第一篇：新世纪大学英语四作文,求翻译~
1My Understanding of Environmental Protection
Man and the environment are closely related.Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter.A harmonious relationship between man and However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now.As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his livingenvironment.Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms.The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings.And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil.If we take noimmediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.••••••We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines onenvironmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.2The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s lives
Among the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives.It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently.In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver.Besides, itsmulti-functions add ease and color to our lives.With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too.Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls.We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one.Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems.It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages.I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better.3Barriers to Knowledge Transfer
Knowledge transfer is a human phenomenon and plays a very important role in the process of human evolution.With the knowledge accumulated over generations, human beings can now build and transform societies with unprecedented knowledge resources.However, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer.For example, lack of trust and resistance to change undermine the transfer of knowledge.People are less likely to acquire knowledge from those whom they don't trust or to adopt new theories and practices they are not familiar with.Cultural and language barriers also hamper the transfer of knowledge between nations or ethnic groups.It would be almost impossible for people who speak different languages or dialects with different cultural backgrounds to communicate effectively, not to mention exchanging knowledge.An underdeveloped economy is another barrier to knowledge transfer.The lack of
socio-economic and techno-environmental cooperation, as well as poor communications infrastructure, can greatly hinder the flow of knowledge within and between nations.To remove these barriers, people should change their attitude towards knowledge transfer and the learning of foreign languages and cultures.At the same time, efforts should be made to develop a better world economy.4My Career Choice
When it comes to the choice of career, different people consider the matter from different perspectives.Personally I prefer to be a teacher.I have three reasons for my decision.The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality.Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching.The second reason is that I am interested in the job.It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up.The third reason is related to my occupational attitude.I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status.I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.I think teaching is an ideal career for me.Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.5Fame — Good or Evil
Fame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about.Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc.Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money.Besides, the applauses and flowers from the fans may boost one's self-confidence and increase one's sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one's life, too.It deprives one of his privacy.As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes the media's attention or public curiosity.Fame also places one under great pressure.He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword.I don't seek fame and I don't envy those who are famous.I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: “The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame”.
第二篇：21世纪大学英语四翻译答案
第一单元
1.美国人往往以从事的工作来对人们进行划分，家庭和教育背景这些特点被认为是不太重要的。
Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do.Such characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are considered less important.2.他决不妥协的个性是他再也无法容忍他的雇主，并最终递交了辞职书的原因。His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.3.如果你真想学好英语，你就必须投入大量的时间和精力，否则你就不会有任何进步，对于其他课程也可以这么说。
If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you'll go nowhere.The same can be said of other subjects.4.有些演员的名声靠的是他们天生的美貌，但是达斯订.霍夫曼（Dustin
hoffman）尽管身材矮小（short stature）,还是出类拔萃，而使他与众不同的正是他的精湛的演技。
Some actors fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that set him apart.5.他负责管理之后，我们就发现他与前任（Predecessor）有明星的不同:他有干劲和激情，想出了很多新点子，并把工作重点放在如何鼓舞我们的士气上。After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking differences between him and his predecessor.He had the drive and passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on how to raise our morale.6.当邓小平宣布中国改革开放政策的时候，他被永远载入了史册。尽管障碍重重，他以不懈的努力为我国的现代化作出了永久性的贡献。
Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared China's reform and opening-up policy.Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting contributions to our country's modernization with his unrelenting efforts.7.为什么有人拥有天才级智商却被智商平平但很刻苦的人丢在后面？承认除了智商外，还有很多别的因素于一个人的成就有着很大的关系。
Why could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that besides one's IQ, many other factors have much to do with one's achievements.8.这位教师真了不起，她能在教东西之前调动学生的积极性。这并不是因为她有天赋，认识因为她只想着在课堂上吸引他们的注意力。
This teacher is really remarkable in first motivating her students so she can really teach them something.It's not that she is talented, it's that she focuses completely or drawing their full attention in class.第二单元
1.他瞪眼看着约翰，对她拒接合作感到恼火
He glared at John and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate.2.约翰真诚的讲话表达了他对那些在他处于困境时给过他慷慨帮助的人们的感激之情
John's sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered him
generous help when he was in difficulty.3.他可说是一个集邮家。他曾经积累了两年去买一张珍邮这件事便是证明
He is something of a stamp collector.The fact that once he saved up for two years to buy a rare stamp is proof of it.4.这些玫瑰的美丽怎么评价也比不过分。他们以各种方式吸引住了所有的游客 T he beauty of these roses could not be overstated.They took/caught all the visitors fancy in one way or another.5.起先，他理所当然的认为该地区应多造一些公路。然而仔细计算其费用之后，他在作出最后决定前又不得不重新考虑了。
.At first he took it for granted that they should build more highways in this area.Then a careful calculation of the expenditure compelled him to think twice before he made the final decision.6.每次收到我的礼物，不管多少，我的朋友比尔觉不忘记表示感谢。
Each time he receives a gift from me, no matter how small, my friend Bill never fails to acknowledge it.7.那位新闻记者决定找到那对老夫妻信中提及的年轻人。那封信赞颂了年轻人为改善他们的生活条件而付出的努力。
.The journalist has decided to trace the young man referred to in the old couple's letter, which is a tribute to the young man's effort at improving their living conditions.8.虽然他厌烦了那些每天上门来吹嘘其产品的推销员，但他克制着没有将他们拒之于门外。
.Though he was fed up with the salesmen who knocked at his door and boasted about their products every day, he refrained from slamming the door in their face.第三单元
1.汤姆因一问题而心神不宁但又一筹莫展，直到他学会以不同的策略把它解决才不心烦。
Tom was hung up on the problem but could do nothing about it until he learnt to solve it with different tactics.2.横向思维帮助他提出了原来似乎已经走进死胡同的新理论。
.Lateral thinking has helped him to advance his new theory which had seemed to reach a dead end.3.我们最新的建设计划的框架已获得地方政府的批准。他是否会按时实施对这座沿海城市的发展具有极为重要的意义。
The framework of our latest construction plan has been affirmed by the local
government.Whether it will be carried out on time is of the utmost significance to the development of this coastal city.4.在设法寻找一个解决问题的办法的过程中，爱德华在思想上陷入了僵局，但最后他改变了观察角度，以一种完全意想不到的方式解决了问题。
.While trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward reached an impasse in his thinking, but later he changed his point of view and solved the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.5.许多人认为计算机机房将最终取代图书馆，想吸收新知识的学生最终将在计算
机机房里学到一切。
Many people believe that computer labs will eventually take over from the libraries and students who want to take in new knowledge will end up learning everything in the computer lab.6.昨天他的汽车几乎是迎头撞上一辆卡车，如果他继续这样随便开车，我确信他最后一定会被送进医院的急诊室。
Yesterday his car crashed into a truck almost head-on.If he does not stop driving so carelessly, I am sure he will wind up in the emergency room of a hospital.7.这幅画的结构设计有一点缺陷。你为什么不擦掉那几条垂直线，把他简化一点呢？
.There is a flaw in the structural design of the painting.Why don't you erase the vertical lines and simplify it a little bit?
8.约翰本该在很久以前就把烟戒掉了。毕竟健康对每个人来说都是最重要的。John should have given up smoking a long time ago.After all, health is of the utmost importance to everybody.第四单元
1.学校应避免仅按学生考试成绩来判断孰优孰劣毕以此对待他们。相反，好的教育体制应使每一位学生都能达到良好的水准，成为全面发展的人。
.Schools should avoid deciding who is superior only in terms of students' exam results and treating them accordingly.Instead, a good educational system should enable every student to measure up to good standards as well-rounded people.2大学生课后有问题时，往往在办公时间之外不容易找到老师。这是由于老师繁忙的学术研究，而不是他们对学生漠不关心。
As often as not, when college students have questions after class, their teachers are not readily available except during office hours.This is due to teachers' busy academic research, rather than their indifference to the students.3.这个班由40名学生组成，他们大部分按英语水平过去常被归在中等之列。但由于老师从不在言辞中表露出不赖烦，学生们对他的教学方法产生了积极的反应，从而没有辜负他的厚望。
This class consists of forty students, most of whom used to be labeled average in terms of English level.But as this teacher has never shown any verbal impatience, the students have reacted positively to his teaching methods and lived up to his expectations.4.在美国，教书变的越来越难了，部分原因是学生越来越多样的种族背景以及需要另外培训才能掌握更为复杂的教学技巧。
Teaching is becoming increasingly demanding in the United States, due in part to the diversity of students' racial background and the complexity of educational technologies that require additional training.5.英国人经常被归类为保守型，显然这一归类带有成见。实际上，英国人在名族特性方面以其他欧洲国家相比并没有太大的差异。英国人有礼貌，爱整洁，讲秩序，充满自信。
.The English are, as often as not, labeled conservative.Obviously this label is prejudiced.In reality, Britain is not very different from other.European countries in terms of national characteristics.6.有些年轻人在成长过程中有着要求独立的强烈愿望。他们宁可通过自己的努力来度过生活中的困难，也不愿带着负罪感求助于他们的父母。
The British are polite, neat, orderly and confident.Some young people grow up with a strong desire for independence.They would rather try hard to go through life on their own than turn to their parents for help with a sense of guilt.7.你的朋友对你非常的真诚，你也应该以诚相待，觉不应该欺骗他，或者带着讽刺的口吻谈论他的挫折。
Your friend treats you sincerely, so you should respond accordingly and mustn 抰deceive him or talk about his setbacks with irony(ironically).8.邻居们恼火的原因是他们发出的噪音，但是由于他们一再保证夜间停工，从而得以完成这套公寓的装潢。
.The neighbors' irritation/annoyance was due to the noise they made.However, because of reassurances that they would stop working at night, they went through with the decoration of this apartment.第五单元
1.正如你可以想象到的，阅读为我们打开了一个新的天地并永远的改变了我的人生道路。
As you can imagine, reading has opened a new world to me and
changed forever the course of my life.2.他从童年起就对书籍表现出一种非常强烈的兴趣。他对书籍如此迷恋，以致从不让一天过去而不进行一些阅读。
He had demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books since
childhood.So fascinated with books was he that he never let a day pass
without doing some reading.3.他每次乘地铁上下班身边都有一本想读的书。他就这样在过去三年中读了将近100本书。
.Every time he takes the subway to and from work, he has with him a
book that he wants to read.That is the way he has read nearly a
hundred books in the past three years.4.他读中学时常在自己房间里读书至深夜。每次听到母亲走近的脚步声，他便关掉灯假装睡着。而母亲一走过去，他便打开灯，重又读起来。
When he was in high school, he used to read deep/far into the night in his own room.Each time he heard the approaching footsteps of his mother, he would turn off the light and feigned sleep.But as soon as his mother passed, he would turn on the light and begin reading again.5.几乎没有什么关于中国的东西是他不感到好奇的。为了满足自己的好奇心他已
决定亲自到那儿去尽量多看一些。
There is hardly anything about China he's not curious about.And to satisfy his curiosity he has decided to go there in person to see as much as he can.6.我不知道是什么使你儿子羡慕那位流行歌手并试图事事模仿他的。你还是问问他本人好了。
I don't know/ I have little/no idea what made your son envy that pop singer and try to emulate him in everything.You might as well ask him in person.7.他从图书馆一借到那本书就在走廊的灯光下飞快的把它翻了一遍。
As soon as he checked out the book from the library, he thumbed through its pages by the corridor light.8.我认为没有哪个人在农村学到的比我更多。实际上，农村的三年使我比进某个大学学习得更深入细致。
.I don't think anybody ever learned more in the countryside than I did.In fact, those three years in the countryside enabled me to study far intensively than I would have if I had attended some college.
第三篇：大学英语四翻译题详解
Unit 1 Translate the following sentences into English.--------------1.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。(other than)
1.The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2.研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。(may have done)
2.Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night，no matter what we may have done during the day.3.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。(justify sth.by)
3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。(remain true to)
4.We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do;we would do it.5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。(discount;be true of)
5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the g reatest musician in the world.The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。(accuse sb.of sth.)
6.They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.---------------1.If you move into any place other than your own private home, make sure you know what the rules are about pets if you have one.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物的规定。2.Some women could have made a good salary in job instead of staying at home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.2一些女性完全可以不待在家里，而是去工作，挣一份不错的工资。但是为了家庭，她们放弃 了工作。
3.How can you justify such rudeness? You will pay heavily for that because they have sued you for damaging their good name.3.你怎么为这样粗鲁的行为辩护？你将会为此付出沉重的代价，因为他们己经以低毁名誉的罪 名起诉你了。
4.Criticism can be of great use;we may not like it at the time, but it can spur us on to greater things.4.批评有其重要作用；我们可能当时不喜欢它，但是它能激励我们去做更伟大的事情
5.His uncompromising behavior, to which the public objected, left him bankrupt emotionally and financially.5.他毫不让步的行为遭到公众的反对，这使得他陷人了精神上崩溃、经济上破产的境地。6.Even if you fail, don't let failure harm you, don't let failure take over.Remember failure is a necessary step in learning;it is not the end of your learning, but the beginning.6．即使你失败了，也不要被失败伤害，更不要被失败左右。记住：失败是学习过程中必要的一 步；它不是学习、的结束，而是学习的开始。
Unit 2 Translate the following sentences into English.1.要是这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话，就会吸引更多的观众。(if...had + past participle, would + have + past participle)
1.If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.2.她从未对自己的能力失去信心，因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。(it is a possibility to)
2.She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3.我从未受过正式培训，我只是边干边学。(go along)
3.I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.4.随着产品进入国际市场，他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。(find one's way into)
4.As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.5.她可以编造一个故事，说自己被窃贼打昏，所有的钱都没了，但她怀疑自己是否能让这故事听起来可信。(make up)
5.She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6.谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问，可是这引起了对他更多的批评。(on purpose)
6.No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.--------------1.If there had been no Charlie Chaplin, the history of world cinema would have been different.1.如果没有查理·卓别林，世界电影史就会不一样了。
2.It was a relief that his hard work eventually gave him the result that he had long desired: He successfully discovered the cause of the disease.2.令人感到宽慰的是，他的努力最终给予了他长期渴望的结果—他成功地发现了这种疾病的原因。3.Charlie Chaplin was one of the greatest and most widely loved movie stars.From The Tramp to Modern Times, he made many of the funniest and most popular films of his time.He was best known for his character, the youthful and lovable Little Tramp.3.查理·卓别林是最伟大、最广受热爱的电影明星之一。从《流浪汉》到《摩登时代》，他拍 摄了许多他那个时代最有趣、最受欢迎的电影。他最出名的是他扮演的一个人物—年轻可 爱的小流浪汉。
4.Chaplin was an immensely talented man: Within only two years of his first appearance in motion pictures in 1914, he became one of the best-known personalities in the nation.4.卓别林是一个才能非凡的人：自他1914年第一次在电影中出现，两年时间内他就成了这个国 家最有名的人物之一。
5.Charlie Chaplin had an impact on everyone's life in the early 20th century.He made more people laugh than any other man who ever lived and changed the way people looked at the world.5.查理·卓别林对20世纪初期每个人的生活都产生了影响。与有史以来的任何人相比，他让更 多的人欢笑，改变了人们看待这个世界的方式。
6.On Christmas Day in 1977 Charlie Chaplin passed away.He left behind family and friends saddened by his death, and millions of fans worldwide.6.1977年，查理·卓别林在圣诞节那天去世了，身后留下了悲伤的家人和朋友，以及全世界数 以百万计的影迷。
Unit 5 Translate the following sentences into English.------------------1.这位小个子男子并不如他看上去那么单纯。(not so...as)
1.This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2.对这个问题我已束手无策了，所以你不妨去求助于王教授吧。(might as well)
2.There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3.双方高度评价了在不同领域合作取得的成果，并希望合作进一步加深。(speak highly of)
3.Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that the cooperation can be furthered.4.一方面，亲民形象能使新政策更易于被民众接受，另一方面，它也能
“广直言之路，启进善之门”。(on the one hand, on the other hand)
4.On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will “encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions”.5.他孤独的感觉时起时落，他有时会对自己、对宠物、对电视机唠叨不休。(rise and fall, at length)
5.His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the television.6.毕竟，金钱不是万能的，最富有的人不一定是最幸福的。(after all)
6.After all, money is not everything.The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.---------------1.The new mechanism is not so effective as they had expected, for months passed and there has been no big improvement in management efficiency.1.新的机制并不像他们预期的那样有效，因为数月过去了，但管理效率并没有明显改进。2.I don't want to scare you unnecessarily, but you might as well face facts and look at a few numbers.2.我不想不必要地吓唬你，可你最好还是面对事实，看看一些数字吧。
3.Loneliness is marked by a sense of isolation.Solitude, on the other hand, is a state of being alone without being lonely and can lead to self-awareness.3.孤独的特点是一种与世隔绝感，而独居则是独自一人却不感到寂寞的状态，它能引发自我 意识。
4.Loneliness is a negative state.One feels that something is missing.It is possible to be with people and still feel lonely—perhaps the bitterest form of loneliness.4.孤独是一种消极的状态，你会感到失去了某种东西。你可能与别人在一起仍然感到孤独— 这也许是孤独最痛苦的形式。
5.Solitude is a positive state of engagement with oneself.Solitude is desirable, a state of being alone where you provide yourself wonderful and sufficient company.5.独居是一种与自我相约的积极的状态。独居是值得向往的，是独自一人、享受自我愉快而又 充实的陪伴的一种状态。
6.Thoreau says that loneliness can occur even amid companions if one's heart is not open to them.6.梭罗说，一个人即使身处同伴之中，如果不对他们敞开心扉，仍会感到孤独。
Unit 8 Translate the following sentences into English.---------------1.只要他守规矩，我倒不在乎他晚上在外呆得这么晚。(mind + V-ing)
1.1 don't mind his staying out so late as long as he behaves himself.2.与其他计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为我觉得没有任何一个 计划比他的计划更实际。(no + singular nouns or plural nouns;in that)
2.1 prefer his plan to others in that I think no plan is more practical than his.3.他们与那家公司中断了生意来往，因为那家公司上一个财政损失惨重，已经破产了。(break off)
3.They broke off business relations with that company as it suffered huge losses in the last fiscal year and went bankrupt.4.既然你不喜欢他，当初为什么还要邀请他参加你的生日晚会呢？(now that;in the first place)
4.Now that you don't like him, why did you invite him to your birthday party in the first place? 5.虽然知道获胜的可能性不大，但比赛失败后，我们多少还是有点沮丧。(more or less)
5.Though we knew our chances to win were slim, we were more or less depressed when we lost in the game.6.也许这是为进步而付出的代价，谁知道呢?(pay the price)
6.Perhaps this was the price that has to be paid for progress-who knows? Translate the following sentences into Chinese.---------------1.I don't mind their disapproving of my plan, but, in my heart, I still want their support.1.我不在乎他们否定我的计划，但在内心深处我仍渴望得到他们的支持。2.Peter announced that he had no intention of singing or dancing in company with any of these girls and he gave no reason.2.彼得宣布他不想与她们中任何一个女孩一起唱歌或跳舞，他没给任何理由。3.We respect those who give of their time, their friendship and their talents rather than those who are always trying hard only to gain more for themselves.3.我们尊敬的是那些奉献时间、友谊和才能的人，而不是那些一心只为自己谋求私利的人。4.It seemed that I had suffered a great loss of business and that was the price I paid for not following my parents' advice.4.看来我生意遭到一了巨大损失，这是我不听父母忠告所付出的代价。5.They just made the point again in passing that during my visit to that country, an interpreter would always be at my elbow.5.他们只是顺便又提到了这一点：在我去那个国家旅行时，会有一位翻译一直在我身边。6.Even when parents strongly disapprove of the way their child is behaving, it is still important to make it clear that it is the behavior and not the person that is being rejected.6.即使当父母强烈反对子女的行为方式时，他们拒绝接受的是那种行为方式而不是子女本人，澄清这一点十分重要。
Unit 10 Translate the following sentences into English.---------------1.无论你的智商有多高，你的看法都受到个人经历的局限，因此要学会吸纳他人有用的观点。(no matter...)
1.No matter how high your IQ is, your view is limited by the experience you have had and so you should learn to incorporate the useful perspectives of others.2.这个游戏非常有趣，他们谁也没有注意到时间的流逝。(Use inverted order of “so...that...”;take note of)
2.So interesting was the game that none of them took note of the passage of time.3.我一直在整理这些旧文件，看看哪些有用，哪些需要扔掉。(sort through)
3.I've been sorting through these old documents to see which are useful and which can be thrown away.4.随着年龄越来越大，你应该考虑未来的计划。(reflect on)
4.As you get older you should reflect on future plans.5.他在演出中的亮相简直是个轰动。(nothing less than)
5.His appearance in the show was nothing less than a sensation.6.他们每个月都从工资中留出一笔钱，用于孩子将来的教育。(set aside)
6.Every month they set aside a particular amount of money from their salary for the sake of their kid's education in the future.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.---------------
XII
1.No matter how promising your situation, or how creative you can be, hard work is always essential to your success.1.无论你的情况多么充满希望，无论你有多大的创造力，努力工作对你的成功总是必需的。
2.So strong are his first impressions that sometimes they defy revision even when many other people think differently.2.他留下的最初印象如此之强烈，有时甚至当许多其他人不这么认为时，这些印象也无法改变。
3.Our aim is nothing less than to make China the best trained and educated nation in Asia.3.我们的目的就是要使中国成为亚洲接受培训程度和教育程度最高的一个国家。
4.On international relations China would continue to develop relations with foreign countries in seeking a favorable international environment for its reform and to make contributions to world peace and development.4.在国际关系方面，中国将继续发展与外国的关系，寻求一个对自己改革有利的国际环境，继续对世界和平和发展作出贡献。
5.I'll keep at it—whatever the challenges might be—and never give up until I achieve success.5.不管会面临什么挑战，我都会坚持，永不放弃，直到取得成功。
6.The latest research seems to imply that without the software of emotional maturity and self-knowledge, the hardware of academic training alone is worth less and less.6.最新的研究似乎表明，缺乏情感成熟和自我了解这一软件，纯学术培训这一硬件越来越没有价值。
第四篇：英语四翻译
English Translation for FOUR
U1无名英雄：职业父亲意味着什么？
在我们的孪生女儿出生后的U2颐养天年
人人都知道孤儿院和养老院绝不能替代家庭。人们的感觉是只有家庭才能给老人与幼童提供使他们会产生满足感的一切。对子女来说，享有父母的呵护毋庸多说，因为这是一种本能的父辈的情感。不过晚辈对于长辈的孝敬，正如中国的一句俗话 “水往低处流” 所说，则需要由文化去培养。一个自然人必会爱其子女，但只有受过文化教育的人才会珍爱和孝敬父母。这个爱老、敬老的原则最终成为了大众所信守的准则，并且根据某些著书立说者所言，在父母年老时能有幸在其身边服侍，实际上已成为一种强烈的愿望。父母生病了却没有机会在病榻前亲侍药汤，亡故时未能亲临送终，已被有文化的中国人视为终身最大的遗憾。官员到了五六十岁尚不能迎养父母，于官署中晨昏定省，会被视为道德缺失而倍感羞愧，不得不常向亲友和同僚解释他不能迎养孝敬的理由。从前有个人，因赶回家时父母已亡故，悲痛之下说了这样两句话：“树欲静而风不止，子欲养而亲不在。”
在美国，身体健康且精神矍铄的老年人常对人说他尚“年轻”，或者是旁人说他们“年轻”，而实际上则是说他们身体康健。这似乎是一种语言上的不幸。老来健康或者说“长寿康健”是人生莫大的幸运，而改称之为“健康且年轻”，则会贬损其魅力，使原本很完美的东西变得不那么完美了。终究，世上再也没有什么能比一个健康而智慧的老者更完美的了。他有着“红润的面庞，雪白的头发”，用和蔼的声音，谈论着人生世故。中国人很明白这一点，所以画出来的老翁总是“红颊白须”，视之为尘世终极快乐的象征。美国人大概也看到过中国人所画的老寿星，他那高突的前额、红润的面庞、雪白的长须，还有他笑容可掬的神态！这是何等生动的画像。他手抚飘逸垂胸的长须，悠然自得。他何等的庄严，令人起敬；他何等的自信，没有人会质疑他的智慧；他何等的仁慈，因为他见闻了太多的人间疾苦。对于富有生气的老者，我们也会给予赞誉，说他们是“老当益壮”。
我丝毫不怀疑，美国的老人依旧要坚持说他们又忙碌又活跃这一事实，可以归为个人主义被推崇到了愚蠢的地步。他们以自主为荣，崇尚自立，耻于依赖子女。美国人在其宪法中规定了许多人权，但他们却很奇怪地忘掉了老年人应享受子女赡养这一权利，因为这也是因提供养育服务而产生的权利和义务。有谁能够否认，父母年轻时为子女何等地辛劳，子女小有病痛必彻夜不眠地照顾，在子女还没有学会说话时给他们换洗尿布，耗费二十余载将他们养育成人，教会他们自立生活。当他们年老时，就有权得到子女的赡养和孝敬。在普通的家庭生活模式中能否忘掉个人的自立及其自尊？凡是人都是先由父母养育，后来再养育自己的子女，最后则理所当然地得到子女的赡养。中国人对生活的完整理念是以家庭中的互帮互助为基础的，所以没有个人独立的意识，因此，到了夕阳红的老年时期得到子女赡养时就不会有耻辱感，反而会因有子女赡养而倍感欣幸。
U3网络版权执法——赚钱之道
丹佛——布莱恩•希尔，一位北卡罗来纳州20岁的博主，去年12月在他自己的博客上发布了一张机场保安人员搜身的照片，没想到由此引来了一场法律战。
一个月后，希尔先生收到一封电子邮件，发件人是《拉斯维加斯太阳报》的一位记者，他正在调查一家专为报社代理版权诉讼的内华达公司。电子邮件通知希尔先生，他也是Righthaven公司起诉的对象之一。尽管那张机场照片在希尔先生从网上撤下之前就早已在网上 疯传，但这张照片却是《丹佛邮报》11月18日首次刊发的。
希尔先生撤下了照片，但为时已晚。法院的传票送到了他的家里。该诉讼要求法律赔偿。尽管没有提出赔偿的具体数字，但希尔先生被控“故意”侵权，根据联邦版权法，在这种情况下诉讼方可获得高达15 000美元的赔偿。
“我很震惊，”希尔先生说。“我想，也许这是一个玩笑或者只是用来吓唬我的。我真不知道那张照片是受版权保护的。”
在过去一年，各大报纸一直在想方设法保护它们投放在网上的信息内容。Righthaven公司在科罗拉多
和内华达州针对未经《丹佛邮报》或《拉斯维加斯评论期刊》的授权直接在网上转贴的资料所提起的类似的联邦诉讼就超过了200起。
旗下拥有《丹佛邮报》的新闻媒体集团的副总裁莎拉•格兰斯在一封电子邮件中说，搜身的照片已在300多个网站上转载使用，而这些网站均未注明照片版权属于《邮报》或其摄影师。
《评论期刊》的投资人兼斯蒂芬斯媒体的法律总顾问马克•西纽贝尔赞同格兰斯的观点，说剪贴文章就是“窃取我们所编辑材料的潜在读者和网络流量。”
然而，一些批评家却争辩说，Righthaven公司的做法过于严厉，他们希望在人们还没有搞清楚是否违反了联邦版权法之前就速战速决。通常情况下，他们不会对当事人进行警示就提起诉讼。Righthaven公司很少预先发出通知，要求网站撤下不属于自己的信息资料，而是直接索要赔偿，并要求取消该网站域名。根据一些对此类案件兴趣日益浓厚的互联网法律专家的观察，这种行径十分简单:Righthaven公司搜寻在网络上转贴的报刊材料，通常是一篇文章、摘录或是一幅照片，再去获取版权，然后由公司就提起诉讼。圣克拉拉大学法学院高科技法律研究所主任埃里克•戈德曼说，在网上重新粘贴已发布的材料，如果未减少其原有市场价值，就适用“公平使用”的原则。关注该诉讼的其他评论家也认为，出于讨论的目的而重新粘贴的资料不构成侵权。
“许多被告对版权法知之甚少”，戈德曼先生说。“他们不是要与报纸竞争，而仅仅是不知道有关规定。”戈德曼先生曾向被Righthaven公司起诉的公司非正式地建议庭外和解。
“没有人真的相信从未在任何地方发表过任何东西的Righthaven公司取得了其诉讼文章的全部所有权，”兰达扎先生这样写道。他的法律小组最近提出动议，驳回Righthaven公司的其他两起案件，并指控该公司涉嫌版权索赔欺诈。
吉布森先生否认他们诉讼的特定目标是不知情的博主并提到对德拉吉先生的诉讼。Righthaven公司指控“德拉吉报导网站”未经允许贴出了机场保安搜身的照片。吉布森先生说诉讼最后达成庭外和解。“不管是粘贴显示在Momandpop.com还是Chicagotribune.com上，转移网站受众的危害已经形成，” 他说。“如果指控成立，说我们纯粹是一家贪婪的公司，而不是在推动版权法权益，那我们就不会处置网站受众转移的问题。”
格兰斯女士说，新闻媒体集团“审查过每一个违规事件，但只核准那些针对刊登广告而非从事慈善活动的网站提起的诉讼。”
希尔先生患有自闭症和糖尿病，和母亲靠残疾救助生活。他说Righthaven公司曾一度提出只需赔偿6 000美元，但遭到他的拒绝。科罗拉多州的一位律师大卫•科尔一直在为他进行无偿辩护。
一位主持该案件的联邦法官上个月批评Righthaven公司利用法庭与那些担心诉讼费用可能高昂的被告达成和解。不久后，Righthaven公司自愿放弃诉讼，声称之前他们的确不知道希尔先生的健康状况。但与此同时Righthaven公司在法庭文件中指出，放弃对该案件的起诉并不意味着放弃对其他侵权人的起诉，并警告希尔先生不要再继续使用受著作权保护的资料。
希尔先生最近决定恢复自己的uswgo.com网站，他把遭起诉后撤下的各种政治文章和自己的思考评述都加上了相关链接。在网站上，希尔先生也发布了一则阐释自己看法的告示，说明该网站所挂材料，即使未得到使用许可，也符合公平使用的原则。不过，这一次希尔先生说他会绕开任何可能会使他陷入与Righthaven公司产生麻烦的影像或故事。
U4学英语既有乐趣又有回报
文学的研究——包含对哲学、宗教、历史事件的发展和观念由来的研究，不仅是文明的，同时是有教化作用的，而且是流行的和实际的。在所有从文理学院毕业并获得学士学位的人中，有六分之一的人主修英语。让人惊异的是，这些毕业生能胜任范围相当广泛的工作。他们的经验表明，这种广泛流行的偏见是错误的：即英语专业的学生只能从事新闻或教学工作。事实上，主修英语的学生也为未来从事法律、医学、商业和公职等职业做了相当好的准备。
有人时常劝告期望上法学院或医学院的大学生要学习与他们的择业有直接联系的严格制定的课程。有
人还建议未来法学院的学生应该选修政治、历史、会计、商业管理甚至人体解剖学、婚姻和家庭生活等课程。未来医学院的学生被引导去学习多种理科课程，实际上，这些课程比他们考入医学院所需要的理科课程要多得多。令人惊讶的是，许多法学院和医学院却指出，如此专门化的准备不但没有必要，而且并不可取。没有什么“法律预科”课程：上法学院和从事法律行业的最好准备是培养学生能够进行批判性思考；能够进行清晰的合乎逻辑的自我表述；能够对他人的动机、行动和想法进行敏锐的分析。这些技能也正是英语专业要教给学生掌握的技能。
此外，要进入法学院就读，通常需要具有合格院校颁发的学士学位，还需要拿到最低限度的各课平均积分点，并和在法学院录取考试（L.S.A.T.）中取得一个通得过的分数。这项测试包括三个部分：首先是测试阅读理解、图形分类和书面材料评估等能力。测试的第二个部分是考核对英语语法和词汇用法的掌握能力，组织书面材料的能力和文字编辑的能力。第三个部分是检测学生的文学、艺术、音乐、自然科学和社会科学的一般知识。显而易见，主修英语的学生参加法学院录取考试会得心应手。
至于医学院，入学要求主要的一条只是修满32个学时的理科课程。这一要求对主修英语的学生来说肯定不成问题。另外，许多医学院校要求学生必须在医学院入学考试中达到规定的最低分，这一测试对全面发展的文科学生来说又十分有利。医学院入学考试检测四方面的能力：同义词、反义词和词语联想能力；从分数到立体几何学的基本数学知识；文学、哲学、心理学、音乐、艺术和社会科学的常识；以及熟悉中学和大学初始阶段教过的生物学、化学和物理学基本原理的程度。理科基础扎实的主修英语学生完全有能力参加这一考试和医学院入学考试，他们的阅读、分析、阐述和准确交流的能力使他们更胜一筹。学医和行医只会从对人的行为的洞察中受益无穷，而这种洞察却是文学研究才能提供的。
很明显，如此的洞察力对计划从商的学生来说也是很有价值的。这样的学生应该考虑的是，挑选主修对商科有侧重的英语课程是有优势的：这种课程的目的在于在提供文科教育的同时，也为从商做职业准备。对这种教育计划的需求是显而易见的：只有技术性资格的毕业生能找到从商工作，但却经常难以居其位。《华尔街杂志》和《大学生就业杂志》都有报道，说越来越多的著名商学院的毕业生发现他们自己经常从一种工作或一家公司跳槽到另一个工作或另一家公司，在一个工作岗位上干不了十二个月。雇主们抱怨说，这些表面上年轻有为的男女们根本不会有效地交流，因为他们的文字能力不够强；他们不能够从管理人员培训中学到东西；他们不能够进行有效的口头表达；他们不能用书面形式报告他们的工作进展或问题；他们不能够指导其他工作人员。然而，分析和交流的技能却是管理的最根本的需要。
因此，偏重商业经营管理方向的主攻英语的学生，为未来从事商业管理做好了充分准备。对涉及从银行、保险到通信乃至制造业等众多领域的将近400家公司进行的有关调查显示，针对是否聘用具有英语学位文凭却没有受过行业领域的专门培训的毕业生这一问题，百分之八十五的公司说他们聘用过。拥有英语学位文凭的大学毕业生在营销、系统工程、人事管理、销售、编程、项目设计和劳资关系等领域都工作得十分出色。
主修英语的学生也正在各级政府提供的上千种岗位上工作。就拿可以算得是美国最大的雇主的联邦政府来说吧。从海军陆战队到矿务局，从商业部到国家公园服务处，联邦政府各种机构雇佣的劳动大军近三百万人。主修英语的学生适合做其中的许多工作。最近，向51个联邦政府机构调查了同一个问题：是否聘用有英语学位文凭而却没有受过专门行业训练的大学毕业生，88%的这些联邦政府单位的回答是肯定的。主修英语的毕业生能胜任联邦政府的一系列工作，从索赔审议到外交官再到公路安全管理专家等等。再说，那些要求高薪高位的人可能还需要参加一种考试，这就是，联邦政府每年都要举行的“业务和管理职业考试”借此对大约10 000种工作岗位的求职者进行考核，而测试的焦点仍然是语言技能：理解、分析、阐述、理解概念间逻辑关系的能力，以及解决用文字表述问题的能力。毫不奇怪，主修英语的学生时常在这一考试中获得高分。
简而言之，英语的课程既无局限性又很实用：学习英语是对职业生涯的绝好准备。
U5华尔街反人类的经济罪行
美国国际集团的金融家们得到了千百万美金的奖金，因为他们的薪酬合同是基于他们完成 的交易量而
非这些交易产生的后果。一位32岁的按揭贷款经纪人告诉我：“我觉得我的工作就 是签订交易??，至于交易的后果——那是他们的事，与我无关。”很多很多的商务高管们攫 取了高额奖金，虽然他们撕裂了世界经济，造成千万亿美金的损失，使千百万的人的生活支离 破碎。他们全然漠视处于这场危机核心的是令人恐惧的对人的摧残。
每天的经济新闻都让我不断想起45年前汉娜·阿伦特在耶路撒冷为《纽约人》报作战犯审 判报道时，她对纳粹战犯阿道夫·艾希曼的剖析。阿伦特剖析了盲从与恶行之间奇特的“相互 依存”，并试图以她的著名论断“平庸之恶”来捕捉这一点。阿伦特发现艾希曼“既不是道德 败坏，也不是残酷成性”，而是“非常可怕的正常。”
远离现实
他是新型犯罪，是“行政大屠杀”的参与者，“在他实际上不知道或未察觉自己正在做错 事的情况下”犯下了罪行。艾希曼别无动机，只是阿伦特所描述的“一种超乎寻常的寻求个人 升迁的勤奋而已??他从来没有意识到他在做什么。”阿伦特得出了这样的结论：“这种远离 现实的心理和这种无思想的盲从会胜过所有的邪恶本性，从而引发出更大的惨祸，而这一点事 实上恰是我们可以在耶路撒冷汲取的教训。”
诚然经济危机不是大屠杀，但我敢说，这场经济危机源于一种总是生产出类似疏离与盲从 的商业模式，并因个体道德判断的普遍性缺失而进一步恶化。随着我们对金融机构内的这种行 为的加深了解，我们看到几乎所有的人都接受了一种不计后果的体制，它奖赏交易却拒绝为这 些交易的后果承担责任。银行家、经纪人和金融专家们都是这种以自我为中心的商业模式的心 甘情愿的参与者，该模式只颂扬有益于机构内部人员的做法，却不把机构以外的其他人当作人 看而疏离他们。
此种制度化的自恋和对“其他人”的蔑视在次级抵押贷款行业及其衍生而来的投资业得到 了终极的显现。有太多的案例显示，贷款人或投资者面临的明显风险却只是被视为无人应该对 其负责的外部因素。从来没有想到过会有这样的人，他们的家庭会面临被迫舍弃房屋的困境，会有退休者陷入养老金风险的无底深渊。那些体制内部的人是看不见这种困苦的：它太遥远 了，从而实际上是不存在的。
缺乏同情心
当处于战争状态时，由于情感上的疏离，人们更易于依据自己狭隘的个人利益而行事，缺 乏通常的同情心。同情心能让我们察觉到他人的痛苦，是我们之所以为人的标志。自恋的商业 模式提供了现代的“情景”，促使个体无视自己的抉择的恶果，由此铺就了一条通往全方位的 行政经济大屠杀的道路。
阿伦特认为，艾希曼的审判给世界传递了一条信息，即个体必须为其判断承担责任，即使 他们 “盲目地”顺应了无良组织制度的情景。这条信息并不仅仅局限于难以形容的大屠杀的恐 怖行径。它也与任何情况下个体判断与制度程序之间的关系相关联。这条信息说：你不能把自 己做下的坏事简单地归咎于体制。然而让世界为之惊愕的是，成千上万受托掌管我们金融福祉 的男男女女们却全面系统地违背了文明行为的基本标准。他们无力辨别对与错。他们要么根本 不判断，要么就根本不按自己的判断行事。这丧失底线的行为才让公众对离谱的奖励行为的每 次披露都怒不可遏。公众的愤怒并不是渴望复仇，而是在反抗这个平庸之恶。
公众的愤慨是道德感的反应，它的着眼点比那些为保护自立经营的商业伎俩而设置的法律 更深刻，也更真实。现今，人们的呼声是去找回属于我们的群体，回到人们能由己及人辨别对 错的地方。公众需要——不，要求——我们的领导者们来重新审视自己的能力和义务，判断出 什么才是正确的做法，即便那会意味着要面对法律诉讼和发怒的银行家们。
现在，有关千百万的人生死存亡的安全感已处于危险境地或被彻底摧毁。在这场价值堕落 的浪潮中，没有谁会是安全的，而引发这场价值堕落浪潮的正是这个以自我为中心的商业模式 的平庸之恶以及那些不问是非、缺乏道德判断的参与者们。留给资本主义继承人的迫切教训通 过所有的新闻标题正在发生效应：没有“他人”，只有我们。本应属于“他们的”伤害现在却 成为了全世球范围的共有磨难。
这场经济危机已经显现出越来越多的诈骗、利益冲突、漠视困苦、推卸责任和个体道德判 断的全面、系统性的缺失，这一切就制造出了一个行政经济大屠杀，其涉及面之大足以构成反 人类的经济罪行。
第五篇：大学英语四册test1passage two翻译参考
Do animals have rights? Do trees? Do humans have an obligation to behave ethically(合乎道德地)to rivers? To rocks? Viruses? The entire planet?
动物有自己的权利吗？树有自己的权利吗？ 人类有责任义务尊重江河，岩石，病毒，以及整个地球万物吗？
As this century draws to a close, these are not merely questions for abstract philosophical debate but, as Roderick Frazier Nash points out in The Rights of Nature, issues of intense interest to theologians(神学家), lawyers, legislators and even scientists.Radical environmentalists are already demanding that legal and ethical protection be extended to all of nature, and a few of them have demonstrated a willingness to fight, break the law and even die in support of this belief.随着这个世纪即将结束，这不只是抽象的哲学辩论的问题，而是如纳什在“大自然权利”中指出的神学家、律师、立法者，甚至科学家都有强烈兴趣的议题。激进的环保主义人士已经要求将法律和伦理的保护延伸到整个自然界，他们其中一部份人士已经向我们证明了愿意为了支持这种信念去抵抗和违反法律，甚至可以为此去牺牲的意志。
As described by Nash, the circle covered by the ethical rules governing individual and social behavior has expanded slowly and irregularly throughout history.Starting by granting rights to themselves, humans gradually enlarged the circle to include the family, the tribe, the nation and, in theory if not in practice, the entire community of human beings.When Thomas Jefferson wrote that all men were created equal and entitled to certain unalienable(不可剥夺的)rights, it was understood he was talking only about white males.Since the American Revolution, however, the right to ethical treatment has been extended, at least by law and social consensus, to include women and ethnic(民族的)minorities
正如纳什所描述的，纵观整个历史，规范个人和社会行为的道德准则所涵盖的圈子延伸（扩展）地缓慢而且无规律可循。从授予自己权力开始，人类逐渐地扩大圈子至家庭、民族、国家以及就算不是实际最起码在理论上包括整个人类社会。托马斯杰斐逊曾写道人人生而平等并且被赋予某些不可剥夺的权利，他所谈论的被解读为只包括白种族的男性。然而，因为美国独立战争的爆发，人道对待的权力范围被扩大了，至少在法律和社会共识方面囊括了女性和少数民族。
The next page in this historyis now being written, Nash believes.For a growing number of people throughout the world but particularly in the United States, the belief is taking root.将道德和法律（所赋予）的权利向动、植物以及自然界的其他扩展的新的历史篇章正在被书写，纳什认为。因为全世界越来越多的人（持这种信念）特别是在美国，这种信念正在深入人心。
The idea that nature has rights and is entitled to ethical consideration is
not a new one.Some Eastern religions define humans as only part of a great chain of being.But in the Christian tradition of the West, man was created to master nature, not to be part of it.认为大自然有权利有资格得到伦理考量的思想并不是一个新鲜事物。一些东方宗教仅仅把人类定义为存在巨链的一部分。但是在西方的基督传统里，人类却被看作是为征服自然而生而不是自然的一部分。
However, as environmentalism has evolved as a social movement in recent years, Nash says, the concept of liberating nature from persecution by humanity has gained followers.U.S.law, he notes, provides legal protection to animals and plants through the Endangered Species Act and the Marine Mammals Protection Act.Nash points to the increasingly aggressive positions of so-called deep environmentalists and other radicals who insist that nature has intrinsic(固有的)and unalienable rights that have nothing to do with its value to people.Some of these radicals have thrown themselves before bulldozers to protect virgin forests and chained themselves to rocks on a river bank to prevent the river from being dammed.然而，近年来随着环境保护论逐渐形成一种社会运动，纳什说，从人类的迫害中解脱大自然的理念已经得到追随者。纳什提到，美国通过《濒危物种法》和《海洋哺乳动物保护法》为动植物提供法律保护。纳什指出那些所谓的深环境保护主义者和其他坚持认为自然拥有固有的和不可剥夺的权利的激进分子渐增的咄咄逼人的立场与自然拥有的价值毫无关系。一些激进分子把自己置身于推土机前来保护原始森林以及把自己绑在河岸的礁石上去阻止在江河上建坝。
For the most part, Nash takes no position on questions of ethical duties.Only in an epilogue(跋), does he indicate where his sympathies lie.Just as the antislavery radicals in the early part of the 19th century were scorned(嘲笑)for insisting that slaves were human beings with rights, today's radical environmentalists are often laughed at for suggesting that nature is “the latest minority deserving a place in the sun of the American liberal tradition,”he says.But with the groundwork now laid for“mass participation in environmentalism,” Nash believes, there is a real possibility of serious confrontation with those who profit from exploitation of the environment.就大部分而言，纳什在道德责任问题上并不持立场。只是在文章的最后，他的确表明他所赞同的地方。正像19世纪早期反奴隶制的激进分子坚持认为奴隶是有权利的人而被嘲讽一样，今天的环保激进分子也常因为提出自然是“最新的应在美国自由主义传统的阳光下得到一份席位的少数群体”而受到嘲笑，他说。但是以现在奠定的基础等“更多的人参与到环保的行列中来”，纳什认为，与从开发环境中获利的人有一场严重冲突是很有可能的。
”If this situation, with its intellectual and political similarities to American before the Civil War, promises once again to endanger domestic peace,“
Nash warns, ”it is not the fault of history."
“如果这种和国内战争之前的美国具有知识和政治相似性的情况预示着（显示出）再一次危及国内和平。”纳什警告说，“那将不是历史的错。”
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