第一篇:气动移载机与PLC控制(中英文翻译)
外文翻译资料
Air operated moves the carrier vehicle and the PLC control
气动移载机与PLC控制
Air operated namely uses the air pump and the air valve control air current, the positive governing barometric pressure and the current capacity, enable the air to have the vibration.气动即采用气泵和气阀控制气流,直接控制气压和流量,使得空气发生振动。The programmable controller(PLC)is taken the microprocessor as the core, collection computer technology, the automated control technology in a body one new industry control system.PLC has used the model computer structure, mainly includes CPU, RAM, ROM and the input/ Output connection electric circuit and so on.If regards as PLC a system, this system is composed by the input variable-PLC-output variable, the exterior each kind of switching signal, the simulated signal, the sensor examine the signal took PLC the input variable, they input after the PLC exterior post to the internal register in, after the PLC interior logic operation or other each kind of operation, processing delivers the output terminal, they are the PLC output variable, carries on each kind of control by these output variables to the auxiliary equipment.可编程控制器(PLC)是以微处理器为核心,集计算机技术、自动化控制技术于一体的一种新型工业控制系统。PLC采用了典型的计算机结构,主要包括CPU、RAM、ROM和输入/输出接口电路等。如果把PLC看作一个系统,该系统由输入变量-PLC-输出变量组成,外部的各种开关信号、模拟信号、传感器检测的信号均作为PLC的输入变量,它们经PLC外部端子输入到内部寄存器中,经PLC内部逻辑运算或其它各种运算、处理后送到输出端子,它们是PLC的输出变量,由这些输出变量对外围设备进行各种控制
The PLC control system adopts generally easy to understand and to grasp trapezoidal chart language and face industry control simple instruction.The image is direct-viewing, is based on the field bus technology, opens completely, and uses the advanced software and hardware technology.The PLC control has the structure simply nimble, the anti-jamming ability strong, safe reliable, installs the convenience, the failure rate lowly, the maintenance is simple, large scale saves the use cost the characteristic, can satisfy each kind of center small scale process control, the smooth logic control and the data acquisition duty demand, widely has used in gradually in
外文翻译资料
the industry control system, including domain and so on metallurgy, mining industry, machinery, light industry, has provided the powerful tool for the industrial automation.PLC控制系统一般采取易于理解和掌握的梯形图语言及面向工业控制的简单指令,形象直观,是基于现场总线技术、完全开放,采用先进的软硬件技术。PLC 控制具有结构简单灵活、抗干扰能力强、安全可靠、安装便利、故障率低、维护简单、大幅度节约使用成本的特点,能满足各种中小规模过程控制、顺序逻辑控制和数据采集任务需求,已逐渐广泛用于工业控制系统中,包括冶金、矿业、机械、轻工等领域,为工业自动化提供了有力的工具。
The control engineering in the near future to will use in the logical equipment which programmed the process and the machinery controls carrying on an investigation, although the computer and computer technology already provided the infinite control for each kind of control to be possible, but PLC still was a important part.In this investigation, it will surpass half number of people to expand its PLC in the future 12 months the investment.It will surpass 40% person in the future investment many in the past 12 months.The PLC application scope is extremely widespread.In this 300 individual participation investigation, majority of PLC all uses in the machinery control, the process control follows closely after that, then is the movement control, the batch control and the diagnosis.The majority uses in directly the factory level(54%), uses in OEM is 25%, two all is 17%.控制工程近期对用于编程过程和机械控制的逻辑设备进行了一项调查,虽然计算机和计算机技术已经为各种控制提供了无限的控制可能,但是PLC仍然是其中重要的一部分。在这次调查中,超过半数的人在未来的12个月中将扩大其PLC的投入。超过40%的人在未来的投入不少于过去的12个月。PLC的应用范围十分广泛。在这次300个人参与的调查中,大部分的PLC都用于机械控制,过程控制紧随其后,然后是运动控制、批量控制和诊断。大多数直接用于工厂级(54%),用于OEM的为25%,两者都是的为17%。
In the industrial production assembly line, must move frequently the transmission belt A on goods to conveyer belt B on.If direct artificially is engaged in this kind of duplicated work, arid, tasteless also labor intensity big, is easy to cause operates worker's weariness, appears the mistake.But uses the air operated
外文翻译资料
manipulator carries on the transporting according to the stipulation movement and the rule, may achieve fast, accurate, is convenient, big reduces the labor intensity, enhances the production the automat city.Air operated manipulator this kind of orderly movement, uses PLC to carry on the control, and may facilitate realization.在工业生产流水线中,经常要将传动带A上的物品搬至传送带B上。如果直接人工从事这种重复性的劳动,枯燥、无味且劳动强度大,容易引起操作工人的疲劳,出现错误。而采用气动机械手按规定的动作和规律进行搬运,可以做到快速、准确、方便,大大的减轻劳动强度,提高生产的自动化程度。气动机械手这种有规律的运动,采用PLC来进行控制,可以方便的实现。
The robot sets an example the integration of machinery intelligence equipment.flows in the automated system in the manufacture and the thing to act the strong character.But the standard industry robot only is has certain degrees of freedom an intelligent electromechanical device.Isolation robot in the actual operating mode is not any application value.only then according to factor and so on work content, work piece form, quality, contour characteristic and size matches to the robot by the auxiliary machinery installment like hand fingernail which adapts, it only then can become the practical production equipment.air operated not only is 1.th robot main drive type is quick-moving requesting machinist terminal execution quick-moving, the structure simple, the control maintenance convenient, the cost to be low, Moreover the flexible transformation quick.and has the versatile assembly and the transporting and so on “ascends when puts”, the transmission movement work, uses air operated, or air operated combines with other transmission control technologies further increases its movement precision and the flexibility relatively fixed.Moreover the movement is frequent, the duplicated strong center low power operating mode in the work space scope limited, working routine, and uses the air operated modular organization unit the combination to realize the machinist work, can manifest the air operated technical effective substitution manpower operation realization production process Taiwan physics and chemistry and the automated characteristic and the superiority.Is can be fast to the air operated machinist's basic request, accurately ascend to put requests them with transporting thing.To have the high accuracy, the rapid reaction, the certain bearing capacity, the enough working space and the nimble
外文翻译资料
degree of freedom and in the free position all can characteristic and so on automatic positioning.Designs the air operated machinist's principle is: Full analysis work object(work piece)the work specification, and draws up the most reasonable work working procedure and the craft.And satisfies the system function request and the environmental condition;explicit: The work piece structure shape and the materials behavior, the pointing accuracy request.capture, time the transporting stress characteristic, the size and the quality parameter and so on, thus further determines to the machinist structure and the operating control request;The as far as possible designation standard module, the simplification design manufacture process.Pay attention to both versatility and special-purpose, and can realize the flexible transformation and the programming control.机器人作为典型的机电一体化智能设备.在制造和物流自动化系统中扮演着重要角色。但标准的工业机器人只不过是一台具有若干个自由度的智能机电设备.孤立的一台机器人在实际工况中没有任何应用价值.只有根据作业内容、工件形式、质量、外形特征和尺寸大小等因素给机器人配以相适应的辅助机械装置如手爪,它才会成为实用的生产设备.气动不仅是机器人的主要驱动方式之一.在要求机器手末端执行器动作迅速、结构简单、控制维护方便、成本较低,而且柔性转换快捷.并具有通用性的装配和搬运等“拾一放”、传送动作作业时,多采用气动,或气动与其他传动控制技术组合来进一步提高其运动精度和柔性 在作业空间范围有限.工作程序相对固定.而且动作频繁、重复性强的中小功率工况.采用气动模块化机构单元的组合来实现机器手作业,更能体现气动技术有效取代人手操作实现生产过程合理化和自动化的特征和优越性。对气动机器手的基本要求是能快速、准确地拾—放和搬运物件.这就要求它们具有高精度、快速反应、一定的承载能力、足够的工作空间和灵活的自由度及在任意位置都能自动定位等特性。设计气动机器手的原则是:充分分析作业对象(工件)的作业技术要求.拟定最合理的作业工序和工艺.并满足系统功能要求和环境条件;明确:工件的结构形状和材料特性,定位精度要求.抓取、搬运时的受力特性,尺寸和质量参数等,从而进一步确定对机器手结构及运行控制的要求;尽量选定型的标准组件,简化设计制造过程.兼顾通用性和专用性.并能实现柔性转换和编程控制。
The air operated hand fingernail is the present machinist transports, the assembly class machinist in particular in captures in the technology to apply most universal way.外文翻译资料
it to be possible to realize bidirectional captures, voluntarily to the center, moreover the redundant precision high.Capture the strength to be constant.and may conveniently match meets each kind of jig.The air operated hand fingernail is direct connection between the machinist and of the work object, the careful analysis, chooses the good air operated hand fingernail to relate directly to machinist's operating performance.In the actual movement, the hand fingernail supports on both sides the strength to be supposed to guarantee is bigger than all static and the dynamic strength sum total.The PLC procedure movement way is circulates the scanning way, but the non-order carries out the way;therefore any manipulator satisfies after its condition namely starts the movement.Between various is parallel.The machinist is the multi-degrees of freedom open the type series structure.But changes the system request speed high control area broad precision unceasingly in spatial and the time dynamics parameter along with its configuration high, the traditional single degree of freedom organization control technology is far cannot satisfy this kind of controlled member to be good because of the air operated machinist cancels much to the multistage localization control, the pursue target point pointing accuracy and multiple spindle at the same time cooperates weakly to have the foreword movement control, but little requests the high path precision, thus simplified to the control system request.气动手爪是目前机器手尤其是搬运、装配类机器手在抓取技术中应用最普遍的方式.它可实现双向抓取.自行对中,而且重复精度高.抓取力恒定.并可方便地配接各种夹具。气动手爪是机器手与作业对象间的直接接口,仔细分析、选择好气动手爪直接关系到机器手的工作性能。在实际运行中、手爪的夹持力应保证大于所有静态和动态力的总和。PLC的程序运行方式是循环扫描方式,而非顺序执行方式,因此任何一个机械手在其条件满足后即开始动作。各手之间是并行的。机器手是多自由度的开式串联结构.在空间和时间中的动力学参数随其位形而不断变化.系统要求的速度高 控制范围广 精度高,传统的单自由度机构的控制技术远不能满足这种控制对象 好在气动机器手多勾点到点的多段定位控制,追求目标点的定位精度和多轴同时协凋有序运动控制,但较少要求高的轨迹精度,从而简化了对控制系统的要求。
The material mode of transport has the multipurpose function which may grasp
外文翻译资料
may attract;The pneumatic system electromagnetism cross valve selects the afflux board collection attire method, reduced has taken the space;The PLC control has, is on foot automatic and so on the many kinds of work way.Because the pneumatic actuator has is angry the source easy to operate, does not pollute the environment, the movement nimbly rapid, the job safety reliable, the operation service is simple.And is suitable for under the adverse circumstance characteristic and so on work, thus in the ramming processing, casts and the compression casting and so on virulent or the high temperature environment is mean industry, on the engine bed, the yummy treats, the measuring appliance and in the light industry profession small work and so on components transportation and automatic assembly, food packing and the transportation, the electronic products transportation, automatic peg grafting, process and so on ammunition in production automation is widely applied.Therefore.The pneumatic actuator is one kind easy to promote popularly realizes the industrial automation application technology.The pneumatic system application caused the various countries industrial field to take generally.物料的搬运方式具有可抓可吸的多用途功能;气动系统电磁换向阀采用汇流板集装方式,减少了占用空间;PLC控制具有单步、自动等多种工作方式。由于气压传动具有气源使用方便、不污染环境、动作灵活迅速、工作安全可靠、操作维修简便以及适于在恶劣环境下工作等特点,因而在冲压加工、注塑及压铸等有毒或高温环境下作业,机床上、下料,仪表及轻工行业中小零件的输送和自动装配等作业,食品包装及输送,电子产品输送、自动插接,弹药生产自动化等过程中被广泛应用。所以。气压传动是一种易于推广普及的实现工业自动化的应用技术。气动系统的应用,引起了世界各国产业界的普遍重视
Most uses the programmable controller at present as the pneumatic system control device(PLC).The programmable foreword controller is take the microprocessor as a foundation, comprehensive computer technology, the automatic control technology and the communication technology but develop one kind new, general automatic control device, in the practical application, the control system is very easy to realize.Is generally by is controlled the equipment the sequence of operation and the technological requirement, constitutes the labor step of condition table, forms the trapezoidal chart, again establishes the PLC instruction.外文翻译资料
作为气动系统的控制装置目前多数采用可编程控制器(PLC)。可编程序控制器是以微处理器为基础,综合计算机技术,自动控制技术和通讯技术而发展起来的一种新型、通用的自动控制装置,在实际应用中,控制系统很容易实现。一般是由受控设备的动作顺序和工艺要求,构成工步状态表,形成梯形图,再编制PLC指令。
The material transporting system moves the air cylinder, the replacement onset and retreat air cylinder by about, rises and falls the air cylinder, clamps the hand or the vacuum cup, the material block, the sensor, the column guide rail, the support, the foundation, the microswitch and so on is composed.Clamps the hand either the vacuum cup may grip or hold the material block, the capture material part uses the clamp type and the adsorption type two forms, selects the different form, may complete the work piece separately the capture and the adsorption, adapts the different type material transporting.Clamps the hand to use the electro-magnet to attract gathers with separates the way clamp material.Clamps the hand or the sucker in rises and falls the air cylinder under the function to be possible to reciprocate;Clamps the hand or the vacuum cup together with rises and falls the air cylinder to move the air cylinder in about under the function to be possible to control along the column guide rail moves;In under the replacement onset and retreat air cylinder function the material block back initial position, for the next action cycle preparation, realizes the circulation.This system can realize a material in plane transporting.Operates the kneading board to install in the electrically controlled box, is separates with the test installation main body.The PLC programmable controller, the solenoid valve, the vacuum generator and so on lays aside in the electrically controlled box.物料搬运系统由左右移动气缸、复位进退气缸、升降气缸、夹手或真空吸盘、物料块、传感器、圆柱导轨、支架、底座、微动开关等组成。夹手或真空吸盘可以夹住或吸住物料块,抓取物料的部分采用夹持式和吸附式两种形式,选用不同的形式,可分别完成工件的抓取和吸附,以适应不同种类的物料搬运。夹手采用电磁铁吸合与断开方式夹持物料。夹手或吸盘在升降气缸的作用下可以上下移动;夹手或真空吸盘连同升降气缸在左右移动气缸的作用下沿着圆柱导轨可以左右移动;在复位进退气缸的作用下将物料块送回原始位置,为下一个工作周期准备,以实现循环。此系统能够实现物料在一个平面内的搬运。操作面板安装在电控箱上,与实验装置主体是分离的。PLC可编程序控制器,电磁阀,真空发生器等均放置在电 7
外文翻译资料
控箱里。
About the material transporting system has moves, reciprocated and to the material clamp and the relaxation, pushes the material onset and retreat function, may realize on foot, and so on automatically under the PLC control many kinds of working.After moreover, the material is clamped the hand transporting completes, for satisfies continuously acts the need, but also must ship this material the zero point position, will supply the next time to transport the need.The system may complete each working is as follows.On foot: May realize the rise, the drop, the left shift, the right lateral, the clamp, the relaxation, pushes the material to enter, to push the material to draw back and so on eight kind of spots to move the operation;Continuously: After presses down “the start” the button, clamps the hand to start from the zero point position continuously to carry out the transporting material.Material transporting system realization movement: The drop-> stresses the material-> rise-> right lateral-> to drop-> the loose material-> to rise again-> the left shift-> to push the material again to enter-> pushes the material to draw back.In this system, we only realize a material cyclic action, therefore returns to the zero point after the manipulator, must drive back the homing position the material.May realize the single acting under the PLC control, act continuously the working.On after the system the electricity, according to turns the choice through revolving is the single acting or the gearing, if is the single acting carries out the single acting procedure, otherwise carries out the gearing procedure.Single acting working: To clamps hand each movement using the button alone to carry on the control.Continuously: Presses down the start button, clamps the hand to start from the zero point, according to the working procedure autocycle work, until presses down the pause button, clamps the hand after to complete last cyclical the work, returns to the zero point, auto-stop.物料搬运系统具有左右移动、上下移动及对物料的夹紧和放松、推料进退功能,在PLC控制下可实现单步、自动等多种工作方式。另外,物料被夹手搬运完成以后,为满足连续动作需要,还必须将此物料运送回原点位置,以供下次搬运需要。系统可完成的各种工作方式如下。单步:可实现上升、下降、左移、右移、夹紧、放松、推料进、推料退等八种点动操作;连续:按下“启动”按钮后,夹手从原点位置开始连续不断地执行搬运物料。物料搬运系统实现的动作:下降 8
外文翻译资料
→抓料→上升→右移→再下降→松料→再上升→左移→推料进→推料退。在这个系统中,我们只实现一个物料的循环动作,故在机械手回原点后,需将物料推回原来位置。在PLC控制下可实现单动、连续动作工作方式。系统上电后,通过旋转按扭选择是单动还是连动,如果是单动则执行单动程序,否则执行连动程序。单动工作方式:利用按钮对夹手每一动作单独进行控制。连续:按下启动按钮,夹手从原点开始,按工序自动循环工作,直到按下停止按钮,夹手在完成最后一个周期的工作后,返回原点,自动停机
Can realize the material autocycle transporting based on the PLC control material transporting system.This system both may use clamps the hand clamp material, and may use the vacuum cup adsorption material, has the multiple functions function;The pneumatic system electromagnetism cross valve uses the afflux board containerization, reduced has taken the space;May realize the single acting and the gearing two execution way under the PLC control, completes the material the transporting.基于PLC控制的物料搬运系统能够实现物料的自动循环搬运。此系统既可以使用夹手夹持物料,又可以使用真空吸盘吸附物料,具有多种用途功能;气动系统的电磁换向阀采用汇流板集装,减少了占用空间;在PLC的控制下可以实现单动和连动两种执行方式,完成物料的搬运。
Regarding small and medium-sized enterprise, as a result of fund and technical limit, not impossible disposable equipment integrity control system, like DCS system.But PLC is the general controller.Standard building block system hardware architecture, modular software design.May according to the control area be possible to be possible small, to be possible greatly Jan Kefan, to use the general IBM labor to control machine or the compatible machine, the necessary commercialization on position monitoring software package or hangs on the corresponding workstation, realizes functions and so on equipment operation, return route control, picture demonstration, nimble simple, saves the investment.Therefore, as the foundation process control system may constitute one kind take PLC the complete product which is advantageous for the user to organize voluntarily.对于中小型企业,由于资金和技术的限制,不可能一次性配备完整的控制系统,如DCS系统。而PLC是通用的控制器. 标准的积木式硬件结构,模块化 9
外文翻译资料 的软件设计。可根据控制范围可大可小、可简可繁、采用通用的IBM工控机或兼容机、配套商业化的上位监控软件包或挂在相应的工作站上,实现设备操作、回路控制、画面显示等功能,灵活简便、节省投资。因此,以PLC为基础的 过程控制系统可以构成一种便于用户自行组织的完整产品。
第二篇:液压传动与气动PLC实训室简介
液压传动与气动PLC实训室
Hydraulic transmission and pneumatic PLC lab
基本情况:
1、THPYC-1型液压传动PLC实训装置:本实验装置是根据教育部“振兴21世纪职业教育课程改革和教材建设规划”要求,按照职业教育的教学和实训要求研发的产品。装置由实训平台、液压泵站、各种液压元件、测量仪器表、电气控制单元等几部分组成,其中液压元件包含液压缸、液控单向阀、电磁换向阀、减压阀、顺序阀、节流阀、调速阀等,电气控制单元包含PLC主机模块、控制按钮模块、继电器模块、电磁阀接口模块等。
装置实训内容丰富,可开设液压基础、液压基本回路、各种液压系统液压元件性能测试等实训项目,控制方式多样,能实现手动控制、继电器控制、PLC控制,各种液压元件为模块结构,模块采用防漏快速接头连接,构建液压回路方便快捷,设有电流型漏电保护装置及系统压力保护等。
本装置具有很强的实际操作功能,适合于高等院校开设的“液压传动”、“液压传动与控制”、“液压技术”等课程的实训教学。
2、THPQD-1型气动与PLC实训装置:本实验装置是根据教育部“振兴21世纪职业教育课程改革和教材建设规划”要求,按照职业教育的教学和实训要求研发的产品。适合高等职业院校开设的“气动技术”、“液压与气压传动”等课程的教学实训。
本实验装置提供有PLC主机模块、继电器、磁性开关、单作用气缸、三联件、梭阀(或阀)、双压阀(与阀)、快速接头等气动元器件。装置具有多种控制方式,气控、电控和手控等方式,带漏电保护及电源短路保护,安全性好,集各种真实的气动元件、继电器控制单元、PLC、计算机组态监控技术与一体,功能强大、适用范围广、综合性强。
本实验装置能完成40多种气动基本回路、继电器、PLC控制的气动系统回路实训项目,具有很强的综合性、直观性、开放性及实训性,是自动化、机电一体化、汽车等专业的教学、实训、考核的理想设备。
服务专业:
自动化、机电一体化、汽车检测与维修等专业
实训项目:
项目一:行程阀控制气缸连续往返气控回路;
项目二:叶片泵性能实验;
项目三:电车、汽车自动开门装置;
项目四:压力控制回路等多种实训项目。
技能鉴定:无
科研创新:无
合作企业:无
第三篇:1074液压与气动控制课件
1:[单选题]
根据滑阀阀芯在中位时阀口的预开口量不同,滑阀又分为负开口(正遮盖)、零开口(零遮盖)和正开口(负遮盖)三种形式,应用最广的是()。
A:正开口
B:负开口
C:零开口
参考答案:C 2:[单选题]
当控制阀的开口一定,阀的进、出口压力差Δp<(3~5)105Pa时,随着压力差Δp变小,通过节流阀的流量()。
A:增加
B:减少
C:基本不变
D:无法判断
参考答案:B 3:[单选题]
已知单活塞杆液压缸两腔有效面积A1=2A2,液压泵供油流量为q,如果将液压缸差动连接,活塞实现差动快进,那么进入大腔的流量是()。
A:0.5q
B:1.5 q
C:1.75 q
D:2 q
参考答案:D 4:[单选题] 对于双作用叶片泵,如果配油窗口的间距角小于两叶片间的夹角,会导致不能保证吸、压油腔之间的密封,使泵的容积效率太低;又(),配油窗口的间距角不可能等于两叶片间的夹角,所以配油窗口的间距夹角必须大于等于两叶片间的夹角。
A: 由于加工安装误差,难以在工艺上实现
B:不能保证吸、压油腔之间的密封,使泵的容积效率太低
C:不能保证泵连续平稳的运动
参考答案:A 5:[单选题]
双作用式叶片泵中,当配油窗口的间隔夹角>定子圆弧部分的夹角>两叶片的夹角时,存在()。
A: 闭死容积大小在变化,有困油现象
B:虽有闭死容积,但容积大小不变化,所以无困油现象
C: 不会产生闭死容积,所以无困油现象
参考答案:A 6:[单选题]
液压放大器的常用结构有哪三种:滑阀、喷嘴挡板阀和()。
A:射流管阀
B:转阀
C:节流阀
参考答案:A 7:[单选题]
当配油窗口的间隔夹角>两叶片的夹角时,单作用叶片泵()。
A: 闭死容积大小在变化,有困油现象
B: 虽有闭死容积,但容积大小不变化,所以无困油现象
C:不会产生闭死容积,所以无困油现象
参考答案:A 8:[单选题]
已知单活塞杠液压缸的活塞直径D为活塞直径d的两倍,差动连接的快进速度等于非差动连接前进速度的()。
A:1倍
B:2倍
C:3倍
D:4倍
参考答案:D 9:[单选题]
有两个调整压力分别为5MPa和10MPa的溢流阀串联在液压泵的出口,泵的出口压力为()。
A:5Mpa
B:10MPa
C:15MPa
参考答案:C 10:[单选题]
用同样定量泵,节流阀,溢流阀和液压缸组成下列几种节流调速回路,()能够承受负值负载。
A:进油节流调速回路
B:回油节流调速回路
C:旁路节流调速回路
参考答案:B 11:[单选题]
为保证负载变化时,节流阀的前后压力差不变,是通过节流阀的流量基本不变,往往将节流阀与()串联组成调速阀。
A:减压阀
B:定差减压阀
C:溢流阀
D:差压式溢流阀
参考答案:B 12:[单选题]
当控制阀的开口一定,阀的进、出口压力差Δp>(3~5)105Pa时,随着压力差Δp增加,压力差的变化对节流阀流量变化的影响()。
A: 越大
B:越小
C:基本不变
D:无法判断
参考答案:B 13:[单选题]
通常设置在气源装置与系统之间的所谓“气动三联件”是指组合在一起的分水滤气器、油雾器和()。
A:减压阀
B:安全阀
C:溢流阀
参考答案:A 14:[单选题]
在调速阀旁路节流调速回路中,调速阀的节流开口一定,当负载从F1降到F2时,若考虑泵内泄漏变化因素时液压缸的运动速度v()。
A:增加
B:减少
C:不变
D:无法判断
参考答案:A 15:[单选题]
在定量泵-变量马达的容积调速回路中,如果液压马达所驱动的负载转矩变小,若不考虑泄漏的影响,试判断马达转速()。
A:增大
B:减小
C:基本不变
D:无法判断
参考答案:C 16:[单选题]
在限压式变量泵与调速阀组成的容积节流调速回路中,若负载从F1降到F2而调速阀开口不变时,泵的工作压力()。
A: 增加
B:减小
C:不变
参考答案:C 17:[单选题]
计算机电液控制系统是由液压传动系统、()、信号隔离和功率放大电路、驱动电路、电一机械转换器、主控制器(微型计算机或单片微机)及相关的键盘及显示器等组成。
A:数据采集装置
B:放大器
C:接收器
参考答案:A 18:[单选题]
在减压回路中,减压阀调定压力为pj,溢流阀调定压力为py,主油路暂不工作,二次回路的负载压力为pL。若py>pj>pL,减压阀进、出口压力关系为()。
A:进口压力p1=py,出口压力p2=pj
B:进口压力p1=py,出口压力p2=pL
C:p1=p2=pj,减压阀的进口压力、出口压力、调定压力基本相等
D:p1=p2=pL,减压阀的进口压力、出口压力与负载压力基本相等
参考答案:D 1:[填空题]
1.液压系统中的压力取决于(),执行元件的运动速度取决于()。2.液压传动装置由()、()、()和()四部分组成,其中()和()为能量转换装置。
3. 液体在管道中存在两种流动状态,()时粘性力起主导作用,()时惯性力起主导作用,液体的流动状态可用()来判断。
4.在研究流动液体时,把假设既()又()的液体称为理想流体。
5.由于流体具有(),液流在管道中流动需要损耗一部分能量,它由()损失和()损失两部分组成。
6.液流流经薄壁小孔的流量与()的一次方成正比,与()的1/2次方成正比。通过小孔的流量对()不敏感,因此薄壁小孔常用作可调节流阀。
7.通过固定平行平板缝隙的流量与()一次方成正比,与()的三次方成正比,这说明液压元件内的()的大小对其泄漏量的影响非常大。
8. 变量泵是指()可以改变的液压泵,常见的变量泵有()、()、()其中()和()是通过改变转子和定子的偏心距来实现变量,()是通过改变斜盘倾角来实现变量。
9.液压泵的实际流量比理论流量();而液压马达实际流量比理论流量()。
10.斜盘式轴向柱塞泵构成吸、压油密闭工作腔的三对运动摩擦副为(与)、(与)、(与)。
11.外啮合齿轮泵的排量与()的平方成正比,与的()一次方成正比。因此,在齿轮节圆直径一定时,增大(),减少()可以增大泵的排量。
12.外啮合齿轮泵位于轮齿逐渐脱开啮合的一侧是()腔,位于轮齿逐渐进入啮合的一侧是()腔。
13.为了消除齿轮泵的困油现象,通常在两侧盖板上开(),使闭死容积由大变少时与()腔相通,闭死容积由小变大时与()腔相通。14.齿轮泵产生泄漏的间隙为()间隙和()间隙,此外还存在()间隙,其中()泄漏占总泄漏量的80%~85%。
15.双作用叶片泵的定子曲线由两段()、两段()及四段()组成,吸、压油窗口位于()段。
16.调节限压式变量叶片泵的压力调节螺钉,可以改变泵的压力流量特性曲线上()的大小,调节最大流量调节螺钉,可以改变()。
17.溢流阀的进口压力随流量变化而波动的性能称为(),性能的好坏用()或()、()评价。显然(ps―pk)、(ps―pB)小好,nk和nb大好。
18.溢流阀为()压力控制,阀口常(),先导阀弹簧腔的泄漏油与阀的出口相通。定值减压阀为()压力控制,阀口常(),先导阀弹簧腔的泄漏油必须()。
19.调速阀是由()和节流阀()而成,旁通型调速阀是由()和节流阀()而成。
20.为了便于检修,蓄能器与管路之间应安装(),为了防止液压泵停车或泄载时蓄能器内的压力油倒流,蓄能器与液压泵之间应安装()。
21.选用过滤器应考虑()、()、()和其它功能,它在系统中可安装在()、()、()和单独的过滤系统中。
22.两个液压马达主轴刚性连接在一起组成双速换接回路,两马达串联时,其转速为();两马达并联时,其转速为(),而输出转矩()。串联和并联两种情况下回路的输出功率()。
23.在变量泵―变量马达调速回路中,为了在低速时有较大的输出转矩、在高速时能提供较大功率,往往在低速段,先将()调至最大,用()
调速;在高速段,()为最大,用()调速。
24.限压式变量泵和调速阀的调速回路,泵的流量与液压缸所需流量(),泵的工作压力();而差压式变量泵和节流阀的调速回路,泵输出流量与负载流量(),泵的工作压力等于()加节流阀前后压力差,故回路效率高。
25.顺序动作回路的功用在于使几个执行元件严格按预定顺序动作,按控制方式不同,分为()控制和()控制。同步回路的功用是使相同尺寸的执行元件在运动上同步,同步运动分为()同步和()同步两大类。
26.液压传动是以()能来传递和转换能量的。
27.压力阀的共同特点是利用()和()相平衡的原理来进行工作的。
28.液压系统的最大工作压力为15MPa,安全阀的调定压力应为()液压系统中的压力,即常说的表压力,指的是()压力。
30.在液压系统中,由于某一元件的工作状态突变引起油压急剧上升,在一瞬间突然产生很高的压力峰值,同时发生急剧的压力升降交替的阻尼波动过程称为()。
31.()来判定液体在圆形管道中的流动状态的。
32.流量连续性方程是()在流体力学中的表达形式。33.伯努利方程是()在流体力学中的表达形式。34.工作时全开的压力阀是()。35.液压传动的功率取决于()。36.油箱属于()元件。
37.一般由电动机带动,其吸气口装有空气过滤器的是()。
参考答案:
1、负载 ;流量
2、动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、辅助元件;动力元件、执行元件
3、层流;紊流;雷诺数
4、无粘性;不可压缩
5、粘性;沿程压力;局部压力
6、小孔通流面积;压力差;温度
7、压力差;缝隙值;间隙
8、排量;单作用叶片泵、径向柱塞泵、轴向柱塞泵;单作用叶片泵、径向柱塞泵;轴向柱塞泵
9、大;小
10、柱塞与缸体、缸体与配油盘、滑履与斜盘
11、模数、齿数;模数 齿数
12、吸油;压油
13、卸荷槽;压油;吸油
14、端面、径向;啮合;端面
15、大半径圆弧、小半径圆弧、过渡曲线;过渡曲线
16、拐点压力;泵的最大流量
17、压力流量特性;调压偏差;开启压力比、闭合压力比
18、进口;闭 ;出口;开; 单独引回油箱
19、定差减压阀,串联;差压式溢流阀,并联 20、截止阀;单向阀
21、过滤精度、通流能力、机械强度;泵的吸油口、泵的压油口、系统的回油路上
22、高速 低速 增加 相同
23、马达排量,变量泵;泵排量,变量马达
24、自动相适应,不变;相适应,负载压力
25、压力,行程;速度,位置
26.压力
27.液压力和弹簧力 28.大于15 MPa 29.相对压力 30.液压冲击 31.雷诺数 32.质量守恒定律 33.能量守恒定律 34.减压阀 35.流量和压力 36.辅助元件 37.空气压缩机 1:[论述题]
1.谈谈温度和压力对粘度的影响。
2.溢流阀的主要作用有哪些?
3.解释液压卡紧现象。4.简述泵控容积调速计算机控制系统的组成。
5.简述液压伺服系统的组成。
6.什么是困油现象?外啮合齿轮泵存在困油现象吗?它是如何消除困油现象的影响的?
参考答案:
1.谈谈温度和压力对粘度的影响。(1)温度对粘度的影响
液压油粘度对温度的变化是十分敏感的,当温度升高时,其分子之间的内聚力减小,粘度就随之降低。不同种类的液压油,它的粘度随温度变化的规律也不同。
(2)压力对粘度的影响
在一般情况下,压力对粘度的影响比较小,在工程中当压力低于5MPa时,粘度值的变化很小,可以不考虑。当液体所受的压力加大时,分子之间的距离缩小,内聚力增大,其粘度也随之增大。
2.溢流阀的主要作用有哪些?
答:调压溢流,安全保护,使泵卸荷,远程调压,形成背压,多级调压。
3.解释液压卡紧现象 答案:当液体流经圆锥环形间隙时,若阀芯在阀体孔内出现偏心,阀芯可能受到一个液压侧向力的作用。当液压侧向力足够大时,阀芯将紧贴在阀孔壁面上,产生卡紧现象。
4.简述泵控容积调速计算机控制系统的组成
答案:泵控容积调速计算机控制系统以单片微机MCS―51作为主控单元,对其输出量进行检测、控制。输入接口电路,经A/D转换后输人主控单元,主控单元按一定的控制程序对其进行运算后经输出接口和接口电路,送到步进电动机,由步进电动机驱动机械传动装置,控制伺服变量液压泵的斜盘位置,调整液压泵的输出参数。5.简述液压伺服系统的组成
答案:输入元件给出输入信号,与反馈测量元件给出的反馈信号进行比较得到控制信号,再将其输入放大转换元件 6.什么是困油现象?外啮合齿轮泵存在困油现象吗?它是如何消除困油现象的影响的?
答:液压泵的密闭工作容积在吸满油之后向压油腔转移的过程中,形成了一个闭死容积。如果这个闭死容积的大小发生变化,在闭死容积由大变小时,其中的油液受到挤压,压力急剧升高,使轴承受到周期性的压力冲击,而且导致油液发热;在闭死容积由小变大时,又因无油液补充产生真空,引起气蚀和噪声。这种因闭死容积大小发生变化导致压力冲击和气蚀的现象称为困油现象。困油现象将严重影响泵的使用寿命。原则上液压泵都会产生困油现象。
外啮合齿轮泵在啮合过程中,为了使齿轮运转平稳且连续不断吸、压油,齿轮的重合度ε必须大于1,即在前一对轮齿脱开啮合之前,后一对轮齿已进入啮合。在两对轮齿同时啮合时,它们之间就形成了闭死容积。此闭死容积随着齿轮的旋转,先由大变小,后由小变大。因此齿轮泵存在困油现象。为消除困油现象,常在泵的前后盖板或浮动轴套(浮动侧板)上开卸荷槽,使闭死容积限制为最小,容积由大变小时与压油腔相通,容积由小变大时与吸油腔相通。
1:[论述题] 计算题:
参考答案:
第四篇:中英文外文翻译--PLC和微处理器-精品.精讲范文
Introductions of PLC and MCU A PLC is a device that was invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for machine control.The PLC works by looking at its inputs and depending upon their state, turning on/off its outputs.The user enters a program, usually via software or programmer that gives the desired results.PLC are used in many “real world” applications.If there is industry present, chances are good that there is a PLC present.If you are involved in machining, packaging, material handling, automated assembly or countless other industries, you are probably already using them.If you are not, you are wasting money and time.Almost any application that needs some type of electrical control has need for PLC.For example, let‟s assume that when a switch turns on we want to turn a solenoid on for 5 seconds and then turn it off regardless of how long the switch is on for.We can do this with a simple external timer.What if the process also needed to count how many times the switch individually turned on? We need a lot of external counters.As you can see, the bigger the process the more of a need we have for a PLC.We can simply program the PLC to count its inputs and turn the solenoids on for the specified time.We will take a look at what is considered to be the “top 20” PLC instructions.It can be safely estimated that with a firm understanding of there instructions one can solve more than 80% of the applications in existence.That„s right, more than 80%!Of course we‟ll learn more than just these instructions to help you solve almost ALL your potential PLC applications.The PLC mainly consists of a CPU, memory areas, and appropriate circuits to receive input/output data, as shown in Fig.19.1 We can actually consider the PLC to be a box full of hundreds or thousands of separate relays, counters, timer and date storage locations.Do these counters, timers, etc.really exist? No, they don‟t “physically” exist but rather they are simulated and can be considered software counters, timers, etc.These internal relays are simulated
through bit locations in registers.What does each part do? INPUT RELAYS-(contacts)These are connected to the outside world.They physically exist and receive signals from switches, sensors, etc...Typically they are not relays but rather they are transistors.INTERNAL UTILITY RELAYS-(contacts)These do not receive signals from the outside world nor do they physically exist.They are simulated relays and are what enables a PLC to eliminate external relays.There are also some special relays that are dedicated to performing only one task.Some are always on while some are always off.Some are on only once during power-on and are typically user for initializing data what was stored.COUNTERS These again do not physically exist.They are simulated counters and they can be programmed to count pulses.Typically these counters can count up, down or both up and down.Since there are simulated, they are limited in their counting speed.Some manufacturers also include high-speed counters that are hardware based.We can think of these as physically existing.Most timers these counters can count up, down or up and down.TIMERS These also do not physically exist.They come in many varieties and increments.The most common type is an on-delay type.Other include off-delay and both retentive and non-retentive types.Increments vary from 1ms through 1s.OUTPUT RELAYS-(coil)These are connected to the outside world.They physically exist and send on/off signals to solenoids, lights, etc… They can be transistors, relays, or triacs depending upon the model chosen.DATA STORAGE-Typically there are registers assigned to simply store data.There are usually used as temporary storage for math or data manipulation.They can also typically be user power-up they will still have the same contents as before power war removed.Very convenient and necessary!A PLC works by continually scanning a program.We can think of this scan cycle as consisting of 3 important steps, as shown in Fig.19.2 There are typically more than 3 but we can focus on the important parts and not worry about the others.Typically the others are checking the system and updating the current and timer values.Step 1-CHECK INPUT STATUS-First the PLC takes a look at each input to determine if it is on or off.In other words, is the sensor connected to the first input on? How about the second input? How about the third…It records this data into its memory to be used during the next step.Step 2-EXECUTE PROGRAM-Next the PLC executes your program one instruction at a time.Maybe your program said that if the first input was on then it should turn on the first output.Since is already knows which inputs are on/off from the previous step, it will be able to decide whether the first output should be turned on based on the state of the first input.It will store the execution results for use later during the next step.Step 3-UPDATE OUTPUT STSTUS-Finally the PLC updates the status of outputs.It updates the outputs based on which inputs were on during the first step and the results of executing your program during the second step.Based on the example in step 2 it would now turn on the first output because the first input was on and your program said to turn on the first output when this condition is true.After the third step the PLC goes back to step one and repeats the steps continuously.One scan time is defined as the time is takes to execute the 3 steps listed above.Thus a practical system is controlled to perform specified operations as desired.The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8Kbytes of in-system programmable Flash memory.The device is manufactured using Atmel‟s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin-out.The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry.In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes.The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning.The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port.As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs.When is written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high-impedance inputs.Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed lowered address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory.In this mode, P0 has internal pull-ups.Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification.External pull-ups are required during program verification.Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups.The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs.As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current(IIL)because of the internal pull-ups.In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input(P1.0/T2)and the timer/counter 2 trigger input(P1.1/T2EX).PLC和微处理器简介
PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)是极限控制中为代替必要的继电器时序电路而发明的一种设备。PLC工作时通过查询输入端并根据其状态打开或关闭输出。用户通常用软件或编程器输入程序,从而或得期望的结果。
很多实际应用都采用PLC。工业生产中应用PLC的可能性很高。如果你正在进行机械制造,产品包装,材料处理,自动化装配及无数其他工业生产,你可能已经用到了PLC。如果你没有用到,那就是在浪费金钱和时间。几乎所有需要电气控制的地方都需要PLC。
例如,假定在开关闭合时我们需要一个线圈接通5秒然后不管开关接通多长时间都将线圈断开。我们可以通过一个简单的外部定时器来实现。但是加入该过程有十个开关和线圈呢?我们就需要十个外部定时器。如果这个过长分别记录每个开关开启的次数呢?我们又需要很多外部计数器。
由此可见,系统越大,我们就越需要PLC。我们可以简单地用PLC编程来对输入信号进行技术,并在规定的时间接通线圈。
我们考察一下哪些是PLC中最常用的20条指令。保守地估计一下,如果镇长地掌握了这些指令,就能解决80%以上现存的应用问题。
是的,80%以上!当然,我们要学习的指令比这些更多,以帮助你解决几乎所有潜在的PLC应用问题。
PLC主要由中央处理器(CPU),存储器和输入,输出电路构成,我们可以将PLC看成是一个装满了成百上千个独立的继电器,计数器,定时器,以及数据存储器的盒子。这些计数器,定时器,定时器等是不是真的存在呢?不,它们都是模拟的,物理上并不存在,但可以将它们看长是软计数器,软定时器。这些内部继电器是用寄存器中的单元模拟出来的。
各个部分是如何工作的呢?
输入继电器(触点)这些继电器连接外部电路。它们是实际存在的,并接受来自开关,传感器等的信号,通常是晶体管而非继电器。
内部通用继电器(触点)它们不从外部设备接受信号,也非物理上存在的。它们是模拟的继电器,用以消除PLC的外部继电器。此外还有一些特殊继电器,专门执行一项任务。其中一些是常开的,一些是常闭的。有一些仅在电源上电时导通一次,通常用来初始化存储的数据。
计数器 它们也并非物理上存在的,而是模拟的计数器,可通过编程来对脉冲进行计数。通常它们可进行加计数,减计数或同时进行加减计数。因为它们是用软件模拟的,计数速度就有限。一些制造商提供了基于硬件的高速计数器,这样的计数器可以认为是物理上存在的。这些计数器多数情况下可以进行加计数减计数或同时进行加减计数。
定时器它们也并非物理上存在的,分为多种类型和定时单位。最常用的一种类型是延时导通型。其他类型还有延时断开型,记忆和非记忆型。定时单位的范围是1MS到1S
输出继电器(线圈)该部分连接到外围电路。它们是物理上存在的,并给线圈,灯等发送开关信号。输出继电器也可以是晶体管,继电器或可控硅,取决于选择的型号。
数据寄存器 它们通常是用来存储数据的寄存器,一般作为运算或数据处理的暂存器。在PLC断电时通常还可以用来存储数据。再次接通电源后,其内容与断电前相同,非常方便且必要。
PLC是通过连续扫描一个程序来工作的。我们可以认为扫描周期是由三个主要阶段组成的。如图所示。当然有多余三个阶段的情况,但我们可关注重要的环节,忽略其他环节。其他阶段通常正在检查系统及更新内部计数器和定时器的当前值。
第一步----检查输入状态----首先PLC检查每一个输入是否接通。换句说就是,与第一个输入端连接的传感器接通了吗?第二哥输入呢?第三个输入呢?PLC将这些数据记录到存储器中,以便在下一个阶段使用。
第二步----执行程序----然后PLC一次一条地执行程序。你的程序可能要求第一个输入接通时,接接通第一个输出。因为在上一步已经知道输入端的开关状态,根据上一步输入端的状态,就可以确定是否应该接通第一个输出。PLC将执行结果存储起来,以供下一步使用。
第三步----更新输出状态----最后PLC更新输出状态。PLC根据第一步中国接通的输入和第二步中程序执行的结果更新输出转台。由于第一个输入接通了,程序要求在该条件满足时就接通第一个输出,根据第二步的情况,PLC就接通第一个输出。
PLC在执行完第三步后就返回到第一步,并反复循环。一次扫描时间定义为执行上面的三步所花的时间。因此,一个实际的系统应根据要求执行特定的操作。
AT89S52是一种低功耗、高性能CMOS8位微控制器,具有8K 在系统可编程 Flash 存储器。使用 Atmel 公司高密度非易失性存储器技术制造,与工业 80C51 产品指令和引脚完全兼容。片上Flash允许程序存储器在系统可编程,亦适于常规编程器。在单芯片上,拥有灵巧的 8 位 CPU 和在系统可编程Flash,使得 AT89S52为众多嵌入式控制应用系统提 供高灵活、超有效的解决方案。
AT89S52具有以下标准功能:8k字节Flash,256字节RAM,32 位 I/O 口线,看门狗定时器,2个数据指针,三个16位定时器/计数器,一个6向量2级中断结构,全双工串行口,片内晶振及时钟电路。另外,AT89S52 可降至 0Hz 静态逻辑操作,支持2种软件可选择节电模式。空闲模式下,CPU停止工作,允许RAM、定时器/计数器、串口、中断继续工作。掉电保护方式下,RAM内容被保存,振荡器被冻结,单片机一切工作停止,直到下一个中断或硬件复位为止。
P0口是一个8位漏极开路的双向I/O口。作为输出口,每位能驱动8个TTL逻辑电平。对P0端口写“1”时,引脚用作高阻抗输入。
当访问外部程序和数据存储器时,P0口也被作为低8位地址/数据复用。在这种模式下,P0具有内部上拉电阻。在 flash编程时,P0口也用来接收指令字节;在程序校验时,输出指令字节。程序校验时,需要外部上拉电阻。
P1 口:P1 口是一个具有内部上拉电阻的 8 位双向 I/O 口,p1 输出缓冲器能驱动 4 个TTL 逻辑电平。对 P1 端口写“1”时,内部上拉电阻把端口拉高,此时可以作为输入口使用。作为输入使用时,被外部拉低的引脚由于内部电阻的原因,将输出电流(IIL)。此外,P1.0和P1.2分别作定时器/计数器2的外部计数输入(P1.0/T2)和时器/计数器2的触发输入(P1.1/T2EX)。
第五篇:电气与PLC控制技术
《电气与PLC控制技术》智慧型课程教学改革 自从2008年IBM首次提出“智慧地球”概念,“智慧地球”战略得到了世界各国的普遍认可,而教育对未来城市的发展起着决定性的作用,智慧教育就是在这样的背景下诞生。智慧教育是依托物联网、云计算、大数据、移动通信等新一代信息技术所打造的物联化、感知化、泛在化、智能化和个性化的新型教育形态和教育模式,它是教育信息化的未来发展趋势,是未来教育的主要形态。有别与单纯的网络教育和信息化教育,智慧教育是教育信息化高度发展的教育新形态。在与课程的融合上更优于网络和信息化教育。智慧教育是教育信息化高度发展的教育新形态,是“互联网+教育”的必然。它给传统教育在教育观念、教育角色、教学方法、教学模式带来了新的转变。
世界范围内也因此掀起了新一轮基于信息化的教育创新和改革的浪潮。我国在《国家中长期教育改革和发展纲要(2010-2020)》指出:“信息技术对教育具有革命性影响,必须予以高度重视”,《教育信息化十年发展规划(2011-2020)》也提出“要探索现代信息技术与教育的全面深度融合,以信息化引领教育理念和教育模式的创新,充分发挥教育信息化在教育改革和发展中的支撑与引领作用。”党的十八届三中全会也密切关注教育改革,提出“运用信息技术破解教育改革与发展难题”的总体要求。把教育信息化纳入国家信息化发展整体战略。[1] 以个性化、社会化、开放化、智能化、集成化、碎片化为特征的智慧教育
1)理论意义: 智慧教育是教育发展的新常态,加强对该模式下课堂教学方法、教学内容、教学形式的理论研究,对完善智慧教育理论体系很有必要。
2)实践意义:通过对智慧课程教学过程和教学方法模式进行研究,探索如何在智慧课程教学中使教师课堂教学行为更好地发生,以提高教学效果,从而为智慧课程开发者和教学者提供教育理论支撑,促进智慧课程建设,推动智慧教育进程。
随着互联网+教育的发展已越来越受到教育界广泛的重视。全球范围内的M00C、翻转式课堂、微课、在线课堂等教学形式孕育而生,为教育带来了活力,但也存在以下问题: 1)教学形式过于独立,未能很好的将传统教育与网络教育进行融合。
2)改变传统教材中的知识和多媒体资源的实时对接,学生学习中的主体地位未能体系。
3)且如何将互联网中的技术融合到理工科类课程中探索。
智慧教育是教育发展的新常态,对此进行相关研究很有必要。因此,本研究将以对本校开发的智慧课程为例,对其教师课堂教学行为进行深入研究,以期得出一些课堂行为的特征,从而促进教师在智慧课程开发,更好地实行有效教学。
1、个性化
布鲁姆教育目标分类修订版将认知领域学习者对知识的领悟程度由低到高分为“识记、理解、应用、分析、评价、创造”六个层次,并将这六个层次的目标分类划分为浅表学习与深度学习两个层级,浅表学习指向“识记、理解、应用”,深度学习指向“分析、评价、创造” [5]
祝智庭.智慧教育新发展 : 从翻转课堂到智慧课堂及智慧学习空间 [J].开放教育研究 ,2016,(02):18-26 教学内容按分为为每一个学生提供更好的人性关怀,实现教育优质均衡发展,是智慧教育的核心。采用最为先进的信息技术手段,采集获取学习者的学习需求,根据学习者的学业水平智能地提供全过程学习支持和及时的评价反馈,并根据学习过程进行动态调整;辅助教师在课堂上随时了解学生的学习情况,从而做出精准的学习指导,调整教学环节;在课后,则可以使学习者基于智能化的学习环境开展自学、自测、协作交流等。