词型转换

第一篇：词型转换

1.community(复数)—

21.safe（反义词)—

2.gas(复数)— 3.hair(复数)— 4.bakery(复数)— 5.newspaper(复数)— 6.write(同音词)— 7.left(反义词)— 8.buy(同音词)— 9.stop(现在分词)— 10.direction(动词)— 11.see(同音词)— 12.happy(反义词)— 13.simple(近义词)— 14.cross(名词)— 15.there(对应词)— 16.jog(名词)— 17.photo(近义词)— 18.mouse(复数)— 19.have(单三)— 20.love(近义词)—

22.danger(形容词)— 23.good(副词)— 24.tall(反义词)— 25.match(复数)— 26.leaf(复数)— 27.big(比较级)— 28.(最高级)— 29.bring(近义词)— 30.too(同义词)— 31.hobby(复数)— 32.travel(现在分词)— 33.fun(同义词)— 34.(反义词)— 35.busy(名词)— 36.swim(现在分词)— 37.knit(现在分词)— 38.let’s(完全形式)— 39.no(同音词)— 40.do(单三)— 41.hard(反义词)— 42.meet(同音词)— 43.can not(缩写)— 44.aunt(同音词)— 45.same(反义词)— 46.they(单数)— 47.Chinese(名词)— 48.eye(同音词)— 49.study(单三)— 50.(近义词)— 51.good(比较级)— 52.(最高级)— 53.first(基数词)— 54.many(近义词)— 55.(近义词组)— 56.old(反义词)— 57.Canada(形容词)— 58.Japanese(名词)— 59.vacation(近义词)— 60.hour(同音词)—

61.stick(名词)— 62.go(过去式)— 63.bring(过去式)— 64.break(过去式)— 65.are(过去式)— 66.is(过去式)— 67.see(过去式)— 68.have(过去式)— 69.take(过去式)— 70.feel(过去式)— 71.do(过去式)— 72.run(过去式)— 73.find(过去式)— 74.stop(过去式)—

 big—  new—  beautiful—  hot—  short—  cool—  safe—  left—  easy—  behind—  good—  tall—  up—  thin—  go—  old—  answer—  bring—  begin—  open—  black—  green—  cry—

 here—  same—  this—  those—  sit—  wrong—  no—  boring—

同 义 词 1.start— 2.fun— 3.picture— 4.love— 5.learn— 6.many— 7.too— 8.job— 9.nice— 10.laugh— 11.easy— 12.get to— 13.hard— 14.good— 15.vacation—

动词现在分词 1.cut— 2.making— 3.sing— 4.put— 5.give— 6.swimming— 7.stop— 8.begin— 9.bring— 10.shop— 11.run— 12.boat— 13.jog— 14.sit— 15.get— 16.have— 17.lying— 18.forget— 19.take— 20.travel— 21.knit—

动词和名词互换 1.building— 2.flight— 3.driver— 4.invite— 5.tour— 6.teach— 7.bake— 8.crossing— 9.visit— 10.write— 11.jog— 12.sticker— 13.sing—

形容词和副词互换 1.good— 2.finally— 3.careful—

第二篇：英语词型转换题

can(过去式)old（反义词）

put(过去式)big（反义词）

read(过去式)tall（反义词）dance(现在分词）do(现在分词）

sing(现在分词）short(比较级）come(过去式)see(现在分词）teach(三单）see(同音词)nice(比较级）easy（反义词）buy(过去式)grandfather（对应词）lie(现在分词）good(比较级）get(过去式)have(三单）sit(现在分词）make(过去式)have(现在分词）

do(过去式)say(现在分词）give(过去式)

big(比较级）run(过去式)

cut(现在分词）fix(三单）no(同音词)easy(比较级）heavy（反义词）feel(过去式)meet(同音词)

die(现在分词）much(比较级）learn(过去式)like(三单）run(现在分词）teach(过去式)

take(现在分词）drink(过去式)

cat(复数）

go(过去式)

hot(比较级）bring(过去式)

swim(现在分词）say(三单）write(同音词)heavy(比较级）same（反义词）have(过去式)buy(同音词)

come(现在分词）different(比较级）meet(过去式)look(三单）get(现在分词）tell(过去式)

think(现在分词）eat(过去式)

friend(复数）ride(过去式)

bus(复数）

quiz(复数）fox(复数）

write(过去式)

take(过去式)

forget(过去式)sport(复数）work(过去式)story(复数）do(三单）move(过去式)make(三单）drop(过去式)woman(复数）morning（对应词）

piece(复数）play(过去式)knife(复数）go(三单）study(过去式)eat(三单）stop(过去式)child(复数）uncle（对应词）

fairy(复数）live(过去式)life(复数）watch(三单）try(过去式)fly(三单）leaf(复数）small(比较级）girl（对应词）

第三篇：Conversion词的转换译法

Conversion词的转换译法（1）

大体可分为 7 种：①词类转换（转性）；②句子成分转换；③表达方式转换；④自然语序和倒装语序转换；⑤正面表达与反面表达转换；⑥主动语态与被动语态转换；⑦分句转换。Converted into verb

英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。1.Noun-->verb

一）英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。

1.名词派生的动词

1）Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。

2）To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。

2.名词转用的动词

1）Most U.S.spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's

atmosphere after completing their missions.美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。

2）The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way.植物没有专门的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。

3）As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。

Practice 1.My admiration for him grows more and more.我对他越来越钦佩了。2.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the studies of current affairs.了解世界历史对研究时事很有帮助。

3.He said he didn’t know whether the Russians were ready for a showdown.他说他不知道俄国人是否准备摊牌。

-er,-or-->Verb

He is a heavy drinker and a chain smoker.他这个人既能抽烟，又能喝酒。

Londoners are great readers.伦敦人喜欢读书。

2.Adj.-->Verb

Be convinced that…确信… 3.Prep./ Adv-->verb

Are you for or against my opinion? 你赞同还是反对我的观点？

Watermelons are in.西瓜上市了。

4.take/have/give/make

They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.他们最后看了铁麦克一眼---它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。

The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行。

II.Converted into Noun

1.Verb-->Noun, such as aim, characterize, impress, etc

The camel is characterized by an ability to go for many days without water.骆驼的特点是不喝水能行走多日。

What impressed me most was his heroic deed.他的英雄壮举给我留下了深刻的印象。

有些英语被动式句子中的动词，可以译成“受（遭）到……+名词”、“予（加）2 以+名词”这类结构。如：

Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth.（由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。）

2.Adj.-->Noun

1.英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人，汉译时常译成名词。The decreased死者（表单数）/The accused被告（表单数）/ 其余: the + adj.表复数。/The fittest survive.适者生存。如：

1）They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。

2）Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。

2.此外，根据情况还有些形容词可以译成名词。如：

1）Stevenson was eloquent and elegant——but soft.史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。

2）They were considered insincere.他们被人认为是伪君子

III.Adj.-->Adv.We should make a systematic and comprehensive study of the theory on art and literature.我们应当系统全面地研究文艺理论。

Conversion词类转译练习

1.Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.在学习中，独立思考是绝对必要的。

2.If the newspapers want to have a large circulation number, they must be informative, instructive and entertaining.如果报纸想得以大量发行，必须具有知识性、思想性和趣味性。

3.Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.各国社会制度不同，不应妨碍彼此接近和相互合作。

4.We are deeply convinced of the correctness of the reform and opening up policy and firmly determined to pursue it.我们坚信改革开放的正确性，并决心继续奉行。

5.In those years the Republicans are in.在那些年是共和党执政。

6.Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them.他们之间始终保持着传统的友好关系。

7.Our age is witnessing a profound political change.我们时代是一场深刻社会变革的见证。

8.Little by little they went along the entire coast of the Arctic Ocean, making careful observation on the way.他们沿着北冰洋海岸慢慢地航行，一路仔细观察。

9.Please let us know if our terms are acceptable.请告是否接受我方条款。

10.The new contract would be good for 5 years.新的合同有效期为五年。

11.The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones.千百万的非洲人民已经逐渐认识到他们的贫困落后，这就促使他们去采取措

施，创造新的条件。

12.We guarantee prompt delivery of goods.我们保证迅速发货。

13.He noticed a very close agreement between the two countries on the Taiwan issue.他注意到两国在台湾问题上的看法是非常一致的。

14.These problems defy easy classification.这些问题难以归类。

15.He personified the evil that was in the world.他是世间一切邪恶的化身。

16.On this question people of different age groups think differently.对于这个问题，不同年龄段的人有不同的看法。

17.He was motivated by a desire to reach a compromise.他的动机是希望达成某种妥协。

18.The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man.因此，对于从事社会活动的人来说，培养一种爱好和新的兴趣至关重要。

19.His style is characterized by brevity.他的写作特点是简洁。

20.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of the old generations back 36 years ago.怪不得老一辈的人看到这个情景就会想起36年前的往事。

21.Every state is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national security.每个国家应该如何保证他的安全，只有他自己才能做出决策。

22.His words and deeds testify to his honesty.他的言行证明他是诚实的。

23.Every Englishman has some knowledge, however slight, of the work of our greatest writer.每个英国人都了解一些我们这位伟大作家的作品，不管他了解多少。

24.Americans have a craze for the sun, a belief that the sun will cure chronic illness and that where there is sunshine, there will be a job.美国人狂热地喜欢太阳，相信太阳能治疗慢性病，有太阳的地方就有工作。

词的转换译法（2）

转性译法是指在翻译过程中,根据译语的规范,把原句中某种词类的词转换成另一种词类的词,也就是我们通常所说的词类转换。英语和汉语的词类大部分重合，但是在英语中某个词类的词语可以充当的句子成分相对较少。例如，英语中充当主语的只有代词、名词或相当于名词的动名词或不定式，充当谓语的大多为动词；而汉语中，名词、动词、形容词都可以做主语、谓语、宾语以及表语。

一、汉语动词的转译

汉语的一个显著特点是大量使用动词，包括连动式和兼动式。有时，一个句子会出现多个动词，如：你妈妈叫你回去。

而英语中，一个句子通常只有一个主动词：your mother wants you back at once.汉语中动词使用比较频繁，当翻译成英语时，常用名词、形容词、介词、副词等词来译。

（一）汉语动词转译为英语名词

英语中名词结构占绝对优势，因此常用名词来表示汉语中的动词。英语有词形变化，这大大丰富了英语的名词，有些动词只要在后面加上后缀就变成名词了。汉译英时如果能适当地把动词转换为名词，则能使译文更自然，更凝练。

1.医生建议我多锻炼一些。

译文：the doctor gave me some advice of doing more exercise．

2.操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。

译文：the operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its function．

3.一定要少说空话，多做工作。

译文：there must be less empty talk and more hard work．

4.人口在不断地增加。

译文：there is a steady increase in population．

（二）汉语动词译为英语介词或介词短语

英语中介词不仅数量多（大约有280多个），而且与其他的词类搭配灵活，名词、代词、动名词、从句均可以作它的宾语。英语中介词意义丰富，且随着搭配的不同，意义会发生变化。而且有些英语介词是由动词演变而来的，依然具有动词特征，所以有时汉语动词可以用英语介词或介词词组来翻译。

（1）他到商店去买酱油。

译文：he went to the shop for a bottle of sauce.（2）她漂亮得无法形容。译文：her beauty is beyond word.（3）一座跨越杭州湾的大桥已经开始建设。

译文：a bridge has been under construction, which will span the Hangzhou bay.二、汉语名词的转译

汉语名词作主语、表语或宾语时，一般译为相应的英语名词。

但有时汉语的名词不能硬译为英语名词，而是应该根据英文习惯，转译为英语的动词、形容词或副词等词类。

（一）汉语名词转译为英语动词

英语中有一部分动词是从名词派生而来的，有的英语名词同时可以兼做动词用。汉语中的名词，尤其是抽象名词，如果也把它们翻译成英语名词，那么句子就会不地道，不符合英文的习惯。在这种情况下，我们可以把这些汉语名词译为相应的英语动词，原来主语、表语或宾语的定语就译为英语中的主语。

例如：

1)雄伟的人民大会堂给我们留下了深刻的印象。

the magnificent great hall of the people impressed us tremendously.2)他的画的特点是笔力沉着，色彩鲜艳。

his paintings are characterized by steady strokes and bright colors

上面两个例句中的“印象”、“特点”在汉语中只能用做名词表示，而在英语 常常用动词表达。3)如果旅馆都满客了，我们可以给你提供住处。we can house you if the hotels are full.4)他是世上一切邪恶的化身。

he personified the evil that was in the world.5)他的呼吸有股大蒜味道。he breaths smells of garlic.6)无知和疏忽是这错误的原因。

ignorance and negligence has caused this mistake.7)橄榄枝是和平的象征。olive branch symbolizes peace.8)这只船容易颠覆，因为它造型不合理。

译文一：this boat is apt to overturn because its shape is unreasonably.译文二：this boat is apt to overturn because it unreasonably is shaped.（二）汉语名词转译为英语形容词或副词

词类转换是英汉翻译很重要的手段之一，运用得当，可使译文通顺流畅，否则译文可能生硬晦涩。下面将英汉互译中最常见的词类转换现象介绍如下:

1.汉语中的动词转换成英语中的名词

汉语中动词用的较多，除了动宾结构外，还有连动式、兼语式等两个动词以上连用的现象。英语则不然，一句话往往只有一个谓语动词，但英语中的名词比汉语中的名词用的多。基于两种语言的这一特点，在汉译英时常把汉语中的动词转换为英语中的名词。

如：

1.你必须好好地照顾病人。You must take good care of the patient.2.他善于观察。He is a good observer.在上述两句中，“照顾”，“观察”都是动词，但译成英语，则用的是名词care和 observer。

不过，在翻译过程中，有时也要把汉语中的名词转换成英语的动词。如：

他的演讲给我们的印象很深。His speech impressed us deeply.8 2.汉语中的动词转换为英语的形容词

汉语中一些表示知觉、情感的动词，往往可以转译成英语形容词，通常用“be +形容词......”的结构来表达。

如：

我为他的健康担忧。I am worried about his health.我们对她所做的一切感到满意。We are satisfied with what she did.3.汉语中的动词转换成英语的介词或介词短语

与汉语相比，英语用介词较多，而且有一些英语介词本身是由动词演变而来，具有动词的特征。因此，在汉译英时，汉语中的动词常可用英语中的介词或介词短语来翻译。

1.露西和莉莉上同一个学校。Lucy and Lily are in the same school.2.我反对这项法律。I am against the law.4.汉语中的形容词转化为英语中的名词。如：

1.你说他傻不傻？Don't you think he is an idiot? 2.他的生日宴会很成功。His birthday party was a great success.5.英语中的形容词转化为汉语中的名词。如：

Robinhood often looted the rich and helped the poor.罗宾汉经常劫富济贫。

6.英语中的副词转化为汉语名词。如：

1.What is the fare to Nanjing and back? 去南京一个来回车费是多少？ 2.She is physically weak but mentally sound.她体质差但头脑健全。

词 的 转 换(3)

一、词类转换 1.名词到动词

1）表示心理状态和观点表达的名词。

Opinion/thought/objection/ refusal /declaration /declination/ proposal/ suggestion /hope/ wish/ dream/dread/ afraid/ worry My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.我建议他立刻戒烟。

2)“七感”以及衍生名词

sight /hearing/ touch /smelling/ taste /feeling /hunch/intuition /spectator /audience For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land.数百万移民一踏上这块希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。Large numbers enjoy the spectator sports.许多人喜欢观看比赛。

3)加er或or结尾的动词派生词，不表示身份或职业，而有较强的动作意味。

a fast runner跑得很快, a smart learner学得很快,a good liar你真会说谎,a bad kisser你吻技真差

You are such a loser!你真逊！

4)四大基本趋势以及任何表示动态变化的名词 Increase/decrease/estabilization /fluctuation The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.在过去的 20 年当中，美国航空业迅猛发展。

Extension/concentration /dilution /growth/ boom /prosperity

2.介词到动词

1)off 脱离；离开；出去；走了 2）beyond 超过

The book is beyond my understanding.我根本读不懂这本书。

The classroom is beyond its maximum seating capacity.这个教室坐不下那么多人。Beyond paradise 3)above / below超过/ 低于

It’s below the average level.4)with /without 具有；拥有/缺乏；没有 5）from/to 包括；如

the developing countries from China to Brazil 包括中国、巴西在内的发展中国家 如中国、巴西的发展中国家

from /derive from 来源于/free from脱离/to /gift to you赠与；给 6）over 战胜

The victory of justice over arbitrary acts, of reason over decadence and blindness, of democracy over imperialism, of good over evil.正义战胜了专断行为，理智战胜了堕落和盲目，民主战胜了帝国主义，善战胜了恶。7)under 客观的具有；

under the policy under the assumption 中国政府无义务承诺

The Chinese government is under no obligation to 8）during 赶上

During the 10th anniversary of our corporation’s founding, I’d like to have 35% off the original price.3.形容词和副词互转

Our government shows great concern for the Chinese residents abroad.我国政府十分关心海外侨胞。

4.动词到名词

Our proposal was warmly welcomed by all the representatives.我们的提议得到了全体代表的热烈欢迎。

The girl impressed her relatives’ favorably with her vivacity and sense of humor.这个女孩以她的活泼和幽默感给她亲戚们留下了极好的印象。The visiting guests were escorted to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday.上周日，来访客和陪同人员一起参观了黄鹤楼。

一般来说，词类转译技巧的运用可从以下四个方面加以注意。

2、转译成名词。

英语中的某些动词、形容词，翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。The earth on which we live is shaped a ball.我们居住的地球，形状象一个大球。（动词转译）The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded.医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。（形容词转译）

3、转译成形容词。

英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词，以及某些形容词派生的名词，往往可转译成汉语中的形容词。

另外，当英语动词转译成汉语名词时，原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词。

It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water.使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。（作表语的名词转译）The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man.太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。（副词转译）

4、转译成副词。

英语中的某些名词、形容词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。

When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来。（名词转译）

英译汉翻译技巧句子成分的转换

有些译者喜欢在英汉两种语言中寻找相应的语法成分，如主语、谓语、宾语，并进行一对一的转换，这种翻译在很多情况下是不成功的，因为英汉在句子结构上存在一个很大的区别。英语句子以SV（O）为框架，可以迭加多种形式的从属句子——从句、分词短语、介词短语等等——形成一个明显的形式结构。而汉语的主谓关系和英语存在很大的差别。它的形式结构不像英语那么明显，主要靠小句的串接、意义的连贯来组建句子。这类句子的谓语与主语的关系是一种陈述与被陈述。说明与被说明的关系，而不必有动作上的支配关系。英语的主谓宾语有明确的形式结构特征，而汉语主谓主要是一种语义上的结合，是一种“主题+述题”或“话题+说明”的信息结构，往往是先提出一个话题，然后对它加以评价。所以，在英译汉的过程中未必能进行语法成分的直接转换，而需要重新确立汉语的主语，经历了一种从形合结构向意向结构转化的趋势，这种趋势常体现在两个方面：一个是把英语句子拆开，成为两、三个汉语句子；二是把英语从属成分译为汉语小句，成为小句串接的意合结构。试看下例：

1.Tact must be used in requesting permission.译文：征求同意，应注意方式方法

2.Mere chance seemed to determine who lived and who died.译文：究竟谁死谁活，似乎只有一种偶然性决定。

3.The constant sunshine and mild climate of southern California made it an ideal

site for shooting motion pictures.译文：加利佛尼亚洲南部阳光充足，气候宜人，是拍摄影片的理想场所。

可以看出：翻译时往往要将英语句子的宾语转换为汉语的话题，有时也会将其他成分进行话题转换。这要视上下文及汉语表达的需求而定。

浅析英汉翻译中词类转换法的运用

英语属印欧语系，汉语属藏族语系。英汉两种语言在词汇和语法结构方面有许多不同，在大多数情况下英译汉时很难将两种语言的词汇和结构一一对应。为了使译文符合汉语习惯，翻译时不必拘泥于原文表层结构，可以在忠实原文意义的前提下将原文中某些词的词类成分转换为汉语的其他词类或成分。

下面是几个涉及词类转换的实例。例1：

Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs.Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.译文：在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求；另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。(形容词reasonable转为副词，名词results转为动词，consequences of转为动宾结构)

例2：

This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业难以以高能量消耗这种美国耕作形式继续下去了，而这种耕作方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。(副词particularly、名词energy转为形容词，形容词possible转为名词，介词with转为动词。)

例3：

The emphasis on data gathered firsthand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, make this study a unique and distinctly important social science.译文：强调收集第一手材料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

(名词emphasis、过去分词短语combined with转为动词)

英译汉中的词类或句子成分转换情况:

1、英语名词转译成汉语的动词、形容词或副词在现代英语中，名词使用的范围比较广，不仅常用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语，还可以用作定语或状语。具有动作意义的名词，往往可以与介词短语一起构成名词化结构，其意义相当于一个句子。英语中许多名词含义灵活，翻译时需要从其基本意义出发，联系上下文加以灵活处理。

一般说来，具有动作意义的名词或含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译为汉语动词；由形容词派生的名词和一些加不定冠词作表语用的名词往往可以转译成形容词。有些意义抽象的名词或名词短语与句子其他成分之间存在一定的逻辑关系时，可以根据其意义转译成汉语副词或相应的状语从句。

例如: 1)A glance though his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。(名词转译成动词)

2)We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.我们感到，解决这个复杂的问题是复杂的。(名词转译成形容词)3)I had the fortune to meet him.我幸运地见到了他。(名词转译成副词)

4)I had the impression that your brother was the director of the company.在我的印象中，你哥哥是那家公司的懂事长(名词转译成状语)

2、英语形容词转译成汉语的副词、动词或名词由于英汉两种语言在表达方式上的不同，由于英汉两种语言在表达方式上的不同，有些英语形容词可以转化为汉语副词这种转译法在形容词修饰的名词转译成汉语动词时更常运用。表示心理状态的形容词在联系动词后作表语时常转译成汉语动词。可以转译成汉语名词的英语形容词通常有两种：一种是加上定冠词表示某一类人的形容词；另一种是用来表示特征或性质的形容词，可以根据汉语习惯转译成名词。

例如:

1)He was a regular visitor.他以前经常来(形容词转化成副词)

2)A successful scientist must be a good observer.一个成功的科学家一定善于观察(形容词转化成动词)

3)They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员(形容词转化成名词)

3、英语可转译成汉语的名词、动词或形容词英语中副词使用频繁，有的表示时间、地点、方式，用来修饰动词；有的表示程度，用来修饰形容词或其它副词；有的起连接作用引导从句；有的用来修饰整个句子。英语副词在句子中的位置也比较灵活，有时在句首，有时在动词前后，有时在词语中间翻译时首先要弄清它的修饰关系，正确理解其含义，然后根据汉语习惯灵活处理。英语形容词或动词转译成汉语名词时，原来修饰形容词或动词的副词往往随着转译成汉语形容词。

1)I love having Friday off.我喜欢每星期五休息(副词转译成名词)2)How long will he be away? 他要离开多久(副词转化成动词)

3)I suppose boys think differently from girls.我想男孩和女孩的思维方式不同(副词转化成形容词)

4、英语动词可转译成汉语名词和副词英语中一些由名词派生或转用的动词，其概念很难用汉语动词来表达，翻译时可将该英语动词转义成汉语名词。英语被动句译成汉语“受到…+名词”或“加以+名词”结构时，该英语动词则转译成汉语名词。英语中有些动词具有汉语副词的含义，翻译时可转译成汉语副词。例如: 1)I succeeded in persuading him.我成功地说服了他(动词转化成副词)

2)He aims to enter the university next year.他的目标是明年进大学(动词转化成名词)

5、英语介词可转译成汉语动词

英语介词在句子中表示词与词之间的关系，用得相当广泛。英语介词含义灵活，搭配关系复杂，翻译时要根据其搭配关系和上下文灵活处理。一般说来，与动词搭配使用的介词往往可以省略不译，如：arrive at/in(到达)，look after(照看)，persist in(坚持)，put up with(忍受)，take care of(照管)等。

具有动作含义的英语介词或介词短语翻译时往往转译成汉语动词。例如:

go by car乘汽车去

a present for Susan 给苏姗的礼物

a letter written by English 一封英文书信

Break the circuit first in case of fire 如遇火警，首先切断电源

6、句子成分转换在很多情况下，英语中的句子成分在翻译时也可根据需要进行转换。例如:

1)As the match burns, heat and light are given off.火柴燃烧时发出光和热(主语转为宾语)2)This sort of stone has a relative density of 2.7.这种石头的相对密度是2.7(宾语转为主语)

3)Careful comparison of them will show you the difference.只要仔细把它们比较一下，你就会发现不同之处(主语转为谓语,宾语转为主语)

4)The baby doubled its weight in a year.婴儿的体重一年中涨了一倍(主语转为定语，宾语转为主语)

5)Thousands of terrified watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.成千上万的观众目瞪口呆，心怦怦直跳(定语转为谓语)

6)The ocean was filled with turtles and fish.海洋里鱼鳖成群，张网可得(主语转为状语，宾语转为主语)参考文献

[1]Carter R & McCarthy M.Vocabulary and LanguageTeaching[M].London:Longman, 1998.[2] Corson D J.Using English Words [M].Dordrech: Kluwer Academic Publishers.1995.[3]王文斌.英语词法概论[M].上海外语教育出版社，2006.[4]胡文仲.英美文化词典[M].北京：外语教学研究出版社，1997.

第四篇：专升本词形转换常考词总结

大学英语A级考试词形转换常考词总结

（总共246个核心词汇）

词形转换主要是考查名、动、形、副四种词形的相互转换

词形转换四大法宝:

1.be + adj/doing/done

2.vt/prep/a/an/the/adj + n

3.prep + n/doing

4.adv + v/adj/adv/clause(+ adv)

accomplish-accomplishment

advertise-advertisement-advertiser

agree-agreement-agreeable

amaze-amazement-amazed-amazing

appoint-appointment-disappoint-disappointment-disappointed-disappointing argue-argument

arrange-arrangement

commit-commitment犯

courage-encourage-encouragement-discourage-discouragement-discouraging develop-development

employ-employment-employer-employee

entertain-entertainment

govern-government

improve-improvement

large-enlarge-enlargement

move-movement

require-requirement-request

able-ability-enable-inability-disable-disability-unable

possible-possibility

probable-probability

responsible-responsibility

miss-missing

appear-appearance-disappear-disappearance-apparent-apparently

think-thought-thoughtful-thoughtfulness-thoughtless-thoughtlessness thank-thankful

beauty-beautiful-beautifully

wonder-wonderful-wonderfully

permit-permission

admit-admission

exhibit-exhibition

true-truth-truly

know-known-knowledge-knowledgeable

fortune-fortunate-fortunately-misfortune-unfortunate-unfortunately

honest-honesty-honestly-dishonest-dishonestly-dishonesty

deliver-delivery

cover-discover-discovery

inquire-inquiry

recover-recovery

break-breakage-broken-breakable

advantage-advantageous-disadvantage-disadvantageous

use-usage-useful-useless

marry-marriage-married-unmarried

percent-percentage

short-shortage

single

married-unmarried

separate-separation

divorce-divorced-divorcement

agree-agreeable-agreement-disagreeable

change-changeable

desire-desirable

favor-favorable-favorite

advise-advisable-adviser

knowledge-knowledgeable

normal-in/im/un/mis/ir/il/abnormal

add-addition-additional-additionally

respond-response-responsible-responsibility-irresponsible-irresponsibility

suspect-suspicion-suspicious

qualify-qualification-qualified

class-classify-classification

exam-examine-examination

general-generalize-generalization

operate-operation-operator

locate-location

relax-relaxation

apply-application-applicant

assist-assistant-assistance

ten-ant-tenant房客

imply-implication-implied

educate-education-educator

graduate-graduation

indicate-indication

translate-translation-translator

misery-miserable

mystery-mysterious-mysteriously

nerve-nervous

curiosity-curious-curiously

occur-occurrence

refer-reference

differ-difference-different

rich-richness-enrich

poor-poverty

long-length-lengthen

high-height-heighten

strong-strength-strengthen

short-shortage-shorten

threat-threaten

wide-width-widen

deep-deepen

quick-quicken

sharp-sharpen

accurate-accuracy

private-privacy

agent-agency

constant-constancy

consistent-consistency

current-currency

effect-effective-effectively-effectiveness效果

efficient-efficiency-inefficient-inefficiency 效率

emergent-emergency

fluent-fluency

frequent-frequency

urge-urgent-urgency

complain-complaint

ignore-ignorant-ignorance

arrive-arrival

approve-approval-disapprove-disapproval

propose-proposal

refuse-refusal

remove-removal

survive-survival-survivor

like-dislike-likely-likelihood-unlike-unlikely-likeness-likelier-likeliest

friend-friendly-friendliness-friendship

love-lovely

die-dead-deadly-death

live-lively-life

year-yearly

month-monthly

week-weekly

day-daily-date

real-unreal-realize-realization

recognize-recognition

consider-consideration-considerable-considerably

concentrate-concentration

contribute-contribution

distract-distraction

investigate-investigation-investigator-investigative

translate-translation

organize-organization

occupy-occupation

solve-solution

resolve-resolution

introduce-introduction-introducer

produce-production-productive-product

-producer

protect-protection-protector

complete-completion

exhibit-exhibition

divide-division

comprehend-comprehension-comprehensive

comfort-discomfort-comfortable-uncomfortable

sign-signal

depend-dependable-dependent-dependence

-independent-independence-independently

satisfy-satisfaction-satisfied-unsatisfied-satisfactory-unsatisfactory-satisfying

free-freedom

wise-wisdom

king-kingdom

laugh-laughter笑声

believe-belief

plenty-plentiful

hang-hung-hung悬挂（不绞死我，我就不规则）

hang-hanged-hanged 绞死（-ed 可以想象为一根绳子（e）挂在脖子（d）上的样子）rise-rose-risen-risingvi

raise-raised-raised-raising vt

lie-lied-lied-lying-liar 说谎

lie-lay-lain-lying躺

lay-laid-laid-laying放置、下蛋

intelligent-intelligence-intellectual

aware-awareness

perform-performance-performer

act-action-activity-active-actively-inactive-inactively-inactivity confuse-confusion-confused-confusing

mean-meaning-meaningful-meaningless

excess-excessive-excessively

success-succeed-successful-successfully

-unsuccessful-unsuccessfully

fail-failure

decide-decision-decisive

ease-easy-easier-easiest

discuss-discussion

tour-tourism-tourist-tourist attraction

attract-attraction-attractive

trouble-troublesome

tire-tiresome

hand-handsome

rely-reliable

benefit-beneficial

guide-guidance

science-scientist-scientific

communicate-communication

electric-electricity-electrician-electronic mail

music-musician

technique-technology-technician-technical

patient-patience-impatient-impatience

understand-understanding-misunderstanding

history-historical-historic

lead-leader-leadership-mislead-misleading

hard-hardship

member-membership

read-reader-readership

curious-curiosity

symbol-symbolize

endure-endurance

occur-occurrence

help-helpful-helpless

hope-hopeful-hopeless

use-useful-useless-usage

diligent-diligence

explode-explosion-explosive-explosively-explosiveness attend-attendance-attendant

defend-defendant-defensive-defensively

-defensiveness

assist-assistant-assistance

ant-tenant

apply-applicant-application

participate-participant-participation

appreciate-appreciation

resist-resistance

necessary-necessity-necessarily

observe-observation-observer

tradition-traditional-traditionally

person-personal-personally

loyal-loyalty

safe-safety

accept-acceptance-acceptable

attend-attendance-attendant

distant-distance

please-pleasant-pleasantly-pleased

worry-worried-worrying-worryingly

equal-equality-equivalent-equivalence amaze-amazed-amazing-amazement

astonish-astonished-astonishing

interest-interested-interesting

surprise-surprised-surprising

invent-invention-inventor-inventive

occasion-occasional-occasionally

union-reunion

visit-visitor

west-westernize

intent-intention-intensive

annoy-annoyed-annoying-annoyance

construct-construction

differ-different-difference

destroy-destruction-destructive

extreme-extremely

compete-competition-competitive-competitor recognize-recognition

hunger-hungry

regular-regularly-irregular-irregularly bore-bored-boring

restrict-restriction-restrictive

express-expression-expressive-expressively right-rightly

introduce-introducer-introduction-introductive

第五篇：2011联大专升本英语词型转换综合训练及答案

更多资料下载：

33.The consumer was paid $20 as(compensate)for the damaged

goods.34.Measures have been taken by Government to(preventive)AIDS from

spreading.35.Ms.Brown recommended that the student who was late this morning

(speak)to the director.36.The mayor made a number of(construction)suggestions for those

who attended the meeting.37.It is widely acknowledged that musicians and artists have to be very

(create).38.He decided to learn(biological)when he entered college.39.Nowadays if you don’t know internet, you are out of(fashionable).40.Your suggestion is good, but there are some(practice)difficulties in

adopting it.41.It seems there is something(mystery)about his family background.42.I could not help(look)around with a good deal of curiosity.43.Nowadays some readers think they can not rely on the(accurate)of

the media report.44.It is dangerous for your children to swim(lone).45.It was(courage)of the young man to try to save the drowning child.46.(ultimate), it depends on yourself whether you decide to buy the

house.47.Facts and figures are given to make students realize the(necessary)of

learning English.48.(compare)with London, Paris seems more lively and romantic.49.The thief picked up the bag and(hurry)off.50.He believes that everyone should be equal(regard)of color and race.51.The old man was very sad about the(dead)of his only son.52.It is said that every country has its own social and(economy)

problems.53.He was promoted to a post of great(responsible).54.If you want to deposit at a bank, the(minimize)initial deposit is one

Yuan.55.It was(fortune)that Jane had a car accident on her way to school.56.The only(accessible)to the main building is along that dark corridor.57.My daughter is a hard-working student, and often(study)deep into the

night.58.(be)he not a disabled man, he would have had more promotion prospect.59.China’s population(characterize)by its large proportion of

rural population.60.This bridge is of(strategy)importance for the enemy and must be

destroyed.61.The whole magazine is produced and edited in the(pursue)of

excellence.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.84.85.86.87.88.89.90.91.92.93.94.95.96.97.He was respected(equal)by old and young.Our company met some(finance)problems last year.For me, learning Japanese is(easy)than learning English.(sex)equality is one of the most talked topics in this magazine.Asia(separate)from Africa by the Sues Canal.Don’t forget to put your(sign)before handing in your paper.The dustmen said they were(bad)paid and wanted more money.You can also(profitable)from your mistakes, as long as you pay attention to them.Look!Here(come)the bus.The government has set up a health care network to heal the(wound)and rescue the dying.Spring appears(be)the best season of the year.The government signed a bill(force)motorist paying their fees at the end of the month.What(love)weather it is today!John spoke slowly to make himself(understanding).His new novel is(concern)with tropical forest.She finished drawing the picture and examined it with(satisfy).I have been in Cuba for three months and know(few)about the cultures there.The happy time with my girlfriend was really(forget).China is an aging society, with 7% of its population(be)over 65 years old.When I got on the bus to buy the ticket, I found my wallet(miss).Mr.Wang(name)chairman of this group last week.It is(legal)to set up a company without registration.The teacher tells the boy if he cannot finish his(assign), he will get a minus mark.Mother agreed to buy the toys her boy wanted as long as he stopped(cry).Cooperation is more important than(compete).Police don’t think the witness’ description of the accident was(accept).We asked a local(art)to show us his work.Experts have found out different types of computer(virus).The typical symptoms of flu are(dizzy), headache and cough.Peter suggested that we(visit)the Summer Palace first.We can(communication)with relatives far away by internet.Government should permit free(express)of political opinions.You’ll never learn to use a computer if you don’t(practically)often.The(fast)you walk, the sooner you’ll get there.Is there any(possible)that you will persuade them?I would like to(emphasis)that we are ready to sign the contract at

any moment.98.It’s my first time to see such things, which is(usually)to me.99.It is hard to learn the(operate)of this complicated machine.100.All of us stared at her carefully, as though(try)to find out something.