第一篇:八年级(下)科学第二章重点知识听写
八年级(下)科学第二章重点知识听写
1、空气中的主要成分和体积比:
①________(_______);②________(_______);③________(_______);④其它„„(0.06%)
2、在测定空气中氧气含量的实验中,我们点燃________内的红磷,观察到现象是______________________; 火焰熄灭后,振荡集气瓶,打开导管上的夹子,出现的现象是________________________,集气瓶内水位变_________,大约上升为瓶子总体积的_________;消耗的气体跟剩下的气体的体积比为____________。原因是_______________________________。此实验除了用红磷还可以用其它物质代替,如____________。
3、写出空气中的各成分的作用:(举一例)
氧气_____________;氮气_____________;二氧化碳________________;稀有气体_______________
4、写出硫和氧气反应的现象及化学方程式:
______________________________________________________、____________________________________
5、写出铁和氧气反应的现象及化学方程式:
______________________________________________________、____________________________________
6、呼吸作用的反应过程可表示为(文字):_____________________________________________。
7、缓慢氧化举例:__________________、__________________;快速氧化举例:__________________。
8、可燃物燃烧的两个条件:__________________、__________________。
9、实验室制取氧气的三个化学方程式:
(1)_____________________________________(固—固反应)(2)_____________________________________(固—固反应)
(3)______________________________________(固—液反应)上述三个反应的类型都是_________反应。
10、实验室制取氧气时,装置中仪器名称:(7个)
(1)__________、(2)_________、(3)_________、(4)___________、(5)___________、(6)___________、(7)___________、11、实验时的注意点:(7个)
(1)酒精灯使用外焰是因为:_________________________________(2)试管口略向下倾斜是因为:_________________________________(3)导管不能伸入试管太长是因为:_________________________________(4)实验开始前要等到集气瓶中的气泡连续不断放出才能收集是因为:____________________________(5)试管口要塞一团棉花是因为:_________________________________(6)实验结束后,因先把导管从集气瓶中取出,再熄灭酒精灯是因为:______________________________(7)用收集的一瓶氧气做“铁丝在氧气中燃烧实验”时,在瓶子底一定要放一些____________________,是因为:_________________________________。
12、呼吸道组成:______________________________________________________________________。
13、吸气和呼气时依靠________和________的活动而产生的。吸气过程:_____肌收缩,_______变得扁平,_______收缩,_______舒张,________向上、向外移升,此时,____________增大,__________减少。
14、“植物制造淀粉的实验”(天竺葵实验):
(1)暗处理的目的是______________________________;(2)水浴加热的目的_______________________;(3)叶片放酒精中的目的__________________________;(4)碘液的作用_________________________;(5)本实验的结论_____________________________;(6)本实验需要的器材:________________________。
15、实验室制取二氧化碳:__________________________________________________。
16、检验二氧化碳的方程式:__________________________________________________。
17、臭氧集中在大气的__________层里,作用是______________________________________________。
18、PH低于__________的酸性降水称为酸雨,形成的化学方程式: ______________________________。
19、空气污染指数的项目:__________、__________、__________、_________________、__________。
第二篇:二年级下语文重点听写词
二年级下语文重点听写词
世界笋芽呼唤微笑泥泞芬芳应该环绕隐约茂盛凤凰雄伟辉煌哄骗彩虹蜘蛛价钱批评玻璃破碎继续骄傲胳膊晃荡楼梯脑筋讨厌蛋壳欺负翅膀检查斥责夸奖传染严寒 特别解冻追赶刨根问底
第三篇:八年级下重点作文
AWeather report
Hello, everyone.I’ll tell you the weather.It will be cloudy, and there will be some showers during the daytime.The hightemperature is 20 degrees, and the low is 10 degrees.So it’s cold at night.Please wear warm clothes if you go out at night.Thank you for listening.Spring
Spring is coming.The snow is melting.The days get longer in spring.Weather is warming.Wind blows gently through the trees.The flowers blossom one by one.The trees turn green.Everything begins to grow in spring.I like spring best because I can do sportsnow.I can play outdoors.Ican play soccer.I can fly kites with my friends.Running is also interesting in spring.Do you like cycling?Then let’s go together.The plants are very important to us
As we all know, plants are important to our human beings, They have many uses.Firstly, I think, they are for food.We know we feed on rice, wheat, cornand vegetablesand so on, they are all plants.Secondly, they are for medicine, we make many medicines from plants, Thirdly, the are for clothing ,our clothes are often made of cotton, and cotton is a kind of plant ,Finally I thinkthey are for things we use to work, books, paper ,pencils are all from
plants.In a word, plants are very useful and important to us.A trip to the zoo
I went to the zoo with my parents last Sunday.The weather wassunny, so we wear sunglass to protect our eyes from the sun, There were all kinds of animals there.such as monkeys ,horses, zebras, giraffes and geese.I like the monkey best.because they are lovely and amazing, my mother likes the geese best, because theylookedlike snowballs,that day wewere tired, but we had a good time.Shall we keep animals in zoos?
Yesterday we had a discussion about if we should keep animals in zoos.Twenty students thought that it was good to keep animalsinzoosbecause people could see many different kinds of animals there and animals were taken good care of in zoos.Thirty students thought it was not good for animals.since the animals were kept in cages , they were not able to travel freely.Animals liked to live in nature.Planting trees
Last week the students of our school went to the hill to plant trees.We got up very early before the sun rose.We all wore old clothes.Assoon as we got there , we began to work.Some of us dug holes, and some carried trees and water.I dug a big hole and my
classmates Wang Mei took a small tree.She put the tree into the hole and then we put the earth in the hole.At last we watered the tree.We planted three hundred that day.When we came back , we were tired but very happy.请写一篇关于河北的简单介绍,内容包括以下要点:河北位于中国华北,首都北京周围,临近天津,省会城市是石家庄。占大地约19万平方公里;人口大约有6744万。主要的农作物有小麦、玉米、谷子(broomcorn)等。河北有很多著名的景点,欢迎大家来河北旅游。
要求:内容连贯,语句通顺,60词左右。
Hebei is in the north of China, around Beijing and next to Tianjin.Its capital city is Shijiazhuang.It covers about 190,000 square kilometers.Its main crops are wheat, corn broomcorn and so on.There are many famous places of interest in Hebei.Welcome to Hebei.Sunday ,April13th
Today is Sunday ,Istayed at home.Li Yang and I did the experiment that the teacher told us in class.We put a candle, a glass
and a dish on the desk.We filled the dish half on the desk.We put the candle on the dish ,and then lit it.After the candle burned for a few minutes, we put the glass over the candle , After a while the candlestopped burning, and the water inside the glass rose, How interesting science is!
Make a plan for summer holiday
Summering holiday is coming.I’m going to read English during the holidays every morning, thenI’ll do morning exercises every day.In the afternoon I’ll swim or go fishing.I like reading, so I’d like to spend some time in reading books.I’ll help my parents do some housework.In the evening, I’ll watch TV for one hour.What should we do to protect the Environment
We have only one earth.It’s our duty to protecttheenvironment.Ithink we should keep our schools clean and tidy.Don’t throw the rubbisheverywhere.And we should plant trees and flowersaround the cities.It’s important to recycle paper and water.Remeber to turn off when we finish washing hands.Don’t forgetto turn off the lights when we leave the room.We had better walk or rides bikes to school to keep our streets clean.We must do our best to make our world more and more beautiful in the future.
第四篇:八年级上册重点知识
Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
help with housework帮助做家务on weekends在周末how often多久一次hardly ever几乎从不
once a week每周一次twice a month每月两次every day每天be free有空
go to the movies去看电影use the Internet用互联网swing dance摇摆舞play tennis打网球
stay up late熬夜;睡得很晚at least至少have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课
go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动be good for对……有好处go camping去野营
not…at all一点儿也不……in one’s free time在某人的业余时间the most popular最受欢迎的such as比如;诸如old habits die hard积习难改go to the dentist去看牙医
morn than多于;超过less than少于
help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事How about…?......怎么样?/ ……好不好?
want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句?……有多少……?
主语+find+that从句.……发现……spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光
It’s+ adj.+ to do sth.做某事的……的。ask sb.about sth.向某人询问某事 by doing sth.通过做某事What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么?
the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式
第五篇:八年级下科学第二章课堂练习
八年级下科学课堂练习姓名
一、填空题
21、化学用语是一种特定的化学语言,它表示一定的化学含义,粒子符号周围小数字也表示
着不同的意义。判断下列化学符号①2NO、②Mg、③MgO中数字“2”所表示的意义,将其序号填2++
2在⑴⑵⑶的横线上,以此为例,完成⑷⑸并举例说明不同化学符号中数字“2”的意义。⑴
表示元素的化合价的是;⑵ 表示分子个数的是;⑶ 表示
1个离子所带电荷数的是;
⑷,;
⑸。
22.如图所示为元素周期表的一部分,已知D元素的原子核内有16个质子,请回答下列问
题:
(1)D元素属于(填金属、非金属)元素。
(2)C元素的原子核内有个质子 A B(3)请推测有关B元素组成的单质的两点信息:
; C D E。
23.写出下列物质的化学式
硫酸铝碳酸钙氢氧化镁,硝酸钾五氧化二磷四氧化三铁。
24.有下列这些物质:①氧气、②铁、③一氧化碳、④氩气、⑤水、⑥空气、⑦食盐、⑧澄清
石灰水、⑨硫粉。
属于混合物的是;属于单质的是;属于化合物的是;属于氧化物的是
25.某种牙膏中含有抗牙腐蚀药物,它的化学式为Na2FPO3。已知F在化合物中的化合价为
–1价,钠的相对原子质量是23,氧的相对原子质量是16,磷的相对原子质量是31。则
Na2FPO3由种元素组成,属于(填“单质”或“化合物”),其中磷的化合价为价,Na2FPO3的相对分子质量是144,则氟的相对原子质量
为。
26.在一种M的氧化物中,M与氧元素的质量比为7:20,已知M与氧的相对原子质量比
为7:8,则氧化物中M元素的化合价为。
27.吸入“笑气”会使人发笑。该气体是由氮、氧两种元素组成的化合物,相对分子质量为
44,氮、氧元素的质量比为7:4,则它的化学式为。
28.某物质化学式为HnRO2n-1,相对分子质量为M,则R的化合价为,R的相对原子质量为。
29.⑴某三价金属氧化物中氧元素质量分数为30%,则该金属的相对原子质量为。
⑵A、B两元素相对原子质量之比为2∶1,仅由这两种元素组成的化合物里,A、B两元素
质量比为2∶3,则该化合物的化学式为;若其中B为-n价,则此化合物中A元素的化合价为。
⑶元素R有多种氧化物,其中RO中含氧53.33%,那么相对分子质量为76,含氧为63.15%的R的氧化物的化学式是。
30.使CO2和CO中含有相同质量的氧元素,则CO2和CO的质量比是;若CO
2和CO的质量相等,则CO2和CO中的碳元素质量比为。
31.有12克赤铁矿的样品,经化验测定其中含Fe5.88克,则此赤铁矿中含Fe2O3的质量分
数为。
32.碘是人类健康必需的微量元素,能促进人体的生长发育,特别对大脑和神经系统起着非常重要的作用。在食盐中加入适量的碘酸钾(KIO3),可以有效地防治碘缺乏病。KIO3的相对分子质量为,KIO3中钾元素、碘元素、氧元素的质量比为,碘元素的质量分数为%。从去年起,我国食盐中加碘含量将调整为每千克食盐含碘0.035克,相当于每千克食盐含碘酸钾克。
二、分析计算题
31.如图是市售某品牌牙膏包装盒上的部分说明。
其主要活性成分单氟磷酸钠(Na2 F PO3),是牙
膏常用添加剂之一,实验表明牙膏中单氟磷酸钠的质量分数达到0.76%~0.80%时,防龋齿效果较好。
(1)求单氟磷酸钠中氟元素的质量分数。
(2)通过计算判断,该牙膏是否有较好的防龋齿效果
32.2010年3月22日是第18届“世界水日”,3月22日至28日是第23届“中国水周”。联合国确定今年“世界水日”的宣传主题是“健康用水,清洁世界”,我国确定的宣传主题是“严格水资源管理,保障可持续发展”。明矾KAl(SO4)2·12H2O就是一种常用于水净化的物质,请回答下列问题:(列式计算)
⑴ 明矾的相对分子质量是多少?
⑵ 明矾中各元素的质量比是多少?
⑶ 明矾中K元素的质量分数是多少?(计算结果精确到0.1%)
⑷ 258克明矾与多少克H2O所含的氧元素质量相等?