第一篇:英语作文 实事解读
1.大学生读双学位 1.现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见 2.我对这一现象的看法
【范文】
Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college students to have two majors at the same time.In thisway, they can get double BA degrees when they graduate from the university several years later.Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on thewhole.To begin with, most students will become more hardworking and efficient in order to finish the learning taskssatisfactorily.Moreover, with two degrees at hand after graduation, they will stand a better chance in the job market fullof fierce competition.In the third place, as for today's university students, tuition and fees are becoming more andmore expensive.If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem.Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding.This system not only compels students to work hard, but also prepares them for the coming competition.【点评】
首段直接点题,说明现象;第二段分述三个优点,其中首句为让步状语从句,意思是“虽然可能带来负面的后果,但总体上是有益的”;第三段呼应第二段,得出结论。
范文首段提出大学生读双学位这一普遍现象;第二段分三点进行论述,其中前两点是优点,即学生会更加勤奋,并且有利于他们在激烈的求职市场中找到工作,最后一点是解释可能带来的学费问题并不严重;第三段下结论,呼应第二段。
第二段第三句中的stand a better chance(of)表示“大有希望”;第三段末句中的compel sb.to do sth.表示“迫使某人做某事”。
2.环保
1.有人认为经济发展先于环境保护;2.有人环境保护先于经济发展;3.我的看法。
[范文]
There are some individuals who argue that, compared to the environment protection, the top priority is supposed to given to economic development.They deem that environmental problems are inevitable and unavoidable in the process of economic development.They are only the by products of economic development, which can be handled later when we have the time and money.However, other individuals hold different opinions that(或者:other holders of the opposite opinions argue that)environment protection should be attached more importance than economic development in that present serious environmental problems will threaten the health of the residents and hinder the advance of the economy.As far as I am concerned, environmental protection and economic development can coexist in parallel and can stay in harmony.Our ultimate aim in economic development is to provide a comfortable and happy life for our people.What is the point of economic development if we achieve it at the cost of our environment? There has been much evidence to prove that a balance between the two helps more rapid and continuous development of the society.3.收入差距
1.收入差距悬殊是当前社会的一种现象 2.人们对之褒贬不一 3.我的看法
范文:
Now the income gap is getting wider and wider.In some privately owned firms, joint-ventures, or foreign-fund companies, an executive's yearly income is ten times or even a hundred times as much as an ordinary worker's.Faced with this situation, people will undoubtedly have different opinions.Some believe that it benefits the social and economic development since driving force is often derived from the gap.In other words, the gap inspires people and gives a push to advancement.Others speak of its side effect: income gap is often the root of social unrest and also contrary to our country's principle.From my point of view, while it is true that the income gap may stimulate the social development to some extent, it causes trouble as well.An income gap that is too wide for most people to bear can neither contribute to the stability of a country nor promote its economic development.Therefore, while we are advocating the rapid development of our country, we should tolerate the narrow income gap but narrow the wide one.4.名牌大学降低标准
1)近年来很多名牌大学都会降低标准招收名人学生,一些人强烈反对这样做 2)但也有不少人认为这很正常 3)你对此的看法是……,为什么?
【参考范文】
Should Universities lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities?
In recent years, many famous universities lower admission requirements for celebrities.More and more celebrities, especially sports stars, have been admitted to famous universities even without an entry examination.This phenomenon has become a subject of widespread controversy.Some people object strongly that universities lower admission requirements for celebrities.They hold that this admission pattern will damage the basic fairness rule of education.In addition, they say that if a person who has not enough academic ability is admitted to the university, it would be an insult on college education.However, still other people think it acceptable.They say that these celebrities deserve this privilege because they have proved their abilities in their field.Besides, in their opinions, these celebrities to some extent set a good model for other young people.Weighing these two arguments, I prefer the latter one.For one thing, these celebrities have sacrificed much learning time for their work, so they should be provided a better chance for learning.For another, if they accept advanced education, they could serve the society better.Therefore, I suggest that people should pay more attention to these celebrities' efforts and contributions rather than the special treatment they enjoy.【思路点拨】
本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一些人对于某种现象的看法,提纲第2点指出对该现象的另外一种看法,提纲第3点要求表明“我”的看法,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。
根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述近年来名牌大学降低标准招收名人学生这一现象;对比阐述关于该现象的两种不同的看法和各自的理由;表明“我”更倾向于哪种看法并说明理由。Daisy赞同让他们上大学。他们为国家做了贡献,应该让他们上大学帮助他们转业。像乒乓球运动员邓亚萍就是很好的例子。支持姚明上大学。
5.宿舍生活
1.宿舍生活有时会出现不和谐的情况;2.一个和谐宿舍生活的必要性;3.如何创造和谐的宿舍生活。
On a Harmonious Dormitory Life
Dormitory life is an indispensable part of college life.But sometimes the harmony in the dormitory can be disturbed in one way or another.As is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefits all the members.On one hand, we can have a good rest and put our heart into study.On the other hand, we will have a good mood and enjoy being together.There are several ways to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life.First, you have to evaluate your life-style and try to get rid of your dirty habits, if there are any.Second, when an annoying situation arises, you'll just have to learn to tolerate each other and co-exist.Third, you'll have to share with each other and make good friends.In conclusion, we should try our best to build a harmonious dormitory life for the sake of good study and good life.点评:“和谐”成为我们当今社会词频概率最高用词,就社会而言,倡导建立和谐社会;就家庭而言,提倡建设和谐家庭;就校园来讲,则要建立和谐校园;和谐两字似乎无所不在,大学生宿舍生活同样需要和谐。本预测题与四级考试热点密切相关,又为典型的校园生活主题,所以这样的主题值得关注。
6.就业
1.很多的大学生毕业后留在大城市工作;2.也有人选择到小城镇开始自己的职业生涯;3.结合自己的实际情况谈谈自己的想法。
Want to be a small fish in a big pond or the other way round? Every graduate faces this question when he starts his career.A large number of college graduates prefer to stay in the big cities.To them, big cities mean more experiences, more opportunities to see the big world and more space for career development.At the same time, higher salary is another temptation.But some other graduates want to stay in small towns.Even though there may not be many big companies, they can have a quieter and less competitive life.Another reason is that they can be a big fish in a small pond.They can easily get the management's attention and may win promotion earlier.As far as I am concerned, I prefer to start in a metropolis like Shanghai.A good begin is half the battle, and in Shanghai I can find a job in a big company where I can meet people from different places and cultures.I will learn from them what I can not get from textbooks.7.出国留学 1.出国留学有很多好处 2.出国留学也会遇到很多难题 3.你的选择
Studying Abroad: Hardships and Rewards
There is no denying the fact that studying abroad is a hotly debated topic today.Obviously, studying abroad has a number of rewards/advantages.In the first place, a student can have access to advanced science and technology as well as desirable working conditions which might not be available at home.In the second place, he can be exposed to entirely new ideas and trends.Last but not least, by living and studying in a foreign country, one can improve his foreign language much faster than at home.Nevertheless, as every coin has two sides, studying abroad also confronts one with a series of hardships.For one thing, learning a foreign language is far from an easy thing at the beginning for most people.For another, a completely new environment with different customs and habits may also be a barrier to overseas students, especially to the young.An added difficulty lies with finance: it can cost a lot to study abroad.From my point of view, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh its disadvantages.But it is a big decision to go abroad to study and one should take into consideration his financial conditions and his ability to adapt to new surrounding.Personally, I choose to go abroad and study if I find it necessary.(Therefore, studying abroad should be viewed as a two-edged sword, which presents us with both benefits and troubles.The best policy, as I see it, is to take into consideration his financial conditions and his ability to adapt to new surrounding.Personally, I choose to go abroad and study if I find it necessary.)
8.大学校园学术诚信缺失 1.当前,有很多学术抄袭现象 2.学术抄袭的危害 3.怎样杜绝学术抄袭
Academic Dishonesty on Campus
It is shown in the recent surveys that many college students copy papers from the Internet to save the trouble of doing their homework.In my opinion,this kind of academic dishonesty is very harmful to these students.First, copying papers from the Internet makes students lazy.Copying papers from the Internet seems easy and can save some time and trouble, therefore, students will do this more and more often and seldom work hard to complete their papers on their own.In other words, students will become lazier and lazier.Second.students can learn little from copying others' work.Students cannot improve their abilities just by downloading papers from the Internet without their own thinking and working.What's worse, once students get used to academic cheating, they may also cheat in other cases in the future, which will be very dangerous for them.
To prevent academic dishonesty on campus, some punishment by the school may be necessary.But the most important thing is that teachers should talk to those students, and make them aware of the fact that copying others' work cannot bring them any knowledge and that only by working hard can they improve themselves.9.感恩
On Cultivating the Sense of Gratitude
On college campuses across the nation, there is a noticeable phenomenon that we cannot afford to ignore: far too many young college students lack the sense of gratitude, one of the countless traditional virtues of this ancient land with a splendid civilization spanning over 5,000 years.These young adults were not and are not aware of the huge importance of expressing gratitude to those who once helped them, from teachers to parents and so forth.Personally, I deem that the root cause of students without a graceful heart is that they receive an education not valuing the moral sphere.I strongly believe that joint efforts from folks across society are the final remedy for this social headache.As young university students of the new era, we should make our own contributions to this cause.Imagine a world without the sense of gratitude.This kind of world is doomed to failure.Simply put, we should join our hands to heighten our awareness of fostering a graceful heart.Only in this way can we build our society into a harmonious one.My fellow students, I beg you to act from now on.10.关于选秀节目
Over the past couple of years, a variety of talent shows have emerged on TV channels across the nation, from Happy Boys to Happy Girls and so forth.This type of entertainment program is intensely popular, especially among young adults and has produced profound impacts on their studies and life.There are a couple of reasons behind the tide.To start with, young folks need role models to learn from.So many of them are crazy for contestants participating in these programs.This gives rise to the increasing emergence of these shows because TV networks naturally need to cater to young audiences.Plus, thanks to economic and political reforms carried out by the government, this crop of young generation have more freedom and desire to express and showcase themselves.Therefore, a growing number of young people desire to get involved in these shows.This is a divisive topic.On my personal level, the talent show is a superb means of relaxing and amusing and can hugely relieve our strains.As college students, however, we could not afford to indulge in them and should be aware of the utmost importance of studies.11.教育国际化
教育走向国际化成为关注的热点,本话题为热议校园生活话题,与2004年旅游景点介绍2006年考查的名校校园开放有一致性。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Brief Introduction to the University.You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines:
假设你是一名学生志愿者,要给来你们学校参观的外国朋友介绍学校情况。内容应包括学校历史、规模、教学现状以及未来目标等。
A Brief Introduction to the University
Distinguished guests,Welcome to our university.Before you start to look around, allow me to give you a brief account of the school.Founded in 1927, our university is one of this city’s earliest universities of liberal arts.It is staffed with an excellent faculty, and has a total enrollment of over 10,000 students.In the past years, it has turned out numerous well-qualified students and found its graduates active in professions of all walks of life.Since its establishment, the university has always steered itself toward the objective that its students have an overall healthy development.Not only does it provide the students with basic academic courses, but it manages to expose them to the up-to-date knowledge.Besides, students are free to participate in colorful campus activities and social practice, which are intended for broadening their mind and developing their potential talent.Currently, both our faculty and students are making every effort to improve the quality.12.心理健康
How to keep psychologically healthy?
One in four people will experience some kind of mental health problem in the course of the year.When you fail to manage these problems, they are likely to cause various mental illnesses and physical illnesses.The causes of mental health problems often vary a lot from one case to another.In today’s society, a good number of people are suffering from heavy pressure.Others are lacking in communication skills and feel they are living in an isolated world.In addition, a lot of people are ignorant of psychological knowledge about how to keep mentally fit.There are a lot of ways to curb mental health problems and keep psychologically healthy.Firstly, find the real cause of your mental health problem and see whether you can do something to make a change.Secondly, learn to relax ourselves and take exercises to release the pressure.After all, your health is what counts most.Finally, you may find it helpful to talk to your partner, a relative or a friend about your problem, or seek support and advice from a psychological consultant.13.食品安全 Food Safety
Currently, many problems concerning the safety of food have popped up.As for me, I believe at least three factors account for this issue.First, I observe that profits drive many food producers to commit illegal things.They aim to gain more money at the expense of consumers' health.Second, the overuse of agricultural pesticide has resulted in the degradation of food quality.The excessive pesticide bears enormous health hazard for people.Furthermore, some food producers inject hormones into domestic animals so as to make them grow more quickly and thus they can turn in more profit.As a result, people’s health has been seriously disturbed.All in all, food safety is such a great concern, and we all should establish laws and implement them effectively to avoid producing toxic foods.14.微博的普及 The popularity of Micro-blogging
Micro-blogging is no longer a strange word.More precisely, it has become part of our life.As for me, many factors contribute to the widespread of Micro-blogging.First, it is very convenient for people to express their instant feelings at any time.Second, it provides a chance for people to release their inner stress.By revealing their heartfelt emotions on the Micro-blogging, their friends may also know about their conditions and can offer in-time comfort.However, Micro-blogging can also be potentially dangerous as it may give away people’s privacy and other significant information.All in all, Micro-blogging provides us comfort and also inevitably some concerns.We should be careful while using it.15.低碳 Low carbon lifestyle
Nowadays, there are a considerable number of individuals who prefer to lead a low-carbon lifestyle which find expression in the fact that more and more commuters are using public transportation system in their daily life.Low carbon lifestyle can endow us and our society with numerous benefits.Firstly, it goes beyond doubt that low carbon lifestyle contributes a lot to the environmental protection and it is a favorable way to slow down the rate of climate change of our earth, which also means a lot to our health.We are supposed to undertake the responsibility to lead a low-carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance.And there is a diversity of measures we can take so as to lead such an environmental-friendly life.For one thing, we are expected to minimize the use of private cars, which emit a large amount of greenhouse gases.For another, we are supposed to cultivate the public awareness of energy conservation for energy in the world today is decreasing rapidly.For instance, we can turn off electrical appliances if not necessary as well as using renewable materials.Furthermore, at our leisure, we can seek opportunities to plant more trees which can absorb carbon-dioxide.In brief, low carbon lifestyle is nothing but the best choice for us and only in this way can we form a harmonious relationship with the environment.16.醉酒驾车 Drunken Driving
Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunken driving has been a grave problem with which we are confronted.Generally speaking, there are several reasons accounting for /behind this phenomenon.Firstly, recent decades have witnessed the rapid development of people's living standards.As a result, cars gained ever-increasing popularity and have found their way into our everyday life.Secondly, people participate in more activities or banquets than ever before, where they will drink liquor/strong wine.Then, they may get drunk but continue to drive.Drunken driving is bound to generate severe consequence if we keep turning a blind eye to it.First and foremost, this behavior will directly threaten the safety of drivers, passengers and pedestrians/goers, resulting in traffic accidents, injuries and even deaths.Besides, treating the injured and repairing broken cars mean a grievous waste of money, time and resources.Last but not least, this irresponsible driving will make the road a nightmare, and thus, it will cause serious losses of faith in governments and the society.In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse.First, it is essential that the supervisory role of laws and regulations should be strengthened to punish those performing drunken driving.Secondly, the public, especially drivers, should enhance their awareness of public safety.With stringent laws and alert public, it will be only a matter of time for drunken driving to become things of past.想在四六级考试中写出高分作文吗?那么用词是非常重要的一个环节。词汇使用得当,不仅使文章更生动,也是评分时的加分亮点。以下向各位四六级考生提供考试三十组考试中可频繁使用的优美词汇及例句。考试时用上它们,以替代你现有的普通词汇,可以瞬间点亮平淡无奇的文章。
1.individuals, characters, folks替换people, persons。
2.positive, favorable, rosy(美好的), promising(有希望的), perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior替换good。
3.dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill(有害的)替换bad, 如果bad做表语, 可以用be less impressive替换。
4.an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, many, if not most替换many。
注:用many和if not most 一定要小心, many后一定要有词。
5.a slice of, quiet a few, several替换some。
6.harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that替换think。
7.affair, business, matter 替换thing。
8.shared替代common。
9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits。
10.for my part, from my own perspective 替换in my opinion。
11.increasing(ly), growing 替换more and more
12.little if anything, little or nothing替换hardly
13.beneficial, rewarding替换helpful
14.shopper, client, consumer, purchaser替换customer
15.exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换very
16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable替换 unnecessary, avoidable
17.sth.appeals to sb., sth.exerts a tremendous fascination on sb.替换sb.take interest in / sb.be interested in
18.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.19.facet, demension, sphere替代aspect
20.be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of分别替代 indicate, suggest, fear
第二篇:2013年政府工作报告解读十大民生实事
2013年政府工作报告解读十大民生实事
缓解交通拥堵
公布实施五年综合治理交通拥堵方案。实施国际商贸城及周边区域高峰时段车辆疏散优化方案。西城路延伸全面贯通,口岸路、大通路、春风大道基本建成通行;城北路下穿、103省道改建工程加快建设;阳光大道、四海大道、丹溪路完成改造;环城路平交改立交4项工程开工建设;在江东路、西城路、丹溪路试行信号灯绿波通行,提高道路通行能力。优化绣湖广场周边区域交通微循环方案。启用朝阳门停车场;新增公共建筑配套停车泊位8000个,着力缓解停车难问题。道路信号智能控制点位视频监控和电子警察增加到480个。新增或加密公交线路10条,新增公交车100辆,公交车总量达1100辆,满足日均50万人次以上乘客公交出行需求。优化集装箱卡车通行线路。强化江东区块物流疏导,加强学校周边接送车辆管理,促进有序通行。
住房保障和改善
南洲花园保障性住房竣工交付;江东、稠江区块2200套23万平方米保障性住房主体竣工;佛堂、稠城、后宅区块2000余套20万平方米保障性住房开工建设。制订人才住房建设专项规划,稠江、北苑区块人才公寓交付使用,新推出人才住房150套,开工建设人才住房120套。落实500户农村住房特困户建房用地指标。完成美丽乡村建设60个;实施农房改造4000户。启动2个城市社区更新改造。
生态保护和环境改善
实施城市内河整治及水循环工程;加快农村截污纳管工作,65%的村居完成污水连接管建设;污泥处置中心建成投用,实现生活污泥无害化处理,启动工业污泥处置项目建设;全市地表水三类水达标率30%,饮用水源合格率达到100%。加强建筑工地、建筑垃圾及运输车辆管理,减少扬尘污染。开展机动车尾气道路红外线遥感监测和治理。城市环境噪声平均值控制在60分贝以下。
文化教育体育
新建或修建农村文化礼堂13个,举办市级大中型群众文艺赛事6次以上;向农村和社区送戏300场,送电影6000场。改扩建5所城郊中小学;新建4所镇街中心幼儿园;全面落实扶持民办教育发展政策。完成城市绿道网规划并实施20公里健身绿道建设;对全市公共健身设施进行维护和更新。
医疗卫生
浙大医学院附属义乌医院争取一期基本完工、二期开工;加快推进中医医院迁建、中心医院二期、妇幼保健院迁建等工程。对参保城乡居民开展每两年一轮的健康体检。出台鼓励和引导社会资本办医政策,加大对民营医院扶持力度。新增医院床位800张。开展群众性初级卫生救护培训1万人次。就业和社会保障
启动市人力资源市场迁建工程;创建100个充分就业村和社区,创建10个创业型村和社区,帮扶1000名城乡劳动者创业就业,完成1万名城乡劳动者职业技能提升培训。企业退休人员基本养老金、失地农民养老金平均提高10%;新增职工基本养老保险、医疗保险、工伤保险各2万人;城乡居民医疗保险参保率达95%以上,政策内报销比例达75%左右;出台城乡居民大病医疗保险政策,重大疾病政策范围内自负医疗费用救助比例由55%提高至80%,救助限额提高至10万元。
惠农扶贫养老助残
市财政三年内共安排1500万元资金扶持经济薄弱村发展集体经济;实施放心农资工程,在全市建立46个服务网点;对农民进行实用技术培训2200人次以上,建立市级特色农业产业基地5个以上。加大困难家庭子女就学救助力度,本科生每学年救助额由3000元提高至6000元。鼓励社会力量兴办养老机构,新增社区居家养老服务照料中心10家,完成镇街敬老院改扩建2家;怡乐新村二期建成投用,新增养老床位500张。帮扶救助残疾人9000人次以上。
民生基础工程
启用西气东输天然气夏演门站,天然气管网覆盖到50个居住小区4.5万用户。农村安全自来水普及率达到95%。实施江南、商苑、幸福等老小区基础设施改造。完成3个农贸综合市场改造提升。加快光网城市建设,城区光纤覆盖率达90%以上;移动3G信号实现市域全覆盖。
便民服务
实施流动人口居住证制度并落实相关待遇,出台流动人口积分入户实施办法,在规模以上企业推行流动人口远程申报系统。实施公安在线“网上办事大厅”建设;驾驶员考试中心正式运行,方便每年5万人就地参加考试。推广免签证的APEC商务旅行卡,年内办理60张以上。
公共安全
大力推进放心食品工程,加强以日常消费的大宗食品、婴幼儿食品、学校食品和保健食品为重点的食品安全综合整治;推行流通环节食品安全电子信息追溯系统;在各大菜市场设立无公害基地农产品等销售窗口;加大食品质量安全检测力度,各大菜市场每日公布农产品检测结果,在新闻媒体上每半月公布全市食品质量安全抽检结果。完成病险山塘水库除险加固30座。财政投入的治安监控探头增加到4500个,城区和城郊治安监控基本实现全覆盖。
第三篇:解读2012英语新课标
解读2012英语新课标
近日,教育部公布了义务教育阶段19个学科科目的新课程标准具体内容,其中基础教育阶段的英语课程按照能力水平设为9级。今年秋季新学年,新版义务教育课程标准正式启用,中小学生将有望用上据此修订的新教材。此外,为配合新教材的使用,今年春季起,全国小学生和部分省份初、高中学生使用的外研社版传统英语教材也将正式翻新:传统英语教材将正式升级为数码有声点读教材,配合教材使用的外研通点读笔,可以更好的配合新课标进行英语学习。
基础教育阶段英语分九级
在新课标中,整个基础教育阶段的英语课程按照能力水平设为9个级别。设置分级课程目标借鉴了国际上通用的分级方式,力求体现不同年龄段学生的学习需求和认知特点。按照设计,在义务教育六年级结束时要达到二级标准,可以用简单的英语做游戏,在老师的帮助下表演小故事或短剧,认识600-700个单词等;五级为初中毕业时需要达到的标准,这时候可以独立起草短文、短信,认识1500-1600个单词等。七级为高中毕业时要求达到的基本要求,而八级和九级是为愿意进一步提高英语水平高中生设定的目标。
新课标指出,可以对教材内容作适当的补充和删减,要避免仅仅为满足考试需求而对教材进行取舍。对过去一味死记硬背的办法也不再提倡,要求积极利用多媒体和网络等现代教学资源帮助学生营造逼真语境,对于低年级的学生教学内容和形式要更直观、生动、形象。针对新课标要更好的为学生营造逼真语境
据了解,目前中小学使用的课标是教育部2001年颁布的,经过10年的使用,教育部门发现一些内容、要求有待调整和完善。教育部有关负责人表示,此次修订完善义务教育各学科课标,是为适应新时期全面实施素质教育的要求,深化基础教育课程改革,提高教育质量。对照新老课标,市教委基教二处处长李奕表示,新课标特别提出培养学生的创新能力、学习能力和实践应用能力,为高中课程标准形成更好衔接,有利于老师更为系统地开展教学。以英语学科为例,新课标要求英语教学要重视培养学生的创新意识,激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生独立思考的习惯,教育部《英语课程标准》研制组专家张连仲教授说:“老课标培育的孩子对学习英语实际应用能力差,主要是缺乏相应的语言环境和互动性,新课标的颁布,从各个层面都有所提高。特别是加强了创造能力和实践应用能力。因此,伴随着新教材的使用以及部分实验区外研通点读笔的使用,相信会大幅度提高该地区学生的英语水平,更快适应新课标的改革。
第四篇:英语课程标准解读
英语课程标准解读
在新的世纪大潮流涌动下,经济全球化也伴随着经济政治文化在国际范围内飞速蓬勃发展。文化作为一个国家的软实力既能强国,也成为衡量一个国家强大与否的关键因素。而在我国,除了继承与弘扬自己的传统文化这一重要任务,还必须得用心学习国际文化知识。则英语作为国际通用语言也就成了我们所要掌握的一项重要语言技能和语言知识。
这样一个关键时期,英语课程标准就像语文数学的课程标准就成为一必不可少的存在,甚至更重要的存在。它不仅是对老师的教学行为进行指导,也是一种规范;它也是师范生在校学习时对自我要求成长的依据。作为一个将成为小学英语教师的在校大学生,对英语课程标准的解读就是一个必须而艰巨的任务了,但我想也是一个我们自己将获益匪浅的的任务。
那么什么是英语教学大纲?什么是课程标准?课程标准的内容是什么?且又存在着怎样的问题呢?
摘要:义务教育阶段的英语课程标准具有工具性和人文性双重性质。而对课程标准的解读也得从这两性质出发,在熟悉课程标准的基本内容基础之上,一步一步来理解英语课程标准的进步和发展,了解它各个阶段的特点。时代的发展既伴随着人们思想的转变,也要求着教育领域里的各个方面各个问题不断被进步和不断被改革。虽然进步,但总有问题会随着进步而出现,然后再促进其进步,那么现今我们遇到的问题是什么呢?
一、我国基础英语教学大纲的发展
教学大纲(Syllabus)
狭义的“课程标准”,包括三方面的内容,及规定教学目标,决定教学内容,体现实施内容和目标的次序和进程。
英语教学大纲
英语教学大纲是英语教学的指导性、纲领性文件。它规定英语教学的目标、要求、理念、方式方法、教材、测试等。近年来,它更多的是指对某一课程在某个/些阶段中的教学内容清单及选材和排序的原则等。
英语教学大纲发展的详细过程
第一阶段(1977-1990)
1998—1980 《全日制十年制中小学英语教学大纲》(试行草案)1986 《全日制中小学英语教学大纲》 1990 《全日制中学英语教学大纲》(修订本)
第二阶段(1988-2000)
1988 《九年制义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》(初审稿)1992 《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》(试行)1993 《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲》(初审稿)1996 《全日制普通高级中学英语教学大纲》(供试验用)
2000 《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》(试用修订版)
第三阶段(1999-至今)
《全日制义务教育课程标准》
课程标准(Curriculum)
在国外,它是指反映教育管理部门或具体教育单位的所有教育功能的整体课程设置模式以及体现这些功能的教学活动和内容。
在我国,是由国家教育部基础教育司委派的英语课程标准研制工作组考察和研究了当今国内外基础教育外语课程的教学大纲、教材和教学现状并广泛听取了各地专家学者和英语教师意见的基础上,通过近三年的反复研讨和修改后制定出来的指导性文件。
第一阶段英语教学大纲的特点:
第一、外语成为我国中学的一门基础学科,受到了社会的普遍重视; 第二、已经注意到外语教育的差异性; 第三、强调外语教学的实践性;
第四、注意培养学生的兴趣,发挥他们的特长,使他们能生动、活泼、主动地学习; 第五、建议“根据中学不同的需要,编写出几套符合外语教学规律,受师生欢迎的好教材。”
第二阶段英语教学大纲的特点: 第一、科学
第二、规范 第三、开放 第四、完整
中小学英语课程的进步:
第一、教学目标:
1988年的九年义务教育初中英语大纲明确提出“提高整个中华民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质”。
1992年的义务教育初中大纲则增加了“激发学生的学习兴趣,养成良好的学习习惯”,“使学生受到思想品德,爱国主义和社会主义等方面的教育,发展学生的思维能力和自学能力”。1996年全日制普通高中英语教学大纲明确提出了“提高中华民族的思想道德素质,文化科学素质和身体心理素质”的要求。
2000年义务教育初中大纲旗帜鲜明地提出要“以培养学生创新精神和实践能力为重点,全面推进素质教育”,在教学目的部分,不仅提出知识、技能、能力的要求,还提出了思想情感、道德品格、跨文化交际意识、智力和非智力因素开发等方面的要求,甚至把非智力因素(兴趣、信心、学习习惯、自主学习能力等)放在首位。
总的来说,英语课程教育目标在由单纯传授知识向提高学生全面素质的方向转变。
第二、教学要求:
在1986-1993年的五个大纲都提出了培养“在不同程度上通晓一些外国语的各方面的人才”,并反复批判片面追求升学率的倾向,强调中学开设英语课的双重目的——升学与就业。
从1992年义务教育初中英语大纲开始规定分级要求,即初中分成一级和二级要求,初
一、初二年级英语为必修课,初三选修。
1996以后的普高中学英语教学大纲规定了一级和二级目标要求,高中一、二年级英语为必修课,高三英语选修。一级或二级要求为基本要求,“上不封顶”,意思是凡有条件的学校可以超过大纲规定的要求。
也就是说,中学英语教学大纲必然由单
一、封闭型向灵活、开放型转化。
第三、教学观念和方法:
(1)明确英语教学的目的是培养学生运用语言进行交际的能力;
(2)提出了四项技能综合训练,不同阶段各有侧重;
(3)强调处理好语言教学和文化的关系;(4)注意发挥教师的指导作用,充分调动学生的学习主动性和积极性;
(5)重视利用直观教具和现代化教学手段,努力创设英语环境。
第四、语言和文化:
(1)语言技能的听说读写熟练掌握、语言知识的语音词汇词法的牢记及话题的应用表达;(2)情感态度的能动作用;(3)学习策略的反作用;
(4)文化意识在新国际视野里德步步升华。
第五、教师定位:
1.学习能力的培养者
2.课堂教学的研究者
3.学校课程的开发者
4.综合知识的掌握者
5.信息技术的应用者
6.教学教授的学习者
第六、教学手段特点:
实效性;
趣味性; 教育性; 创新性; 针对性。
第七、教材:
变化之一是现代化,主要反映在:
1.英语教材的内容逐渐贴近学生的生
活和现代社会生活,渗透思想情感的教育(即大纲提到的“寓思想教育于语言教学之中”或“树立符合素质教育精神的英语教育观”),渗透大量自然和社会科学知识。
2.教材多采用结构、功能、话题相结合的方法。
3.教材的编写注意学生生理和心理发展的特征,特别是年龄的特征,重视从教材内容、编排体系到呈现形式等方面提高趣味性,以激发学生的学习兴趣。
4.力求符合学生学习英语的认知规律,注意调节教材的难易程度和分量。5.运用现代教育技术编制多媒体教材。变化之二是多样化,主要表现在: 1.鼓励“一纲多本”;
2.引进多种外国教材,补充发达地区和外国语学校等不同类型学校的需求; 3.编写不同起点的教材,特别是小学起点的英语教材。
第八、测试改革:
1988《九年制义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》(初审稿)1992《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》(试行)2000《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》(试用修订版)
二、课程标准内容概述
(一)“课程目标”与“内容标准”是什么关系?
1.“课程目标”主要是用简炼的文字从总体上来概述高中英语课程目标中横向展开的几个方面和纵向发展的几个阶段(级别)。
“内容标准”部分实际上是对“课程目标”部分陈述的目标的细化和具体化,即详细描述五个方面的目标(含对五个方面的再分类)以及这些目标在各个级别的具体要求。
2.值得注意的几点:
(1)“课程目标”部分用一个饼圆图来示意课程目标五个方面之间的关系以及这五个方面与综合语言运用能力之间的关系因此,这五个方面之间没有明显的先后顺序问题。
(2)“课程目标”部分对一至五级的目标做了总体概括。总体目标是对学生在某个阶段的综合语言运用能力的综合描述。
(3)“内容标准”部分列出的内容并不等同于以往教学大纲所说的教学内容。
(二)英语课程目标包括哪些方面?
(1)语言技能是语言运用能力的重要组成部分。
(2)知识也是语言能力的有机组成部分,是发展语言技能的重要基础。
(3)情感态度指影响学生学习过程和学习效果的相关因素,以及在学习过程中逐渐形成的祖国意识和国际视野。(4)学习策略指学生为了有效地学习语言和使用语言而采取的各种行动和步骤以及指导学习行为的各种理念和认识。(5)文化指文化知识、跨文化意识和跨文化交际能力。
(三)为什么要把情感态度列为课程目标?
(1)语言与情感态度有密切关系。
(2)情感态度对语言学习的结果有重要影响。
(3)情感态度本身就是学生全面发展的一个重要方面。
(四)如何理解情感态度目标?
(1)有些情感态度,如学习动机、学习兴趣、自信心,不仅与英语学习有密切的关系,而且还是在英语学习方面取得成功的前提条件。
(2)学生在英语学习过程中形成的各种情感态度,如动机、兴趣、自信、意志,可以转化到其他的学习活动之中以及学生将来从事的工作和社会活动之中。
(3)有些情感态度,如祖国意识和国际视野,在表面上与英语学习没有直接联系,但应该渗透到英语学习之中。(五)为什么要把学习策略列为课程目标?
(1)学生使用学习策略能够提高英语学习的效果。
(2)发展学习策略有利于学生形成自主学习的能力。
(3)培养学习策略有利于学生实现个性化学习。
(六)学习策略与学习方法有什么区别?
(1)学习策略包括学习者对学习的认识以及在学习过程中采取的具体做法、步骤等行为。根据这个定义,学习策略包括学习方法,但不是所有的学习策略都是方法。
(2)学习方法和学习策略的区别类似于足球中“技术”和“战术”的区别。
(3)策略的概念比方法的概念更全面,涵盖的内容更丰富。
(七)为什么说语言知识和语言技能既都是课程目标,也都是课程内容?
(1)语言知识与语言技能是同步发展的。
(2)语言知识和语言技能是不可分割的。
(3)《标准》并不要求学生为了知识而学习知识。
(八)文化意识和跨文化交际能力指什么?
(1)横向联系指同一级别中各种技能的相互渗透相互支持。纵向发展指语言技能从低级别向高级别逐步发展的过程。
(2)为了使技能目标在实际教学中具有可操作性,我们把一至五级的技能目标逐级描述,每一级目标又按听、说、读、写分别描述。这样做并不意味着这些技能是可以割裂的。相反,听、说、读、写四项技能在横向是紧密联系的,在纵向是逐步发展和提高的关系。
(九)文化意识和跨文化交际能力指什么?
(1)文化知识指学生了解的中外文化知识。
(2)文化理解指学生对中外文化及其差异的理解过程或理解能力。
(3)跨文化交际意识指对外国文化与本国文化的异同的敏感度以及在使用外语时根据目标语(如英语)文化来调整自己的语言理解和语言产出的自觉性(cultural awareness)。
(4)跨文化交际能力指根据文化环境,在理解并尊重交际双方的文化背景的前提下,恰当、得体地使用语言进行交际的能力。
(十)如何理解本国文化与外国文化的关系?
(1)学习外语要了解外国文化,更要了解和熟悉本国文化。(2)了解本国文化可以帮助我们更深刻地理解外国文化,提高对外国文化的鉴别能力和鉴赏能力。通过文化对比培养爱国主义精神。
三、中小学英语课程的存在的问题:
如何充分利用与开发英语课程资源?
新一轮的课程改革的一个显著变化是拓展和整合了课程资源。在英语课程的实施过程中,我们应当善于广泛开发和充分利用各种课程资源。为此,教师必须建立新的课程观、教材观、教师观和课程资源观,懂得课程资源的范围和种类,能正确使用教科书并恰当利用其他课程资源。英语课程资源的开发和利用的途径主要有以下几种:1.调查研究学生的兴趣类型、活动方式和手段。2.确定学生的现有发展基础和差异。3.为学生提供反馈资料。4.安排学生参加英语课外活动。5.总结和反思教学活动。
学英语的最佳年龄是多大?
有人认为孩子越早接触英语越好,因为英语和语文一样都是语言类的学习。对于语言类的学习越早越好,他们那时候的语言接受能力最强,对语言异常敏感。从生理系统上说,他们的语言接收系统呈开放状态。
还有人认为12岁以后学英语最佳,那时的他们已掌握语言学习的一般技巧,他们会知道怎么对学好一门语言是比较好的,他们接受老师所教学的能力也在增强。
文献综述:自2001年教育部正式启动新一轮基础教育课程改革以来,以学生发展为本的观念,以自主、合作、探究为主的学习方式,逐渐深入人心。基础教育课程改革带动了教育观念、课程理念、课程结构、课程管理、教学方法、学习方式的巨大变革。课程标准的逐步改革,使得想要成为一个有着独特思想的老师的我们,可以从以下方面入手:1.要面向全体学生。2.要创设自主、合作、探究的学习方式。3.要创设以人为本的情境教学。4.要培养学生的综合能力。5.有灵活有效的任务型教学。6.要有多样化的教学评价方式。
无论是作为老师还是学生,课程标准都是我们开展教学活动和进行课程学习的重要工具和指标。已学到和未开始的都是现在的我们要掌握的,已学到的是前辈们的不懈努力给予的,他们告诉我们课程标准的发展就像一部历史,里面的可挖掘宝藏有很多。我们在英语教育事业的领域里带着课程标准一路成长。未开始的就是我们的责任和任务了,未来教育事业的路还很长很长,问题和考验也会接踵而来,英语课程标准就会成为我们的武器,实践会验证我们的努力。我们的努力也随时在促进着课程标准的发展与进步。
参考文献:(1)四川教育院外语系
(2)国家英语课程标准研制组核心成员 程晓堂
(3)2011版义务教育英语课程标准
第五篇:实事评论
10月31日,中国2010年上海世博会闭幕式在世博文化中心举行。这是著名歌手韦唯、廖昌永共同演唱《星空下的告别》。
中国2010年上海世博会闭幕式10月31日晚在上海举行。随着中国国务院总理温家宝宣布上海世博会闭幕,为期184天的上海世博会10月31日圆满落下帷幕。
中国国务院副总理、2010年上海世博会组委会主任委员王岐山在闭幕式致辞。他表示,上海世博会汇聚了人类文明创新的成果,246个国家和国际组织共同走过了一段成功、精彩、难忘的世博之旅。
国际展览局主席蓝峰在闭幕式上评价本届世博会时说,上海世博会是一个巨大的成功,同时也是世博会事业的成功。上海世博会的主题“城市,让生活更美好”将在世博会闭幕后流传下去。
上海世博会组织方代表向2015年下一届世博会组织方意大利米兰的代表移交了国际展览局的旗帜。上海世博会是第一次在发展中国家举行的世博会。自从5月1日开幕以来,世博会吸引了7308.44万中外游客入园参观,246个国家和国际组织汇聚其中,展示了创意绝伦的展馆、先进科技发展成果、丰富多彩的文化演出,并着重展示了各国在可持续发展等方面的先进理念。
在闭幕式上,中国众多知名艺术家和演出团体与各国参展方代表们为人们上演了一场精彩的演出。《上海宣言》倡设世界城市日
中国2010年上海世博会高峰论坛“城市创新与可持续发展”昨日下午闭幕,闭幕大会上宣读了《上海宣言》。
《上海宣言》提出倡议,将10月31日上海世博会闭幕之日定为世界城市日,让上海世博会的理念与实践得以永续,激励人类为城市创新与和谐发展而不懈追求与奋斗!
据介绍,《上海宣言》是一份意愿性宣言,它是对世博会展览展示、文化活动和系列论坛思想成果的总结。在宣言初稿形成后,主办方充分听取和吸收了各参展方的建议,并对内容进行了适当调整。温家宝:一日观世博,胜读十年书
中国2010年上海世博会高峰论坛10月31日上午在上海世博中心开幕,中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理温家宝出席开幕式并发表了题为《让世博精神发扬光大》的主旨演讲。温家宝在演讲中说道,上海世博会对于中国人民来说是一次向世界学习的良好机会,一日观世博,胜读十年书。走进世博的场馆,不仅饱览了各国的美丽景观和奇珍异宝,也领略了各国的灿烂文化和风土人情,这种身临其境的现场感受和震撼是电视和书本都无法比拟的。
闭园日30万游客入园
上海世博会的最后一天,各个入口处依然滚动着“欢迎您参观2010年上海世博会”的大红字符,留给世界一个“曲终人难散”的美妙意境。数十万名游客仍久久地沉浸在世博园的欢乐海洋里,各场馆歌舞升平,众游客意犹未尽。
截至10月31日12点,石油馆排队12小时;截至15点,通用汽车馆排队7小时;截至17点,当日入园游客29.36万人,入园游客总数7307.38万人。在世博大道上,昨天照常巡游,所不同的是,在巡游车的车尾,贴着醒目标语:“记住世博,留恋上海,感谢世界,难说再见”。
上海世博破多项纪录
“参加规模之最”——中国的盛情诚邀得到了国际社会积极响应,最终有189个国家、57个国际组织参展,轻而易举打破2000年德国汉诺威世博会保持的177个国家和国际组织参展的纪录,改写了历届世博会国际参展方数量的历史。
“参观游客之最”——184天的展期吸引海内外超7000万人次参观,刷新了大阪世博会累计入园6421.8770万人次的世界纪录,上海世博会成为历史上参观人数最多的一届世博会,将以最广泛的国际参与度载入世博会史册。
“举办活动之最”——上海世博会排定的国家馆馆日和国际组织荣誉日的规模均创世博历史新高。此外,本届世博会文化演艺活动突破2万场次,平均每天演出100场,创下历史之最。
此外,上海世博会首度将“城市”作为展品,城市最佳实践区和网上世博会堪称世博会历史上两大创举。所以2010的中国上海世博会向世界呈现什么呢?毫无疑问中国人民呈现出一个成功,壮观而难忘的展览会。
我们中国人在世博中宣扬出了创新互动呈现出宏伟。
2010年世博会是将21世纪的城市生活的潜力完全开发以及城市进展重要阶段的一项盛事。预计在2010年将有50%的世界人口会居住在城市。未来的城市生活,是全球关注的话题,与世界各国,开发或欠发达国家和人民。城市在作为第一个世界博览会的主题,在2010博览会将吸引政府和人民,世界各国的关注的主题是“城市,让生活更美好”。为其184天,参加各国将全力显示其在新世纪的城市文明程度,充分交流城市发展的经验、传播先进城市发展概念和城市人居环境探索新思路、生活和工作条件。他们将会学习如何创造一个生态社会和人类可持续发展的计划。
2010世博会的核心是创新和互动。创新是灵魂,而文化交流也是世博会的一项重要任务。在新纪元,2010世博会将致力于以人为本的发展,科技创新,文化差异以及双赢的未来合作,因此在新世纪高度的创新和互动将会是组成这一主旋律的重要音符。
2010年世博会也是一个宏伟的国际集会。一方面,我们要努力吸引大约200个国家和国际组织和7千万国内外的参观者来参加世博会,以确保是史上最盛大的世博会。另一方面,我们要以全球视野来看世博会,尽力让更多的人参与,获得各国人民的支持和理解;为了使2010世博会成为全球各地人民的欢乐地大聚会。
总而言之,世博展现了我们中国魂,我们中国的魅力让世界知道,世博为我们大家带来了快乐为我们展现了科技,我我发现世博给我们带来了很多,我们的生活因世博而美丽!