最新自考《英语二》2013年10月真题解析[模版]

第一篇：最新自考《英语二》2013年10月真题解析[模版]

《 英语二》

2013年10月真题解析 2013年10月高等教育自学考试

全国统一命题考试 英语

（二）试卷真题解析（课程代码00015）

本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

第一部分为选择题。考生必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂作答。

第二部分为非选择题。

第一部分 选择题

一、阅读判断（第1—10题，共10分）

短文后列出10个句子，根据短文内容判断每个句子。A是正确，B是错误，C是文中未提及。

Farms Appear in Cities

When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops.But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops in doors already exists.Farming in the city is already happening.Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses.Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.Experts say indoor farming solves many problems.First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land.Growing crops in tall buildings — called vertical farming（垂直农业）— can solve the problem.Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and weather.Though vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms.The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops.Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building.Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy.They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors.Besides, Plants differ in their weather and lighting needs.For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome — but it will take time.Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.【参考译文】

农场出现在城市里（城中农场）

当听到“农场”一词，你可能联想到乡下的母牛和庄稼等等。但科学家说，未来的农场可能会建在一些大城市的高楼里。

此事可能难以置信，可是事实上，在室内种庄稼已经存在了。城市里的农场已经出现，某些蔬菜已经在温室里生长。甚至在南极科考站，科学家们能享用他们在温室里自己栽种的新鲜蔬菜。

据专家们说室内农场可以解决许多问题。首先，传统农场占据大片土地。在高楼里种庄稼（称之为垂直农业）可以解决此问题。再者说，水果和蔬菜室内种植不会受到害虫和气候的威胁。

尽管垂直农场尚未成为现实，但是专家们已经在一些农场创建了再循环计划：把室内养鱼池的水用于浇灌农作物，把来自于农作物的废气用于建筑物的供热，来自于鸡和猪的粪便重新利用作为能源。

但是专家认为垂直农业并不是一件容易的事。他们说，控制室内气候环境是困难的。除此之外，植物对气候和光照需求有差异。例如，一些植物喜好温暖、阳光普照的气候，但另一些植物更喜欢较凉爽的温度。

并不是说这些困难不能克服——但是这将需要花时间。大多数专家指出，建立起第一个垂直农场可能需要五年到十五年的时间。

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《 英语二》

1.The word “farm” may make you think of the countryside.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑编号506540020101]

【解析】从第一段you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops可知，当提到“农场”这个词就会使你联想到乡村。【答案】A

2.It is still a dream for people to grow crops indoors.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑编号506540020102]

【解析】从第二段in fact, the technology for growing crops in doors already exists.Farming in the city is already happening.可知，在室内种植不仅仅是个梦想。【答案】B

3.Scientists at the South Pole research station live a hard life.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑编号506540020103]

【解析】文中提到南极科考站的科学家在室内种植蔬菜，但是并未提及他们生活是否艰苦。【答案】C

4.Vertical farming does not need as much land as traditional farming.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑编号506540020104]

【解析】正确常识，“垂直农场”当然不需要像传统农场那样大片土地。【答案】A

5.Fresh fruits and vegetables are very expensive in cities.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑编号506540020105]

【解析】新鲜的水果和蔬菜在城市里是否非常昂贵，文中未提及。【答案】C

6.Crops grown indoors would not be badly harmed by insects.A.True ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英语二》

B.False

C.Not Given [答疑编号506540020106]

【答案】A

【解析】从第三段fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and weather.可知，生长在室内的庄稼不会有虫害。

7.Scientists do not know how to reuse the animal waste in vertical farms.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑编号506540020107]

【解析】从第四段Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.可知，科学家知道在垂直农场如何利用动物的粪便。【答案】B

8.Some experts say vertical farming could be difficult.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑编号506540020108]

【解析】从第五段But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy.可知，科学家认为建垂直农场不是件容易的事情。【答案】A

9.Indoor plants need the same weather and lighting.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑编号506540020109]

【解析】从第五段Plants differ in their weather and lighting needs.可知，室内植物对气候和光照需求有差异。【答案】 B

10.The first vertical farms appeared 5 years ago.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑编号506540020110]

【解析】从第六段最后一句it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.可知，不是第一个垂直农场出现在五年之前，而是还需要5—15年才能够建立起来。【答案】B

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《 英语二》

【试题分析】

短文后面的这10个题目主要是考查了两个方面能力：阅读时对基本内容的掌握情况，能否理解短文中表达的概念或细节；另外一方面，迅速阅读短文，获取信息后做出正确判断的能力。

二、阅读选择（第11～15题，每题2分，共10分）

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项。

A Good Lesson

After living in Europe for seven years, my parents decided that my family would move to the United States.We all looked forward to this.What would people think of us? For me, I hoped to be the hero of the class.I was not disappointed.All my classmates admired my experience, and I quickly became well known as “the French guy.” I was very popular for a time.However, I was not interested in many things my classmates did, and it was hard for me to connect with them.I enjoyed listening to classical music, never watched TV, and almost never watched movies.I did not have a common background with my friends because I grew up in Europe.I had few friends, and fewer good friends.When I look back now, I realize I was a bit of an idiot to many people around me.I kept talking proudly about my experience.And I thought myself better than those around me because I lived in Europe but they didn’t.I had decided I wanted better friends when my parents said that we were going to move again!I saw this as a perfect chance to get better friends, where people did not know of my unkind past.When we moved to California, I did not show off as I had done for five years.I did not tell everyone that I lived in Europe.I still listened to classical music, but I just kept my music to myself.Sure enough, I found that people like someone who is not typical but does not boast about it.Nothing can replace good friends, and if I had to control my temper and pride, it was well worth it.【短文大意】

一个教训

在欧洲生活了七年以后，我父母决定搬到美国。我们都盼望着搬家，人们会怎样对待我们？我希望成为班里的英雄。

我没有失望。我的班里所有同学都羡慕我的经历，很快我以“法国男孩”著称。那一段时间我很受欢迎，然而我对班里同学做的许多事情都不感兴趣，很难融入他们之中。我喜欢听古典音乐，从不看电视，也几乎从不看电影。

因为我生长在欧洲，所以与我的朋友们背景不同。我没有几个朋友，好朋友更少。现在当我回顾往事，我意识到我对周围的人们有一点儿像个白痴一样，我总是高傲地谈到我的经历，并且我认为我比我周围的人都好，因为我曾生活在欧洲但他们没有。

当我的父母说我们要再次搬家时，我决定我要有更好的朋友。我看到交好朋友的机会，因为那个地方的人对我的过去并不了解。

我们搬到了加利福尼亚时，我没有像过去五年那样炫耀。我仍然听古典音乐，但是我只是自己欣赏。的确，我发现人们喜欢那种独特的但不夸耀的人。

什么也不能替代好朋友，如果为此不得不控制自己的脾气和傲慢，这也是值得的。

【试题分析】

本题题型是Reading Comprehension阅读理解。

阅读理解部分主要测试考生英语的阅读、理解、分析、判断能力。考生需要熟练掌握一定的词汇量，把握文章的基本结构，理解文中说明要点的事实和细节，根据上下文语境推断领会作者的写作意图、观点和态度。考生也需要具有一定的阅读速度以及知识背景。

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《 英语二》

一般来说，阅读理解题都可以分为主观题和客观题两大类。主观题用来测试考生的主观判断能力，包括对文章的中心思想、作者的意图和态度，以及整篇文章的逻辑关系的理解能力；客观题用来测试考生对原文内容中的客观事实的理解，要求考生理解文章中的具体事实和抽象概念。阅读理解题型一般有下列四类：细节题、推断题、主旨题以及词义题。常用的提问形式有：

细节：

a.According to the passage, which of the following is（NOT）True ?

b.Which of the following statements is Not mentioned in passage „?

c.From the passage, it can be seen that ________.d.The main reason for „ is _________.推断：

a.It can be inferred from the passage that _________.b.Form the passage we can infer（draw the conclusion）that _________.c.It is implied in the passage that ________.主旨：

a.The passage is mainly about _________.b.The main idea of this passage is ________.c.The passage mainly discusses ____________.d.The passage might be taken from ___________.词汇或短语：

a.The word “„” in line（Paragraph „）..most probably means ______.b.In paragraph „, the word “„” refers to（stands for）_______.c.The word “„”can be best replaced by ________.d.The underlined word（phrase）“ „ ”in paragraph really means _________.题目要求考生在理解全文的基础上，仔细读懂短文后每个问题，从所给出的四个选项中选出一个最符合题意的答案。阅读理解试题是考查考生语言运用能力的主要题型。因为阅读能力的高低直接影响获取信息的能力，所以阅读理解试题强调对全篇文章的整体把握，强调语言文化因素的作用及考生通过阅读理解解决实际问题总的能力。

考试对阅读理解能力的要求是具备一定的知识面，具有逻辑分析、思维反映、词汇量和概括能力。考生要想提高抓住主题、理解具体信息、做出正确判断和推理、弄清作者意图和态度等方面的阅读能力，必须广泛阅读，在量中求质，熟能生巧，并在实践中训练出快速阅读和猜测词义的能力。

11.When I first moved to the US, I was very popular because of my _________.A.good appearance

B.outstanding talents

C.French accent

D.overseas experiences [答疑编号506540020111]

【答案】D

【解析】从文中第二段和第三段的关键词experiences可知，当我第一次搬到美国时，是我的“海外经历”使我名声大震。

12.I had few good friends partly because I _______.A.looked down upon my classmates B.liked listening to classical music C.never went to the movies D.came from a very rich family ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英语二》

[答疑编号506540020112]

【答案】A

【解析】作者没有几个好朋友的原因，从文中第三段中可知是由于看不起同学们looked down upon my classmates。

13.The phrase “an idiot”（Line 3, Part 3）most probably means ________.A.an actor B.a cheater C.a fool D.a loser [答疑编号506540020113]

【解析】词汇题。A一个男演员，B一个骗子，C一个蠢人，D一个失败者。【答案】 C

14.When we moved to California, I stopped ______.A.boasting about my experience B.talking about people around me C.enjoying the classical music alone D.making friends with my classmates [答疑编号506540020114]

【解析】推理判断题。从文中第五段推论可知，本文作者搬到加州以后，停止了对自己海外经历的吹嘘。【答案】A

15.The writer would probably agree that _______.A.good friends like the same kind of music B.friends are more important than anything else C.similar background is the key to friendship D.a good friend never loses his/her temper [答疑编号506540020115]

【解析】主旨题。文中最后一段，说明了作者的态度和观点，也是本文的主旨。【答案】B

阅读选择题的应试技巧

短文阅读主要测试考生对阅读的书面材料理解的程度，既可以为外语学习者提供运用语言知识、文化背景知识，又可以巩固所学语言知识技能、提高英语水平。所以是外语学习者必须掌握的基本技能，也是各种英语考试的重点内容。因此，阅读部分考试成绩的优劣在整个考试中起着举足轻重的作用，所以考生在备考的过程中必须加以重视。

阅读理解是对字、词、句法的进一步学习和综合运用。要提高阅读能力，除了掌握的基本语法规则知识外，还要进行有意识的阅读训练。提高阅读能力的训练主要可以从下面三个方面入手：词汇、方法、侧重点。

1）词汇

在阅读过程中，不可避免地会碰到不认识的单词，考试中又不允许查字典，有些不认识的单词对文章的理解影响不大，可以忽略。但有些不认识的单词则会影响阅读者对文章理解的正确性。在这种情况下，就需要利用猜字的技巧猜出词的含义。

快速阅读的CPD公式 Context, Parts, Dictionary ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英语二》

每日学习词汇 study vocabulary daily

使用所学词汇 use the words you learn

创立你自己的词汇表 create your own word list

2）方法

方法一：先看文章后做题。主要针对简单易懂的文章、时间又较充裕的情况。

方法二：先看问题后再读文章再做题。这种方法在时间紧、文章长的情况下更为实用。这样可以带着问题去阅读，文章中的内容与考题有关系时仔细阅读，与题目无关时，可以置之不理，很快跳过去。还有一些题目涉及一般常识或科普知识，可以在未阅读文章之前自己先行判断，在阅读时只要对自己的判断进行验证就可以了。

3）三个侧重点

除了题目本身所要求查找的细节外，阅读时要注意不要逐字逐句地翻译，而要侧重地阅读。

侧重首段、尾段，首句、尾句。因为这些部分往往是作者所要谈及的论点、主题或中心思想，抓住了主干，那么细节问题就会迎刃而解。

侧重语篇标志词。语篇中句子和句子之间、段落和段落之间就是通过这种词语连接起来的，把握住这些词语就等于把握了句与句、段与段之间的关系，对于获取所需信息、准确答题至关重要。

侧重长句、难句。因为英语表达多以冗长著称，论理性很强的文章更是如此。通过较长的句子来表达复杂的思想内容，从而使文章更具有说服力。所以，我们在阅读时，必须重视长句、难句，认真分析句子，把握住关键点。事实上，不少问题就是针对这些长句、难句而设置的。

以上是归纳出的几点解英语阅读选择题目的技巧。考生在训练中应尽快掌握这些技巧，并在实践中摸索出一套适合自己的方法。

第二部分 非选择题

三、概括段落大意和补全句子（第16～25题，每题1分，共10分）

Dormitory Life

①Living in a dormitory at college can be a great experience.However, if you take no steps to make this experience positive, dormitory life can become a misery.When you choose to live in a college dormitory, you will have a better chance to live a colorful and meaningful life.Meanwhile, you will have to give up many things as well.②When you live in a dormitory, you can meet many people with different interests.And you can enjoy the various services there.Both are very important to make you successful at college.But you may have to give up much of your personal space.You will share a room with someone else.This means you need to make peace with the things and people around you.③You will have to learn some important life skills.For example, you will learn how to get along with people.You will also learn to ignore things that you can’t change.But in the future, you will find these skills very helpful when you are working in the world.④When you live in a dormitory, you can enjoy a wide range of campus services, which are not available to those who live off campus.If you have any school related problems, you have no difficulty finding someone to help, because the school hires people to help the students living there.⑤Besides, living on campus means you don’t have to travel to and from school in rush hours.And you are more involved in campus life.For example, you can have a better chance to take part in the club activities and make you own contributions.If you want to live a rich campus life, living in a dormitory is your best choice.Task 1

A.Important life skills ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英语二》

B.Other conveniences C.Colorful campus life D.Various campus services E.Introduction to dormitory life F.Gains and costs of dormitory life 16.Paragraph ①：_____ [答疑编号506540020201]

【解析】第一段是对宿舍生活的介绍。【答案】E Introduction to dormitory life

17.Paragraph ②：_____ [答疑编号506540020202]

【答案】F Gains and costs of dormitory life 【解析】第二段说明宿舍生活是有收获的。

18.Paragraph ③：_____ [答疑编号506540020203]

【答案】A Important life skills 【解析】第三段说明要学会必要的生活技能。

19.Paragraph ④：_____ [答疑编号506540020204]

【答案】D Various campus services 【解析】第四段谈到了校园服务。

20.Paragraph ⑤：_____ [答疑编号506540020205]

【答案】20.B Other conveniences 【解析】第五段说的是其它的一些便利服务。

【试题分析】

本题题型Task 1是概括段落大意，或者说是给每段加一个小标题。此题是考查考生提取关键信息的能力。短文后边给出六个选项，其中一个是干扰项。C.Colorful campus life “多彩的校园生活”，文中并没有这一段。

Task 2

A.start a new life

B.losing much of your private life

C.have an unhappy dormitory life

D.many of the campus services

E.traveling from home to school

F.good relation with others

21.If you make no effort, you will _____.[答疑编号506540020206]

【答案】C have an unhappy dormitory life

【解析】原文：However, if you take no steps to make this experience positive, dormitory ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英语二》

life can become a misery.与选项C意思相符。

22.Dormitory life means_____.[答疑编号506540020207]

【答案】B losing much of your private life 【解析】原文：But you may have to give up much of your personal space.与选项B意思相符。

23.You need to master many skills like how to keep _____.[答疑编号506540020208]

【答案】F good relation with others 【解析】原文：For example, you will learn how to get along with people.与选项F意思相符。

24.Those who live off campus cannot use _____.[答疑编号506540020209]

【答案】D many of the campus services 【解析】原文：When you live in a dormitory, you can enjoy a wide range of campus services, which are not available to those who live off campus.与选项D意思相符。

25.Living on campus can save you the trouble of _____.[答疑编号506540020210]

【答案】E traveling from home to school 【解析】原文：Besides, living on campus means you don’t have to travel to and from school in rush hours.与选项C的意思相符。

【试题分析】

本题题型Task 2 是补全句子，也是六选五的模式，其中有一个干扰项。A.start a new life “开始新的生活”，文中并未提及。

四、填句补文（第26—30题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。将正确选项写到答题卡上。

Grandpa My Hero

My grandfather had only one child and that was my mother.He always wanted a son but it never happened.__26 __ When my mom got pregnant, he thought he finally had a boy in the family, but it turned out that her first child was my old sister.When I was born, Grandpa was very happy.He was the first to give me a baseball glove and to play baseball with me.My first glove was as small as my whole hand is now.When Grandpa gave me that glove, I was very excited.__27__ It was my pride and joy.When I was five, I played on my first baseball team and Grandpa was the coach.He wanted me to play one position, but I wanted to play another.__28__ I tried so hard that I made good progress.Grandpa was very proud of me.Ever since then, he has worked with me to make me a better player.Grandpa has helped me become not only a better player, but a better person.__29__ Today Grandpa does ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英语二》

not play baseball with me so often, but he still comes to every practice and game.He sits and watches my practices through rain and shine.__30__ I love him and hope he will be around for many more years to support me and baseball.A.I was so happy I even slept with it at my side.B.He wanted a son because he wanted to teach him to play baseball.C.I owe him all my success in baseball and in my life.D.In order to make me happy, he let me play what I wanted.E.He was named our baseball team’s number one fan by my coach.F.My grandpa is still working at a store.26.______ [答疑编号506540020211]

【答案】B 【解析】B选项解释了前一句“姥爷想要儿子”的原因。

27.______ [答疑编号506540020212]

【答案】A 【解析】A选项是前一句的进一步的阐述。

28.______ [答疑编号506540020213]

【答案】D 【解析】D选项与前一句是顺承关系。

29.______ [答疑编号506540020214]

【答案】C 【解析】C选项是对上一句的进一步阐述。

30.______ [答疑编号506540020215]

【答案】E 【解析】E选项是对上一句的进一步阐述。

【参考译文】

姥爷，我的英雄

我的姥爷只有一个孩子，那就是我的母亲。姥爷他总想得到一个儿子但未能如愿。他想要儿子是因为他想教儿子打棒球。当我的母亲怀孕时，姥爷想，这个家终于要有一个男孩子了，但是第一个孩子是我的姐姐。当我降生时，我的姥爷非常高兴。

姥爷是第一个给我棒球手套并且跟我一起打棒球的人。我的第一只棒球手套现在与我的手掌一样大小，当我得到它的时候非常兴奋，甚至在睡觉时都把它放在身边，它是我的骄傲和欢乐。

我五岁时，加入第一支棒球队，我姥爷是教练。他想让我打一个位置，但是我想打另一个位置。为了使我高兴，他让我如愿以偿。我练习十分努力并且进步很大。姥爷为我感到自豪。从此他与我一起，把我训练成为更好的棒球手。

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英语二》

姥爷不仅仅帮助我变成好的棒球运动员，而且成为一个好人。我的棒球生涯和我的生活成功归功于我的姥爷。今天我的姥爷不能经常和我一起打棒球了，但是他仍然来观看我的每一场训练和比赛。他坐着观看着无论下雨还是太阳高照。我的教练称他为我们棒球队的第一粉丝。我爱我的姥爷，希望他健康长寿继续支持我和棒球。

【试题分析】

本题题型是考查文章的语段特征。考生要把握文章整体结构，对内容了解透彻，上下句的连贯性和一致性，也是六选五的模式，其中有一个干扰项。F.My grandpa is still working at a store.“我的姥爷仍在一个商店工作”，文中并未提及。

五、填词补文（第31～40题，每题1.5分，共15分）

下面的短文有10处空白，短文后列出12个词，其中10个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，将正确选项写到答题卡上。

Protecting the Few

How we live our lives affects the environment.The environment is all the things around you.All across Earth, humans are 31 the environment in small and large ways.We cut down trees to build houses.We plow fields to 32 crops.We pour waste into rivers, lakes and oceans.We use larger nets and bigger boats to catch 33 numbers of fish.Activities like these affect plants and animals.They 34 affect things like the soil and water.Sometimes our actions make the number of a 35 plant or animal get larger.For example, if you planted roses in your yard, there would be more roses in your area.Our activities can also 36 to a smaller number of plants and animals.If a park were turned into an apartment building, what would happen to the plants and animals there? Well, they would 37 die or move to other 38.There would be fewer plants and animals.Pollution and other activities sometimes cause the number of a species（物种）to become so 39 that it cannot survive.A species that is in 40 of dying out is called an endangered（濒危的）species.A.changing

E.huge

I.increase

B.grow

F.places

J.small

C.lead

G.certain K.survival

D.either

H.also

L.danger

31.______ [答疑编号506540020301]

【答案】A 【解析】答案为A，意思为：正在改变环境。

32.______ [答疑编号506540020302]

【答案】B 【解析】 答案为B，意思为：种庄稼。

33.______ [答疑编号506540020303]

【答案】E 【解析】答案是E，意思为：很多鱼。

34.______ ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英语二》

[答疑编号506540020304]

【答案】H 【解析】答案是H，意思为：它们也影响土壤和水。

35.______ [答疑编号506540020305]

【答案】G 【解析】答案是G，意思为：一些植物或动物。

36.______ [答疑编号506540020306]

【答案】C 【解析】答案为C，意思为：导致。

37.______ [答疑编号506540020307]

【答案】D 【解析】答案为D，either „or„意思为：或者„„或者„„

38.______ [答疑编号506540020308]

【答案】F 【解析】答案为F，意思为：其它地方。

39.______ [答疑编号506540020309]

【答案】J 【解析】答案为J，意思为：变得很小。

40.______ [答疑编号506540020310]

【答案】L 【解析】答案为L，意思为：陷入困境。

【试题分析】

本题题型是考查文章词汇的理解能力。短文后面的这10个题目主要是考查完形填空，考生要从12个备选词中找出符合语境的词汇，填入空白处。

【参考译文】

保护少数（保护稀少物种）

我们如何生活会影响环境。环境就是我们周围所有的事物。在地球上，人类正在以大大小小的方面改变环境。我们砍伐树木建造房屋，耕地种庄稼，把垃圾倾入河流、湖泊和海洋。我们张开大网和较大的渔船去捕捞大量的鱼类。类似这样的行为活动影响植物和动物，也影响像土壤和水等事物。

有的时候我们的行动使得某些植物和动物的数量增加。例如，如果你在你的院子里种植玫瑰花，那么在你的周围就会存在很多玫瑰。

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英语二》

我们的行为也能够导致植物和动物的数量减少。如果一个公园变成一个公寓楼，那么那些植物和动物会怎样呢？它们可能或者死去或者被移动到其他地方，这样就会使植物和动物减少。

污染和其他活动有时候引起某一个物种的数量变得如此之少，以至于该物种不能生存。一个处于消亡危险的物种被称之为濒危物种。

六、完形补文（第41～50题，每题1.5分，共15分）

下面的短文有10处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。

The Power of Language Language is something that defines（define）us as humans.When language is 41（use）well, it can bring out very deep feelings in others, and encourage others to take 42（act）.Sometimes in poetry a certain phrase can bring 43（tear）to the eyes and move us deeply.When we use language to express our true feelings to someone, it can open and 44（deep）the connection between us.Language is a very 45（power）tool.How we use language shapes our world.How we use self-talk 46（direct）shapes our experience of both ourselves and the world.How we deliver 47（communicate）shapes the way the world 48（respond）to us.We can use language more 49（effective）.And this clearly influences the health and power of our 50（person）relationships and business relationships.41.______ [答疑编号506540020311]

【答案】used 【解析】此处填写used，意思为：被使用。用被动语态。

42.______ [答疑编号506540020312]

【答案】action 【解析】此处填写action，take action意思为：采取行动。固定词组。

43.______ [答疑编号506540020313]

【答案】tears 【解析】此处填写tears，bring tears to the eyes意思为：热泪盈眶。

44.______ [答疑编号506540020314]

【答案】 deepen 【解析】此处填写deepen，意思为：加深。deep后面加en,变成动词。

45.______ [答疑编号506540020315]

【答案】powerful 【解析】此处填写powerful，powerful tool意思为：有力的工具。power后面加ful,变成形容词。

46.______ ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英语二》

[答疑编号506540020316]

【答案】directly 【解析】此处填写directly，意思为：直接地。direct后面加ly变成副词。

47.______ [答疑编号506540020317]

【答案】communication 【解析】此处填写communication，意思为：交流。communicate后面加tion变成名词。

48.______ [答疑编号506540020318]

【答案】responds 【解析】此处填写responds，意思为：回应。direct后面加s，表第三人称单数。

49.______ [答疑编号506540020319]

【答案】effectively 【解析】此处填写effectively，意思为：有效地。effective后面加ly变成副词。

50.______ [答疑编号506540020320]

【答案】personal 【解析】此处填写personal，意思为：个人的。person后面加al变成形容词。

【试题分析】

本题题型是考查文章中已给出词汇的词形变换。短文中的10个空白处有相应的提示词，主要是考查考生能够通过上下文和短文结构，对具体词汇的词性、时态、语态、单数或复数等方面做出分析，进行适当的变换后再填入空白处，使得短文意义完整、语法正确。

【参考译文】

语言的力量

语言是某物将我们定义为人类。当语言使用得当，它能对其他人产生深深的情感，并且鼓励其他人采取行动。有时候，一首诗歌中的语句能使我们热泪盈眶、深深地感动我们。当我们用语言表达对某人的真实感受，它可以敞开心扉并且加深我们之间的关系。

语言是强有力的工具。我们如何使用语言塑造我们的世界；我们如何利用自我对话直接地形成我们和世界两者的经历；我们如何传递交流沟通造就世界对我们反响的方式。我们能够更加有效地利用语言，此举显然影响到我们的健康和个人的关系以及工作关系的能力。

七、短文写作（第51题，30分）

请根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。将你的答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。

51.某英文报纸正在举办题为“My Favorite Job”的征文活动。请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征。内容包括以下两个方面：

你最喜欢的工作是什么？

你为什么喜欢它？

试题短文写作部分为一个小题，总计30分，要求考生写一篇100词左右的短文。试卷已经给出题目，考生应依════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英语二》

据内容的要求进行写作。

短文写作的一般要求为：能够理解所给出的语言情境，能够运用相关的语言知识完成所规定的写作任务。能正确表达思想，内容基本清晰完整，语言基本通顺，意义连贯，无重大语言错误，用词基本恰当，符合文章的特定文体格式。

写作评分的标准简述：

评分标准分为五个档次。首先根据短文书写的总体质量，而不是按照语言错误的数量扣分。打分时，根据所写内容要点、篇章结构和语言运用初步确定其所属的档次，然后再具体给分。拼写、标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，字数明显不足分数要降低一个档次，书写质量较差也要降低一个档次。英、美拼写皆可接受。

评分的标准五档（详见教学大纲）

写作应试策略：

写作内容涉及生活、一般常识和私人信件，体裁包括记叙文、说明文、描写文、议论文、应用文等。依据近年来成人考试的考题分析，英语短文写作趋势以应用文类型为主。试题皆为命题写作，限定内容，加以拓展。

写作相对来讲是比较难的题目，但是因为题目已经给出规定内容和要求，只要翻译准确即可。不要求文字的华丽。经过组织段落之后，短文字数也要尽量写够100词。

短文写作的最根本的基础是词汇量，掌握了一定量的词汇（words），还要有语法知识，才能把词汇写成句子（sentence），应注意英文写作表达方式和格式与汉语的不同之处，尽量避免写病句。句子是短文写作的重要组成部分，将句子安排顺序组织成段落（paragraph），这就是短文（composition）的构成。

短文写作，没什么捷径可走，必须多练，熟能生巧。建议大家每星期至少写一篇英语小短文，并在每一篇中尽量换一个新话题，使用已经学到的词汇、词组、句型和句式。这样既可以强化记忆单词，同时也可以实践语法的正确使用，尝试自己是否可以驾御写作英文短文。在实践中，将母语与英语渐渐的融为一体，发展自己的写作风格。

下面就以2013年的考试题目为例，写出一篇小短文，仅供参考。

My Favorite Job

I have had a variety of part-time and full-time jobs, some interesting and some dull.I’ve worked in an office, a grocery store, a factory, and countless other places.After I graduated from college, I became a teacher.I definitely prefer teaching to any of the other jobs.I am a people-person and especially enjoy the interaction with the students.I also feel very fulfilled when I see the students make progress.I greatly enjoy preparing the lessons and try to create activities that are both practical and fun.While I’m glad I gained much practical experience at my other jobs, I realize that I am most fulfilled as a teacher.结束语：

学员朋友们，今天我们关于2013年10月真题的解析就到此结束。建议大家在下课后对已经学过的知识进行系统的复习、总结，在考试前夕按照考试规定时间认真多做一些模拟题，锻炼并提高自己的应试能力，进行实战演练。

高等教育自考英语

（二）的考试是本科阶段的通过考试，因此试题有一定的难度。但是，通过自己的努力学习提高英语水平，就一定能够达到目的。

If you never give up, you will definitely succeed.你只要不灰心，就一定会成功的。

Good luck!

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

第二篇：自考英语二2010.04真题

I.GRAMMARAND VOCABULARY Complete each of the following 15 sentences with the most likely answer.Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet.(1 point each, 15 points in all)1.I was shocked by the number of people who seemed to have nothing better to do with their time than ______ to know fish better.A.get B.gets C.getting D.got

2.Not all birds can fly , ______ do all birds build nests.A.not B.no C.never D.nor

3.When you fall in love for the first time, it’s surprising ______ inconveniences you can put up with.A.that B.what C.which D.those

4.I know my limitations, so I won’t do anything ______ my ability.A.beyond B.under C.above D.below

5.The hosts apologized for ______ that some of their guests might be vegetarians.A.having not considered B.not having considered C.having not been considering D.not considering

6.Mrs.Smith locked both the front and the back doors before she went to bed ______ that someone might steal into the house at night.A.so B.for fear C.unless D.on condition

7.We have to wait for the bus, ______? A.have we B.haven’t we C.do we D.don’t we

8.______ the popularity of robots in Japan, the country’s robot-production growth is slowing down.A.As B.Although C.With D.Despite 9.The proposal deserves support as it gives ______ to the needs of children.A.curiosity B.awareness C.priority D.emphasis

10.Those familiar with evening dress will always ______ black with elegance.A.link B.associate C.connect D.relate

11.If you’re sitting around a lonely campfire at night, the howl of a wolf can sound pretty ______.A.fearful B.threatening C.dreadful D.frightening

12.The suspect cooperated fully with the police when ______ about his role in the incident.A.required B.questioned C.demanded D.negotiated

13.Homing pigeon is useful as a ______ carrier because when taken from home, it will return at the first opportunity.A.meaning B.information C.message D.content

14.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.A.conveniently B.obediently C.sufficiently D.reluctantly

15.She was so ______ the noise that she sent the children to bed.A.broken down by B.filled in with C.taken over by D.fed up with

II.CLOZE to your choice on the answer sheet.(1 point each, 15 points in all)A quarter of the world’s population now speaks English.If you want to 16 your products, or yourself, you have no choice 17 to do it in English.Politicians and business people must speak English if they want to make their mark 18 the world’s stage.Writers of minority languages can 19 hope to sell their books unless they write in English.As English is spoken all over the world, it means that no individual country can really exercise a 20 influence over it.In the past, it was the mother tongue 21 who controlled the future of the language.Now, indeed for the last few decades, the mother tongue users are in a significant 22.This means that the character of the language could well 23 with new words, new rhythms, and new pronunciations.It isn’t going to be British and American English anymore-that’s 24.All over the world education authorities are struggling to find the resources to meet the 25 for English.However, it is open to question whether they are putting all their eggs in one 26.The future of English language is intimately 27 the electronic revolution.Satellite television and the Internet have helped accelerate the 28 of English, but will that always be the case? The Internet, 29 , is now seen as the saviour of minority languages.Indeed, with the continuing improvements in electronic translation, will we even need a(n)30 language? It is open to question.16.A.sell B.make C.produce D.trade 17.A.and B.but C.rather D.or 18.A.on B.with C.for D.at 19.A.ever B.still C.no longer D.no more 20.A.negative B.typical C.subtle D.dominant 21.A.speakers B.followers C.believers D.interpreters 22.A.group B.number C.amount D.minority 23.A.alter B.differ C.shift D.vary 24.A.old B.new C.history D.future 25.A.want B.pursuit C.demand D.desire 26.A.box B.basket C.bag D.container 27.A.restricted to B.drawn to C.tied up with D.caught up with 28.A.range B.scope C.spread D.coverage 29.A.as a result B.as a rule C.in addition D.in fact 30.A.global B.unique C.worldly D.international Ⅲ.PARAPHRASING

Choose the closest paraphrased version after each of the following sentences or the italicized part.Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet.(1 point each, 10 points in all)31.By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most often for the benefit of othersexplanation-example

Every single student that applies for a class or course online has certain expectations and they are often extremely high.Unfortunately for most individuals, they will be disappointed.It is a fact that the majority of individuals believe that they will actually enjoy every aspect of their course.The truth is that there is very little in a degree to inspire until an individual actually completes the course and is awarded the degree or certificate that could change his or her life.This is no different with an online education and, in fact, the disappointment may be more obvious because they may face extra difficulties in an online course.Online education expectations are often incredibly high, as previously stated, in terms of what an individual can get from it as well as the manageability of the content itself.However, although an individual will ultimately be proven right about what he or she can get from it, this will not be the case for manageability.Most online education courses are anything but manageable for those who decide to take them.The level of work would be the same as any other degree or qualification course, but an individual is expected to manage it on his or her own instead of having a tutor or lecturer there to remind him or her about assignments and deadlines.Time management is extremely important, but the nature of these individuals’ life often makes it impossible to manage without feeling the stresses and strains of the burden.It is important to be realistic with your expectations concerning an online education course, but many are completely unrealistic.If you read any of the accounts from students that have already taken and may have even passed an online education course, many will speak in glowing terms;but you should also read between the lines.They claim that their expectations will ultimately be fulfilled in terms of the long-term benefits.However, in the short term they may say they found it difficult to cope with the workload, the lack of time that they actually had to complete it, an unsupportive employer and so on.This last point may not be an issue if you are doing it to advance yourself within your current workplace, but there will otherwise be some sort of resentment bubbling under the surface and that can indeed make your life a misery for a little while.If you expect it and prepare for it then it should not bother you too much, and if the resentment does not come then so much the better!In terms of your own expectations, the best attitude to have is not to go in with any at all.If you do not expect anything then you may be pleasantly surprised.It can be difficult to fit an online education in with personal commitments, such as a family to look after or a job to go to every day whilst trying to study.It does take a lot of effort, but if you do not expect it to be easy or expect that you will just be able to do it without the balance of your life being upset as a result, then you will probably find that you do get a sense of satisfaction from it!Similarly, if you expect the worst then you will probably be pleasantly surprised!Managing your expectations can be difficult, but do not let them get the better of you!46.The manageability is more difficult in online courses than in any other course because ______.A.online courses require higher level of work B.online courses bring much more assignments C.online course takers have no way to contact their lecturers D.online course takers have to rely on themselves for management 47.According to the passage, one may not have the problem of an unsupportive employer if ______.A.he is fully prepared to deal with any resentment from his boss B.his online education will be beneficial to his current workplace C.his expectations will be fulfilled in the form of long-term benefits D.he can discuss the issue width his boss openly and bravely on the table 48.According to the writer of this passage, one’s satisfaction in online education might come from ______.A.high expectations B.diligent efforts C.a realistic attitude D.a proper balance 49.In the last sentence of this passage, the phrase “get the better of you” probably means “______”.A.make a fool of you B.take advantage of you C.get too fancy for you to imagine D.become too high for you to control 50.This passage is written mainly for the purpose of ______.A.inspiring its readers to fulfill their expectations through hard work B.persuading its readers to be more practical with their personal commitments C.informing its readers about the disadvantages of the courses they take online D.preparing its readers for the hardships they may encounter in online education

V.WORD DERIVATION Complete each of the following sentences with a(compound)word derived from the one(s)given in brackets.Write your word on the answer sheet.(1 point each, 10 points in all)51.The railway station has always been a fascinating place, representing departure as well as ______.(arrive)52.A climate that is extreme in temperature, whether it be too hot or too cold, is not ______.(desire)53.Tropical rainforest is a forest of tall trees in a region of year-round ______ and plentiful rainfall.(warm)54.We often hear of people breaking down from ______, but in nine cases out of ten they are really suffering from worry or anxiety.(work, over)55.The ______ red strawberries make a nice decoration on top of the cake.(juice)56.More and more businessmen have realized that it is important to ______ their products in international trade.(standard)57.The earthquake-stricken area received ______ help from its neighboring provinces.(time)58.What is considered moral in one society may be ______ in another, depending on different social values.(moral)59.Young people will need to learn to ______ the responsibility of their own decisions.(shoulder)60.Special guidance and help need to be provided to the ______ members of the staff.(qualified)VI.SENTENCE TRANSLATION Turn the following sentences into English and write your sentences on the answer sheet.(3 points each, 15 points in all)61.公司越来越多地借助高科技来保护计算机的安全。62.学生们应该首先根据他们的兴趣来选专业。

63.名人生活压力很大，因为不管他们表面多光鲜，他们基本上没有隐私和安全感。64.在应聘工作时，应聘者应积极参与谈话，但不应喧宾夺主。

65.经过三个月的投诉，我终于让百货商场经理退还了多收我的二十块钱。VII.WRITING Write a composition on the answer sheet in about 150 words, basing yourself on one of the texts you have learned.(15 points)Topic: Describe the changes Barrentt experienced and explain the reason based on the text “Take Over, Bos’n!” Use the following outline: ·the situation the sailors were in

·the conflict between Snyder, the captain, and Barrentt, the third officer ·the role Barrentt played

·the cause for Barrentt’s change

第三篇：自考英语写作真题-3

全国2010年4月高等教育自学考试

外贸英语写作试题

课程代码：00097

请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上

Part One: Questions 1-20

Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.（在下列各题中选择一个最佳答案填空。）20%

1.The ______ will have a rotating honorary chairman.A.Board of Directors

C.boards of directorB.Boards of DirectorD.Board Directors

2.Only one of the job applicants can keyboard as fast as ______.A.mine

C.IB.myselfD.me

3.Because of the construction decline, ______ housing is available.A.fewer

C.leastB.lessD.more

4.Checking accounts differ ______ saving accounts.A.with

C.betweenB.onD.from

5.After inspection of the above shipment, they found 6 cases ______.A.loss

C.missedB.missingD.losing

6.It might have been ______ who made the bid.A.himself

C.him

7.______ must be done to solve this problem.A.Everything

C.Some thing

8.She is unhappy with ______ of the order.A.your handle

C.you handleB.your handling D.you handlingB.SomethingD.AnythingB.hisD.he

9.A committee of four men and five women ______ to be appointed in this week’s meeting.A.wereB.was

═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

C.isD.are

10.The President has asked for budget cuts, and Congress has indicated ______ willingness to legislate some of them.A.its

C.it’sB.theirD.his

11.The outer packing of the black tea in small wooden cases looks ______.A.attractive

C.beautyB.attractivelyD.beautifully

12.______ you have entered your new office building, you probably would like to refurnish it.A.Now that

C.ForB.So thatD.Because

13.In addition to setting the price of a product, business firms must decide ______ to offer special discount and credit terms to their customers.A.if

C.whateverB.whichD.whether

14.I think your sister is old enough to know ______ to spend all her money on fancy goods.A.better than

C.other thanB.thanD.rather than

15.I have received ______ professional training.A.three-month

C.a three-monthB.three-monthsD.three-month’s

16.______ our general agent, you would also have to look after the advertising.A.Be

C.To beB.ForD.As

17.Although ______ primarily to promote trade relations, these agreements also foster technological cooperation.A.designed

C.it is designedB.they are to be designedD.they are being designed

18.The importer will submit references if these ______ given in the preliminary negotiations.A.are not

C.has not beenB.had not beenD.were not

19.The goods are urgently needed.We ______ hope you will deliver them immediately.A.in the case

C.thereforeB.soD.for

20.We appreciate your suggestion ______ establish agency relationship between our two banks.A.that

C.we

Part Two: Questions 21-30

B.forD.to

There is one mistake in each of the following sentences.Detect and correct the mistakes.Write your corrections together with the mistakes on the answer sheet.（下列每句各有一个错误，找出错误并改正。请将错误及改正写在答题纸上。）20%

Example: Who’s taking care the dog while you’re away?

taking care → taking care of

21.The computer, which is a very useful tool, is more and more dispensable in both our work and our life.22.Comparing with the same type of products of other companies, your product is the best.23.Nowadays surfing on the net is become a necessary part of our everyday life.24.I wish I could speak English as fluent as native speakers do.25.“I’ve got used to do E-commerce on the net,” he said to me proudly.26.Surely it was them who left the package last night.27.Our age, as we all know, is a information age.28.The contract, which stipulations have been negotiated over the past six months, is to be signed again.29.This letter is accompanied by a questionnaire and a self-addressed envelope.30.Writing for Business Week, the TV networks were commended by the editor for their coverage of economics.Part Three: Questions 31-40

Write logical sentences with the words and phrases given.(用所给的词和词组写出符合逻辑的句子。)10%

31.generally expect / to have / we / in today’s workplace / good computer skills / all employees

32.how well / are eager to / is performing / find out / the sales representatives / the promotion team

33.will have / with exchange rate / you visit / in any of the 8 countries / you and your staff / no trouble

34.import tax / permits goods / with little or no / to enter this country / the open-door policy

35.a free bestseller / will send / join now / if you / the Time Book Club / you

36.like the WTO / to regulate the economic / international economic bodies / and trade development / the world / needs

37.the enclosed draft / be able to review / you will / the next two weeks / within / I hope

38.have been employed / in an effort / different methods / the energy problem / by different countries / to solve

39.the group / similar investments / in other parts / according to / is making / a recent report / of the world

40.during a given time period / the imports / of a specified commodity / or exports / a quota limits

Part Four: Questions 41-50

Each of the following sentences contains one punctuation error.One punctuation in each is either missing or misused.Detect the error and write the missing punctuation or your correction together with the word before the punctuation on the answer sheet.（下面每句都有一个标点符号错误，该用标点处未用标点或标点符号用错。改正错误或补写标点，并将其与前面的一个单词一起填写在答题纸上。）10%

Example: A.What a nice present you gave me.B.You think you are right don’t you?

41.I doubt that he can answer your question

42.In short employees must work hard and creatively.43.We are considering Boise, Idaho or Phoenix Arizona as a possible site for our factory.44.Everybody knows that, we have a very challenging sales quota to fulfill this year.45.The aircraft exhibition will be open seven days a week from 9 am to 6 p.m.46.The machines arrived today, we plan to install them next week.47.If you desire additional information please sign and return the enclosed card.48.Although, he joined the firm only last year, he is already senior to me.49.The rent is reasonable, moreover, the location is perfect.50.They have been working for hours without a moments rest.Part Five: Memo Writing

Write a memo in about 50 words.（写一份50个单词左右的备忘录。）15%

51.You are the Personnel Manager of a company, and have been approached by your IT Department to recruit three new members of staff.Write a memo to Miss Kate Bush, the Manager of the IT Department,·informing her you have received over 100 applications and have selected 10 candidates for interview,·telling her you will write to the candidates inviting them for interview, and

·asking her to tell you the time and the place of the interview.Part Six: Letter Writing

Write a letter in 130-150 words.（写一封字数为130-150的信函。）25%

52.根据下列信息写一封希望与一家外国公司建立业务关系的书信, 字数在130-150之间。

1)从网上获悉贵公司求购丝绸服装。

2)我们公司是我国最大的丝绸服装出口公司之一, 愿在平等互惠的基础上建立业务关系。

3)我们公司的丝绸服装采用高档纯丝作原料，按传统工艺制作而成，给人以雍容华贵之感，令人爱不释手。现

附上商品目录和价格单供贵公司参阅。

4)希望贵公司来函询盘。

第四篇：经典真题解析

一、简单地介绍下自己

尊敬的各位考官以及所有工作人员，大家好！

今天能在这里参加面试，有机会向各位考官请教和学习，我感到非常荣幸，我会好好珍惜这次难得机会把一个真实的我展示给在场的各位，下面介绍一下我的基本情况。

我是某重点高校2008届**专业本科毕业生，报考的岗位是****。我生活作风简朴踏实，为人乐观友善；热心国事，积极参与党团组织活动；有着较高的政治觉悟和一定的理论水平；喜欢从事事务性工作，服务意识较强；爱好写作、读书以及户外运动。

我接受过全方位大学基础教育，**专业学习锻造了我扎实的理论基础、缜密的逻辑思维能力以及敏锐的发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的视角。在求学的过程中，我积极参与调研和社会实践活动，曾担任学生社团负责人，组织策划过多次学生社团活动；参加过我校大学生暑期三下乡社会实践活动，参与撰写的社会实践论文获我校暑期三下乡社会实践优秀论文二等奖。通过大学的学习和锻炼，我培养了较强的文字处理、社会调研、人际交往以及计划组织协调能力。在大学期间，获得了省级高校三好学生、校级三好学生、校级奖学金以及校级优秀毕业生等荣誉和奖励。

大学毕业后，我在服务零售业工作近两年，曾担任经理助理一职，协助经理处理好区域各项事务，负责公文写作、会议组织、活动策划、行政管理等相关工作。服务零售业的工作经验，进一步强化了我的服务意识，积累了解决实际问题的经验，更加深了我对基层工商行政管理部门在市场经济活动中，履行准入、监管、执法、维权等职能以规范市场经济秩序、保障国民经济又好又快发展的理解。

总之，较为全面的知识储备以及两年来的工作经历，使我具备了一定的文字功底和较强语言表达能力，锻炼较强的人际关系处理、计划组织协调、应变及自我情绪控制能力。面向未来，就我的工作意愿、兴趣爱好、能力和经验而言，我有信心能在公务员这一神圣的岗位上，为社会做出应有的贡献，实现自我价值。谢谢！

二、领导前一天交代你将文件交给甲，第二天领导一上班就责怪你，本应将文件送给乙，为什么却送给了甲，你该如何处理？

在工作中会碰到各式各样的问题，如题中出现的情况，就是一个很正常的现象，因为工作就是在解决纷繁复杂的矛盾中个人能力得到不断提高，从而更好地服务他人，实现自我价值的过程。如果我碰到上述问题，我会从以下几个方面去处理：

首先，我要摆正心态、正确地对待这个问题，既然领导责怪我把文件送错地方了，那我在第一时间将甲处的文件取回，送给乙。同时，跟甲道歉，由于自己的疏忽把文件误送给甲，请求他的谅解，我相信通过我的沟通，甲能够谅解的。

其次，我会虚心接受领导对我的批评，当然不会跟领导顶撞，否则会使事情复杂化。待将错误弥补后，我会对这件事情进行反思。在我的印象中明明是领导交代我将文件送给甲的，是我记错了还是领导突然该改变想法，又不便于表明。这些都不是重点了，自己的反思是为了将这件事情弄清楚，给自己一个反省。

第三，事后，若该事是领导的失误造成的，对此我也不会单独找领导说明情况，毕竟是一件小事。我更不会因此抱怨，尤其在同事之间抱怨。我会把这件事情当做对自己的一种历练。对于以后的类似事情，我会跟领导再次确认文件送往的处室和人员，并将送往的处室和人员写在便条上附在文件后与领导核实。

总之，在工作中犯错误并不可怕，可怕的是再次犯同一错误。在以后的工作中，我会更加细致、耐心并加强业务学习，确保把工作做得尽善尽美。

三、你新到单位，对单位不了解，领导交给你任务，你没有完成好，领导不信任你了，你怎么办？

任何人进入一个新的环境都会有一个由陌生到熟悉、不适应到适应的过程，作为新到单位的公职人员，肯定会遇到由于对单位的不熟悉不了解，而产生这样或那样的问题。不管遇到任何难题，我们一定要摆正心态、积极主动地应对一切。如遇到上述情况，我会从以下几个方面来做：

首先，领导交给我任务，我没有完成好，是自己的失责，我一定会虚心接受领导的批评和建议，积极改正错误，加班加点保质保量将任务完成好，直到领导满意为止。

其次，在以后的工作中，我会更多地向有经验的老同志请教，在最短的时间内熟悉单位工作流程和规 1

章制度，同时利用休息时间加强知识学习，切实提高自身业务技能。

第三，我不会因为这件事情而气馁，我会将这种压力转化为做好本职工作的动力，在尽职尽责做好本职工作之余，遇到自己有把握做好的任务，我会积极主动地向领导“请缨”，并竭尽一切力量确保圆满完成新的任务。

我相信通过自己努力的学习、诚恳的工作、积极的态度，一定能重新获得领导的信任。其实在工作中，尤其是在公务员这个神圣的岗位上，我们将会面临更加错综复杂的问题，不管任何时候，都要坚定信心、千方百计排除万难，将自己有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务的事业中去。为人民、为国家做出自己应有的贡献。

四、领导安排一个与你有矛盾的同事一起出差，你会如何做？

人心齐，泰山移。和谐的同事关系是做好工作的基础和保证。领导安排我和一个有矛盾的同事一起出差，正是给了化解我们矛盾的一个机会。在执行任务的时候，我会从以下几个方面来做：

首先，认真反思，我和这位同事产生矛盾的原因，是由于自己的过失，还是他的误解，或者其他方面的分歧因处理不当留下的“后遗症”，同时，仔细考虑采取何种方式化解矛盾。

其次，无论矛盾的起因如何，过错在谁。在出差的过程中，我都会提前做好后勤保障工作，落实好交通、食宿、联络等相关事项；在工作上，多与同事沟通，互相交换意见。

第三，如果造成矛盾的主要原因在我，我会找个恰当的机会、以合适的方式向同事道歉，请求他的谅解；若由于他的误解造成了矛盾，我也会向他讲明事情原委，委婉地表明是他误解了。

最后，如果做了上述努力后，矛盾仍未化解，我会以大局为重、以工作为先，尽力与同事共同完成任务，在总结工作向领导汇报时，我会将功劳多归功于同事；如果在出差的过程中，同事非但不配合还从中作梗，我会严肃地提出批评，指出其错误，必要的时候如实向领导汇报。

我相信，通过自己的努力和相互的沟通，我们一定能“化干戈为玉帛”，成功化解彼此之间的误解，重归亲密无间的伙伴关系。除此之外，在以后的工作中，我会时刻以宽容的心态对待同事、时刻注意团结同事、时刻注意维护单位的整体形象，这样才能最大限度发挥大家的合力，形成一个高效和谐的团队。

五、单位派你去山村扶贫一年，但是因为基层执法人员的一些不当的执法行为，使得当地老百姓不相信法律，有什么事情就靠找关系或者其他门路解决，你怎么扭转这个局面？

依法治国是党和政府治理国家的基本方略，各级政府和相关部门必须做到“有法必依、执法必严、违法必究”，人民群众也要学会用法律来维护自己的合法权益。如果遇到上述问题，我会这样来处理：

首先，仔细调研群众反映的执法不公现象，向群众、执法人员以及相关部门了解清楚事情原委，获取第一手资料。

其次，经调查如果发现确实存在部分基层执法人员不当的执法行为，我将提出建议和意见，督促其纠正错误、严格执法；情节严重触犯法律法规的，我会向司法检察机关反映，绝不姑息这些违法违纪行为。如果调查结果表明，不存在这样的现象，我会公布调查结果，打消群众疑虑消除误解，维护好干群关系。

第三，无论调查结果如何，老百姓不相信法律质疑法律权威，表明当地或多或少存在执法不公、执法不严的现象。我将向上级部门反映，加强地方政府尤其是执法人员法律法规学习，严厉打击违法违纪行为，强化依法行政、严格执法观念。同时，采取法律知识巡讲、免费法律咨询等方式，做好山区群众普法教育，提高老百姓知法守法用法意识。

温家宝总理曾说过：公平正义比太阳还光辉！公平正义是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要目标，无论是地方政府还是基层执法人员都必须恪守国家法律法规依法行政、严格执法，为提高整个国家的法治水平实现公平正义做出自己的贡献，让人民群众生活地更加幸福、更有尊严！

六、某住宅楼有一个住在顶楼的住房将住宅改成餐厅，吸取了很多人来就餐，导致下面的住户意见很大！如果你是居委会办事人员，派你去处理此事，你将怎么办？

社区是居民生活的公共场所，社区事情无小事，身为居委会办事人员，我有责任和义务做好社区工作，如果出现上述情况，我会这样来处理：

首先，针对住户反映的情况，我将展开详细的调查，实地考察这个违规餐厅的基本情况，与餐厅老板

和楼下住户进行沟通，从而对餐厅的违规程度以及造成的影响有个详细的了解；同时，查阅有关违规建筑和违法经营的法律法规。

其次，我将根据自己掌握的资料，及时向相关部门反映情况，配合城管、工商等有关部门做好餐厅老板的说服教育以及行政执法工作；同时对社区进行一次大的排查，整顿违规行为，杜绝安全隐患，并及时做好这起违规餐厅事件处置情况的通报，告知其他居民处理结果，以这个事情为契机，宣传相关法律法规，提高社区居民法律意识，避免类似事情再次发生。

第三，在事情处理好之后，我会做好餐厅老板和楼下住户矛盾的协调工作，恢复和谐的邻里关系。另外，之前来餐厅就餐的人不少，表明在这个社区开餐厅还是有一定市场的。如果餐厅老板愿意在社区继续开餐厅，我将积极引导其合法经营，并尽可能的提供帮助。

总之，和谐的社区环境、友好的邻里关系有助于提高社区居民的生活质量。作为基层管理者，要尽职尽责、尽心尽力做好本职工作，为构建和谐社区做出自己应有的贡献。

七、对于广州法制办“咆哮哥”事件，你有什么看法？

全心全意为人民服务，接受人民群众监督是每一个公务员要履行的基本义务。广州法制办的那名公职人员因其恶劣的服务态度被戏称为“咆哮哥”值得我们深思，关于这件事我有以下几点看法：

首先，公务员是代表国家从事公共事务管理的，时刻代表着国家和政府的形象，忠于职守、勤勉敬业是我们的本分，为人民群众提供公共服务是我们应尽的义务。在这一点上这位公职人员是失职的，同时也给我们政府和整个公务员队伍造成了较大的负面影响。然而值得可喜的是，事后，那名公职人员意识到自己的错误，主动向当事人道歉，改正错误，这种行为值得肯定。

其次，咆哮哥事件暴露出了当前我国公务员队伍建设上的一些问题，部分公务员自身修养不够；工作态度不端正，官本位、官僚主义作风浓厚；对于公务员行政执法缺乏有效监督机制和内部纠错机制。

第三，公务员队伍作风建设事关建设服务型政府大局，相关部门要强化公务员队伍素质修养学习和业务规范培训，同时进一步完善公务员考核机制，把公务人员作风考核推向社会，让社会参与考评，构建起公务员作风监督平台。防止类似事件再次发生。

总之，作为一名公务员，在以后的工作中，我们必须严格遵守法律法规、做好本职工作，时刻注意自身行为、时刻注意倾听群众意见，时刻注意维护群众利益，兢兢业业、勤勉尽责，履行好“全心全意为人民服务”的庄严承诺，为努力建设人民满意的服务型政府作出积极的贡献。

八、一个艺术家问一个书法家什么字最难写，书法家回答：是“一”字。请发表你的看法？

老子曾说过：“有无相生，难易相成”，其中“难易相成”指的就是事情没有绝对的难和易之分，难易是可以相互转变的。其实，书法家对于艺术家的回答也可以这样理解，对于这种表达我有以下几点看法：

首先，群众利益无小事，只要是关系到群众的事情，不管事情多小，我们都要竭尽全力努力解决好，一定要让群众满意。

其次，在复杂的任务面前，只要我们要充分发动群众的力量，集众人之力，就一定能够把事情办好。就拿目前我国南方各省洪涝灾害来说，只要我们众志成城、万众一心，就一定能够共度难关。

第三，最难写的是“一”字，因为要写的平平正正、不偏不倚，“一”字的写法启示我们在工作当中，尤其是在公务员这个职位上，做人处事一定要像“一”字一样，堂堂正正做人、公公正正做事，要尽忠职守、公道正派。

总之，不管做人还是做事，作为公职人员都必须严格遵守法律法规，兢兢业业、尽心尽力、尽职尽责把工作做好，恪守“全心全意为人民服务”的庄严承诺，在这个平凡的岗位上作出不平凡的贡献。

九、用“大智若愚”编个小故事。

各位考官，接下来考生给各位讲一个“愚蠢的乞丐”的小故事。

以前，有个乞丐每当人们拿1元与5角的钱让他挑选时，他都挑5毛的，很多人都以此认为这个乞丐不能分辨1元和5毛的，这个不能分辨钱大小的乞丐越传越远，以致只要有人碰到这个乞丐都会拿1元和5毛让他去选，当然，乞丐依旧选5毛的。有一天，一个小孩很好奇，就问乞丐：你真的不认识钱吗？乞丐嘿嘿一笑：当然认识啊，只不过如果我拿1元的，以后还会有人拿1元和5毛的来让我挑吗？

在这个故事里，表面上看乞丐“愚”到不能分辨钱的大小，实际上正从反面反映出其“智”，这种人正

如老子所说：“大智若愚、大巧若拙”。这个故事给我的启示是，作为新进单位的公职人员，必须时刻谦虚谨慎，不可过分张扬，要虚心向老同志请教，以尽快熟悉单位工作流程和规章制度，提高自己的业务技能，尽快成为业务能手。

十、对于富士康跳楼事件你如何看？

富士康集团发生员工连续坠楼事件“是快速工业化、城市化、现代化转型期出现的特殊问题”。从个体看，这些年轻员工思想观念不成熟、心理比较脆弱、压力调节能力不够；从企业看，富士康集团的企业管理、文化建设等问题容易使问题和情绪产生“叠加效应”；从社会层面看，社会服务、关爱、支持、援助不够。

防止再次发生类似事件，要从加强防范、改善公共服务配套设施、加强心理干预的针对性等方面进一步加大工作力度，多管齐下，多策并重。主要措施包括：

首先，公安等部门将和企业一道，密切配合，人防、技防、物防措施一起上，仔细排查、堵塞漏洞。其次，加强企业周边的文化、体育、医疗、教育等公共服务配套设施规划建设，加大社会环境综合整治力度等，让员工在工厂内外都有良好的生活环境。

第三，指导帮助企业加快建立完善员工心理咨询体系，为全体员工提供心理咨询、辅导等服务，及时提供帮助实施有效干预，增强防范效果；最后，加强信息发布和舆论引导，要向社会及时发布客观、真实、全面、准确的信息，营造积极、健康、客观、理性的舆论氛围。除此之外，新一代产业工人要珍爱生命、热爱生活，勇敢面对困难，做生活的强者。

十一、近期，东莞警方牵卖淫女游街，引起人们热议。对于这件事，你如何看？

打击卖淫嫖娼，是公安机关应尽职责，有利于净化社会风气，促进社会稳定和谐。对于东莞警方牵卖淫女游街，我有以下几点看法：

第一，东莞警方响应公安部“打黄扫非”号召，严厉打击卖淫嫖娼行为，这一点无可厚非，这是公安机关履行职责，维护社会秩序的好举措，打得好！

第二，东莞警方采取卖淫女游街这样的方式来打击、遏制卖淫嫖娼行为，这种执法方式值得商榷。对卖淫女游街示众，这是用羞辱一个人的方式去改造一个人，反映出当前一些地方基层公安机关和民警片面追求打击效果、轻视保障人权的观念根深蒂固，不能正确、公开、公正、文明、理性执法，执法方式严重违反国家规定，侵害了违法人员的人格尊严。

第三，打击卖淫嫖娼行为，需要全社会共同努力。要进一步完善打击卖淫嫖娼行为的实施细则，对违法行为加大处罚力度，让参与卖淫嫖娼的群众有所惧；各级公安机关及公职人员要切实改进执法工作，努力做到规范执法、公正执法、文明执法；要动员广大人民群众的力量，鼓励其举报卖淫嫖娼行为；要发挥新闻媒体舆论监督的作用，在全社会倡导积极健康的生活方式。

总之，只要全社会共同行动起来，警民互动共同打击卖淫嫖娼行为，我们的社会风气将更加良好，社会将更加和谐稳定。

十二、温总理在浙大勉励学子“做事不做官”，你如何看？

“为天地立心，为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平。”这是先人告诫我们后辈如何实现人生价值，温总理勉励学子“做事不做官”，与先人的教诲有异曲同工之处。对于这句话我是这样来理解的：

首先，人生的目的就是“做事”。“行行出状元”，无论干哪一行、从事什么专业，都要用我们所学的专长为人民服务，如果这样做了，而且做贡献了，就实现了自己的价值，人生也就有了意义。

其次，不能“为了做官而做官”。如果为做官而做官，背离老百姓的利益，作威作福、以权谋私，给社会和国家造成了严重的损失，将老百姓的利益当成自己升官发财的垫脚石，那么这样的官必定会被人民唾弃，文强就是例证。

第三，公务员只是实现人生价值的一种路径而已，公务员的宗旨就是为人民服务，我们要向沈浩同志学习，时刻把人民的利益放在心上，真正地给人民带来福祉，这样人民才会永远记住我们。

十三、古人云“疑人不用、用人不疑”你在使用下属干部时是否采用此观点？

对待这一问题我有如下看法：

第一，关于用人的原则我赞同“疑人不用”的做法，既是选人用人，就是要对所选之人有相当的了解，并且无论是在能力还是在品德上都要达到一定的标准。因为用人后就要授权，权利要掌握在自己信赖的属下手中，这样有助于工作的开展。如果，冒险用人，希望在在实际中检验其良莠，很可能会付出很高的成本。

第二，对于“用人不疑”，我个人认为要一分为二的看。一方面，“用人不疑”体现的是一种用人风格的大气。当年刘备起用诸葛亮，以全然的信赖和诚挚换来了诸葛亮的“鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已”。可以说是善用他人的典范，然而，这种“不疑”多少会有冒险的成分，要么是有十足的把握，要么是险中一博。这种风格并不十分适用于国家干部的选择，人民的利益不可以作为冒险的筹码。另一方面，在某些情况下用人要疑，人总是在不断的变化的，过于信赖而疏于监督，就为纵容、放任的埋下了隐患，对于下属的发展也是极为不利的。

第三，凡事有个度的把握，在疑与不疑之间要找到平衡点。具体问题具体分析永远是不变的真理。身为领导者，在用人、知人上一定要擦亮慧眼，将人民的利益摆在衡量一切工作的天平上。

十四、漫画：一边修路，一边拆；一个官员指着正在修的路，说“这是为人民服务”，另一为群众说：“这条路从我小时候就开始修，至今还没修好”。对于这幅漫画，你是怎么认识的？

各位考官，对于这幅漫画我有以下几点认识：

首先，这幅漫画反映了当前我国某些地方政府由于唯经济GDP是从的不正确的政绩观导致了大量的形象工程和面子工程，使得某些基础设施重复建设层出不穷，这样一种现象。

其次，形象工程、面子工程给我国经济社会发展带来了严重的影响，一方面，市政工程的重复建设既浪费了社会财富又制造了大量的建筑垃圾，使得原本脆弱的生态环境雪上加霜；另一方面，形象工程疏远了干群关系、党群关系，使得人民群众对政府的公信力大打折扣，这将影响我国经济的长远发展和社会的和谐稳定。

第三，我们必须多措并举、多管齐下，积极地纠正这种错误的政绩观，杜绝重复建设。具体来说，我认为，纠正错误的政绩观核心在于制度建设，我们要加紧建立健全容括经济、社会、文化、生态建设为一体的科学发展综合评价体系，杜绝唯经济GDP是从的错误的政绩观，同时严厉打击违反相关规定大搞形象工程的行为，追究相关领导人责任；树立正确的政绩观，重点在于领导干部，各级领导干部要加强科学发展观的学习，真正把人民群众的利益放在心上，做到“为官一任、造福一方；杜绝形象工程、面子工程，关键是发挥群众的监督作用，我们要创造条件让群众批评政府、监督政府，同时充分发挥新闻媒体的舆论监督作用，让权力在阳光下运行。

总之，只要我们全社会共同努力，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，一个民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会必将实现！

十五、某县一乡镇在洪水来袭时，发生了大桥坍塌事件，近70名群众落水。此时县领导派你火速赶往现场处理此事，你将怎么办？

方案11、全力做好失踪人员搜救工作，尽一切努力搜救失踪人员；

2、积极做好遇难者及失踪人员家属的善后工作；

3、把救灾当做当前的中心工作抓紧抓好，确保受灾群众生活稳定、思想稳定，确保社会大局安定；

4、迅速动员全县上下全面排查各类事故隐患，特别是尾矿库、水库、桥梁、河道、松动山体等容易发生

灾害的地方，进一步明确责任、强化措施，确保不再发生类似事故；

5、组织力量昼夜抢修，全力做好通信、交通、供水、供电等基础设施恢复工作，以最短时间恢复正常生

产生活秩序。

方案2：

第一，我会迅速组织集结抗洪救灾队伍，向他们说明当前面临的严峻形势，并在简短的动员之后带领大家奔赴抗洪救灾一线，同时我会把队伍分成抗洪抢险组、后勤保障组、群众转移组等，要求大家分头行动，确保救灾工作的有序进行。

第二，我会安排抗洪抢险组加强对区域内重点水利工程的巡察，对发现的险情尽快作出处理；后勤保障组要负责做好抢险物资的准备和运输，确保其他各组工作的有效进行；群众转移组要深入各群众聚居区，做好群众的安抚和动员工作，迅速把群众转移到安全区域，过程中尤其要注意优先转移老幼病残孕群众。

第三，在抗洪救灾过程中，要注意保持与各组的信息沟通，统筹协调，保证救灾工作的有序快速进行。第四要及时向领导汇报抗洪救灾工作的进展情况，请领导放心。

十六、生命如花，有的花香而不艳，有的花艳而不香，有的又艳又香但是有刺。对此你有什么感想？

第一，花香而不艳，则赏花之人不易发现；花艳而不香，则赏花之人不愿长驻足；又艳又香却有刺，美则美矣，却苦于无法接近。

第二，花就好比我们人，有的人内涵丰富，才能卓越，却苦于没有相应的表达技巧，往往郁郁终生而不得志；有的人巧舌如簧，口若悬河，但却无法以深厚的功底作为支撑，终究不能成大器；有的人两者兼备，但又不免恃才傲物，不易接近。

第三，对于个人来说，要成为一个符合当今社会要求的德才兼备的人才，我们有很多路要走，既要注重提高自己的个人专业技能，又不能偏废自身品德素养的磨练，只有这样，我们才能得到他人认同与帮助，终成大器。

第四，对社会来说，“人无完人”，一个完美的人才是可遇而不可求的，我们必须要爱才惜才更容才，充分挖掘其长处，对其短处则多些宽容与引导，使其最大限度地推动社会进步。

单位要提拔一个人，有二个人选。有一个能力很强，有一个协调关系能力好，单位提了协调能力强的这个人你是怎么看的？认为正常吗？

答案：

1、我认为这是正常的，俗话说:横看成岭侧成锋。每个人的看法和角度都不一样。领导有着丰富的工作经验。他考虑问题是很全面的是从大局出发的。因此他用人肯定有他自己的看法。我们应当服从领导、支持领导。

2、我们应该把重心放在做好自己的本分工作上。不参与议论是非。不利于团结的话不说、不利于团结的事不做，认真维护单位内部的团结氛围。

3、公务员考察的是德能勤绩廉。他对一个人的要求是很全面的。在一个部门，一个科室，和谐的有战斗力的工作集体的创造离不开同志的互相支持和领导高超的协调艺术。因此，作为一名公务员不仅要求有很高的工作能力和业务水平，还要有很强的组织协调能力。

4、作为一名公务员，我会在以后的工作岗位上，向两位同事学习，不断努力提高的业务水平和工作能力，注意自己协调关系能力的培养，及时和同事进行沟通，及时向领导汇报自己的工作，不断完善、充实自己，做一名领导放心、同事支持的公务员。

第五篇：1988年考研英语真题及解析

1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］, and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)

①In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World.②The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia.③Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims.④They were looking for a place where they could worship God

1.⑤Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its.⑥The brave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620.⑦It was the middle of the stern northern winter.⑧

months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them.⑨Only the strongest of the pilgrims

that winter.⑩Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves.○11Living

began to improve in the spring of 1621.1○2There were wild vegetables.○13There were berries and fruit.○14Fish and game were plentiful.1○5Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and fishing.1○6The colonists‟ health

with the warm weather and their better diet.1○7In the fall, they look back

the past year.○18They were both regretful and thankful.○19Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained.○20The price in human life and tragedy had been great.2○1On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future.○22A splendid harvest was

them.2○3They were ready for the second winter with confidence.2○4They had eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter.2○5Seven were for families, and four were for communal use.2○6 9 , they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.2○7The woods and forests became safe.○28When the Mayflower returned to England that summer, there were no colonists.○29At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday.○30It was their first Thanks giving Day.[328 words] 1.［A］ in their own style

［B］ in their own way ［C］ on their own

［D］ of their own 2.［A］ course

［B］ route

［C］ passage ［D］ channel 3.［A］ Uncomfortable ［B］ Bad

［C］ Unfavourable ［D］ Terrible 4.［A］ passed

［B］ sustained ［C］ survived ［D］ spent 5.［A］ situations

［B］ environments ［C］ conditions

［D］ circumstances 6.［A］ strengthened ［B］ regained ［C］ recovered ［D］ improved 7.［A］ in

［B］ of

［C］ over

［D］ at 8.［A］ on

［B］ behind

［C］ for

［D］ beyond 9.［A］ Best of all ［B］ For the best ［C］ To their best ［D］ All in all 10.［A］ ashore

［B］ around

［C］ about

［D］ aboard

试题精解

一、文章结构分析

本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了“五月花号”抵达美洲新大陆的情况及感恩节的来历。

第一段交代了文章的背景：一批殖民者到达北美新大陆。①至④句介绍了“五月花号”前往美洲的原因，⑤至⑩句介绍了“五月花号”上的朝圣者在途中以及登陆后遇到的困难，○11至1○6句介绍了他们生活条件得到好转的原因及表现。第二段通过对过去的回顾与对未来的展望，叙述了朝圣者怀有感恩的心态并与当地印第安人签署友好协定，为下文感恩节的形成做了铺垫。

第三段说明了感恩节产生的直接原因：朝圣者想庆祝他们定居新家的第一年。

二、试题具体分析

1.［A］ in their own style

［B］ in their own way以…特有的方式 ［C］ on their own单独，独立地

［D］ of their own自己的，本人的 本题考核的知识点是：句内语义+固定短语

［快速解题］空格处填入的短语作状语，修饰worship God，说明朝圣者前往新大陆的原因。in one‟s own way是固定搭配，意为“以…特有的方式”，代入文中意为“以他们特有的方式敬仰上帝”，符合上下文逻辑关系，为正确答案。on their own与of their own不符合文意，style虽然可以表示“方式、方法”，但该含义不用于in one‟s own…结构，应排除。

［篇章分析］①至④句是第一段的第一个层次，揭示了五月花号前往新大陆的原因。④句是一个复合句，主干为They were looking for a place，后接where引导的定语从句修饰place。［空格设置］in one‟s own way是固定短语，如：I expect she does love you in her own way.我想她的确是以她特有的方式爱你。

［干扰项设置］其他项利用常见的固定搭配设置干扰。例句：The accident happened through no fault of her own.这一事故的发生不是她本人的过错。He did it on his own.这件事他独立完成了。

2.［A］ course航向，航线

［B］ route路线，路途 ［C］ passage通道，航程

［D］ channel渠道，海峡 本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析

［快速解题］空格处填入的名词作lost的宾语，因此此题关键是判断那个选项可与lost搭配且符合文意。四个选项构成的动宾搭配分别表示“迷失航向”、“迷失路线”、“迷失航程”和“迷失海峡”，显然不存在后两种搭配，首先排除[C]和[D]。由于文中具体指出了是海上航行，因此排除常指“地面路线”的route，最佳答案为[A]course。［篇章分析］⑤至⑩句是第一段的第二个层次，分别介绍了朝圣者在航行中及登陆后遇到的困难。

［空格设置］course除了考生熟悉的表示“课程”的含义外，还可意为“（船或飞机的）航向，航线“，如：The plane was on/off course.飞机航向正确/偏离航向。

［干扰项设置］其他项利用其他表示“路径”的词对course形成近义干扰。例句：Which is the best route to take? 哪一条是最佳路线？This passage will take us to the other building.穿过这条通道，我们就可以到达另一座大楼。Complaints must be made through the proper channels.投诉必须通过正当途径进行。

3.［A］ Uncomfortable令人不舒适的 ［B］ Bad令人不快的，坏的

［C］ Unfavourable不利的，有害的 ［D］ Terrible可怕的，造成极大伤害的 本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+形容词辨析 ［快速解题］空格处填入的形容词做定语修饰months，意为“…的几个月”。months后面的of…介词结构也做定语后置修饰months，由of后面的一系列名词“starvation、disease、death”可知，这几个月的情况是极其严重的，因此，在四个选项中应选择表示恶劣程度最深的terrible。

［空格设置］terrible的词义和用法比较简单，本题需要考生理解上下文的具体内容做出选择。

［干扰项设置］其他项利用表示“不利的”的形容词设置干扰，考生需结合词语表达含义的程度与具体语境排除干扰。

4.［A］ passed通过，经过；消磨，度过

［B］ sustained维持（生命、生存）［C］ survived生存；幸存，挺过，艰难度过 ［D］ spent花（时间），度过 本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+动词辨析

［快速解题］空格所在部分意为“朝圣者中只有最为强壮的人…那个冬天”。pass常用于指无聊或等人时打发、消磨时间；spend强调以某种方式花时间，常接on sth或in doing sth来表示方式。sustain虽然含有“生存”的意思，但其后常接life或人作宾语，不符合文中用法。符合上下文意的只有survive，指“艰难挺过那个冬天”，与上一题中的terrible相呼应。［空格设置］本题借survive考查了考生对上下文的理解。例句：I can‟t survive on $40 a week.一星期40美元，我无法维持生活。

［干扰项设置］其他项是利用表示“度过”的动词对survive构成近义干扰，考生要在理解词义的基础上对单词的用法区别掌握。例句：We sang songs to pass the time.我们借唱歌消磨时间。Few planets can sustain life.能够维持生命存在的行星很少。How long did you spend on your homework? 你做家庭作业用了多长时间？ 5.［A］ situations情况，状况

［B］ environments环境 ［C］ conditions环境，条件

［D］ circumstances条件，状况 本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+名词辨析

［快速解题］空格所在部分living 5 意为“生活…”，四个选项都含有“环境，状况”的意思，但是侧重点各有不同。situation强调特定时期和特定地点形势、局面，environments特指影响个体或事物行为或发展的环境，conditions指居住、工作或做事情的环境或条件，circumstances尤其指经济状况。由living以及下文的vegetables、berries等词可知，这里指的是人们的生活条件得到改善，符合文意的为[C]conditions.［篇章分析］○11句至○16句是第一段的第三个层次，指出了朝圣者在新的定居点生活条件得到改善的原因及表现。

［空格设置］conditions本身词义比较简单，但要求考生根据上下文语境排除干扰，作出正确判断。例句：changing economic conditions不断变化的经济状况。

［干扰项设置］其他项利用表示“环境、状况”的名词对conditions形成近义干扰。这几个词虽然含义相近，但用法上各有不同，例句如：We have all been in similar embarrassing situations.我们都遇到过类似的尴尬局面。They have created an environment in which productivity should flourish.他们创造了一种可以大大提高生产力的环境。Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances.补助金根据经济状况发放。6.［A］strengthened加强，巩固

［B］regained 重新获得，恢复 ［C］recovered恢复健康，康复

［D］improved 改进，改善 本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析

［快速解题］空格所在部分的主语是the colonists‟ health，此题的关键是判断哪个动词能与health搭配，并且能与上下文衔接。strengthened指“增强能力或地位等”，不能与health搭配，首先排除。regained意为“恢复”时常做及物动词，不符合文中用法，但是可以说…regained health。recovered本身即意为“恢复健康”，不需要health作主语。符合上下文语义的只有improve，在文中意为“健康得到改善”。

［篇章分析］○16句的主干部分是The colonists‟ health improved，介词with的用法比较特殊，表原因，介宾短语with…解释了health improved的原因。

［空格设置］improve的含义比较简单，但用法很丰富，可以泛指各方面的“改善、提高”，如：His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation.手术后他的生活质量大大改善了。to improve efficiency/standards/conditions提高效率/标准；改善条件。

［干扰项设置］其他项利用考生熟悉的汉语表达法设置干扰。汉语里经常有“恢复健康、增强健康”的表达方式，考生要熟悉英汉两种语言表达方式的区别，排除干扰。例句：Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.最近几个星期以来，她在党内的地位有所增强。I struggled to regain some dignity.我努力恢复自己的一点儿尊严。He‟s still recovering from his operation.手术后，他仍在恢复之中。7.［A］ in

［B］ of

［C］ over

［D］ at 本题考核的知识点是：介词搭配

［快速解题］空格处填入的介词既要与look back搭配，又要能接the past year作宾语。不存在look back in与look back of的用法，首先排除[A]和[B]。look back over与look back at都可意为“回顾”，但look back at后面接具体的时间或事物，look back over后面接特定阶段，显然文中the past year强调的是一个时间段，符合要求的是look back over，代入文中意为“回顾过去的一年”。

［篇章分析］第二段分为两个层次：1○7至○20句是对过去的回顾，2○1至○26句是对未来的展望与准备。○21句句首on the other hand表明了这种今昔对比。

［空格设置］介词over的含义和用法都很丰富，在知识运用的文章中经常出现，考生要结合具体语境掌握该词用法。

［干扰项设置］其他项利用其他可与look搭配的常用介词设置干扰，需要正确理解上下文才排除干扰。8.［A］ on

［B］ behind

［C］ for

［D］ beyond 本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+介词辨析

［快速解题］空格所在部分A splendid harvest was 8 them，意为“一个大丰收…他们”。由○17句in the fall和○23句ready for the second winter可知，他们在秋天已经取得大丰收，并为第二年冬天做准备。behind意为used to say that sth is in sb‟s past，它代入文中，意为“他们身后是（秋天的）一个大丰收”，即“已经获得了丰收”。其他项与them搭配分别意为“由他们支付”、“为了他们”与“他们无法理解“，均不符合上下文语义，应排除。［篇章分析］2○1句是第二段第二个层次的总起句，指出了对未来的希望。2○2句至段末分别从食物、住所以及人际关系三方面举出了充满希望的原因。

［空格设置］本题通过behind考查了考生对文章内部时间逻辑的把握，及它本身不为考生所熟悉的含义。例句：She has ten years‟ useful experience behind her.她已有十年的经验，能派上用场。［干扰项设置］其他项都是利用常用介词设置的脱离上下文的无关干扰，联系上下文语义不难排除。

9.［A］ Best of all最好的是，尤其 ［B］ For the best出于好意 ［C］ To their best

［D］ All in all总的来说 本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系

［快速解题］空格处填入的短语放在句首，体现句子之间的逻辑关系，此题的关键是判断空格前后部分的逻辑关系。to their best短语不存在，首先排除。上文都是讲殖民者为来年做的物质准备，○26句重在强调人际关系方面的改善，体现这种强调关系的只有best of all。［篇章分析］2○6句虽然是一个简单句，但是句子结构比较复杂，主干为they had established a treaty of friendship，句首的best of all与with..，under…，in…三个介宾短语做状语。［空格设置］逻辑关系在知识运用中的考查比重越来越大，需要考生提高语篇结构的分析能力。例句如：Best of all, we don‟t have any homework.最好的是我们没有什么家庭作业了。［干扰项设置］其他项都是利用词形设置的形近干扰。例句：I did it for the best.我是出于好意这么做的。All in all it has been a great success.总的来说，那是个巨大的成功。10.［A］ ashore在岸上

［B］ around周围 ［C］ about到处

［D］ aboard在（船、车飞机）上 本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+副词辨析

［快速解题］空格所在部分意为“当‘五月花号’返回英格兰的时候，没有一名殖民者…”，显然，表示“在船上”的aboard符合文章语义的衔接，为正确选项。其他三项不符合上下文，应排除。

［篇章分析］2○7○28句承接上文，总结指出殖民者生活状况好转，他们在殖民地定居下来。○29句是过渡句，指出他们想要建立一个节日庆祝新的生活，由此引出○30句感恩节的来历。［空格设置］aboard的含义和用法都比较简单，但需要根据上下文进行推断。

［干扰项设置］其他项是利用aboard的形近词设置的干扰，由于都脱离了上下文，不难排除。

三、全文翻译

1620年，一艘被命名为“五月花号”的小帆船离开伦敦驶往新大陆。“五月花号”向位于弗吉尼亚州温暖海岸的詹姆斯顿殖民地行进。船上的一百名乘客都是朝圣者，他们正在寻找一个地方，在那里他们能以自己特有的方式敬仰上帝。由于狂风和凶猛的暴风雨，“五月花号”迷失了航向。1620年12月份，这一群勇敢的殖民者最终不得不在位于马萨诸塞州岩石嶙嶙海岸的普利茅斯登陆。当时正是北方严冬时期，他们将面对的是充满了饥饿、疾病和死亡的极其可怕的几个月。朝圣者中只有最为强壮的人活过了那个冬天。许多妇女把她们少得可怜的口粮留给了自己的孩子，自己却死于饥饿。生活条件在1621年的春天开始改善：有了野菜、浆果和水果以及充足的鱼和野禽。因此，尽管缺乏狩猎、捕鱼的技巧和经验，他们也能够获得足够的新鲜肉类。由于天气变暖和饮食的改善，殖民者们的健康状况得以好转。在秋天，他们回顾了过去的一年，既遗憾又感激。最初的一百名乘客只有五十人存活了下来，人类生命的代价和和悲剧是如此巨大。另一方面，他们看到了未来的新希望。在他们身后是（秋天的）一个大丰收，他们充满自信地为第二个冬天的到来做好了准备。他们有十一所用于抵御严冬的简陋房屋，其中的七所为家庭所有，四所作为公用。最重要的是，在马萨索特酋长的监管下，他们在夏天与其印第安邻居订立了友好协定。林地和森林变安全了。那年夏天，当“五月花号”返回英格兰的时候，船上没有一名殖民者。在他们定居新家的第一年年底，这些朝圣者想以一个真正的节日来庆祝，这便是他们的第一个感恩节。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are four answers.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)Text 1 ①It doesn‟t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can‟t remember it.②You just waste your valuable time.③Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.①One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading.②You remember better what you read when you know why you‟re reading.①Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you.I‟m just looking”? ②Both you and she know that if you aren‟t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it.③But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you.I want a pair of sun glasses.” ④She says, “Right this way, please.” ⑤And you and she are off--both eager to look for exactly what you want.①It‟s quite the same with your studying.②If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that--nothing.③But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it.④Your reasons will vary;they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”.⑤A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.①This is the way it works.②Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America.I‟m reading this article to find out.” ③Or, “I‟m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” ④Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.①Reading is not one single activity.②At least two important processes go on at the same time.③As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately.④But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read.⑤You have a kind of mental conversation with the author.⑥If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree.That‟s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier.I‟d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” ⑦You don‟t just sit there taking in ideas--you do something else, and that something else is very important.①This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes.②In other words, a good reader is a critical reader.③One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions.④Facts can be checked by evidence.⑤Opinions are one‟s own personal reactions.①Another part of critical reading is judging sources.②Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.一、词汇

1．make no difference没有...作用或影响

2．specific a.明确的 3．suppose v.假设,以为,认为

4．at random随便地，任意地 5．happen to(do sth)碰巧（做某事）

6．skim v.略读 7．react to对...做出反应

8．take in接受，理解

二、长难句

1.It doesn‟t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can‟t remember it.该句的主干为It doesn‟t come as a surprise to you，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to realize that …，that引导的从句做realize的宾语。宾语从句为主从复合句，句末为if引导的条件状语从句，主干为it makes no difference，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的what you read or study。

翻译：如果你不能记住你所读或者所学的东西，那你读什么或学什么就无关紧要了，这一点毫不出奇。

三、文章结构分析

这篇文章主要探讨阅读和学习中记忆的方法。文章段落分散，语言平实易懂，总体可以分为三个部分。

第一部分为第一段，提出现象：指出记忆对于阅读或学习的重要性，并且记忆需要聪明的方法。

第二部分为第二至五段，叙述帮助记忆的方法之一：有目的或有原因的阅读。以购物过程和阅读过程做类比说明，有目的或有原因的阅读可以帮助读者获得明确信息并进行良好记忆。第三部分为第六至八段，论述阅读的过程——理解内容和批判性地思考评估内容，而后者又包括区分事实与观点、评判信息来源和进行准确推理。

四、试题具体分析

11.If you cannot remember what yo

11.如果你不能记住所阅读或学习的内容，________。[A] 这毫不出奇

[B] 这意味着你没有真正学到任何东西 [C] 这意味着你没有选对阅读的书籍

[D] 你意识到这无所谓 [A] it is no surprise [B] it means you have not really learned anything [C] it means you have not chosen the right book [D] you realize it is of no importance 【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：具体细节题。

第一段指出如果你不能记住你所读或所学的内容的话，就是在浪费宝贵的时间，即你没有从中学到任何东西，[B]选项正确。

[A]和[D]选项偷换概念，第一段指出，如果不能记住所读或所学的内容，那么所读或所学内容无关紧要，这一点毫不出奇，而非“不能记住所读或所学内容”不出奇或无关紧要。[C]选项无干干扰，从文中无从推知。

12.Before you start reading, it i[A] to make sure why you are reading [B] to relate the information to your purpose [C] to remember what you read [D] to choose an interesting book

12.在你开始阅读之前，有必要________。

[A] 确定你阅读的原因 [B] 将信息与目的联系起来 [C] 记住你所读的内容 [D] 选择有趣的读物

【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：具体细节题。

第二段提出一种帮助记忆的可靠方法，即有目的或有原因的阅读，换句话说，就是在阅读前确定阅读的目的或原因。[A]选项正确。

[B]和[C]选项张冠李戴，它们是阅读和记忆过程中的步骤，而非阅读前的步骤。[D]选项无中生有。

13.Reading activity invo[A] only two simultaneous processes [B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically [C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions [D] mainly drawing accurate inferences

13.阅读行为包括________。[A] 仅仅两个同时发生的过程

[B] 主要是理解内容和批判性地评估内容

[C] 仅仅区分事实与观点 [D] 主要进行准确推理

【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：具体细节题。由题干关键词reading activity定位到文章第六段。第六段首句指出阅读并非一项独立的行为，它包括至少两个同时发生的重要过程。③④句列出这两个过程：迅速而准确地理解内容和以自己的思维表述对所读内容的反应。[B]选项是对这两个过程的同义改写，为正确项。[A]选项以偏概全，第六段首句指出阅读行为至少包括（at least）两个同时发生的过程，而非仅仅（only）这两个过程。[C]和[D]选项张冠李戴，“区分事实与观点”和“进行正确推理”是最后两段提到的“对所阅读的内容进行思考的附加过程”的部分内容，而非阅读行为的直接过程。一般而言，带有绝对意味的限定性词语的选项（如only和merely）都不是正确项。

14.A good reader is one 14.一位好读者是________。[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about [A] 将其所读的内容与其了解的主题相关知识联系the subject matter 起来

[B] does lots of thinking in his reading [B] 在阅读过程中进行大量思考 [C] takes a critical attitude in his reading [C] 对阅读采取批判性的态度 [D] is able to check the facts presented against what he [D] 能够将所读到的事实与已知事实核对

has already known 【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：具体细节题。

由题干关键词“a good reader”定位到第七段。②句明确指出，一位好读者就是一位批判性的读者。[C]选项是这句话的同义改写，为正确项。

[A]、[B]和[D]选项以偏概全，第七、八段论述批判性阅读，指出思考阅读内容的过程包括评估内容、将所读内容与已知内容进行联系、根据自己的目的进行应用；而批判性阅读则包括区分事实与观点、评判内容来源、进行准确推理。[A]选项是思考过程中的一点；[B]选项仅提及阅读中思考这一要素，而忽略批判性阅读的其他要素；[D]选项也只提到批判性阅读中的两点，因此其他三项都不完整。

五、全文翻译

如果你不能记住你所读或者所学的东西，那你读什么或学什么就无关紧要了，这一点毫不出奇。这样不过是浪费宝贵时间罢了。不过，或许你早已发现一些聪明的方法来避免遗忘。一种帮助你记住所学内容的可靠方法就是有目的或有原因的阅读。如果你清楚你为何而阅读，那么你对所阅读的内容就会记得更牢靠些。当你拒绝商店售货员的帮助（“不，谢谢，我只是看看”）时，为什么售货员就转身走开了呢？这是因为你和她都知道，如果你不确定自己要什么，你也不大可能会有所收获。然而，假设你的回答是“是的，谢谢，我想买一副太阳镜。”她会回答，“好的，请这边走。”然后你和她就向“目的地”走去——都迫切地去寻找你想要的东西。这与你的学习过程非常相似。如果你随机选择了一本书，“只是看看”而不是寻找具体东西，那么你所得到的很可能是——一无所获。但是，如果你知道你想要什么，而你手头又有正确的书，那么你几乎肯定会获得你所想要的东西。你的缘由可能大不相同：阅读或学习是为了“找出更多信息”、“为了理解原因”和“为了找出方法”。一个好学生对于他所做的事情总有一个明确的目的或原因。

这就是奏效的方法。在开始学习之前，你这样告诉自己，“我想知道斯蒂芬·文森特·贝尼特为什么这样描写美国。我读这篇文章就是要找出原因。”或者“我要通读这篇文章，看看中世纪英格兰的生活到底是什么样子的。”由于你知道阅读或学习的原因，你就可以将这些信息与你的目的紧密联系，并更好地记住它。

阅读并不是一项独立的行为，期间至少两个重要过程同时发生。在阅读时，你能够迅速而又准确地理解内容，同时在对所读内容予以反应时也在表述自己的思想。你与作者进行一种精神对话。如果你口头表述你的想法的话，它们很可能是“是的，我同意，我的想法也是这样。”或是“嗯……，我以为这项纪录早就被打破了。我最好还是再查查日期。”或是“但是还要考虑一些其他的事实！”你并不只是坐在那里理解内容——你还在做其他的事情，而这些事情往往非常重要。

对所阅读的内容进行思考的附加过程包括评估这些内容、将其与已知信息相联系，并根据自身目的来进行应用。换句话说，一位好读者也是一位批判性的读者。正如你所发现的，批判性阅读的一部分就是区分事实与观点。事实可以通过证据来确认，而观点只是个人反应。批判性阅读的还包括评判来源和进行准确推理。Text 2 ①If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior.②Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes.③One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand.④Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.⑤In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.①Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency composition of the noise.②Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working(or sitting)in music halls where rock bands are playing.③In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels(a measure of the loudness of sound)can be considered dangerous.④Decibel values correspond to various sounds.⑤Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.⑥Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).①Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise.②If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.③The problem is noise.一、词汇

1．extent n.范围，程度

2．at hand在手边

3．stimulin（stimulus的复数形式）刺激 4．exposure n.(to sth)暴露（在…下）5．intensity n.强度，强烈

6．duration n.持续 7．frequency n.频繁,频率

8．hazard n.危险,危害 9．decibel n.分贝

10．measure n.量度 11．correspond to相应于，符合于

12．intermittent a.间歇的，断断续续的 13．vigilance n.警戒

14．detect v.检测，发现 15．rear n.后面,背后

二、长难句

1.Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.该句的主干是Thus stimuli will be considered noise，主语stimuli后接有that引导的定语从句做后置定语；谓语部分有介词短语at another time做时间状语。句末分词depending on …做条件状语。

翻译：因此，根据人们手头的工作，某些时候的刺激在另外一些时候就是噪音。

2.Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.该句的主干是Sounds may produce significant hearing loss，介词短语above about 85 decibels做后置定语，修饰主语名词sounds。插入语部分为if条件句，做条件状语，修饰谓语动词。翻译：如果呆在超过85分贝噪音环境中的时间足够长，将会造成严重的听力丧失。

3.Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.该句的主干为Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies … and whether …，其中depend upon后接有and连接的并列名词结构做介词宾语。第一个名词frequencies后接有to which引导的定语从句做后置定语；第二个为whether引导的宾语从句。

翻译：实际的听力丧失程度要看噪音的具体频率和噪音是持续性的还是间歇性的。

4.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).该句为主从复合句。主句为Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks，have effects on sth意为“对……有影响”。if引导条件从句，其主干为one is performing a watch keeping task，that引导的定语从句修饰a watch keeping task。该定语从句的主干为that(a watch keeping task)requires vigilance，in which引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰名词vigilance。

翻译：在某些任务的工作过程中，噪声会造成意想不到的危害。例如，一个人正执行一件需要高度警惕的观察工作，负责检测某种弱信号（如，观察雷达屏幕上飞行器的出现）。5.If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.该句为主从复合句。句首为if引导的条件状语从句，句子主干为you may have noticed that …and that …，其宾语由and连接的两个that引导的宾语从句构成。

翻译：如果你坐在喷气式飞机的后部，首先你会注意到进行谈话是多么困难，最终，你不得不提高音量来抵消噪音的影响。

三、文章结构分析

这篇文章主要探讨噪音对人类及其行为的有害影响。文章主题明确，层次清晰，总体结构为总分结构，可以分为两个部分。第一部分为总（第一段）：提出噪音现象，给出噪音定义，并指出人们开始关注噪音对人类行为的影响。

第二部分为分（第二、三和四段）：论述噪音对人类及其行为的有害影响。第二段指出噪音会造成人类听力的部分或完全丧失。第三段指出噪音会对某些工作执行造成意想不到的危害。第四段指出噪音会对人际交流造成不良影响。

四、试题具体分析

15.Noise differs from sound15．噪音与声音的不同之处在于噪音是________。[A] it is sounds that interfere with the task being done [A] 干扰人们工作的声音

[B] it is a special type of loud sound [B] 一种特别类型的大音量的声音 [C] it is usually unavoidable in big cities [C] 在大城市中通常难以避免 [D] it can be defined more precisely than the latter [D] 其定义可以比声音的定义更加准确

【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：具体细节题。

众所周知，噪音是声音的一种。文章首段给出了噪音的两种定义，一种是人们的通俗定义，噪音是人们不想听到的声音；另一种是较为准确的科学定义，噪音是与当前任务无关的声音，即干扰人们工作的声音。[A]选项是第二种定义的同义改写，为正确项。

[B]选项以偏概全，音量大是噪音的特点之一，但并非噪音的唯一特点。[C]和[D]选项利用文中出现词语large city、define和precisely捏造无关干扰。

16.One of the harmful effects of noise on hu16.噪音对人类工作的有害影响之一是________。[A] it reduces one‟s sensitivity [A] 降低人们的敏感性 [B] it renders the victim helpless [B] 使受害者感到无助 [C] it deprives one of the enjoyment of music [C] 剥夺人们享受音乐的快乐 [D] it drowns out conversations at worksites [D] 淹没人们在工作地点的对话

【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：具体细节题。

第二、三和四段论述噪音对人类的有害影响。第三段指出噪音会干扰某些任务的执行，该段以一项需要高度警惕的观察工作（如监测雷达屏幕上飞行器的出现）为例暗示噪音会分散观察者的注意力，即降低人们的敏感性，[A]选项正确。

[B]和[C]选项从文中无从推知。[D]选项利用第四段“噪音对人际交流产生不良影响”进行干扰，但文中指出人们会根据噪音音量来提高自己说话的音量，而不是对话完全被噪音淹没。

17.The purpose of this pas[A] to define the effects of noise on human behavior [B] to warn people of the danger of noise pollution [C] to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss [D] to tell the difference between noise and sound

17.这篇文章的目的是________。[A] 确定噪音对人类行为的影响 [B] 警告人们噪音污染的危险 [C] 提供如何避免听力丧失的建议 [D] 叙述噪音与声音之间的差异

【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：文章主旨题。

这篇文章采取总分结构探讨噪音对人类及其行为的影响。第一段为总，提出噪音现象以及人们对噪音对人类行为的影响的关注。第二、三和四段为分，论述噪音对人类行为的具体影响，包括造成人类听力部分或完全丧失、影响工作任务的执行、阻碍人际交流。[A]选项是文章内容的总体概括，为正确项。

[B]和[D]选项以偏概全，[B]仅能概括文章第二段部分内容，即噪音会造成听力丧失（噪音污染的危险之一）；[D]仅提及第一段噪音定义的部分内容，两者都不能完全概括全篇内容。[C]选项无中生有，文章第二段提及噪音会造成听力丧失，但作者并未就此提出任何建议。

五、全文翻译

如果你居住在一个大城市，对噪音问题就再熟悉不过了，然而，因为关注它的一些有害影响，你可能没有意识到它对人们行为举止的影响程度。虽然每个人都或多或少知道噪音是什么（即人们不想听到的声音），但是最好是从科学目的角度来为其更准确地下定义。其中的一种定义是：噪音是与当前任务无关的声音。因此，根据人们手头的工作，某些时候的刺激在另外一些时候就是噪音。最近几年，人们对噪音对人类行为的影响产生极大兴趣，诸如“噪音污染”的概念也随之出现，同时出现的还有减少噪音的种种行动。置身于嘈杂环境无疑能造成听力的部分或完全丧失，这要看噪声的强度、持续时间和频率构成。目前许多工作都存在噪音危害，如工作在工厂中或喷气机的周围、驾驶农场拖拉机、在演奏摇滚乐的音乐厅中工作（或仅仅身处其中）。一般来说，持续呆在超过80分贝（判断声音大小的度量）的噪音环境中被认为是危险的。分贝的大小和各种声音的大小一致。如果呆在超过85分贝噪音环境中的时间足够长，将会造成严重的听力丧失。实际的听力丧失程度要看噪音的具体频率和噪音是持续性的还是间歇性的。

在某些任务的工作过程中，噪声会造成意想不到的危害。例如，一个人正执行一件需要高度警惕的观察工作，负责检测某种弱信号（如，观察雷达屏幕上飞行器的出现）。噪音对人际交流也会产生不良影响。如果你坐在喷气式飞机的后部，首先你会注意到进行谈话是多么困难，最终，你不得不提高音量来抵消噪音的影响。噪音就是问题的根源。

Text 3 ①The traditional belief that a woman‟s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.②It is said that it is a woman‟s task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children.③Thus a woman‟s whole period of childbearing may occur within five years.④Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases.⑤Thus, even if we agree that a woman should stay at home to look after her children before they are of school age, for many women, this period would extend only for about ten years.①It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home.②That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing.③Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.④Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins.⑤Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week.⑥The new man-made fibers are more hardwiring than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.①Apart from women‟s own happiness, the needs of the community must be considered.②Modern society cannot do well without the contribution that women can make in professions and other kinds of work.③There is a serious shortage of nurses and teachers, to mention only two of the occupations followed by women.④It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession.⑤The training, it is true, will help her in duties as a mother, but if she continued to work, her service would be more widely useful.⑥Many factories and shops, too, are largely staffed by women, many of them married.⑦While here the question of training is not so important, industry and trade would be seriously short of staff if married women did not work.一、词汇

1．maintain v.维持,保养

2．compulsory a.义务的 3．cease v.停止

4．drudgery n.苦差事,苦工 5．laundry n.要洗的衣服，洗衣

6．fiber n.纤维

二、长难句

1.The traditional belief that a woman‟s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.该句主干为The traditional belief …can hardly be reasonably maintained，主语名词belief后接有两个that连接的从句做同位语。

翻译：传统观念认为女性属于家庭而非外出工作，但这一观念已经不再适用于当今情况。2.Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.该句主干为Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry，“名词the latest models +分词being entirely automatic and able to”构成的独立主格结构做结果状语。翻译：洗衣机承担了洗衣这一苦差事，最新型的全自动洗衣机可以在几分钟之内清洗并甩干大量衣物。

3.It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession.该句主干为It is extremely wasteful to，it为形式主语，不定式结构为真正的主语。不定式结构中又有不定式结构only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry and be lost forever…做结果状语。

翻译：社会花费大量时间与财力培养合格教师或护士，而她们工作一两年之后便结婚，从此便不再工作，这是多大的浪费啊！

三、文章结构分析

这篇文章探讨女性位置的归属。作者从传统观念切入，从女性照顾和教育孩子的职责、承担家庭事务和参与社会工作三个角度进行分析，指出女性除了照顾家庭之外还应该在社会上工作，即女性不单属于家庭，也属于社会。

第一段开门见山，提出主题：女性的归属。传统观念认为女性属于家庭，天职是照顾孩子。随后作者从职责角度分析女性归属不再仅限于家庭，原因在于：一是家庭规模变小，二是女性生育期限减小，三是女性教育孩子时间缩短。

第二段从家庭角度进行分析：现代家庭设备（家用电器、冷冻食品、人造纤维、成装等）的发展大大减轻女性在家庭中的负担与劳动量。第三段从社会角度进行分析：现代社会的良好运行需要女性的贡献。以护士与教师两大职业以及工业和贸易中女性的重要性为例指出女性对社会发展不可或缺。

四、试题具体分析

18.The author holds that ________.18．作者认为________。[A] the right place for all women, married or otherwise, is [A] 不论已婚与否，所有女性的正确位置都属于the home, not elsewhere 家庭而非其他地方 [B] all married women should have some occupation outside the home [C] a married woman should give first priority to her duties as a mother [D] it is desirable for uneducated married women to stay at home and take care of the family

[B] 所有已婚女性都应该在家庭之外有一份职

业

[C] 已婚女性应当以母亲的责任为重 [D] 没有接受教育的已婚女性应当留在家中照

顾家庭

【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：作者观点题。

文章第一段首句指出传统观念认为女性属于家庭而不应外出工作，但这一观念已经不再适用于当今社会。随后作者从女性照顾和教育孩子的职责、承担家庭事务和参与社会工作三个角度展开分析论述，说明女性的归属不再仅限于家庭，她们应当外出工作，为社会做出自己的贡献，而社会也需要她们的贡献。[B]选项正确。

[A]、[C]和[D]选项反向干扰，这三者都是传统观念，而不是作者的观点。

19.A house-proud woman ________.[A] would devote her whole life to her family [B] would take her own happiness and that of her family as her chief concern [C] would still need some special training at public expense to help her in her duties as a housewife [D] would take full advantage of modern household appliances

19．以家庭为重的女性________。[A] 把她的整个生活都奉献给家庭 [B] 把自己与其家庭的幸福放在首位 [C] 还需要社会支付费用来接受特殊培训以实

现其作为家庭主妇的责任 [D] 应当充分利用现代家庭设备 【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：具体细节题。

由题干关键词“house-proud woman”定位到文章第二段。第二段①句指出有些人认为以家庭为重的女性在家中总有很多事情可做。但接下来作者指出，现代家庭设备（洗衣机、电冰箱、罐装的冷冻食品、简便购物、人造纤维和成装）的发展大大减轻了女性在家庭中的劳动量，而女性应该充分利用这些条件，[D]选项正确。

[A]选项常识干扰，这属于传统观念，并非文章中作者所论述的观点。[B]和[C]选项利用文中出现词语women’s own happiness、training at public expense和help her in duties as a mother进行干扰，[B]选项从文中无从推知，[C]选项是作者反对的观念，作者认为女性应当利用自己所接受的培训为社会做出贡献，而非仅为实现家庭角色。

20.According to the author, modern society ________.[A] can operate just as well even without women participation [B] has been greatly hampered in its development by the shortage of women nurses and women teachers [C] cannot operate properly without the contribution of women [D] will be seriously affected by the continuing shortage of working women in heavy industries and international trade

20．作者认为现代社会________。[A] 即使没有女性参与其中也能很好地运行 [B] 由于缺乏女性护士与教师而大大阻碍了

其发展

[C] 没有女性的贡献而无法良好运行 [D] 将继续受到重工业与国际贸易中女性工

作人员短缺的严重影响

【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：作者观点题。第三段②句明确指出，如果没有女性在各个职业领域所做出的贡献，现代社会将无法良好运行，[C]选项正确。

[A]选项反向干扰。[B]选项以偏概全，第三段仅是利用护士与教师两大职业中女性的重要性说明女性对于社会发展不可或缺。[D]选项过度引申，首先文中提到的是工业与贸易两大领域，并未具体到重工业与国际贸易；其次最后一段末句所提出的是一种假设的现象，而并非事实。

五、全文翻译

传统观念认为女性属于家庭而非外出工作，但这一观念已经不再适用于当今情况。人们认为照顾孩子是女性的天职，但是如今的家庭规模变小，孩子之间的年龄仅相差一两岁，这样女性生育孩子的整个期限也不过五年。此外，由于孩子在五六岁时开始接受义务教育，女性作为其子女主要教育者的角色也随之终止。因此，即使我们都赞同女性在孩子入学之前应当留在家中照顾他们，这段时间最长也不过十年。

有人可以辩解说，以家庭为重的女性在家庭中总有很多事情要做。这或许是事实，但是很显然，女性没必要花一辈子时间来做饭、打扫和缝缝补补。洗衣机承担了洗衣这一苦差事，最新型的全自动洗衣机可以在几分钟之内清洗并甩干大量衣物。电冰箱可以长时间存储食物，并且现在很多冷冻食物都是罐装，方便获取。购物已经不是每日必做的事情，你可以在一天之内完成一周的采购。新型的人造纤维比自然纤维更耐穿，这大大减少了缝缝补补的需要，而成装既价格便宜又货源充足。除了女性本身的幸福之外，社会的需要也必须纳入考虑之中。如果没有女性在职业领域和其他各种工作中的贡献，现代社会无法良好运行。护士与教师领域人才短缺，而这只是两种女性主导的职业。社会花费大量时间与财力培养合格教师或护士，而她们工作一两年之后便结婚，从此便不再工作，这是多大的浪费啊！确实，这种培训会帮助她们做一个更好的妈妈，但是如果她们继续工作，她们的服务将为社会带来更多的利益。很多工厂与商店的工作人员也是女性，大多数都是已婚者。尽管培训在这种情况下不是主要问题，但是如果已婚女性不再工作的话，工业和贸易就会遭遇人员短缺的窘境。

Section III English-Chinese Translation

Translate the following passage into Chinese.Only the underlined sentences are to be translated.(20 points)

Seated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient.Stylishly dressed, the firm‟s newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease.The company was pleased:(21)Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance.David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique.(22)Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women.The number of men in women-dominated fields is still small and they haven‟t attracted the attention that has often followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that have traditionally been held by women.Strictly speaking, the phenomenon is not new.For the past several decades, men have been quietly entering fields such as nursing, social work and elementary education.But today no job seems off-limits.Men serve coffee in offices and meals on airplanes.(23)These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions about the types of work men and women can do--but they also produce some undeniable problems for the men who are entering those fields formerly dominated by women.What kinds of men venture into these so-called “women‟s fields”? All kinds.(24)“I don‟t know of any definite answers I‟d be comfortable with,” explains Joseph Pleck, Ph.D., of the Wellesley College Centre for Research on Women.Sam Ormont, for example, a thirty-year-old nurse at a Boston hospital, went into nursing because the army had trained him as a medical worker.(25)“I found that work very interesting.” he recalled, “and when I got out of the service it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical.I wasn‟t really interested in becoming a doctor.” Thirty-five-year-old David King, an out-of-work actor, found a job as a receptionist because he was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and he needed to pay the rent.(26)In other words, men enter “female” jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work.But similarities often end there.Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous.As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people with whom they are in professional contact.The question naturally arises: Why are there still approximately ninety-nine female secretaries for every one male? There is also a more serious issue.Most men don‟t want to be receptionists, nurses, secretaries or sewing workers.Put simply, these are not generally considered very masculine jobs.(27)To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule.“There was kidding in the beginning,” recalls Ormont.“Kids coming from school ask what I am, and when I say „A nurse,‟ they laugh at me.I just smile and say, „You know, there are female doctors, too.‟”

Still, there are encouraging signs.Years ago, male grade school teachers were as rare as male nurses.Today more than one elementary school teacher in six is male.(28)Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and women — or when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise eyebrows? It‟s probably coming--but not very soon.一、试题结构分析

本文第一至三段指出男性正在从事越来越多传统上由女性承担的工作，而且这些变化影响着长期存在的有关男性和女性工作的传统观念。第四至六段分析指出男性从事女性工作的动机和其他找工作的动机一样：出于个人的兴趣或经济上需要的考虑。第七、八段指出问题仍然存在：从事传统女性工作的男性仍然很少，而且会惹人笑话。第九段以小学教师和男护士人数增加为例说明仍然有令人鼓舞的迹象，并展望未来从事传统女性职业的男性会和女性一样多。

二、试题具体解析

21.本题考核的知识点是：定语从句。【句子结构】该句的主干为this was a person，who引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰person。副词clearly为插入语，用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度。【词义确定】take pride in意为“以...为豪”。considerable意为“相当的,可观的”。【翻译】显然，他是个对自己的仪表感到相当自豪的人。22.本题考核的知识点是：方式状语从句。

【句子结构】该句为主从复合句，句首为Just as引导的方式状语从句。【词义确定】necessarily意为“必然，必定”。automatically意为“自动地”。【翻译】正像卡车司机和建筑工人再没必要都是男的一样，所有秘书和接待员再也不一定都是女的。

23.本题考核的知识点是：并列分句，定语从句。

【句子结构】 该句由but连接的两个并列分句构成。前一分句的主干为These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions，名词短语the types of work后接有省略关系代词的定语从句(that)men and women can do。后一分句的主干为they also produce some undeniable problems for the men，who引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰名词men。【词义确定】long-standing意为“长期存在的”。undeniable意为“不可否认的”。【翻译】这些变化正影响着长期存在的传统观念中关于男女各可以干哪几类工作的看法，但这对于进入原先以妇女为主的那些的男人来说，无疑也带来一些问题。24.本题考核的知识点是：定语从句。

【句子结构】该句的主干为I don‟t know of any definite answers，名词answers后接有省略关系代词的定语从句(that)I‟d be comfortable with。【词义确定】know of意为“知道，听说”。

【翻译】我还没听说过有任何使我感到满意的确切答案。25.本题考核的知识点是：宾语从句，时间状语从句。

【句子结构】该句是主从复合句，宾语从句由直接引语构成。该从句是and连接的两个并列分句：I found that work very interesting and it just seemed natural for me to …。第二个分句中含有when引导的时间状语从句。

【词义确定】out of the service意为“退职（役）”。go into意为“从事”。

【翻译】他回忆说：“我觉得那种工作十分有趣，当我退役时，对我来说，去干某种医务工作，似乎是极其自然的。

26.本题考核的知识点是：介词短语表原因，定语从句

【句子结构】该句主干为men enter “female” jobs，介词短语out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity …做状语，表示“出于……的原因”。that引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰名词短语personal interest and economic necessity。【词义确定】necessity意为“需要，必需品，必然”。motivate意为“激发，给予动机”。【翻译】换句话说，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其动机是同任何找工作干的人一样，既出于个人的兴趣，也出于经济上需要的考虑。27.本题考核的知识点是：并列分句。

【句子结构】该句的主语和表语都是不定式构成。【词义确定】line of work意为“职业”。invite意为“招致（尤指坏事）”。ridicule意为“嘲笑，愚弄”。

【翻译】选定这一类工作是会惹人笑话的。28.本题考核的知识点是：并列分句。【句子结构】该句的主干为Can we anticipate a day，两个when引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰名词a day，具体说明什么样的一天。【词义确定】mix意为“混合”。raise eyebrows意为“扬起眉毛；怀疑、吃惊的表情”。【翻译】我们是否能预见到这么一天：那时当秘书的男女各占一半或有人提到某个男人当护士时，人们不会再感到吃惊？

三、全文翻译

坐在一家纽约公司前台后面的接待员非常有效率。

这家公司穿着入时的新职员接电话时有着悦耳的声音和自然的魅力，这使客户感到自在。公司非常满意：（21）显然，他是个对自己的仪表感到相当自豪的人。接待员大卫·金不同寻常，但绝非独特。（22）正像卡车司机和建筑工人再没必要都是男的一样，所有秘书和接待员再也不一定都是女的。在以女性为主导的领域男性的数量仍然很少，他们也没有像进入以男性为主的领域的女性那样常常得到关注。但是男性正在从事越来越多传统上由女性承担的工作。

严格来讲，这不是新现象。过去几十年中，男性已经悄悄地进入护理、社会工作和基础教育等领域。但是，如今没有什么工作似乎是超出范围的。男性也在办公室准备咖啡、在飞机上准备食物。（23）这些变化正影响着长期存在的传统观念中关于男女各可以干哪几类工作的看法，但这对于进入原先以妇女为主的那些的男人来说，无疑也带来一些问题。什么样的男性冒险进入这些所谓的“女性领域”呢？各种各样的男性。（24）“我还没听说过有任何使我感到满意的确切答案”，威尔斯利大学女性研究中心的约瑟芬·普莱克博士解释说。

比如，在一家波士顿医院工作的30岁护士萨姆·沃蒙特从事护理工作，因为军队曾训练他成为医务工作者。（25）他回忆说：“我觉得那种工作十分有趣，当我退役时，对我来说，去干某种医务工作，似乎是极其自然的。我对于成为医生并不真的感兴趣。”三十五岁的大卫·金是一位失业的演员，他找了一份接待员的工作，因为他很难在百老汇得到合适的角色，却需要支付房租。

（26）换句话说，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其动机是同任何找工作干的人一样，既出于个人的兴趣，也出于经济上需要的考虑。但是相似性也仅此而已。承担女性主导的工作的男性是很明显的。他们这个群体的工作历史在大部分方面与其女性同事不同。他们经常从那些在职业上有接触的人那里得到不同的待遇。问题自然产生了：为什么仍然有99个女秘书，而只有1个男秘书？还有一个更严重的问题。大部分男性不想成为接待员、护士、秘书或缝纫工。简单的说，这些工作通常不被认为是男性化的工作。（27）选定这一类工作是会惹人笑话的。

沃蒙特回忆说：“最初只是开玩笑。从学校来的孩子们问我是谁，当我说“是护士”，他们都嘲笑我。我只是笑着说“知道吗，也有女医生”。但是仍然令人鼓舞的迹象。多年前，小学教师和男护士一样稀有。如今，六个小学老师中至少有一个是男性。（28）我们是否能预见到这么一天：那时当秘书的男女各占一半或有人提到某个男人当护士时，人们不会再感到吃惊?