2017考研英语阅读逐句翻译：2003年第2篇第3句

第一篇：2017考研英语阅读逐句翻译：2003年第2篇第3句

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！

2017考研英语阅读逐句翻译：2003年第2篇第3句

考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。凯程在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。

2003年第2篇第3句

Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.词汇：

respond//v.回答;回应，反应

advocate//n.支持者，拥护者

结构：

Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates(主句), //whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care(whose定语从句，其中and并列的是位于动词confusing和threatening).译文：

科学家需要对动物权利倡导者做出有力的回应，因为他们的言论混淆了公众的视听，从而威胁到健康知识和医疗保健等方面的发展。

今天的作业：

考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第2篇第4句 Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical researchbecause it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process ofhealth care research.

第二篇：2017考研英语阅读逐句翻译：2003年第2篇第18句

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！

2017考研英语阅读逐句翻译：2003年第2篇第18句

考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。凯程在线带 领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。下面我们来看2003年第2篇第18句的翻译。

2003年第2篇第18句Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.词汇：

ultimate //adj.最终的，终极的;基本的，根本的 stakeholder //n.股票持有人，股东

recruit //v.吸收，招募

结构：

Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients(because原因状语从句), //the health research community should actively recruit to its cause(主句，谓语动词是recruit，其宾语是not onlywell-known personalities„but all„，因为这个宾语太长，所以后置了，谓语的基本结构是recruit„to its cause)//not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper(not only并列的第一个宾语), /who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research(who定语从句修饰Cooper), //but all who receive medical treatment(but并列的第二个宾语，其中who定语从句修饰all).译文：

最后，因为最终的受益者是病人，医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬•库柏这样的名人的支持——他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定——而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。

翻译思路：stakeholder不是“股东”了

stakeholder本义是股东，这里借“股东”中“持有公司股票，享受公司利益”这一层含义。病人，是医院的“受益者”。

这个句子还有一个谓语结构recruit„to its cause，意思是“招募„到自己的事业中”。意思是“医院要吸纳„来成为自己事业的支持者”。

第三篇：考研英语万能句总结

在英语一大作文的写作过程中，多数同学都会遵循这样的原则，一般将整个作文分为3部分，首部：抛出一个话题，泛泛的叙述一下整体，且第一段不宜过长，20～30个单词即可。这一部分内容同学们可以采用以下万能句式：

1.This picture does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon。

2.The message conveyed in the picture seems to be that people tend to underestimate their abilities and magnify difficulties when confronted with challenges.But in fact , it is not the case。

3.The picture describes the scene of a very typical family workshop which we might find in every neighborhood in china。

中部：对所引出的话题做详细的议论或解释。这部分内容相对较多，并且占整个作文整体的重点部分，同学们可以采用以下这些句式：

1.The artist uses this unique metaphor in order to endow us with the concept that to habitually exercise is like to deposit money bit by bit in the bank。

2.The phenomenon reflected in the picture is both immoral and illegal.it is well known that caring the old is not only a traditional virtue cherished by Chinese ,but also a duty laid down in the constitution.in order to prevent such mistreatment typified in the picture, we should make efforts to promote moral education , and at the same time strengthen the regulations and laws。

3.Nevertheless,given the pessimistic statistics at the present, we can still predict optimistically that tobacco consumption will decline based on several emerging tendencies.in the first place , there is an extensive public awareness of the negative impact of smoking, and as a result ,more people resist the temptation of cigarettes.In the second place, governments are setting more regulations to limit tobacco

production.the effectiveness of such policy was testified by the prompt drop of the tobacco production from A to B ,as see in the picture。

4.What the drawing is trying to express is very conspicuous ,it shows people who are „„，moreover ,at the bottom of the picture are four huge characters, meaning “sports” and “health” ,which targets reminding us that sorts and health are intrinsically connected。

5.The harm caused by tobacco consumption is experiencing a similar upwardtrend-statistics indicates that 3000000 people die of smoking and related diseases every year。

6.The situation is rather depressing because intellectuals in fact contribute greatly to our country’s development, and it is largely owing to their painstaking efforts that pave the way for advancement and prosperity.to solve this problem , I think there should be a thieving social trend of showing respect to knowledge and intellects。

7.The picture is thought-provoking in that it endeavors to convince its audience that we can actually exercise anywhere , as long as wu have the awareness of preserving heath by exercise。

8.The sanitation problem of family workshops in the food industry has existed for a long time.it can be mainly attributed to two factors.the first and perhaps key factor is ignorance toward sanitation.the other reason lies on some businessmen’s short of occupational disciplines。

9.Such stimulating stories are not rare in our daily life.the most persuasive example is madam curies ,a world-reknowned female scientist.She was awarded twice the nobel prize for physics and for chemistry, within less than 10years.It is rather a uniquething in history of science in the whole world。

尾部：对上述话题就个人意见发表看法或提出观点。这一部分字数也不易太多，适当即可，同学们在写的时候尽量突出自己所写的观点，这时候可以采用这样句式作为收尾部分：

1.It is apparent that the author of the drawing tries to reveal to us: a finishing line always leads to another starting point。

2.As a result , the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span ,just as the picture shows us。

3.The tremendous contrast presented by the drawing alarmingly reminds us of the detrimental deterioration of oceanic ecosystem by the greediness of mankind。

4.Judging form the analysis above , we may safely come to the conclusion that the daunting problem demands effective countermeasures.Most importantly, the government needs to implement inspection.In addition,„„

5.All in all , I firmly believe that sports are not the business of a small group of athletes, but a life-long pursuit that every person should bear in mind and endeavor to put it into practice.not only do sports benefit individuals , the improvement of nation’s health would be a huge contribution to our country’s development。

6.I maintain that effective measures must be taken to put an end to this phenomenon.firstly, we need to advocate social responsibility and professional ethics in each field.secondly, strict regulations should be enacted and enforced to create a harmonious and orderly society.only through the combined efforts of government and society can we forcefully and completely climinate this “tumor”。

7.I reckon that the consciousness of maintaining health is

significant for both individuals and the whole society.On the individual level, it is vividly evidenced by the man in the picture that his wxercise improves his health and mood as well.On the social level, the improvement in quality of life contributes vastly to a harmonious society。

对于以上所英语作文各部分对应所需的考研英语万能句式，同学们需要做到极其熟练，背N遍，写N遍，熟练到想到第一个词可以不加思索的背出整个一句话为止。只有同学们真正做到对万能句特别熟悉，才能灵活运用，写出来的文章才真正属于自己。运用这些万能句，同学们几乎可以写出任何一篇想写的作文，考研英语实现鱼跃龙门将不在话下。

最后跨考教育教研室杨老师提醒广大考研学子：每句套用字数一定不要少，至少20个以上，一般可套用 4～5句，便差不多100个词了，作文框架也差不多搭建完整了。另外，万能句套用时一般替换原句中的名词即可，切忌避免犯语法错误，且字迹一定要工整，只要书写足够好，基本上就能覆盖个别错误。

第四篇：翻译 第2页

层粘连蛋白整合素Dll4 /缺口轴在视网膜血管生成的过程中是如何起作用的呢？Gerhardt小组通过使用大鼠的突变性分析对此进行了综合研究。内皮细胞需要α2,α3 和α6整合素相互作用，粘连到层粘连蛋白，并且α2或者α6的存在使得层粘连蛋白介质感应Dll4。而在视网膜，研究人员在小鼠中未见超萌芽表型，这是因为基因缺乏整合素α2,α3或β3.那么整合素是如何发生作用的呢？β1整合素内皮特异性、α2配体和α6亚基的缺失减弱了视网膜Dll4的表达和突变视网膜的超萌芽。考虑到先前的结果会预示一些根尖细胞表型层黏连蛋白，这个极度有益的结果会带来模型充分循环。

因此，在超萌芽状态期间，根尖细胞能产生层粘连蛋白，层粘连蛋白可以通过整合素反过来调控切口信号通道。鼠科动物层粘连蛋白411会特异诱导产生Vegfr-2和Dll4，他们能够激活内皮细胞的切口信号（如图1）。在体外，内皮细胞中Dll4的诱导作用需要整合素β1的参与，在体内则依赖于整合素α2或者α6。总体而言，Dll4通过层粘连蛋白411产生调控作用可能同时需要α2β1和α6β1.因此，根尖细胞会对动态微环境产生影响和反应。动态微环境会决定他们是否能够维持内皮茎细胞的主要特点或区分他们的转换状态。整个反应过程中涉及到的成分有特异性的膜组成，整合素，VEGF受体，切口配体和切口靶基因。

我们从根尖细胞微环境学到了什么？巨噬细胞——因影响膜组成而长期为人所知，能够对专门激活巨噬细胞切口蛋白的根尖细胞信号做出反应，并且有可能影响根尖细胞的表型。此外，神经元能够影响Dll4/切口通道。Gu和他的同事们已经发文指出VEGF控制从状蛋白D1的表达和壁板蛋白3E受体。（Sema3E ；Kimet al,2011）.在小鼠视网膜中，丛状蛋白D1基本上是在正在生长的血管前端内皮中表达。Sema3E是视网膜神经元分泌用以在内皮细胞中产生Sema3E-plexin D1信号的。这目前是另一个影响Dll4表达的调控通道，因为Sema3E和plexin D1的“得到和缺失”功能会阻断视网膜脉管系统中正常Dll4的表达，切口活性，根尖/茎细胞的分配。

有着如此多的指挥机制作用于初期萌芽状态，指挥机制包括基本膜，巨噬细胞和神经元，还有其它一些内皮细胞，根尖细胞是如何保持整个过程是连贯的呢？这是自然界的奇迹之一。

第五篇：大学英语第课后翻译答案

1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.5.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 1)会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work….3)他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight…….4)委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location)这一问题上持有不同意见。The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's……….1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称职而被解雇了。2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明显是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店。3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.这项建议在会上一宣布，她就站起来提出异议。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏资金，他们正在想办法吸引外资。6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.这个房间有股霉味，一定是好久没人住了。1)那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了。3)千万别说可能会被人误解的话。4)我被他们互相矛盾的意见搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。6)体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。8)我相信比较高级的|(higher)|动物是由比较低级的|（lower）|动物进化而来|（develop from）|的这一学说。3)吉姆的朋友说，他们那个城市的噪音污染十分严重，但是他们只好忍着。4)汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、技术和经验，一定能够找到一份称心如意的工作。5)冷静耐心地处理这个微妙(delicate)问题是明智的。6)迪克以为，如果他拆不开那台机器，那么很可能厂里别的工人也拆不开。7)你是否认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负完全的责任？ 1)在当地政府的领导下，村民们奋起应付由水灾造成的严重粮食危机。2)这个展览会很受欢迎，吸引着源源而至的参观者。3)妈妈上楼来查看我们这些孩子时，我转过身假装睡着了

完形填空：

一、1、bewildered

2、impressed

3、modest

4、profound

5、displayed

6、ambition

7、singled out

8、puzzle

9、capable

10、at ease

二、1、advertised

2、local

3、slim

4、apply

5、disapproval

6、consisted

7、attached importance

8、obriously

9、incommon

10、salary

11、praspect

三、1、action

2、obtain

3、humble

4、origins

5、go out of one’s way

6、conflict

7、acted on

8、own to

9、behind

四、1、surgical

2、confident

3、dwell on

4、emergency

5、sweat

6、competent

7、at one time or another

8、relax

五、1、moved in

2、waged 3.property 4.take a stand 5.drifted 6.trageday 7.prompt 8.impact 9.took to 10.get through to 11.run into 12.fussing 1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.5.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 1)会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work….3)他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight…….4)委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location)这一问题上持有不同意见。The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's……….1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称职而被解雇了。2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明显是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店。3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.这项建议在会上一宣布，她就站起来提出异议。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏资金，他们正在想办法吸引外资。6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.这个房间有股霉味，一定是好久没人住了。

1)那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了。3)千万别说可能会被人误解的话。4)我被他们互相矛盾的意见搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。6)体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。8)我相信比较高级的|(higher)|动物是由比较低级的|（lower）|动物进化而来|（develop from）|的这一学说。3)吉姆的朋友说，他们那个城市的噪音污染十分严重，但是他们只好忍着。4)汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、技术和经验，一定能够找到一份称心如意的工作。5)冷静耐心地处理这个微妙(delicate)问题是明智的。6)迪克以为，如果他拆不开那台机器，那么很可能厂里别的工人也拆不开。7)你是否认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负完全的责任？ 1)在当地政府的领导下，村民们奋起应付由水灾造成的严重粮食危机。2)这个展览会很受欢迎，吸引着源源而至的参观者。3)妈妈上楼来查看我们这些孩子时，我转过身假装睡着了 完形填空：

一、1、bewildered

2、impressed

3、modest

4、profound

5、displayed

6、ambition

7、singled out

8、puzzle

9、capable

10、at ease

二、1、advertised

2、local

3、slim

4、apply

5、disapproval

6、consisted

7、attached importance

8、obriously

9、incommon

10、salary

11、praspect

三、1、action

2、obtain

3、humble

4、origins

5、go out of one’s way

6、conflict

7、acted on

8、own to

9、behind

四、1、surgical

2、confident

3、dwell on

4、emergency

5、sweat

6、competent

7、at one time or another

8、relax

五、1、moved in

2、waged 3.property 4.take a stand 5.drifted 6.trageday 7.prompt 8.impact 9.took to 10.get through to 11.run into 12.fussing