第一篇:英汉互译常考谚语成语及《论语》重点翻译
直译
冷战:cold war 穿梭外交:shuttle diplomacy 武装到牙齿:Armed to the teeth 君子协定:A gentleman’s agreement 打破纪录:To break the record 特洛伊木马:The Trojan horse 门户开放政策:The open-door police 猫有九命:A cat has nine lives 吠犬不咬人:A barking dog never bites 滚石不生苔:A rolling stone gathers no moss
意译法
上当,被人利用:to be cat’s paws 很不自在:like a fish out of water 生在富贵之家:to be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth
同义习语套用法
笑掉大牙:to laugh off one’s head 猫哭老鼠:to shed crocodile tears 捉襟见肘:to be out at elbows 花钱如流水(挥金如土):to spend money like water 乱七八糟:at sixes and sevens
直译加解释法
没有不带刺的玫瑰(世上没有十全的幸福/有苦必有乐):(There is)no rose without a thorm 老狗学不出新把戏(老顽固不能学新事物):An old dog will learn no new tricks
(you can not teath old dogs new tricks)
膏粱子弟:the children from well-fed families 高屋建瓴:pour water off a steep roof 好狗应该得好骨头(有功者受奖):aAgood dog deserves a good bone
直译联想法
拙匠常怪工具差(不会撑船怪河弯):Bad workmen often blame their tools.笑别人驼背的人得自己先把身子挺直(己不正不正人):He who laughs at crooked men should
need walk very straight.路必有弯/世上没有直路(事必有变/瓦片也有翻身日):It is a long lane that has no turning.意译改造法
一燕不成夏(一花不是春/一木不成林):One swallow does not make a summer.无火不起烟(无风不起浪):no smoke without fire
对联增字法
人有失手日,马有失蹄时/智者千虑,必有一失/老虎也会打盹,好马也会失蹄/再聪明的人也有糊涂时/伟人也不总是聪明的:Graet men are not always wise 好事不出门,坏事传千里:Ill news comes apace.近朱者赤,近墨者黑:He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.等值互借法
山中无老虎,猴子称霸王:Among the blind the one-eyed man is king.英雄所见略同:Great minds think alike.趁热打铁:Strike while the iron is hot.有其父必有其子:Like father,like son.有志者事竟成:Where there is a will,there is a way.成语
人生七十古来稀:The days of our years are three-score years and ten.掌上明珠:the apple of the eye 不露锋芒:hide one’s light under a bushel 旧瓶装新酒:new wine in old bottles 废物/无价值之物:a dead dog 以眼还眼,以牙还牙:eye for eye,tooth for tooth 进退两难/进退维谷/在魔鬼与深海之间:between the devil and the deep sea 死里逃生/幸免于死:escape by the skin of one’s teeth 偷偷摸摸/鬼鬼祟祟:hole and corner 不能依靠的人物/压伤的芦苇:a broken reed 有眼不识泰山/于不察觉中招待了天使:entertain an angel unawares 雷声大雨点小/叫得多,干得几乎没效果:much cry and little wool 拦路虎:a lion in the way 人不为己,天诛地灭/人人为自己,魔鬼抓到最后的:Everyone for himself and the devil take the hindmost 以卵击石/螳臂当车:kick against the pricks 一只老鼠坏了一锅汤:a fly in the ointment 一视同仁:no respecter of person 洗手不干:wash one’s hands of a thing 明珠暗投/对牛弹琴/把珍珠抛给猪:cast pearls before swine 心有余而力不足:The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.分辨良莠/把好人和坏人分开:Separate the sheep from the goats.聪明保险的办法是向大量谋士求计/谋士多,人便安居:In the multitude of counselors there is
safety.百川归海而海不盈:All the rivers run into the sea;yet the sea is not full.赤条条来去无牵挂/因为我们没带什么来到世界上,也不能带什么去:
For we brought nothing into this world,and it is certain we can carry nothing out.干徒劳无益的事(对月亮吠叫):bay the moon 既往不咎(事情干了就算了):What’s done is done.真相终将大白(纸包不住火):Murder will out.同床异梦:strange bedfellows 作法自毙(用炸药来炸翻自己):be hoist with one’s own petard 无事生非,无事自扰:much ado about nothing 情人眼里出西施(爱情是盲目的):Love is blind.在其位不谋其政(占着茅坑不拉屎):a dog in the manger 养虎遗患、姑息恶人,必将受害:cherish a snake in one’s bosom 笑面虎/披着羊皮的狼:a wolf in sheep’s clothing 朝三暮四:blow hot and cold 烽火戏诸侯(发假警报):cry wolf 杀鸡取卵,竭泽而渔:kill the goose that lays the golden eggs
子曰:“学而时习之,不亦悦乎。有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎。人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎。” The Master said, “Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Is he not a man of complete virture, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?”
曾子曰:“为人谋,而不忠乎?与朋友交,而不信乎?传不习乎?” The philosopher Tsang said, “I daily examine myself of three points:--whether,in transacting business for others,I may have been not faithful;--whether,in intercourse with friends,I may have not sincere;--whether,I may have not mastered and practised the instructions of my teacher.”
子曰:“不患人之不己知,患不知人也。” The Master said, ”I will not be afficted at men’s not knowing me,I will be afflicted that I do not know men.”
子曰:“温故而知新,可以为师矣” The Master said, “If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge,so as continually to be acquiring the new, he may be a teacher of others.”
子曰:“见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。” The Master said, ”When we see men of worth,we should think of equaling them,when we see men of a contrary character,we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.”
子曰:“默而识之,学而不厌,诲人不倦” The Master said, “The silent treasuring up of knowledge;Learning without satiety,and instructing others withou being wearied.”
子曰:“……不义而富且贵,与我如浮云” The Master said, ”……Riches and honors acquired by unrighteousness are to me as a floating cloud.”
三人行,必有我师焉。则其善者而从之,其不善者而改之
The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers.I will select their good qualities and follow them,their bad qualities and avoid them.”
子曰:“三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也” The Master said, ”The commander of the forces of a large state may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him.”
子曰:“岁寒,然后知松柏之后凋也” The Master said, “When the year becomes cold,then we know how the pine and the cypress are the last to lost their leaves.”
子曰:“其身正,不令而行,其身不正,虽令不从” The Master said, ”When a prince’s personal conduct is correct,his government is effective without the issuing of orders.If his personal conduct is not correct,he may issue orders,but they will not be followed.”
子曰:“言必信,行必果” The Master said, “They are determined to be sincere in what they say,and to carry out what ther do.”
子曰:“人无远虑,必有近忧” The Master said, ”If a man takes no thought about what is distant,he will find sorrow near at hand.”
子曰“己所不欲,勿施于人”
The Master said, “……What you do not want done to youself,do not do to others.”
子曰:“饱食终日,无所用心,难以哉” The Master said, ”Hard is it to deal with him,who will stuff himself with food the whole day, without applying his mind to anything good!”
老吾老,以及人之老,幼吾幼,以及人之幼
Treat with the reverence due to age the elders in your own family,so that the elders in the families of others shall be similarly treated;treat with the kindness due to youth the young in your own family,so that the young in the families of others shall be similarly treated.”
孟子曰:“天时不如地利,地利不如人和” Mencius said, “Opportunites of time vouchsafed by Heaven are not equal to advantages of situation afforded by the Earth,and advantages of situation afforded by the Earth are not equal to the union arising from the accord of Men.得道者多助,失道者寡助
He who finds the proper course has many to assist him.He who loses the proper course has few to assist him.孟子曰:“饥者甘食,渴者甘饮” Mencius said, ”The hungry think any food sweet,and the thirsty think the same of any drink.”
孟子曰:“养心,莫善于寡欲” Mencius said, "To nourish the heart there is nothing better than to make the desires few…”
第二篇:六年级英语常考的英汉互译
1.名胜古迹1,my的宾格2,Yourself复数
2.乘火车3.wolf 的复数4.they宾格
3.乘飞机5.swim的名词现在分词过去式
4.一座漂亮的城市6;come反义词过去式单三星是
5.一张飞机票7.cheap 反义词8.big反义词
6.照相9.have单三过去式现在分词
7.西湖10.right 反义词11,好主意
8.长城12.同意13.坐轮船
9.一张世界地图14.我们多高兴啊
10.美国15.11.植树16.12.在顶部17.13.自便19.14.玩得高兴20.tall
15.购物篮22.sleep
16.一部中国电影24.buy
17.看电影25.18.友好的27.19.踢足球29.20.教师节31.bookshelves
21.儿童节33.I
22.写信35.do
23.超级市场37.eye
级
24.对。。感兴趣39.is not
25.电视剧41.this
26.丰盛的晚餐42.he
27.使我高兴43.she
28.放学44.29.弹钢琴46.30.借书证Hh
31.怀书
32.续借书47.I can speak English
33.外国的34.一双运动鞋48.Do you like animals
35.在图书馆
36.保护49.I aminterestedinreading(37.动物
39.比如
40.Thankyou答语
41.Popmusic tapesmy penfriend
乘公共汽车
我头疼起床
Grandfather对应词你是怎么到西安来的 我来自甘肃 见带你很高兴18,你多大呢 见到你也很高兴的反义词21.here的同音词现在分词23.one序数词 同音词过去式 第一次26.two序数词同音词 北京动物园28.谈话有帮助的30.挖洞 单数32.let’s完全形式 ’like完全形式34.cherries复数 过去式36.打扫房间 同音词38.good比较级最高缩写形式40.are过去式 复数42.that复数 宾格复数 复数宾格 足球运动员45.一场足球比赛 请续写英语字母大小写 变一般疑问句(作肯定和否定回答)(作肯定和否定回答)变否定句)I aminterestedinreading(变一般疑问句)步行你怎么呢 睡觉五一母亲节
第三篇:高中成语重点常考成语
高中成语重点常考成语[精华&经验] 冰山一角:比喻事物已经显露出来的一小部分。祸起萧墙:灾祸从内部产生。
等而下之:由这一等再往下,指比这一等差。例:名牌货质量还不稳定,~的杂牌货就可想而知了。等量齐观:不管事物间的差异,同等看待,目无全牛:技艺纯熟高超。
教学相长:通过教学,不但学生得到进步,教师自己也得到提高。不名(占有)一文:形容极度贫穷。
身无长物(多余的东西):除自身外,东西极少。指贫穷或节俭。汗牛充栋:形容书很多。
美轮(高大)美奂(华丽):建筑物富丽堂皇。
鳞次(驻扎)栉(梳子的齿)比(挨着):形容建筑物、船只等密集。琳琅满目:各种美好的东西很多(多指书画或工艺品)。
醍醐(牛奶中提炼出来的精华,佛教比喻最高佛法)灌顶:比喻灌输智慧,使人彻底醒悟。
明日(第二天,相对于重阳节而言)黄花(菊花):已经过时的人或物。注意:“昨日黄花”为生造词语。胸无城府(城市和官府):为人坦率真诚。褒义词 登堂入室:学问、技能由浅入深,逐步达到很高的境界。、炙手可热:权势大、气焰盛。贬义词。韦(熟牛皮)编三绝:读书刻苦勤奋。目不窥园:读书治学专心致志。
微言大义:用精微的言辞,阐明深刻的道理。如坐春风:比喻教育得法,受教育者感到愉悦。
如丧考(父亲)妣(母亲):想死了父母一样的伤心和着急。贬义词。
如数家珍:比喻对所讲的事情非常熟悉。错用:他家里收藏了许多老式钟表,谈起这些宝贝,他总是~。(未构成比喻关系)。
如入无人之境:形容作战勇敢,无人敢抵挡。也可用于比赛。
如履薄冰、如临深渊:形容做事极为小心谨慎。也可说成“如履如临”“临深履薄”。注意:不是“危险”的意思。如堕五里雾之中:指遇事不能真切明了,陷入莫名其妙的境地。噤若寒蝉:比喻不敢出声。
安土重(看重)迁:安于乡土,不愿随便迁移。安步当车:安闲地步行,就当做坐车一样。不可理喻:为人固执、蛮横。
萍水相逢:比喻向来不认识的人偶然相遇。相见恨晚:初次相逢,遗憾认识太晚。不胫(小腿)而走:陷入消息传播得很快。得陇望蜀:贪得无厌。
宵衣旰(晚)食、日理万机:陷入勤于政务。
差(稍微)强人意:大体上还能使人满意(用于肯定性的评价)。不足为训(典范、法则):不值得作为典范。
罪不容诛:罪大恶极,杀了都不足以抵罪。近义词有“罄竹难书”“擢发难数”。诛心之论:揭穿动机的批评。褒义词。
吉光片羽:比喻残存的珍贵文物。吉光,传说中的神兽,毛皮为裘,如水数日不沉,如火不焦。曳尾涂(烂泥)中:逍遥自在的生活。晨钟暮鼓:比喻使人警醒觉悟的话。不以为意:不放在心上。
高屋建(倾倒)瓴(盛水的瓶子):形容居高临下的形式。例:党的十大报告~,勾画了未来二十年的蓝图。
鹤发童颜:老年人身体健康。
涣然冰释:疑虑、误会、隔阂等消除。不用于“烦恼”。讳莫如深:隐瞒得很紧。
令行禁止:有令必行,有禁必止。形容法令严正,雷厉风行。另眼相看:特别重视。不同于“冷眼相看”。令人齿冷:令人齿笑。令人发指:形容非常愤怒。
莫衷一是(正确):意见纷纭,不能达成一致。尸位素餐:空占着职位,不做事而白吃饭。虚与委蛇:对人假意敷衍应酬。一蹴(踏脚)而就:形容非常容易。
信笔涂鸦:字写得很糟糕。多用作谦辞。不能用于文章写的不好。行百里者半(以…为一半)九十:做事愈接近成功愈困难。兄弟阋(争吵)墙:比喻内部不和。
为渊驱鱼,为丛驱雀:比喻不善团结人,把可以依靠的力量赶向敌对方。五风十雨:五天吹一次风,十天下一次雨。形容风调雨顺。弹冠相庆:讽刺“一人得道,鸡犬升天”的裙带关系。贬义词。
甘之如饴(麦芽糖):甘愿承受艰难困苦。例:一些浮躁的人视学术研究为畏途,他却~。天花乱坠:比喻说话夸大其词。含贬义。犯而不校(计较):别人冒犯了自己也不计较。唾面自干:逆来顺受,受了侮辱也不反抗。
相濡(润湿)以沫:比喻人们在困境中以微弱的力量互相帮助。
不容置喙:不容许别人插嘴说话。不同于“不容置疑”(不容许有什么怀疑,指真实可信)置之度(考虑)外:不(把安危、生死、利害等)放在心上。不能说成“把老师的批评~” 不忮(嫉妒)不求:不嫉妒、不贪求。为人淡薄。鞭辟入里:形容能透彻说明问题,深重要害。
不稂(狼尾草)不莠(狗尾草):比喻不成材或没出息。同“不郎(平民子弟)不秀(贵族子弟)”。间(中间)不容发(头发):比喻与灾祸相距极近,形势危急。含英(花瓣)咀华:仔细领会诗文精华。
狗尾续貂:无价值的东西接在有价值的东西后面。贬义词。注:贬义词常用作谦辞。食不甘(以…甜)味:形容忧虑不安或操劳忙碌。治丝益棼(纷乱):做事没有头绪,越做越糟糕。生灵(百姓)涂炭(泥沼和炭火):前不能再加“百姓”。数典忘祖:忘掉自己本来的情况。例:台独分子~,人神共愤。饮鸩止渴:未解决目前困难,不计后果。
缘(攀援)木求鱼:做事方法不对,达不到目的。南辕北辙:行动、目的相反。筚路(柴车)蓝缕(即褴褛):驾着柴车,穿着破烂的衣服。形容创业艰辛。语出“筚路蓝缕,以启山林”。怀瑾(美玉)握瑜(美玉):怀有美好的才德。开门揖(拱手行礼)盗:引进坏人,自招祸患。
韬(隐藏)光养晦、不露圭(玉器)角:隐藏才能,不使外露。从善如登,从恶如崩:循正道难,走邪道迅疾容易。城下之盟:兵临城下被迫签订的盟约。激浊扬清:批评坏的,褒扬好的。曲突(烟囱)徙薪:防患未然。白驹过隙:比喻时间过得很快。以邻为壑:比喻把灾祸推给别人。
邯郸学步:比喻模仿不成,反而丧失了原有的技能。三人成虎:谣言传闻多次,使人信以为真。贬义词。
始作俑(殉葬用的陶俑)者:开坏风气的人。贬义。语出“始作俑者,其无后乎?” 耳提面命:比喻谆谆教导。贬义词。濯濯童山:光秃秃的山。
不孚(使…信服)众望:不能使大家信服。与“不负众望”构成反义。改头换面:只改变形式,不改变内容。贬义词。坐怀不乱:男子不贪美色。
侧目而视:形容又怕又恨。不同于“刮目相看”(指进步很大,让人器重)。寅吃卯粮:比喻入不敷出,预先借支。势如破竹:比喻节节胜利,毫无阻碍。褒义。
口传心授:用口用心传授。例:民间艺人大都用~的方式来教徒弟。走马观花:比喻看得不仔细。浮光掠影:比喻印象不深刻。鱼目混珠:比喻以假充真。
休(欢乐)戚(忧伤)相关:彼此之间的忧乐、福祸都关联在一起。错用:成功与情商~。劳(伯劳鸟)燕分飞:比喻情人、夫妻别离。
纵横(合纵和连横)捭(分开)阖(合拢:)在政治、外交上运用手段进行联合或分化。道路以目:面对暴政,敢怒不敢言。空谷足音:比喻难得的音信、言论或事物。草木皆兵、风声鹤唳(叫):形容惊慌疑惧。令人解颐(面颊):让人开颜而笑。
石破天惊:使人震惊。现多用来比喻文章议论新奇惊人。出神入化(化境、妙境):形容技艺达到了绝妙境地。
万人空巷:家家户户的人都从巷子里出来了,多用来形容庆祝、欢迎等盛况。首鼠两端:迟疑不决或动摇不定。
箪食(盛着食物)壶浆:正义的军队受人们欢迎。语出“箪食壶浆,以迎王师” 首当其冲(冲击):首先受到攻击或遭遇灾难。铸剑为犁:化战争为和平。马放南山:比喻不在用兵。中性词。
折冲樽俎:在酒席宴会间制敌取胜,指通过外交谈判取胜。危(正直)言危行:说正直的话,做正直的事。洞(洞察)幽烛(照亮)微:看清事物的幽微精妙之处。
细大不捐(舍弃):大的、小的都不抛弃。指无论大小都要兼收并蓄。
具体(大体)而微:内容大体具备而形状或规模较小。例:缙云山被称为“川东小峨眉”,它真可谓~的峨眉山。
严阵以待:摆好严整的阵势,等待迎击来犯的敌人。期期艾艾:说哈口吃。
西风东渐(浸染):西方文化向东慢慢传播。凤毛麟(麒麟)角:优秀的人或物很少。,言近(浅近)旨(意思)远:语言浅近,意思深远。
鼎力相助:全力相助,用作谦辞。例:这次摆脱困境。承蒙各位~。错用:如果你有困难,我们将~。黄发垂髫:老人和小孩。
光怪陆离:形容现象奇异,色彩繁杂。中性词。焚膏继晷(日影):夜以继日地学习或工作。
求全责(要求)备(完备):苛求人,要求完美无缺。含贬义。注意:应说“对XX~”,不能说成“~XX”。上下其手:比喻玩弄手法,串通作弊。
见仁见智:即“仁者见仁,智者见智”。句中主语应是复数。分庭抗礼:平起平坐,互相对立。
莘莘(众多)学子:前面不能再出现“许多”“一批”等词语。贻笑大方(内行):不能说成“被人~”。
翻云覆雨,朝秦暮楚:小人没有特操,反复无常。
子虚乌有:虚构的或不真实的事情。语出司马相如《子虚赋》。火中取栗:比喻冒险给别人出力,自己上了大当,一无所获。一语破的(箭靶的中心):一句话就说明关键。
豆蔻年华:女子十三四岁。语出杜牧诗“豆蔻梢头二月初,婷婷袅袅十三余。” 一衣带水:仅一水之隔,极其临近。
名山事业:著书立说的事业。语出“藏诸名山,传诸后世”。
指鹿为马:比喻公然歪曲事实,颠倒黑白。与秦二世时奸臣赵高有关。沐猴而冠:猕猴戴帽子。比喻人面兽心。虚有其表。目无下尘(下风,比喻地位低下者):形容态度骄傲。
颐指气使:用面部表情来表示对别人的差遣。形容高人一等的傲慢之态。罚不当(与…相当)罪:多指处罚过重。
因噎(食物堵住喉管)废食:比喻因怕出问题,索性不干。一鳞半爪:比喻零星片段的事物。又作“东鳞西爪”。
雪泥鸿爪:比喻往事所留下的痕迹。又作“飞鸿踏雪”。语出苏轼诗“人生到处知何似?应似飞鸿踏雪泥。泥上偶然留指爪,鸿飞那复计东西。” 瑕瑜互见:比喻有缺点也有优点。
绘声绘色:形容叙述、描写生动逼真。不同于“有声有色”。崭露头角、脱颖而出:突出地显露出才能。用于初出茅庐者。师(军队)出无名:泛指做事没有正当原因。师(以…为师)心自用:固执己见,自以为是。
饮食男女:泛指人的本性。《礼记 礼运》“~,人之大欲存焉”。坂(斜坡)上走(滚动)丸:比喻速度快。又作“如丸走坂”。骨鲠(鱼骨头)在喉:比喻心里有话没说出来,非常难受。~,不吐不快。沆瀣一气:狼狈为奸。
强弩之末:比喻很强的力量已经变得微弱。鸠占鹊巢:比喻强占别人的东西。毁家纾(纾解)难:倾尽家产以解救国难。虚左以待:特意留待他人。
集思广益:集中众人的意见和智慧。褒义词。错用:在本届人代会上,各位代表畅所欲言,~。(“集思广益”的主语应是与会的领导。)正确使用:在人代会前,某某代表深入基层,~,精心准备自己的提案。集腋(狐狸腋下的皮)成裘:比喻积少成多。轩然大波:比喻大的纠纷或风潮。
多闻阙(通“缺”,留着)疑:虽博学多闻,遇到不懂处,仍须存疑。后泛指谦虚谨慎的学校态度。执牛耳:歃血为盟时的主盟者。后泛指在某方面居领导地位。抵(侧手击)掌而谈:谈话投机,非常高兴。
天机云锦:天上织出的锦绣。比喻诗文华美精妙,浑然天成。提要钩玄:著作能举出要义,探索精微。
假(给)以辞色:在说话的态度方面表示友好、器重。捉襟见肘:比喻苦难重重,应付不过来。
薪火相传:比喻学问、技艺代代相传。又作“薪尽火传”。米珠薪桂:形容柴米极贵。
信而有征(迹象):可靠而且有证据。器宇轩昂:形容人气度不凡。又作“气宇轩昂”。大笔如椽:笔力千钧。
起(使…复活)死回生:形容医术或技术高明。错用:经过医生的抢救,病人~。正用:XX有~之术。洛阳纸贵:形容著作很有价值。与西晋左思作成《三都赋》有关。见贤思齐:看到贤明的人就向他学习,想跟他一样。披(分开)沙拣(选择)金:比喻从大量事物中选取精华。泥牛入海:比喻一去不返,杳无音信。
摩顶放(到)踵(脚跟):摩秃头顶、脚跟。形容不辞劳苦。《孟子》“墨子兼爱,~,利天下为之。” 纷纷扬扬:形容雪、花、叶等的飞扬貌。门外汉:对某种知识、技能一窍不通。各执一词:各自坚持片面的观点。
黄钟毁弃,瓦釜雷鸣:比喻“贤士无名,馋人高张”。注意词条与释义的一一照应。神气活现:得意洋洋,态度傲慢。不同于“活灵活现”。金瓯无缺:比喻国土统一完整。和光同尘:指不露锋芒,与世
第四篇:浅析英汉谚语的翻译
浅析英汉谚语的翻译
摘 要 谚语是了解一个国家历史及文化的重要渠道之一,因此谚语的翻译也占有十分重要的地位。本文针对英汉谚语的翻译,提出一些常见的翻译方法、即套译法、直译加注法、直译法、意译法、直译加意译法以及省略法。
关键词 谚语 套译 直译 意译
中图分类号:H315.9 文献标识码:A
0引言
谚语是人类千百年来口耳相传、言简意赅的箴言。它是民间集体创造并广为流传,用于反映深刻道理的语句,是民众丰富智慧和普遍经验的总结。谚语不仅是我们中华民族的结晶,同时在外国也受到广泛应用。但由于人类普遍的社会活动以及思维过程存在一定的共通之处,使得汉英谚语之间存在一定差异的同时又有很多相同点。
1谚语翻译的几种方法
1.1套译法
有些英汉谚语不但有相同的意义和隐喻,并且有相同或相似的形象。这类谚语在翻译时则可以直接套用与之对应的异语谚语即可。例如英语中的Strike while the iron is hot与汉语中的“趁热打铁”即属于此类。再例如,英语中的Walls have ears可直接套用汉语中的成语“隔墙有耳”。
另一类亦可用套用法翻译的谚语不似上述例证所举,它们有相同的意义,却并未用相似的形象作为比喻。例如英语中的It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest可翻译成中文中的“家丑不可外扬”,两者的意义相通,所用形象却截然不同。在英语中使用鸟这种动物以及鸟巢的形象作为隐喻,而中文中的形象则是人类以及人的居所。
1.2直译加注法
很多汉英谚语都暗含典故,如果直接翻译容易为缺乏相关文化背景知识的异国读者所不能理解。而在异国文化中又很难找到与之同出一辙的相同典故或寓意相同的典故,因此在翻译此类谚语时应用直译加注法。谚语“三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮”,最好译成Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang,the mastermind.通过在诸葛亮后加注the mastermind,让不了解中国文化或未曾听说过诸葛亮的读者也能知道诸葛亮智者的代名词。
同一思想内容的谚语,在不同文化中亦具有不同的表达方式。在翻译时采用直译加注法可保留原文的民族特色。例如中国谚语“一个和尚挑水喝,两个和尚抬水喝,三个和尚没水喝”,一般都将其译成One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys no boy.文中的“和尚”一词是有中国特色的文化负载词,直接将其译成boy,其文化意义皆失。
1.3直译法
直译法就是指在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想的条件下,在译文中保留英语谚语的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩的方法。这样做既能较完整地保存原文的表达方式和原文的神韵,又可丰富我们自己的语言文化。80例如“雪中送炭”可直译成to offer fuel in snowy weather,“金钱是万恶之源”可直译为Money is the root of all evil。
另外,由于人类交流和沟通的益频繁在一定程度上减少了不同国家之间的差异性。这在谚语翻译上的体现就是某些带有文化色彩的谚语在翻译时不需要加注也不要转换形象。例如将All roads lead to Rome直接译成“条条大路通罗马”也能为中国读者所理解。
1.4意译法
有些英语谚语从表面上看和汉语谚语比较吻合或比较相似其实寓意很不一致,稍不留意就会歪曲谚语原有的意思。例如Lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen,初看容易让人想到中文里的“亡羊补牢”。可是“亡羊补牢”的后缀是“犹未晚矣”,而原文的意思是为时已晚,两者意思背道而驰。
若在翻译时无法保留原语的字面意义和形象意义,可将原文的形象更换成另一个译文读者所熟悉的形象,从而转达出原文的语用目的,如汉语中的“开门见山”,如果直译成open the door and see the mountain会让异国读者觉得莫名其妙,以为门外即是山。因此,在翻译时就需要用意译的方式翻译成to come direct to the point.1.5直译加意译法
有时在翻译英语谚语时,单纯的直译或意译都不能确切、有效地表达原来谚语的含义。这时可采用直译、意译相结合的方法进行翻译,以弥补直译难达意,意译难传神的不足。例如“无亲无故”若只是直译成without a single relative or friend只是表现了没有亲人的事实而没有表达出那种无依无靠的状况,因此需二者结合,即译成without a single relative or friend to help her out.1.6省略法
省略法多用于中文谚语的英译。中文的谚语多意思上的重复,在翻译成英语的时候为避免重复??嗦需用省略法省去中文中重复的部分。例如中文中形容女子美貌的谚语“沉鱼落雁之容,闭月羞花之貌”,句中的“沉鱼”“落雁”“闭月”“羞花”分指中国古代四大美女,因此在翻译时只需译出其中一个即可,此句可译成Her beauty would put the flowers to shame.若是将四个全译出,则显得过于繁琐。
2结语
谚语是不同文化的智慧结晶,反映各民族独特的风俗和文化。学习谚语不仅可以学习语言本身,同时也能让学生了解该国的历史,文化和风土人情。谚语的翻译不仅要保持原文的思想内容,同时也应尽量保持原文的风格以及其所蕴含的文化内涵。译者应根据实际情况选择不同的翻译方法,使得译文达意确切,自然传神。
第五篇:英语翻译--英汉互译中的谚语巧合
英语翻译--英汉互译中的谚语巧合(1)
来源:翻译界 浏览次数:717 添加时间:2008-4-28 1.After meat, mustard;after death, doctor.雨后送伞
Explanation: this describes a situation where assistance or comfort is given when it is too late.Example: just as I had cancelled my application to go abroad, I had a promise of money for my fare.It was a case of fter death, the doctor.2.After praising the wine they sell us vinegar.挂羊头卖狗肉
Explanation: to offer to give or sell something that is inferior to what you claim it to be.Example: that fellow completely misled us about what he was capable of doing.After praising the wine, he sold us vinegar.3.All is over but the shouting.大势已去
Explanation: finally decided or won;brought to the end;not able to be changed.Example: after Bill’s touch down, the game is all over but shouting.4.All lay load on the willing horse.人善被人欺,马善被人骑
Explanation: a willing horse is someone who is always doing things for others.Very often the implication is that others impose on him.Examples: the trouble is you're too good-natured and people take advantage of it.all lay load on the willing horse.You will have to learn to refuse people who ask too much.5.anger and haste hinder good counsel.小不忍则乱大谋
Explanation: one can not act wisely when one is angry or in a hurry.Example: you should calm down before you decide the next move.Anger and haste hinder good counsel.6.As poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗
Explanation: to be exceedingly poor, having barely to live upon.Example: he has a large family, and is poor as a church mouse.Note: a church is one of the few buildings that contain no food.7.A word spoken is past recalling.一言既出,驷马难追
Explanation: the harm done by a careless word can not easily undo.Example: for the rest of his life he regretted what he had said, but a word spoken is past recalling and he knew he could never repair the damage of that moment of harshness.英语翻译英汉互译中的谚语巧合(2)
来源:翻译界 浏览次数:715 添加时间:2008-4-28 1.World is but a little place, after all.天涯原咫尺,到处可逢君
Explanation: it is used when a person meets someone he knows or is in someway connected with him in a place where he would never have expected to do so.Example: Who would have thought I would bump into an old schoolmate on a trek up Mount Tai.The world is but a little place after all.2.When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗
Explanation: conform to the manners and customs of those amongst whom you live.Example: I know you have egg and bacon for breakfast at home, but now you are on the Continent you will do as the Romans do and take coffee and rolls.3.What you lose on the swings you get back on the roundabouts.失之东隅,收之桑榆
Explanation: a rough way of starting a law of average;if you have bad luck on one day you have good on another;if one venture results in loss try a fresh one---it may succeed.Example: he may always possess merits which make up for everything;if he loses on the swings, he may win on the roundabouts.4.What are the odds so long as you are happy.知足者常乐
Explanation: what does anything else matter if a person is happy.Example: you complain so much, but you have a good family, parents, health, and money.What’s the odd so long as you’re happy.5.Entertain an angel unawares.有眼不识泰山
Explanation: to receive a great personage as a guest without knowing his merits.Example: in the course of evening someone informed her that she was entertaining an angel unawares, in the shape of a composer of the greatest promise 6.every dog has his day.是人皆有出头日
Explanation: fortune comes to each in turn Example: they say that every dog has his day;but mine seems a very long time coming.7.every potter praises his own pot.王婆买瓜,自卖自夸
Explanation: people are loath to refer to defects in their possessions or their family members Example: he said that his teacher considered his work brilliant, but I would rather hear it from his teacher’s own mouth.Every potter praises his own pot