新世纪大学英语二全文翻译（精选五篇）

第一篇：新世纪大学英语二全文翻译

新世纪大学英语综合教程2UNIT1、2、4翻译

我原谅你

并非只有婚姻关系才需要宽恕。我们与子女、朋友、同事、邻居。甚至陌生人相处时同样需要宽恕。事实上，没有宽恕的氧气。任何人际关系都无从维系。宽恕并不是脾气好的人们才拥有的特质，它是所有关系的必要条件，也是自己身心健康不可缺少的。、有些人可能认为自己受伤太深、次数太多，无法宽恕、可耐人寻味的是，恰恰是被伤得最深的人，才真正需要宽恕别人。原因很简单：仇恨就像癌症。会毁掉宿主。如果不尽快铲除。它就会生根发芽，是那些执意仇恨无法释怀的人受伤甚至死亡。

因为事实是。除非我们能宽恕他人，否则就永远无法恢复。伤口会继续溃烂，永不愈合。中国有句古谚，“复仇者必自绝”

对有些人来说。宽恕他人似乎是不可能的，因为他们根本不知从何做起，首先你要接受一个非常重要的事实：他人并不是件容易的事。事实上，对于我们大多数人来说。这也许是最难做到的。

被伤害的是我们，却还要宽恕他人，这似乎毫无公平可言。然而这正是宽恕的关键所在。看见东西的三天

大家都读过一些令人激动的故事，这些故事里的主人公仅仅活在有限并且特定的时间内，有时长达一年，有时短到24小时。但我们总是有兴趣发现。那命中注定要死的是那些有选择自由的人，而不是那些活动范围被严格限定了的判了刑的犯人。

这样的故事让我们思考，在相似的情况下，我们该怎么办，作为终有一死的人。在那最终的几个小时内安排什么事件，什么经历，什么交往？在回顾往事时，我们该找到什么快乐？什么悔恨？

有时我想到。过好每一天是个非常好的习惯。似乎我们明天就会死去。这种态度鲜明地强调了生命的价值。我们应该以优雅、精力充沛、善知乐趣的方式过好每一天。而当岁月推移，在经常瞻观未来之时日，未来之年月中，这些又常常失去。当然也有人愿按伊壁鸠鲁的信条“吃、喝和欢乐”去生活，但绝大多数人还是被即将面临死亡的必然性所折磨。

但是我们大多数人把生活认为是理所当然的。我们知道，某一天我们一定会死，但通常我们把那天想象在遥远的将来。当我们心宽体健时，死亡几乎是不可想象的，我们很少想到它、时日在无穷的展望中延展着。于是我们干着琐碎的事情，几乎意识不到我们对生活的倦怠态度。

恐怕，同倦的懒散也成为利用我们所有的感觉和本能的特点，只有聋子才珍惜听力，唯有瞎子才体会到能看见事物的种种幸福、这种结论特别适合于那些在成年阶段失去视力和听力的人们。而那些从没有遭受视觉或听觉损伤之苦的人却很少充分利用这些天赐的官能。他们模模糊糊的眼观八方，耳听各音，毫无重点，不会鉴赏，还是那相同的老话，对我们的健康意识不到，直至生病时。

我常常想。如果每个人在他成年的早期有一段致瞎致聋，那会是一种幸事，黑暗会使他更珍惜视力，寂静会教导他享受声音。

我不时的询问过我的能看见东西的朋友们，以了解他们看到什么。最近，我的一个很好的朋友来看我。她刚从一片森林里散步许久回来，我问她看到了什么，她答道：“没什么特别的”。如果我不是习惯了听到这种回答。我都可能不相信，因为很久以来我已确信这种情况：能看到的人却看不到什么。我独自一人，在林子里散步一小时之久而没有看到任何值得注意的东西。那怎么可能呢？我自己、一个不能看见东西的人，仅仅通过触觉，都发现许许多多令我有兴趣的东西。我感触到一片树叶完美的对称性。我用手喜爱的抚摸过一株白桦那光潮的树皮，或一棵松树的粗糙树皮。春天，我摸着树干的枝条满怀希望地搜索着嫩芽，那是严冬的沉睡后，大自然苏醒的

第一个迹象。我抚摸过花朵那令人愉快的天鹅绒般的质地，感觉到他那奇妙的卷绕，一些大自然奇迹向我展现了。有时，如果我很幸运，我把手轻轻地放在一棵小树上，还能感受到一只高声歌唱的小鸟的愉快呢颤抖、我十分快乐的让小溪涧的凉水穿过我张开的手指流淌过去、对我来说，一片茂密的地毯式的松针叶或松软而富弹性的草地比最豪华的波斯地毯更受欢迎、对我来说四季的壮观而华丽的展示是一部令人激动的、无穷尽的戏剧。这部戏剧的表演，通过我的手指尖端涌淌出来。

有时，由于渴望能看见这一切东西。我的内心在哭泣。如果说仅凭我的触觉我就能感受到这么多的愉快。那么凭视觉该有多少美丽的东西显露出来。然而，那些能看见的人明显的看得很少，充满世间的色彩和动作的景象被当成理所当然、或许。这是人性共有的特点。对我们具有的不怎么欣赏。而对我们不具有的却渴望得到，然而，这是一个极大地遗憾，在光明的世界里，视力的天赋仅仅作为一种方便之用，而没有作为增添生活美满的手段。啊，如果我要有哪怕3天的视力。多少事我该看啊！

选择乐观

作者：里奇·德沃斯

①假如你预料某事结局不妙，结果可能真会如此。悲观的想法很少落空。不过这个法则反过来也成立。假如你觉得会有好事发生，通常就会交上好运！乐观与成功之间似乎有一种天然的因果关系。

②乐观和悲观都具有强大的力量，我们每个人必须选择其一，来塑造自己的前途和理想。每个人的生命中都有足够的幸运与不幸——丰富的哀伤和喜悦、充足的欢欣与痛苦——令我们找到或乐观或悲观的理由。我们可以选择哭或是笑、祝福或是诅咒。这完全取决于我们自己：用什么样的眼光去看待生活？是积极向上，还是垂头丧气？

③我信守积极向上的态度。对积极的东西我浓墨重彩，对消极的东西则一笔带过。我是乐天派，既是天生如此，也因后天选择所致。诚然，我知道生命中会有伤痛。我已经七十多岁了，经历过不止一次的危机。但是，当一切尘埃落定，我发现生命中的美好远比丑恶多。

④乐观的态度不是奢侈品，它是我们生活的必需品。你看待生活的方式将决定你的感受、你的表现，以及你与他人相处得怎样。反过来，悲观的想法、态度和期待也会自成因 果：它们是能自我实现的预言。

悲观会制造出无人愿往的黑暗之地。

⑤多年前，我驱车去一个加油站加油。那天天气很好，我的心情也不错。当我走进加油站付油钱时，服务员问我： “你感觉怎样？”这问题有点古怪，不过，我感觉很好，于是便照实回答了他。“你脸色不好，”他回答。这话让我大吃一惊。我告诉他我的感觉从未像现在这么好，但已不像开始那么底气十足了，而他则毫无顾忌地继续大讲我的气色如何 差，还说我肤色发黄。

⑥在离开加油站的时候，我觉得有点心神不宁。驶出一个街区之后，我把车停在路旁，对着镜子看着自己的脸。我感觉如何？我的脸色那么差吗？一切都正常吗？等我回到家里，我已经开始觉得有点想吐。我的肝脏出了毛病吗？是不是染上了什么怪病？

⑦再次光顾那个加油站时，我还是感觉很好，我弄明白了个中蹊跷。这个地方不久前把墙漆上了一种抢眼但又难看的黄色，墙面反射的光线使里面的每一个人看起来都像得了肝炎。不知道有多少人有过与我类似的反应。和一个根本不认识的人的一次短短对话竟然改变了我整整一天的心情。他说我面带病容，没过多久，我就真的觉得不舒服。那一句消极的话就大大影响了我的感觉和行为。

⑧唯一比否定态度更有力量的是积极的肯定，充满乐观与希望的话语。最让我心存感激的一件事情，就是我生长的这个国度有着伟大的乐观主义传统。如果一种文化从整体上采取积极向上的态度，不可思议的事情也能变成现实。人们若把世界看作光明与希望之地，他们将被赋予努力进取和成就功业的力量。

⑨乐观不意味着幼稚。在保持乐观的同时，你仍然能意识到问题的存在，意识到有些问题非常棘手。乐观带来的改变在于面对问题的态度。比方说，这些年我总是听到有人抱怨用于太空计划的钱是被白白浪费了。他们会说：“与其花4亿5千5百万美元把一个人送上月球，为什么不把这些钱用来解决地球上的贫穷问题呢？”但当你追问他们打算如何用这些钱来消除贫困时，大多数人又会无言以对。我对他们说： “告诉我一个解决办法，我会为你们筹到钱。”以积极的方式思考如何解决问题，而不是对花在别的项目上的金钱妄加挑剔。实际上，美国的太空计划带来了许多有价值的发现，全人类都从中受益。

⑩乐观精神使我们的注意力从消极的否定态度转向积极 的、建设性的思考。乐观主义者更关心如何解决问题，而不是毫无意义地怨天尤人。事实上，如果没有乐观精神，像贫穷这样严重而且现正存在的问题是无望解决的。解决这样的问题需要一个梦想家——一个拥有九死不悔的乐观、矢志不移的坚韧和无限信心的人。何去何从，由你决定。

2-2

Three Days to See

All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.Sometimes it was as long as a year;sometimes as short as twenty-four hours.But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed man chose to spend his last days or his last hours.I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.Such stories set us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances.What events, what experiences, what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings? What happiness should we find in reviewing the past, what regrets?

Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life.We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come.There are those, of course, who would adopt the Epicurean motto of “Eat, drink, and be merry,” but most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death

Most of us, however, take life for granted.We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future.When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it.The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses.Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight.Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life.But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make

the fullest use of these blessed faculties.Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration and with little appreciation.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight;silence would tech him the joys of sound.Now and them I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see.Recently I was visited by a very good friends who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed..“Nothing in particular, ” she replied.I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such reposes, for long ago I became convinced

that the seeing see little.How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me

through mere touch.I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf.I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough, shaggy bark of a pine.In the spring I touch the

branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter's sleep.I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions;and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me.Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy

quiver of a bird in full song.I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush thought my open finger.To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug.To me the page ant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.the panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mere conveniences rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.Oh, the things that I should see if I had the power of sight for three days.看见东西的三天

海伦•凯勒

------------------

我们大家都读过一些令人激动的故事，这些故事里的主人公仅仅活在有限并且特定的时间内，有时长达一年，有时短到２４小时。但我们总是有兴趣发现，那命中注定要死的是那些有选择自由的人，而不是那些活动范围被严格限定了的判了刑的犯人。

这样的故事让我们思考，在相似的情况下，我们该怎么办，作为终有一死的人，在那最

终的几个小时内安排什么事件，什么经历，什么交往？在回顾往事时，我们该找到什么快乐？什么悔恨？

有时我想到，过好每一天是个非常好的习惯，似乎我们明天就会死去。这种态度鲜明地强调了生命的价值。我们应该以优雅、精力充沛、善知乐趣的方式过好每一天。而当岁月推移，在经常瞻观未来之时日、未来之年月中，这些又常常失去。当然，也有人愿按伊壁鸠鲁的信条“吃、喝和欢乐”去生活。（译注：伊壁鸠鲁是古希腊哲学家，他认为生活的主题目的是享乐，而最高的享受唯通过合理的生活，如自我控制才能得到。因为生活享受的目的被过分强调，而达此目的之手段被忽视，所以伊壁鸠鲁的信徒现今变为追求享乐的人。他们的信条是：“让我们吃喝，因为明天我们就死亡”），但绝大多数人还是被即将面临死亡的必然性所折磨。

但是，我们大多数人把生活认为是理所当然的。我们知道，某一天我们一定会死，但通常我们把那天想象在遥远的将来。当我们心宽体健时，死亡几乎是不可想象的，我们很少想到它。时日在无穷的展望中延展着，于是我们干着琐碎的事情，几乎意识不到我们对生活的倦怠态度。

恐怕，同倦的懒散也成为利用我们所有的本能和感觉的特点。只有聋子才珍惜听力，唯有瞎子才体会到能看见事物的种种幸福，这种结论特别适合于那些在成年阶段失去视力和听力的人们，而那些从没有遭受视觉或听觉损伤之苦的人却很少充分利用这些天赐的官能。他们模模糊糊地眼观八方，耳听各音，毫无重点，不会鉴赏，还是那相同的老话，对我们所有的官能不知珍惜，直至失去它，对我们的健康意识不到，直至生病时。

我常常想，如果每个人在他成年的早期有一段时间致瞎致聋，那会是一种幸事，黑暗会使他更珍惜视力，寂静会教导他享受声音。

我不时地询问过我的能看见东西的朋友们，以了解他们看到什么。最近，我的一个很好的朋友来看我，她刚从一片森林里散步许久回来，我问她看到了什么，她答道：“没什么特别的。”如果我不是习惯了听到这种回答，我都可能不相信，因为很久以来我已确信这个情况：能看得见的人却看不到什么。

我独自一人，在林子里散步一小时之久而没有看到任何值得注意的东西，那怎么可能呢？我自己，一个不能看见东西的人，仅仅通过触觉，都发现许许多多令我有兴趣的东西。我感触到一片树叶的完美的对称性。我用手喜爱地抚摸过一株白桦那光潮的树皮，或一棵松

树的粗糙树皮。春天，我摸着树干的枝条满怀希望地搜索着嫩芽，那是严冬的沉睡后，大自然苏醒的第一个迹象。我抚摸过花朵那令人愉快的天鹅绒般的质地，感觉到它那奇妙的卷绕，一些大自然奇迹向我展现了。有时，如果我很幸运，我把手轻轻地放在一棵小树上，还能感受到一只高声歌唱的小鸟的愉快颤抖，我十分快乐地让小溪涧的凉水穿过我张开的手指流淌过去。对我来说，一片茂密的地毯式的松针叶或松软而富弹性的草地比最豪华的波斯地毯更受欢迎。对我来说四季的壮观而华丽的展示是一部令人激动的、无穷尽的戏剧。这部戏剧的表演，通过我的手指尖端涌淌出来。

有时，由于渴望能看到这一切东西，我的内心在哭泣。如果说仅凭我的触觉我就能感受到这么多的愉快，那么凭视觉该有多少美丽的东西显露出来。然而，那些能看见的人明显地看得很少，充满世间的色彩和动作的景象被当成理所当然，或许，这是人性共有的特点；对我们具有的不怎么欣赏，而对我们不具有的却渴望得到。然而，这是一个极大的遗憾，在光明的世界里，视力的天赋仅仅作为一种方便之用，而没有作为增添生活美满的手段。

啊，如果我要有哪怕３天的视力，多少事我该看啊！

2-5 Why Character Counts Stephen R.Covey

close1 Some time ago I was asked to consult for a bank that was having a problem with employee morale.“I don't know what's wrong,” complained their young president sadly.Bright and attractively capable, he'd risen through the ranks only to see his institution faltering.Productivity and profits were down.He blamed his employees.“No matter what incentives I provide,” he said, “they won't shake off this gloom and doom.”

品德为什么重要

斯蒂芬·R·科维

前一段时间，我应邀去一家银行做咨询，因为那里员工士气不振。“我不知道问题出在哪里，”年轻的总裁伤心地抱怨道。他聪明而且特别能干，一步一步爬到现在的位置，却发现银行步履维艰，效率和收益都很

低。他觉得问题出在员工身上。他说：“不论我采用什么样的激励措施，他们总是死气沉沉，提不起精神。”close

2RT He was right.The atmosphere seemed poisoned with suspicion

and lack of trust.For two months I ran workshops, but nothing helped.I was stumped.他说得不假，空气中似乎充满了怀疑和不信任的毒气。我花了两个月的时间举办各种研讨会，但全都无济于事。我无计可施了。close 3RT Finally, in more casual conversations, the truth emerged.The boss, who was married, was having an affair with an employee.And everyone knew it.最后，在闲谈中真相浮现了。老板已经结婚，却与一名员工有染，这件事公司上下尽人皆知。close 4RT It was obvious now that the company's poor performance was caused by his conduct.But the greatest damage this man was doing was to himself.He was thinking only of his own pleasure and satisfaction disregarding long-term consequences.Moreover, he had violated a sacred trust with his wife.如此看来，公司业绩欠佳，显然是他的行为所造成的。但这个人所造成的最大损害，是对他自己。他只顾自己一时的享乐和满足，不管长远的后果，而且，他也亵渎了与妻子之间神圣的信任。close 5RT In a word, his failing was one of character.简而言之，他错在品行不端。close 6RT What Really Matters

Character is made up of those principles and values that give your life direction, meaning and depth.These constitute your inner sense of what's right and wrong based not on laws or rules of conduct but on who you are.品德是由原则和价值观组成，能够为你的生活指引方向，赋予你的生活以意义和深度。这些构成了你内心判断正误的标准，不是基于法律或行为准则，而是基于你个人。close 7RT They include such traits as integrity, honesty, courage, fairness

and generosity which arise from the hard choices we have to make in life.So, wrong is simply in doing wrong, not in getting caught.它们包括了正直、诚实、勇气、公平、慷慨等特点，来自于我们在生活中必须做出的艰难抉择。所以做错了就是做错了，而不在于有没有被人发现。close 8RT Yet some people wonder if our inner values matter anymore.After all, hasn't our noted bank executive succeeded in every visible way, despite his moral failing?

然而，有些人会怀疑，我们的内在价值还重要吗？毕竟，我们这位有名的银行主管尽管品行不端，还不是照样在各方面很成功？close 9RT This question demonstrates a dilemma of our modern life.Many have come to believe that the only things we need for success are talent, energy and personality.But history has taught us that who we are is more important than who we appear to be.这个问题反映了现代生活的一个困境。很多人已经开始相信：要成功，只要有天分、精力和个性就够了。然而，回顾历史，我们会发现，内在品质比外在特征更加重要。close 10RT During the nation's first century and a half, almost everything in the literature of success and self-help focused on what could be called the character ethic.Such eminent figures as Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson made clear their belief that we can only experience true success and happiness by making character the guideline of our lives.在我国历史最初的150多年中，几乎所有关于成功与自励的文献都聚焦在可称为品德标准方面。本杰明·富兰克林和托马斯·杰斐逊等杰出人物很清楚地表明了他们的看法：只有让品德成为我们的指南，才能体验真正的成功与幸福。close 11RT After we moved into the industrial age and after World War I, the basic view of success shifted to what we could call the personality ethic.Success became more a function of charm, skills and techniques that lubricate the process of human interaction.Rather than struggle with difficult issues of right and wrong, we turned to making things run smoothly.close12RT Some of that philosophy expressed itself with harmless but superficial mottoes, such as “smiling wins more friends than frowning”.Other ideas were even deceptive, faking interest in others' hobbies so they will like you, for instance.这种哲学可以从一些无害然而浅薄的说法中看出端倪，比如，“微笑能比皱眉赢得更多朋友。”其他的想法甚至带有欺骗性质，例如假装对别人的爱好感兴趣好让他们喜欢你。close 13RT With a value system based solely on skill and personality, we find heroes in athletes, musicians and in powerful business executives.But despite the admiration we feel for these achievers, we shouldn't necessarily look upon them as role models.While skill is certainly needed for success, it can never guarantee happiness and fulfillment.These come from developing character.在这种完全基于技能与个性的价值体系指导下，我们视运动员、音乐家或有权有势的商界主管为偶像。不过，尽管我们钦羡这些成功人士，我们倒也未必要奉他们为楷模。技巧固然是成功所必需的，但技能从来无法保证一个人的幸福和满足感。这二者有赖于品德的塑造。close

14RT Start at Home

You can begin to build character at any age.The key is learning how to look within to work inside out.品德的塑造是可以从任何年龄段开始的，关键是要学会如何内省，然后由内而外，推己及人。close 15RT With the inside-out approach, private victories precede public victories.These private victories are simply promises you make to yourself and others and then keep.由内而外，个人生活中的成就便能引发公共生活的成就，而个人生活的成就无非是坚守你对自己和他人的承诺而已。close 16RT Day by day, as you make and keep increasingly challenging

promises, you will be making deposits in your “character account”.What begins as great effort will eventually become a habit.And as you get into the habit of building character in the smaller areas of your life, your ability to develop character strength in more important spheres will grow.日复一日，你许下并恪守越来越有挑战性的诺言，你也同时在往你的“道德账户”上存“钱”。一开始需要很努力去做的事情，最终将成为习惯。逐步养成了在生活中一些较次要的方面塑造品德的习惯之后，你在更重要的领域培养品德力量的能力也会随之增强。close 17RT Private victories therefore lead to your larger public victories.For instance, to gain more freedom to think and act in your job, you must first be a more responsible employee.To create a happy marriage, first be the kind of person who generates love, generosity, dependability and trust.个人生活的成功因此能造就更大的公众生活的成功。比如说，要在工作中获得更高的职位，你首先得是一个责任心更强的员工。要缔造幸福的婚姻，自己首先就要做一个有爱心、慷慨、可靠而又诚实的人。close 18RT There's no more essential ingredient for character growth than trust.Whether it is trust we earn from colleagues or a spouse, it is built slowly over time in an infinite variety of circumstances.在品德成熟的过程中，没有哪一种因素会比信任更加关键的了。不管是同事的信任还是配偶的信任，都是在无穷变化的环境中日积月累而沉淀下来的。close 19RT Another way to build character is to admit your mistakes.Character is revealed in how we handle things that go wrong.另一个塑造品德的方法就是承认自己的错误。处理错误的方式也能体现我们的品德。close 20RT The best opportunities to build character, however, are within our families, where we are constantly tested and most vulnerable to lapses.True character begins at home.然而，塑造品德的最佳机会是在家庭内部，在家里我们时时经受考验，也最容易犯错。真正的品德始于家庭。close 21RT Often we sense that we can get away with things around those who know us best, who will love us regardless of our conduct.This can end up destroying our character and our relationships.How often have we heard of someone who is an excellent employee but treats his or her spouse like a piece of furniture? 我们常常会觉得，跟最了解我们、不管我们做了什么都会依然爱我们的人在一起，总是能免受惩罚。结果呢，我们的品德受损，关系也遭到了破坏。我们会不会经常听说这样的人，比如一个很出色的员工，却把自己的配偶当作一件家具那样对待？close 22RT All our relationships follow the patterns of life;they have ups and downs.This is why our families provide a critical measure of our character and the opportunity, again and again, to nurture it.我们所有的关系都遵循着生活的规律；都是有起有落的。这就是为什么我们的家庭能为我们的品德提供一个重要的量度，而且不断提供机会滋养它。close 23RT What became of the bank president who was involved sexually with an employee? When I confided to him what I knew of his affair and the effect it was having on his staff, he ran his fingers through his hair.“I don't know where to begin,” he said.那个与员工有染的银行总裁后来怎么样了呢？我向他透露，我已经知道他的外遇，以及这件事对员工的影响，他用手指挠着头发。“我不知道从何说起，”他说。close 24RT “Is it over?” “结束了吗？”close

25RT He looked me directly in the eye.“Yes.Absolutely.” 他直视着我的眼睛。“结束了。绝对结束了。”close

26RT “Then begin by talking with your wife,” I answered.“那就先跟你妻子谈谈，”我说。close 27RT He told his wife, who forgave him.Then he called a meeting of his staff and addressed their morale problem.“I have found the cause of the problem,” he said.“It is me.I am asking you to give me another chance.” 他跟妻子说了，妻子原谅了他。接着，他召开了员工会议，讨论士气问题。他说：“我已经找到问题的根源了，问题就出在我自己身上。我现在请求大家再给我一个机会。”close

28RT It took time, but eventually the employees' morale, a sense of openness, optimism and trust improved.In the end, however, the

executive was doing himself the greatest favor.He was finding his own path to character.慢慢地，员工的士气、开诚布公的气氛、乐观的情绪还有相互的信任最终都有了改观。不过，说到底，这位主管自己是最大的受益者。他找到了修炼自己品德的道路。close

2-6 The Creative Personality Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi close1RT I have devoted 30 years of research to how creative people live and work.If I had to express in one word what makes their personalities different from others, it's complexity.They contain contradictory extremes;instead of being an “individual”, each of them is a “multitude”.创意性格

米哈伊•奇克森特米海伊

我花了30年的时间研究富有创意的人是如何生活和工作的。如果要用一个词来概括他们的性格与常人的差别所在，那就是“复杂”。他们身上有着极其矛盾的特征，他们不是 “个体”，每个有创意的人都是“复合体”。close 2RT Here are some traits that are often found in creative people.These traits are integrated with each other in a dialectical

manner.下面就是富有创意的人身上常会具备的一些特征。这些特征有机组合、辩证统一。

close 3RT 1.Creative people have a great deal of physical energy, but they are also often quiet and at rest.They can work long hours with great concentration while

remaining fresh and enthusiastic all the time.This does not mean that creative people are always active.In fact, they rest often and sleep a lot.The important thing is that they know how to control their energy, which is not ruled by the calendar, the clock or an external schedule.When necessary, they can focus it like a laser beam;when not, creative types immediately recharge their batteries.This is not a biorhythm inherited with their genes;it was learned by trial and error as a strategy for achieving their goals.1.富有创意的人精力充沛，但也经常安静地休息。他们可以注意力高度集中地工作很长时间，而始终神采奕奕、兴致勃勃。这并不是说富有创意的人超级亢奋。事实上，他们经常休息，睡得也很多。重要的是，他们知道如何掌控自己的精力，而人 的精力并不是由日历、时钟或外在的日程安排来控制的。有必要时，他们就能像激光一样专注；没必要时，富有创意的人就会立刻开始充电。这不是得自遗传基因的生物节奏；而是为达到目标而通过反复尝试掌握的一种策略。close 4RT 2.Creative people tend to be smart yet naive at the same time.Another way of expressing this dialectic is the contrasting poles of wisdom and childishness.As Howard Gardner reveals in his study of the major creative geniuses of the 20th century, a certain immaturity, both emotional and mental, can go hand in hand with deepest

insights.2.富有创意的人往往精明而又天真。换句话说，这个矛盾体就是智慧和幼稚这两个极端。霍华德•加德纳对二十世纪的重

要创意天才进行了研究，结果表明，最深邃的洞察力可能与某种程度的不成熟（包括情感和思维方面的）共生共存。close 5RT Earlier studies on superior mental abilities show that children with very high IQs do well in life, but after a certain point, IQ does not seem to be correlated any longer with superior performance in real life.Later studies suggest that it might be difficult to do creative work with a lower IQ, but an IQ beyond 120 does not necessarily imply

higher creativity.以前对于卓越的思维能力的研究也表明，高智商儿童生活很成功，但过了一定的数值，智商似乎不再与卓越的现实生活表现成正比。后来的研究也说明，智商太低的人要做富有创意的工作可能比较困难，但

拥有120以上的智商未必就更有创造力。

close 6RT Furthermore, creative people seem able to use well two opposite ways of thinking: the convergent and the divergent.Convergent thinking is measured by IQ tests, and it involves solving well-defined, rational problems that have one correct answer.Divergent thinking leads to no agreed-upon solution.It involves the ability to generate a great quantity of ideas;flexibility, or the ability to switch from one perspective to another;and originality in picking unusual associations of ideas.Yet divergent thinking is not much use without the ability to tell a good idea from a bad one, and for

this, we must rely on convergent

thinking.此外，富有创意的人似乎能很好地使用两种互为对立的思维方式：趋同和求异。趋同思维由智商测试来衡量，涉及的是解决定义清楚、有唯一正确答案的理性问题。求异思维能产生另类的解决之道，它涉及的是产生大量想法的能力；灵活性，或者说是从一个角度转换到另一个角度的能力；以及能独辟蹊径地产生非凡联想的能力。但求异思维本身是没有多大用处的，除非有能力判断一个想法是好是坏，要做到这一点，我们必须依赖于趋同思维。

close 7RT 3.Creative people alternate between imagination and a deeply-rooted sense of reality.Great art and great science involve a leap of imagination into a world that is different from the present.In fact, the whole point

of art and science is to go beyond what we now consider real and create a new reality.3.富有创意的人既有丰富的想象力，也有根深蒂固的现实感。伟大的艺术和伟大的科学都是借助想象，跃进与现实迥异的世界中去。事实上，艺术与科学的核心所在，便是超越我们目前所认识的现实而创造出一个新的现实。close 8RT 4.Creative people tend to be both extroverted and introverted.We're usually one or the other, either preferring to be in the thick of crowds or sitting on the sidelines and observing the passing show.In fact, in current psychological research, extroversion and introversion are considered to be the most stable personality traits that distinguish people from each other.Creative

individuals seem to exhibit both traits at the same time.4.富有创意的人往往既外向又内向。我们一般都二者居其一，要么偏爱呆在人群之中，要么独坐一旁，冷眼看戏。事实上，在目前的心理研究中，外向和内向被视为能区分彼此的最稳定的性格特点，但富有创意的个体似乎同时显示这两种特点。

close 9RT 5.Creative people are humble and proud at the same time.These individuals stand “on the shoulders of giants”.Their respect for the area in which they work makes them aware of the long line of previous contributions to it.And they're usually so focused on future projects and current challenges that past accomplishments, no

matter how outstanding, are no longer very interesting to them.5.他们既谦虚又傲气。这些个体站在“巨人的肩膀上”。他们尊重自己工作的领域，因而能意识到前人的大量贡献。他们通常如此专注于未来的工程和当前的挑战，过往的成就，不论多么出色，都无法再引起他们太多的兴趣。close 10RT 6.Creative people are both rebellious and conservative.Being only traditional leaves an area unchanged;constantly taking chances without regard to tradition rarely leads to novelty.But the willingness to take risks is absolutely necessary.The economist George Stigler is very emphatic in this regard, “I'd say one of the most common failures of able people is a lack of nerve.They just play safe games.In

innovation, you have to play a less safe game, if it's going to be interesting.It's not predictable

that it'll go well.” 6.富有创意的人既叛逆又保守。一味传统，会令一个领域殊无变化，而时时冒险、罔顾传统亦鲜有创新，但冒险精神是绝对必要的。经济学家乔治•施蒂格勒特别强调这个方面：“我会说，有能力的人之所以失败，大多都是由于缺少冒险精神，凡事四平八稳。要创新，你就不能太求稳，结果才可能有意思。结果是否会顺利是无

法预测的。”close 11RT 7.Most creative people are very passionate about their work, yet they can be extremely objective about it as well.Without the passion, we soon lose interest in a difficult task.Yet without being objective about it, our work

is not very good and lacks

credibility.7.绝大多数富有创意的人对工作激情如火，同时也极为冷静客观。没有激情，我们很快就会对困难任务失去兴趣。但如果不够客观，我们的工作就难以出色，缺乏

可信度。close 12RT 8.Creative people's openness and sensitivity often exposes them to suffering and pain, yet also to a great deal of enjoyment.Inventors have a low threshold of pain.Things bother them.A badly designed machine causes pain to an inventive engineer, just as the creative writer is hurt when reading bad

prose.8.富有创意的人胸无城府而敏感，这往往令他们痛苦，但同时也令他们体会到很多乐趣。发明家们对痛苦的容忍度很低，身边的事物会让他们看不顺眼。设计拙劣的机器会令富有创意的工程师痛苦，而富有创意的作者看到蹩脚的文字同样也会

感觉受伤。close 13RT Being alone at the forefront of a discipline also leaves you exposed and vulnerable.Eminence invites criticism and often vicious attacks.When an artist has invested years in making a sculpture, or a scientist in developing a theory, it is devastating if nobody cares.居于学科前沿，也会令你暴露于众人视线中，易受攻击。卓越会招致批评，甚至往往是恶毒攻击。艺术家倾注多年心血终于完成一件雕塑作品，科学家皓首穷年提出一种理论，到头来若是无人问津，这种打击无疑是灾难性的。close 14RT Perhaps the most difficult thing for creative individuals to

bear is the sense of loss and emptiness they experience when, for some reason, they cannot work.This is especially painful when a person feels his or her creativity drying out.对于富有创意的个体而言，最难以忍受的事情莫过于由于某种原因而无法工作的那种失落感和空虚感。如果一个人自觉创意枯竭，或许就更加痛苦不堪了。close 15RT Yet when a person is working in the area of his or her expertise, worries and cares fall away, replaced by a sense of happiness.Perhaps the most important quality, the one that is most consistently present in all creative individuals, is the ability to enjoy the process of creation for its own sake.Without this trait, poets would give up striving for

perfection and would write commercial jingles;economists would work for banks where they would earn at least twice as much as they do at universities;and physicists would stop doing basic research and join industrial laboratories where the conditions are better and the expectations

more predictable.而当一个人在自己擅长的领域里工作时，他的一切担心和忧虑都会消失，取而代之的是一种愉悦感。也许最重要的品质，在一切富有创意的人身上最常见的一种品质，就是能够享受创造过程本身。没有这种品质，诗人将不再追求完美而写些商业性的喧嚣之作；经济学家将会去银行任职，收入至少会是大学里的两倍；物理学家也会停止基础研究而加入工业实验室，那里条件优越而且结果也容易预测。

close

7-What Does Teamwork Really

Mean?

Sharon Saw

close1RT In many job interviews, a common question is whether the interviewee is a “team player”.More often than not(unless the interviewee is particularly stupid, or maybe particularly honest but doesn't want the job), he or she will say “yes”.But what does being a team player really mean?

团队精神的真正含义

沙伦·索

面试中常会问到的一个问题就是，接受面试者是否具有团队精神。通常情况下，回答是肯定的，除非接受面试者特别愚蠢，或者特别诚实而且不想要这份工作。但团队精神的真正含义是什么呢？close 2RT On the most basic level, a team player is someone who can work within a group of people.This group is a number of people greater than one.Even if there are only two people in the group, they can be called

a “team”.Therefore it is an essential requirement of any employment that any potential employee is a team player.在最基本的层面上，有团队精神的人就是能够与群体合作的人。只要有两个或两个以上的个体在一起就可以称为 “团队”。因此，未来的员工是否具备团队精神，对任何工作而言都是一个至关重要的必备条件。close 3RT On a deeper level, a team player is someone who can play a role in the team, to achieve and support the goals set and agreed upon by the team.The simplest analogy to the corporate team would be a sports team.There are two main aims of the football team.One is to score goals and the other is to prevent the opposition team from scoring.In football, there are eleven players per side, and almost the same number of players in reserve.There are also other vital members of the team in the background, such as the coach, the doctor, etc.从较深层次而言，具备团队精神的人能够在团队中扮演特定的角色，能支持和达成团队协定的目标。打个最简单的比方，一个企业团队就好比一个运动队。足球队有两个主要目标，一是进球，一是阻止对手进球。足球运动中，每一方有十一名队员，还有差不多相同数量的替补队员。场外还有其他不可或缺的成员，如教练和队医等。close 4RT Every member of the team has a very specific role — as a captain, goalkeeper, striker, midfielder or defender.Every member of the team is vital to the success of the team.If there is one player missing, the team is handicapped.If one player does not perform to the best of his or her ability, the team is handicapped.球队的每一个成员都扮演着特定的角色，如队长、守门员、前锋和中场防守球员。每一个队员对整个球队的成功都有至关重要的意义。任何一名队员缺阵，全队表现都会受到影响。任何一名队员不全力以赴，全队也会受到拖累。close 5RT The captain is there to give direction to the team, in strategy, motivation and inspiration.But he or she also has to play as part of the team.Egos do not play any part in teamwork.If one's ego gets in the way, such as if one player wants to score a goal and be a hero, he or she may take rash actions instead of maybe letting another person score or helping to create the opportunity to score.队长的作用是给全队提供方向，包括战略、动力和灵感方面的，但他/她同时也应该是整队的一分子。自我主义在团队合作中没有立足之地。如果一个人的自我意识干扰了他她的思维，比如某个队员想要进球、出风头，他她可能会鲁莽行动，而不是助攻或让队友射门。close 6RT Similarly in the corporate world, each company has its clearly defined goals.Usually these are not as easily specified as in a football match.And it is the job of every employee to ensure that these goals are met.Every member of the corporate team should have specific roles and responsibilities in view of achieving these goals.企业界的情况也类似，每一个公司都应该有清晰界定的目标，不过这些目标通常不会像足球比赛中那么清楚具体。每个员工都有责任去确保实现这些目标，公司团队的每个成员应该相应地有具体的目标和责任范围。close 7RT There can only be one captain of the company, and he or she should be responsible for giving leadership and guidance to the team members.The leader should also continuously communicate the overall business strategy, as well as providing motivation and inspiration to the team.The leader has to have the loyalty of the team.If the team is not loyal or has no respect for the leader, the members of the team will not listen to the captain and the objectives of the company would not be achieved.公司里只能有一个“队长”，其责任就是领导和指挥团队成员，不断地与团队就整体策略进行沟通，并为成员提供动力与灵感。领导应该能令整个团队忠实于他。如果团队不忠心或不尊重领导，团队成员就不会听从“队长”指挥，公司的目标也就无从实现。close 8RT In every action of the team, the objectives of the company, and / or, business strategy, MUST be first and foremost.The success of the team relies completely on every member of the team carrying out their roles and responsibilities in line with the direction of the leader.There has to be a “oneness” of the corporate culture.There is no room in the company for anyone who does not share the same corporate goals or objectives.在团队的每个行动中，务必将公司的目标或商业策略放在首要位置。团队能否成功，完全取决于团队每个成员是否能完成自己的角色任务和责任，能否与领导的指挥保持一致。企业文化中必须有“一致性”，公司中绝不允许某个人的目标或目的与公司的共同目标不一致。close 9RT Being a team player does not mean that you do not have any ideas of your own.It does not mean you should always agree with the rest of the team.It does not mean that you should merely follow the herd.There are times when your vision may differ from the vision of the company, the leader or the rest of the team.It may be a valid vision and if you believe in it strongly enough, you should share it with the rest of the team.Your idea may complement the corporate objectives and goals.Or it may not.If the leader is a competent one, he or she will assess it on its merits and not let ego get in the way.However, should the team not agree with your vision, don't take it personally.具有团队精神并不意味着你不可以有自己的想法，也不意味着你应该总是附和其他队员或者只是随大流。有时，你的想法也许与公司、领导或是团队的其他成员的看法不一致。也许是一个值得一试的想法，如果你很有信心，就应该与团队其他成员分享。你的想法也许可以补充公司的目的与目标，也许不可以。如果领导称职的话，他/她就会客观评价这个想法，而不会令自我意识在那里作祟。不过，要是团队不赞同你的想法，也不要觉得是人身攻击。close

10RT They may find the idea inappropriate, not YOU personally.Don't take it as a sign of personal rejection.A good leader should be able to communicate this to a team member, but if he or she doesn't, and it turns out as appearing to be a rebuff, don't lose heart.If the team found YOU inappropriate, you would be the first to know.If your leader or team members see that you can handle rejection of your ideas in a mature manner, it is only to your own credit.他们也许觉得这个想法不合适，而不是觉得你这个人不行，所以你不要觉得这是针对个人的。一个优秀的领导应该能够将这种情况与队员沟通，但就算他/她没有这么做，让你感觉受到了冷落，也不要灰心。如果团队觉得你不行，那你自己肯定会最先察觉。要是领导或团队成员看到你能成熟地应对自己的想法被拒绝，那只能对你有好处。close 11RT Don't be afraid to offer new ideas even seemingly crazy ones.Everyone in the team should feel free to offer ideas and not worry about them being dismissed.Usually when ideas are not taken up, people may take it as a personal rejection.Don't.Just accept it, and move on.There is work to be done.不要害怕提出新的想法，哪怕是表面看来有些疯狂的也不要紧。团队的每一个成员都应该无拘无束地提出想法而不担心是否会被拒绝。通常情况下如果想法没有被采纳，人们会认为是针对个人的。不要这么想。接受事实，然后继续前进。工作总是要做的。close 12RT The pleasure of working in an environment where every member of the team is a team player is unparalleled.If you are not enjoying your working environment, chances are high that your team is also not working well.Ask yourself this: 在每个成员都有团队协作精神的环境里工作，那种愉悦是无与伦比的。如果你不喜欢现在的工作环境，多半是因为你的团队运作不好，问问你自己：close 13RT Are you a team player?

你有团队合作精神吗？close 14RT Are your own objectives in line with those of the team?

你与团队的目标一致吗？close 15RT Are your team objectives in line with those of the company? If not, why not? 你的团队与公司的目标一致吗？如果不一致，原因在哪里？close

2-8 Did You Have a Tough Childhood? Jill Ammon-Wexler close1RT Many claim unhappy and terrible childhood experiences “damage” people in their adult years.But is this necessarily true? Actually, just the opposite seems to be true.Intense difficulties, hardships and major obstacles are actually often major contributors to success.It's true that difficult childhoods do leave some people wounded and disadvantaged.But for others, a tough childhood actually drives them to remarkable achievement and success!你经历了不幸的童年吗？

吉尔•安蒙-韦克斯勒

很多人声称，童年时代的严重创伤，会对成年生活造成灾难性影响。果真如此吗？其实，事实刚好相反！重大的困难、艰辛和障碍，往往能造就成功。的确，不幸的童年会使一些人伤痕累累，处于不利的位置。但对另外一些人而言，不幸的童年反而会促使他们取得异乎寻常的成就！close 2RT In a classic book entitled Cradles of Eminence, researchers reviewed the childhood family life of 700 of the world's most successful people.Their goal was to identify the early experiences that contributed to the remarkable achievements of these successful people.All of their “research subjects” are widely known for their personal accomplishments.Their names are easily recognizable: Franklin D.Roosevelt, Helen Keller, Winston Churchill, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, etc.在经典作品《伟人的摇篮》一书中，研究者们考查了全球最为突出的700名成功人士的童年生活。他们的目标是要找出哪些早期经历有助于这些成功人士取得非凡成就。他们所有的“研究对象”都是因个人成就而蜚声全球的。这些名字都广为人知：富兰克林•D•罗斯福，海伦•凯勒，温斯顿•丘吉尔，阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦，西格蒙德•弗洛伊德，等等。close 3RT What they discovered is truly fascinating!Three-quarters of these successful people(525 of the 700)came from deeply troubled childhoods.They had endured extreme poverty, broken homes, and even parental abuse.Over one-fourth(199 of the 700)had to deal with very serious physical handicaps such as deafness, blindness or crippled limbs.And over 80% of those who became successful writers and playwrights had watched their own parents struggle with intense psychological dramas.研究结果真的非常有意思！700名成功人士中，有四分之三（525名）有过极其不幸的童年。他们经历过极端的贫困，破碎的家庭，甚至父母的虐待。超过四分之一的人（700人当中有199名）有严重的生理残障如失聪、失明或肢体残障。成功的作家及剧作家中，有80％曾目睹了自己的父母经历失和的一些戏剧性场面。close 4RT Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, a former US “First Lady” provides an excellent example.Anna lost her parents at the age of 10, and had a very unpleasant childhood.As a young girl she was painfully aware of being very homely.And her childhood writings reveal she never had a sense of “belonging” anywhere, or to anyone.But as she matured, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt

refused to remain “disadvantaged”.She hauled herself up by her own bootstraps and began to strive for a higher, more powerful consciousness.安娜•埃莉诺•罗斯福，前美国“第一夫人”，就是一个极好的例子。安娜10岁时失去了双亲，童年痛苦不堪。少女时，她就痛苦地意识到自己长相平庸。她童年的习作表明，她从来没有“归属感”，觉得自己不属于任何地方或任何人。但随着她慢慢成熟，安娜•埃莉诺•罗斯福拒绝一直“处于劣势”。她依靠自己的努力，着手提高自身的觉悟。close 5RT After marrying Franklin D.Roosevelt, she ended up courageously nursing her husband through crippling polio.Then when he was elected to the US Presidency in the depth of the Great Depression, Mrs.Roosevelt quickly transformed the position of First Lady.As First Lady, she became an outspoken supporter for the disadvantaged people of all races, religions and countries.At the same time, she helped her husband manage the White House and raised six children.嫁给富兰克林•罗斯福后，她需要照料小儿麻痹性后遗症的丈夫，她一直坚强地面对。后来，他临危受命，在经济大萧条最严重时当选美国总统，罗斯福夫人迅速完成了“第一夫人”的角色转换。作为第一夫人，她公开发言支持所有被践踏的种族、宗教和国家，同时还打理着白宫，并抚育六个子女。close 6RT After her husband's death, she spent the remainder of her life as a highly respected American spokesperson to the United Nations.At her death, this shy, disadvantaged, homely and withdrawn young woman had become one of the most loved and respected women of her entire generation.丈夫去世后，她就一直作为美国在联合国的发言人，极其受人尊重，直到生命结束。她辞世时，这位年轻时一度腼腆羞涩、身处困境、长相平平、性格内向的女性，已成为她那一代人中最受爱戴的女性之一。close 7RT Why did this happen? Eleanor Roosevelt made a personal choice to lift herself beyond her perceived “limitations”.She displayed a tough, unyielding courage, tempered by remarkable self-control and self-discipline.事情为什么会变成这样呢？埃莉诺•罗斯福做出了自己的选择，要用自己的力量超越想象中的“局限”。她非凡的自控和自律造就了坚强不屈的勇气。close 8RT Obstacles and hardships do NOT have to lead to failure.Scientific evidence has proven that “well-being” is NOT always an advantage for either plants or animals.Where there is no challenge, obstacle or hardship, growth and development is often limited.Biologists refer to this as the “adversity principle”.障碍和困难未必一定会导致失败！科学证据表明，“安逸”并不一定总是优势，动植物都是如此。没有挑战、障碍或困难，成长和发展常常会受到限制。生物学家称之为“逆境原则”。close 9RT Consider Lou Gehrig: Lou was such a clumsy kid that the boys in his neighborhood wouldn't let him play on their baseball team.But he tapped into his resources of inner courage and determination.Lou Gehrig is today listed in the baseball “Hall of Fame” as one of the greatest ball players of all time.试看卢•格里克：卢小时候笨手笨脚，附近的男孩都不让他参加自己的棒球队，但他转而找到内在的勇气和决心。如今，卢•格里克名列棒球“名人堂”，被视为有史以来最伟大的球类运动员之一。close 10RT Then there was Woodrow Wilson, who couldn't read until he was ten years old.Wilson went on in his life to become the twenty-eighth President of the United States.Thomas Edison was deaf.Booker T.Washington was born in slavery, and a “club foot” crippled Lord Byron.The famous writer Robert Louis Stevenson had tuberculosis.Alexander Pope had a hunchback.Yet each of these individuals became famous historic figures in spite of their handicaps.还有伍德罗•威尔逊，十岁才开始识字。威尔逊后来成了美国第二十八任总统。托马斯•爱迪生是聋子。布克•T•华盛顿生而为奴，拜伦爵士天生足部畸形。著名作家罗伯特•路易斯•史蒂文森身患结核病。亚历山大•蒲柏是驼背。但尽管残疾在身，这些人每一个都青史留名。close 11RT Helen Keller, who could not hear or see, transformed an entire nation when she graduated with honors from college.She is still a source of inspiration for millions.Then there's Ludwig van Beethoven.Beethoven began to lose his hearing in his 20s, and was completely deaf by 50.Yet he created some of the world's most beautiful music.Beethoven was once overheard shouting at the top of his voice, “I will take life by the throat!” 海伦•凯勒，既聋又盲，以优异成绩从大学毕业时，举国轰动。数以百万计人至今仍视她为灵感的源泉。还有路德维希•凡•贝多芬。贝多芬二十多岁时听力就开始下降，50岁时完全失聪，但他创造了世界上最美妙的音乐。有人曾听见贝多芬高喊，“我要扼住命运的咽喉！”close 12RT Your attitude toward any perceived personal “handicap” determines its impact on your life.This IS your life!Why not make it all it can be? To become all we can be, we MUST stop making excuses.Use any personal adversity or perceived limitations to do what Beethoven did: Grab life by the throat!And this is a good day to take action to claim more of your true potential.Get past your “old stuff”, my friend, and fire yourself up!If not now, when? 不管你有任何“残障”，它对你生活的影响将取决于你的态度。这就是你的生活！为什么不尽自己所能呢？要发掘我们的全部潜力，我们就不能再编造借口。面对任何逆境或想象中的局限，以贝多芬为榜样：攫住命运的咽喉！今天就是一个好日子，开始行动，实现更多真正的潜能。忘记“旧事”，我的朋友，让自己振奋起来！此时不动，更待何时？close

第二篇：新世纪大学英语课文翻译--1-

新世纪大学英语课文翻译

第一册

Unit 1 A Language Teacher’s Personal Opinion

Will Pidcroft 一名语言教师的个人看法

Every day I see advertisements in the newspaper and on the buses claiming that it is easy to learn English.According to these advertisements, with very little effort on the student’s part, he will be able to speak the language fluently in three months or even ten days.There is often a reference to Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage him even more.When I see advertisements like this, I don’t know whether to laugh or cry.If it were as easy to learn English as they say, I would have to look for another job, because very few qualified teachers would be needed.But a large number of people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear.我每天都会在报纸上、公共汽车上看到各种广告，声称轻轻松松就能学好英语。这些广告号称，学生不必费什么力气，要说一口流利的英语只需短短3个月，甚至10天就行。广告还常常提到威廉·莎士比亚和查尔斯·狄更斯等英语文学大师的名号来增强吸引力。每当看到诸如此类的广告时，我真是哭笑不得：如果学英语真像这些广告所说的那么轻松，我恐怕得另谋出路了，因为不需要那么多合格的英语教师了。但是肯定有许多人相信这些可笑的噱头，不然的话这些广告也不可能出现。

It is natural for students to be attracted to methods that will teach them as quickly and efficiently and cheaply as possible.But it is difficult for anyone to explain in simple language why one method is better than another, and it is no use pretending that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation.Some experts even argue that there are many good methods of teaching a language as there are good teachers, because every teacher is an individual with his own personality.No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students.学生们喜欢实惠的速成学习方法也在情理之中，但要用浅显易懂的语言去解释为什么某一方法比另一方法更有效并不是一件简单的事，而且也无需装模作样地声称有什么人已经找到了一个万能的适合所有学习环境的教学方法。一些专家甚至认为，有多少个好老师就有多少种好的教学方法，因为每一个老师都有其自身的特点。这种说法无疑是有几分道理的，但对学生来说不是很有帮助。

For a long time people believed that the only way to learn a language was to spend a great deal of time in a country where it was spoken.Of course it is clear that students who go to England to learn English have a great advantage over others, but a larger number of students cannot afford to do so.Some students go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries.But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language and vice versa, and it is impossible for any translation method to provide students with the natural forms of a language in speech, let alone produce good pronunciation and intonation.有很长一段时间，人们认为要学好一门语言，只有去使用那种语言的国家待上一段时间。当然去英国、美国、或者澳大利亚等国家学英语的学生肯定比那些不能去的学生具有很大优势，但是很多学生支付不起那笔费用。有些学生走向另一极端：他们认为可以借助词典在家自学。如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词（或反之亦然），那就错了。通过翻译法来给学生讲解口语的自然形式是不可能的，更不要说做到语音、语调地道了。

A great deal of teaching is still based on behaviourist psychology.Behaviourists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making them do exercises where they continually have to change one word in a sentence.If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful.A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we aren’t, because it would make it easier to use their methods.现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。假如我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，那这些方法或许能奏效，可惜我们不是，这似乎让很多理论家引以为憾，否则他们提出的那些方法用起来就会容易得多了。

In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it.Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives.It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication.What people want to say and write in another language is probably very similar to what they want to say and write in their own.What they listen to and read cannot be a formula.It must be real.我个人认为，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。与鹦鹉或黑猩猩不同，人类不会无缘无故地发出噪音，除非他们明白这些声音是什么意思，并且能将其与自己的生活联系起来。值得牢记的是：语言是一种交际手段，人们在母语中怎么说怎么写，用另一种语言表达时也大同小异。因此，人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西，听的读的材料必须真实自然。

There is another relevant point worth mentioning here.We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate.If what we are learning is strange to us, it will be helpful if there are other students around us who can work with us and practise the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life in real language.还有一个相关的问题值得一提：在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。在学习较生疏的内容时，如果有其他学生和我们在实战中一起学习和练习那些陌生的语言形式，用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。

Unit 2 The Doctor's Son Harold EppleywithRochelle Melander My parents moved toVermontwhen I was still aninfant.Asoft-spokenman, my fathersettled quietly intohis medical practice in a small town calledEnosburg.Soon thelocalpeople accepted him as one of their own.Word passes quickly in smallVermonttowns.They know good people when they meet them.Around town the neighbors greeted my father as “Doc Eppley.” And I soon learned that as long as I lived in Enosburg I would always be known as “Doctor Eppley's son”.On the first day of school, my classmates crowded around me because I was the doctor's son.“If you're anything like your father, you'll be a smart boy,” my first-grade teacher said.I couldn't stop Beaming.Somewherein themidstofmy teenage years, however, something changed.I was sixteen years old and the neighbors still called me “Doctor Eppley's son.” They said that I was growing up to be an honorableandindustriousyoung man, living an honest life just like my father.I groaned whenever I heard their compliments.I wondered how I would everfit in withmy teenage friends.I hated being followed by my father's good name.And so when strangers asked me if I was Doctor Eppley's son, I replied emphatically, “My name is Harold.And I can manage quite wellon my own.” As an act of rebellion, I began to call my father by his first name,Sam.“Why are you acting sostubbornlately?” my father asked me one day in the midst of anargument.“Well, Sam,” I replied, “I suppose that bothers you.”

“You know it hurts me when you call me Sam,” my father shouted.“Well, it hurts me when everybody expects me to be just like you.I don't want to be perfect.I want to be myself.”

I survivedmy last years of high school until finally I turned eighteen.The next fall Ienrolledin college.I chose toattenda school far from Enosburg, a place where nobody called me “Doctor Eppley's son.” One night at college I sat with a group of students in thedormitoryas we shared stories about our lives.We began to talk about the things we hated most about ourchildhoods.“That's easy,” I said.“I couldn't stand growing up in a town where everybody alwayscompared me with my father.”

The girl sitting next to mefrowned.“I don't understand,” she said.“I'd be proud to have a father who's so well respected.” Her eyes filled with tears as she continued,“I'd give anything tobe called my father's child.But I don't know where he is.He left my mother when I was only four.”

There was anawkwardsilence, and then I changed the subject.I wasn't ready to hear her words.I returned home for winter break that year, feeling proud of myself.In four months at college, I had made a number of new friends.I had become popularin my own right, without my father's help.For two weeks I enjoyed being back in Enosburg.The maintopicof interest at home was my father's new car.“Let me take it out for a drive,” I said.My father agreed, but not without his usual warning,“Be careful.”

I glaredat him.“Sam, I'm sick ofbeing treated like a child.I'm in college now.Don't you think I know how to drive?”

I could see the hurt in my father's face, and I remembered how much he hated it whenever I called him “Sam.” “All right then,” he replied.Ihoppedinto the car and headed down the road,savoringthe beauty of the Vermont countryside.My mind waswandering.At a busyintersection, I hit the car right in front of mine before I knew it.The woman in the car jumped out screaming: “Youidiot!Why didn't you look where you were going?”

I surveyedthe damage.Both cars hadsustainedseriousdents.I sat there like aguiltychild as the woman continuedcomplaining.“It's your fault,” she shouted.I couldn'tprotest.My knees began to shake.Ichokedbackmy tears.“Do you haveinsurance? Can you pay for this? Who are you?” she kept asking.“Who are you?”

I panickedand, without thinking, shouted, “I'm Doctor Eppley's son.”

I sat t here stunned.I couldn't believe what I had just said.Almost immediately, the woman's frown became a smile ofrecognition.“I'm sorry,” she replied, “I didn't realize who you were.” An hour later, I drove my father'sbatterednew car back home.With my head down and my knees still shaking, Itrudgedinto the house.I explained what had happened.“Are you hurt?” he asked.“No,” I replied.“Good,” he answered.Then he turned and headed toward the door.“Harold,” he said as he was leaving, “Hold your head up.”

That night wasNew Year'sEve, and my family attended a small party with friends to celebrate the beginning of another year.When midnight arrived, people cheered and greeted each other.Across the room I saw my father.I stepped toward him.My father and Irarelyhug.But recalling the day's events, I wrappedmy arms around his shoulders.And I spoke his real name for the first time in years.I said, “Thank you, Dad.Happy New Year.”

医生的儿子

我还是个婴儿的时候，我的父母亲搬到了佛蒙特州。我那温文尔雅的父亲在一个名叫伊诺斯堡的小镇上毫不张扬地开业行医了。很快，当地人就把他当成了自己人。在佛蒙特州的小镇上，消息传播得很快。人们分得清谁是好人。邻居们都称我的父亲为埃普利医生。我很快意识到，只要我住在伊诺斯堡镇，我就永远只是“埃普利医生的儿子”。

入学的第一天，同学们就簇拥着我，因为我是医生的儿子。“要是你多少有点像你父亲的话，你就会是个聪明的孩子。”我的一年级老师这么说。我忍不住眉开眼笑。

•可是在我十几岁的时候，事情起了变化。•我都十六岁了，邻居们还是称呼我“埃普利医生的儿子”。他们说我长大了一定会是一个可敬又勤劳的年轻人，会像我父亲那样过着体面的生活。每当我听到这些赞美，我都很不以为然地哼哼几声。

我不知道自己怎样才能融入我那些少年朋友的圈子。我讨厌父亲的好名声像影子一样跟着我。所以当陌生人问起我是不是埃普利医生的儿子时，我会带着强调的口气说：“我叫哈罗德。我自己能管好自己的事。”出于反叛，我开始对父亲直呼其名，不叫他“爸爸”，而叫他“萨姆”。

“你最近为什么这么犟？”有次争吵时，我父亲这样问我。

“哼，萨姆。我想你难过了吧！”

“你知道的，你叫我萨姆让我很伤心。”我父亲大声地说。

“哦，那人人都指望我像你一样，也很让我伤心呢。我不要完美，我只想做我自己。”

我好不容易挨完高中，总算满了十八岁。第二年秋天我上了大学。我选中了一所远离伊诺斯堡的学校，一个没人管我叫“埃普利医生的儿子”的地方。

在大学里，有天晚上我和一帮学生在宿舍聊起我们的生活。我们开始谈起我们童年最讨厌的事情。“想都不用想，”我说，“我受不了在一个每个人都拿我跟我父亲比的地方生活。”

坐在我身边的女孩皱起眉头说：“这我就不理解了。要是有这么个令人尊敬的父亲我一定会很骄傲的。”她的眼里噙着泪继续说，“要是有人把我叫做我父亲的孩子，那我会不惜一切地珍重这荣誉！但我不知道他在哪里。他抛弃了我的母亲,那时我才四岁。”

大家陷入了尴尬的沉默，然后我转开了话题。她的话我当时还听不进去。

那年寒假我回了家，心中充满了自豪感。在大学的四个月中，我交了好些朋友。我没有靠父亲，而是靠自己的本事赢得了众人的欢心。

回到伊诺斯堡的两个星期里，我一直都很高兴。父亲的新车成了家里人感兴趣的话题。

“让我开出去转转。”我说。

父亲同意了，但跟往常一样提醒我，“小心点。”

我瞪了他一眼，“萨姆，我讨厌你老把我当成个孩子。我都上大学了。你以为我不会开车啊？”

从父亲的脸上看得出我伤了他的心，也想起每次直呼“萨姆”时他是多么不高兴。

“那去吧。”他说。

我跳进车里，•沿路开去，•享受着佛蒙特乡间的美丽风景。我有点心神不定。在一个繁忙的十字路口，不知怎么地就跟我前面的车撞了个正着。

车里的妇人跳出来尖叫，“你这个白痴！你开车难道不看路吗？”

我看了一眼，两辆车都被撞蹩了。

我像个犯了错的孩子一样，坐在那儿听着那妇人不停地抱怨。“全怪你！”她尖叫道。我无法反驳，双腿发抖，泪水在眼眶里转。她不停地问，“你是谁？”

我害怕起来，•想也没想就叫道，•“我是埃普利医生的儿子。”

我坐在那里惊呆了。我简直不相信我自己会这么说。几乎同时，•妇人皱起的眉头变成了似曾相识的笑容。“对不起。•”她答道，“我刚才不知道你是谁。”

一小时后，我开着被撞破了的车回了家。我低着头，迈着发颤的双腿，•拖着步子走进家门。•我解释了所发生的一切。

“受伤了吗？”他问。

“没有。”我回答。

“那就好。”他答道，然后转身向门口走去。“哈罗德，抬起头来。”他边走边说。

那晚是除夕之夜，我们全家与朋友参加了一个小型晚会庆祝新年。午夜来临，每个人都欢呼并互相祝福。我看到父亲在房间的另一头，我向他走去。父亲与我很少拥抱，但我想起了白天的事，我用双臂搂着他的肩膀，很多年来第一次用他“真实的”名字来称呼他。我说，“谢谢你，爸爸。新年快乐！”

第三篇：新世纪大学英语读写第一册课文翻译

When we are writing we are often told to keep our readers in mind, to shape what we say to fit their tastes and interests.But there is one reader in particular who should not be forgotten.Can you guess who? Russell Baker surprised himself and everyone else when he discovered the answer.我们写作时常常被告诫，脑子里要有读者，笔者所云一定要符合读者的口味和兴趣。但有一位读者特别不该忘记。你能猜出是谁吗？当拉塞尔·贝克找到这个问题的答案时，他自己和别人都感到大为惊讶。

Writing for Myself Russell Baker 1 The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn't until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.Until then I've been bored by everything associated with English courses.I found English grammar dull and difficult.I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.为自己而写 拉塞尔·贝克

从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这一想法才有了实现的可能。在这之前，我对所有跟英文课沾边的事都感到腻味。我觉得英文语法枯燥难懂。我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作，老师读着受累，我写着痛苦。When our class was assigned to Mr.Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects.Mr.Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire.He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date.To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim.He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed.He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts.He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.弗利格尔先生接我们的高三英文课时，我就准备着在这门最最单调乏味的课上再熬上沉闷的一年。弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。据说他拘谨刻板，完全落后于时代。我看他有六七十岁了，古板之极。他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜，微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐，梳得纹丝不乱。他身穿古板的套装，领带端端正正地顶着白衬衣的领扣。他长着古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，说起话来一本正经，字斟句酌，彬彬有礼，活脱脱一个滑稽的老古董。I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr.Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed.Late in the year we tackled the informal essay.Mr.Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics.None was quite so simple-minded as “What I Did on My Summer Vacation,” but most seemed to be almost as dull.I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due.Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it.The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti”.我作好准备，打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上一年，不少日子过去了，还真不出所料。后半学期我们学写随笔小品文。弗利格尔先生发下一张家庭作业纸，出了不少题目供我们选择。像“暑假二三事”那样傻乎乎的题目倒是一个也没有，但绝大多数一样乏味。我把作文题带回家，一直没写，直到要交作业的前一天晚上。我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗一看。我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images.Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper tableand Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper.Spaghetti was still a little known foreign dish in those days.Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it.All the good humor of Uncle Allen's house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。贝尔维尔之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来，当时，我们大家一起围坐在晚餐桌旁——艾伦舅舅、我母亲、查理舅舅、多丽丝、哈尔舅舅——帕特舅妈晚饭做的是意大利细面条。那时意大利细面条还是很少听说的异国食品。多丽丝和我都还从来没吃过，在座的大人也是经验不足，没有一个吃起来得心应手的。艾伦舅舅家诙谐有趣的场景全都重现在我的脑海中，我回想起来，当晚我们笑作一团，争论着该如何地把面条从盘子上送到嘴里才算合乎礼仪。Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr.Fleagle.It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself.I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening.To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I'd learned in school, and Mr.Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade.Never mind.I would write something else for Mr.Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.突然我就想描述那一切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但我把它写下来仅仅是想自得其乐，而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一个时刻。我想重温那个夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那样去写，就会违反我在学校里学的正式作文的种种法则，弗利格尔先生也肯定会打它一个不及格。没关系。等我为自己写好了之后，我可以再为弗利格尔先生写点什么别的东西。When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr.Fleagle.There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper.Two days passed before Mr.Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone's but mine.I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr.Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class's attention.等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写一篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。第二天上午，我别无选择，只好把我为自己而写的贝尔维尔晚餐的故事交了上去。两天后弗利格尔先生发还批改过的作文，他把别人的都发了，就是没有我的。我正准备着遵命一放学就去弗利格尔先生那儿挨训，却看见他从桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子让大家注意听。7 “Now, boys,” he said.“I want to read you an essay.This is titled, 'The Art of Eating Spaghetti.'” “好了，孩子们，”他说。“我要给你们念一篇小品文。文章的题目是：吃意大利细面条的艺术。And he started to read.My words!He was reading my words out loud to the entire class.What's more, the entire class was listening.Listening attentively.Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted enjoyment.Even Mr.Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile.于是他开始念了。是我写的！他给全班大声念我写的文章。更不可思议的是，全班同学都在听着他念，而且听得很专心。有人笑出声来，接着全班都笑了，不是轻蔑嘲弄，而是乐乎乎地开怀大笑。就连弗利格尔先生也停顿了两三次，好抑制他那一丝拘谨的微笑。I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh.In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling.It was the happiest moment of my entire school career.When Mr.Fleaglefinished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, ”Now that, boys, is an essay, don't you see.It'sit's of the very essence of the essay, don't you see.Congratulations, Mr.Baker.“ 我尽力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑，我真是心花怒放。就在十一年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一个今生想做的事。这是我整个求学生涯中最幸福的一刻。弗利格尔先生念完后说道：”瞧，孩子们，这就是小品文，懂了没有。这才是——知道吗——这才是小品文的精髓，知道了没有。祝贺你，贝克先生。“他这番话使我沉浸在十全十美的幸福之中。

How do you feel when old friends are far away? Do you make an effort to keep in touch? Sometimes it is easy to put off writing a letter, thinking that there will be plenty of time tomorrow.But then sometimes, as this story shows, we leave it too late.Perhaps reading it will make you want to reach for your pen.老朋友天各一方，你心有何感？你是否努力保持联系？有时候写信的事很容易会一拖再拖，总以为明天有的是时间。然而，正如这则故事所表明的，有时我们拖得太晚了。也许读一读这个故事会让你提起笔来。

All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter Foster Furcolo 1 He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention.出租车司机拥有的就剩一封信

福斯特·弗克洛

他准是完全沉浸在所读的东西里了，因为我不得不敲挡风玻璃来引起他的注意。”Is your cab available?“ I asked when he finally looked up at me.He nodded, then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat, ”I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter.“ He sounded as if he had a cold or something.他总算抬头看我了。“你出车吗？”我问道。他点点头，当我坐进后座时，他抱歉地说：“对不起，我在读一封信。”听上去他像是得了感冒什么的。3 ”I'm in no hurry,“ I told him.”Go ahead and finish your letter.“ “我不着急，”我对他说，“你接着把信读完吧。” He shook his head.”I've read it several times already.I guess I almost know it by heart.“ 他摇了摇头。“我已经读了好几遍了。我想我都能背出来了。” ”Letters from home always mean a lot,“ I said.”At least they do with me because I'm on the road so much.“ Then, estimating that he was 60 or 70 years old, I guessed: ”From a child or maybe a grandchild?“ “家书抵万金啊，”我说。“至少对我来说是这样，因为我老是在外旅行。”我估量他有六七十岁了，便猜测说：“是孩子还是孙子写来的？” ”This isn't family,“ he replied.”Although,“ he went on, ”come to think of it, it might just as well have been family.Old Ed was my oldest friend.In fact, we used to call each other 'Old Friend'--when we'd meet, that is.I'm not much of a hand at writing.“ “不是家里人，”他回答说。“不过，”他接着说，“想起来，也可以算是一家人了。埃德老伙计是我最老的朋友了。实际上，过去我俩总是以‘老朋友’相称的——就是说，当我俩相见时。我这人就是不大会写东西。” ”I don't think any of us keep up our correspondence too well,“ I said.”I know I don't.But I take it he's someone you've known quite a while?“ “我看大家写信都不那么勤快，”我说，“我自己笔头就很懒。我看，你认识他挺久了吧？” 8 ”All my life, practically.We were kids together, so we go way back.“ “差不多认识了一辈子了。我俩小时候就一起玩，所以我俩的友谊确实很长了。” 9 ”Went to school together?“ “一起上的学？” ”All the way through high school.We were in the same class, in fact, through both grade and high school.“ “都一起上到高中呢。事实上，我俩从小学到高中都在一个班里。” 11 ”There are not too many people who've had such a long friendship,“ I said.“保持这么长久友谊的人可真不多见啊，”我说。”Actually,“ the driver went on, ”I hadn't seen him more than once or twice a year over the past 25 or 30 years because I moved away from the old neighborhood and you kind of lose touch even though you never forget.He was a great guy.“ “其实呢，”司机接着说，“近25到30年来，我跟他一年只见一两次面，因为我从原来住的街区搬了出来，联系自然就少了，虽说你一直放在心上。他在的时候可真是个大好人。” 13 ”You said 'was'.Does that mean-?“ “你刚才说他‘在的时候’。你是说——？” 14 He nodded.”Died a couple of weeks ago.“ 他点了点头。“前几个星期过世啦。” ”I'm sorry,“ I said.”It's no fun to lose any friend--and losing a real old one is even tougher.“ “真遗憾，”我说，“失去朋友真不是个滋味，失去个真正的老朋友更让人受不了。” He didn't reply to that, and we rode on in silence for a few minutes.But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to himself than to me: ”I should have kept in touch.Yes,“ he repeated, ”I should have kept in touch.“ 他开着车，没有接话儿。我们沉默了几分钟。可我知道他还在想着老埃德。他又开口时，与其说是跟我说话，还不如说是自言自语：“我真该一直保持联系。真的，”他重复道，“我真该一直保持联系。” ”well,“ I agreed, ”We should all keep in touch with old friends more than we do.But things come up and we just don't seem to find the time.“ “是啊，”我表示赞同，“我们都该与老朋友保持更多的联系。不过总是有事情冒出来，好像就是抽不出空来。” He shrugged.”We used to find the time,“ he said.”That's even mentioned in the letter.“ He handed it over to me.”Take a look.“and mail it.我进了旅馆房间之后，没有马上打开箱包。首先我得写封信——而且要寄出去。

Professor Hawking thinks it important to keep everybody in touch with what science is about.In this article he explains why.霍金教授认为使每个人都了解科学是干什么的非常重要。在这篇文章中，他对其中的缘由作了解释。

Public Attitudes Toward Science Stephen Hawking 1 Whether we like it or not, the world we live in has changed a great deal in the last hundred years, and it is likely to change even more in the next hundred.Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age.But as history shows, the past was not that wonderful.It was not so bad for a privileged minority, though even they had to do without modern medicine, and childbirth was highly risky for women.But for the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short.公众科学观

斯蒂芬·霍金

无论我们是否愿意，我们生活的世界在过去一百年间已经变化了许多，而且在未来的一百年里可能变化更多。有人想中止这种种变化，回到那个他们认为更纯洁更朴素的时代。但正如历史所表明的，过去并非那么美妙。过去对享有特权的少数人不算太糟，但即便他们也无从享受现代医疗，而生育对妇女来说风险极大。对占人口大多数的民众而言，生活是艰难、残忍而又短暂的。Anyway, even if one wanted to, one couldn't put the clock back to an earlier age.Knowledge and techniques can't just be forgotten.Nor can one prevent further advances in the future.Even if all government money for research were cut off(and the present government is doing its best), the force of competition would still bring about advances in technology.Moreover, one cannot stop inquiring minds from thinking about basic science, whether or not they are paid for it.The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new,and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn't succeed.All it would do is slow down the rate of change.不管怎样，即使有人想这么做，他也无法将时钟拨回到早先的时代。知识与技术不可能说忘就忘了。也没有人能阻止未来的进一步发展。即使所有用于研究的政府资金都被取消（现政府最擅此事），竞争的力量仍将继续带来技术的发展。更何况，没有人能阻止探究求索之士去思索基础科学，无论他们是否会为此得到酬劳。惟一能阻止进一步发展的办法或许是一个压制任何新事物的全球政府，但人类的进取心与创造力如此旺盛，即便这个政府也不会成功。它所能做到的只是延缓变化的速度。If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right directions.In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science, so that it can make informed decisions and not leave them in the hands of experts.At the moment, the public is in two minds about science.It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn't understand it.This distrust is evident in the cartoon figure of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein.It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties.But the public also has a great interest in science, particularly astronomy, as is shown by the large audiences for television series such as The Sky at Night and for science fiction.如果我们承认，我们无法阻止科学技术改变我们的世界，我们至少可以努力确保科技带来的变化方向正确。在一个民主社会里，这意味着公众需要对科学有一个基本的了解，从而可以作出明达的决定，而不是把决定留给专家去作。目前，公众对科学存有矛盾之心。公众期望科技新发展带来的生活水准的稳定提高能继续，但又怀疑科学，因为他们不懂科学。那个在实验室里设法制造弗兰肯斯泰因的疯狂的科学家的卡通人物清楚地体现了公众的这种怀疑。这也是人们之所以支持各种绿色组织的一个重要因素。但公众同时也对科学深感兴趣，尤其是对天文学，诸如《夜空》之类的电视系列节目观众不少以及科幻小说读者甚多就是明证。What can be done to harness this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools.But in schools science is often presented in a dry and uninteresting manner.Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don't see its relevance to the world around them.Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations.Although equations are a brief and accurate way of describing mathematical ideas, they frighten most people.When I wrote a popular book recently, I was advised that each equation I included would halve the sales.I included one equation, Einstein's famous equation, E=mc2.Maybe I would have sold twice as many copies without it.怎么样才能利用这种兴趣，向公众提供所需要的科学知识，以便其在酸雨、温室效应、核武器以及基因工程等问题上作出明达的决定呢？显然，必须把基础建立在学校课程上。但在学校里，科学往往被教得枯燥乏味。孩子们死记硬背应付考试，他们看不出科学与他们的周围世界的联系。更有甚者，科学常常是用公式来教的。虽然公式是阐述数学概念的一种简单而精确的方式，它们却使大多数人望而生畏。前不久我写了一本通俗读物，当时有人告诫我说，我每使用一个公式就会使销量减半。我只使用了一个公式，即爱因斯坦那个著名的公式，E=mc2。如果不用这个公式的话，也许我能多卖出一倍的书。Scientists and engineers tend to express their ideas in the form of equations because they need to know the precise values of quantities.But for the rest of us, a qualitative grasp of scientific concepts is sufficient, and this can be conveyed by words and diagrams, without the use of equations.科学家和工程师倾向于用公式阐述观点，因为他们需要知道量的精确值。但对我们其余的人来说，对科学概念有个质的认识就已足够，这可以用文字和图表来表述，大可不必使用公式。6 The science people learn in school can provide the basic framework.But the rate of scientific progress is now so rapid that there are always new developments that have occurred since one was at school or university.I never learned about molecular biology or transistors at school, but genetic engineering and computers are two of the developments most likely to change the way we live in the future.Popular books and magazine articles about science can help to put across new developments, but even the most successful popular book is read by only a small proportion of the population.Only television can reach a truly mass audience.There are some very good science programmes on TV, but others present scientific wonders simply as magic, without explaining them or showing how they fit into the framework of scientific ideas.Producers of television science programmes should realize that they have a responsibility to educate the public, not just entertain it.人们在学校学到的科学知识可以提供一个基本的框架。但如今科学进步的速度如此之快，一个人离开学校或大学后新的发展层出不穷。我在学校从未学过分子生物学或晶体管，但基因工程和计算机是极有可能改变我们未来生活的两项发展。有关科学的通俗读物和杂志文章能帮助人们了解新发展，但即使是最畅销的科普读物也只有一小部分人阅读。只有电视能赢得真正广大的观众。电视上有一些相当优秀的科学节目，但其他的节目把科学奇迹简单地作为魔术播出，既不加以说明，也不展现它们与科学观念的整体框架的关系。电视科学节目的制片人应该认识到，他们负有教育民众的重任，而不仅仅是为他们提供娱乐。The world today is filled with dangers, hence the sick joke that the reason we have not been contacted by an alien civilization is that civilizations tend to destroy themselves when they reach our stage.But I have sufficient faith in the good sense of the public to believe that we might prove this wrong.当今世界充满危险，因此就有了那个令人毛骨悚然的玩笑，说我们尚未受到外星文明造访的原因在于：但凡文明发展到我们目前的程度，它们往往就自我毁灭了。然而我对公众的明智充满信心，因而相信，我们将证明这一说法是错误的。”

第四篇：新世纪大学英语阅读教程2课文翻译

新世纪大学英语阅读教程翻译

Unit 1

塞克哈尔觉得，事实就像太阳一样。大概没有谁能直视太阳而不眨眼，不觉眩晕。他发觉人际关系的精髓在于时时刻刻调和事实，避免冲突。他设定了一个特殊的日子——一年中至少有一天无论如何必须说实话。否则生命还有什么意义。他对这一天充满无数期待，也没有告诉任何人要做这个实验。这是个秘密的决定，一件永远不为人知的事。首次尝试便从妻子准备的早餐开始。他对一道美味举筷不定，这可是妻子自认为的厨中之冠。“怎么啦？不好吃吗？”她问道。要是往常，为了照顾她的情绪，他肯定说：“没有，我吃饱了而已。”可今天他却说：“不好吃。我咽不下去。”看到妻子眉头紧锁，他对自己说：“没办法，事实就像太阳一样。”

第二次尝试是在教师休息室，一个同事走过来说：“某某死了听说了吗？觉得很遗憾吧。”“不觉得，”赛克哈尔回答。“他的确是个好人„„”另一个还没说完。塞克哈尔就抢过来说：“好什么啊，对我他可是个刻薄、自私的家伙。”

塞克哈尔给三年级A班上最后一节地理课时，收到校长递来的便条：回家前请过来一趟。他自言自语道：“肯定是那些可怕的试卷。一百多份字迹潦草的男生的试卷；他已经消极怠工几个礼拜了，感觉头顶像是悬了一把利剑，随时都有刺下来的可能。”

下课铃响起，孩子们潮水般涌出教室。塞克哈尔在校长门口停了会儿，扣好上衣扣子；扣子也是校长经常训诫的目标。

他进了门，彬彬有礼地说了句：“晚上好，校长。” 校长抬起头看着他，十分友善地问道：“今晚有空吗？” 塞克哈尔回答：“答应过家里的孩子要出去„„” “那，可以改天再带他们出去。现在跟我回家。”

“噢„„好的，校长，当然没问题„„”然后怯生生地问：“有什么要紧事吗，校长？” “是的，”校长回答，像是在对自己笑„„“你真的不知道我缺乏音乐天赋吗？” “噢，知道，校长„„”

“我一直在偷偷地学习和练习，今晚想让你听听我演唱。我约好了一个鼓手和一个小提琴手为我伴奏。这还是我的第一次正式演出，想听听你的建议。我知道你的建议弥足珍贵。” 塞克哈尔的音乐品味无人不知。他是小镇里最令人生畏的音乐评论人。可他怎么也没想到，他的音乐爱好将它引入这层磨难„„。“对你来说，有点突然是吧？”校长问。“我已经关上门花了不知道多少钱„„”他们开始往校长家走。“上帝没能给我一个孩子，可至少没有剥夺音乐给我的慰藉，”他们边走校长边悲戚戚地说。他喋喋不休地说着音乐的事：如何完全因打发无聊起步；如何被音乐老师取笑，又被给予希望；他人生的雄心壮志又是如何在音乐的世界里达到忘我的境界。

一到家，校长就大献殷勤。他请塞克哈尔坐在红丝毯上，敬上几样碟中美味，在旁边忙来忙去像是招待上门女婿。他甚至说：“你务必完全放松去听。别为那些试卷烦心。”然后不无幽默的加了一句：“我会给你一周的时间。” “十天怎么样，校长？”塞克哈尔请求。

“好，同意，”校长慷慨地说。塞克哈尔彻底松了口气——他可以一天干掉十份，彻底除掉这件烦心事。

校长点上熏香。“营造点气氛。”他解释说。鼓手和小提琴手已经到位，坐在缅甸仰光进口的小毯子上等他。校长在两人中间坐下来，像音乐会专业演出一般，清清喉咙，起了调子又停下来问：“可以吗，卡亚尼？（塞克哈尔的姓）”塞克哈尔假装没听到校长叫他。校长继续了，唱了一整首提亚咖拉迦（印度作曲家）谱写的歌曲，接下来又唱了两首。从校长一开唱，塞克哈尔就开始在心里默默评论他：“一会儿像是一群青蛙在呱呱叫。一会儿 又像是水牛在哞哞叫。现在则听起来像是暴风雨中摇曳的破窗户扇子。” 熏香快烧完了。塞克哈尔脑袋的剧痛也随着混杂的乐声颤抖起来，这声音至今已经侵袭他的耳鼓几个小时了。他感觉已经有点不省人事。校长的声音近乎嘶哑，他停下来问道：“还要继续吗？” 塞克哈尔感到他真是个无比可怜的家伙。可他也无能为力。他此时比任何即将宣判罪状的法官都感觉痛苦和无奈。塞克哈尔发觉校长的妻子从厨房往这边偷偷张望，一脸的好奇。鼓手和小提琴手终于卸下包袱，松了口气。校长摘下眼镜，抹了把眉毛，问道：“现在说说你的看法吧。”

“我可以明天说嘛，校长？” 塞克哈尔试探着问。“不行。我马上要听——你坦诚的看法。唱的好吗？” “不好，校长„„” 塞克哈尔回答。“噢！„„还有必要继续上音乐课吗？”

“完全没必要了，校长„„”塞克哈尔说，声音有些颤抖。他因为自己不能说的更为缓和而有些难过。事实，他想，不管说出来还是接受都需要同样的勇气。

回家的路上塞克哈尔忧心忡忡。他感觉职业生涯从今以后不可能一帆风顺了。诸多疑问，比如涨工资、考评等等都去取决于校长的意愿。各种各样的忧虑似乎在前面等着他„„哈里什昌德拉国王失去了王位、后妃和子嗣，就因为他无论面对任何情形都只坚持说真话。

回到家，妻子一脸的愠怒。他清楚妻子还在因为早上的事生气。今天发生了两大灾难，塞克哈尔想。要是这样继续一个礼拜，可能一个朋友都没了。

第二天，他在教室接到校长的电话。他站了起来，心提到了嗓子眼。

“你的建议很有用。我已经结清了音乐老师的工资。音乐的事，这些天没人愿意告诉我真话。我一把年纪的人，干么还瞎折腾呢。谢谢你。对了，试卷批得怎么样了？” “你给了我十天时间的，校长。十天批好。”

“噢，我重新考虑过了。明天必须给我送过来„„”一天批完一百份试卷！这意味着要通宵不能睡觉！“再宽限几天吧，校长„„”

“不行。明天务必给我送来。记住，每份试卷都必须一丝不苟的批改。”

“遵命，校长，”赛哈克尔回答，觉得通宵批完一百份试卷就是为这次奢侈的真心话实验而付出的小小代价。

Unit 3 1在普利茅斯湾有一个迷人的年轻女人名叫哈丽特magnis航海的小镇。她有一个痴迷。她想要一个孩子为她的丈夫。地球上所有的东西，她想要一个孩子李察。但她不能有一个。2强迫观念驱使人去做各种奇怪的事情。哈丽特magnis的痴迷使她犯了一个在历史上最奇怪的犯罪。

3李察是英国皇家海军的一名炮手。甚至尽管他在两或三年在一片海，家里只有几天时间，哈里特爱他深深地和她的悲惨的失败给了他一个孩子，她经常在。更糟糕的是，她担心她的丈夫会在他的旅行中找到一些其他的女人，一个能给他什么，她将永远离开她。4但这一天，当她给她的丈夫写信时，她说：“我亲爱的，上帝终于对我们微笑了！我终于和孩子在一起了！你回家的时候，我们的孩子将被出世，你将你的父亲总是wante4d它是。”密封在一个信封里的信，她解决它的下一个港口，她丈夫的船会触及，她把它带到邮局。5只有一件事是错误的。哈丽特没有怀孕。她对她的丈夫撒谎了一个原因。她的信将在圣诞节到达他。她想让他快乐！月过去了。从她出走的丈夫寄来的一封信。那孩子来了吗？是男孩还是女孩？ 6她现在告诉他真相，这将拯救哈丽特，但她不能那样做。这会伤害他太多。所以她说孩子已经来了，这是一个男孩。当她丈夫回家的时候她会做什么，想看看他的儿子。哈丽特显然不知道。她很担心这是一个伟大的交易，那么当她得知她丈夫的船在几天内回家时，她就很担心了。

7李察的船来了，哈丽特冲到朴茨茅斯去见他。“我的儿子在哪里？“他喊道。哈丽特思维速度快。“哦，亲爱的，”她说。“我没想到你这么快。医生觉得海边的空气对他不好，所以我把他留在他的祖父母在苏塞克斯郡。”

8她清楚地知道，李察会在港口只有几天时间，没有足够长的时间让他去苏塞克斯。所以她是安全的时间是。下次他回家时，她还有另一个借口。下一次，还有另一个。但他越来越怀疑。他没有发现他根本没有孩子。他只怀疑她藏了孩子，因为那是另一个人的，所以他就把律法放在哈丽特。下一次他回家时，他会看到他的儿子----没有任何理由会被接受。9可怜的哈丽特！她的谎言让她变成了真正的深水。她succe4eded欺骗了他三年，但现在她知道她必须产生一个三岁的男孩看起来像李察，或者把真相给他。于是哈丽特踏上了一个奇妙的计划。她会偷一个孩子。有没有可能找到只是她想在戈斯波特小镇，所以她去伦敦。在那里，一天又一天，她走过的街道寻找她有孩子。同时，查尔斯夫人去了伦敦的一个同事眼前的医生，她带着她的两个孩子：一个小女孩，玛丽，五，和一个男孩，托马斯，三。当她到医生的办公室，她让孩子们在水果店楼下。杂货店老板的妻子，玛丽考克斯，答应去看他们。

10十五分钟后，哈丽特来了，在门口停了一下。她停了下来，盯着小托马斯德洛。令人难以置信的是，孩子不仅是合适的年龄，但他却像极了李察magnis！五分钟后玛丽考克斯发现男孩失踪了。警方被通知。一个全国性的搜索开始，传单遍布全国。早在戈斯波特，哈丽特骄傲地把小托马斯去朴茨茅斯看他爸爸的船来了。李察是多么高兴！一个儿子！最后！在他离开的日子里，他生活在狂喜中，从未梦想过真相。然后他又出海了，还不知道。但他离开后，哈里特变得恐慌，尤其是当邻居们开始提问关于她的“孩子”，甚至更多，所以当通缉告示出现在当地邮局的突然出现。充满了恐惧和悔恨，现在，她带着小托马斯同事回到伦敦，离开了他在警察局前面逃走了。然后她坐下来给她的丈夫写了一封长信，告诉他真相。在适当的时候，这封信是交给李察的船，但不是给他。在他的焦虑再次见到他的儿子，李察跳船，擅离职守（擅离职守）。他的妻子的信，承认一切，被交付给船长，而不是李察。认为它可能会提供一些线索，李察的缺席，他打开它。

11哈丽特magnis被捕并接受审判在汉普郡巡回审判。但法官判定，由于在新罕布什尔州没有犯下的罪行，法院没有管辖权。所以哈丽特被释放了，再也没有尝试过。法官可能比任何人都更了解一点。他自己的妻子也无法忍受孩子。她也有一个痴迷。但她却犯了自杀，而不是偷别人的孩子。

Unit 4 我对姑祖母史提菲娜·鲁斯向来心存敬畏。事实上，我们小时候显然都很畏惧她。她不跟家里人住一起，情愿孤零零一个人住在乡间的小屋里，也不愿住在舒适但有些喧闹的家里---我们长大的地方，这一点更是增强了我们对她原本就有的敬畏之情。她从来不拥抱我们。只是打个招呼，然后用她那美丽却冰凉的手牵着我们热乎乎的小手，她手背上青筋突起，似乎要撑破那脆弱的皮肤。随着年事渐长，我惊奇地发现，居然对这位冷漠的姑祖母产生了十足的好感。直到今天，我依然不知道当时出于什么莫名的冲动，竟让带着乔治去见她，还告诉她我们订婚的事，当然之前我可任何人都没告诉过。让我感到意外的是，她十分的欣喜。

“是英国人啊，”她惊呼。“真是太棒了，太棒了。你，”她转向乔治，“你要在这里安家吗？不打算再回英国了吗？”

听到乔治已在我们农场附近也购置一个农场，准备定居在南非时，她似乎松了口气，变得欢快起来，和乔治拉闲聊起来。

她对我的爱情还是忧心忡忡，总问一些看似奇怪的问题，隐约觉得她似乎在担心会有什么破坏这桩婚姻的事情发生。让我猝不及防的是，当我向她提起乔治考虑在结婚前临时返回英国一趟时，她突然情绪失控。“绝不能让他回去，”她喊道。“伊娜，你千万不能让他回去。答应我一定要阻止他。”她浑身发抖。我使出浑身解数来安慰她，她看起来还是那么疲惫、脸色苍白。我说服她回房间休息，答应明天回来看她。

第二天再来时，看到她坐在屋前的门廊上。她显得如此孤独和悲凉，那是我第一次感到疑惑，为何没有男人愿意娶她，照顾她，爱怜她呢。母亲曾告诉过我，姑祖母年轻时出落得楚楚动人，现如今除了那双褐色的眸子还残留着曾经的风韵外，昔日的美貌早已不见了踪影。尽管如此，她还是那么娇小玲珑、惹人爱怜，凡是男人见了，都难免心生怜香惜玉之情。她欲言又止，似乎不知从何说起。接着她仿佛又在心底振作了起来。“你肯定在纳闷，”她说，“为什么我听说乔治要离开你回英国会很难过。我老了，或许老了就会胡思乱想，可我必须告诉你我的爱情故事，听完后你再来决定让未婚夫在结婚前离开究竟是不是个明智之举。”

第一次邂逅理查德·维斯顿时我还是一个少女。他是英国人，借宿在附近农场的范·伦斯堡家里，离我家有四五英里远。理查德身体虚弱，因为心肺功能不好，医生送他到南非，希望这里干燥空气能治好他。他是范·伦斯堡家孩子们的家庭教师，我比那些孩子年长一些，可经常跟他们一起玩。理查德仅仅以此为乐，并非为了赚钱。

我们虽然一见钟情，但直到我十八岁生日那晚才相互倾诉衷肠。所有的亲朋好友都来赴会，那晚我们在谷仓铺上一条宽大的旧地毯，在上面翩翩起舞。理查德和范·伦斯堡一家一起过来，我们一有机会就斗胆共舞，实际上机会并不多，因为我父亲讨厌在南非的外国人。事实上，他曾一度跟范·伦斯堡家发生过口角，起因就是他们留宿了理查德。后来父亲渐渐接受了事实，尽管始终心有芥蒂，对这位英国人也还总是客客气气的。

那是我一生中最快乐的一个生日，因为理查德在跳舞的间歇时间，把我叫到外面，就在那个清凉宜人、月光皎洁的夜幕中，在漫天星斗的注视下，他向我表达了爱意，并向我求婚。我当然答应了他，当时我早被幸福冲昏了头脑，根本没有考虑父母会怎么想，或者根本什么也没有想。有一天，理查德没有出现在约定的地方。我很失落但并不惊奇，因为有太多的事情可能发生，导致我们不能如期赴约。我想下次拜访范·伦斯堡家时，我就可以知道他究竟为何爽约，也可以继续约定以后的幽会„„

“于是当父亲问我是否愿意一起驱车前往德里方丹时，我高兴极了。”然而，当我们到达范·伦斯堡家，坐在门廊里喝咖啡时，却听说理查德已匆匆离开，回到英国去了。他父亲死了，他作为继承人必须回去料理遗产。

“那天的事我大多不记得了，只记得太阳似乎变得暗淡无光，田野也风采尽失，没了往日欣欣向荣的景象，尽是惨淡和荒凉之感，萧瑟凄凉得跟冬天或大旱时一样。那天午后的晚些时候，霍但托特族的小牧童詹杰交给我一封信，说是英国老爷留给我的。那是我收到的唯一一封情书，让我的所有的心酸和悲伤归于平静，也是我最最接近幸福的感觉。我知道理查德依然爱我，不管怎样，有了这封信在，就算他在英国，我不得不留在农场，我感觉我们也始终未曾分开过。我现在还保留着这封信，尽管已经年老体衰，这封信还能给我以希望和勇气。”

“姑祖母，这封情书肯定写的很精彩吧，”我说。老太太从遥远的爱情美梦中回过神来。“也许吧，”她说，犹豫了一下，“也许，亲爱的，你想看看那封信吗？”

“我乐意之极，姑祖母，”我轻声回答。

她立即起身，疾步走进小屋，像个急匆匆的少女。她回来时，递给我一封信，由于天长日久，信封早已褪色发黄，边角也已磨损，似乎是经受过无数次的抚摸。我正要打开时，却发现封印完好如初。

“拆开，拆开，”姑祖母催促道，声音颤抖。我揭下封印，念了起来。

严格来说，这算不上是一封情书，实际上是几页安排详尽的逃跑指南，指导“我挚爱的菲娜”如何逃脱父亲的监视，趁夜黑逃离家门到浅滩，詹杰会备好马匹跟她碰头，然后将她驮到史密斯多普，在那里投靠“我的至交亨利·威尔森”，他会出钱安排她追随爱人的足迹到达开普敦，经此前往英国。“在英国，亲爱的，我们立刻结为夫妻。但是，我的挚爱，假如你不确信自己能在异国他乡与我一道生活，就不要采取这个重大行动，因为我爱你至深，不愿你经受一丝的不快。倘若你不能前往，或者我未能收到你的回信，我就会知道，你远离自己深爱的国家和亲人是无法得到幸福的。然而，倘若你觉得还可以坚守承诺，但由于胆怯不敢只身面对前往英国的跋涉，就回信给我。我会想方设法回来迎娶我的新娘。”

我没有再念下去。

“可是，姑祖母！”我声音急促地问道。“为什么„„为什么„„”

老太太迫注视着我，因迫切想知道下文而浑身颤抖，她面颊绯红，双目神采奕奕充满期待。“大声念，亲爱的，”她说。“一字一句我都要听。我当时找不到可以信赖的人„„南非的外国人在我年轻的那段岁月是被人深恶痛绝的„„我不敢找人帮忙。” “可是，姑祖母，他信里写的这些你难道都不知道吗”

老太太低下了头，像个不小心做了错事的孩子一样，既不安又羞愧。

“不知道，亲爱的，”她回答，声音极其微弱。“你知道的，我从来没有读过书呀。”

Unit 5

外面天还黑着，我的呼吸像漂浮在寒冷的空气寒冷的云。我为自己感到难过。有一个原因，他们称之为“老鼠赛跑。

一天又一天，同一个古老的东西。在阳光下的房子。一个半小时的通勤到办公室。八到九个小时的工作，然后在同一个通勤回家，仍然是黑暗的外部。短短的几天，我就纳闷：白天太阳出来了吗？我不确定了，如果是，我一定错过了。

我走到火车站，在那个凄凉的星期一早晨。我的一个星期在我面前像一个深黑色的洞。本周可能是新的，但我感觉老和破旧的。短暂的周末休息还不提供救济，洗衣，堆积起来，不提超市、干洗店和无数其他跑腿，吃到什么被认为是我们的家人在一起的时间。我们几乎没有机会的时候还没定闹钟，本周开始再次很快地玩拼字游戏。火车又晚点了。任何尝试放松的想法很快被记忆的堆的纸坐在我的桌子上。这么多的事，和天是从来没有足够长的时间。我调整了我周围的人群开始精神通过排序的优先级就招手，当我到达办公室。电子邮件和传真，报告和会议。这一天会很充实，因为这是本周初的开始。我畏缩了一下，我常常想起我把事情“下周直到。“嗯，“下周”在这里。自注：思考明天的事情”“可能曾为斯嘉丽奥哈拉，但它只创造了我的悲伤。

转移人群把我带到了那一刻。火车进站了，而部队的乘客是一个头脑：抢一个空座位在任何费用。男女机会平等的推动者，推动彼此的平台边缘。即使我让自己被横扫，我也决心抓住第一个可用的座位，我可以找到。我紧紧抓住我的公文包，把我的公文包推到了其中，并获得了我的奖品。坐在一些文书工作上，我会得到一个跳跃，也许是一个备忘录或2个。任何一开始都会有帮助。

这是我的生活恶化到什么？我的一天最精彩的是，我在火车上坐了一个座位吗？当然，我的目标是更大的比。我们工作很辛苦，我丈夫和我。我们的目标是还清房贷，并预留储蓄以备退休。我们几乎都在那里。只是一年或两年，我模仿超人，这样我就可以放松。仅仅一两年。..那是当我看到她。那年轻的女人看上去很熟悉。我在火车站看到她了，还是我只是认出了她脸上的表情？在一个座位上再次错过了反映辞职的样子。这一看，说：“我没有精力去做这件事。”我知道她是怎样的感觉，但我也知道我有工作要做。备忘录回答，要写报告。我有一个座位，她没有。没有人说生活将是公平的。

但有更多的只是她的脸。即使在她那笨重的外套，我也能看到她在等一个孩子。她怀孕是相当远，这是她所有能做的去抓住金属棒的列车突然陷入运动。我感到一阵内疚，然后又与自己争辩。火车上肯定有足够多的人能看到她的情况。骑士还没死，是吗？但是没有人移动。好像每个人都在火车上被刻意避免这个年轻女人的角度为他们埋葬他们的头在他们的报纸，或假装全神贯注于他们的谈话。

我把备忘录和法律垫在我的公文包里，站了起来，示意让她注意。工作可以等待。这肯定是够了，和一个或两个以上的备忘录也不会有多大的差异，在我的日程安排。如果我有什么想法，他们都被她脸上的表情抹去。一种新的看--救济和感恩。话不需要被交换，但是当她说谢谢时，我意识到，这小小的仁慈对我来说就像是对她一样。一个提醒，即使我是一个大鼠比赛的一部分，我没有成为一个大鼠。

这仍然是星期一早晨，但新兴的日出告诉我，这将是一个美好的一天。

Unit 6

1一个真正幸福婚姻的基础是什么？浪漫？沟通？真正的爱情？这当然不是钱，对吗？

2大多数人都会同意钱不是一个好的婚姻，但根据婚姻顾问，这无疑是一个坏的因素。英国关系咨询服务发现，在1998次调查中，钱是在英国夫妇之间的争论的头号原因之一。我们的顾问认为，钱是一个在许多离婚的主要因素。它不只是缺乏资金，导致问题。3信不信你对金钱的态度比你拥有多少重要。也许这并不浪漫，但离婚50%次婚姻，往往由于财政困难，我们是不是该停在耳边甜言蜜语，开始关于钱的一些直接对话？

4对许多人来说，金钱是最后一个伟大的禁忌主题。“我们在结婚前从来没有谈过钱，”简，一位结婚五年的老师告诉我们。“我甚至不知道戴夫是怎么做的。我们在一起的时候，我们当然不会谈论谁会付帐单，或者任何类似的东西，“戴夫同意：”这似乎不重要，谈论金钱。我从来没有想过。”

5这些态度并不罕见，人们很少谈论金钱。

6浪漫的爱情神话告诉我们，我们会遇到一个人，结婚，并过着幸福的生活。童话里没有什么能告诉我们如何讨论我们的财务，甚至是我们需要的。但是你的伴侣对金钱的态度可能是你需要了解的最重要的事情之一。7每个人都对金钱有着独特的态度。有些人喜欢它可以买他们，也有人认为它是安全的来源。有些人担心他们永远不会有足够的，其他人会讨厌是有钱人。你对钱的态度取决于很多东西：怎么是你带来了，多少钱，你用有，是否你努力工作你钱或支付你所喜欢做的事情。甚至你的人生观会影响你对金钱的影响。对金钱的态度是没有对错的，每一个都是有效的。8他们结婚后，戴夫和简发现他们对金钱有很大的不同看法。“他是一个富豪，我是一个屏幕保护程序，”简说。“起初，这是非常令人沮丧的，当他在本月结束时，他在我和我的借贷，我们仍然得到了大量的战斗。”

9这是一个很常见的问题。大多数情侣在一起讨论他们的目标和梦想，但他们不谈论他们的财务态度。他们谈论有关，他们会喜欢生活，那种职业他们想要的，有多少孩子他们会有，等共享相同的人生目标是什么带来了许多夫妻在一起，许多人花了很多时间（尤其是当约会或结婚第一）讨论他们的希望和梦想。

10然而，许多人不做的事，就是计划如何实现他们的目标。他们知道他们在哪里是一对夫妇，但他们没有路线图的最短或最可靠的路线，他们的梦想。

11这是所有浪漫谈钱来。不仅你有多少，而且你会花多少钱，节省和投资。

12安吉拉，一位35岁的三岁的母亲告诉我们，“钱不是一个问题，我们直到孩子出生。然后我突然发现我们一直在战斗。我的丈夫会花100美元一个晚上出去与朋友，虽然它从来没有困扰我之前突然把我逼疯了。”安吉拉的丈夫看不见的问题；他们共同工作，他能买得起他的慷慨。安吉拉解释道：“那么，有一天我们开始谈论我们对未来的希望，这是一个灯泡似乎是为我的丈夫。我们一直想送我们的孩子去上大学，当我说自己的支出是危及他似乎明白为什么我生气了。它并没有停止所有的战斗，但它帮助。

13一次，安吉拉的丈夫发现了她为什么如此关注自己的花销，他发现很容易尝试去控制它。他们已经同意把所有的孩子送上大学，但他们从来没有谈论过他们是如何实现的。作为一个富豪安吉拉的丈夫没有看到招待他的朋友晚上出来一个问题，而作为一个自然保护安吉拉担心未来和孩子的大学基金。

14直到他们说，谁都不理解对方的态度。了解你的合作伙伴的态度，金钱是避免纠纷的关键。一个很好的问题是问你的伴侣是：“你会做什么，如果你赢得了彩票？“他们会花很多钱吗？他们会把所有的一切，把它投入安全的投资和生活的兴趣？他们会花一些钱存一些吗？你会给他们的答案是什么？

15好吧，这样你就不可能赢得彩票。但是，一旦你有了关于配偶的经济人格的知识，你就可以更好地为婚姻生活中的所有这些问题提供一天的钱。

16如果你的伴侣的财务风格和你的不同？这并不是说关系是注定的。远离它。知道你们两个人如何看待金钱，为什么会有助于你们做出必要的妥协来阻止它的战斗。没有任何关系是一样的，但也有一些基本的步骤，每个人都可以采取帮助赚钱少的问题。17第一：决定你的优先顺序是什么。18这不是关于制作一个预算，虽然你需要一个如果你是管理你的财务。这是关于你的梦想，你的生活愿望。你真的想活吗？让自己的梦想，但也现实。这是关于做出选择。你想每年都去度假还是一辆较新的汽车？你想拥有更大的房子，或者更多的可支配收入吗？找到一些共同点，你的梦想碰撞。这是你的财务目标作为一对夫妇。19二：决定如何满足你的目标。

20当我们听到安吉拉，有些软弱无力，像“我们必须拯救”真的不清楚。储蓄对不同的人意味着不同的东西。一个自然的人可能会认为储蓄意味着把钱会在月底离开；一个程序可能包括杂货店为了节省更多的开支。如果您正在保存，设置一个具体的和合理的数额，您可以在。决定如何投资你的储蓄和谁将管理的钱。你也许想在这里得到财务上的建议，但关键是你要讨论它。

21第三：决定如何处理日常财务。

22谁来平衡支票簿，支付账单，并做出投资决策？而最大的每一个都可以在没有咨询的同时又能用什么呢？

23第四：你会有联合或单独的账户吗？

24对许多夫妻来说，有单独的户口和三分之一的户口是一种方法。另一些人则更倾向于一个共同账户，每个人都可以在他们认为合适的支出上花钱。有许多不同的方式来组织你的财务，但重要的是，每个合作伙伴都有一些钱，他们可以自由地花钱，因为他们认为合适的。这就避免了无数的争论。

25这四个技巧只是你理财计划的开始。最重要的是谈论金钱和你对它的态度。金钱不是关于干的财务计划，它是关于你将如何生活你的生活，实现你的梦想，并保持在一个快乐的关系。

26还有，别以为钱是浪漫的？也许这不是，但这是一个比离婚更浪漫的浪漫，而这就是忽略你的钱的问题可以帮助你。

第五篇：新世纪大学英语第三册原文每段翻译U

新世纪大学英语 第三册 原文 每段翻译 U

UNIT 6：Culture Shock |文化冲击|

Kalervo Oberg

We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure.我们不妨把文化冲击称为突然置身国外的人们所得的职业病。和大部分疾病一样，这种病有其独特的起因、症状和疗法。

Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.These signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not.These cues which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues.文化冲击是因为我们失去熟悉的社会交往标记和符号而产生的焦虑所促成。这些标志或暗示包括我们应付日常生活各种情境时使用的诸多方式方法：与人会面时何时握手、该说些什么；在什么时间、以什么方式付小费；如何吩咐佣 人；怎样购物；何时该接受、何时该拒绝他人的邀请；别人说的话，何时该当真，何时不该当真。这些暗示可以是语 言、手势、面部表情、风俗习惯或社会行为标准。我们在成长的过程中获得了这些暗示，就像我们的语言和我们所接受的信仰一样，它们已经成为我们文化的一部分。我们所有的人都依赖成百上千个这样的暗示才能拥有宁静的心境，过上高效率的生活。

Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed.He or she is like a fish out of water.No matter how broad-minded you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way.First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: a€?The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.a€? When Americans or other foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people a€” you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.Another phase of culture shock is regression.The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance.To an American everything American becomes irrationally glorified.All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered.It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.当你走进一种陌

生的文化，你所熟悉的所有或大部分文化暗示也就随之消失。此时的你宛如一条离开水的鱼。无论你的心胸多么开阔，你赖以生存的支柱此时都已倒塌，挫折感和焦虑感油然而生。人们对此种挫折的反应非常相似：他们首先排斥令他们不适的环境：“我们所到之国的生活方式很不好，让我们感觉很糟糕。”当美国人或其他的外国人来到一个陌生的国度，聚在一起抱怨所到之国及其人民时 —— 可以肯定，他们正深受文化冲击之苦。文化冲击的另外一个阶段是回归。故乡的一草一木突然变得极为重要。一个美国人会不合理地美化美国的一切事物。在自己国家所经历的困难和问题都抛在了脑后，只记得故乡美好的事物。通常要回国一趟方可回到现实中。

In an effort to get over culture shock, there is some value in knowing something about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual.In addition to living in a physical environment, an individual lives in a cultural environment consisting of man-made physical objects, social institutions, and ideas and beliefs.An individual is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it.There is nothing in a new born child which dictates that it should eventually speak Portuguese, English, or French;nor that he should eat with a fork in his left hand rather than in the right or use chopsticks.All these things the child has to learn.Nor are the parents responsible for the culture which they transmit to their young.The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are beyond his awareness.It is by means of culture that the young learn to adapt themselves to the physical environment and to the people with whom they associate.And as we know, children and adolescents often experience difficulties in this process of learning and adjustment.But once learned, culture becomes a way of life.要克服文化冲击的心理，了解文化的性质及其与个人的关系会有所裨益。除了赖以生存的自然环境，一个人还生活在由人造的有形物体、社会风俗、观念和信仰构成的文化环境中。一个人并非天生就有文化，而是生来就具备学习和使用文化的能力。新生婴儿的身上不存在一种只许他最终说葡萄牙语、英语或法语的东西，也不存在一种只许他用左手而不是右手执叉或只许他用筷子吃饭的东西。这些东西都是要孩子去学习的。文化也不是由父母负责传递给孩子的。任何一个民族的文化都是历史的产物，经过漫长的、本民族意识不到的过程才得以积累形成。孩子通过文化学会适应周围的物质环境，学会和周围的人打交道。众所周知，青少年在学习和适应的过程中经常遇到困难。但是，文化一旦学会了

，就会成为一种生活方式。

People have a way of accepting their culture as both the best and the only way of doing things.This is perfectly normal and understandable.To this attitude we give the name ethnocentrism, a belief that not only the culture but the race and the nation form the center of the world.Individuals identify themselves with their own group to the extent that any critical comment is taken as a remark which is rude to the individual as well as to the group.If you criticize my country, you are criticizing me;if you criticize me, you are criticizing my country.Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics.For instance, if an American does something odd or anti-social in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act, this is now considered a national trait.He acts that way not because he is Joe Doaks but because he is an American.Instead of being censured as an individual, his country is censured.It is thus best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a permanent characteristic of national groups.Even if a national criticizes some aspect of his own culture, the foreigner should listen but not enter into the criticism.人们往往认为自己的文化是最好的，是生活的唯一方 式。这非常正常，完全可以理解。我们把这种态度称为“民族优越感”，即一种认为自己的文化、种族和国家构成世界中心的想法。个人往往将自己与所处的群体等同起来，因此任何批评的言论在他们看来都是对个人及其群体不尊敬的：如果你批评我的祖国，你就是在批评我；如果你批评我，你就是在批评我的祖国。抱着这种态度，人们往往把个人的怪癖归结为民族的特点。例如，倘若一个美国人在国外做出怪异的或有悖社会公德的事情，在美国国内的人们会认为这纯属个人行为，但在国外却被视为一种民族特性：他那样做并非因为他是乔?多克斯，而是因为他是个美国人。遭受责难的不是他这个个体，而是他的祖国。因此，我们最好把民族优越感看成是民族群体的一个永恒的特性。即使一个国家的公民批评了自己文化的某些方面，外国人也只应当听着，而不应该参与批评。

Once you realize that your trouble is due to your own lack of understanding of other peoplea€?s cultural background and your own lack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment, you also realize that you yourself can gain this understanding and these means of communication.And the sooner you do this, the sooner culture shock will disappear.你一旦意识到面临的问题并非因为异域的敌意而是因为自己对其他民族的文化背景缺乏理解或者缺乏与对方沟通的方式，你同时就会意识到你本身能够了解他人的文化，并能

够掌握那些交流的方式。你越早做到这一点，文化冲击就消失得越快。

The question now arises, what can you do to get over culture shock as quickly as possible? The answer is getting to know the people of the host country.But this you cannot do with any success without knowing the language, for language is the principal symbol system of communication.Now we all know that learning a new language is difficult, particularly to adults.This task alone is quite enough to cause frustration and anxiety, no matter how skillful language teachers are in making it easy for you.But once you begin to be able to carry on a friendly conversation with your maid, your neighbour, or to go on shopping trips alone, you not only gain confidence and a feeling of power but a whole new world of cultural meanings opens up for you.接下来的问题是，你怎样做才能尽快克服文化冲击？答案是：了解所到之国的国民。但是，倘若不懂语言，你是无法成功地实现这一目标的，因为语言是用于交流的主要的符号系统。我们现在都知道，学习一门新的语言不容易，对成年人来说，尤为如此。无论教语言的老师多么擅长于减轻你学习语言的难度，单单学语言这项任务都足以让你焦虑不 安、饱受挫折。不过，你一旦能够和女佣、邻居进行友好的交谈，能够单独出门购物，你就会重获信心，充满力量，一个蕴含各种文化意义的新世界就向你敞开了大门。

You begin to find out what people do, how they do it, and what their interests are.People usually express these interests by what they habitually talk about and how they allocate their time and money.Once you know this value or interest pattern it will be quite easy to get people to talk to and be interested in you.你开始发现人们做些什么、做事情的方式以及令他们感兴趣的事情。人们往往通过日常的谈话内容和时间、金钱的分配方式来表达自己的兴趣爱好。你一旦了解了他们的兴趣和价值模式，就很容易和他们交谈，也容易让他们对你产生兴趣。

At times it is helpful to be a participant observer by joining the activities of the people, to try to share in their responses, whether this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity.Yet the visitor should never forget that he or she is an outsider and will be treated as such.He or she should view this participation as a role playing.Understanding the ways of a people is essential but this does not mean that you have to give up your own.What happens is that you have developed two patterns of behavior.有时候，参加人们举办的各种活动，不管是嘉年华会、宗教仪式还是经济活动，在活动中仔细观察，和人们一起喜怒哀乐，这都有好处。不过，你永远都不要忘记，你是一个外人，人们也会把你当成一个外人对待。

你应当把参与活动看成角色扮演。了解一个民族的生活方式很重要，但这并非意味着你要放弃自己的文化。实际上，你已经具备两种行为方式。