高职高专英语A级考试辅导材料-写作部分辅导资料

第一篇：高职高专英语A级考试辅导材料-写作部分辅导资料

第五章 写作应试技巧

写作部分的比分占总分的15%,测试时间为15分钟.对大多数学生来说,写作是一难点。因此，考生该部分的得分一般都不高。

为了使考生熟悉考试写作体裁，掌握写作方法，提高写作能力，根据《基本要求》和《考试大纲》，下面就高等学校英语应用能力考试可能涉及到的体裁及写作方法一一进行分析和讲解。

便条（Notes）

一、题型分析

便条在我们的日常生活当中随处可见，往往内容涉及信息性较强，所以要求考生用简单的语言完整地传递信息。若是有关道歉内容，考生应言之成理，动之以情。

二、应试技巧 1．正确运用格式

便条的写作格式同普通信笺的格式大体一致，包括写作时间、称呼、正文，结束语和具名共五部分。但在传递感谢内容的信息与单纯的通俗信息时，写作时间可以不具。2．正文写作应注意的技巧

写作正文时应注意以下四点：(1)使用非正式的、通俗的语言。(2)不要将写作人与称呼混淆。(3)单词或词组使用的准确性。

(4)用委婉的语气、商量的口吻向别人建议、道歉、邀请、询问、感谢，以期对方接受。3．正确运用如下常见的语句

(1)通俗信息便条。如：

There／Here is„ I have／got„(2)约会信息便条。如：

Could／Would／will yOU„

I’d like to„(3)感谢便条。如：

Thank you(very much)for„

Many thanks for„ I am writing to thank you for„

I am writing to express my appreciation of all that„

I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for„(4)道歉便条。如：

I’m so/terribly／extremely sorry that„

I would like tO express my apologies for„(5)邀请便条。如：

Would you like to„

Would it be possible for you to„ We should be very glad if you could„(6)请求、询问便条。如：

Would you please„

I would like to„

I would be grateful if you could„

We would appreciate doing„

三、范文分析 Dear liu，I have something important to tell you，please call me at 8 tonight．

Wang [分析] 这是一张通俗的信息便条，Wang有重要的事要告诉Liu，希望Liu与自己联系。该便条很明显没有写作时间和结束语。前面我们提到过单纯的通俗信息与感谢信息的传递不须注明写作时间，若非注不可，也就是即日，即收笺的那一日。

首句I have„句式表明“我”有一些，很自然地、明确地引出信息内容。使用了有说服力的词如important，tell等，突出地表现了信息的重要性。

其他几类便条就不再一一分析了，它们与同类信笺的写作技巧大体相似，就不在此赘述了。惟一提醒考生注意的是，在写道歉便条时，要实事求是，条理清晰地道明原委，切不可胡编乱造。

四、练习

请以Judy的名义给Jane写一张便条，请Jane尽快将其工作计划告诉Judy。[参考答案]

lst, June DearJane，Please inform me as soon as possible your working plan．Thanks．

Judy

通知(Notice)

一、题型分析

英文通知的格式与中文通知格式大体相同，这——点考生容易把握。其内容简单、具体，2 要求写明具体事项，以便告知相关人员。

二、应试技巧

1．注意中、英通知的细微差别

和中文通知一样，英文通知由标题、正文、落款(或时间)三部分组成。标题写在正文上方正中部位，常以Notice作标题。它可大写首字母(Notice)成整个单词(NOTICE)。落款即发出通知的单位和时间写在正文右下角，有时发出通知的单位可以省略，时间也可写在单位名称下一行的左下角。2．书写正文时要注意的几点

(1)内容要简洁、清楚。例如，会议通知要写清时间、地点、出席人员，必要时还可以写明会议内容。

(2)多采用被动语态，人称用第三人称。如：

①All the students of the Computer Department are required to meet„ ②A lecture on linguistics will be given by Professor Xiao„

(3)为了能引起广泛的注意，正文起首常标以“ATTENTION“字样或以“Attention，please”开头。如：

ATTENTION，A visit to„

(4)放假通知应写明放假天数及收假日期。如：

①Tomorrow being National Day，there will be no work for seven days． ②Work will be resumed on Oct.8．

三、范文分析 Sample 1

NOTICE All the members of the Students’Union are requested tO meet in the department conferenceroom on Monday，July 5，at 7:30 p.m．to discuss the plan of the sports meet．

Students’Union July 1，2000 [分析] 范文是布告体裁的通知。其格式规范，表述清楚。这是一个会议通告，开会的时间、地点、人员、会议内容都一目了然。和中文的通知一样，发出通知的部门即范文中的Students’Union和日期可写在右下角，但有时日期也可写在发通知的部门的下一行的右下角。但考生常习惯性地将日期写到右上角，这—点应注意。Sample 2 3

March 10，2000 Dear Lily，This is to inform you that due to bad weather tomorrow’s sports meet will be postponed until March 15．

School Athletic Committee [分析] 范文是通知的另一种形式即书信体。它的格式与便条很相似，包括写在右上角的日期、称呼、正文及落款即发通知的部门。同样，它的内容应该清楚、简洁，让人一目了然。

四、练习

①请拟一张国庆节放7天假的通知。

②请以英语系办公室的名义拟一个组织教师去韶山参观的通知。[参考答案①]

Notice

Sep.30，2000 Tomorrow being National Day，there will be no work for 7 days．All the managers and workers are required to take part in the celebrations to be held in the conference room in our company on Tuesday，Oct 1，at 8:00 a．m．Work will be resumedOn Oct．8．

Office of General Manager [参考答案②]

Notie

June 2,2000 Attention please,A visit to Shaoshan has been arranged for Saturday,June 7.The teachers who wish to go,please gather at the college gate.The bus is to leave at 6:00 a.m sharp.The English Department Office

请假条

(Asking for Sick Leave or Business Leave)

一、题型分析

在应用文能力考试中，请假条因其篇幅短小，格式、内容较为容易掌握，故相对于推荐信、申请信等篇幅较长的应用文而言，其得分率要高，且该类型的应用文要求文体正式、语言得体，尤其是用礼貌的语言向领导讲述清请假的理由。

二、应试技巧

1．了解请假条的基本情况(内容)

请假条是便条的一种，主要用于因病或因重要事情须向领导请示批准某一特定时间 的假。根据其请假理由的不同，可把请假条分为病假条和事假条两种。但不管是哪一种，都应包括以下四部分内容：

(1)日期

日期通常应在正文右上角，因清假条涉及到的是最近时间内的事情，故可直接用几 月，几日或星期几来表示，如April 10或10 April或Thursday。

(2)称呼

称呼常用常规信中的称呼语，如Dear„，Mr„，Professor„，Dr„等。

(3)正文

正文是请假条的核心部分，主要涉及到请假原因、请假时间，结尾时需用—‘些表示感谢或请求批准的话语。切记理由要充分，在必要时应附上相应的证明。

(4)结束语的署名

结束语常用yours faithfully 或 yours sincerely 或 yours truly等。2．常用句型

(1)起首用语

请假条中起首句常用来说明请假原因或请假时间，常用句型如下：

I’d like to apply for three days leave of absence，starting from„，and finishing on„ I am writing to ask for sick leave of„days，starting from„to„ I’m sorry l can’t attend the meeting because／as„ Owing to„／As„，I shall be unable to„(2)结尾常用语

请假条中结尾用语常用来表示感谢、请予批准等。常用句型如下： I should be very obliged／grateful if you grant me the leave． I hope you will grant me the leave． Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance．

I’ll certainly do my best to make up„once／as soon as„

Now l enclose a Doctor’s Certificate／a medical certificate from／issued by the doctor． Now l enclose the telegraph from my father．

三、范文分析

[范文] 事假条

April 25 Secretary Frick，As my brother is moving to Canada tomorrow，I shall be very much obliged if you will grant me my application for one day’s leave tomorrow．

Yours respectfully

Robin Ford [分析] 这是Robin Ford给秘书Frick的一张请假条。其中包括日期(April 25)、称呼语(Secretary Frick)、结束语(Yours respectfully)、署名(Robin Ford)以及核心部分——正文。就正文而言，一个主从复合句就给出了请假条正文所应包含的所有的信息，如请假理由：“My brother is moving to Canada tomorrow“，请假时间区间为”tomorrow“，表示感谢的话语：“I shall be very much obliged”，请求批准的话语：“you grant me application for one day’s leave”。从这些方面来看，该请假条体现出了请假条简单明了这一特点。正文开头以“As„”引导的原因状语从句引出请假理由，这样的开头使人一目了然。[范文] 病假条

(English 2nd Year，Class B)

April 21(To Department office)Ms Smith，Owing to a severe headache,I shall be unable to attend classes today.I enclose a medical certificate from the doctor.Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance.Yours respectfully

Li Ming [分析] 该请假条从基本格式到内容都符合请假条的要求，包括请假条中的信头(系、年级、班级和写假条的日期)，收假条部门以及收假条人名，其中的系、年级、班级和收假条部门也可省略，直接用最简单的请假条格式，从内容中可推断出写请假条人与收请假条人是师生关系。正因如此，请假人写上了“I enclose a medical certificate from the doctor”以示请假理由并非借口，以介词短语“Owingto„”引出请假理由，以句子“I shall be unable to attendclasses today”引出了请假时间区间即today，开门见山，直截了当。

四、练习

①以Mary的名义向Professor John写一张因病无法上课的请假条(注明缺漏的课日后 补上)。

要求：不少于30词

②写一封因家父病重须回家探望，故请求给予三天假的请假条(注明起止时间)。要求：60词左右。[参考答案①]

Nov．12 Dear professor John，I’m sorry l can’t come to your lecture today as I am running a fever．I should be very much obliged if you shall grant me the leave．I’ll do my best to make up the lessons as soon as 1’m recovered．

Yours respectfully，Mary [参考条案②]

Dec．12 Dear Manager，I’d like to apply for three days leave，starting from the 13th-to the 15th，in order to return to my hometown to see my father，who is seriously ill these days．

I should be very much obliged if you grant me the leave．As to the duties to be missed during my absence，I shall do my best to make them up as Soon I get back．

Here I enclose a telegraph from my mother．

Yours faithfully，Wang Fang

邀请信（A letter of Invitation）

一、题型分析

该题型要求考生掌握正式和非正式的书信体邀请信的格式。它的内容应该完整、明确，语言简朴，态度热情。其复函即接受邀请或谢绝邀请也具有上述特点。

二、应试技巧

1．注意不同场合的邀请信使用格式的不同

邀请信的正式程度由邀请者与被邀请者间的关系来决定。正式的邀请信的格式与普通书 7 信的格式相同，由写信人的地址、日期、收信人姓名及地址、称呼、正文、结束语及署名七个部分组成。而用于熟悉朋友间的非正式邀请信则可省略写信人地址、收信人姓名及地址，称呼也可随便些。邀请信复函的格式和正式程度与邀请信相同。2．正文要求写清的几个方面

(1)邀请信的正文

(a)直截了当地提出邀请并指出时间(年、月、日、钟点)、地点、场合。

(b)请对方确认或表示期待对方接受邀请。

(2)表示接受邀请的复函的正文

(a)感谢对方的邀请(有时可省略)。

(b)表示接受邀请并确认时间、地点、场合。

(c)表达愉快的期盼之情。

(3)表示谢绝邀请的复函的正文

(a)感谢对方的邀请。

(b)明确谢绝并给出合理的原因。3．灵活运用邀请信及复函中常用的语句

(1)I should be delighted／pleased if you could come to„

Would／Could you come to„

(2)I shall be happy to accept„

It was thoughtful of you tO„

Thank you for your invitation to„

We look forward to seeing you again.(3)Please accept my sincere regret at„

Unfortunately，it will be impossible for me tO„

What a shame!We can’t„

三、范文分析

Dec．15，2000 Dear Peter，Would you like to come tO my place to have dinner with me on Sunday，Dec．20，at 8:00 p.m.? I haven’T seen you for a long time and I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours，Lucy [分析] 以上是Lucy写给Peter的一封共进晚餐的邀请信。由于是非正式场合，省略了 8 写信人地址、收信人姓名及地址、正文开头提出了邀请，并讲明了具体的时间、地点(on Sunday，Dec.20，at 8:00 p.m.，my place)。最后表达了热切的期盼之情(„looking forward to seeing you soon)。

Dec．17，2000 Dear Lucy，Thank you for your kind invitation to dinner at your place on Sunday，Dec．20，at 8:00 p.m．I do accept it with great pleasure．It seems quite a long time since we met last．

I’m looking forward to seeing you.Yours，Peter [分析] 以上是Peter表示接受邀请而写的一封回信。正文开头对邀请表示感谢，并确认了时间、地点。接着明确表示乐意接受邀请(I do accept it with great pleasure)。最后表示了热切盼望那一天的到来。此信的关键是要写明接受邀请，而不能出现“I’ll accept it I’m free“这类模棱两可的句子。

Dec．17，2000 Dear Lucy，Thank you for your kind invitation to dinner at your place，But l’m sorry that I have to decline it．I’ll visit my former teacher that day．

I do hope to see you when I’m free．

Yours，Peter [分析] 这是一封peter因故不能出席的谢绝邀请信。同样，正文开头表达了被邀请的谢意。接着明确地谢绝邀请并解释了原因(But I’m sorry that l have to decline it,I’ll visit my former teacher that day．)。此处用到的套语有：

Thank you very much for your kind invitation to„

I’m sorry that„

四、练习

按下列要求写一封邀请信及复函：

①以Wang Li的名义给他朋友Li Min写一封邀请信，请他五一节期间来杭州游玩。

②以Li Min的名义写一封接受邀请信。

③因Li Min在这期间要去广东考察工作单位而谢绝邀请，请以Li Min的名义写一封谢 9 绝信。[参考答案①]

April 20，2000 Dear Li Min，It is really a long time since l saw you last．I miss you so much．would you like to come to Hangzhou during International Labour Day?

Hangzhou is a beautiful city．There are quite a lot of places of interest and shopping places．you’re welcome to stay as long as you like and I’d like to be your guide．

I’m really looking forward to see you again．If you would tell me the time of your arrival，I’ll meet you at the railway station．

Yours，Wang Li [参考答案②]

April 20，2000 Dear Wang Li，Thank you for your kind invitation，I’m really pleased to meet you in Hangzhou，But now I can’t decide specifically when I will arrive in Hangzhou，However，once I make a specific decision，I will notify you by telephone．

I hope we can meet earlier．

Yours，Li Min [参考答案③]

April 20，2000 Dear Wang Li，Thank you very much for your kind invitation to visit Hangzhou．We really haven’t seen each other for a long time．But I really feel regret that I call’t come．I have to go to Cuangzhou those days，you know I’ll graduate thlis July，so I must go to visit the place where I will work．

I’ll write to you when I get back．

Yours

Li Min

请求信(A Letter of Request)

一、题型分析

请求信是普通书信的一种。常用于比较正式的场合。其格式与普通书信相同。它的主体要求清楚地写出请求的内容及理由，以达到令对方愿意帮助的目的。请求信要求语气谦恭有礼，态度诚恳。考生常犯表述不清、客套语重复、罗嗦的毛病。

二、应试技巧 1．正确运用格式

和其他普通书信—样，请求信由写信人地址、日期、收信人姓名及地址、称呼、正文、结尾客套语、署名七个部分组成。写信人的地址要详细，以便对方回复。2．正文要写清楚如下几点

(1)可以开门见山地提出请求，但语气要有礼貌。(2)简明扼要地解释提出请求的原因。

(3)无论结果如何，都向对方致谢，但客套语不宜过多。3．灵活运用常用于请求的语句

(1)I wish to„

I want tO„

We’d like to„

I would ask you to„

(2)We would feel obliged„

I should feel grateful for„

„will be greatly appreciated„

三、范文分析

No．3 Huangxing Road Changsha，410006

July 11，1999 Admission Office NanJing University Nanjing，210008 Dear Sir，I want to pursue a ph．D at your university．My intended of entrance is Autumn 2000．Your sending me application forms at your earliest convenience will be greatly appreciated.Sincerely yours

Li Mei [分析] 以上是Li Mei给Nanjing University招生办写的一封请求寄申请表的信。该请求 11 信包括了写信人地址(No．3 Huangxing Road，Changsha，410006)、日期(July 11，1999)、收信地址，因不知收信人姓名而写了招生办(Admission Office)，相应地称呼也写成Dear Sir，这样比较合适。正文开头“I want to„”直奔主题，道明了写信的目的，接着指明了入校时间为2000年秋，最后礼貌地请求他寄上申请表。在这里他用的是“„will be greatly appreciated”这个句型，而不仅仅是一个简单的”Thanks“。

四、练习

给某电脑公司的销售部经理写一封请求信，请求他给你寄该公司当天在《北京周末 报》广告中的家用电脑的详尽说明。[参考答案]

Baihai Road

Shanghai，200030 May 11，2000 Sales Manager Xinnan Computer Company NO，2 Leping Street Beijing，100082 Dear Sir，I’m interested in the personal computers which are advertised in today’s Beokom Weekend．I want very much to get the information about the various computers that you have．

I should feel much obliged if you will kindly send me some details of your computers．

Yours faithfully，Wang Lin

求职信（A Letter of Application）

一、题型分析

求职信是书信的一种。要求考生首先要熟悉普通书信的格式，同时突出自己与所求工作相关的经历和能力。另外，表达要清楚、具体，以便求职者能给对方留下深刻的印象，最后获得面试的机会。

二、应试技巧 1.正确运用格式

和其他普通书信一样，求职信由写信人的地址及写信日期、收信人的姓名及地址、称呼、12 正文、结束语、署名和附件七个部分组成。写信人的地址要详细，以便对方顺利通知写信人面试。收信人一般为求职单位的人事负责人。附件指个人简历、有关证明。2．正文要写清以下四个方面的内容

(1)具体指出所寻求的职位。

(2)描述自己受教育的程度、以前的工作业绩和工作能力。

(3)提供至少两个证明人及其联系地址和电话，放在“个人简历”中列出，否则在正文中体现。

(4)请求对方给予面试的机会。3．灵活运用求职信中常用的语句

(1)I would like to apply for the position„

This is an application for the position„

I wish to apply for the position„

(2)Please let me know if you want an interview．

Can we arrange an interview at your convenience?

I shall be much obliged if you will accord me an opportunity interview．

(3)I’m looking forward to hear from you shortly．

I hope to hear from you soon．

三、范文分析

Weymouth Street Charlottetown Price Edward Island, Canada CIA 4Z2 10 September，1998 Personnel Director Macro Engineering Co.600 Deepdale Drive Toronto，Ontario M5W 4R9 Dear Sir，I would like to apply for the senior position in your first-class standard Laboratory advertised in your advertisement．I graduated from Pacific Rim College in 1996 and got a B．S degree in Electrical Engineering．

After graduation I have been working at the Engineering Laboratory of Pacific Rim College 13 and have got much experience，And I trust I’m qualified to fill your position．

I’m enclosing my CV and looking forward to hearing from you shortly．

Yours Sincerely Alex Gawin [分析] 以上是Pacific Rim学院电子工程实验室工作人员Alex Gawin向Macro工程公司写的一封求职信。该求职信包含写信人地址(140 Weymouth Street Charlottetown，Prince Edward Island，Canada CIA 4Z2)和写信时间(10 September l998)、收信人姓名(Personnel Director)和地址(Macro Engineering Co．600 Deepdale Drive，Toronto，Ontario，M5W 4R9)、称呼(Dear Sir)、正文、署名(Alex Gawin)和附件(CV个人简历)六个部分。正文清楚地显示了所寻求的职位(the senior position in your first-class standards Laborary)、自己受教育的程度(graduated from Pacific Rim College，got a B．S degree in Electrical Engineering)电力机械专业理学土和工作经历及能力(have been working at the Electrical Engineering Laboratory of Pacific Rim College，have got much experience，trust that I’m qualified to fill your position)。至于证明人及其联系地址和电话放在附件“个人简历”(CV)之中。信中使用的套话有：

I would like to apply for„

I’m looking forward to hear from you shortly．

四、练习

根据下列招聘广告写一封求职信，字数不少于80个。

The Representative office Of

an oversea manufacturing

company is looking for an

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY

To assist General manager in his job，The person should be able to do the filing，take shorthand，deal with paperwork and correspondence in English，organize meetings and communicate with clients.Computer knowledge is a must preferably with technical background at least 3 years experience． [参考答案]

No．110 Shaoshan Road Changsha 410006, Hunan Nov．17，2000 Personnel Director 14 Oversea Manufacturing Company in Shanghai 120 Beihai Road, Shanghai 200040 Dear Sir，I wish to apply for the position as executive secretary in your company advertised in yesterday’s Guangming Daily．Since my graduation in 1998 from Hunan University with a B．S degree in Public Administration & service，I have been working as the General Manager’s executive secretary of a manufacturing company in Xiangtan and have got quite a lot of experience．Besides professional knowledge，I have a good command of computer and English．I’m sure I call fill your position．

I’m enclosing my CV and looking forward to hear from you shortly．

Yours faithfully

Chen Ming

慰问信(Letters of consolation)

一、题型分析

亲友生病、受伤或由于某种不幸事件蒙受了损失，应该写信表示慰问。考生在写作中应注意慰问信的格式和措词，如果情况并不严重或损失不大，慰问信可写得轻松一些；若是情况严重或损失惨重，就应该写得深沉一些。

总之，慰问信要格式正确，语言规范、简洁，感情真挚。

慰问信的写作在实用性文体中属中等难度的题型，考生得分一般在6-12分之间。最常见的错误是主题不突出，语言太罗嗦，或者欠规范。此外，考生往往忽略格式的写作，导致失分。

二、应试技巧 1．正确运用写作格式

由于慰问信通常是写给亲友的，彼此都较熟悉，其信内收信人地址、姓名、写信人地址及姓名均可以省略。所以慰问信的格式通常由日期(date)、称呼(salutation)、正文(body)、结束语(closing)及署名(signature)五部分组成。2.恰当选用如下常见句型

(1)开头常用的有：

I was shocked／saddened／distressed／grieved to hear that„

It was a great／profound shock to hear„

We have just heard／learned with profound sorrow／regret the sad tragic news(of)„

I just can’t tell you how sad I am(to hear of)„

We want to offer our deepest„／May I express my most heartfelt sympathy at the loss of„

(2)结尾常用的有：

Please accept our very sincere／heartfelt condolence／consolation in your great loss．

We hope our caring will make your sorrow easier to bear．

We hope that time will ease the sorrow of your recent loss．

May our sympathy and consolation help to comfort you．

Our thoughts are with you in this time of sorrow．

May your memories be a source of comfort．

If we can be of any help，please don’t hesitate to let us know． 3．正文部分应注意的三个方面

(1)尊重对方的感情，表达慰问的主题。同情和慰问应该是发自内心的，而且要亲切、温暖、富于人情。

(2)语言要简洁。所要表达的感情是丰富而复杂的，但这些感情不一定全写进一封信中，应去掉那些冗长的颂词和伤感的话，对方已经很悲痛了，不要用更大的悲痛或与此无关事情的冗长解释来加重他的负担。比如用一两句话表达对收信人已故父亲的尊重与仰慕，点到为止。

(3)表示愿意提供帮助。这一点不一定适合所有的情况，但如果动机是诚恳的，而且确实能够做到，那么在信中表示愿意帮助无疑是一种最有效的安慰。4．避免错误的文化迁移

中国学生受本族文化的影响，在写慰问信时往往发生错误的文化迁移，常使用类似这样的句子：”There is nothing anyone can say at a time like this．”“Words cannot express our feelings．”或“We don’t know what to say at this time．”这类话是极不应该出现的，它们显得似乎有意拉长一个表达悲伤的简短句子，而在对方需要帮助时却又无能为力。

三、范文分析

July 6，2001 My dear Margaret，Today I heard of the passing away of your father，for whom I had the greatest admiration and regard．I know the suddenness of it must have been a dreadful shock，and I will miss your father，as you will．

May your memories be a source of comfort．Please know，Margaret，that my heart and my thoughts are with you and your family．I wish I could do something to soften your grief．

Affectionately，Mary Haskins [分析] 这是Mary Haskins写给Margaret的一封慰问信。信写得真诚、亲切，设身处地替对方着想。首句巧妙地回避了令人反感和痛心的death，died，killed之类的词，而代之以pass away这一委婉语，表达了自己的慰问之情。紧接其后的“for whom I had the greatest admiration and regard”又表达了自己对朋友之父的尊敬与仰慕。因为“the suddenness of it must have been a dreadful shock”，所以Margaret此时的心情一定是很悲痛的，但是“I will miss your father，as you will”，虽然人已死，但是他的音容笑貌依然活在亲友的心中，并将永远被怀念，这对生者无疑是一种莫大的安慰。

信的结尾十分坦诚而热心地提出帮助：“I wish I could do something to soften your grief．”以实际的言行来帮助对方减少丧父之痛。

文中恰当选用了“May your memories be a source of comfort．”和”Please know that my heart and my thoughts are with you and your family．”给对方以慰藉和勇气。

四、练习

你(Harriet)的同事Mrs．Corbin不幸在一次撞车事故中受伤，伤势不重。请你代表全校教职工写一封慰问信，字数不得少于80个。[参考答案]

Aug．12，2000 Dear Mrs．Corbin，I feel I simply must write this note and tell you how much you are in the hearts and minds of everyone in school．

We were greatly shooked and saddened to hear the news of crash，But we were grateful，too，hat your injuries were not worse．We will miss your，but don’t concern yourself with your work here，we will take care of it for you．

The affection and best wishes of the entire school are with you，and everyone is hoping for your quick and complete recovery．

Sincerely yours

Harriet

投诉信(A letter of Complaint)

一、题型分析

相对于通知、请假等而言，投诉信篇幅长，难度大，失分率也相应地高。该题型要求考生能在20分钟内清楚地表达出自己所要投诉的事情。而考生的难点也主要在于如何才能措辞准确，使被投诉方没有反感。

二、应试技巧 1．了解投诉信的特点

投诉信作为一种私人信件，主要是指在日常生活中，人们因产品质量或对服务质量不满等原因而写的以求得问题解决的信，其主要内容包括：

(1)投诉内容

主要指投诉实物名称或抽象的服务态度等。

(2)投诉原因

主要指投诉内容出了何种问题。

(3)希望得到的结果

主要是指向被投诉的单位或个人求得解决问题的办法或希望返回其所付出的代价。

注意：因写投诉信的目的是为了求得一个解决问题的方法而不是为了泄愤，故在写信时语气要平和，语言不能过于尖刻。2．掌握常用句型或语句

(1)常用开头语句

I’m writing to you about the bed which I bought from your shop three days ago.I’m sorry to complain of the bad quality of„／the poor service of„

I choose to complain to you about„because I’m sure you will be able to have the problem solved．

(2)表述原因的句型

When we／I checked„，we／I noticed／found„

„，it did not work properly．

As you will realize，I was extremely upset to discover all this．

(3)结尾常用句型

Please let us／me know what you intend to do in this matter．

I’m returning„under／by separate post．

I’m looking forward to receiving a full refund of 500 yuan．

Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible．

三、范文分析

May 18，2001 Dear Sir，I have written two letters telling you that my telephone has been out of order for a few days，but I haven’t heard from you ever since．Now it is hard to get a connection，what is worse，it is ringing like mad every now and then．This causes us not only much inconvenience but also a lot of trouble．

Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.Yours sincerely，Li Fang [分析]这封投诉信是写信人投诉修理电话机的人未及时修理电话机。写信人一开头就以“I have written two letters„but I haven’t heard from you ever since“这一句子引出了投诉内容及原因即“the telephone has been out of order”and the repairers didn’t give any reply to the writter’s requirement，紧接着写信人说出了电话机出现的毛病以及这些毛病给人带来的不方便，最后以“Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible”这一句子结尾，直截了当地向被投诉人提出给予解决问题的办法。总体上说，这篇文章的语言较平和，写信人的态度也较为诚恳。

四、练习

①假定你叫李平，写信给店主投诉你买的羊毛夹克衫已坏，希望要回钱并请求解决问题的办法。

要求：字数不少于80词。

②假定你叫李华，写信投诉某商店营业员。

投诉内容：服务态度差。

投诉原因：某天路过一商店时看中一件毛皮大衣，故进去向营业员说明来意，当因她 给的大衣太大要求更换时，该营业员拒绝这一要求，并说你是买不起这种毛皮大衣的人。

希望得到的结果：要求道歉并希望经理能使她懂得如何为顾客服务。

要求：字数不少于80词，不能逐句翻译。[参考答案①]

Dec．25，2000 Dear Mr Manager，I’m sorry to complain to you about the bad quality of the woolen jacket I bought from your shop three months ago when I was in your area．

I’ve been wearing it only at weekends．but now the sleeves have worn badly．As you will realize，I’m extremely upset and annoyed at this.I hope I can have my money hack，if you don’t mind．I’m sorry to give you the trouble，but I’m sure you’ll be kind enough to have the problem solved.I’m returning the jacket under separate post，and enclose the receipt。I’m looking forward to receiving your early reply．

Yours faithfully

Li Ping [参考答案②]

Nov．12，2000 Dear Mr Manager，I’m very sorry to complain to you about the poor service in your store．

The day before yesterday when I was passing your shop，I happened to find a fur coat in the shopwindow which I liked very much．I went in and told a lady assistant(No.2)about my intention．

When l found the coat she showed me was too big，I asked her to show me a smaller one，but she refused，and said that I was not the one who could afford it.I hope she could make an apology to me and that you’ll make her understand how to serve customers．

Yours truly，Li Hua

道歉信(A Letter of Apology)

一、题型分析

道歉信的格式较普通书信简单。它的中心是如何解释清楚犯错的原因并向对方道歉。其特点是措词委婉，语气诚恳，最终达到使对方接受你的歉意的目的。

二、应试技巧 1．道歉信的格式

道歉信常用于熟悉的朋友之间，因而普通书信中的写信人地址、收信人姓名、地址可以 20 省略不写，写上日期、称呼、正文、结尾客套语及署名即可。特别注意日期应写在右上角。2．道歉信的正文

正文要求注意如下三点：

(1)以道歉语句开头。

(2)清晰明了地给出一个令人信服的理由。

(3)请求对方接受你的道歉。3．常用于道歉信的语句

(1)I’m terribly sorry for„

I’m awfully sorry that„

I’m very sorry to„

I regret that„

I regret to say that„

(2)Please accept my apology for„

You’ll accept my apology，won’t you?

I should be much obliged if you will please excuse me．

I hope you will accept my apology．

三、范文分析

July 2，2000 Dear Alison，I must apologize to you that I have lost the pen you lent me last Monday，I looked wherever I might have put it，but I just couldn’t find it I know it was a gift from your aunt，I’m going to buy a new one for you，I’m really sorry for being so careless，you’ll accept my apology，won’t you?

Yours，Jim [分析]以上是Jim因丢失了Alison的钢笔而写的一封道歉信，其格式规范，包括了日期(JuLy 2，2000)、称呼(Dear Alison)、正文、结尾客套语(yours)、署名(Jim)五个部分。正文一开头用了“I must apologize to you that„”诚恳地向对方道歉，接着解释了道歉的原因：“„lost the pen„”而且他正在采取补救措施：“I’m going to buy a new one for you．”最后承认这是因为自己的粗心大意：“I’m really sorry for being so careless，”并恳请对方原谅：“You’ll accept my apology，won’t you?“范文写得简洁明了，措词委婉，道歉者真诚的歉意溢于言表。其中所用到的套话有： I must apologize to you that„ I’m really sorry for„

You’ll accept my apology，won’t you?

四、练习

①Lucy昨天因母病未能去机场给朋友Mary送行，为此请以Lucy的名义写封道歉信。

②因Lily要出席一个重要会议，特将原定于11月25号的宴会推迟，请以此向Smith和Helen道歉。[参考答案①]

Sep．3，2000 Dear Mary，I’m awfully sorry that I couldn’t see you off at the airport yesterday．My mother fell ill and I had to take care of her at home．I hope you will accept my sincere apology．

Yours，Lacy [参考答案②]

Nov．12，2000 Dear Mr．Smith and Helen，I’m terribly sorry that the dinner we have planned for Nov．25 must be postponed．I’ll have to attend an important meeting that day.I’ll write soon to see what we canarrange in December，Thank you for thinking of me．

Sincerely yours，Lily

解雇信(A Letter of Dismissal)

一、题型分析

解雇信的格式比普通书信的格式还简单，考生比较容易掌握。考生感到困难的是如何措辞才能使其语言简练，语气肯定，解雇原因符合事实且通情达理，从而达到使对方对公司有好感的目的。

二、应试技巧 1．正确运用格式

解雇信是雇主写给雇员的，不要求回信，因双方的工作单位一致，所以写信人的地址和收信人的姓名和地址通常省略。一封解雇信由写信日期、称呼、正文、结束语和署名五个部分组成。

2．正文涉及的内容

(1)对被解雇职员表示抱歉。

(2)陈述解雇这一事实。

(3)解释解雇的原因。这一点尤为重要，原因要解释得合情合理，令人信服，且不能伤对方的自尊心，要注意语气委婉，有礼有节。

(4)以鼓励的话语作为结尾。3．常见的语句

(1)I regret having to tell you„

It is with deep regret that I must inform you„

I am sorry to be the one to tell you„

(2)We trust that several new positions will open for you．

I wish you the best in future employment．

I am sure you will soon find work more suited to your abilities．

We wish you well in your endeavor．

三、范文分析

Feb．18，2000 Dear Allan，I am sorry to be the one to tell you this，but your service will no longer be required．However，your pay will continue for two full months．The time is based on your years of service．

We have repeatedly asked you to put more effort and willingness into your work．We believe you have the potential to do a competent job；but your last 3 reports were late，incomplete and inaccurate，and therefore useless to our managers who rely on these reports for operating decisions．

Perhaps you should seek a job that is less demanding and has less critical deadlines．I am confident you will soon find work more suited to your abilities.Sincerely

Ecloise Madden [分析] 这是雇主Ecloise Madden因员工Allan工作表现差而将其解雇的一封信，包括写信日期(Feb．18，2000)、称呼(Dear Allan)、正文、结束语(Sincerely)和签名(Ecloise Madden)五个部分。信中运用了常见语句：“I am sorry to be the one to tell you„”“Perhaps you should 23 seek a job„to your ability．”前句表达雇主的遗憾之情，后句用以安慰和鼓励被解雇的职工。解雇原因通过一句话“„but your last 3 reports were late，incomplete and inaccurate and therefore useless to our managers„”解释得清楚明了。同时，通过被动语态(„but your service will be no longer be required．)和现在完成时(We have repeatedly asked you„)暗示我们一直苦口婆心规劝你，可你不听，从而产生今天我们迫不得已解雇你这一事实，从而让被解雇人明白：造成今天这个结局的原因主要在自己身上，雇主和公司方已经做到了仁至义尽。此外，通过肯定其工作能力(you have the potential to do a competent job)以维护被解雇人的自尊心。

四、练习

中友光学仪器公司因使用生产过程自动控制系统(the automatic control system of the production process)需要裁减一批员工，其中包括李明。请以董事长Mr Carol的名义给他写一封解雇信，字数不少于80个。[参考答案]

June 25，2000 Dear Mr Li，It is with deep regret that I must inform you of the recent decision to terminate your association with Zhongyou Optical Instruments Company.Because of the automatic control system of the production process，we have to cut down our manpower resourees，and several employees have,unfortunately,suffered in the process．

Your work here has been admirable，and I will certainly provide you with the highest of recommendations if called upon to do so．

With your skills and abilities to work with people，I am sure you will soon find a position with another company．Wish you the best in future employment．

Sincerely yours

Carol

借据和收条(IOU and Receipt Forms)

一、题型分析

借据和收条格式简单，正文开头有固定的句型引导，要求考生能熟练地运用常用句型并简明扼要地写清字据的内容。

二、应试技巧

1．注意简单格式在不同情况下的区别

借据和收条一般由日期、正文、署名三部分组成，但借款借据一般要写抬头(To Mr Smith)，而借物借据和收条均可省略抬头。2．注意不同字据内容表述上的细节性差别

(1)借物借据常以“Borrowed from„”这个句型引导，写明何人何物即可。

(2)借款借据常以“I，O，U”开头，也可写成“IOU”，它是“I owe you”(我欠你)的缩写形式，即汉语中的“今借到”、“今借”。接着要写明所借款的数额及币种，如果是定期偿还的还应写上归还的具体日期，带利息的应写明利息多少。利息常以厘为单位，用百分比表示，如：5 percent per annum意思是年息五厘。若要说明用途，则在其后加“for„”。

(3)收条开头常以“Received from„”或“Receive of„”引导，相当于汉语中的“今收到”、“收到”，再写明收到的具体内容。3．牢记并恰当运用固定表达

I，O，U„

Borrowed from„for„

Received of／from„

三、范文分析 Sample 1

Feb.2, 2000 To Mr John，IOU three thousand yuan only(RMB)，to be paid within three months from this date with interest at sIX per cent per annum．

Liu Li [分析]这是一张定期偿还的借款条据，其格式正确，内容简单明了。它用了我们写借据时常用的“IOU„”开头来说明借了3000元整，括号中的RMB指明了币种。接着写了归还的日期和利息(six percent per annum年息6厘)。Sample 2

May 8，2000 Borrowed from professor kerry an English-Chinese Dictionary．

Lucy [分析]借物字据较借款字据简单，不必写抬头，只须写明借何人何物即可。Sample 3

April 11，1999 25

Received from the English Department the sum of eight hundred US dollars(US $800)，being my salary for the month of April，1999．

K．Grace [分析] 收据格式与借据相同，但省略抬头，范文中的”Received from the English Deparunent the sum of eight hundred US dollars(US $800)”清楚地告诉我们：收到英语系共800美元。在写款额时比较谨慎，不仅写明了“eight hundred US dollars”，又在括号里标明了，这样很难被涂改。接下来的“being my salary for the month of April，1999“指出了钱的用途，如不需说明也可省略。

四、练习

①写一张借条，内容为Li Bin欠Mrs．smith 5000美元，将在立字据起两年内偿还，年息为3厘。

②Peter John于2000年9月1日收到李平缴纳的住宿费600元人民币，请以此写一张收条。

③Lily于1999年3月4日收到高等教育出版社《实用业务英语》100本，以此写一张收条。[参考答案①]

Oct．10，2000 To Mrs Smith，I.O.U five thousand US dollars(US $5000)to be paid within two years from this date with interest at three per cent per annum.Li Bin [参考答案②]

Sep．1，2000 Received from Mr．Li Ping six hundred Yuan(RMB)for accommodation fee．

PeterJohn [参考答案③]

March 4，1999 Received from the Highter Education Press one hundred copies of Practical Professional,English．

Lily

证明(Certificate)

一、题型分析

证明或证书涉及面较广，凡是证明一个人的身份、经历或某件事情真相的信或文件，都叫做证明或证书。如证明一个人出生、死亡以及学历等内容。

证明的书写格式与普通书信格式基本相同，要注意其措词和内容。此外，还要注意证明的权威性。

二、应试技巧 1．正确运用格式

前文提到过，证明的格式与一般书信格式大致相同，只是在称呼(thesalutation)位置上一般写上“To whom it may concem，(i)”，而不须写收信人姓名、地址和结束语。通常在信笺的上方先注明Certificate(证书)字样，然而写将要证明的内容，最后在右下方署上自己的名字或单位名称。2．写清证明内容

无论是证明还是证书，都要求在正文(the body)开头就写上证明内容。一般采用的句型是：

This is to certify that„(兹证明„„)3．证明或证书应该是权威的

证明中应体现写信人作为一个专家的专业地位、职业或者体现所代表机构的权威性。

三、范文分析

October 7，2000 TO whom it may concern，This is to certify that Miss Liu Ning has been employed in our company as a typist for the past five years and has been working to oyr complete satisfaction.She has faithfully attended to her duties and has proved herself to be industrious and thoroughly reliable．Now she is leaving as we have no further need of her service．Any inquiries regarding her will be answered．

Yours faithfully

Shao Qiang Director of the office [分析]上面是一位办公室主任邵强给刘宁小姐写的一封证明，刘宁小姐由于公司不再需要打字员而离职。这封信简短，但包括了证明信的基本要素：写信日期(October 7，2000)、称呼(To whom it may concern)、证明的正文(This is to certify that„)、结束语(yours faithfully)27 和署名(Shao Qiang)，署名中列出写信人的职位(Director of the Office)，表明了这封信的权威性。

信中还提到刘宁小姐的具体工作表现：“She has faidfully attended to her duties and has proved herself to be industrious and thoroughly reliable”，语言规范、正式，措词严谨。此外，还说明了我们是怎样受益于她的工作的(„her work has been to our complete satisfaction)。

四、练习

以北京大学校长的身份写一封证明信，证明学生林涛在本校英语系研修英国语言、文学和文化课程。[参考答案]

Peking University November 12，1998 To whom it may concern，This is to certify that Mr．Lin Tao has attended a courne in English Language，Literature and Culture from September l995 to July l996 in the Faculty of English．

Wang Gang

President of the University

推销信(A Letter of Sales Promotion)

一、题型分析

该题型要求考生正确掌握推销信的写作格式，简单、清晰地描写所推销产品的特色。语言要生动有力，重点突出，以达到鼓动顾客购买该产品的目的。如果考生对某一产品的特色了解不够，那么特色描写就成为推销信写作之中的拦路虎，因此失分就会比较多。

二、应试技巧 1．正确运用格式

推销信由写信人的地址和写信时间、收信人的姓名和地址、称呼、正文、结束语和署名六大部分组成。如果面对某个地方的所有顾客或不知顾客的姓名，可以省略第二部分即收信人的姓名和地址。2．正文写作应注意的技巧

(1)使用有说服力的词语如：advantage，confidence，economical，effective，fair，free，lowest cost，new，money-making，powerful，good quality，successful，valuable等等，为推销信增色。

(2)使用刺激视觉的手段，包括大写、斜体字、黑体字、引号、下划线、破折号、着重号、表格等吸引顾客的注意力。

(3)特色描述不可面面俱到，只能突出重点，否则难以给顾客留下深刻的印象。

(4)使用富有趣味的开头语句，如一句不寻常的评论、一个故事、名人名言等。

(5)结尾时明确示意顾客立即行动起来。别忘了给顾客提供自己的联系地址和联系办法。3．常见的推销语句

(1)Here is an indispensable invention for anyone who„

I wonder if you have ever had an experience like this one——This may be your last chance to„

(2)So do the right thing for yourself——mail the card today.Send no money，simply mail the card．

Our supply is limited．Act now!We will be happy to assist you．please give us a call．

Send no money．If not satisfied，don’t pay．

三、范文分析

Federal Drug Administration 532 Overbrook Road Michigan 48013 January 4，1999 No．111，Madison Avenue New York，NY100017 Dear Madame，If you have a weight problem，do not despair．The Federal Drug Administration has approved the weight-loss medication“Ionamin”，which is effective and doesn’t have the harmful effects of other medications．

But this is only part of our complete procedure that promises proper weight loss．We perform a medical examination，including heart-rhythm test，blood tests and basic medical history．

From this we can prescribe the proper medication——if needed——diet，and exercise．Each person is different，and you will be treated as an individual．

Weight loss can be promised，but keeping your weight at its proper level can be achieved only with your cooperation and persistence．

Call me at 000—0000 for a free consultation．We can help you maintain your desired weight．

Sincerely

Federal Drug Administration

Atwood

Sales Manager [分析] 以上是美国联邦药物经营公司销售部经理Atwood给纽约市麦迪逊大卫110号的一位女士写的一封推销减肥药的信。其组成部分为写信人的地址(Federal Drug Administration，532 Overbrook Road，Michigan 48013)和写信时间(January 4，1999)、收信人的地址(No．111，Madison Avenue，其姓名因不知道而省略)、称呼(Dear Madame)、正文、结束语(Sincerely)和署名(Atwood)，这里为了增加可信度，附有推销人的工作单位及职务(Federal Drug Administration，sales manager)。

正文部分使用了有说服力的词如effective，promises，free，desired等；引号、破折号等视觉刺激手法；重点描述“Ionamin”药品的减肥优势(effective and doesn’t have the harmful effects of other medications)，最后留下了一个免费咨询的电话号码000—O000。

四、练习

请以上海贸易有限公司销售部经理王强的名义，写一封推销“大鹏”牌(“ROC”)卷笔刀的信。字数不得少于80个。[参考答案]

Shanghai Trading Co．Ltd．

NO．10，Jinhua Road

Shanghai 200031

May 10，2001 No．12 Zhongshan Road Changsha 410008 Dear Sir or Madame，We have a point to make——Our“ROC”sharpeners do more than just put a point on your pencil．It will sharpen your pencil down to the last stub without harming the lead core．

Famed for 40 years for quality and low cost，“ROC”pencil sharpeners are sold around the world．

If you have a“ROC”，you have a fine aid to writing，but also have a decorative piece for your desk——or a toy for your child．

We will be happy to assist you．Please call at 021-543703207 for a free consultation．

Yours truly

Shanghai Trading Co．Ltd．

Wang Qiang

Sales Manager

简历(Resume)

一、题型分析

简历是一个人的工作经历、教育和兴趣爱好的总结。

简历其实是一种广告，为了使雇主安排自己参加面试，简历应该写得整洁、具体、准确。

二、应试技巧

(1)格式可以多样化。甚至可以以图表的形式出现。但总的原则是简洁明了．一目 了然。

(2)简历可以因个人情况不同而有差异，但大致应该包括以下几个方面的内容。

①个人资料(Personal Information)。包括简历人的姓名、性别、详细地址、邮编、电子邮件地址甚至国籍等。

②受教育情况(Education)乙列出就读的每所学校的名称和地址，学习的起止年月，尤其要突出与目前求职的工作紧密相关的课程。

③个人经历(Experience)。列出所有曾从事的工作，包括专职和兼职工作，乃至假期临时性的工作。从事每项工作的时间、雇主、职衔以及职责都应一一按顺序陈列清楚。

④附件(References)，包括权威人士的证明信，或推荐信，或者说明附件备索。

三、范文分析

Resume Wang Mingda 1200 Sichuan Road，Chengdu Sichuan 610000 The People’s Republic of China Job objective：a position as a computer programmer Experience：Programming ——Skilled in computer programming．

Analysis——Developed skill in analyzing flow charts，programs，and systems

procedures．

Organization——Highly organized with demonstrated leadership skill in coordinating

and motivating team members．

Human Relations——Able to work well with people，work hard and make significant

contributions to an organization Education：Bachelor of science，Chongqing University，1994． Minor：Computer Science Work History：August，1995~August，1996，Engineer，Xinglong Electronics，Inc．Chongqing September，1994~July，1995，technician，Dongfang Computer Company，Chengdu Foreign Language：Studied English throughout the undergraduate years；Excellent reading

ability，good at translation and good spoken English Personal Data： Date of Birth：March 20，1971 Place of Birth：Chengdu，Sichuan Province，China Marital Status：Single

Health：Excellent Interests：Sports，theatre，reading Reference：Available upon request [分析] 这是四川成都市王明达的一份个人简历。整个简历虽然没有以表格形式出现，但布置整齐(主要项目实行左对齐)。包括六个方面的主要内容(Personal Information，Experience，Education，Work History，Foreign Language和Reference)。全面、系统地介绍了自己过去学习、工作的情况。在列出个人信息之后，明确列出了求职意向(Job objective)是a position as a computer progrmmner，让雇主一目了然。个人经历又分四项(Programming，Analysis，Organization，Human Relations)详细回顾任职资历，充分地向雇主证明了自己的能力。在教育一项中，突出了自己所获得的学位“Bachelor of Science，1994 Chongqing University”，所主攻的专业是“Computer Science“。然后进一步说明自己并非只具有专业知识，还兼有丰富的工作经验，曾在“Xinglong Electronics，Inc．Chongqing”担任“Engineer”一职，又曾作过"“Technician，Dongfang Computer Company，Chengdu”。最后，以所掌握的ForeignLanguage来证明自己除专业外，外语也学得不错，是一个全面发展的人才。

四、练习

根据以下中文信息写份英文简历。

姓名：约翰·史密斯

国籍：美国

目前所在地址：美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市高街506号

电话：101—818—4575911

传真：010—818—4575912 32

出生日期：1964年4月9号

出生地点：纽约

已婚，生有一女。1970—1978年，在纽约Walshall Elementary School学习，1978~1982年在洛杉矶Lincoln High School学习，1982~1986年在University of California的Law School学习。上大学期间始终学习法语，具有很好的阅读能力，且擅长笔译，并能流利地交谈。从1986-1988年在加利福尼亚大学任助教，1988年至今在该大学任讲师。希望寻求一份律师工作，原因是本人一直渴望作律师，因为这工作不仅有趣，而且有助于提高工作能力，薪金也很诱人。[参考答案]

Resume Name：John Smith Present Address：506 High Street Los Angeles，California U．S．A．

Tel No:101—818—4575911

Fax No:O1O—818—4575912 Date of Birth: April 9th，1964

Place of Birth: New York Nationality: American

Marital Status:Married，1 daughter Education: 1970~1978；Walshall Elementary School N．Y．

1978~1982：Lincoln High Sch001，Los Angeles 1982~1986：Law School，University of California Foreign Language：I had been studying French for four years at college．Now I have excellent reading ability．I am good at translation and can talk with others in French fluently． Work Experience：1986~1988，Teaching Assistant，University of California 1988~present，Lecturer，University of California Job Objective：a lawyer Reasons：I have been longing to work as a lawyer，because the work is not only interesting but also provides me with more chances to improve my ability．Besides，the salary is very attractive.33

第二篇：高职高专英语A级考试辅导材料-听力部分辅导资料

第一章 听力理解应试技巧

一、题型分析

《高等学校英语应用能力考试大纲》(以下简称《大纲》)规定：听力理解是测试考生理解所听对话、会话和简单短文的能力，所力材料的语速为每分钟120词。本部分的比分占总分的15％，测试时间为15分钟，对话、会话和短文以日常生活和交际中的实用性内容为主，词汇限于《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》(以下简称《基本要求》)词汇表的范围。

英语应用能力听力考试分为两种模式即选择模式和听写模式。选择模式包括section A对话和section B段落理解两种题型，要求对所听材料进行快速理解分析，做出合理选择，选出问题所对应的相关选项；听写模式出现于section C中，考生除了要进行正确的听力理解，还要进行短时记忆、信息记录、书面表达。这一种考试题型较前两种题型难度要大一些，如果考生的语言基本功不扎实，该题的得分一般来说不会理想。

二、对话部分应试技巧

历年考题都把对话设置在听力理解的第一部分(section A)，并采用灵活多变的方式考查学生日常生活中的信息接收能力和快速判断能力，听完一遍对话后要在15—20秒钟内读完四个选项并做出合理选择。Section A包括5—10道题，每题由一组对话及一个提问组成。

对话部分常包括下列题型： 1.计算题

该题要求考生对所听到的数字进行运算，并得出一个新的重要信息。该题解题关键 在于听清两个已知数字的关系并采用正确的算法。对于高校学生来说，口头速算是小学 阶段就已经解决了的问题，但用英文表达出来的数字信息听起来就有一定的难度。这类 计算题通常有价格计算、时间计算等。[例1]You will hear：

W：What is the time by your watch?

M：Eight fifty three，but my watch is ten minutes slow．

Q：What is the exact time now?

You will read：

A)8:53

B)8:57

C)9:00

D)9:03

本题关键在于“ten minutes slow”，因此D)为正确答案。[例2]You will hear：

M：How much are the tickets?

W：Ten dollars for the general public，but student tickets are half price．

Q：How much will the man pay for two student tickets?

You will read：

A)Five dollars．

B)Twenty dollars．

C)Fifteen dollars．

D)Ten dollars．

本题测试学生理解明示信息的能力，要求考生听懂细节。女士说：“普通票10美元，学生票半价。”买两张学生票应付10美元，因此，答案为D)。[例3]You will hear：

W：Wasn’t our appointment fOr 10:30?

M：It was．But l had to be 15 minutes late．

Q：What time did the man arrive?

Yal will read：

A)10:00

B)10:30

C)10:45

D)11:15

本题关键在于听懂“I had to be 15 minutes late”，故选C)。[例4]You will heal：

W：If we hurry we can take the express train and save an hour．

M：Yes．The express takes only three hours to get to New York．

Q：How long does it take the local train to New York?

You will read：

A)One hour．

B)Two hours．

C)Three hours．

D)Four hours．

考生若能听懂第一句，就不难选出本题的正确答案D)。

注意下列与计算题有关的关键信息词和短语：

spend，cost

花费

save，spare

节省

buy，purchase

购买

plus

加上还有

amount

数量

dollar；cent

美元；美分

pound；penny

英镑；便士

change

零钱

twice；couple；double；pair

两次；一对；双；一副

quarter

四分之一

dozen

一打，12个

score

二十

percentage

百分比

10％ discount 优惠了10％，打9折

times as much as

是„„的2倍

knock 20％ off the price

降价20％

take 2 pills a time，3 times a day

吃药一日三次，一次两粒

zero point six

0.6

nine forty-five／a quarter to ten

9:45 five thirty／half past five

5:30

twelve fifty／ten to one

12:50

the day before yesterday

前天

the day after tomorrow

后天

every day

每天

every other day

每隔一天

the other day／a few days ago

几天前

week days

工作日(周一至周五)

from nine a．m．to five p．m．

从早上9点到下午5点

more；less

多；少

early；late

早；晚

fast；slow

快；慢

before；after

前；后

ahead of time；earlier

提前

put off；delay；postpone

延迟 2．推理判断题

推理判断题是听力测试中一个主要的题型，也是难度较大的一类题型，其特点是说话人表达思想的方式比较含蓄，往往不能为选择书面答案提供直接的信息。

(1)相关词推理题

在小对话中相关词推理题不乏其题，这要求考生在解答这类题目时把握语境相关词，然后进：—步推知可能问到的对话发生地点(Where does the conversation take place?)、人物职业及身份(What does the man do?What is the occupation of the woman?)、人物关系(What is the probable relationshipbetween the two speakers?)。

听力对话离不开特定语境，理解对话内容首先就要辨认语境相关词，然后做出合理推断。

下面列举出一些以地点为主题的词群，这些词群在各种听力考试中常常出现。

①School 学校

dormitory

宿舍

campus

校园

required course

必修课

department

系

scholarship

奖学金

elective／optionel course 选择课

freshman

(大学)一年级学生

undergraduate

本科生

junior

(大学)三年级学生

sophomore(大学)二年级学生

graduate

研究生

senior

(大学)四年级学生

credit

学分

language lab

语音室

tuition fee

学费

paper

论文 ②Hospital 医院

pill

药丸

medicine

药品

surgeon

外科医生

capsule

胶囊 dentist

牙医

treatment

治疗

fever

发烧

vomit

呕吐

stomachache

胃疼

emergency room 急诊室

X-rays X

光

③Restaurant

餐厅

Order

点菜

Chicken

鸡肉

fish

鱼

sandwich

三明治

pizza

比萨饼

hamburger

汉堡包

pudding

布丁

beef

牛肉

noodle

面条

coffee

咖啡

soup

汤

salad

色拉 ④Hotel 旅馆

check in

登记人住

receptionist

接待员

sinSleroom

单人间

suite

套间

physician

内科医生

operation

手术

cough

咳嗽

flu

流感

faint

昏迷

headache

头疼

menu

菜单

reserve a table 订一张桌位

waiter

男侍者

waitress

女侍者

customer

顾客

pay the bill

买单

fork

叉

knife

刀

spoon

勺

egg

鸡蛋

tip

小费

make a reservation

订房间

check out

结账离开

receptiondesk

接待处

double room

双人间

air-conditioner

空调

bathroom

浴室 ⑤Post office 邮局

airmail

航空信

mail；send；post

邮寄

stamp

邮票

registered letter

挂号信

parcel

包裹

overweight

超重

postal clerk

邮局职员

telegram

电报

postage

邮资 ⑥Bank银行

cash

现金

overdraw

透支

savings account

户头

deposit money

存钱

⑦Airport 机场

flight number

航班号

passenger

乘客

land

着陆

passport

护照

see sb off

送行 ⑧Railway Station 火车站

one way ticket

单程车票

express

快车

⑨Telephone office 电话局

leave a message

留言

hold the line

别挂电话

ring sb up

给某人打电话

hang up

挂断电话

have a telephone installed安装一部电话 ⑩Library 图书馆

librarian

馆员

borrow

借入

loan

借出

traveller’s check 旅行支票

credit card

信用卡

open an account

开户

interest

利息

flight

航班

flight schedule

航班时刻表

departure

离开

take off

起飞

platform

站台

round-trip ticket

往返车票

operator

接线员

long distance call 长途电话

dial a number

拨号

The line is busy

占线

renew

续借

retum

归还

library card

借书证

check out

办手续借出

fine

罚款（11）Office办公室

secretary

秘书

boss

老板

cmployer

雇主

manager

经理

interviewer

面试考官

employee

雇员

job applicant

求职者

interviewee

面试者

type a letter

打印信件

qualification

资历

arrange the file

整理文件

send a fax

发传真

printer

打印机

computer

电脑

resulne

简历

xerox

复印机

position；post

职位

experience

经验

income

收入

以上总结并非面面俱到，做题时还会碰到其他一些对话语境，如cinema、shop、laundry(洗衣店)、tlavel agency(旅行社)、wedding(婚礼)、graduation(毕业典礼)等。[例1]You will hear：

W：Are these treatments really necessary?

M：I’m afraid so，Miss Jones.You’ll see some result soon．

Q：Where does this conversation most pmbably take place?

You will read：

A)In a doctor’s office．

B)In a professor’s office．

C)In a lawyyer’s office．

D)In a businessman’s office．

本题要求考生判断对话发生的地点，主要考的是理解treatmenks(治疗，疗法)这个词在对话中的含义。男士的回答是：“不久你就会看到——些效果。”男士显然是——位医生，因此，对话最有可能发生在医生的诊所，答案是A)。[例2]You will hear：

M：I don’t have an appointment，but could I see Mr．Wang just a few minutes?

W：I’m very sorry，but he meets people only by appointment．

Q：Who is probably the woman?

You will read：

A)The man’s boss。

B)Mr．Wang’s colleague．

C)The man’s secretary．

D)Mr．Wang’s secretary．

本题测试考生辨别人物职业身份。从文中“but he meets people only by appomtment”得知“he”为老板，则可推断说话的“woman”为老板的秘书，正确选项为D)。[例3]You will hear：

W：How long will it take you to fix my watch?

M：I’ll call you when it is ready，but it shouldn’t take longer than a week．

Q：What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

You will read：

A)Librarian and student．

B)Customer and repainnan。

C)Boss and secretary。

D)Operator and caller．

本题是推断人物关系题，句中语境相关词不太明显，但女士在询问中明确提到“fixmy watch”，与修理手表有关，故推知男士必然有此类专长，而四组人物关系分唰是：A)图书管理员和学生，B)顾客与修理工，C)老板和秘书，D)电话接线员和打电话者，故正确选择项为B)。

(2)意义解释推断题

这种题型涉及到考生是否具有扎实的语言基本功，能否一次听懂较复杂的语言信息。这就要求考生通过语音语调，根据对话的内涵，利用逻辑推理的思维过程来判断说话人的真实意图。

推理判断题的典型提问形式：

What does the man／woman mean／imply?

What do we learn from the conversation?

What call be concluded from the conversation? [例1]You will hear：

W：0h，heHo．I’m calling about an invoice you’ve sent us．

M：I’m afraid this office doesn’t deal with invoices．

Q：What does the man mean?

‘

You will read：

A)He couldn’t find the invoice the woman wanted．

B)The woman called the wrong department．

C)He wasa’t sure about the affair．

D)The woman shouldn’t bother him．

此题要求考生根据对话推断出男士讲话的含义。对话中女士想要了解有关发票(invoice)一事，而男士却说本部门与发票一事无关。因而在4个选项中，惟有B)最合题意，是本题的正确答案。[例2]You will hear：

M：Could you tell me the train schedule to London?

W：There is a train going to London every hour from 6 a．m to 8 p．m.0：What do we know about the man?

You will read：

A)He will soon leave London．

B)He is on board a train．

C)He is going to take a trip.D)He is late for the train．

本题要求考生根据对话内容对男士的行为作出推断。男士要了解前往伦敦的火车时刻表，女士告诉他上午6点到晚上8点每小时一班，选项A)、B)、D)与对话情景不符，故答案为选项C)。[例3]You will hear：

W：Hello，Mr walters，is there anything l can do for you?

M：I’d like to see Mr．Benson about your company’s new product．

0：What does Mr walters want?

You will read：

A)To sell a product to Mr．Benson．

B)To invite Mr.Benson to his company.C)TO discuss something with Mr.Benson．

D)To place an order with Benson’s company．

答案为选项C)。此题测试考生理解信息的能力，题目要求回答Mf．Waiters到公司来有什么事，而男土在回答中说：“我想就贵公司的新产品与MrBenson见一面。”选项A)、B)和D)都属于主观推测，缺乏事实根据。[例4]You will hear：

W：Who’s your new secretary，Tom?

M：Miss Brown．I’m very，pleased with the work she’s been doing so far．

Q：What do we know about Tom’s secretary?

You will read：

A)She’s not efficient．

B)She’s often late．

C)She’s capable．

D)She’s honest．

本题测试考生推测理解的能力，要求考生能听懂男士说话的深层含义。首先必须抓住关键问题，通过其表层意思去发掘深层意思。男士在谈话中指出，“到目前为止，我对她所做的工作非常满意”，不言而喻，这个秘书是非常有能力的，所以选项C)是正确答案了。

3．对话部分解题技巧

(1)信息预测及推理

对话听力录音一次放完，实考中气氛紧张，如果考生不能全神贯注，思维灵活，消除被动迎战，往往会反应迟缓，措手不及，落入出题者预先设置的一系列陷阱中。改变这一种被动状态的最好方法是进行听前预测，与speakers抢时间，利用自己的经验和洞察力推测关键信息和考查的内容，做到知己知彼。

(2)注意关键信息指示语

从对话的出题习惯可以看出第二个speaker所说的话至关重要，而且通常对第一个speaker的话进行解释、补充或回答，在其中设置——些词组、惯用语、特殊表达，有时用较长的句子来考验考生的反应速度和准确性，出题者常常会在第二个speaker的言语中设置一个关键信息提示语，提醒考生：要问的话即将发生，应集中精力听好这句话。

关键信息提示语往往是具有逻辑关系的某些连词和过渡语，可以用来表转折、因果关系、建议等。如but，however，instead，no，not really，yet，to be honest，because，why not，asfar as I know，as a matter of fact，等。

[例1] W：Do you mind if I open the window?

M：As a matter of fact，I’m feeling a bit cold．

Q：What does the man want the woman to do?

答案为：Leave the window closed．

[例2] M：I hear you didn’t buy the coat.Did it cost too much?

W：No，I had enough money and I wanted to buy it，But they didn’t have my size．

Q：Why didn’t the woman buy the coat?

答案为：It didn't fit her．

三、短文部分应试技巧

短文部分听力包括Section B和Section C。

Section B题型一般有5个题，分别安排在两段较长会话或短文之后。每段会话或短文只读一遍，然后就其内容提问，内容一般为交际会话、讲演、叙事、沦述等，每篇长度一般为100个英语单词左右。Section C通常给出长度为130个词左右的短文，要求考生听完录音后就短文回答5个问题，通常每一个问题的答案都已经给出一两个信息词。Section C这种题型考查学生的听力、逻辑思维能力，以及包括语法和词汇在内的语言运用及书面表达能力，它是集听、读、写于一体的测试题型。这种题型使试题形式主客观相结合，从而进一步提高考试的信度和效度，使其更加科学、完善。短文部分主要考查考生听懂材料、抓住材料的主要内容和重要细节，并且加以归纳总结乃至推断的能力。如果说听力部分是整个试卷中的难点，那么短文理解则是难中之难，很多考生听而生畏，做而却步，甚至有的考生干脆放弃了该题。那么它究竟难在何处?应采取何种对策? 1．难点分析

①对话部分要求对语句理解，而短文部分则属于语篇水平理解，更强调整体性和逻辑性，考生不仅要听懂，而且要概括、分析、综合、记忆所听到的信息，这一系列活动都要在十几秒钟内完成。

②对话部分内容涉及的不过是日常生活中人人都经历了的事件；而短文部分内容包罗万象，人文科学、社会科学、自然科学应有尽有。有的内容相当一部分考生是第一次了解，知识性强，话题变化大，考生几乎完全处于被动状态。从某种意义上说，考生是在通过听力形式接触新东西。

③对话部分用词简单，结构日常化，而短文部分因其内容决定了其用词面广，信息量大，相当于准书面语言。

④对话部分问题拐弯抹角，答案在录音材料中交待得比较含蓄婉转，而短文部分问题直接，答案在材料中表现得比较明确。

⑤对话部分选择项在音、形、义上对录音原文干扰性强，考生必须掌握其同义、近义、反义、近音、近形词，短文部分选择项对原文干扰作用小。2．提问形式

短文部分的提问形式主要分为两大类：主题类和细节类。主题类即对短文的中心思想、主旨大意进行提问，细节类即对短文中所涉及的情节、人物、事件的因与果进行提问。

①主题类问题

What is the main topic／idea of the passage?

What is the best title of the passage?

What does the story imply?

What can we learn／infer from the passage?

②细节类问题

What is the reason for„?

Where does the„?

How does sb feel about„?

When does„?

Why„? 3．解题技巧

①听前预测。听前扫视选择项，预测短文内容和可能提出的问题，考生可利用Direetion的播放时间快速抢读卷面上的选择项，寻找重复率高的词，并将这些词在意义上串联起来，运用自己的知识和判断力，初步确定文章内容。然后捕捉选项之间的不同点，从而对提问作大致判断。

②注意开头结尾，抓住主题思想。短文虽短，但也像一部结构严谨的戏剧，有序幕、展开和结局，序幕即开头最为重要，文章的主题一般在开头交待。因此，听懂了开头一两句，至少能答对1-2题。

③仔细聆听细节，理清文章的脉络。一般来说，提问的顺序和录音原文内容的展开基本同步。考生可按录音的进展顺序阅读选择项，根据预测的问题，初步圈定答案范围。这样，问题一旦提出，即可迅速作出选择，腾出时间转向下题。

④听懂问题是关键，否则，即使听懂原文也可能答非所问，前功尽弃。

⑤听后检查，核对答案在意义上的逻辑连贯性。每篇短文的几个问题虽然各不相同，但出自同一篇文章，在逻辑意义上应该是连贯的。如果问题的答案相互矛盾，那么肯定其中有错。

⑥如果漏听某一句或遇到生词，不要慌乱，留意“thatis”，“in other words”，“namely"等解释性词句，追加理解错过的或不懂的内容。

⑦在做长对话及段落理解时，考生往往会出现下列反应：

a．有两三个单词没听懂，导致后面的句子都听不进去。

b．有某个长单词似乎记得，为了回忆起该单词，一下错过了三四句话，因小失大。

c．第一句总是听不进去，段落读到快一半了，才逐渐进入状态。

d．段落句型太复杂，只能把若干单词记住，就是不知道句子在说什么。

e．只顾看选项，听到的信息一个也没记住。

f．每一句话都仔细听，而且听懂了，只是看选项时发现细节都没记住。

根据上述障碍，建议日常训练方法——跟读。其练习过程如下：

Stepl：每听完一个句子按下暂停键，复述听到的内容。

Step2：每听完两三个句子按下暂停键，复述听到的内容。

Step3：听完一个完整的长对话或段落后让录音停止，复述或概述全部内容。

第三篇：专升本考试英语写作辅导资料

专升本考试英语写作辅导资料

一、说明文Exposition型

1）Hot Issue型 模板一 1

With the development of modern industry,more and more people are concerned about the

problem that ______________(主题问题).Accordingly,_______________________________(伴随主题问题出现的新问题)is becoming more and more serious.Confronted with ___________________________(主题问题), weshould take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For onething, _____________________________(解决方法 1).For another, _________________________________(解决方法 2).Finally，_________________________________(解决方法 3).As far as I am concerned, the best way outis ________________________(解决方法 4).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future isawaiting us because ____________________(解决方法4的优点和好处).模板二 2

With the development of the society, withthe advent of _____________(相关事物或现象), we have to face a problem that______________________(主题问题).What are the reasons for it? In thefollowing paragraphs, I’ll venture to explore the reasons.To

start with, _____________________(阐述原因 1).Moreover,________________________(阐述原因 2).In addition,____________________________________(阐述原因3).Inview of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken.Forone thing, it is

high time that people all over Chinarealized the importance of __________________(解决主题问题).For another, the government should issuestrict laws and regulations in order to put the situation under control.2）图表型

模板一（适用于单一图表题型）1

As is seen from the table / graph / chart,_____________(图表所描述的事物 A)ascent

significantly from __________(数字 1)in __________(年份 1)to ____________(数字 2)in __________(年份 2)while over the same period,_______________(图表所描述的事物 B)shrank slightly from _________(数字

3)to ___________(数字 4).It can be observed easilythat _____________________________________(分析图表所反映的问题).There are many reasons responsible forthis.In the following paragraphs, I’ll venture to explore the reasons.For one thing, _________________(原因 1).For another, ________________(原因 2).Inaddition, _________________________(原因3).However, this table / graph / chart may notpredict the entire situation in the future, I believe ____________________________________(前瞻性预测和展望).模板二（适用于多 2个图表题型）1

The figure of the first graph shows that________________________(简述图表 1概况)while thefigure of the second graph shows that _____________________(简述图表 2概况).The relationship

between these two figures warns us that________________________________(指出两表所反映的问题).However, there are many effective methodsto _____________(解决这一问题).For instance，___________________(解决方法 1).At the same time,________________________(解决方法 2).In a word, ________________________________(总结).As far asI am concerned, the more we

80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。

There might be some element of truth inthese people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel noreservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。

There are a number of reasons behind mybelief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。

3．社会问题(现象)式：

A．一个社会问题或者现象 B．产生的原因

C．对社会和我们生活的影响 D．如何杜绝。

(如果是问题的话)E．前景的预测。

Nowadays, there exists an increasinglyserious social/ economic/ environmental problem.(X has increasingly become acommon concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。

There are a couple of reasons booming thisproblem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。

X has caused substantial impact on thesociety and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take toprevent X from bringing us more harm.同上

Based on the above discussions, I caneasily forecast that more and more people will ……..辩论式议论文

模版 1

Some people believe(argue, recognize,think)that 观点

1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点

2.As for me, I agree to the former/latteridea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 论据

1.More importantly, 论据

2.Most important of all, 论据

3.In summary, 总结观点.As acollege student, I am supposed to 表决心.或:From above,we can predict that 预测.模版 2

People hold different views about X.Somepeople are of the opinion that 观点

1, while others point out that 观点

2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latteropinion holds more weight.For one thing, 论据

1.For another, 论据

2.Last but not the least, 论据

3.To conclude, 总结观

点.As acollege student, I am supposed to 表决心.或

From above, we can predict that 预测.模版 3

There is no consensus of opinions among peopleabout X(争论的焦点)。

Some people are of the view that 观点

1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点

2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion ispreferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 论据Furthermore, 论据

2。Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.Thatis, 论据

3。A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.三、范文

However, other people harbor oppositepoints of view.Their reasoning is as follows.Firstly, having a leadingposition in business does not solely depend on passion and courage.Managementskills and mature personality weigh highly to ensure that a venture cansurvive, but some students don't possess these necessities.Secondly, learningas much as possible when one is young is vital to one's later development.Theydoubt whether suspending one's study is worthwhile.In my view, to suspend college study tolaunch one's own career should be either encouraged or curbed.The ambitiousstudents need to give themselves an objective evaluation before they'redetermined to be an entrepreneur right now.Certainly, it should not be thebest choice of the majority of the students.4．环境污染

Environmental Pollution

1）环境污染的情形，包括空气、环境、河流等污染的情形及原因；

2)）讨论怎样治理和预防污染；

3)保护环境是每个公民的职责。

Environmental problem is extremely cared bythe world now.Regretful to say, the situation of

pollutions is rather serious.For onething, because of the exhaust of motor vehicles, the air of almost all the bigcities is badly polluted.For the other, owing to the rapid industrialization,environments and rivers are also seriously polluted.In substance, many of ushave deeply suffered from the harm caused by the pollutions.As matters stand, it’s high time for us tosettle the problems of pollutions.On account of the overproduction of vehiclesand chemical factories, they should be sharply disused, reduced, and limitedaccording to the related regulations.In the similar way, the disposal ofrubbish and wastes cannot be overvalued.It’s a duty for every citizen of the worldto protect the environment.Everyone should coordinate the government’s policyto eliminate the pollutions.5．互联网

Internet

1）因特网在生活中逐渐普及；

2）因特网给人们生活带来的影响（好的方面，不好的方面）；

3)你的观点。

Nowadays, Internet is becoming very popularin all walks of life.On the one hand, statistics show

that the number of people who apply to haveaccess to Internet doubles every six months.On the other hand, Internet isemployed in business, government agencies, and educational sections.Internet brings us a both advantages anddisadvantages.The advantages are as the following.Firstly, we can communicatewith our friends more rapidly and quickly.Secondly, Internet brings us fun.For example, many websites open chat rooms where we can talk with differentpeople and make new friends.Finally, many businessmen are taking so-calledbusiness seriously on the net.The Internet also has its disadvantages, just asa coin has two sides.In the first place, some people may linger too long onthe net while neglecting their work or study.In the second place, some columnson the net may have a negative influence on the youth electronic commerce.In my opinion, Internet becomes an integralpart of our lives, but it is certainly not everything.Living in the 21st century, we need to makegood use of the new tool-Internet, but it is just a tool, not life itself.Weshould not depend on it too much, nor should we ignore it deliberately.6．贷款

Loan

1）现今，在高校通过助学贷款完成学业的学生越来越多；

2）但是有些学生毕业后没有能力或拒绝按时还贷；

3）你认为贷款的学生如何对待还贷问题。

On Paying back Student Loans Nowadays，student loans provided bystate-owned commercial banks are available to more and more college students.The money may not be much but it is timely support for those who

allowed tocontinue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by westerntraditions.Nobody expects such a consequence.So let’s join hand in hand toprotect Chinese tradition, especially traditional holidays.9．兼职

Part-time Job

1）有人认为大学生应作业余兼职；

2）有人认为大学生兼职有很多弊端；

3）你的观点。

Many college students take part-time jobsin their spare time.Whether it is good or bad is still subject to constant debate.Some people believe that taking a part timejob certainly brings about several advantages.To

begin with, students can learn how to getalong with people and know the society better by taking a part time job.Furthermore, to take a part-time job provides the students with a valuableopportunity to put what he has learned from books into practice.Finally,students can make some money, which helps to unload their families' financialburden.However, problems may also arise.Firstly,some students spend too much time doing part|time jobs while neglecting theirstudies.Secondly, when taking part-time jobs, the students may be distractedfrom their studies by the colorful lives in the society.Thirdly, some studentsmay be cheated or hurt by their employers, because they don't know how toprotect themselves.As for me, I share the view that collegestudents need to step out of the campus and take some part time jobs if theirschedule permits.After all, it opens them a window to know about the society,which is essential to their maturity.10.虚假证书的危害

The Bad Effects of Fake Diplomas

1）学历证书造假普遍存在并且愈演愈烈；

2）学历证书造假的危害；

3）如何解决这个问题。

There has been a serious epidemic of fakediplomas in some big cities recently.Obviously, its

appearance and development involve twoparts: the demander and the supplier.People who do not have the necessarydiploma to get a desire job naturally thin of this short cut, especially whenso many profit-driven people make fake diplomas so easily available.Usually acertificate of Bachelor’s Degree costs about 200 yuan, which is really cheapcompared with the 4 years of hard work and the pretty big sum of fees involvedin normal ways of getting the diploma.The victims of fake diplomas are firstof all employers, who pay high salaries but do not get real talents.By and by,his business will suffer, and it takes time and money to fine another one whomay or may not hold a real degree.People who have genuine diplomas are alsohurt greatly.They have honestly spent 4 or even more years and great energyworking hard in schools, but cannot get any advantage in job hunting.Thus,actually this phenomenon may encourage people to cheat instead of acquiring adegree honestly.To combat the epidemic, we should stopputting ever more emphasis on the academic achievement of job or promotioncandidates.Instead, practical ability and individual personality should berecognized as important factors of excellent job performance.Besides,effective measures supported by advanced IT technology should be introduced andtaken to help employers distinguish genuine diplomas from fake ones.Once thedemand disappears, the supply will be gone too

作文类型

校园生活: psychological problems among college students;staying healthy;myopinion of today’s education社会生活：global shortage of fresh water;Environment pollution/protection ofEnvironment;the prevalence of western holidays;make our city greener

书信/叙事描写:an unforgettable party;a volunteer experience

谚语类: where there is a will;there is a way;practice makes perfect

第四篇：浅谈高职高专英语写作

浅谈高职高专英语写作简阳市云龙职中 邹长平

英语写作是测评学生对英语综合知识掌握的途径之一，学生是否能用英语顺利来表达，可以反馈其对英语的掌握程度。根据《高职高专英语课程教学基本要求》，要求高职高专学生在考试时，30分钟内写出60-80字的英语短文。

而“英语写作的评分标准第五档的给分范围和要求：第一档，完全完成了试题规定的任务，覆盖所有主要内容；第二档，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；第三档，语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；第四档，有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；第五档，完全达到了预期的写作目的，有较强的语言运用能力。”

针对上述要求，我们今天来探讨一下如何提高英语写作能力。我们知道，在日常教学过程中，我们常见的作文命题形式有以下几种：

图表式作文。图表式作文所给出的大致有表格、数轴图、和圆形图等。这就要求同学们首先要读懂图表，然后根据理解到的信息来形成文字材料。做图表式作文时，一定要仔细解读图表，准确把握图表传递的信息，将其扩展成文。

图画式作文。这类作文通常是给出一幅或几幅图画，联想图画的信息来组成文段。图画式作文一般为记叙文体，我们只需按照图画的顺序描述其基本内容即可。

图表式作文和图画式作文都是较难的题型之一，考生可以根据图画内容的不同采用不同的段落发展方式。如果写作以描述为主，即按空间方位或时间先后顺序排列。，写作时考生应该把图画所蕴涵的意义在首段告诉读者，当然也可以在首段描述图画内涵的社会背景，为下个段落的点题作好铺垫。

提纲式作文。这类作文的特点是题中给出汉语或英语提示信息，即给出要点或提纲。同学们只能围绕提示信息来表达，不能过度地随意发挥。在做提纲式英语作文时，首先要认真分析提示信息，抓住写作主旨或主题。只有按照题目所给的提示信息来组织作文。

社会热点式作文。这类作文主要考察我们对社会事实热点的关心。如：环保，生活和国家重大事件等。

尽管学生学英语有几年了，但由于缺乏使用英语的环境和其它原因，他们运用英语进行英语作文的能力低下，多数学生不能自由地流畅地用英语表达。这与我们教与学两方面都存在问题有关：

一方面，我们老师在英语写作上的教学有疏忽，主要是：

首先，老师对英语写作的教学没有计划。有些教师对平常的英语作文布置随意，没有考虑先后难易，也没有针对性分类作文练习。或者有的老师为了给自己减少负担，干脆就不布置英语作文。

还有，就是老师对学生英语作文批改方式单一或不重视学生批改作文。有的老师虽然在学生作文中作了各种批注，但没有归纳统计学生的共性优缺点，没有备足课，所以讲评时只是凭印象。或者舍不得花时间给学生相互批改作文，这使得学生失去了许多发现别人同时又是自己错误的机会。

要么，就是老师忽视英语作文的讲评拓展。英语作文讲评不只是让学生抄或背范文。更重要的是让学生知道同类作文思考的方向和写作的方法。

另一方面，我们的学生在英语作文时，由于对课本和知识点掌握的不牢，对常用句型不熟悉，常会出现一下几种错误：

1、句子结构过于简单单调，缺乏一定的修饰。

2、由于受母语的影响，有些同学写英语作文时用汉式英语，如，I very like English.甚至有些英语基础好的学生也会时而写出语义不清，主谓不明的句子。

3、学生词汇量给不上，有的学生连常用的单词都不会拼写或弄混淆。如：feel的过去式写为fell, buy写成by, eat的ing形式写成eatting等。有的学生找不到恰当的词来表达意思,就用拼音代替，有的学生不管英语词汇的词性和用法，只要其汉语意思相同就用上。如,I came true my predict(我实现了我的梦想).4、不会用多种词汇和句型表达同一意思。如：“喜欢”有多种表达：like, enjoy, be interested in, be fond of, prefer等。

5、刻意追求复杂句式。有些学生一味追求复杂句式，他们写的作文从头到尾都是长句和复合句，以此来显示他们的能力。其实，英语写作只要修饰得当，应尽量用单句，少用复合句。

因此，结合上述问题，要提高英语写作，我们认为我们平常在教学中应从以下几方面着手：

加强词汇量的积累。学生只有具备了充分的英语词汇量，才能满足写的需要。教师要帮助督促学生每天背单词，教给学生记忆单词的方法，如，根据读音记、根据构词法记、阅读记忆、联想记忆、分类记忆等。师生还要共同坚持，持之以恒。

强调简单句的训练。英语简单句共有六种句型，即：（1）主谓结构；（2）主系表结构；（3）主谓宾结构；（4）主谓双宾结构；（5）主谓宾宾补结构；（6）there be结构。这六种基本句型是复杂句子的基础，任何复杂的结构都是由简单句组成的。所以，我要求学生首先会写简单句。

注重语法结构关系练习。常用的语法结构有：主谓关系一致、系表结构、动副结构、动宾结构和介宾结构。在平常的背诵和写作中要随时注意。

固定句型训练。英语教材中有许多固定句型，熟练运用这些句型能使自己的作文更具文采。例如，中学阶段学了无数个it作形式主语和形式宾语的句型，there be句型

注重时态语态训练。英语句子离不开时态和语态，这是中英文的一个不同。很多学生受中文影响，常常忘了考虑谓语动词的形式。我的训练方法是分类型各个击破，比如，一般现在时的主动和被动，一般过去时的主动和被动。训练的方法和步骤同简单句的训练。

经典优美语句语段的背诵。只有脑袋里面有了相似的优美语句语段，才能将其转换为自己的语言。

背范文，多仿写。背范文是许多师生都采用的方法。但有一点要强调：学生一定要在写过之后再背才更有效。仿写一般放在句型训练之后。学生模仿背过的范文，套用其中的词汇、句型和连接词，既有助于巩固前面的句型训练，又有助于增强学生的自信。

同时，在作文时应该遵循一定的顺序和方法。

一认真审题, 写好提纲。

很多学生不愿打草稿列提纲，认为这是耽误时间，其实这是认识的不到位。相反打草稿列提纲既有助于节约写作时间，又能帮助我们减少写作错误。每次考试中每次都有人审错题、漏写要点、错写要点，如果列提纲的话，这些问题都可避免。

在正式写作文时, 可参照以下步骤:

认真审题, 确定题目中的关键词。

对该题引申出各种联想和“找关系”。

根据已有的经验和词汇量选择自己最熟悉、最有把握的方面和论点来写作。

确定基本的写作时态, 如记叙文通常用一般过去时。

对于有能力的同学, 注意不能通篇均用简单句型, 可适当引入初中的语法重点如状语从句、宾语从句和被动语态等,这会使作文锦上添花。

另外，当作文要点都写全而没有达到规定字数时，一定要紧扣要点“无事生非，没话找话说”。

二通读全文, 仔细检查

当整篇作文写完, 一定要进行仔细的检查, 主谓是否一致，注意使句子是否流畅, 时态运用是否准确, 单词拼写是否正确, 冠词运用是否正确, 名词的单复数是否正确, 标点符号无误。

在了解英语作文的基本解题技巧后, 我们在要特别提出学生作

文时的几种误区，值得大家注意：

有句话叫“言多必失”，所以英语作文的句子结构越复杂, 学生越容易出错。因此，英语作文的句子宜短不宜长, 结构应简单。不写出几个复合句不足以反映自己的英语水平的想法与作法往往使错误更多, 适得其反。

其次，英语作文不是对英汉互译。考生做英语作文时, 不死盯某个汉字不放,不能死扣汉语字眼, 重要是弄清英语意思就意表达，不去刻意追求华丽的词藻。

另外，英语有其约定俗成的习惯表达方法,不可随意更改和瞎编。我们在做英语作文时,要警惕违背固定搭配和习惯用法。

最后，“不要在一棵树上吊死”，英语作文题是考察学生灵活运用知识的能力手段之一，同一意思可用不同方法表达。在英语作文时应开阔思路，在表达方式中选择出最熟悉、最有把握得分的一种去做题, 没有把握的词汇或句子最好不用。

浅

谈

高

职

高

专

英

语

写

作

简阳市云龙职中 邹长平2012年5月

第五篇：英语写作辅导

英语写作辅导

英语短文的结构及段落的组织

一、短文的结构

文章、段落、句子、词组、单词

从文到段，从段到句，是篇章结构的主要内容。

了解篇章结构，是进行写作的必备常识。

一篇文章通常可分为以下三种段落：

(一)引言段(Introductory Paragraph)：向读者介绍此片文章的主题及背景材料。在文中起到开宗明义，即“启”的作用，是全文的主题所在。

(二)主题段(Body Paragraph(s))：也叫正文，是文章的主体部分，也是情节发展、事实说明或者层层递进的部分，把要论述的，具体而明晰。文章内容要具有 一致性、连贯性，在文章中起到“承”和“转”的作用。

(三)结尾段(Conclusion Paragraph)：也叫结束语，是由通篇文章所得出的简短结论，或者事情发展到了最后一个情节，即故事的结束、结局、其作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或者肯定文章的中心思想，用以加深印象，在文章中起到“合”的作用。

二、文章的段落

段落是英语作文的基本结构单位，是文章中相对独立的一个部分。

段落与文章的三个组成部分相对应，通常由三个部分组成：主题句、发展句和结尾句。短文写作的技巧与套路

一、写作步骤

1.多读多练 充分准备 2.细读指令 认真审题 3.理清思路 构思布局 4.精选素材 列出提纲 5.动笔写作 组织成文 6.用词简洁 篇幅适中 7.认真检查 仔细修改

二、写作套路 1.写作类型 1)现象阐释型

通常要求考生对某一现象进行解释说明，分析其原因并加以评论。其基本结构是：首先描述现象并说明其现状；然后分析这种现象的原因或相关因素；最后提出建议或总结观点。典型题目如：

Why College Students Have Difficulty Finding Jobs?

Why College Students Take a Part-time Job?

Chatting on Line

2)问题解决型

通常要求考生从试题的提示行文字入手，描述其反映出的问题，提出解决方案或应对措施。其基本结构是：首先引出要解决的问题及其严重性或必要性，并简要分析其产生的原因或带来的危害和影响；然后提出解决问题的办法或措施；最后表明自己的态度，提出建议并展望前景。典型题目如下： How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic How to Succeed in a Job Interview How I Finance My College Life Staying Healthy hatting on Line 3）对比选择型

这类作文的标志十分明显，其要求比较明确，即直接要求考生比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己对问题或事物的态度或观点，也就是做出选择。其基本结构：首先对要评论的事物或现象进行整体介绍；然后陈述两种不同的观点或做法及其理由;之后表明自己的观点或态度。典型题目如： It Pays to Be Honest Should Education Be Commercialized? Choose a Famous University or a Favorite Major? Reading Selective or Extensively? 4）利弊评述型

此类作文要求考生客观地分析和评论某一事物的正反两方面，或在某一问题上反映出的两种不同看法，并不需要明确表明态度，说明事物的对与错，尤其是会有较大争议的问题，可采用平衡利弊的态度，提出某种希望和设想。典型题目如： The Positive and Negative Aspects of Skyscrapers The Development of a Private Car Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good LUCK? College Life in Internet Era My View on Examination 5)观点论证型

此类作文一般要求考生根据题目所给的论点，按照题目要求通过摆事实、讲道理的方式对该论点进行论证或反驳。其基本结构是：首先提出要论证或反驳的论点；然后提出论据对其进行论证或反驳；最后表明自己的立场和看法。典型题目如：

Harmful of Fake Commodities Why I Attended College The Job I Like Best The Benefits of Making Friends of Different Kinds 2.段落类型

（1）描述段：一般首先对命题中提供的信息（如某现象、问题、背景或事件）进行提炼和概括，然后进行扩展描述。

（2）说明段：主要对原因、危害、影响、作用、方法、过程等进行分析说明，段落的组织必须要注意以下两点：一是要条理清楚，尽量使用一些比较清晰的表达方式。如说明原因时，可以使用the main reason, what is more, as a result等短语，以突出文章的条理性；二是要根据标题和提纲内容确定合适的说明角度和说明方法，如说明原因或举例说明等。（3）议论段：通常是考生根据文章的主题提出、论证或总结某项观点。写议论段时应做到观点明确、论证充分，并有令人信服的数据和例子来支持论点，使文章具有说服力。议论段主要有四种：提出观点段（有时是提出一种观点，有时是提出两种对立观点）、论证观点段、对比论证段（对两种观点进行对比论证，有时可分成两段来分述两种观点）和总结观点段。3.写作模板 1）现象阐释型

①Nowadays, there exists a social/economic/environmental phenomenon, which has aroused great concern among people around us./ 总体现象has increasingly become a common concern of the public./ 总体现象is commonly accepted by the people from all walks of life.②According to a survey, …。

③There are a couple of reasons booming this phenomenon./This problem/phenomenon has a great effect on … ④Firstly,/above all/First of all/原因一/影响一⑤Secondly/what’s more/ furthermore（原因二/影响二）⑥Besides/Finally（原因三/影响三）

⑦As a result/ Therefore/ consequently,（结果）⑧As far as I am concerned/ As to me /In my opinion, “我”的观点/态度/做法⑨furthermore,进一步说明 ⑩Therefore/ based on the above discussions, I can conclude/ it can be concluded that…(总结全文)(1)描述段：描述现象 ①开门见山，总述现象

②阐释现象的具体表现或变化(2)说明段：阐述原因

③承上启下，引出原因/因素/影响 ④具体阐述原因一/因素一/影响一

⑤列举原因二/因素二/影响二（可以用例证支持）⑥列举原因三/因素三/影响三（可以用例证支持）⑦总结以上原因或因素导致的结果/该现象的最终影响(3)议论段：表明观点

⑧我对此现象的思考或看法（可能是个人选择或者是对现象、趋势或影响的评述）⑨进一步说明自己的看法或陈述理由 ⑩总结全文

例：

Cards 1.现代城市中持卡的人越来越多； 2.原因在于。。； 3.“我”的看法。

①Nowadays, holding cards has become a common phenomenon.②According to a survey, over 80%of people in big cities hold various kinds of cards issued by banks, restaurants, supermarkets ,etc.（描述段）③There are a number of reasons for it.④ First of all, it is convenient to consume by cards.⑤What’s more, it is safer to carry cards than cash.For example, if one’s cards are lost, the owner needn’t worry too much because no one else can get the money out without the password.⑥In addition, cards can give card holders certain privilege or discount in service.⑦Therefore, holding cards, especially among the youth, becomes fashionable recently.（说明段）⑧ As for me, cards have a bright future.⑨With the development of science and technology, cards will become much safer and easier to use.⑩Therefore, it can be concluded that more people will use cards.(议论段，表明观点)

模仿练习1 • Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags outline:

1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用 2.造成的问题

3.限制使用的意义 模仿练习2 • On Power Failure •

1．很多城市缺电现象严重 •

2．分析原因 •

3．提出建议 模仿练习3 • Online Education • Outline:

1.目前网络教育形成热潮

2.我认为这股热潮的的原因是……

3.我对网络教育的评价 模仿练习4 Skipping Classes on College Campus Outline：

1.大学里逃课现象时有发生； 2.分析学生逃课的原因； 3.如何减少逃课现象 2）问题解决型

①In recent years, increasing numbers of people关注/牵涉/参与不良现象或某一问题 ②It is obvious that 危害一/作用一 ③Additionally, 危害二/作用二④therefore, special/considerable attention should be paid to 该问题

⑤on the one hand/ firstly, 方法一 ⑥On the other hand/ secondly, 方法二⑦ In addition/ thirdly, 方法三

⑧Of course, following these suggestions/methods may not surely solve the problem, but it is worth of trying ⑨As for me/ in my opinion, “我”的思考或看法 ⑩Only in this way… 倒装句总结全文/undoubtedly, it is necessary/ essential… 根本途径(1)描述段：描述问题

①开门见山，综述不良现象或某一问题 ②问题的危害一/解决问题的作用一 ③问题的危害二/解决问题的作用二

④承上启下，表达解决问题的必要性和紧迫性，引出解决问题的方法或相关因素(2)说明段：说明方法因素 ⑤解决方法一/决定因素一 ⑥解决方法二/决定因素二 ⑦解决方法三/决定因素三(3)议论段：

⑧指出这些方法不一定能成功解决问题，但付出总是值得的 ⑨“我”倾向的方法和途径

⑩提出根本途径或建议，应该采取的态度，总结全文 例： How to Treat the Parent-Child Relationship 1.父母与孩子之间的代沟越来越大； 2.代沟带来那些影响；

3.如何消除代沟，并改善父母与孩子之间的关系。

①More and more people are paying attention to the generation gap between parents and their children.②Obviously, the generation gap is a source of family disharmony.③Additionally, it may lead to a number of social problem.④Therefore, measures should be taken to deal with the issue.⑤On the one hand, parents should be more tolerant to their children , remembering that a child is a child and there is always such a stage in one’s growth.⑥On the other hand, children should also understand that without parents’ guidance, they won’t be able to grow up healthily.⑦ Finally, parents should spent more time with their children.⑧Of course , following these suggestions may not surely solve the problem, but it is worth the effort.⑨As for me, mutual understanding is the key solution.⑩Undoubtedly, it is essential for both parents and children to understand each other for a good parent—child relationship.模仿练习1 • How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic

• 1.Importance of solving the problem of

heavy traffic • 2.Ways to solve the problem of heavy traffic • 3.My suggestion 模仿练习2 • How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities.• 1.解决住房问题的重要性

• 2.三种可能解决住房问题的方案：

1)多造高层建筑；

2)向地下发展；

3)疏散城市人口。• 3)对比选择型 • 3.我的建议

①When asked about/ when it comes to事物/问题 , different people will offer different opinions.②Some people take it for granted that观点一③ in their opinion, 选择观点一的理由一④Besides,选择观点一的理由二

⑤ however, others hold that观点二⑥ They maintain that观点二/选择观点二的理由一⑦And观点二/选择观点二的理由二

⑧Weighing up these two arguments, I am for the former/ later viewpoint/ choice.⑨”我”的理由⑩Therefore , as stated above, 重申观点/选择(1)议论段：提出观点

①开门见山，指出人们对某事物/问题存在不同的观点/选择 ②提出观点一/选择一

③提出观点一/选择一的理由一 ④提出观点一/选择一的理由二(2)议论段：对比论证 ⑤提出观点二/选择二 ⑥提出观点二/选择二的理由一 ⑦提出观点二/选择二的理由二(3)议论段：总结观点 ⑧标明“我”的倾向 ⑨阐述“我”的理由

⑩总结全文，重申“我”的观点/选择

例：To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond 1.在大企业工作的特点； 2.在小企业工作的特点； 3.我的选择。

①To the question whether to work in a large enterprise or in a small firm, different people may have different answers.②Some may choose to be a small fish in a big pond.③They hold that they can derive a sense of pride from being a member of a famous organization such as General Motors.④Besides, they can work with people from different parts of the world.⑤Still others may prefer to be a big fish in a small pond.⑥According to them, in a small company, they may be given greater responsibilities without much restriction.⑦Consequently, they can show their talents fully and freely.⑧Weighing up these two choices, I am for the latter.⑨I prefer to work in a small enterprise, where I can get more chances of promotion.⑩I’d rather become an important figure within my own small pond.练习1 Money Outline: 1.有人认为金钱是万能的。

2.有人说金钱是万恶之源（the source of all crimes）3.我对金钱的看法。模仿练习2 Choose a Famous University or a Favorite Major Outline: 1.有人认为应该选择重点大学； 2.有人认为应该选择重点专业； 3.我的观点。模仿练习3 Reading Selectively or Extensively? 针对阅读，人们有不同的看法： 1.有人认为应该精读； 2.有人认为应该泛读； 3.“我”的看法 模仿练习4 The Best Means of Transportation Outline：

1.私家车越来越多，污染问题、交通问题随之产生； 2.人们出行时其实有多中交通方式可以选择； 3.从健康和环保节能出发，我认为最好的交通方式是 4)模板一（驳论）

①Up to now, many people hold it true that某观点 ②They believe进一步说明此观点③However, recent survey/ research shows that 与上述观点相反的论点 ④The arguments for this point of view can be listed as follows.⑤Above all, 论据一⑥For example,（支持论据一的事例）⑦Furthermore,论据二及支持论据二的事例 ⑧Most importantly, 论据三

⑨All that has been discussed above points to the fact that重申本文论点 ⑩Therefore,与该观点相符合的做法和态度

(1)议论段：提出观点

①指出普遍存在的某种观点活态度或做法 ②进一步说明此观点

③转折提出与之相反的本论文观点 ④承上启下，引出对观点的论证(2)议论段：论证观点 ⑤列举论据一

⑥举例说明论据一

⑦列举论据二并加以说明 ⑧列举论据三

(3)总结段：总结观点 ⑨承接上文，重申观点

⑩总结全文，可表达我们应该坚持该观点或采取该观点相符合的做法 模板二（立论）

①People are familiar with/it is widely accepted that某观点②As we know,观点正确性的表现③Therefore,小结观点④There are numerous examples supporting this argument.⑤ A case in point is 例一 ⑥For another example, 引出说明例二⑦Moreover, 阐述第三个例子

⑧From what has been discussed above, we should understand that重申观点 ⑨But(one thing we have to notice is that)提出个人建议 ⑩Therefore,总结全文(1)议论段：提出观点

①开门见山，直接提出观点 ②阐述观点正确性的表现 ③小结观点

④承上启下，引出对观点的论证(2)议论段：论证观点

⑤列举支持论点的具体事例一 ⑥列举支持论点的具体事例二 ⑦列举支持论点的具体事例三(3)总结段：总结观点

⑧承接上文，重申观点 ⑨指出坚持该论点应该注意什么 ⑩总结全文，指出正确的态度或做法 例1

Wealth and Happiness 1.每个人都想获得财富，财富似乎就是幸福，其实不然； 2.世界上有许多东西是财富换不来的。

①Up to now, many people still hold that wealth can bring happiness.②They believe that with a great amount of money, they must live a happier life.③However, recent survey shows that wealth is not necessarily associated with happiness.④The arguments for this point of view can be listed as follows.⑤Above all ,good health plays an important role above wealth in a happy life.⑥For example, people can buy medicine with money, but cannot buy health.⑦Furthermore, wealth may encourage those harmful habits which may ruin the wealth owner, such as addition to drugs and gambling.⑧Most importantly, there is one thing essential to happiness which cannot be bought with wealth---love.⑨All that has been discussed above shows that wealth is not equal to happiness.⑩Therefore, we should not be crazy about money and earn it with honest work.例2

Blood Donation ①In modern society, it is widely accepted that blood donation is good for health.②As we know, donating blood benefit both society and people.③Therefore, people should be encouraged to donate blood regularly.④Many remarkable facts can support this argument.⑤First of all, according to medical research findings, donating blood can effectively reduce the happening of certain disease.⑥What’s more, donating blood regularly could reduce the pace of aging.⑦Besides, donating blood regularly could help people keep good mood.⑧All mentioned above tell us that blood donation does more than harm to health.⑨We should hold a positive attitude towards it.⑩Therefore, it can be concluded that bllod donation should be encouraged under the scientific instruction.5)利①For the past years,某事物has been widely accepted by people/has come into people’s daily life.②No one can deny that 某事物的好处.③For one thing, 好处一④For another, 好处二

⑤However, just as all coins have two sides, there are also disadvantages about某事物的弊端.⑥For example 弊端一⑦Moreover, 弊端二.⑧Finally,弊端三

⑨In my opinion, “我”的建议⑩only in this way, can we 总结全文.弊评述型(1)议论段：

①开门见山，总述现象 ②分析某事物的有利面 ③举例说明好处一 ④举例说明好处二 ⑤举例说明好处三

(2)说明段：

⑥承上启下，引出对弊端的讨论 ⑦举例说明弊端一 ⑧举例说明弊端二

(3)总结段：

⑨“我”的建议（如何趋利避害）⑩总结全文 例

The Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Computers 1.家用电脑的普及； 2.家用电脑的好处；

3.家用电脑带来的问题。

①Nowadays, computers have come into people’s home as one of common household appliances.②There is no doubt that like TV, home computers benefit people greatly.③With the computer, the home becomes a library, a school, an office and an entertainment center.④All kinds of information can be close at one’s finger tips.⑤In addition, home computers bring people far away closer to us.⑥Despite the convenience that home computers bring about, they have disadvantages.⑦For example, people, especially the youth, may easily get addicted to computer games.⑧Besides, since nearly everything can be done in front of the computer, we may become more isolated from people around us.⑨In my opinion, we all should consider how to control home computers, so that they won’t control us.⑩Only in this way, can we make full use of them, while avoiding of the side effects.模仿练习1 The Development of Private Cars Outline：

1.私家车普及的好处； 2.私家车带来的问题； 3.“我”的看法 模仿练习3 Reading Selectively or Extensively? 针对阅读，人们有不同的看法： 1.有人认为应该精读； 2.有人认为应该泛读； 3.“我”的看法