第一篇：青岛科技大学英语试卷1203
2011-2012 学年第 1 学期 英语(2)课程考试试题（A）卷
类别 成教学院函授 拟题人
适用专业
（答案写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上无效）
Part I Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions:There are four reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions.For each of them there are four suggested anseers marked ABCand D.Choose the best answer to each question.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: A few years ago it was common to speak of a generation gap between young people and their elders.Parents said that children did not respect and listen to them,while children said that their parents did not understand them at all.What had gone wrong?Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared?Actually ,the generation gap has been around for a long time.Many people argue that it is built into every part of our society.One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own ways of life.In a more traditional society.when children grow up ,they are expected to live in the same area as their parents,to marry people that their parents know and like,and often to continue the family jobs.In our society,young people often travel great distances for their education.move out of the family at an early age,marry or live with people whom their patents have never met ,and choose jobs different from those of their parents.In our society,parents often expect their children to do better than they did ,to find better jobs,to make more money and to do all the things they awere unable to do.Often ,that is another cause of the gap between them.Often ,they discover that they have very little in common with each other.Finally ,the speed at which changes take place in our society is the third cause of the gap between the generations.In a traditional culture,senior people are valued for their knowledge ,but in our society the knowledge of a life time may become out of date.The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds,separated by different skills and abilities.No doubt ,the generation gap will continue in American life for some time to come.1.The first paragraph tells us that()A)the problem of the generation gap draws much attention from people B)it is out of date to talk about the generation gap
本卷共10页 第 1 页（另附答题纸2张）C)children and parents are trying to understand each other D)it is very important for people to frequently communicate with each other 2.In a more traditional society,old people()A)have their children respect and listen to them B)do not care of their children at all C)expect their children to rebel against them D)do not live together with their children 3.In American society young people()A)do not neet to find jobs B)marry people younger than them C)have better education than their parents D)leave home at an early age 4.Which of the following is NOT the cause of the generation gap? A)Young people like to depend more on themselves B)Parents do not love their children dearly C)American society changes rapidly D)Parents expect too much of their children 5.The main idea of the passage is()A)that the generation gap needs considering
B)when the generation gap is necessary in American society C)why the generation gap exists
D)how we can reduce the generation gap Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: Telephone,television,radio,and the internet help people communicate with each other.Because of these devices,ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world.For example ,within seconds,people can know the results of an election(选举)in another country.An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set.News of disaster(灾难),such as a flood,can bring help from distant countries.Within hours ,help is on the way.This is because modern technology information travels fast.How has this speed of communication changed the world?To many people,the world has become smaller.Of course ,this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller.It means that the world seems smaller.Two hundren years ago,communication between the continents took a long time.All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even monthsto cross the oceans.In the 17th and 18th centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach the Americas.This time difference influenced people’s actions.For example,a few battles in the war of 1812 between England and the United State could have been avoided.A peace agreement had already been signed.Peace was made in
本卷共10页 第 2 页（另附答题纸2张）England ,but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America.During these six weeks,the large and serious Battle of New Orleans(新奥尔良)was fought.Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have died of news had come in time ,In the past ,communication took much more time than it does now.There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.6.News spreads fast because of()A)modern transportation B)new technology C)the changes of the world D)a peace agreement 7.Acoording to this passage,()is very important to people in a disaster area.A)fast communication B)modern technology C)the news D)new ideas 8.Which of the following statements is true based on the text? A)The world now seems smaller because of faster communication B)The world is actually smaller today C)The world is changing in size D)The distance between England and America has changed since the War of 1812 9.Two hundred years ago ,news between the continents was carried()A)by teleplone B)by land C)by air D)by sea 10.The New Orleans Battle was fought because()A）the peace agreement had not been signed by both sides B）the peace agreement had not been signed in time C）the peace agreement had not been signed in America D）the peace agreement had not been signed in England Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: Doreen Sykora is now a junior at MeGill Universiey.She had a difficult time when she first began college.She said,”I was always well prepared for my examinations.But I would go into class to take the exam,and I would fall apart.I could not answer the questions correctly---even though I knew the answers!I would just blank out because of nervousness and fear.” Hitoshi Sakamoto,an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.本卷共10页 第 3 页（另附答题纸2张）These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety.Because a student worries and is stressed about a test,his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does.The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.Now there are special university courses to help students.In these courses,advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety.Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it.First students take a practice test to measure their worry level.If the tests show that their stress level is high,the students can take a short course to manage the fear.Theae courses teach students how to relax their bodies.They get training to become calm in very tense situations.By controlling gheir nervousness,they can let their minds work more easily.Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course.She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods.”mostly,what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place.Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil.I move slowly and carefully.I breathe easily and let all the tension out.With each treath,more worry leaves me.It really works too.My grades have improved greatly!I’m really doing well at MeGill now.This relaxation method works not only on examinations,but it has improved the rest of my life as well”
For Hitoshi in Tokyo ,The results were much the same.He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.11.What is the similarity between Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto? A)Students from the same university B)Failing in all the examinations C)Experiences of test anxiety D)Having the same poor studying habits 12.These are signs of test anxiety EXCEPT()A)worries about a test B)stressed about a test C)low grades and poor study habits D)nervousness during the test 13.What’sthe purpose of some special university student-help course? A)To help students to reduce test anxiety B)To show a stress level experienced by students C)To learn more knowledge about test anxiety D)To have a better understanding of test anxiety 14.What’s the meaning of “blank out”in paragraph one ? A)To be like a blanket
本卷共10页 第 4 页（另附答题纸2张）B)To be sure of an answer C)To be relaxed D)To be unable to think clearly 15.What’s the organization of the passage? A)Examples—theories---ideas B)Problem—strategy—result C)General statement—examples—result D)Strategy—experiment—examples Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage: Banks are not ordinarily prepared to pay out all accounts:they rely on depositors(存款人)not to demand payment all at the same time.If depositors should come to fear that a bank couldn’t pay off all its depositors,then that fear might cause all the depositors to appear on the same day.If they did ,the bank could not pay all accounts.However,if they did not all appear at once,then there would always be funds to pay those who wanted their money when they wanted it.Mrs.Elsie Vaught has told us of a terrifying bank run that she experienced.One day in December of 1925 several banks failed to open in a city whese she lived.The other banks anticipated a run the next day,and so the officers of the bank in which Mrs.Vaught worked as a teller(出纳员)had enough funds on hand to pay off as many depositors as might apply.The officers simply instructed the tellers to pay on demand.Next morning a crowd gathered in the bank and on the sidewalk outside.The length of the line convinced many that the bank could not possibly pay off everyone.People began to push and then to fight for places near the teller’s windows.Clothing was torn and limbs broken,but the jam continued for hours.The power of the panicatmosphere is evident in the fact that two tellers,though they knew that the bank was sound and could pay out all depositors,nevertheless withdrew the funds in their own accounts.Mrs.Vaught says that she had difficulty restraining herself from doing the same 16.A bank run occurs when()A)a bank is closed for one or more days B)employees of a bank take their own funds out of the bank C)too many depositors attempt to draw out their money at one time D)there appear long lines in front of the tellers’windows 17.What happened to some of the customers of the band where Mrs.Vaught worked? A)They lost their money B)They got injured C)They had to leave part of their money in the bank D)They were forced to put their money into other banks
本卷共10页 第 5 页（另附答题纸2张）18.The essential cause of a run on bank is()A)lack of sufficient funds B)inefficient tellers C)too many depositors D)loss of confidence 19.The crowds gathered in Mrs.Vaught’s bank and on the sidewalk because of()A)doubt
B)greed
C)anger D）curiosity 20.According to the passage,the actions of the customers of Mrs.Vaught’s bank were influenced chiefly by()A)the failure of the bank to pay off everyone B)the failure of several banks to open C)the actions of the two tellers in the bank D)The difficulty with which they obtain their money Part II Vocabulary &Structure(40%)Directions:For each of the following sentences ,there are four choices marked ABCand D.Choose the one answer that best completes the sentences.21.They overcame all the difficulties and fulfilled the plan ten days ahead of schedule,()was something we had not expected.A)that B)this C)it D)which 22.If Dorothy had not been badly hurt in a car accident,()in last month’s marathon race.A)she would participate B)she might participate C)she would have participate D)she must have participated 23.I suddenly realized that he was trying to()quarreling with me.A)consider B)enjoy C）avoid D)prevent 24.The real trouble()their lack of confidence in their abilities.A)lies in B)lies on C)results in D)leads to
25.The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them()every night this week.A)practice B)to practice C)practiced D)practicing 26.Jane’s dress is similar in design()her sister’s.A)with B)like C)to C)as
27.The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original()A)consideration B)judgment C)estimate D)plan 28.The waiter walked out 9)the counter and began to drive the drunk out of the bar.A)from before B)form under C)from behind D)from across 29.We()that you knew the whole matter.A)thought it for sure B)regarded it for sure C)took it for certainty D)took it for granted
本卷共10页 第 6 页（另附答题纸2张）30.I prefer his plan to yours,()it is more practical and easier to be carried out A)for which B)for that C)in which D)in that 31.If I had remembered()the windows,the thief would not have got in.A)closing B)having closed C)to close D)to have closed 32.()mainly for the invention of the telephone ,Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.A)While remembering B)Though remembered C)To have remembered D)He is remembered 33.An ambulance（救护车）must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of()A)crisis B)urgency C)emergency D)emergence 34.It was difficult to guess what her()to the news would be.A)impression B)reaction C)comment D)opinion 35.Let’s hang up some paintings on these()walls.A)bare B)empty C)exposed D)located 36.Five sections()the examination.A)consist of B)are composed of C)constitute D)comprise of 37.Computers have been applied()almost every field nowadays.A)for
B)in C)at
D)to
38.He had reviewed his lessons(),and passed the exam at last.A)consequently B）continuously C)constantly D)consistently 39.When it()English ,he is the best in our class.A)comes about B)comes up to C)comes across D)comes to 40.Doubts began to()in my mind A)stick up
B)bring up C)spring up D)make up 41.()driving to work ,Mr.Randolph usually goes to his office by subway.A)Rather than B)Without C)Instead of
D)In spite of 42.California relies heavily on income from fruit crops,and()A)also does florida B)so Florida does C)so does Florida D)Florida does either 43.There was no point()him to come early since everything was ready.A)to ask B)to have asked C)being asking D)in asking 44.I’ll finish the job,()long it takes.A)no matter however B)no matter how C)no matter so D)no matter rather 45.It’s the()in this country to go out and pick flowers on the first day of spring.A)custom B)conduct C)habit D)customs 46.This place was regarded as()for settlement.A)unable B)uncertain C)unjust D)unfit
本卷共10页 第 7 页（另附答题纸2张）47.The freshmen already have()to the best library books.A)references B)courses C)authority D)access 48.He()me to give up the holidays in Spain next month.A)accompanied B)agreed C)persuaded D)promoted 49.They hope to start a small company,but they are not too sure how to()it A)run B)try C)found D)contact 50.The Peace Hotel is a high building(),these shops nearby are very small.A)In this way B)In contrast C)In addition D)On the contrary 51.Concerning this matter you should be well advised to()a lawyer.A)declare B)identify C)consult D)inspect 52.Some scientists believed that mine would be()within five years.A)exploded B)explored C)exported D)exhausted 53.We arranged to meet at the station ,but she didn’t()A)turn on B)turn out C)turn round D)turn up 54.It isn’t the sort of thing one should talk of().A)in turn B)in company C)in contrast D)in private 55.Scientists are still()inventing new methods of reaching outer space.A)working on B)working as C)working out D)working with 56.The teacher had a pleasant talk with those students()were models of diligence(勤奋)A)two of which B)two of these C)two of whom D)tow of them 57.The two boys had so()in common that they soon became good friends.A)little B)few C)much D)many 58.Our students are free to study()interests them.A)whatever B)that C）which D)anything 59.Under no circumstances()to such a proposal.A)could the director agree.B)the director agreed C)the director will agree D)the director did agree 60.By the end of this week,they()a solution to the problem.A)are finding
B)will be finding C)will have found D)have found Part III.Translation(20%)Section A Directions:Translate the following sentences into Chinese 61.As far as the method itself is concerned,it is worth trying.The trouble is we don’t have enough hands.62.I don’t think the idea can be put into practice.One reason is that we don’t have the necessary funds.Another reason is that we don’t have the manpower needed to complete it.63.You can obtain no goal if you don’t have an honest attitude and a strong will.本卷共10页 第 8 页（另附答题纸2张）64.No matter how much advice you give him ,he does exactly what he wants.65.Most of her poems were not published until after her death in 1886.Section B Directions:Translate the following sentences into English 66.很多美国人喜欢驾车旅行，而不喜欢乘其它的交通工具。67.几天前，由三名医生和两名护士组成的医疗队出发去山区了。68.不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
69.起初，这个复杂的问题使他们感到灰心，但经过仔细思考他们终于研究出了解决办法。
70.一切都表明他们的计划出了问题。
本卷共10页 第 9 页（另附答题纸2张）
本卷共10页 第 10 页（另附答题纸2张）
第二篇：青岛科技大学专业课
青岛科技大学相关专业介绍
热能与动力工程专业介绍
热能与动力工程研究热能的转换、传输与利用，研究与之相关的系统与设备、最大限度利用能量的方法与途径、系统节能的先进技术、新能源开发利用的方法等的科学，是与国民经济的发展密切相关的科学。
培养目标：
培养具有坚实的热工理论、机械工程、电气自动控制等基础知识与熟练的外语、计算机应用技能，能在国民经济各部门从事热工理论、热能、环保、供热、暖通与空调工程、自动控制系统的设计、制造、研究、开发、运行管理和安装调试等方面工作的高级工程技术人才。
课程设置：
本专业开设高等数学、普通物理、外语、计算机、机械制图、机械原理、机械设计、理论力学、材料力学、工程材料、电工电子技术、工程热力学、流体力学、传热学、热能工程控制技术、现代测试技术、低温技术及其应用、节能原理与技术、热能与动力工程基础、、锅炉原理及设计、制冷原理与装置等必修课程；同时适应专业发展设置了较大比例的选修课，如发动机构造及原理、计算机辅助设计、能源清洁利用、工业通风、空气调节、供热工程、制冷装置自动化、热泵技术等。该课程体系的设置使学生既掌握了扎实宽广的理论基础知识又具有专业特长。
化学工程与工艺专业
化学工程与工艺专业是一门集化学、物理、数学和工程技术为一身的学科专业。以化学工业及相关生产过程中所进行的化学、物理过程为研究对象，探究其加工技术中的物质和能量转化与传递过程的规律，研究有关工程因素对过程和装置的影响，解决工艺开发、装置设计、控制操作、综合优化的理论和方法等问题。本学科不仅是通用的过程工程学科，而且是高新科技和新兴产业的重要支撑学科。
培养目标：
本专业培养具备化学工程与化学工艺方面的知识，能在化工、石化、精细与日用化工、能源、环境、医药、食品、冶金和军工等部门从事工程设计、技术开发、生产技术管理和科学研究等方面工作的工程技术人才。
课程设置：
在学习高等数学、化学、物理等基础理论知识的基础上，本专业主要学习化工原理、化工热力学、化学反应工程、化工分离工程、化工工艺学、化工过程分析与合成、化工设计等专业基础和专业课程知识，为拓宽专业面，增加适应性，还开设高分子化学基础、石油炼制工程、环境化工、化工机械基础、ChemCAD等课程。同时还接受实验技能、计算机过程模拟与应用、信息获取、工程设计、科学研究方法等方面的能力训练。
机械过程装备与控制工程
本专业培养具有过程工程、控制工程和管理工程等方面的知识，能在化工、石油、能源、轻工、环保、制药、食品、机械等各类过程行业及劳动安全等部门从事工程设计、技术开发、生产技术、经营管理以及工程科学研究等方面工作的高级工程技术人才
主干学科:
机械工程、过程工程、控制工程
主要课程（核心课程）
工程力学、工程热力学、机械设计、工程材料与机械制造基础、电工电子学、过程工程基础、过程设备设计、计算机辅助设计技术等
金属材料工程专业
金属材料工程专业的学生主要理解掌握材料科学基础知识，掌握金属材料的成分、组织结构、制备和加工工艺与材料性能之间关系的基本规律，具备合理选择材料和加工工艺的能力，通过综合材料设计和工艺设计，提高材料的性能、质量和使用寿命，并具有可以研发新材料及新工艺的水准
分析、金属材料、复合材料制备、金属材料成型等领域从事科学研究、技术开发、工艺和设备设计、生产及经营管理等方面工作的高级专业技术人才。课程设置：
在完成基础工科学生学习（包括数理化、计算机、机械制图等课程）的基础上，学生所学的专业课程有：材料科学基础（专业基础课），材料力学性能，材料物理性能，材料测试与研究方法，金属材料学，金属工艺学，纳米科学与技术，材料腐蚀与防护，计算机在材料科学中的应用等专业课程，同时学生还接受实验技能的训练，另外还有校内模拟生产实训和参观实习，为将来从事科研生产工作奠定基础
机械设计及自动化专业
本专业培养具备机械设计、制造及自动化的基础知识与应用能力，能在工业生产第一线从事机械工程及自动化领域内的设计制造、科技开发、应用研究、进行管理和经营销售等方面工作的高级工程技术人才。
课程设置
主干学科：力学、机械工程
主要课程（核心课程）：
工程力学、机械设计、电工电子技术学、控制理论与工程、工程材料与机械制造基础、机械测试技术、企业管理、微机原理与应用、机械制造工艺学、数控加工技术、CAD/CAM、机电一体化技术等
第三篇：青岛科技大学2006年研究生入学考试试卷(A卷)
青岛科技大学2006年研究生入学考试试卷（A卷）
考试科目：高等代数（答案全部写在答题纸上）
一．（30分）设向量组A:1,2,,r线性无关，且可由向量组B:1,2,,s线性表示，试证① rs，② 适当地排列向量组B中向量的次序，使得以向量组A替换B中前r个向量后得到的向量组C:1,2,,r,r1,,s与向量组B等价。
二．（30分）设秩为r的矩阵Arn的各行向量是某一齐次线性方程组的一个基础解系，B是rr非奇异矩阵，试证：BA的各行向量也是该齐次线性方程组的基础解系。
三．（30分）设Aab是一复矩阵，A1且a0，①试将矩阵A表示成若干个初等矩阵的cd1x10与的初等矩阵的乘积。
01x1乘积。②将A表示成形如
四．（30分）设A是n阶复矩阵，若有正整数m，使得AmEn（En是单位阵）。证明：①A与对角阵相似。
②求A的最小多项式与A的全部特征值。
五．（15分）设A是5阶矩阵，rank
34A，A的初等因子组为,2,2,1,1,1，试求①A的不变因子。②写出A的标准形。
六．（15分）设e1,e2,,em是n维欧氏空间Vn的标准正交向量组，证明对任意的向量uVn都有u,ei
i1m2（其中（u,ei）表示u和ei的数积）。u。2
第四篇：1203电大英语2翻译（本站推荐）
四。英译汉：
课文句子翻译（Unit 1, Unit 6）
空气污染 Air Pollution
Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live.①Air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and inert gases.②Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.③
There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed.These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and “holes” in the ozone layer.④Each of these problems has serious effects on our health and well-being as well as on the whole environment.One type of air pollution is the release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy.Diesel smoke is a good example of this particular matter.This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as “black carbon” pollution.⑤The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air.⑥Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quantities of soot into the air.Another type of pollution is the release of harmful gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors.These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain.⑦
Smog is a type of large-scale outdoor pollution.It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions.Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year.Another consequence of outdoor air pollution is acid rain.When a pollutant, such as sulfuric acid combines with drops of water in the air, the water or snow can become acidified.The effects of acid rain on the environment can be very serious.It damages plants by destroying their leaves, it poisons the soil, and it changes the chemistry of lakes and streams.Damage due to acid rain kills trees and harms animals, fish, and other wildlife.The greenhouse effect, also referred to as global warming, is generally believed to come from the buildup of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere.Carbon dioxide is produced when fuels are burned.Plants convert carbon dioxide back to oxygen, but the release of carbon dioxide from human activities is higher than the world's plants can process.The situation is made worse since many of the earth's forests are being removed, and plant life is being damaged by acid rain.Thus, the amount of carbon dioxide in the air is continuing to increase.Pollution also needs to be considered inside our homes, offices, and schools.⑧Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking.In many countries in the world, steps are being taken to stop the damage to our environment from air pollution.Scientific groups study the damaging effects on plant, animal and human life.Legislative bodies write laws to control emissions.Educators in schools and universities teach students about the effects of air pollution.The first step to solve air pollution is assessment.Researchers have investigated outdoor air pollution and have developed standards for measuring the type and amount of some serious air pollutants.Scientists must then determine how much exposure to pollutants is harmful.Once exposure levels have been set, steps can be taken to reduce exposure to air pollution.These can be accomplished by regulation of man-made pollution through legislation.Many countries have set controls on pollution emissions for transportation vehicles and industry.Prevention is another key to controlling air pollution.The regulatory agencies mentioned above play an essential role in reducing and preventing air pollution in the environment.In addition, it is possible to prevent many types of air pollution that are not regulated through personal, careful attention to our interactions with the environment.Only through the efforts of scientists, business leaders, legislators, and individuals can we reduce the amount of air pollution on the planet.⑨This challenge must be met by all of us in order to assure that a healthy environment will exist for ourselves and our children.⑩
空气为我们提供生存所必不可少的氧气。空气中99.9 % 由氮气﹑氧气﹑水蒸气和惰性气体组成。人类活动释放出的物质进入空气，其中的一些会对人类﹑植物和动物造成影响。
污染有几大类型，所造成的影响广为人知，也经常引发讨论, 包括烟尘﹑酸雨﹑温室效应和臭氧层“空洞”。这些问题已严重影响到我们的健康和幸福，也影响到整个环境。
一类空气污染是在燃烧燃料获取能源时将粒子排放到空气中。柴油烟雾就是一个显著的例子。这种类型的污染有时被称为“炭黑”污染。汽车﹑住家及工业燃烧燃料所排出的废气是空气中一个主要的污染来源。一些部门认为，即便是在壁炉中或是在烧烤时燃烧木材和木炭就能释放出大量的煤烟到空气中。
另一类污染是有毒气体的排放，如二氧化硫、一氧化碳、氮氧化物及化学蒸气。一旦它们进入大气，就会产生更为剧烈的化学反应，形成烟雾和酸雨。烟雾是一种大规模的户外污染。它是由来源不同的污染物之间的化学反应所导致的，这些污染物主要是汽车尾气和工业废气。城市往往是这类活动的中心。许多人深受烟雾之害，尤其是在一年中温暖的几个月中。
室外空气污染的另一个后果是酸雨。当污染物，如硫酸，与空气中的水滴结合，雨或雪就会变成酸性。酸雨对环境的影响相当严重。它通过摧毁其枝叶损害植物，毒化土壤，还改变湖泊和溪流的化学成分。酸雨造成的损害破坏树木，危害动物﹑鱼类和其他野生动物。
温室效应，也被称为全球气候变暖，一般被认为是来自二氧化碳气体在大气中的积聚。燃料燃烧时产生了二氧化碳。植物又把二氧化碳变回氧气，但人类活动所释放的二氧化碳的数量超出了植物的加工能力。这种情况现在变得更加严重，因为地球上的许多森林被砍伐，酸雨也破坏了植物的生命。因此，空气中的二氧化碳在不断增加。
在家中、办公室内和学校里也需要考虑到污染。室内活动，例如吸烟和烹饪，也会制造一些污染物。
全世界许多国家正采取措施以制止空气污染对环境的破坏。科学小组研究其对植物、动物和人类生活的破坏性后果。立法机构拟定法律，以控制废气排放。中小学校和大学的教育工作者把空气污染的影响教给学生。
解决空气污染问题的第一个步骤是评估。研究人员已经调查了室外的空气污染，并制定了标准以计量一些导致严重后果的空气污染物的种类和数量。科学家们必须由此确定多少污染物暴露在空气中是有害的。一旦暴露水平被确立，就可以减少导致空气污染的暴露。可以通过立法调节人为制造的污染问题。许多国家已经对交通工具和工业的污染排放量进行了控制。
控制空气污染的另一个关键是预防。上述的监管机构在减少和防止环境中的空气污染方面起着至关重要的作用。
此外，通过个人对我们与环境之间的互动的认真关注，有可能防止多类未加以规范的空气污染。只有通过科学家、商界领袖、立法者和个人的共同努力，我们才能减少地球上空气污染的数量。我们所有人都必须面对这一挑战，以保证我们自己和子孙后代生活在一个健康的环境之中。
The Girl with a Rose
John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his Army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station.①He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose.His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in a Florida library.Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin.②
The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind.In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.With time and effort he located her address.She lived in New York City.He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond.The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War II.During the next year and one month the two grew to know each other through the mail.Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart.A romance was budding, Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused.She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like.When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting — 7:00 PM at the Grand Central Station in New York.“You'll recognize me,” she wrote, “by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel.”So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he's never seen.I'll let Mr.Blanchard tell you what happened.A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim.③Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears;her eyes were blue as flowers.Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like springtime coming alive.I
started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose.④As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips.'Going my way, sailor?' she murmured.Almost uncontrollably, I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Hollis Maynell.She was standing almost directly behind the girl.A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat.She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes.⑤The girl in the green suit was walking quickly away.I felt as though I was split in two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly accompanied me and upheld my own.⑥
And there she stood.Her pale, plump face was gentle and sensible, and her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle.I did not hesitate.My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her.This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love, a friendship for which I had been and must ever be grateful.⑦I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt choked by the bitterness of my disappointment.⑧
I'm Lieutenant John Blanchard, and you must be Miss Maynell.I am so glad you could meet me;may I take you to dinner? The woman's face broadened into a tolerant smile.'I don't know what this is about, son,' she answered, 'but the young lady in the green suit who just went by, she begged me to wear this rose in my coat.And she said if you were to ask me out to dinner, I should tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street.She said it was some kind of test!'
It's not difficult to understand and admit Miss Maynell's wisdom.The true nature of a heart is seen in its response to the unattractive.红玫瑰姑娘
约翰•布兰查德从凳子上站起来，拉了拉军装，审视着涌向中央车站的人群。他在寻找着那个他知其心却不知其长相的戴玫瑰的姑娘。他是于13个月前在佛罗里达一个图书馆里对她产生兴趣的。从书架拿下一本书，他发现自己被迷住了，吸引他的不是书里的内容，而是书边上用铅笔做的标记。
纤细的字体反映出标记者是一个考虑问题周到、头脑敏锐的人。在书的前面，他发现了前一个读者的名字——霍利斯•梅纳尔小姐。花了一定的时间和努力后，他找到了她的地址。她在纽约市。他给她写了一封信，介绍了自己，并希望她回信。第二天他即被派往海外投身第二次世界大战。
在随后的一年和一个月的时间里，通过信件来往，两个人有了相互了解。每一封信都像一颗种子落在肥沃的心田上。一段浪漫之情正在萌芽。他曾向她索取照片，但她拒绝了。她认为如果他真的爱她，就不会在意她的外貌。
从欧洲回国的那一天终于到来了。他们安排了他们的第一次相会——晚上7点在纽约的中央车站。“你会认出我的，”她写道，“我的衣领上插着一支红玫瑰。”于是，7点钟他来到了车站，寻找那个他知其心却不知其长相的姑娘。
还是让布兰查德先生本人来向你讲述发生的一切吧。
“一位年轻的女士朝我走了过来，个子高高的，身材苗条，金色的卷发搭在小巧的耳朵后面，眼睛像花一样的蓝。双唇和下巴显得温柔又坚毅，身着浅绿色的套装，如复苏的春天。我向她走去，完全忘记了她没有戴玫瑰花。在我走过去时，她的嘴角露出了一丝挑逗性的微笑，„跟我走吗，水手？‟她低声问。
我几乎是情不自禁地又朝她走近了一步，就在那时，我看到了霍利斯•梅纳尔。她差不多就站在那个姑娘的身后。这是一个早已年过40的妇女，灰白的头发塞在一顶破帽子下。她体态臃肿, 胖胖的脚撑着一双低跟鞋。穿套装的姑娘很快走开了。我觉得自己似乎被劈成了两半，我有一个强烈的愿望，要去追逐那个姑娘，同时又很想见见这位女人，她的精神曾经陪伴和鼓舞着我。
她站在那儿，苍白丰满的脸温柔且透着智慧，灰色的眼睛里闪着热情和善良。我没有迟疑，手指紧捏着那本小小的、蓝色的皮面已经磨破的书，这是让她辨认我的标记。这不会是爱情，但是可贵的，也许比爱情更好，是一份让我曾经感激，且将永远感激的友情。我挺了挺肩膀，敬了个礼并把书递交给她。即使在我对她说话的时候，我仍感到自己因为极度失望声音几乎要哽住了。
„我是约翰•布兰查德中尉，你一定是梅纳尔小姐吧，真高兴你能来见我，我可以请你吃晚饭吗？‟
那女人的脸上绽露出了宽厚的笑容。„我不知道这是怎么回事，孩子，‟她对我说，„那个刚刚走开的穿绿套装的小姐恳求我把这枝玫瑰花戴在外套上。她还说如果你请我去共进晚餐的话，就让我告诉你她正在街对面的那家大餐馆里等你。她说这是一种考验。‟
梅纳尔小姐的智慧不难理解，且让人敬佩。一颗心的真正本性可以从其对那个其貌不扬的妇女的反应上看出来。”
第五篇：述职报告 - 青岛科技大学
2009年工会工作述职报告
田黎明
尊敬的各位代表：大家好！
现将我在2009年担任校工会主席的基本工作情况汇报如下，请评议并提出宝贵意见。
一、岗位职责履行情况
工会是党领导下的全体职工参加的群众组织，本人作为经教职工选举走上工作岗位的校工会主席，能够时刻不忘党组织的信任和广大教职工的委托，在负责学校工会工作过程中，牢记党的全心全意为人民服务宗旨，践行‚权为民所用，利为民所谋，情为民所系‛。在党委和上级工会的领导指导下，团结工会委员会一班人，牢牢把握工会‚围绕中心，服务大局，全面履行社会职能，突出履行维护职能‛的工作定位，在维护学校整体利益的前提下，通过履行岗位职责,努力代表、维护和发展好广大教职工的具体利益。力争把我校工会建成教职工信赖和依靠的‚家‛；努力去做教职工的贴心人。发挥工会联系党和全体教职工群众的桥梁纽带作用以及各级行政的助手作用，为学校又好又快地发展构建友好和谐环境。
1、认真履行负责校工会第九届委员会日常工作的职责，贯彻执行党的路线、方针、政策和工会会员代表大会决议，比较好地完成了年初大会确定的工作任务。
2、根据《工会法》、《中国工会章程》、《教职工代表大会暂行条例》和《青岛科技大学二级教代会试行条例》等规定，组织筹备年初 1的学校‚双代会‛和年中召开的教代会常设主席团会议。受常设主席团委托，起草了《青岛科技大学教职工代表大会代表巡视制度（征求意见稿）》，根据会议决定，组织协调了会议确定的具体巡视方案（草案）的起草。组织教代会常设主席团部分成员到高密校区进行了考察。做好有关高密校区‚双代会‛筹备、部分二级学院‚双代会‛换届及其他二级教代会的指导工作。在做好面上的工会干部集训同时，及时为新上任的党总支书记和工会分会主席赠送相关书籍资料，争取基层党总支对工会工作的支持，逐一与新上任的工会主席进行交流，帮助他们得以尽快地适应基层工会工作的需要。
3、主持制定全年工会工作计划，组织开展工会各工作委员会工作，支持副主席和工会分会的工作，统筹工会专职人员的分工与协作。定期召开会议，传达学习校党委和上级工会有关精神，讨论和研究贯彻实施的措施和办法。
4、在学校人事分配制度改革过程中，能够代表教职工向学校领导和有关职能部门积极建言献策。一方面，呼吁和倡导发挥各级教代会作用，落实教代会职权，推动决策民主化、科学化。另一方面，注意倾听教职工呼声，体察教职工的情绪，反映教职工的合理诉求。同时，耐心做好上访教职工的接待和思想情绪疏导工作。在校工会统一调查研究的基础上，先后撰写了《校工会〈关于内部管理及人事分配制度改革方案（第二聘期）征求意见稿〉的建议》和《关注校园民生，解决热点问题，构建和谐校园——校工会调研报告》共近11000余字。
5、发挥工会组织的特点和优势，以活动为载体，开展以师德建
设为核心的‚三育人‛工作。做好教职工庆祝建国六十周年系列活动、教师节庆祝表彰大会和第八个‚师德建设教育月‛活动等的策划、协调和组织、总结工作。在防控甲流的特殊形势下，注重调动和发挥二级工会分会积极性，使各项教育活动化整为零有序地展开，取得比较好的教育效果。
6、坚持‚群众利益无小事"的原则，在常年组织开展‚送温暖‛活动中，一心一意办实事，真心诚意做好事，尽心竭力解难事。凡是校工会为教职工排忧解难的工作，无论是常规性的，还是阶段性的，或是由于教职工来信来访引发的，我都事必躬亲，或亲自办理或协调解决。今年以来，校工会接待教职工求助、上访和劳动争议等 39人24（件）次，本人直接或参与调处了所有事件，一定程度上化解了矛盾，促进了和谐。为了解决大龄未婚青年的后顾之忧，我除亲自带领他们集体到海大参加交友联谊活动外，在日常工作之余，见缝插针地挤时间为他们牵线搭桥。仅今年4月‚相约春季‛活动结束以来，经我个人或与其他同志一起介绍而单独见面接触的未婚（单亲）教职工就有96人次。尽管由于种种原因成功率非常小，但我能够舍身处地地为他们着想，继续不厌其烦地根据他们的需要提供信息和婚介服务。在给困难职工救助的同时，对于生病住院的教职工，在得知信息的情况下，我都主动前往慰问看望或委托工会其他同志前往慰问看望。对于不幸身患癌症的教职工或职工家属，在可能的情况下，我都主动送上治病康复的参考资料、光盘和心得体会等等，帮助他们树立战胜病魔的信心。
7、做好兼任工会女职工委员会主任的工作，倡扬‚自尊、自信、自立、自强‛精神，促进女教职工提高素质，巾帼建功。坚持开展‚春蕾计划‛活动，带头捐助‚春雷女童‛。我校‚春蕾计划‛工作继去年被评为省先进集体之后，今年又被评为青岛市先进集体。本人也很荣幸成为青岛市妇联表彰的区市妇联和市直单位妇女主任中33 名‚实施‘春蕾计划’先进工作者‛之一。
8、支持工会文体委员会组织开展教职工喜闻乐见的各类文体活动、组建文体协会等，做到抓大放小，调动和发挥二级工会分会和文体协会的积极性和创造性。在推动全民健身过程中，连续数月牺牲午休时间，与工会同仁一起组织开展柔力球普及推广工作，既为秋季教工运动会提供了大型群体表演，又满足了教职工健身的需求。
9、注意以理论创新推动工作创新。组织工会干部和教职工积极开展工运理论研究和论文交流工作。结合工作实际，申报了《青岛地区高校单身青年教职工婚恋观调研》的课题，近期已获学校社会科学课题立项。在以往工作研究基础上，今年在扩大职工入会人员范畴上进行了有益的尝试。
10、按照财务制度的规定，掌握和使用好工会经费及代管行政经费。尤其是经过多方协调，达成一致共识，规范了目前形势下后勤、产业中实体人员的工会经费、福利费的拨缴以及会费的收缴管理使用办法，使相关经费的运行纳入了正常轨道。
11、组织协调劳模评选和管理服务工作。
12、认真负责地组织领导好学校交由工会代管的工作：筹办教工
运动会、部分尚未移交街道社区的家委会的管理、校内年终总结评比、职工福利费的管理使用、捐款款物的组织实施、委托贷款以及非教学单位的甲流日报等等。
13、不断提高党性觉悟，增强廉洁从政的自觉性。做到为政清廉，遵纪守法。
二、工作中存在的不足与问题
2009年本人所担任主席的学校工会工作虽然取得了一些成绩，但不仅归功于各级党组织的正确领导和广大工会会员的积极参与，也是全校工会同仁齐心协力共同取得的成果。借此机会，我代表校工会委员会和我自己表示衷心地感谢！
在清醒地看到工会和本人的工作距离党组织和广大教职工的新期待还有较大差距的同时，我也认识到，由于本人还兼任校妇委会主任工作，客观上工会和妇委会的事务特别繁杂而目前尚无专职妇女干部；主观上自己的能力和水平有限。因此，日常工作基本陷在忙忙碌碌的事务堆里，理论学习和深入基层都做得很不够，这也势必会影响到工作思路的拓展和创新。今后在积极争取改善客观条件的同时，要更加严格地要求自己，进一步加强学习、更好地联系群众，更加努力地工作，更好地履行本届工会主席的岗位工作职责。
谢谢大家！
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