难度动作 stunner, stunt 高清晰度 high definition
高新技术产业开发区 high and new technology industrial development zone(公路）隔离带 median 各大菜系 major styles of cooking
各尽所能let each person do his best;from each according to his ability ”各就位“ ”On your marks!“ 跟踪审计 follow-up auditing
恭喜发财 May you be prosperous!;Wish you all the best!
功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.工程公司 engineering company
工商局 industrial and commercial bureau 工薪阶层 salariat;state employee;salaried person
工业控制一体化integrated industrial control;industrial control of integration 工业园区 industrial park
公费医疗 medical services at state expense
公告板服务 Bulletin Board Service(BBS)公检法 public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts 公积金public accumulation funds, public reserve funds
公开喊价市场 open outcry markets
公款吃喝 recreational activities using public funds
公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company 公益林 public welfare forest
公正、公平、公开 just, fair and open 公证财产 notarize the properties
共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商 multi-party cooperation and political consultation
under the leadership of Communist Party 狗仔队dog packs;paparazzo(singular), paparazzi(plural)(It refers to those
journalists
who are hunting the news of celebrities.)骨干企业 key enterprise 股本金equity capital 挂职
1)take a temporary post(in order to temper oneself)
2)serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the national economy
国债专项资金 special fund for treasury bond
过度开垦 excess reclamation
过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough;beyond is as wrong as falling
short;too much is as bad as too little
previous unit
关税壁垒 customs barrier;tariff wall 光谷 optical valley
光机电一体化 optical, mechanical and electronic integration
光盘杂志 CD-ROM magazine
光通讯 photo-communication;optical communication
广告电话直销direct response advertising 广域网 wide area network(WAN)皈依三宝 become a Buddhist
国产化率 import substitution rate;localization rate of parts and components 国防动员体制 the mobilization for national defense
国际惯例 international common practice 国际日期变更线 International Date Line(IDL)
《国际先驱论坛报》 International Herald Tribune
国际商业机器公司 International Business Machine Corporation(IBM)
国家经济体制改革委员会 the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems
国家普通话水平考试 National Proficiency Test of Putonghua
国家一级保护 first-grade State protection 国家质量技术监督局 the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision
国脚 player of the national football team;footballer of the national team 国库券 treasury bonds 国民党 Kuomintang
国民经济支柱产业 pillar industries in H.海市蜃楼，镜花水月, 无稽之谈 a mare’s nest
海湾战争综合症 the complexities of the Gulf War
函授大学 correspondence university 旱地滑雪场 mock skiing park
汉字处理软件 Chinese character processing software 航母 aircraft carrier
豪赌 unrestrained gambling 好事不出门，恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread
far and wide.好出风头的运动员 exhibitionist, grandstander
好莱坞大片 Hollywood blockbuster ”好球“ ”Strike“ 和服 Kimono
合理引导消费 guide rational consumption 合议庭 collegiate bench
核销 cancel after verification 黑店 gangster inn 黑客 hacker
黑社会 Mafia-style organizations;gangland
宏观调控 macro-control
红包（中）red paper containing money as a gift,(贬)bribe, kickback
《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions(The Story of the Stone)
红帽子企业 red cap enterprise(refers to
the reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing business in the 货币化 monetization
货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation
name of
a state-run or collective-run enterprise)红细胞生成素 Erythropoietin(EPO)环太平洋地区 Pacific Rim
后防空虚 leave the defense exposed 后台管理 back-stage management 呼啦圈 hu la hoop
胡子工程 long-drawn-out project(a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded)
虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg.互动广告 interactive advertisement 户口簿 residence booklet
户口管理制度 domicile system, residence registration system
户主 head of a household 护身法宝 amulet
华表 ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele 华盖 canopy 滑板车 scooter ”坏球“ ”Ball“
还俗 resume secular life, unfrock
”黄、赌、毒“ pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking 黄金时段 prime time
(吃)”皇粮“ public grainfunds, goods, etc provided by the government;salary paid by the state 挥棒 swing 挥棒不中 fan
灰色收入 income from moonlighting 汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation
婚介所 matrimonial agency 婚外恋 extramarital love
活到老，学到老 One is never too old to learn.火炬计划 Torch Program(a plan to develop new and high technology)货到付款 cash on delivery
J.机场建设费 airport construction fee
机构臃肿 overstaffing in organizations(government)
基本路线要管一百年 The basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come.基本国情 fundamental realities of the country
基层民主 democracy at the grassroots level
基层组织 organizations at the grass-roots level
基因工程 genetic engineering
积压产品 overstocked commodities(inventories)绩优股 blue chip
激烈竞争 cut-throat competition
吉尼斯世界记录 Guinness(Book of Records)
吉祥物 mascot
缉毒队 narcotics squad
缉私力量 the forces engaged in the fight against smuggling
集体婚礼 collective wedding ceremony 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development
计划单列市 city specifically designated in the state plan
计划生育责任制 responsibility system of family planning
计算机中央处理器 central processing unit(CPU)
记者席 press box
”既成事实“ fait accompli(noun)
技术产权交易所 technology equity market;technology property right exchange
技术密集产品 technology-intensive product
技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers
嘉宾 distinguished guest, honored guest 加班 work extra shifts 加密 encrypt
加权平均值 weighted average
加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public of the Ministry of Education 接口 interface
街道企业 neighborhood enterprise
街心花园 park at an intersection;garden in the city center
节奏布鲁斯音乐（RMB音乐）rhythm blues
解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces opinion
家庭联产承包责任制 the household contract responsibility system 家族企业 family firm 假唱 lip-synch
假动作 deception, feint
甲骨文 inscriptions on oracle bones 假日经济 holiday economy
坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见 persist in reunification, oppose separation，increase understanding and iron out differences
监督部门 watchdog
尖端产品 highly sophisticated products 剪彩 cut the ribbon
剪刀差 the scissors gap between the prices of...and...减负 alleviate burdens on sb.减速玻璃(汽车）decelerating glass
减员增效 downsizing for efficiency;cut payroll to improve efficiency
江南水乡 the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River
讲诚信，反欺诈： honor credibility and oppose cheating
降落伞候选人，外来候选人（应召而来参加本人非所在地区竞选的政党候选人）parachute candidate
脚踩两只船 sit on the fence 脚踏实地 be down-to-earth 侥幸球 fluke
教学法 pedagogy;teaching method
教育部社政司 Social Science Research and Ideological Work Department 解放思想、实事求是的思想路线 ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts
解困基金 anti-poverty funds
结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales
戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center
戒急用忍 overcome impetuosity and exercise patience
金本位 gold standard
金边债券 gilt-edged bonds 金刚经 Vajracchedika-sutra 金降落伞 golden parachute
金融电子化 computerize financial services
金税工程 Golden Tax Project
金无足赤, 人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.紧箍咒 inhibiting magic phrase
紧密型企业集团 tightly-knit groups of enterprises
紧追 cling to, shadow, thunder on one's trail
近海渔业 offshore fishery
近水楼台先得月 First come, first served;A water-front pavilion gets the moonlight first
--the advantage of being in a favored position.进出口商会 chamber of import and export trade
进口渗透 import penetration 进修班 class for further studies 禁渔期 closed fishing seasons 禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸 prohibit any
nuclear weapon test explosion which releases nuclear energy at any place and in any environment
经常项目顺差favorable balance of current of products
开放式基金 open-ended fund
开工不足 enterprises running under their production capacity
开工典礼 commencement ceremony
开后门under-the-counter deals;offer account, surplus of current account 经常性贷款 commercial lending 经常性支出 running expenses 经济林 cash tree
经济全球化 economic globalization;economic integration
经济失调指数 misery index
经济头脑 commercially minded people;people with business sense
经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业 modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system
精简机构 streamline government organs 精品 competitive products 京剧票友 Peking Opera fan
京剧人物脸谱 types of facial make-up in Beijing opera 景泰蓝 cloisonné
敬业精神 professional dedication;professional ethics 劲射 power shot
九五攻关 State Key Task 95
居委会 neighborhood committee;residents' committee
局域网 local area network(LAN)
举报电话 informants' hot-line telephone 拒载 refuse to take passengers
君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal;
a hedge between keeps friendship green 竣工式 completion ceremony
K.卡丁车 kart
开发一代，储存一带，预研一代(产品）to develop this generation of products
while researching on the next generation advantages to one's friends or relatives by underhand means
开题报告 opening speech;opening report 开小灶 give special favor
开夜车 burn the midnight oil;work over night
看守政府, 看守内阁，过渡政府 caretaker cabinet
坎儿井 karez
抗美援朝战争 War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea 抗震棚 quake-proof shelter
考研 take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools
考研热 the craze for graduate school
科技成果转化为生产力 transfer of scientific and technological achievements 科技含量 technology content
科技是第一生产力 Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.科教兴国 rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation
科研攻关 scientific research and tackle the key research project
可持续发展 sustainable development 刻录机 CD writer;disc-carving machine 空头支票 accommodation note, lip service 空中小姐 air hostess;air stewardess 控股公司 holding company 扣帽子 put a label on
跨世纪工程 a trans-century project
跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development
快讯 news flash;flash
宽带接入 broadband access 宽带网 broadband networks 宽限期 grace period
亏损企业 enterprises running in the 联合兼并 conglomeration and merger of red/under deficit 困难职工 the needy
L.垃圾债券 junk bond
拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth 拉拉队 cheering squad
拉拉队长 cheer-leader, rooter king 拉关系 try to curry favor with
来电显示电话机 caller ID telephone
来料加工 process materials supplied by clients;accept customers' materials for processing
劳动合同制 labor contract system 老生常谈，陈词滥调 cut and dried
老字号 an old and famous shop or enterprise
”篱笆墙“ barriers/ blockage to inter-regional trading
礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.理货公司 tally company 礼仪小姐 ritual girl
利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 利好因素 wrinkle 利基 niche
立体农业 three-dimensional agriculture 廉政建设 construction of a clean and honest administration
廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府 an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government
廉洁奉公，以正治国(of an official)clean and devoted, and govern the state with his own example of uprightness
联产承包责任制 system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output;
contract system with remuneration linked to output
联合国会费 the UN membership dues(fee)enterprises
联合联络小组 joint liaison group 联合投标 syndicated tender 联想集团 Legend Group 连带责任 joint liability 练摊 to be a vendor
良性循环 virtuous circle
粮食收购部门(government's)grain procurement(purchasing)agencies
粮油关系：grain and oil rationing registration
两岸直航促进会 Association for Promotion of Cross-Straits Direct Transportation
两弹一艇 A-bomb, H-bomb and nuclear-powered submarine
”两个对等的政治实体“ ”two equal political entities
两个文明一起抓 place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress
两手抓两手都要硬 We must address ourselves to the problem of both material and spiritual
civilization(both material as well as culture and ideological progress)without any letup.“两思”（致富思源，富而思进）to think of the source of getting rich and of making progress
after becoming affluence
老少边穷地区 former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities，remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas
《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio
猎头公司 head-hunting company
劣等品shoddy goods;substandard goods;lemon(口语)
临时主教练 caretaker coach
零配件 spare and accessory parts 领头羊 bellwether
留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary
留学咨询：consulting on the study abroad 流动人口 transient population
流动图书馆 travelling library;bookmobile(行业中的)龙头老大 leading enterprise;flagship of the industry
乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费 unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of 美食节 gourmet festival
每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away./ It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.门前三包 be responsible for general sanitation, green covering and keeping good social order
donations
and exaction of fees from enterprises 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 arbitrary charges, fund-raising quotas and fines 《论语》 Analects of Confucius 论文答辩(thesis)oral defense 裸机：bare mobile phone
旅行结婚 have a honeymoon trip 绿地覆盖率 forest coverage rate 绿化 afforestation
绿色急救通道 emergency green path 绿色食品 green food M.马拉松式竞选活动 campaignathon
马路菜场入室工程 the project to build indoor free market to accommodate street vegetable vendors
马太效应 the Matthew effect(A phenomenon in specific circles whereby one's accomplishments
and reputation tend to snowball, and those with meager accomplishments have greater difficulty
achieving accomplishments.)满意度 degree of satisfaction
盲流和倒流人员 transient from the countryside
帽子戏法 hat trick
冒充包装（销售）[指将劣质商品包装成外观像名优产品出售的做法] copycat packaging
买一送一 two-for-one offer, buy one get one free
美声唱法 bel canto in a designated area outside the unit building
蒙古包(Mongolian)yurt 蒙古大夫 quack 朦胧诗 misty poetry
民办教师 citizen-managed teachers(teachers in rural citizen-managed or state-managed schools
who do not receive the normal remuneration from the government)
民工潮 farmers' frenzied hunt for work in cities
民进党 Democratic Progressive Party 民主党派、工商联与无党派人士 non-Communist parties, federations of industry and commerce，personages without party affiliation 民族凝聚力 national cohesion
民族委员会 ethnic affairs commission 民族文化大省 a province with rich ethnic culture
明明白白消费（2000年保护消费者权益工作主题）transparent consumption 磨洋工 dawdle along
模拟测试 mock test;simulated exam 莫失良机 make hay while the sun shines 目标管理 management by objectives
N.NASDAQ National Association of Securities Deal Automated Quotations 纳米 nanometer
难得糊涂 Where ignorance is bliss, it's folly to be wise.南水北调 South-to-North water diversion 南水北调工程 divert water from the south to the north project
男权主义思想 male chauvinism 囊括 complete a sweep
耐用消费品 durable consumer items(goods)
闹情绪 be disgruntled;be in a fit of pique 碰头会 brief meeting(A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)
疲软股票 soft stock
皮包公司 bogus company 啤酒肚 beer belly
票贩子 scalper, ticket tout 内环路 inner ring road
内联企业 enterprises with internal connections
能官能民 be ready to both serve as an offical and be one of the common people 能进能出，能上能下competent to work both at the top and at the grass roots
能进能出，能上能下,方谓好汉 He who knows how to fight and how to retreat deserves to be
called a brave man.能上网的手机 WAP phone 内耗 in-fighting
泥菩萨 like a clay Buddha fording the river-hardly able to save oneself;each one is looking out
for his own survival
年同比 year-on-year;on an annual basis 年夜饭 family reunion dinner
扭转局面 reverse the tide, turn the table 农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labour(labourers)
诺亚方舟 Noah’s Ark
O.P.派出所 local police station
跑龙套 utility man, play a bit role, general handyman
泡沫经济 bubble economy 配股 allotment of shares 配套政策 supporting policies
棚户 shacks;family that live in shacks 碰钉子 get snubbed 票房 box office
骗汇、逃汇、套汇 obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over
foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 拼图 jigsaw
贫富悬殊 polarization of rich and poor 贫铀弹 depleted uranium bomb 平均主义 equalitarianism 平面设计师 graphic designer 评头论足 nit-pick
瓶颈制约 “bottleneck”restrictions 扑网(体）rush-up, rushing 普选制 general election system
Q.期房 forward delivery housing 骑警 horseback police
企业孵化器 enterprise incubator 企业文化 corporate culture 起跑器 block
洽谈会 fair, meeting
千代田寿险公司（日本）Chiyoda Mutual Life Insurance Co.千禧婴儿 millennium infant;millennium baby
强化班 intensive training class 抢跑 false start, beat the gun
敲竹杠make somebody pay through the nose;put the lug on;rob by a trick
切入点 point of penetration;breakthrough point
亲民党 People First Party
勤工俭学 part-work and part-study system;work-study program 轻轨火车 light rail train
情感消费 emotional consumption
情有独钟 show special preference(favor)(NPG)
人均住房 per-capita housing
人类免疫缺陷病毒Human to …
区位商业 location-based commerce 屈体 jackknife, pike
圈外人士 people out of the loop
全方位外交 multi-faceted diplomacy 全国卫生城市 National Hygienic City 全景电影 cinepanoramic
全民健身计划纲要 outline of the nationwide body-building plan 全能冠军 all-around winner
全球定位系统 global positioning system(GPS)
全球通 global system for mobile communications
全天候飞机 all-weatehr aircraft
全优工程 all-round excellent project
拳头产品 competitive products;knock-out products;blockbuster
裙带风 nepotism;petticoat influence 裙带关系 networking through petticoat influence
群言堂 allow everybody to air his view;let everyone have his say;speak one's mind freely
权贵资本主义(又译裙带资本主义或亲朋好友资本主义)crony capitalism
R.燃油附加税 bunker surcharge
染指 reap undeserved profit from;encroach upon
绕圈子 beat around the bush 热岛效应 tropical island effect 人才流失brain drain 人浮于事 overstaffing
人工智能 artificial intelligence(AI)人海战术 huge-crowd strategy
人机交互 human-computer interaction 人际交往 human communication
人口负增长 negative population growth Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)人情债 debt of gratitude 任意球 free kick
日本协力银行 Japan Bank For International Cooperation(JBIC)融资渠道 financing channels 入水时水花很少 clean entry 软新闻 soft news
S.360度环幕电影 Circamara 三八红旗手 woman pace-setter 三八线 38th Parallel
三步走战略 the three-step development strategy
三大作风 the Party's three important styles of work(integrating theory with practice, forging
close links with the masses and practicing self-criticism)
“三个代表” “three represents” theory(The Party should always represent the development
needs of China's advanced social productive forces, always represent the onward direction
of China's advanced culture, and always represent the fundamental interests of the largest
member of the Chinese people.)
三个有利于 “three favorables”(whether it promotes the growth of the productive forces in
a socialist society, increases the overall strenth of the socialist state and raises the people's
living standards
《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
三好学生 merit student;three good student(good in study, attitude and health)
“三讲”教育（讲学习、讲政治、讲正气）“three emphases” education(to stress theoretical
study, political awareness and good conduct)
三角恋爱 love triangle 三角债 chain debt
三来一补企业 the enterprises that process raw materials on clients' demands, assemble parts
for the clients and process according to the clients' samples;or engage in compensation trade.三连冠 three successive championships 三民主义 the Three People's Principles(Nationalism, Democracy and the People's Livelihood)
put forward by Dr.Sun Yat-sen
三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty./ At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.三通 three direct links of trade, mail, and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits
三通一平“three supplies and one leveling”;supply of water, electricity and road and leveled
ground(conditions ready for further economic development)
三维电影 three-dimensional movie
三 维 动 画 片 three-dimensional animation
三无企业 three-no-enterprises(It refers to enterprises with no capital, no plant, and no administrative structure.)
三下乡 a program under which officials, doctors, scientist and college students go to the countryside to spread scientific and literacy knowledge and offer medical service to farmers 三资企业 three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises or ventures: Sino-foreign joint ventures(中外合资企业), cooperative businesses（中外合作企业）and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China（外商独资企业）
三字经 three-character scripture
“扫黄”、“打非” eliminate pornography and illegal publications
扫尾工作 round-off work;wind-up work 杀手锏 sudden thrust of the mace--one's trump or master card
沙尘暴sand storm;dust storm
山不在高，有仙则名；No matter how high the mountain is, its name will spread far and wide if there is a fairy;
《山海经》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers
商检局 Commodity Inspection Bureau 商品房空置的现象 the vacancy problem in commercial housing 商品条码 bar code
上山下乡(of educated urban youth)go and work in the countryside or mountain areas
上市 to be listed
上网 to get on the Internet
上有天堂，下有苏杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzou on earth.少数服从多数、下级服从上级、局部服从全体、全党服从中央 the minority is subordinate to the
majority, the lower level to the higher level, the part to the whole and the entire membership of the
Party to the Central Committee 社会热点问题 hot spots of society
社会治安情况 public security situation 涉外经济 foreign-related business
申办奥运会 bid for the Olympic Games 身体素质 physique;physical constitution 神州行电话卡 Shenzhou pre-paid card 审时度势 size up the situation
渗透、颠覆和分裂活动 infiltrative, subversive and splittist activities 《生死抉择》 “Live or Die”
生态农业 environmental-friendly agriculture
失恋 be disappointed in love;be jilted 失学儿童 dropout
实话实说 speak the plain truth;call a spade a spade
实践是检验真理的唯一标准 Practice is the 刷卡, 划卡 to punch the card;to stamp the card
甩卖 clearance sale;be on sale 涮羊肉 instant-boiled mutton 双刃剑 double-edged sword
双向选择 two-way selection, referring to employer and employee choosing each other in a job market
sole criterion for testing truth.食品卫生法 Food Hygiene Law of People's Republic of China
实体经济 the real economy
实现零的突破 fulfil the zero(gold medal, medal, etc)breakthrough
实现中华民伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation
实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to
实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质 promotion of family planning to control the population size and improve the health of the people
实现小康目标 to achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life
时不我待 Time and tide wait for no man.<<史记>> Shi Ji/ Historical Records 市场疲软 sluggish market 市场准入 market access 试用期 probationary period
适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight financial policy
适销对路的产品 readily marketable products
适者生存survival of the fittest 手机入网费 mobile access fee 首创精神 pioneering spirit
首航 maiden voyage(of an aircraft or ship)
授信额度 line of credit
受灾地区 disaster-affected are 售后服务 after-sale services
树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image 《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes;Water Margins
水货 smuggled goods
水墨画 Chinese brush drawing;ink and wash painting
硕博联读 a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study
司仪 MC(master of ceremonies)思乡曲 Nostalgia
思想僵铁 fossilized concept 死机 system halted
四大金刚 Four Heavenly Guardians at the entrance to a Buddhism temple;Four Devarajas
四个如何认识(江泽民总书记在今年6月28日中央思想政治工作会议上发表的重要讲话中，提出并精辟阐述了如何认识社会主义发展的历史进程、如何认识资本主义发展的历史进程、如何认识我国社会主义改革实践过程对人们思想的影响、如何认识当今的国际环境和国际
政治斗争带来的影响等当前直接影响干部群众思想活动的重大问题.)
In his important address to the Central Ideological and Political Work Conference on June 28
this year, Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin expounds on how to understand the historical
process of socialist development;how to understand the historical process of capitalist
development;how to understand the impact of China's socialist reform over the people's
thinking;how to understand the impact of the current international environment and political struggle.四十不惑 Life begins at forty.四项基本原则 the Four Cardinal Principles of adherence to the socialist road, the people's democratic dictatorship, the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought
(企业集团的）松散层 loose level(of an enterprise group)
素质教育 education for all-around development
随行就市 prices fluctuating in response to market conditions
T.抬杠 argue for the sake of arguing;bicker 太空步 moonwalk
摊牌put/lay one’s card on the table 弹性工资 flexible pay
弹性外交 elastic diplomacy
逃票 to sneak through without a ticket 逃票者 ticket evader 套利 arbitrage
特别提款权 special drawing rights(SDR;SDRs);paper gold
特技演员stunt man;stand-in 特色电话机 feature phone 特许税franchise tax
提高农产品收购价格 the government's increase in its procurement prices(for farm products)
替身演员 stunt man/woman;stand-in 跳蚤市场 flea market 铁饭碗 iron rice bowl 铁哥们 faithful pal；buddies；sworn friend 铁血宰相 iron-and-blood prime minister 通存通兑 the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are processed at any branch bank
通货紧缩 deflation(of currency)
统筹安排 comprehensive arrangement 统一市场 single market
统一税 flat tax, consolidated tax
同等学力 have the same educational level(as the regular graduate or student of certain academic qualification)
同乡会 an association of fellow provincials or townsmen
筒子楼：tube-shaped apartment 偷税漏税 tax evasion
偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 tax evasion, tax fraud, and refusal to pay taxes
头号种子选手 No.1 seed(player);top seed 投手 pitcher
透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence
土地沙化 desertification of land;desert encroachment
团身 bunch up the body
推广科研成果 turning laboratory achievements into commercial/mass production;commercialization of laboratory achievements 退耕还林还草 grain for green 脱口秀 talk show
脱贫致富 cast(shake, throw)off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 脱手 release grip
W.汪辜会谈 Wang Daohan-Koo Chen-fu Talks(Wang-Koo talks)
王储，王太子 Crown Prince 网吧 Internet bar 网关 gateway
网恋 online love affair
网络出版 online publishing
网络管理员 network administrator
网络经济 cybereconomy
网民 netizen;net citizen;cyber citizen 网上冲浪surf the Internet
网上交易平台 online trading platform 网友 net friend
往事如风 The past has vanished(from memory)like wind.;What in past, is past.温饱工程 bring-warmth fill-bellies project 稳定压倒一切 Maintaining stability is of
息事宁人 pour oil on troubled waters 西部大开发 West Development
西气东输 transport the natural gas from the West to the East
《西厢记》 The Romance of West Chamber 《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West;Journey to the West
top priority
微软移动构想 Microsoft Vision for Mobility;Microsoft Mobility Initiatives 维护人权和不断改善人权状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation
《围城》 A Surrounded City
伪君子hypocrite;a wolf in sheep's clothing
伪劣商品赔还法 lemon law
卫冕世界冠军 reigning world champion 文明街道 model community
文韬武略 military expertise;military strategy
问讯处 information office;inquiry desk 屋顶花园 roof garden
无氟冰箱
freon-free refrigerator
无人售票 self-service ticketing
无绳来电显示电话 cordless telephone with caller ID
无为而治 govern by doing nothing that is against nature;govern by non-interference
无线应用协议 WAP（wireless application protocol）
无形资产intangible assets
无中生有 make/create something out of nothing
武?小说 tales of roving knights;martial arts novel;kung fu novel 物价局 Price Bureau
物业管理 estate management, property management
X.吸收游资 absorb idle fund 希望工程 Project Hope
喜忧参半 mingled hope and fear 洗钱 money laundering
下放权力给 delegating the management of...(to...)
下岗 laid-off workers
下海 plunge into the commercial sea 下网 off line
下游行业 downstream industry
险胜 cliff-hanging win, narrow victory, nose out
线下商贸运作 offline business operation 县改市：county upgraded to city 县级市：county-level city
现代企业制度 modern enterprise system;modern corporate system 香格里拉 Shangri-la
向钱看 mammonism, put money above all 项目立项 approve and initiate a project 项目预算 project budget 项目支持 project support
消费信贷 consumer credit services
削减战略核武器会谈 strategic arms reduction talks(START)
小康 a comfortable level of living;a better-off life;moderate prosperity
小康之家 well-off family;comfortably-off family
效益工资achievements-related wages;wages based on benefits
效益农业 profitable agriculture 写真集 photo album
心理素质 psychological quality 新宠 new favourite
新官上任三把火 a new broom sweeps clean
新新人类 New Human Being；X 养老金 pension 养路费 road toll 摇钱树 cash cow
Generation
新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star 信贷支持 credit aid
信息港 inforport;cyber port 信息化 informationize 信用紧缩 credit crunch 信用危机credit crisis
星期日泰晤士报 the Sunday Times
形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand 虚拟网 virtual net
选举权和被选举权 the right to vote and the right to be elected 选举人票 electoral vote 选举人制 electoral system
学而优则仕(a Confucian slogan for education)a good scholar can become an official;he who excels in study can follow an official career
学生处 students' affairs division
学生减负 alleviate the burden on students 徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends
寻呼小姐 operators who work with paging centres
巡回招聘 milk round 压水花技术 rip entry 压线(口令)Line!
压轴戏 grand finale;last and best item on a theatrical program 亚健康 subhealthy
严打斗争Strike-Hard Operation, campaign to crack down relentlessly on criminal activities
言情小说 romantic fiction;sentimental novel
研究成果 research results
研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma/graudate degree's diploma 阳春（最经济方式）no-frills 羊肉串小摊 barbecue stall 摇头丸 dancing outreach
药物检查 dope control, drug testing 野生动物园 wildlife park;safari park 业内人士 insider
液晶显示屏 liquid crystal display(LCD)一次性筷子 throwaway chopsticks
一次性解决问题 solve the problem once and for all
一大二公(concerning the people's commune)large in size and collective in nature
一刀切 cut it even at one stroke--make it rigidly uniform;impose uniformity in all cases;allow no flexibility
一国两制，One country, two systems 一级市场 primary market
(祝愿…)一路平安，一路顺风 speed somebody on their way;speed the parting guest
一式两联(receipt or invoice)in duplicate 一手抓物质文明，一手抓精神文明；一手抓经济建设，一手抓民主法制；一手抓改革开放，一手抓打击犯罪惩治腐败 We must always work for material progress and at the same time for
cultural and ethical progress;We should develop the economy and at the same time strengthen
democracy and the legal system;We should promote reform and opening to the outside world
and at the same time fight crime and punish corruption.一线员工 worker at the production line 一言既出，驷马难追 A real man never goes back on his words.医疗保险 medical insurance
移动电话双向收费 two-way charges for cellular phones
以公有制为主体，多种经济成分共同发展 the pattern with the public sector remaining dominant
and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side
以经济建设为中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction 以谋略制胜 outmaneuver
以权谋私 abuse of power for personal law-breakers must be prosecuted.有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律 with lofty ideals, integrety, knowledge and a strong sense of discipline
有情人终成眷属 Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well.有望夺金者 a gold medal hopeful
有勇无谋 use brawn rather than brain 与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world gains
以人为本 people oriented;people foremost
以市场为导向 market-oriented
以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of equality
以质量求发展 strategy of development through quality;win the market with quality products
义和团运动 Boxer Uprising
义务兵役制 compulsory military service, conscription
义务教育 compulsory education
义演收入 proceeds from benefit performmance
薏米 seed of Job's tears 易拉罐 pop can
因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude
隐形收入 invisible income;off-payroll income;side money
隐性就业 unregistered employment 硬道理 absolute principle, top priority 营业税 turnover tax;business tax
应试教育 examination-oriented education system
优化结构 optimize structure
优化组合 optimization grouping;optional regrouping
邮递协议 Post Office Protocol(POP)
有法可依，有法必依，执法必严，违法必究 There must be laws to go by, the laws must be
observed and strictly enforced, and market;become integrated into the global market
(领导人）与民众的直接对话 town hall conference/meeting
舆论导向 direction of public opinion 舆论监督 supervision by public opinion 欲穷千里目，更上一层楼 to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further;Ascend further，were you to look farther;Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight.冤假错案 cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced;unjust, false or wrong cases 圆寂 Parinirvana
缘分 chemical,(as if by)predestination, be preordained to come together 元宵节 Lantern Festival 远程教育 distance learning
远景计划 long-term development targets 晕菜 numbed;dumbfounded 运球 dribble
Z.宰（客）to swindle money out of our customers “宰人” rip off
在孵（孵化器）企业 incubated enterprises(incubator)
在职博士生 on-job doctorate 再贷款 re-lending;subloan
再就业服务中心 re-employment service center
藏学 Tibetology 糟粕 dross
早恋 puppy love
造假帐 falsified accounts 斋月 Ramadan
债转股 debt-to-equity swap
沾光 benefit from one's association 站票 standing-room-only ticket 站台票 platform ticket
战略伙伴关系 strategic partnership 涨落线 advance balance line 掌上电脑 palm computer 朝阳产业 sunrise industry
招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project
招商引资 attract/bid for/invite investments(from overseas)
招生就业指导办公室 enrolment and vocation guidance office 真空包装 vacuum packing
真善美 the true, the good and the beautiful;truth, good and beauty 正式照会 formal note
政策性住房 policy-related house, policy-based house
政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏 Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate
and enterprise put in the show.政府上网工程Government Online Project 政府职能转变 transform/shift the government functions
政企不分 without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises;the
functions of the government and enterprises mixed up
政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management
政务公开 make government affairs public 政治迫害 political prosecution;witch hunt
证券营业部 stock exchange;security exchange
知识产权 intellectual property rights 知识经济 knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy
直播 live broadcast, live telecast 职业经理人 professional manager 致命要害 Achilles' heel 智囊团、思想库 the brain trust；think tank 掷钱猜先 toss
中国经济景气监测中心 China Economic Monitoring Center
中国新经济峰会 China New Economy Summit
《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》 Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection
of Consumers' Rights and Interests 中流砥柱 mainstay, chief corner stone 中美战略核武器互不瞄准对方 non-targeting strategic nuclear weapons against each other
中华世纪坛 China Millennium Monument（美国）中下层南方共和党人 pickup-truck Republican
中央大型企业工委：Central Work Committee for Large Enterprises
中央经济工作会议 the Central Economic Working Conference
中央商务区 central business district(CBD)
中专生 secondary specialized or technical school student
重点发展 prioritize
主体经济 the mainstay of the economy 主体思想（DPRK）Juche Idea 主持人 anchorperson
住房分配货币化进程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation 住房零首付 zero-yuan first payment(for apartments)
助跑 approach run, run-up
驻港部队People's Liberation Army garrison in Hong Kong
抓大放小 to invigorate large enterprises
while relaxing control over small ones;focus on the
restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves 抓住机遇 seize the opportunity
专卖店 exclusive agency;franchised store(重要而难懂的）专门术语 buzzword;jargon
专升本 upgrade from junior college network(ISDN)
综合治理 comprehensive treatment 总裁助理 assistant president
(各州推选组成的）总统选举团electoral college
遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform
one's official duties student to university student;students with the diploma of junior
college try to obtain the undergraduate diplomat through self-taught study
转化机制(of State-owned enterprises)to shift to new management mechanisms 转基因食品 GM food(genetically modified food)
追平produce the equalizer 转体 truck rotation, turn, twist 撞线 breast the tape
追赶型和跨越式发展 pursuant and leap-forward development
准博士all but dissertation(ABD)
资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets;maintenance and appreciation of assets value
资产阶级自由化 bourgeois liberalization 资源配置 the distribution(allocation)of resources
《资治通鉴》 History as a Mirror
自动柜员机 automatic teller machine(ATM)
自律机制 the self-discipline system
自然保护区natural reserve;nature preservation zone
自我保护意识 self-protection awareness 自营 self-run
自由港 free-trade port，free port 自助银行 self-help bank
自作自受stew in one’s own juice
综合国力 comprehensive national strength
综合业务数字网 integrated service digital
第三篇：中外饮食及相关英语词汇英汉对照
中外饮食及相关英语词汇英汉对照
(2010-01-22 19:36:23)
转载
标签：
教育
中餐:
bear's paw 熊掌breast of deer 鹿脯
beche-de-mer;sea cucumber 海参sea sturgeon 海鳝salted jelly fish 海蜇皮 kelp, seaweed 海带abalone 鲍鱼shark fin 鱼翅scallops 干贝 lobster 龙虾bird“s nest 燕窝roast suckling pig 烤乳猪 pig”s knuckle 猪脚barbecue 烤肉boiled salted duck 盐水鸭 preserved meat 腊肉barbecued pork 叉烧fried pork flakes 肉松 sausage 香肠meat diet 荤菜vegetables 素菜
meat broth 肉羹local dish 地方菜set meal 客饭
Cantonese cuisine 广东菜curry rice 咖喱饭fried rice 炒饭 plain rice 白饭crispy rice 锅巴gruel, soft rice, porridge 粥 noodles with gravy 打卤面plain noodle 阳春面casserole 砂锅 meat bun 肉包子shao-mai 烧麦preserved bean curd 腐乳 bean curd 豆腐dried turnip 萝卜干fermented blank bean 豆豉 pickled cucumbers 酱瓜preserved egg 皮蛋salted duck egg 咸鸭蛋 chafing dish, fire pot 火锅
西餐及日韩料理:
French cuisine 法国菜today“s special 今日特餐chef”s special 主厨特餐 buffet 自助餐fast food 快餐specialty 招牌菜
continental cuisine 欧式西餐aperitif 饭前酒dim sum 点心
French fires 炸薯条baked potato 烘马铃薯mashed potatoes 马铃薯泥 omelette 简蛋卷pudding 布丁pastries 甜点
pickled vegetables 泡菜kimchi 韩国泡菜crab meat 蟹肉 prawn 明虾conch 海螺escargots 田螺
braised beef 炖牛肉bacon 熏肉poached egg 荷包蛋
sunny side up 煎一面荷包蛋over 煎两面荷包蛋fried egg 煎蛋 over easy 煎半熟蛋over hard 煎全熟蛋scramble eggs 炒蛋 boiled egg 煮蛋stone fire pot 石头火锅sashi 日本竹筷 sake 日本米酒miso shiru 味噌汤roast meat 铁板烤肉 sashimi 生鱼片butter 奶油sushi 寿司
menu 菜单order 点菜tip 小费
饮品:
beverages 饮料soya-bean milk 豆浆syrup of plum 酸梅汤 tomato juice 番茄汁orange juice 橘子汁coconut milk 椰子汁 asparagus juice 芦荟汁grapefruit juice 葡萄柚汁vegetable juice 蔬菜汁 ginger ale 姜汁sarsaparilla 沙士soft drink 汽水
coco-cola(coke)可口可乐tea leaves 茶叶black tea 红茶
jasmine tea 茉莉(香片)tea bag 茶包lemon tea 柠檬茶 white goup tea 冬瓜茶green tea 绿茶jasmine（茉莉）花茶 honey 蜂蜜chlorella 绿藻soda water 苏打水
ice water 冰水artificial color 人工色素mineral water 矿泉水
distilled water 蒸馏水long-life milk 保久奶condensed milk 炼乳;炼奶cocoa 可可coffee mate 奶精coffee 咖啡
white coffee 牛奶咖啡black coffee 纯咖啡iced coffee 冰咖啡 sundae 圣代;新地ice-cream 雪糕ice-cream cone 甜筒soft ice-cream 窗淇淋vanilla ice-cream 香草冰淇淋milk-shake 奶 ice candy 冰棒 昔straw 吸管ovaltine 阿华田
chlorella yakult 养乐多
酒：
beer 啤酒draft beer 生啤酒stout beer 黑啤酒
canned beer 罐装啤酒red wine 红葡萄酒gin 金酒 brandy 白兰地whisky 威士忌vodka 伏特加
on the rocks 酒加冰块rum 朗姆酒champagne 香槟
水果:
pineapple 凤梨watermelon 西瓜papaya 木瓜
betelnut 槟榔chestnut 栗子coconut 椰子
ponkan 碰柑tangerine 橘子mandarin orange 橘
sugar-cane 甘蔗muskmelon 香瓜shaddock 文旦 juice peach 水蜜桃pear 梨子peach 桃子
carambola 杨桃cherry 樱桃persimmon 柿子
apple 苹果mango 芒果fig 无花果
water caltrop 菱角almond 杏仁plum 李子
honey-dew melon 哈密瓜loquat 枇杷olive 橄榄
grape 葡萄rambutan 红毛丹durian 榴梿
strawberry 草莓grapefruit 葡萄柚lichee 荔枝
longan 龙眼wax-apple 莲雾guava 番石榴
banana 香蕉
蔬菜:
string bean 四季豆pea 豌豆green soy bean 毛豆
soybean sprout 黄豆芽mung bean sprout 绿豆芽bean sprout 豆芽kale 甘蓝菜cabbage 包心菜;大白菜broccoli 花椰菜
mater convolvulus 空心菜dried lily flower 金针菜mustard leaf 芥菜celery 芹菜tarragon 蒿菜beetroot, beet 甜菜
agar-agar 紫菜lettuce 生菜spinach 菠菜
caraway 香菜hair-like seaweed发菜chives 韭黄
leek 韭菜preserved szechuan pickle 榨菜 salted vegetable 雪里红 lettuce 莴苣asparagus 芦荟bamboo shoot 竹笋
dried bamboo shoot 笋干ternip 白萝卜carrot 胡萝卜
water chestnut 荸荠ficus tikaua 地瓜loofah 丝瓜 long crooked squash 菜瓜pumpkin 南瓜bitter gourd 苦瓜 cucumber 黄瓜white gourd 冬瓜gherkin 小黄瓜 yam 山芋taro 芋头beancurd sheets 百叶
champignon 香菇button mushroom 草菇needle mushroom 金针菇 agaricus 蘑菇dried mushroom 冬菇tomato 番茄 eggplant 茄子potato, spud 马铃薯lotus root 莲藕 agaric 木耳white fungus 白木耳ginger 生姜 garlic 大蒜garlic bulb 蒜头green onion 葱
onion 洋葱scallion, leek 青葱wheat gluten 面筋
调味品：
seasoning 调味品miso 味噌essence of chicken 鸡精caviar 鱼子酱tomato ketchup, tomato sauce 番茄酱 barbeque sauce 沙茶酱mustard 芥茉salt 盐 sugar 糖monosodium glutamate, gourmet powder 味精 vinegar 醋sweet 甜sour 酸
bitter 苦lard 猪油peanut oil 花生油
soy sauce 酱油green pepper 青椒paprika 红椒 star anise 八角cinnamon 肉挂curry 咖喱
maltose 麦芽糖
糖与蜜饯:
jerky 牛肉干dried beef slices 牛肉片dried pork slices 猪肉片 confection 糖果glace fruit 蜜饯marmalade 果酱
dried persimmon 柿饼candied melon 冬瓜糖red jujube 红枣 black date 黑枣glace date 蜜枣dried longan 桂圆干 raisin 葡萄干chewing gum 口香糖nougat 牛乳糖 mint 薄荷糖drop 水果糖marshmallow 棉花糖
caramel 牛奶糖peanut brittle 花生糖castor sugar 细砂白糖 granulated sugar 砂糖sugar candy 冰糖butter biscuit 奶酥 rice cake 年糕
三餐:
breakfast 早餐lunch 午餐brunch 早午餐
supper 晚餐late snack 宵夜dinner 正餐
ham and egg 火腿肠buttered toast 奶油土司French toast 法国土司 muffin 松饼cheese cake 酪饼white bread 白面包
brown bread 黑面包French roll 小型法式面包appetizer 开胃菜 green salad 蔬菜沙拉onion soup 洋葱汤potage 法国浓汤 corn soup 玉米浓汤minestrone 蔬菜面条汤ox tail soup 牛尾汤 fried chicken 炸鸡roast chicken 烤鸡steak 牛排
T-bone steak 丁骨牛排filet steak 菲力牛排sirloin steak 沙朗牛排 club steak 小牛排well done 全熟medium 五分熟
rare 三分熟
其它:
meat 肉beef 牛肉pork 猪肉
chicken 鸡肉mutton 羊肉bread 面包
steamed bread 馒头rice noodles 米粉fried rice noodles 河粉 steamed vermicelli roll 肠粉macaroni 通心粉bean thread 冬粉 flour-rice noodle 面粉noodles 面条instinct noodles 速食面 crust 面包皮sandwich 三明治toast 土司
hamburger 汉堡cake 蛋糕spring roll 春卷 pancake 煎饼fried dumpling 煎贴rice glue ball 元宵
bean curd with odor 臭豆腐glue pudding 汤圆millet congee 小米粥 cereal 麦片粥steamed dumpling 蒸饺ravioli 馄饨 mooncake 月饼green bean cake 绿豆糕popcorn 爆米花 chocolate 巧克力marrons glaces 糖炒栗子
餐具:
coffee pot 咖啡壶coffee cup 咖啡杯paper towel 纸巾 napkin 餐巾table cloth 桌布tea–pot 茶壶 tea set 茶具tea tray 茶盘caddy 茶罐
dish 碟plate 盘saucer 小碟子
rice bowl 饭碗chopsticks 筷子soup spoon 汤匙 knife 餐刀cup 杯子glass 玻璃杯
mug 马克杯picnic lunch 便当fruit plate 水果盘 toothpick 牙签
第四篇：英汉对照
autozero
自稳零 ： 自动归零模式
application [,æpli'keiʃən]
n.应用；申请；应用程序；敷用
time drive
时间驱动
scan [skæn]
n.扫描；浏览；审视；细看
conc
n.浓度；adj.浓缩的（等于concentrated）
inst
安装；设置；
autosave ['ɔ:təuseiv]
v.自动保存
Sample info
样品信息 ；采样信息
identity [ai'dentəti]
n.身份；特性；代号
ordinate ['ɔ:dinət,-neit]
n.纵座标；[数]纵线
baseline correction
基线校正
curve [kə:v]
n.曲线；曲线图表；曲线拟合；曲线类型
intercept [,intə'sept]
vt.拦截；截断；窃听n.拦截；[数]截距；
number of revolution
[机] 旋转次数；转数；重复测定次数
response [ri'spɔns]
n.响应；反应；回答
use exipedition calibration
利用已存的标准曲线
enter calibration edit
修改、校准标准曲线
recalibration[ri'kæli'breʃən]
n.[仪] 再校准；重新校准已存标准曲线
output ['autput, ,aut'put]
n.输出，输出量；产量；出产
number of samples to average
样本数取平均数
replace [ri'pleis]
vt.取代，代替；替换，更换；
delete [di'li:t]
vt.删除
第五篇：IE专业英语翻译英汉对照
as we are now in a global economy with ever-increasing competition,the need for world-class performance cannot be ignored.this need implies,among other things,the continued emergence of world-classquslity,information
systems,ergonomics,and manufacturing systems.it also means that more firms are likely to invest in such ares to reach their strategic objectives.of course,this brings us to a very specific topic,project justification.我们现在在全球经济中日益增加的竞争，需要世界级的性能不能被忽略.这需要意味着，除其他外，继续出现世界一流的质量，信息系统，人机工程学，制造系统.它也意味着更多的企业可能会投资于战神达成战略目标.当然，这给我们带来一个特定的主题，项目的理由。
it may seem trivial to state that an industrial project must be evaluated in order to justify it.however,the kinds of projectsthat are needed today to survive in our competitive environment are quite different from their counterparts 20 or 30 years ago.they differ in terms of their technological content and in terms of their strategic implications for the firm.whereas yesterday we were dealing with single machine replacement problems, we are now confronted with overall systems, programs, and processes.一个工业项目，必须进行评估，以证明它，它可能看起来微不足道的状态。然而，projectsthat的各种需要，今天在我们的竞争环境中生存是相当不同的同行20年或30年前。他们不同，其技术含量方面，他们为公司的战略意义。而昨天，我们单台机器更换问题打交道，我们现在面临着整体的系统，程序和流程。
the consequence of such complexity is that the traditional investment justification process fails to measure the proper value of projects such as computer-integrated manufacturing systems, information systems, and even ergonomics projects.it is well known thatsuch a failure may result in wrong decisions.poor investment justification processes may lead to poor decision making with respect to today's projects: good projects might be rejected,and bad ones might be accepted.this seems to be the fate of several new technologies(including industrial ergonomics)that are not implemented because their prospective return is not satisfactory.among the causes of such poor rating is the inability to properly estimate the benefits and costs of today's proposal.如此复杂的后果是，传统的投资理由进程失败来衡量，如计算机集成制造系统，信息系统，甚至人体工程学项目的项目应有的价值。这是众所周知的，这样的故障可能会导致错误的决策。穷人的投资理由进程可能会导致穷人的决策：今天的项目好的项目可能会被拒绝的决定，并接受坏的可能。这似乎是不落实的几项新技术（包括工业工效）的命运，因为他们的预期收益不理想。在这种恶劣的评级的原因是无法正确估计今天的建议的好处和成本。
as a result, management must resort to the “leap of faith” approach to justify new systems that are intuitively sound from a strategic point of view but that are not convincing economically.from such considerations it may seem that firms don't have any other choices other than to spent their capital, whatever the cost, and go ahead with implementing the resulting changs that come with these projects.such a strategy would be dangerous.因此，管理层必须诉诸“信仰的飞跃”的方式来证明新系统，直观的声音从战略的角度来看，是没有说服力的经济。从这样的考虑，它可能看起来公司做没有任何其他选择来度过他们的资本以外，不惜一切代价，造成张家来，随着这些项目的实施提前。这样的战略将是危险的的。
if it is true that firms that do not invest in strategic projects due to poor investment analyses may be in a serious predicament in the future, it also would be risky for them to systematically go ahead with such projects when their rate of return is not acceptable.it may also be true that under certain conditions strategic projects may not be the right thing to do.after all, investments such as information technology or computer-integrated manufacturing systems are only as good as their contributions to the overall strategy of the firm.如果这是真的，不投资，由于投资分析差的战略性项目的公司可能会在今后一个严重的困境，也将他们系统等项目提前当他们的回报率是不能接受的风险。它也可能是真实的，在一定条件下的战略的项目未必是正确的事情。毕竟，如信息技术或计算机集成制造系统的投资只作为公司的整体战略的贡献。
engineeringeconomics
工程经济学
the role of engineeringeconomics is to correctly assess the appropriateness of a given project, estimate its value, and justify it from an economic standpoint.if projects are not acceptable, then the evaluation process that has been used to reach this conclusion should also explain their poor returns.that same process should also indicate ways to improve the investment proposal to make it more attractive to management.工程经济学的作用，正确评估某一项目是否恰当，估计其价值，并证明它从经济的角度来看。如果项目是不能接受的，那么，评估过程中已得出这一结论也应该解释他们的低回报。相同的过程也应说明改善投资建议，使其更具吸引力，管理的方式。
engineeringeconomy has been part of engineers' training(and of IE curricula, of course)for a long time.historically, it was used for projects that had only operational implications for the firm.however, as noted above, today's projects may have strategic implication as well.as a consequence, engineeringeconomy is likely to be important for both engineers and management.工程经济已工程师培训的一部分（IE的课程，当然），很长一段时间。从历史上看，它是用于项目，只为公司的业务活动的影响。然而，如上所述，以及今天的项目可能具有战略意义。因此，工程经济可能是工程师和管理的重要。
however, engineeringeconomy can not do it alone.it must be part of a precess that includes not only engineers but management accountants;marking, quality, and health and safety specialists;and others within the firm.such a process should foster interdisciplinary thinking, not unlike parallel or concurrent engineering used in product design.然而，工程经济不能做到这一点的孤独。它必须是一个进动的一部分，它不仅包括工程师，但管理会计师;标识，质量，以及健康和安全专家，和其他人在公司内。这样一个过程，促进跨学科的思维，而不是不像在产品设计上采用并行或并行工程。
at this point it is certainly worthwhile to emphasize the role ofIEs in this process.as
industrial engineers are trained in both technology and engineering economy, they are able to bridge the gap between mechanical,electrical, and computer engineering and ergonomics, on the one hand, and management accounting on the other.highly qualified engineers designing equipment for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)or information systems, while awere of the technology with which they are dealing, are not necessarily trained to translate technological characteristics into economic and strategic terms.在这一点上，它肯定是值得强调的IE的在这个过程中的作用。作为工业的工程师们在技术和工程经济训练，他们能够弥补的机械，电气，和计算机工程和人体工程学之间的差距，一方面，和其他管理会计。高素质的工程师设计的柔性制造系统（FMS）或信息系统的设备，而他们正在处理的技术与阿韦雷，不一定是培训转化成经济和战略方面的技术特点。
at the other end of the spectrum, management accountants may be well aware of the business needs, strategic aims, and their organization's financial position, but cannot understand the capabilities of new technologies.not surprisingly, communication barriers occer.industrial engineering's main contribution to the economy comes into the picture.the background of IEs in engineering economy provides them with cost models that link technology with the economics of accounting(figure 1).在光谱的另一端，管理会计师可能深知企业的需求，战略目标，和他们组织的财务状况，但无法理解新技术的能力。这并不奇怪，沟通障碍occer。工程的主要工业对经济的贡献涉及到的图片。工程经济背景的IE的提供他们与成本模型（图1）会计核算的经济链接技术。
As the industrial environment has changed drastically, engineering economy has evolved accordingly.Indeed, its aim is not only to compute net present values(NPVs)or internal rates of return(IRRs), but also to design cost models and evaluation processes that can be used within decision support systems for a variety of technological projects.随着工业的环境已经大大改变，工程经济发展。事实上，其目的是不仅要计算净现值（净现值）或内部收益率（内部收益率），而且还设计可以用于决策支持系统内的各种科技项目的成本模型和评估过程。
Armed with economic models tailored to specific technologies, industrial engineers are able to measure, for instance, the cost of flexibility and, in turn, help integrate this figure in accounting cost systems and financial justification models.By including engineering economy in the justification process, firms are therefore better equipped for solving complex justification problems that involve technical and financial specialists working together in an interdisciplinary group.有了针对特定技术的经济模式，工业工程师能够测量，例如，成本和灵活性，反过来，帮助整合这种成本会计制度和财务理由模型图。包括工程经济调整过程中，因此企业更好地解决复杂的问题，涉及的理由的金融和技术专家一起工作，在一个多学科小组。
Such a successful group is likely to shed light on such questions as: What is the rate of return of ergonomics? What is the payback of a six-sigma program? What are the benefits of this new information technology? What is the value of flexibility associated with this FMS? It is unreasonable to think that one person would be able to answer such difficult questions satisfactorily.The need for a project evaluation group thus seems more appropriate in the face of the competitive environment within which firms must compete, on the one hand, and the complexity of the projects involved, on the other.这样一个成功的团队很可能作为阐明这些问题：什么是人体工程学的回报率？一个六西格玛项目的回报是什么呢？这种新的信息技术有什么好处？什么是FMS与此相关联的灵活性的价值？这是不合理的，认为一个人会能够圆满回答这些困难的问题。项目评估组的需要，从而在面对内，企业必须竞争，一方面，涉及的项目，另一方面，复杂的竞争环境似乎更为合适。
Such a concept is certainly compatible with open accounting, which is implemented by firms and aimed at sharing financial information inside the organization.There is another practical advantage of starting a group that has diversity: the persons involved agree to have a unified vision of costs and benefits related to a new technology(if they want to work effectively).Lack of agreement on the nature of costs and benefits may lead to controversies over the project and failure of the justification effort.这种观念当然是兼容开放会计，这是由企业和实施旨在分享组织内部的财务信息。还有另一种开始一组具有多样性的实际优势：有关人士同意有一个涉及到一个新的技术（如果他们想有效地开展工作）的成本和利益的一致看法。缺乏对成本和收益的性质的协议，可能会导致对项目和失败的理由努力的争议。
A project evaluation group, like any group or task force in the firm, should follow a process.In a way, economic justification itself is a process.This may not be obvious, but to evaluate a project, especially one of those proposed today, a great deal of analysis must be done.The justification process can be defined in terms of steps as illustrated in Figure 2.项目评估组，如任何团体或公司专案组，应遵循一个过程。在某种程度上，经济上的理由本
身是一个过程。这可能不是很明显，但评估一个项目，尤其是那些今天提出的，必须做大量的分析。可以定义的理由，在步骤上，如图2所示。
Figure 2（图2）
Steps in the evaluation process
An important advantage of such a process is that the overall evaluation problem is divided into smaller subproblems that can be tackled more easily.Moreover, this process is able to give a sense of direction to engineering economy analysts and to nonspecialists who are confronted with justifying their proposals and have nowhere to start.Such a process is needed for the kinds of projects that are found in today's proposals(e.g.new manufacturing technologies, new computer/information systems, total quality programs, and ergonomics projects).理想的情况下，图2中的所有步骤应执行;但是，根据具体情况，其中一些步骤可能需要更多或更少的努力。但隐或任何理由的程序明确的是，成本和收益的性质确定的事实。然后，他们的行为是在这种或那种方式（工程经济学家，成本估计，和传统的管理会计师都使用一些成本模型）为蓝本。之后，被分配到特定的成本对象，如生产/组装线，部门，工作站或产品成本。然后，由项目产生的未来收益的估计。该项目的评估是在短期和长远的角度而言，随着风险分析（应该做的，如果可能的话）。
lly, all of the steps in Figure 2 should be performed;however, depending on the specific situation, some of these steps may require more or less effort.But implicit or explicit in any justification procedure is the fact that the nature of costs and benefits be identified.Then their behavior is modeled in one way or another(engineering economists, cost estimators, and traditional and management accountants all use some cost models).Afterward, costs are allocated to specific cost objects such as a production/assembly line, department, workstation, or product.Then, an estimate of future benefits resulting from the project is performed.The evaluation of the project is done in terms of both short-and long-term standpoints along with a risk analysis(which should be done, if possible).在评估过程中的步骤
这样一个过程的一个重要的优势是整体评价的问题是划分成更小的子可以更容易地处理。此外，这个过程是能够提供一种方向感，工程经济分析和证明他们的建议，面对非专业和无处开始。这样一个过程是，在今天的建议（如新的制造技术，新的计算机/信息系统，全面质量计划，和人体工程学项目）的项目的各种需要。
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