新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit 2 词汇讲解+例句解析

第一篇：新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit 2 词汇讲解+例句解析

 clutter n.杂乱;混乱;喧嚣 =mess vt.使凌乱;乱糟糟地堆满

vi.乱哄哄地跑;发出吵闹声

Empty soft-drink cans clutter the desks 空饮料罐胡乱地堆在桌上。 await vt.await one’s return

vi.wait for sb/ wait to do sth. vehicle n.[C]交通工具；车辆（vehicles）

vehicle for Her art became a vehicle for her political beliefs.艺术成了她表达政治信仰的工具。

 efficiency(a.efficient-inefficient ad.efficiently)n.To increase our working efficiency, it is necessary to take advantage of every moment we have.为了提高工作效率，我们必须分秒必争。 embarrass

(a.embarrassed)vt.& vi.（使）窘迫，（使）局促不安;（使）困难 His clumsiness embarrassed him

他因自己的笨拙而感到尴尬。

I felt embarrassed, going to the wrong classroom on the first day of college. rust n.铁锈;锈病，锈菌;荒废，停滞;锈，锈色 vt.& vi.（使）生锈;[植]害锈病;变钝，荒废 If I rest, I rust.如果我休息，我就会生锈。 blade n.桨叶;刀片，剑  tube n.[C]管，管状物;地铁;电视机(the tube)a tube of toothpast（牙膏）

go down the tube/tubes 失败，落空 vt.把…装管;把…弄成管状;用管输送 vi.乘地铁;不及格  paste n.面团;糨糊;酱

vt.粘贴，张贴;以…覆盖于  polish v.磨光;润色;擦光;修改

n.擦亮剂;擦亮，磨光;优美,精良

Your essay is good;you just need to polish it a bit.你的文章不错，只要稍加润色就可以了。 trash(trashes)n.垃圾，废物;废话;社会渣滓

vt.废弃;拆毁;搞垮，贬低;从…上除去细枝或枝条 The yards are overgrown and cluttered with trash.院子里杂草丛生，垃圾成堆。 dump

vt.倾倒;倾销;丢下，卸下;摆脱，扔弃

vi.突然跌倒或落下;卸货;转嫁（责任等）dump on sb.亏待 n.垃圾场;仓库;无秩序地累积 The walled garden was used as a dump. match（matches mismatched）n.比赛;火柴;对手;相配的人（或物）vt.相同;适应;使较量;使等同于

vt.& vi.使相配，使相称 match up /up to He was watching a football match. purple(purple-purplest)adj.紫色的;帝王的;词藻华美的 n.紫色;帝位，皇权;皇族 vt.使成紫色 vi.变紫

She wore purple and green silk.(绸缎) closet n.壁橱，密室;贮藏室

adj.隐蔽的，暗藏的;不公开的;秘密的，私下的;空谈的 vt.把…关在房间里

come out of the closet 公开承认秘密 He went to the water closet. comic

adj.喜剧的;连环画的;滑稽的，好笑的 n.连环漫画;喜剧演员;滑稽人物;滑稽新闻 The novel is comic and tragic.(喜中带泪) fiction（a.fictional v.ictionalize fictions）n.小说

Diana is a writer of historical fiction. romantic(romanticism ad.romantically)adj.浪漫的，谈情说爱的，n.浪漫主义作家

He has a romantic view of rural society. historical

(historically)adj.历史的;基于史实的

Diana is a writer of historical fiction. beloved(s)adj.亲爱的

n.心爱的人He takes his beloved into his arms  stuff n.材料，原料 do your stuff 露一手

not give a stuff一点也不在乎 vt.塞满;填塞;让吃饱 vi.吃得过多

stuff with/to/into/under I stuffed my hands in my pockets. sack n.麻袋;洗劫

vt.解雇;把…装进袋里;掠夺 sack out 入睡

He got the sack for laziness. stack n.垛，干草堆;（一排）烟囱;层积;整个的藏书架排列stacks of money 一大堆钱vt.& vi.堆成堆;堆起来或覆盖住;洗牌作弊

stack up

He ordered them to stack up pillows（枕头）behind his back stack against比得上  plague[pleɪg]

n.瘟疫;灾害，折磨

vt.使染瘟疫;使痛苦，造成麻烦 a fresh outbreak of plague（鼠灾）

 clumsy（n.clumsinessclumsilly clumsier –clumsiest）adj.笨拙的;复杂难懂的;得罪人的

I'd never seen a clumsier, less coordinated boxer 我从没见过更笨拙、动作更不协调的拳击手。 charity(charities)n.慈善（行为）;慈善机关;宽容

My mum was very proud.She wouldn't accept charity. band n.带;乐队;衣带;价值

vt.给…镶边;用带绑扎;（将价格、收入等）划分档次;把…联合起来 vt.& vi.结合起来，伙同 vi.聚集，联合（起来）（通常与together 连用）She’s a singer with a band.A band of light glowed in the space between floor and door.一缕阳光 Bands of 成群结队  curl

n.一绺鬈发;卷曲物;螺旋状物;（指头发）拳曲 vt.& vi.（使）弯曲;（使）卷曲

curl up

Smoke was curling up the chimne.烟从烟囱里袅袅升起。a curl of smok一缕青烟

 curler 卷发的人；卷发夹

 strain vt.& vi.扭伤;用力拉

n.血统，家族;性格，脾气 She was tired and under great strain  haul vt.& vi.拖，拉 n.拖;大批赃物

He hauled himself to his feet. donation n.捐款;捐赠物

to make a donation to charity Charities appealed for donations of food and clothing for victims of the hurricane. Curb n.限制，抑制

vt.制止，束缚;在…处设井 He curbed his temper. Sore(soreness)adj.疼痛的;使人伤心的;恼火的，发怒的 n.（肌肤的）痛处，伤处

 ridiculous(n.ridiculousness ridiculously)adj.可笑的，荒谬的

It is ridiculous to suggest we are having a romance.暗示我们正在谈恋爱的说法真是太荒谬了。 toss vt.& vi.（轻轻或漫不经心地）扔;（使）摇荡;摇匀;（为…）掷硬币决定 n.猛仰头（尤指表示恼怒或不耐烦）;（尤指比赛或游戏中）投掷 not give a toss 毫不在意 argue the toss 无谓的挣扎

It would be better to decide it on the toss of a coin. strip(stripped)vi.剥光 vt.除去，剥去 n.长条，条板

The children were brazenly stripping off and leaping into the sea. craft(craftsman 工匠crafty狡猾的)n.手艺;船;飞行器;诡计 vt.手工制作;精巧地制作 All the craft were sunk. clip(clipped)n.修剪;（塑料或金属的）夹子;回纹针;剪报 vt.& vi.用别针别在某物上；修剪 She took the clip out of her hair. item n.项目;条，条款;一则;一件商品（或物品）adv.又，同上

There was an item in the paper about him. emotional（n.emotion（s）emotionally）adj.表现强烈情感的;令人动情的;In an emotionally charged speech, he said he was resigning.在一次煽情的演讲中，他说他要辞职。 bug n.昆虫;陷，瑕疵;细菌，病菌;窃听器（bugging电子窃听装置）vt.在…装窃听器;打扰 vi.变大;凸出

There is a bug in the software.软件有漏洞。bug off 滚开  reverse vt.（使）反转;（使）颠倒 vi.倒退

adj.反面的;颠倒的 n.倒转;倒退;失败

Another car reversed out of the drive. token n.象征;记号;代币

adj.象征性的;作为对某事的保证的;作为标志的 vt.预兆

Some of the older telephones still only accept tokens.一些较老式的电话机仍然只收代币。

第二篇：新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit 7教案

Unit 7, Book One

Section A: When honesty disappears 1.Teaching Objectives: To discuss some social phenomenonabout dishonesty To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill 2.Time Allotment: Section A(3 periods): 1st---2nd period: Pre-reading activities(theme-related questions for warming up;)While-reading activities(cultural notes;useful words and expressions;

difficult sentences)rd3period: While-reading activities(text structure;main ideas)Post-reading activities(comprehension questions;exercises)4th periods: Practice of the reading skill(reading for the key idea in a sentence);T checks on Ss’ home reading by asking questions based on the passage.T explains some difficult sentences Section B(1period):

3.Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Show them some pictures on the screen, and ask them: 1.What does each picture depict? 2.What are the common problems these pictures expose? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1)Problem Part 2(para.2-4)Causes and Solutions Part 3(Para.5-6)Evaluation Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

Purpose: Train the Students’ ability of understanding and using foreign language.Method: Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method.1.(Para.1)not to mention sth.更不用说某事了

All they have to do is pressing a button, and they can seeshows of every kind, not to mention the latest exciting football match.他们只需按一下开关就可以看到各种各样的文艺节目。至于最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。2.(Para.1)rip off盗窃

He was arrested by the police for ripping off a watch after he walked into the store.他被警察抓了，因为他走进商店后偷了一块手表。

3.(Para.2)exaggerate: v.make sth.seem better, larger, worse, etc.than it really is 夸大；夸张；言过其实

Shelly admitted that she did sometimes exaggerate the difficulty of her job.谢莉承认，她有时候确实夸大了自己的工作难度。4.(Para.4)cope with（成功地）处理

To my delight, he was able to cope with the stress of his study.令我高兴的是，他能够处理学习的压力。5.(Para.4)Launch / wage a campaign发起一场运动

To improve the staff’s comprehensive quality, the company launched a massive educational campaign.为了提高员工的综合素质，该公司发起了一场大规模的教育运动。

6.(Para.4)plagiarism: n.[U] when sb.uses another person’s words, ideas, or work and pretends they are their own 剽窃；抄袭

More than half of the teachers in the survey said they thought plagiarism from the Internet was a serious offense.7.(Para.4)all but: everything or everyone except sth.or sb.除…外全部

All but one of the passengers were killed in the accident.除了一个乘客外，其他人都在这起事故中丧生。

8.(Para.4)reveal：vt.Make known sth.that was previously secret or unknown 揭示；揭露；透露 Many women do not want to reveal their true age in front of others.很多女性不愿意在别人面前透露自己的真实年龄。

9.(Para.6)be confined to sth.局限于···

For the young, the hunger for knowledge is strong, and it is not confined to any time or place.年轻人对知识的渴望是非常强烈的，并不受任何时间或地域的限制。10.(Para.6)descend into …陷入···状况

They have taken effective measures so as to prevent the city from descending into chaos and bloodshed.他们采取了有效措施，阻止了整个城市陷入混乱和流血。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.As numerous accounts of cheating, lying, and fraud crowd our newspaper pages and TV news, it seems that honesty is a rapidly vanishing value.(Para.1)Meaning: From our newspapers and TV news, we read countless reports about people cheating, lying, and deceiving.Honesty as a valuable merit seems to be disappearing quickly.2.But are these reports truly accurate or do they exaggerate the situation?(Para.2)Meaning: But are these reports correct and exact or do they make the situation look worse than it really is? 3.If this is indeed the case, it’s deeply troubling as today’s students are tomorrow’s leaders!(Para.2)

Meaning: If such a situation does exist, it is very worrying because today’s students will become leaders in the future!4.Modern students who want to fake a term paper don’t have to browse long.(Para.3)Meaning: Nowadays, students don’t need to spend a long time “stealing” online papers and ideas to be used in their own term paper.5.Long ago, all American schoolchildren knew the historical story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he had overcharged a customer.(Para.5)Meaning: According to historical records, Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he had overcharged a customer.The story with its moral virtue has been passed on from generation to generation.The author uses this story to show what he is to convey in this article.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.Travelers ripped off so many towels last year that it cost a major hotel chain $3 million to replace them.Especially troubling are the reports that dishonesty is increasing amongst student populations around the world.去年一年，一家大型连锁酒店的大量毛巾被游客偷走，酒店因此花费了300万美元来添置新毛巾。尤其令人担忧的是，世界范围内有关学生不诚实行为的报道越来越多。

Sb.did sth../ sth.happened.Especially troubling / surprising/annoying are the reports / facts that…用于表达“表述一种更令人担忧/吃惊/烦恼的现象或者事实感受”。

应用： 投币坐车本来是给市民提供方便，然而仅一个月公交公司收就收到很多的残币，更令人气愤的是仅假钞的数额就多达三万元。

The use of slot machine was aimed at facilitating the citizens, but within one month alone the public bus company received lots of incomplete coins.Especially irritating is the fact that fake money alone amounted to 30,000 Yuan.2.Some people worry that the Internet, once hailed as the ultimate learning tool, could become the best aid yet for cheating.有些人担心，曾经被奉为最棒的学习工具的互联网会成为作弊者最得力的帮手。

Sth., once hailed as sth., could become sth.用于表达“表述一种事物或者一个人今昔境况的对比”。

应用：曾经是一位美国警察，被称赞为英雄，现被控告有强奸等几项罪名，已被抓捕。A former US police officer, once hailed as a hero, has been arrested and charged with rape and other crimes.3.Whether discovered or not, dishonesty has an undesirable effect on anyone who practices it.不管是否会被发现，不诚实都会给任何一个作弊者带来不利影响。

Whether discovered or not(whether conscious or unconscious), sth.will have an effect on sb.用于表达“表述不管在什么情况下某事都可能产生影响”。

应用1：不管是否被查出，剽窃他人的思想会对一个人的名声造成坏的影响，甚至会毁了前程。

Whether checked out or not, presenting another person’s ideas as one’s own may have bad effect on his name or even damage his future.应用2：不管承认与否，今天，我们学会了追赶时间，却没有学会耐心等待；我们拥有的财富越来越多，道德品质却日益沦丧。

Whether admit it or not, today we’ve learned to rush, but not to wait;we have higher incomes, but lower morals.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.In some universities, students are asked to sign an Honesty Declaration in the exam.Do you think this is an effective way to prevent cheating? Why or why not?

2.Sometimes people tell white lies to avoid hurting others’ feelings.Should these people be considered honest or dishonest?

3.Sometimes doctors do not tell the truth to their patients about their conditions.Do you approve of this practice? Why or why not? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write a speech or essay entitled with What Steals Our Leisure Time.You may apply as many expressions from the text as possible to your writing.

第三篇：新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit 8教案

Unit 8, Book One

Section A: Gender variables in friendship:

Contradiction or not? 1.Teaching Objectives: To talk about gender differences in friendships To understand the text’s structure and main idea To learn phrases and patterns from the text To master contrast paragraph writing skill 2.Time Allotment: Section A(3 periods): 1st---2nd period: Pre-reading activities(theme-related questions for warming up;)While-reading activities(cultural notes;useful words and expressions;

difficult sentences)rd3period: While-reading activities(text structure;main ideas)Post-reading activities(comprehension questions;exercises)4th periods: Practice of the reading skill(reading for the key idea in a sentence);T checks on Ss’ home reading by asking questions based on the passage.T explains some difficult sentences Section B(1period):

3.Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1.How do you understand friendship? 2.Have you ever noticed any gender differences in your friendship with others? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1)Introduction: The “movie” memories I have of my female friends and male friends are completely different.Part 2(para.2-4)Examples Part 3(Para.5-6)Conclusion: gender differences in my communication styles and the explanation Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea

of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

Purpose: Train the Students’ ability of understanding and using foreign language.Method: Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method.1.(Para.1)be sensitive to对······敏感

In this highly globalized world, failure to be sensitive to new information technology will lead to loss of golden opportunity for a nation’s development.在当今高度全球化的世界中，对新兴信息技术不敏感将会导致一个国家错失发展良机。2.(Para.1)make up for补偿；弥补

It’s a universaltruth that diligence can makeupfor one’s intelligence.勤能补拙是普遍真理。

3.(Para.2)steer: v.control the direction in which a vehicle moves 掌舵；驾驶

Our garage door isn’t very wide and it’s quite difficult to steer the car through it.我们的车库门不是很宽，要把车开进去有点儿困难。4.(Para.3)pull away驶离；开走

A typical scene of seeingpeopleoff is like this: people are wavingeachothergoodbye with tears in their eyes while the train slowly pullsaway.送别的一个典型场景是：随着火车缓缓开动，人们眼中含着热泪相互挥手告别。5.(Para.4)in a...light以······角度

To be creative, we should learn to see things in a different light 要想具有创造力，我们应当学会从不同的角度看待事物。6.(Para.5)prove to be被证明是

Anger is one of those things that truly prove to be a double-edged sword.愤怒属于真正被证明为双刃剑的事物之一。7.(Para.5)be determined to do下定决心做

There is nothing that cannot be achieved with adeterminedheart.有志者事竟成。

7.(Para.6)be born with天生就有

Successful people are those who manage to make the most of the qualities they are born

with.成功人士能够将自己与生俱有的品质发挥到极致。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.When I think of my good friends, I see them in cinematic terms.(Para.1)Meaning: When I think about my good friend in the past, I remember them like I am seeing a movie.2.In comparison, memories of male friends are in an entirely different film altogether(Para.1)Meaning: Compared with my memories of female friends, my memories of male friends are completely different.3.My mind retreats back to my earliest childhood friend, Donald.(Para.2)

Meaning: My mind goes back to the days I spent with my first childhood friend, Donald.4.But the steering wheel was intact.(Para.4)Meaning: But the steering wheel was not damaged.5.In my panic, I suddenly realized how much I loved my friend Jessica, and what an irreplaceable friend she was.(Para.4)6.Much to my relief, research shows that I am, indeed, a “normal guy”.(Para.6)Meaning: I feel great comfort because research shows that I’m actually a man who’s behaving normally.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：.The movie memories I have of female friends are open and intimate.In comparison, memories of male friends are in an entirely different film altogether.我对女性朋友的“电影式”记忆是开放的、亲密无间的。相比较而言，我对男性朋友的记忆是完全不同的一部影片。

Statement of one thing.In comparison, sth.else is(in an)entirely different(film altogether)用于比较“两个完全不同的事物”。

应用：一些人总是抱怨生活艰辛、工作压力大。与之相比，有些人却完全不同。他们充满了正能量，总是乐观对待人生。

Some people are always complaining about the hardships of life and the pressure from work.In comparison, there are others who are entirely different.They are full of positive energy and are

always optimistic about life.2.A recent occurrence made me reexamine and interpret my behavior in a new light.最近发生的一件事让我从新的角度重新审视和解释我的行为。

A recent occurrence / accident, etc.made one reexamine / rethink / reflect on sth.in a new light.用于表达“对事物的新的审视、思索和认识”。

应用：最近被爱德华·斯诺登揭露的棱镜门事件使全世界人民对国家安全与个人隐私保护问题进行了辩论以及反思。

The recent Prism Gate scandal disclosed by Edward Snowden has made people all over the world debate and reflect on the issue of national security versus protection of personal privacy.3.With women, I could be open, emotionally honest, and transparent.With male friends, it seemed impossible to express caring feelings no matter how deep the friendship was.和女性朋友在一起，我可以是开放的、真情流露的、直截了当的。但和男性朋友在一起时，不管我们之间的友情多深，我似乎都无法表达对对方的关爱之情。

With sb., one be / do ….With sb.else, it seemed impossible to be / do …(one be / do …).用于表达“某人对待不同人或事物的截然不同的态度或做法”。

应用：对待同志要像春天般的温暖。对待敌人要像严冬一样残酷无情。

With comrades, we should be gentle as the warm spring.With enemies, we should be cruel as the freezing winter.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.How do you choose a friend? What qualities should your friends have? 2.Can the older generation be true friends with the younger generation? Why? 3.What do you think cause the differences in behavior and communication stylesbetween men and women? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write an essay on the topic “traditional shopping versus online shopping” by following the writing pattern of the text.

第四篇：新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit 6教案

Unit 6, Book One

Section A: To work or not to work-That is the question 1.Teaching Objectives: To talk about the effects of part-time employment To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill 2.Time Allotment: Section A(3 periods): 1st---2nd period: Pre-reading activities(theme-related questions for warming up;)While-reading activities(cultural notes;useful words and expressions;

difficult sentences)rd3period: While-reading activities(text structure;main ideas)Post-reading activities(comprehension questions;exercises)4th periods: Practice of the reading skill(reading for the key idea in a sentence);T checks on Ss’ home reading by asking questions based on the passage.T explains some difficult sentences Section B(1period):

3.Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1.Why do some students like to take part-time jobs?

2.What problems will students face with when they take part-time jobs? 3.What suggestions will you put forward toward students planning to work part-time? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1)Research methods Part 2(para2-4)Research findings Part 3(Para.5-8)Explanations for the negative effects Part 4(Para.9)Conclusion of the research Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

Purpose: Train the Students’ ability of understanding and using foreign language.Method: Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method.1.(Para.1)contrast with与„形成对比；和„相对照

The experts also contrasted smokers with non-smokers, on different indicators of their commitment to conduct.专家们还对比了吸烟者和不吸烟者在行动力投入程度方面的不同指征。2.(Para.2)interfere with妨碍；阻止

Sharpening the axe will not interfere with the cutting of firewood.磨刀不误砍柴工。

3.(Para.3)take a / its toll on对„产生不良影响

The difficult curriculum, and fierce competition have taken a serious toll on students’ physical and mental health.高难度的课程和激烈的竞争严重影响了这些学生的身心健康。4.(Para.4)cut back on削减；缩减

Experts suggest that as the concentration of PM2.5 in the air exceeds 200, the general population should cut back on the social and recreational activities.专家建议当大气中的可入肺颗粒物浓度超过200时，一般人群最好减少外出社交和娱乐活动。

5.(Para.7)drop out退学；辍学；退出；脱离

We should help those students who have dropped out of school because of poverty, enabling them to return to school.我们应该帮助那些由于贫困而失学的学生，使他们重返学校。

6.(Para.8)be accustomed to doing sth.习惯于做某事

Love is mutual, which needs to pay, also wants to harvest.We, as parents, please do not be blindly accustomed to paying for our children.爱是相互的，它需要付出，也要去收获。作为家长的我们，千万不要一味习惯为孩子付出爱。

7.(Para.9)contribute to促成，造成（某事发生）Animal fats and sugar contribute to a weight problem and can be a factor in heart disease.动物脂肪和糖会导致体重增加，而且可能是引起心脏病的一个因素。8.(Para.9)hold on to继续感到；仍然相信

Thousands of miles apart, we met with quarrels, and sometimes even a cold war, but we still hold on to love.我们相隔千里，有争吵，也有冷战，但我们依然相信爱情。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.There are numerous and reliable ways by which one can measure the impact of employment on student achievement, and we used several in our research(Para.1)Meaning: There are many reliable methods to study how work affects students’ school performance, and we used a few of the methods in our research.2.We have simplified and classified the data and the results are clear: The stakes are high.(Para.2)Meaning: We have processed the data by making them simpler and grouping them into different categories.The research results are clear: The risks for working students are high.3.On the other hand, we also detected a different pattern.Working for approximately 10 hours per week or less seemingly does not take a consistent toll on school performance.(Para.3)Meaning: However, we also found out a different pattern, that is, when students work for about 10 hours or less every week, it does not seem to have a continuous bad effect on students’ school performance.4.In other words, over time, the more students work, the less committed to school they become.(Para.4)Meaning: That is to say, as students work longer hours, they gradually become less devoted to study.5.Over time, as these become established practices, students’ commitment to school is eroded bit by bit.(Para.5)Meaning: Gradually, as these practices of cutting corners have been in use for a long time, students become less and less committed to school.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.Nevertheless, given that half of all employed seniors, about one-third of all juniors, and about one-fifth of all second-year students work above the 20-hour limit, indications are that a large number of students are at risk of compromising their school careers with their part-time jobs.(Para.3, L3)不过，鉴于一半的大四打工学生、约三分之一的大三打工学生、以及五分之一的大二打工学生的打工时间都超过20小时的上限，因此种种迹象表明，有众多学生面临因打零工而危及学业的风险。

Nevertheless, given that …, indications / proofs / investigations are that sb.are at risk of doing sth.用于表达“在某种证据下，某人做某事所产生的风险”。

应用：不过，由于滑坡事件导致18人死亡，因此种种迹象表明，当地政府将面临失去公众信任的风险。

Nevertheless, given that the landslide killed 18 people, indications are that the local authority is at risk of losing the public’s trust.2.In other words, over time, the more students work, the less committed to school they become.换言之，随着时间的推移，学生打工时间越长，他们对学习的投入就越少。

In other words, the more sb.do, the less / more sb.become / do.用于表达“某人做某事产生的相反效果”。

应用： 换言之，他越是坚称自己是无辜的，他们就越不相信他。

In other words, the more he insisted he was innocent, the less they seemed to believe him.3.According to our studies, alcohol and drug use, in turn, may be linked to disengagement from school, and therefore, is likely to depress school performance.我们的研究表明，饮酒和吸毒相应地可能造成学习兴趣减弱，因此很可能导致学习成绩下降。

According to sb.’s studies / surveys / investigations, sth., in turn, may be linked to sth., and therefore, is likely to do sth..用于表达“某事造成的影响”。

应用：他们的调查表明，癌症村的出现和当地不安全的饮水、糟糕的居住环境和空气污染有关，因此很可能增加了疾病的发生。

According to their investigation, the occurrence of cancer villages, in turn, may be linked to the local unsafe drinking water, dirty living conditions and air pollution, and therefore, is likely to create an increase in illness.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.Do you think early employment can build character? Why or why not? 2.Many people believe that the only task of college students is to study hard and they should not spend time on part-time job.What do you think? 3.Do you agree with the author on all the negative impacts of working while studying? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write a report about survey on the effects of part-time employment on students’ performance.You are expected to conduct a survey on university students taking part-time jobs, then summarize your findings and report them to the class.

第五篇：新视野大学英语第一册Unit 5课文翻译

获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）是20世纪70年代末在美国发现的。自那时以来，艾滋病已夺走了20.4万多美国人的生命——其中有一半是在过去几年中丧生的。此外，在100万感染艾滋病病毒的人当中有18.5万人也将在一年内死亡。

被诊断感染艾滋病病毒的人当中有一半是黑人和来自拉丁美洲的美国人。南部农村社区的妇女和青年是数量增长最快的艾滋病患者群体。

尽管数量大得惊人，但联邦和各州政府在实施防止艾滋病蔓延的计划方面行动迟缓。鉴于政府行动不力，许多地方性组织便应运而生了。

南卡罗来纳艾滋病教育网络机构成立于1985年，目的在于防止艾滋病病例数量的增加。和许多地方性组织一样，该组织缺乏资金，这迫使它创造性地使用其资源。为接触更多的社区居民，有些艾滋病教育计划在美发店实施。

美发店老板在顾客进来时向他们散发艾滋病资料，在他们等着头发晾干时，向他们放映有关预防艾滋病的录像片。她还在店里放一些书籍和其他出版物，供顾客等候时阅读。她在工作的同时使许许多多人受到了教育，这一点着实让人赞叹。

最近，这一教育网络机构已开始帮助整个美国东南部的发型设计师们在他们的美发店里实施类似计划。他们也是向学校、社区组织和教堂传播信息的有价值的资源。

这一组织还总结出了一些对其他从事同样工作的团体颇有裨益的方法。尽管还没有一种能战胜艾滋病的方法，但这一网络机构在与艾滋病斗争中获得了以下经验：

以社区居民能接受的方式与他们交谈。

许多社区的居民受教育比例低，这使得向他们散发艾滋病资料、希望他们自己阅读这一做法不切实际。为解决这一问题，需要请一些善于绘画的人来编写适合于教育程度低的居民阅读的艾滋病教育图书。

这些书采用简单的、手工绘制的“忧伤的脸”和“幸福的脸”等图画，说明防止感染艾滋病的方法。这些书也展示一些看上去同那些需要接受教育的人很相似的图片。当居民们看到熟悉的面孔和能够理解的语言时，就会发表更多的议论和看法。这样一来，这些书在使用它们的社区里所产生的影响要比政府出版的书产生的影响大，而政府出版的书籍成本要高出数千美元。

培训青少年去教育自己的同龄人。

由于艾滋病在南部农村地区的青少年当中传播速度最快，发型设计师们设立了一个称为“艾滋病克星”的项目，培训8到26岁的青少年，让他们到社区给同龄人上“艾滋病101”课程。这些青少年使这门课程变得简单易学，在向他们的同龄朋友解释感染艾滋病的危险性时，他们干得比成年人出色得多。他们在帮助父母理解孩子所经受的各种来自于同龄人的压力方面也起着重要作用。

对“存在危险”这一概念重新界定，从而把不同背景、不同婚姻状况的妇女都包括进去。

一位妇女的医生对她说她不存在染上艾滋病的危险，因为她已经结婚，而且不吸毒。这类错误观念困扰着医疗机构。根据疾病控制中心的预测，女性将占感染艾滋病病毒人数的80%。发型设计师们也强调每个人都存在着危险，所以我们每个人都有权保护自己——无论结婚与否。

这些经验不是解决艾滋病危机的唯一方法，但在找到治疗艾滋病的方法之前，教育不失为预防感染艾滋病病毒的唯一安全措施。

和以前其他传染病不同，艾滋病这一传染性疾病有可能夺去一代人的生命，从而使另一代人失去双亲。因而我们决不能让文化、种族和社会的障碍阻止我们专心从事我们必须做的工作。我们也不能因为政府工作效率低而放弃我们的工作。这是一场不宣而战的战争，我们每个人都必须参加，只有这样我们才能取得胜利。我们绝对不能因为谈论艾滋病会使我们感到难受，而听任人们继续被艾滋病夺去生命。每个人都必须成为教育者，必须学会生存。