第一篇：虚拟语气练习题及答案
虚拟语气练习题
用所给动词的适当形式填空： Part A.1.If people ______(drive)more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make)so many mistakes.3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____(tie)it up.4.If I had known you already _____(have)a typewriter, I _____(not, buy)one for your birthday.5.If he _____(be)here this afternoon I would go with him.6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone).7.But for your help, we ______(not be)able to finish the work in time.8.If it _____(not, be)for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much.9.I wish I _____(study)hard while I was young.10.It is about time that fence ______(mend).11.My request is that we ______(hold)another session to discuss the problem.12.It is strange that the car _____(break)down at exactly the same place where it _____(break)down yesterday.13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand)what his mother _____(say).14.He talked as if he _____(do)all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do)most of it.15.If only we _____(have)a phone!I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box.16.-----“Can we come in late tomorrow?”-----“I’d rather you _____(come)in on time.” 17.He looks as if he _____(be)ill for a long time.18.He always talks as though he ______(address)a public meeting.19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand.20.I _____(stay)home if it rains this evening.Part B.1.She would call you immediately if she _____(need)help.2.If I had seen the movie, I _____(tell)you all about it now.3.If he _____(decide)earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight.4._______ I _____(take)my umbrella with me when I _____(come)out this morning, I _____(not be)so wet now.5.If you had listened to me, you _____(not be)in such trouble now.6.I wish they _____(stop)making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work.7.It is inconceivable that he _____(not see)me that day for I ______(wave)to her.8.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut)down.9.Mr.Jones would rather _____(stay)home last night.10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work)in the same department as he does.11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be)a fluid.12.We _____(invite)her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, come)back from abroad.13.Today’s industrial production ______(be)impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics.14.I hate driving.I’d much rather you _____(drive).15.The guests ______(arrive)last night, but there is still no news about them.16.Mother_____(feel)anxious if I came home late.17.Even if I ______(be)with you then, I ______(can, not, do)much for you.1 18.A less conscientious man ______(not, try)so hard to get this job done.19.Do you wish that you ______(have)a sister like her? 20.Isn’t it surprising that he ______(have)two car accidents during the past week?
选择题：
1.If I _______ you, I’d join the army.A.am
B.was
C.were
D.would be 2.“If the sun ______ tomorrow, what would we do?”
A.will not rise
B.would not rise
C.did not rise
D.does not rise 3.If you ______ to see Mary, what would you tell her?
A.are
B.will be going
C.must
D.were 4.I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______ your brother.A.could see
B.had seen
C.will see
D.will have seen 5.If you had wanted to buy a record, what ________? A.would you buy
B.had you bought C.would you have bought
D.would you be buying 6.If the tablets had dissolved, John ______.A.would probably die
B.had probably died C.probably would be died
D.would probably have died 7.________ if you had lost your watch? A.Hadn’t you been upset
B.Wouldn’t you be upset C.Weren’t you upset
D.Wouldn’t you have upset 8.-----“I was so sorry to hear about Jack.”
-----“If he had made more friends here, he might ________.”
A.have stayed
B.have stay
C.stayed
D.stay 9.If I had a bike, I ______ it to you yesterday.A.would have lent
B.would lend C.would have lend
D.could lend 10.____________, John would not have failed.A.If he has listened to me
B.Had he listened to me
C.If he listened to me
D.As he listened to me 11.Had Alice been more hardworking, she ________.A.had not failed
B.would not have failed
C.would not fail
D.could not be failed 12.-----“Steve made a reservation already.”
-----“______ he change his mind, he can cancel it.”
A.Should
B.Would
C.If
D.So 13.I wished it _______ but it did.A.occurred not
B.did not accur C.had not occurred
D.would not occur 14.I _______ Professor Jones had taught me this equation.A.believe
B.deeply think
C.wish
D.suppose 15.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _____ around the earth.2
A.circles
B.is circling
C.be circling
D.were circling 16.The computer “teacher” was talking with his students as though it ______ a human teacher.A.was
B.were
C.had been
D.be 17.Jane appears as though she _______ the secret.A.knows
B.knew
C.has known
D.had known 18.If only she _______ of Aunt Ruth!
A.was not terribly so frightened
B.were not terribly so frightened
C.be not so terribly frightened
D.were not so terribly frightened 19.-----“I think that the Smiths were embarrassed by Jane’s generosity.”
-----“She insisted ______ it as a gift.”
A.no them to accept
B.their accepting
C.that they accept
D.that they accepted 20.The chairman requested that __________.A.the members studied the problem more carefully
B.the problem were more carefully studied
C.the problem could be studied with more care
D.the members study the problem more carefully 21.-----“Did Kathy have any ideas for Jim?”
-----“She suggested that he ______ a card with all of our names on it.”
A.send
B.sends
C.to send
D.sending 22.The idea is that we _______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.A.will send
B.had sent
C.send
D.be sent 23.It is necessary that this machine-tool _______ every day.A.be oiled
B.oil
C.is to be oiled
D.oiled 24.-----“That’s a beautiful coat in the window.”
-----“It certainly is.If I had the money ______ buy it.”
A.I’d
B.I’ll
C.I may
D.I shall 25.-----“Why didn’t you help him?”
-----“I would have ______ I didn’t have the money.”
A.if
B.and
C.but
D.otherwise 26.Jill would rather we _______ now, but we must go to work.A.not leave
B.had not left
C.didn’t leave
D.not to be left 27.I’d just as soon ________ those important papers with you.A.that you won’t take
B.your not taking
C.please don’t you take
D.you didn’t take 28.The housemaster was very strict.He asked that we ______ television on week nights.A.not watch
B.not be watching
C.must not watch
D.should not have watched 29.I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ________.A.him calling me
B.that he would call me
C.him to call me
D.that he call me 3 30.__________ at the price list, he’d have known what to expect.A.Had Mr.Robinson looked
B.If Mr.Robinson looked
C.If Mr.Robinson would have looked
D.Had Mr.Robinson been looking 31.-----“Shall I open the window?”
-----“I’d rather _________.”
A.you had better not
B.you don’t
C.you shouldn’t
D.you didn’t 32.-----“Did you have to go to court?”
-----“No, I didn’t, but I would ______ if my lawyer hadn’t been so good.”
A.had
B.have
C.be
D.do
33.If Peter had enough money, he _______ on the trip to Los Angeles.A.would have gone
B.went
C.had gone
D.would go
34.If you had been in Shanghai last month, you ________ the game.A.had seen
B.have seen
C.had been seen
D.would have seen 35.If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d ______ there by now.A.be
B.get
C.have got at
D.have been
36.If the Watergate Incident _______ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A.had not occurred
B.did not occur
C.was not occurring
D.would not occur 37.Alan _______ the party if he’d gone to London.A.would have missed
B.had missed
C.could miss
D.missed 38.-----“Your pictures are beautiful!”
-----“We _______ more if we hadn’t run out of film.”
A.would take
B.had taken
C.will have taken
C.would have taken 39.Peter wishes that he ________ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.had studied
B.studied
C.could study
D.would study 40.-----“I couldn’t talk to Mrs.Khandary very well, because my Arabic isn’t very good yet.”
-----“_________ there, he would have been able to interpret for you.”
A.If John were
B.John had been
C.Had John been
D.Were John 41.___________, Gerald would have been a rich man.A.Was he to enter business
B.Were he entered business
C.Had he entered business
D.If he was to enter business 42._________, we shall go on a picnic.A.Should the weather be fine
B.If the weather were fine
C.Had the weather been fine
D.Were the weather to be fine 4 43.-----“I wish I ________ the orientation program yesterday.”
-----“It’s too bad that you _________.We met a lot of people.”
A.had attended …didn’t
B.had attended …hadn’t
C.attended … didn’t
D.could attend … haven’t 44.-----“Do you want me to lend you some money?”
-----“I wish you __________, I can pay you back next week.”
A.should
B.did
C.might
D.would 45.The picture exhibition bored me to death.I wish I _______ to it.A.had not gone
B.have not gone
C.did not go
D.could not have gone 46.If their passport _______ all right, they _______ arrested.A.were … wouldn’t be
B.had been … wouldn’t have been
C.are… mustn’t be
D.should be … wouldn’t be 47.If only I _________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A.had known
B.would know
C.should know
D.knew 48.The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket ______ over it.A.had been thrown
B.were thrown
C.be thrown
D.had thrown 49.He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _________.A.was far away
B.had been far away
C.were far away
D.went far away 50.If I had only read all the books before I ________ the lecture!
A.would have attended
B.attended
C.had attended
D.have attended 51.I would have been able to help him, but I _______ so busy.A.were
B.had been
C.was
D.would be 52.-----“Where have you been?”
-----“I got caught in the traffic;_______ I would have been here sooner.”
A.however
B.although
C.anyway
D.otherwise 53.It is desirable that the airplane _______ as light as possible.A.was
B.be
C.is
D.were 54.I _______ do that if I were given the choice.A.would rather not
B.would not rather
C.rather not
D.had rather not 55.Everybody has arrived.It’s time we _________.A.would start
B.shall start
C.started
D.had start 56.-----“Mrs.Williams can speak Japanese.”
-----“But she would rather _______ English with us.”
A.speak
B.spoke
C.to speak
D.had spoken 57.John would rather that Jane _______ to the party yesterday evening.A.did not go
B.not go
C.had not gone
D.wouldn’t gone 58.-----“What’s the matter with Harry?”
-----“I don’t know, but he certainly looks ______ he had lost his best friend.”
A.that
B.so that
C.like
D.as if 59.His advice has made the design better than it ________.A.would otherwise have been
B.would be otherwise
C.has otherwise be
D.had otherwise been 60.-----“I’m surprised to learn that you’re going back.”
-----“Yes, I had hoped that I _______ have to go back again, but I must.”
A.didn’t
B.wouldn’t
C.won’t
D.mustn’t
辨认并改正错误：
1.I should be most happy to go down with you but I was very busy right then.(have been)2.If her great grandfather would have lived three more days he would have been 100 years old.(had lived)3.If George Washington were president today, I would have wondered what he would do about the United States’ foreign affairs in the Middle East.(wonder)4.It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the examination.(study)5.He gave orders that the horses were made ready at once as he was pressed for time.(should be)6.The scientist thinks it necessary that all the inventions of mankind must be used for good, not for evil.(should)7.We felt like we had lost a friend when the foreman along with his four assistants was unfairly discharged.(felt as if)8.If you went to last night’s game, I am sure that you would have enjoyed seeing our team win.(had been to)9.If you have been living here since 1956, isn’t it about time you start to look for somewhere nicer to live?(started)10.The law I am referring to requires that everyone who owns a car has accident insurance.(have)11.I would rather that they did not travel during the bad weather, but they insist that they must return home today.(should)12.The political candidate talked as though she has already been elected to the presidency.(had)13.If a crisis was to occur, those unfamiliar with the procedures would not know how to handle the situation.(were)14.Many dead people would now be alive if they did not attempt to return for something.(had not attempted)15.Only if Albert had told me before last Friday, I would have given him some help, but now it’s too late.(If only)16.If Monique had not attended the conference, she would never meet her old friend Dan whom she had not seen for years.(have met)17.If I brought with me a camera when the accident happened yesterday I might have taken a picture of it myself.(had brought)18.How I wish John knew how to apply grammatical rules properly and recognize the fact that he is nearly always in the wrong!(recognized)19.If John were to resign and if Henry were elected to take his place we should have had more vigorous leadership.(删除)20.You may prefer to travel by plane, but if the weather is bad, you might have to use the train instead.(may)
翻译下列句子：
1． 我要是有你这样一个姐姐多好！
2． 我们万一不能及时完成这个任务怎么办？
3． 要不是明天有测验我今天晚上就去听音乐会了。
4． 有人建议我们举行一次讲演比赛。
5． 你其实可以让我帮助你的。
6． 现在是认真研究这个问题的时候了。
7． 真遗憾他竟然忘记通知你们这件事了。
8． 如果她不是一直刻苦练习，她的钢琴就不可能弹得这么好。
9.他不太注意学习方法，要不然他就不会落在别人后面。
10.他看起来好像是刚睡醒似的。
11.对这些学生的全部要求是努力学习，遵守规章制度。
12.他昨天非常忙，否则他就来参加我们的联欢会（get-together）了。
Key: 用所给动词的适当形式填空： Part A:
1.drove
2.wouldn’t have made
3.had tied
4.have / would not have bought 5.should be / were / were to be
6.would be postponed
7.wouldn’t have been 8.were not
9.had studied
10.were mended
11.(should)hold 12.should have broken / broke
13.had understood / said 14.had done / did
15.had
16.came
17.had been 18.were addressing
19.is heated
20.will stay Part B: 1.should need / needed
2.would tell
3.had decided
4.had / taken / came / would not be
5.would not be
6.would stop 7.should not have seen / waved
8.be cut
9.have stayed 10.worked
11.were
12.would have invited / had already come 13.would be
14.drove
15.should have arrived
16.would feel 17.had been / could not have done
18.would not have tried 19.had
20.should have had
选择题：
1.C
2.C
3.D
4.B
5.C
6.D
7.B
8.A
9.A
10.B
11.B
12.A
13.C
14.C
15.D
16.B
17.B
18.D
19.C
20.D 21.A
22.C
23.A
24.A
25.C
26.C
27.D
28.A
29.B
30.A 31.D
32.B
33.D
34.D
35.A
36.A
37.A
38.D
39.A
40.C 41.C
42.A
43.A
44.D
45.A
46.B
47.D
48.A
49.C
50.B 51.C
52.D
53.B
54.A
55.C
56.A
57.C
58.D
59.A
60.B
1.If only I had a sister like you!2.What if we could not fulfill the plan in time? 3.If it were not for the test tomorrow, I would go to the concert tonight.4..It is suggested that we(should)hold a speech contest.5.You might have asked me to lend you a hand.6..It is time we studied this problem seriously.7.What a pity that they should have forgotten to tell you about it!8。If she had not practiced hard, she wouldn’t play the piano so well.9.He doesn’t pay much attention to study methods;otherwise he wouldn’t have fallen behind the others.10.He looks as if he just woke up(or: awakened)11.All that is required of the students is that they should study hard and obey the discipline.12.He was very busy yesterday.Otherwise he would have come to our get-together.
第二篇：虚拟语气练习题及答案
虚拟语气练习题
用所给动词的适当形式填空：
Part A.1.If people ______(drive)more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make)so many mistakes.3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____(tie)it up.4.If I had known you already _____(have)a typewriter, I _____(not, buy)one for your birthday.5.If he _____(be)here this afternoon I would go with him.6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone).7.But for your help, we ______(not be)able to finish the work in time.8.If it _____(not, be)for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much.9.I wish I _____(study)hard while I was young.10.It is about time that fence ______(mend).11.My request is that we ______(hold)another session to discuss the problem.12.It is strange that the car _____(break)down at exactly the same place where it _____(break)
down yesterday.13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand)what his mother _____(say).14.He talked as if he _____(do)all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do)most of it.15.If only we _____(have)a phone!I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box.16.-----“Can we come in late tomorrow?”-----“I’d rather you _____(come)in on time.”
17.He looks as if he _____(be)ill for a long time.18.He always talks as though he ______(address)a public meeting.19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand.20.I _____(stay)home if it rains this evening.Part B.1.She would call you immediately if she _____(need)help.2.If I had seen the movie, I _____(tell)you all about it now.3.If he _____(decide)earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight.4._______ I _____(take)my umbrella with me when I _____(come)out this morning, I
_____(not be)so wet now.5.If you had listened to me, you _____(not be)in such trouble now.6.I wish they _____(stop)making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work.7.It is inconceivable that he _____(not see)me that day for I ______(wave)to her.8.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut)down.9.Mr.Jones would rather _____(stay)home last night.10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work)in the same department as he does.11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be)a fluid.12.We _____(invite)her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, come)back
from abroad.13.Today’s industrial production ______(be)impossible without the contribution made by the
science of physics.14.I hate driving.I’d much rather you _____(drive).15.The guests ______(arrive)last night, but there is still no news about them.16.Mother_____(feel)anxious if I came home late.17.Even if I ______(be)with you then, I ______(can, not, do)much for you.18.A less conscientious man ______(not, try)so hard to get this job done.19.Do you wish that you ______(have)a sister like her?
20.Isn’t it surprising that he ______(have)two car accidents during the past week?
选择题：
1.If I _______ you, I’d join the army.A.amB.wasC.wereD.would be
2.“If the sun ______ tomorrow, what would we do?”
A.will not riseB.would not rise
C.did not riseD.does not rise
3.If you ______ to see Mary, what would you tell her?
A.areB.will be goingC.mustD.were
4.I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______ your brother.A.could seeB.had seenC.will seeD.will have seen
5.If you had wanted to buy a record, what ________?
A.would you buyB.had you bought
C.would you have boughtD.would you be buying
6.If the tablets had dissolved, John ______.A.would probably dieB.had probably died
C.probably would be diedD.would probably have died
7.________ if you had lost your watch?
A.Hadn’t you been upsetB.Wouldn’t you be upset
C.Weren’t you upsetD.Wouldn’t you have upset
8.-----“I was so sorry to hear about Jack.”
-----“If he had made more friends here, he might ________.”
A.have stayedB.have stayC.stayedD.stay
9.If I had a bike, I ______ it to you yesterday.A.would have lentB.would lend
C.would have lendD.could lend
10.____________, John would not have failed.A.If he has listened to meB.Had he listened to me
C.If he listened to meD.As he listened to me
11.Had Alice been more hardworking, she ________.A.had not failedB.would not have failed
C.would not failD.could not be failed
12.-----“Steve made a reservation already.”
-----“______ he change his mind, he can cancel it.”
A.ShouldB.WouldC.IfD.So
13.I wished it _______ but it did.A.occurred notB.did not accur
C.had not occurredD.would not occur
14.I _______ Professor Jones had taught me this equation.A.believeB.deeply thinkC.wishD.suppose
15.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _____ around the earth.A.circlesB.is circlingC.be circlingD.were circling
16.The computer “teacher” was talking with his students as though it ______ a human teacher.A.wasB.wereC.had beenD.be
17.Jane appears as though she _______ the secret.A.knowsB.knewC.has knownD.had known
18.If only she _______ of Aunt Ruth!
A.was not terribly so frightened
B.were not terribly so frightened
C.be not so terribly frightened
D.were not so terribly frightened
19.-----“I think that the Smiths were embarrassed by Jane’s generosity.”
-----“She insisted ______ it as a gift.”
A.no them to acceptB.their accepting
C.that they acceptD.that they accepted
20.The chairman requested that __________.A.the members studied the problem more carefully
B.the problem were more carefully studied
C.the problem could be studied with more care
D.the members study the problem more carefully
21.-----“Did Kathy have any ideas for Jim?”
-----“She suggested that he ______ a card with all of our names on it.”
A.sendB.sendsC.to sendD.sending
22.The idea is that we _______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.A.will sendB.had sentC.sendD.be sent
23.It is necessary that this machine-tool _______ every day.A.be oiledB.oilC.is to be oiledD.oiled
24.-----“That’s a beautiful coat in the window.”
-----“It certainly is.If I had the money ______ buy it.”
A.I’dB.I’llC.I mayD.I shall
25.-----“Why didn’t you help him?”
-----“I would have ______ I didn’t have the money.”
A.ifB.andC.butD.otherwise
26.Jill would rather we _______ now, but we must go to work.A.not leaveB.had not left
C.didn’t leaveD.not to be left
27.I’d just as soon ________ those important papers with you.A.that you won’t takeB.your not taking
C.please don’t you takeD.you didn’t take
28.The housemaster was very strict.He asked that we ______ television on week nights.A.not watchB.not be watching
C.must not watchD.should not have watched
29.I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ________.A.him calling meB.that he would call me
C.him to call meD.that he call me
30.__________ at the price list, he’d have known what to expect.A.Had Mr.Robinson looked
B.If Mr.Robinson looked
C.If Mr.Robinson would have looked
D.Had Mr.Robinson been looking
31.-----“Shall I open the window?”
-----“I’d rather _________.”
A.you had better notB.you don’t
C.you shouldn’tD.you didn’t
32.-----“Did you have to go to court?”
-----“No, I didn’t, but I would ______ if my lawyer hadn’t been so good.”
A.hadB.haveC.beD.do
33.If Peter had enough money, he _______ on the trip to Los Angeles.A.would have goneB.went
C.had goneD.would go
34.If you had been in Shanghai last month, you ________ the game.A.had seenB.have seen
C.had been seenD.would have seen
35.If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d ______ there by now.A.beB.getC.have got atD.have been
36.If the Watergate Incident _______ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A.had not occurredB.did not occur
C.was not occurringD.would not occur
37.Alan _______ the party if he’d gone to London.A.would have missedB.had missed
C.could missD.missed
38.-----“Your pictures are beautiful!”
-----“We _______ more if we hadn’t run out of film.”
A.would takeB.had taken
C.will have takenC.would have taken
39.Peter wishes that he ________ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.had studiedB.studiedC.could studyD.would study
40.-----“I couldn’t talk to Mrs.Khandary very well, because my Arabic isn’t very good yet.”-----“_________ there, he would have been able to interpret for you.”
A.If John wereB.John had been
C.Had John beenD.Were John
41.___________, Gerald would have been a rich man.A.Was he to enter businessB.Were he entered business
C.Had he entered businessD.If he was to enter business
42._________, we shall go on a picnic.A.Should the weather be fine
B.If the weather were fine
C.Had the weather been fine
D.Were the weather to be fine
43.-----“I wish I ________ the orientation program yesterday.”
-----“It’s too bad that you _________.We met a lot of people.”
A.had attended …didn’tB.had attended …hadn’t
C.attended … didn’tD.could attend … haven’t
44.-----“Do you want me to lend you some money?”
-----“I wish you __________, I can pay you back next week.”
A.shouldB.didC.mightD.would
45.The picture exhibition bored me to death.I wish I _______ to it.A.had not goneB.have not gone
C.did not goD.could not have gone
46.If their passport _______ all right, they _______ arrested.A.were … wouldn’t beB.had been … wouldn’t have been
C.are… mustn’t beD.should be … wouldn’t be
47.If only I _________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A.had knownB.would knowC.should knowD.knew
48.The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket ______ over it.A.had been thrownB.were thrown
C.be thrownD.had thrown
49.He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _________.A.was far awayB.had been far away
C.were far awayD.went far away
50.If I had only read all the books before I ________ the lecture!
A.would have attendedB.attended
C.had attendedD.have attended
51.I would have been able to help him, but I _______ so busy.A.wereB.had beenC.wasD.would be
52.-----“Where have you been?”
-----“I got caught in the traffic;_______ I would have been here sooner.”
A.howeverB.althoughC.anywayD.otherwise
53.It is desirable that the airplane _______ as light as possible.A.wasB.beC.isD.were
54.I _______ do that if I were given the choice.A.would rather notB.would not rather
C.rather notD.had rather not
55.Everybody has arrived.It’s time we _________.A.would startB.shall start
C.startedD.had start
56.-----“Mrs.Williams can speak Japanese.”
-----“But she would rather _______ English with us.”
A.speakB.spokeC.to speakD.had spoken
57.John would rather that Jane _______ to the party yesterday evening.A.did not goB.not go
C.had not goneD.wouldn’t gone
58.-----“What’s the matter with Harry?”
-----“I don’t know, but he certainly looks ______ he had lost his best friend.”
A.thatB.so thatC.likeD.as if
59.His advice has made the design better than it ________.A.would otherwise have beenB.would be otherwise
C.has otherwise beD.had otherwise been
60.-----“I’m surprised to learn that you’re going back.”
-----“Yes, I had hoped that I _______ have to go back again, but I must.”
A.didn’tB.wouldn’tC.won’tD.mustn’t
Key:
用所给动词的适当形式填空：
Part A:
1.drove2.wouldn’t have made3.had tied4.have / would not have bought
5.should be / were / were to be6.would be postponed7.wouldn’t have been
8.were not9.had studied10.were mended11.(should)hold
12.should have broken / broke13.had understood / said
14.had done / did15.had16.came17.had been
18.were addressing19.is heated20.will stay
Part B:
1.should need / needed2.would tell3.had decided
4.had / taken / came / would not be5.would not be6.would stop
7.should not have seen / waved8.be cut9.have stayed
10.worked11.were12.would have invited / had already come
13.would be14.drove15.should have arrived16.would feel
17.had been / could not have done18.would not have tried
19.had20.should have had
选择题：
1.C2.C3.D4.B5.C6.D7.B8.A9.A10.B
11.B12.A13.C14.C15.D16.B17.B18.D19.C20.D
21.A22.C23.A24.A25.C26.C27.D28.A29.B30.A
31.D32.B33.D34.D35.A36.A37.A38.D39.A40.C
41.C42.A43.A44.D45.A46.B47.D48.A49.C50.B
51.C52.D53.B54.A55.C56.A57.C58.D59.A60.B
第三篇：虚拟语气练习题附答案
虚拟语气练习题
一、【基础巩固】
1.If I ___ ten years younger, I ______ very happy.A.were, would beB.am, shall be C.were, shall beD.am, would be
2.---You can ask your brother for help.---He is not at home.If he ______, I ______.A.is, wouldB.were, would C.is, willD.were, will
3.If you _____ the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.A.followB.followed C.would followD.had followed
4.If he had not missed the train, he ______ there by then.A.might getB.might have got C.gotD.had got
5.What would you have done last night, if you ______ to write your homework.A.hadn'tB.haven't had C.didn't haveD.hadn't had
6.---Did you catch the plane?
---No, if I had hurried, I ______.A.wouldB.would have C.couldD.did
7.Why didn't you tell him the truth? If I ______ you, I would have.A.wereB.had been C.amD.would be
8.---How do you like the party?
---Wonderful.If you had come with us, you ______ a good time.A.hadB.had had C.would haveD.would have had
9.If I ______ out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper.A.didn't runB.shouldn't run C.haven't runD.hadn't run
10.If you ______ early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.A.have startedB.were start C.were to startD.had started
11.If you ______ to the moon one day, you would find it quite different from the earth.A.travelB.had travelled C.should travelD.have trarelled
12.What ______ yesterday if you ______ TV programme.A.would you do, hadn't watch B.would you have done, hadn't watched
C.could you do, didn't watch D.would you have done, didn't watch
13.----Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?
----No, but if I ______ time, I ______ very glad to go there.A.have, will be B.had had, would have been
C.had, would be D.had had, would be
14.----My boss often made me work day and night.----If I ______you, I ______ the job.A.am, will give upB.had been you, would have given up
C.were, would give up D.had been you, would give up
15.If you tell me all about it, I ______ able to decide.A.would beB.could be C.wereD.shall be
16.If you ______ George, would you please tell him to ring me?
A.sawB.were to C.have seenD.see
17.I'm sure he hasn't sent the letter.If he ______ it, I ______.A.sent, got B.sent, have got
C.sent, would go D.had sent, would have got
18.----Sally finally got here from Chicago.----If she ______earlier, we ______ her to the party then.A.came, would take B.had come, would have taken
C.comes, will take D.had come, would take
19.I don't know whether to take the medicine at once.If I ______，I ______ it.A.knew, would take B.had known, would have taken it
C.knew, would have taken D.had known, would take
20.----Did you need any help with your maths last night?
----No, If ______ , I ______ you.A.had, would have called B.had, would call
C.had needed, would have called D.had needed, would call
二、【能力提高】
1.I would buy that car，if I ______ enough money.A.haveB.had C.will haveD.had had
2.Ford might have come to school in time for Professor Smith's lecture, ______.A.if he got up earlier B.unless he had got up earlier
C.but he got up rather late D.but he had got up so late
3.______ their help in the past years, he would be living a hard life and might even have starve to death.A.With B.If it were not for C.If it had not been for D.If not
4.If it had not rained yesterday, the ground ______ muddy now.A.is not B.will not be C.would not be D.would not have been
5.You ______ any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan.A.won't meet with B.would not meet with
C.would not have met with D.have not met with
6.He did his best in everything, ______ he would not have been what he was.A.andB.but C.otherwiseD.but that
7.----What would you wish to do if you were to be a college student again?
----That's very hard to say, but I wish I ______ biology when I was a college student.A.had studiedB.studied C.studyD.have studied
8.----You should have gone to the show with us yeaterday.It's very good.----I wished I ______ , but I was busy with my report.A.hadB.did C.would haveD.were
9.Mr Johnson said angrily, “Don't order me about, as if I ______ your wife.I'm not.We are both the boss's men.”
A.wereB.am C.would beD.had been
10.______ the thick fence, he would have been more fearful.A.But forB.Without C.If it were not forD.both A and B
11.He talked as if he ______ to Beijing, but I knew he hadn't.A.wentB.were C.had beenD.would have been
12.----Would you have told him the awswer, if possible?
----Yes, I would have, but I ______ very busy.A.had beenB.were C.wasD.would be
13.If he ______ in England, what language could he probably speak now?
A.were bornB.had been born C.would have been bornD.was born
14.If we ______ Steven's advice, we would not be lost in the forest.A.tookB.had taken C.have takenD.would take
15.If the govenment had built more houses for the homeless people after the earth quake, the housing problems now in some parts of the city ______ so serious now.A.wouldn't be B.will not have been
C.wouldn't have been D.would have not been
16.What a heavy rain it is!If we ______ the rain coat, we wouldn't ______ in the rain.A.had put on, be walking B.put on, walk
C.put on, be walking D.should put on, walk
17.----Why is the window broken?
----If I ______ care, it ______.A.took, wouldn't happen B.had taken, wouldn't have happened
C.took, wouldn't have happened D.had taken, wouldn't happen
18.----Do you think the thief entered through the side door?
----No, if he had, he ______ the living room window.A.would break B.would have broken
C.wouldn't break D.wouldn't have broken
19.I ______ one of Tom's paintings, but if I had, he would have given it to me.A.wantedB.want C.didn't wantD.don't want
20.I've forgotten his telephone number.If I ______ it down, I ______ you now.A.put, would have told B.put, would tell C.had put, would have told D.had put, would tell
三、【高考真题】
1.If there were no subjunctive mood, English ___ much easier.A.will beB.would have beenC.could have beenD.would be
2.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ____ the rules
A.obeysB.obeyC.will obeyD.would obey
3.----“The experiment had failed!”
----“I suggest you ____ again.”
A.tryB tryingC.will tryD.would try
4.----“He is a very brave man.”
----“Yes.I wish I ____ his courage.”
A.haveB.hadC.will haveD.would have
5.If she had worked harder, she ____.A.would succeedB.had succeededC.should succeedD.would have succeeded
6.The plant is dead.I ____ itmore water.A.will giveB.would have givenC.must giveD.should have given
7.I wish I ____ you yesterday.A.seenB.did seeC.had seenD.were to see
8.If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he ____ me from going.A.had been;would have preventedB.had been;would prevent
C.were;would preventD.were;would have prevented
9.He ____ you more help, even though he was very busy.A.might have givenB.might give
C.may have givenD.may give
10.Without electricity human life ____ quite different today.A.isB.will beC.would have beenD.would be
11.If it ____ for the snow, we ____ the mountain yesterday.A.were not;could have climbedB.were not;could climb
C.had not been;could have climbedD.had not been;could climb
12.We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A.must have studiedB.might study
C.should have studiedD.would study
13.----If he ____ , he ____ that food.----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not takeB.had been warned;would not have taken
C.would be warned;had not takenD.would have been warned;had not taken
14.I didn't see your sister at the meeting.If she ____ , she would have met my brother.A.has comeB.did comeC.cameD.had come
15.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.A.breaksB.has brokenC.were brokenD.had been broken
16.You didn't let me drive.If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.A.drove;didn't getB.drove;wouldn't get
C.were driving;wouldn't getD.had driven;wouldn't have got
17.____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.（07全国II）
A.If B.Since C.Though D.When
答案与分析
1．选A。从句的意思反映出其愿望是不可能实现的，应该使用虚拟语气。从各选项中分析
只有A符合虚拟条件句的语法规则。
2．选B。前文已经给出，这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件从句。
3．选D。从两个方面分析都应选D。从follow the doctor's advice动作本身分析，这是个非
延续性动词，所以它只能是要么已经，要么将来，即要么与过去事实相反，要么
与将来事实相反。从全句的意思中分析，应是前者。也可以从主句中分析。它是
与过去事实相反的would have recovered。从全句的意思上看，从句也应是与过
去事实相反。
4．选B。上一题考查从句中时态的选用，而本题则是考查主句时态的选用。从句是与过去．．．．
事实相反，根据从句的意思，主句也应是与过去事实相反。
5．选D。主句与从句都理解为与过去事实要反相才正确。have to被否定后的意思是“不是
不得不”，“不是非得”。have一词作“有”解时，其否定和疑问的形式有两种，you don't have, you haven't，但作除“有”解以外的含义时，只能有第一种否定或
疑问形式，所以选项A是错的。B项不是虚拟语气，C项是与现在或将来事实
相反故也须排除。
6．选B。根据问句，if条件从句及全句的意思，主句只能理解为与过去事实相反，would have
是would have caught的省略。
7．选B。从句应理解为与过去事实相反，故选had been。
8．选D。问句中虽用现在时，但实际上是询问过去的事，故主从句都是与过去事实相反，所以would have had是对的。
9．选D。与过去事实相反的从句是过去完成时，故选hadn't run。run out of意为“用光”。
10．选C。从句中的tomorrow morning已经告知我们，本句可理解为与将来事实相反，A、D两项都不对。B项缺少to，故选were to start。
11．选C。从句中的one day指“将来有一天”，故用should可表示将来。
12．选B。根据主句中的yesterday可以确定，主句是与过去事实相反，又根据句意，从句也是与过去事实相反，故选B。
13．疑问句是询问将来，故用与将来事实相反的C项。
14．选B。第一句中的made是指过去，回答要同上文的时间相符，所以，主句和从句均是与过去事实相反。
15．选D。条件从句的tell说明这不是一个虚拟条件，因此选用真实意义的D项。
16．选D。would you please并不是虚拟语气，而是一种很委婉的祈使句，故从句也不用虚拟条件，而选用真实条件的see。
17．选D。第一句已清楚地道出过去的一个事实。第二句是与这个过去的事实相反的虚拟语气，故选用D。
18．选B。根据第一句，第二句中的条件从句应是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件，而主句也用与过去事实相反，这是由于句尾的then的缘故，如果没有then一词，选D项也是正确的。
19．选A。主、从句都是与现在事实相反，故用A。
20．选C。第一句是询问过去的事实，第二句中的主、从句都理解为过去才合逻辑，虽然D选项在语法上是对的，但从时间上看却不合理。
B层次答案与分析
答案与分析
1．选B。根据主从句之间在逻辑上的时间关系，应视为同时发生故选B。但本句在没有语言环境的情况下，也可以看做是一个过去的真实条件句。
2．选C。might have come在含有虚拟条件复合句的主句中表示与过去事实相反，也可用于真实的情况，意即“可能已经”，但仔细分析四个选项，其中无一可以在语法，时态和含义上同前面的句子相一致，故只能将 might have come看做是虚拟语气的用法。如果是这样，A项中的got up指与现在事实相反的虚拟条件，这与主句不合逻辑。B项中的unless不能用于虚拟语气条件。C项是一个指过去发生的真实事件，这正和与过去事实相反的主句相一致，而虚拟条件从句也被省略，它应该是if he had got up early。D项中的过去完成时，在没有任何参照的情况下是不对的。
3．选C。如用with则全句的逻辑关系不成立，而用D项其语法结构有错。in the past years已经告诉我们应与过去事实相反的条件从句，所以只有C是对的，B项用来表示与现在事实相反，也应排除。B、C这两种用法只能表示虚拟条件，不能表示真实条件，其意思是“如果没有”。
4．选C。虚拟条件从句虽是指过去，但从其与主句的逻辑关系上分析，主句只能是现在，故选C，从now 一词也可得出这一结论。
5．选B。分析方法同上。
6．选C。otherwise在这是一个虚拟条件从句的替代词，它代替了if he hadn't done his best。
7．选A。从wish后的过去时间状语判断，这应该是一个对过去未能实现事情的一种愿望，故应使用过去完成时。
8．选A。在确定wish后从句的时态时，不要受wish本身时态的影响，它同对从句时态的确定毫无关系。问题的关键是要看wish和从句中的动词的时间先后关系，无论wish本身是何种时态，它与这个动词的时间关系是固定不变的，在变成间接引语时，我们会更能体会到这种关系：
He said，“I wish I had been there.”
He said that he wished he had been there.wish的时态变了，可它与后面动词的时间关系并没有变。请参阅本章的语法说明。
9．选A。根据句意，这是一个与现在事实相反的比喻，准确地说，是一个与主句动词同时发生的一个动作，故用一般过去时的were。
10．选D。But for（如果没有）和without都可用于表示条件，并没有时间限制，它们既有If it were not for的意思，也有if it had not been for的意思。但前者只用来表示虚拟条件，而后者用于虚拟和真实均可。C 项表示与现在事实相反，这与主句不能成立。
11．选C。as if后时态的确定同wish一样，也不要受主句时态的影响，对它的分析请见上面第8题及其分析。
12．选C。but引出的内容是一个事实。
13．选B。从句用与过去事实相反的过去完成时才能合句意。
14．选B。从句只能指过去。
15．选A。主句中的now一词已表明是与现在事实相反。
16．选A。从句应理解为与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时，句首的感叹句告诉我们，这是一个当前的情景，所以wouldn't后用进行时较妥。
17．选B。第一句虽用了一个现在时的疑问句，但“打碎”这个动作确是已经发生了。所以主从句都应视为过去事实相反。
18．选D。用与过去事实相反的否定句才合逻辑。
19．选C。从虚拟条件从句及其主句可判断出这是一个过去发生的否定的事实。
20．选D。从句是指过去，而主句是指现在。
历届高考题参考答案
参考答案
1～5．DBABD
6～10．DCAA/CD
11～15．CCBDC
16-17．DA
第四篇：练习题及答案
练习题 选择题
1、下列对管理的性质进行了阐述，说法不正确是（A）。
A．管理具有时效性 B．管理具有科学性C．管理具有艺术性 D．管理具有二重性
2、“凡事预则立，不预则废。”是强调（D）的重要性。A．预防 B．预测 C．组织 D．计划
3、组织是管理的基本职能之一，它是由（B）三个基本要素构成。
A.目标、原则和结构 B.目标、部门和关系C.目标、部门和效率 D.目标、部门和人员
4、为了保证计划目标得以实现,就需要有控制职能,控制的实质就是使（A）。A.实践活动符合于计划 B.计划接近实际活动 C.实践活动具有指标约束 D．计划得以严格执行
5、根据其在组织中的地位和作业的不同，组织成员可以简单地划分为（C）
A.高层管理者、中层管理者、基层管理者 B.生产者、管理者C.操作者、管理者D.技术人员、管理人员
6、关于管理的含义，下列词语中（C）的表述不确切。A．激励、约束 B．协调、沟通 C．放任、自由 D．理顺、调整
7、某甲是一所综合大学中文系的系主任，他是一个（B）
A.高层管理者 B.中层管理者 C.基层管理者 D.操作者
8、管理的最终目的是（B）
A实现人与人之间关系的协调
B有效地组织资源和组织活动 C最少的投入获得最大的产出
D制定组织目标
9、“三个和尚”的故事中，“一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃”。主要揭示了下列各项管理职能中（C）的重要性。A计划 B领导C协调
D指挥
10、管理学研究的主要是（D）
A.经济管理问题 B.企业管理问题 C.行政管理问题 D.一般管理问题 判断正误
1、组织是管理的一项重要职能，它由三个基本要素构成，即目标、结构和关系。N
2、从教材给“管理”所下定义中，可以得出这样的结论，管理的对象就是组织及其各种资源。N
3、现代企业管理学认为，企业管理的重点在经营，而经营的核心是计划。N
4、管理是一种有意识、有组织的群体活动,是一个静态的协作过程。N
5、控制的实质就是使实践符合于计划，计划就是控制的基础。N
6、愈是高层的管理者，控制要求的时效性愈长，综合性愈强。Y
7、管理的一般职能来源于管理的科学性性质，内容是合理组织生产力和维护生产关系。N
8、决策是管理的首要职能。N
9、管理的艺术性就是强调管理的复杂性。N
10、管理者的基本技能包括概念技能、人际技能和技术技能。Y 练习题 选择题：
1、法约尔的一般管理理论对西方管理理论的发展有重大影响，成为后来管理过程学派的理论基础，他的代表作是（B）。
A《社会组织与经济组织理论》
B《工业管理和一般管理》
C《科学管理理论》
2、系统管理学派认为，组织是由一个相互联系的若干要素组成，为环境所影响的并反过来影响环境的开放的（A）。
A社会技术系统
B社会经济组织
C社会经济系统
3、企业流程再造的目的是增强企业竞争力，从（A）上保证企业能以最小的成本、高质量的产品和优质的服务赢得客户。
A生产流程
B生产管理
C作业管理
4、西方早期的管理思想中，（A）是最早研究专业化和劳动分工的经学家。A．亚当·斯密
B．查尔斯·巴比奇 C．泰罗
D．大卫·李嘉图 5、1993年，海默和钱皮合著了《企业再造工程》一书，该书总结了过去几十年来世界成功企业的经验，提出了应变市场变化的新方法，即（C）。
.A企业战略转换
B．企业技术创新
C企业流程再造
D．企业管理创新
6、古典管理理论认为人是（B）。
A复杂人
B经济人
C社会人
D古典人
7、法约尔是西方古典管理理论在法国的杰出代表，其代表作是《工业管理和一般管理》，他被誉为（C）。工业管理之父
B 科学管理之父
C经营管理理论之父 D 组织理论之父
8、科学管理理论是古典管理理论之一，科学管理的中心问题是（D）。A制定科学的作业方法
B提高劳动生产率
C提高工人的劳动积极性
9、“管理的十四项原则”是由（B）提出来的。A、韦伯 B、泰罗 C、梅奥 D．法约尔
10、管理学界对行为科学的研究是在（D）的基础上发展起来的，并迅速成为影响巨大的理论流派。科学管理理论 B．人际关系学说 C．经营管理理论 D．权变理论学派 判断正误并改正
1、梅奥认为，人们在共同工作中，由于兴趣、感情或归属等因素而形成的组织体系，这就构成了正式组织。N
2、泰罗的科学管理既重视技术因素，也重视人的社会因素。N
3、法约尔提出的管理五项职能或要素是计划、组织、决策、协调和控制。N
4、“正式组织”与“非正式组织”的区别在于，“正式组织”中以效率的逻辑为重要标准。Y
5、权变管理学派德主要代表人物是西蒙。N
6、战略管理理论的发展经历了经典战略理论、产业结构分析和核心能力理论三个阶段。Y
7、泰罗科学管理的中心问题是制定科学的管理制度与方法。N
8、韦伯是德国古典管理理论的代表人物，他对管理理论的贡献是提出了理想的行政管理体系，其代表作是《行政组织体系理论》。N
9、．从19世纪末期到20世纪初期，欧洲和美国都相继有人提出比较系统的管理理论。比如，在美国表现为泰罗创建的科学管理理论，在法国表现为法约尔的行政管理理论。N
10、企业流程再造的目的就是为了提高经济效益。N 第三章思考题
一、单项选择
1、根据（B），在人力资源管理过程中，应该针对工作性质不同的组织目标的要求，将不同能力要素以适宜的方式组合起来，发挥协作叠加的功能与优势。
Ａ、要素有用原理
Ｂ、同素异构原理 Ｃ、能级匹配、适才适用原理Ｄ、互补增值与协调优化原理
２、以下（D）不属于内部选拔的途径。
Ａ、内部晋升
Ｂ、岗位轮换 Ｃ、返聘
D、广告招聘
3、（B）是为企业寻找高级管理人才和专业技术人才最常用的途径。
A、广告招聘 B、猎头公司
C、网络招聘 D、校园招聘
4、（C）是通过把候选人置于相对隔离的一系列模拟工作情景中，以团队作业的方式，并采用多种测评
技术和方法，观察和分析候选人在模拟的各种情景压力下的心理、行为、表现以及工作绩效，以测量候选人的管理技术、管理能力和潜能等的一个综合、全面的测评系统。
A、工作样本技术 B、测试
C、评价中心技术 D、求职者背景调查
5、任务分析、绩效分析是培训流程中（A）阶段使用的主要方法。
A、了解员工培训需求 B、制定员工培训计划
C、培训计划实施与管理 D、培训评估与反馈
二、多项选择
1、纵观组织管理的全部历史，大致经历了（ACD）阶段。
A、经验管理 B、民主管理 C、科学管理
D、文化管理 E、独裁管理
2、组织的竞争与淘汰机制在制度上主要体现为（ABCDE）。
A、竞聘上岗 B、末位淘汰制度
C、轮岗制度 D、内部创业制度 E、人员分流制度
3、激励机制主要依靠（ABCD）人力资源管理模块来实现。
A、薪酬体系设计 B、C、分权预授权系统 D、升迁异动制度 E、招聘与甄选制度
4、职务留人的途径包括（ＡＣＤＥ）。
A、多通道职业生涯 B、加薪 Ｃ、内部轮岗
Ｄ、外派委以重任 Ｅ、成立新的事业部门来满足员工的创业欲望
５、牵引机制主要依靠（ABCD）人力资源管理模块来实现的。
A、企业的文化与价值观体系 B、职位说明书与任职资格标准
C、关键业绩指标体系（KPI）Ｄ、培训开发体系
Ｅ、职业生涯管理制度
三、判断
（√）１、一般情况下，被选者越多，越容易选出合适的人才。
（×）２、择优而用意味着任何岗位都应选择最高级的人员来担任最好。
（×）３、当组织出现职位空缺时，面向社会招聘是唯一办法。
（×）４、用人应量才适用、任人唯全、用当其时。
（×）
5、组织在进行员工培训时应紧跟时代步伐，流行什么就培训什么。
（×）
6、我国人力资源数量庞大，人才市场供应充足，因此对大多数组织而言，无需进行人才梯队建设。
（√）
7、在制定考评办法时，要从多个方面、多个角度去考虑，要看到绩效的动态特点和长远影响，不能以过去评价现在和未来，更不能主观臆断。
（√）
8、使用结构化面试减少了非结构化面试的不一致和主观性，增加了面试的可靠性和准确性。第四章物流管理方法复习题
一、单选题
1、什么是企业“第三利润源”？（D）
A.管理 B.人力资源 C.资金 D.物流
2.（D）是利用运输管道，通过一定的压力差而完成气体、液体和粉状团体运输的一种现代运输方式。
A.公路运输B.水上运输C.航空运输D.管道运输
3.（C）不属于运输合理化的影响因素。
A.运输距离B.运输工具C.运输人员D.运输费用
4.从流通内部结构描述流通过程的“三流”是指（A）。
A.商流、物流和信息B.商流、物流和人流
C.人流、物流和信息D.商流、人流和信息
5.物流信息系统的设计要求？（B）
A.完整、理性、高品质 B.通用性、可扩展性、可移植性
C.低成本、高收益 D.最小化成本、可维护性
6.按配送中心的经济功能，可以分类为（A）。
A.供应型配送中心、销售型配送中心B.城市配送中心、区域配送中心
C.储存型配送中心、流通型配送中心D.加工配送中心、流通型配送中心
7.（C）不属于仓库的功能？
A.调节供需功能B.运输能力的调节
C.克服了生产和消费的地理位置上的差异 D.流通配送加工功能
8.EDI的结构组成包括（A）。
A.EDI标准、EDI软件及硬件和通信网络 B.增值网、互联网
C.格式化的标准文件、条码技术 D.贸易文件、条码技术
9.按物流作业流程，物流信息系统可分为（B）。
A储管理系统、配送管理系统、运输管理系统 B.进货管理系统、销售管理系统和库存管理系统
C.储管理系统、销售管理系统、运输管理系统 D.储管理系统、配送管理系统、库存管理系统
10.配送不包括（D）功能要素。
A.备货B.理货C.送货D.退货
二、判断题
1.运输管理职能部门在物流管理中起着龙头作用，各下属单位需用的物品报计划科确认后，发送调运任务。错
2.客户服务是物流企业与客户之间联系的重要环节，是物流企业提高服务质量和企业竞争能力的有效手段。对
3.ECR是指物流企业面对多品种，小批量的客户，不是储备了“产品”，而是准备了各种要素，在客户提出需求时，以最快的速度提供条件，及时完成配送，提供所需服务或产品。错
4.对方贸易伙伴在收到信息后，按相同的操作将EDI标准格式文件转化为企业的贸易文件。错
5.配送企业只有真正实现零库存，用户才能实现真正意义的零库存，尽管即时配送的成本较高，但这是现代化配送的重要发展方向。对
6.一般来讲，在买方市场下，企业成品销售需要有较大库存支持，其配送中心需要具备较弱的储存功能。错
7.配送活动能够使分散的经营活动协调运行，减少社会范围内的迂回运输、交叉运输、重复运输等现象，创造更多的物流经济效益。对
8.与一般运输形态不同的是，配送运输是较短距离、较小规模、频度较高的运输形式，它是面向用户的“末端运输”、“支线运输”、“二次运输”，一般使用汽车作为运输工具。对
9.在配送活动中，货物储存有两种表现形态：一种是暂存形态，另一种是储备（包括保险储备和周转储备）形态。对
10.对于要入库的货物，关键要做好两项工作：一是核对数量、二是核对质量。错
第六章练习题
一、单项选择题
1、以下哪项活动不属于财务管理的内容。（C）
A．筹资活动 B．投资活动
C．管理活动 D．分配活动
2、企业理财人员应确立（A）观念，重视利息的作用。
A．资金时间价值 B．风险
C．机会损益 D．弹性
3、现金流是英文CashFlow的直译，就是在一段时间内的（B）。
A．现金总收入 B．现金净流入 C．现金总支出 D．净利润
4、（D）可以缩短现金周转天数。
A．延长应收账款周转天数 B．延长营业周期
C．延长存货周转天数 D．延长应付账款周转天
5、企业实行全过程成本管理，意味着成本管理的范围涵盖了产品的（C）。
A．生产过程 B．设计过程 C．整个寿命周期 D．销售过程
6、（B）就是那些在客户看来没有价值的活动。
A．损失 B．浪费 C．成本 D．费用
7、在下列指标中，可用于衡量企业短期偿债能力的是（B）。
A．产权比率 B．流动比率 C．资产负债率 D．已获利息倍数
8、应收账款周转率提高意味着（C）。
A．短期偿债能力增强 B．收账费用增大 C．收账迅速，账龄较短 D．销售成本较低
二、判断题
1、财务管理的对象就是资金运动。（对）
2、利润最大化目标科学地考虑了风险与报酬的联系。（错）
3、现金是一种非收益性资产，持有过多会影响企业投资收益的提高。（对）
4、现金流预算是现金流管理的重要手段，所有企业都可以采用一种预测方法。（错）
5、成本定额管理的关键，首先在于制定标准消耗量。（对）
6、利润表上反映的是时点数，资产负债表上反映的是时期数。（错）
三、简答题
1、企业价值最大化这一财务目标有什么优缺点？
答：以企业价值最大化作为财务管理的目标，具有以下优点：
（1）企业价值最大化目标既考虑了股东的利益，又充分考虑了其他利益集团的利益。
（2）企业价值最大化目标科学地考虑了风险与报酬的联系。
（3）企业价值最大化能克服企业在追求利润上的短期行为，因为不仅目前的利润会影响企业的价值，预期未来的利润对企业价值的影响所起的作用更大。
这种观点的缺陷是：企业价值最大化这一目标，最大的问题就是其计量问题。从实践上看，可以通过资产评估来确定企业价值的大小，但具体技术环节上还有许多问题需要解决。
2、谈谈质量成本及其管理的内涵。
答：质量成本概念是TQM的倡导者、质量管理大师费根堡姆提出的。质量成本是指企业将产品质量保持在规定的标准上而需支出的费用，以及因未达到规定的质量标准而发生的损失两者之和。一般包括：预防成本、检验成本、内部缺陷成本、外部缺陷成本、外部质量保证成本。质量成本管理，是指根据预定的质量成本目标，对实际工作中发生的所有质量成本，进行指导、限制和监督，及时发现问题，及时采取有效措施，或不断推广先进经验，以促进产品质量成本不断下降，取得最佳经济效益而实施的一种管理行为。
3、资产负债表能提供哪些信息？
答：资产负债表可以提供如下信息：第一，可以提供某一日期资产的总额及其结构，表明企业拥有或控制的资源及其分布情况；第二，可以提供某一日期的负债总额及其结构，表明企业未来需要用多少资产或劳务清偿债务以及清偿时间；第三，可以反映所有者所拥有的权益，据以判断资本保值、增值的情况以及对负债的保障程度。此外，资产负债表还可以提供进行财务分析的基本资料，如将流动资产与流动负债进行比较，计算出流动比率；将速动资产
与流动负债进行比较，计算出速动比率等，可以表明企业的变现能力、偿债能力和资金周转能力，从而有助于报表使用者做出经济决策。
四、计算题
1、某企业预计全年现金需要总量为40万元，其收支状况比较稳定。每次有价证券（年利率10%）变现固定费用为800元。计算最佳现金持有量、最低现金管理成本，并确定证券的变现次数和时间。
答：最佳现金持有量=(2*400000*800/0.1)1/2 =80000（元）
最低现金管理总成本=(2*400000*800*0.1)1/2 =8000（元）
证券变现次数＝400000/80000＝5（次）
变现间隔时间=360/5=72（天）
2、某公司2008年年初应收账款余额为20000元，存货余额为14000元。年末流动资产合计36000元，其流动比率为2.0，速动比率为1.2，存货周转次数为3。全年产品赊销净额为156000元，除应收账款外的速动资产忽略不计。要求分别计算：
（1）年末流动负债余额；
（2）年末存货余额；
（3）产品销售成本；
（4）年末应收账款；
（5）应收账款周转率。
答：（1）年末流动负债余额＝流动资产÷流动比率＝36000÷2.0＝18000（元）
（2）年末速动资产余额＝流动负债×速动比率＝18000×1.2＝21600（元）
年末存货余额＝流动资产－速动资产＝36000－21600＝14400（元）
（3）主营业务成本＝平均存货×存货周转率
＝（14000＋14400）÷2×3＝42600（元）
（4）年末应收账款＝年末速动资产余额＝21600（元）
（5）应收账款周转率＝赊销净额÷平均应收账款余额
＝156000÷〔（20000＋21600）÷2〕＝7.5（次）
一、单选题
1、以下哪个选项属于非正式沟通的方式（D）。
A.发布文件 B.会议报告 C.工作总结 D.网上聊天
2.以下不属于管理沟通要素的是（D）。
A.编码和解码 B.发送者和接收者 C.背景 D.思想
3.以下不属于沟通中个体障碍的是（C）。
A.选择性知觉 B.情绪 C.目标差异 D.信息操控
4.醒目、准确、可查阅、可保存、正式、方便快捷等，这属于以下哪种沟通技能的优点？（C）
A.倾听 B.面谈 C.书面语言沟通 D.演讲
5.沟通者可信度的因素包括沟通者的（D）。
A.身份地位B.良好意愿 C.专业知识 D.以上都是
6.当沟通者认为沟通的目的在于帮助他人或下属认识他们的思想情感和个性问题时，则更适合采用（B）。
A.告知策略 B.咨询性策略 C.说服策略 D.指导性策略
7.以下不是沟通信息策略所要解决的问题是（A）。
A.激发受众 B.筛选和过滤信息C.强调信息D.组织信息
8.在危机处理过程中，应努力避免信息不对称的情况，在对内、对外两个层面上，保持信息管道的双向畅
通。这指的是危机沟通的（B）。
A.真诚原则B.信息对称C.快速反应D.核心立场
9.在冲突沟通中，当争议双方都坚信自己的想法是对的，此时适宜采用（A）策略。
A.和平共存B.按兵不动C.粉饰太平D.铁令如山
10.以下哪条不属于书面语言沟通的“4C”原则？（D）
A.正确B.清晰C.完整D.理性
二、判断题
1.解码是发送者把自己的思想、观点、情感等信息根据一定的语言、语义规则翻译成可以传送的信号。错
2.沟通客体策略突出了沟通者站在对方的立场思考问题和传递信息这个本质。正确
3.沟通者不但要把信息传递给对方，还需要了解对方的反应，确认信息传递出去之后的效果，这反映了管理沟通的策略性的特点。错
4.管理沟通有利于领导者激励下属，建立良好的人际关系和组织氛围，提高员工的士气。对
5.现实中，人们往往重视语言沟通，而忽视非语言沟通的重要意义。事实上，非语言信息往往能够更有力地传达信息。对
6.所谓正式沟通，是指组织成员私下的交谈、传闻和“小道消息”等。非正式沟通一般体现的是感情交流的功能。错
7.进行自我剖析，关键是分析个人的协调能力。错
8.告知策略一般用于沟通者在权威或信息方面处于主导地位，但受众有最终决定权的状况。错
9.管理沟通是组织变革中的重要内容，但它仅存在于组织变革部分环节。错
10.管理沟通的对象既有个人，也有群体和组织。对 第八章 团队管理
一、单选题
1.一般在团队中，传统的角色可以从（A）中看出。
A.工作描述 B.岗位规范 C.招聘广告 D.没有正确答案
2.在团队建设过程中，团队领导者不应该具备的能力是(D)。
A.交流沟通能力 B.激励员工的能力 C.人际交往能力 D.员工服从自己的能力
3.影响团队凝聚力的因素不包括（D）。
A.团队成员的组成 B.团队的目标 C.团队的激励方式 D.团队成员的水平
4.能否对员工进行授权要取决于很多方面，（D）可能不会影响授权。
A.员工个人的技能水平B.员工个人的工作能力
C.团队领导信任成员的程度 D.团队领导的知识水平
5.彼得•圣吉的《第五项修炼》中所提到的五项修炼，不包括下面的（B）。
A.自我超越 B.团队创新 C.心智模式 D.系统思考
6.如果团队中存在大量的冲突，很可能是因为（C）。
A.团队成员参与不够 B.团队成员的退出
C.团队成员之间没有足够的信任 D.成员不能分享感受与观点
7.管理者必须对计划做出承诺，这是因为（A）。
A.只有这样，团队成员才能更加投入 B.管理者的成功离不开计划
C.这样的计划才是好的计划 D.这样才可以使计划更加切合实际
8.小李的工作表现一直不错，但是最近他老是闷闷不乐，团队主管与他进行了一次交谈，原来是他的家中出现了一些问题，主管帮他解决了问题，小李的工作积极性又提高了。这种情况说明团队成员和团队管理者之间（A）。
A.及时沟通的重要性 B.相互理解的重要性 C.相互信任的重要性 D.平等的重要性
9.维护团队的共同意识有很多好处，下面(D)不是好处之一。
A.人们有一种归属于团队的感觉 B.团队内部交流得到改善
C.解决问题的能力提高 D.让团队成员的个性消失
10.团队领导者不愿意授权都是有原因的，那么下面(D)是原因之一。
A.我相信某些人能够按时完成工作 B.这件事可以由他来完成
C.让某些人去承担这些工作，我觉得我的压力减轻了 D.没有一个人能做得像我一样好
二、判断
1.领导者信任其团队时，就会将一切任务的管理权交给他们。（N）
2.只要有良好的团队，就会有良好的决策。(N)
3.团队中成员和领导之间的关系应该建立在信任的基础之上，如果没有信任，团队成员之间的交流和合作就不可能。(Y)
4.能够共同协作是团队工作的优势之一。(Y)
5.团队领导必须确保批评是针对事实，不要针对个人，只有这样，才能有助于培养团队成员间融洽的气氛。(Y)
6.优秀的团队文化能够代替刻板的规章制度，增强团队的凝聚力，提高团队的创新能力。(Y)7.授权可以将团队领导者从常规的任务中解脱出来，去执行更重要的任务。（Y）
8.只要制定出SMART目标，那么这个目标就能够实现。（N）
三、简答题
1.简述影响团队士气的因素。
答：影响团队士气的因素包括以下几个方面：
（1）对团队目标的认同与否。如果团队成员赞同、拥护团队目标，他们会觉得自己的要求和愿望在目标中有所体现，士气就会高涨。（2）利益分配体系是否合理。组织的利益分配体系应合理，以鼓励员工共同合作，提高士气，而不是增强员工之间的竞争气氛。组织中的晋升、加薪和其他形式的认可，应该给予那些善于在团队中与其他成员合作共事的个人。只有在公平、合理、同工同酬、论功行赏的情形下人们的积极性才会提升，士气才会高昂。（3）团队成员对工作产生的满足感。个人对工作非常热爱、感兴趣，而且工作也适合个人的能力与特长，士气就高。（4）团队内部的和谐程度。团队内人际关系和谐，团队成员之间互相赞许、认同、信任、体谅，通力合作，这时凝聚力就会很强，很少出现冲突，就会提高士气。相反，发生内讧、窝里斗的团体，即便欲努力工作的成员也缺乏条件，只会耗费能力和资源，延误发展机会。
2.如何理解团队文化建设。
答：团队文化是由团队价值观、团队使命、团队愿景和团队氛围等要素综合在一起而形成的。建设团队文化的关键就是在团队形成与发展的过程中提炼团队的价值观、团队使命和团队愿景，并以此为基础逐渐形成相对固定的团队氛围。团队文化建设是团队管理的重要组成部分。（1）选好优秀的团队领导。优秀领导人有着独特的领导魅力，这包括优秀的表达能力，善于聆听他人，善于说服，卓越的组织能力，果断的决策能力。领导人的素质有多高，决定了团队最终能走多远。（2）建立共同愿景。团队愿景从管理哲学角度来讲就是解决团队是什么，要成为什么的基本问题，是团队中大家共同愿望的景象，它是人们心中一股令人深受感召的力量。在人类团体活动中，很少有像共同愿景这样能激发出强大的力量。（3）提升团队士气。组建团队时，团队领导要确保团队成员对团队目标的一致性，使团队成员认可和赞同团队目标，感觉他们的要求和意愿在团队目标中有所体现，以提升团队士气。
3.简述团队绩效的影响因素。
答：影响团队绩效的因素通常有以下几种：
（1）团队结构。团队结构包括团队规模、团队成员异质性、团队成员间的熟悉度等方面。有研究认为，团队的规模和团队成员的异质性越大，团队成员获得信息的渠道越畅通，团队绩效就越容易得以提升。（2）团队成员的心理因素和性格特征。间接经验或示范和反馈影响团队绩效，在很大程度上是通过情感评价反应和可知觉的团队功效感来调节的。团队成员的团队功效感越高，其团队绩效也就越高。（3）团队的激
励。激励理论认为，组织成员之间的合作由于受目标不一致和信息不对称等因素的影响，经常被部分成员的机会主义行为所破坏，而建立适当的激励机制不仅能够减轻这种行为，而且能够提高团队绩效。（4）其他因素。除以上因素外，团队目标完成情况、顾客满意度、工作完成的质量、团队人际关系的建立及维持情况等也会影响团队绩效。
四、案例分析
三个和尚在一所破寺院里相遇。“这所寺院为什么荒废了？”不知是谁提出的问题。
“必是和尚不虔，所以菩萨不灵。”甲和尚说。“必是和尚不勤，所以庙产不修。”乙和尚说。
“必是和尚不敬，所以香客不多。”丙和尚说。三人争执不休，最后决定留下来各尽其能，看看谁能最后获得成功。于是，甲和尚礼佛念经，乙和尚整理庙务，丙和尚化缘讲经。果然香火渐盛，原来的寺院恢复了往日的壮观。“都因为我礼佛念经，所以菩萨显灵。”甲和尚说。“都因为我勤加管理，所以寺务周全。”乙和尚说。“都因为我劝世奔走，所以香客众多。”丙和尚说。三人争执不休、不事正务，渐渐地，寺院里的盛况又逐渐消失了。问题：1.三个和尚组成的团队目标在那里？ 2.这个和尚团队为什么由盛转衰最终失败？ 3.这个和尚团队建设问题关键出在什么地方？
答：1.三个和尚的目标是香火旺盛。2.寺院由盛转衰，既非和尚不虔，也不是和尚不勤，更非和尚不敬，而是和尚不睦。3.和尚团队建设问题关键在于他们之间的不协作。团队成员协作不仅要分工，还要协作和监督，才能实现团队目标，彼此各自为政只能是一盘散沙。对于一个团队而言，如果团队中的成员只考虑自己的工作，而不去考虑他人，很可能因为协调不善而出现问题。相互协作，相互支持，因为团队的成功才是每一个成员的成功。
一、单选题：
1、目前所发生的刺激引起的压力称为（）B A.预期压力 B.慢性压力 C.情境压力 D.残留压力
2、以下关于压力的说法，哪一个是错误的？（）D A.压力是一个动态的过程 B.压力过程具有多重性
C.压力过程具有积累效应 D.压力过程具有缓解性
3、个体感受与评估刺激时不会受到下列哪个因素的影响？（）D A.个人认知 B.社会经验 C.人格特点 D.个人爱好
4、ABCD法中C代表（）？B
A.既不重要也不紧急的目标或事件 B.紧急但不重要的目标或事件
C.重要且紧急的目标或事件 D.重要但不紧急的目标或事件
5、提供财务与服务的支持，即通过直接提供解决问题的工具，或者提供个体得以放松或娱乐的时间来帮助减轻压力反应，这属于哪种类型的社会支持？（）C
A.信任支持 B.信息支持 C.工具性支持 D.社会成员身份的支持
6、组织压力管理要遵循的原则不包括（）？D A.岗位原则 B.具体原则 C.适度原则 D.时间原则
7、当员工因为工作内容单调而产生厌烦感时，组织可以通过（）缓解。B A.工作轮换 B.工作丰富化 C.工作扩大化 D.改善工作内容
8、王先生毕业于上海某医科大学,当年因为学业出众,作为佼佼者被某知名三级医院录用,可是他工作没多久,就因为和科室里的同事相处不好,觉得受他们排挤,能力不被领导认可,工作压力大就毅然辞职了。王先生的压力来源于（）。
A．社会环境 B.家庭生活 C.人际关系 D.理想与现实的差距
9、遇有负面情绪时，最简单的办法就是：（）C A.沉默 B.谩骂 C.宣泄 D.下棋
10.识别压力预警信号，可从下面哪一方面进行识别？（）D A.生理信号 B.情绪信号 C.行为信号弹 D.以上都包括
二、判断题
1、适度的压力并不是坏事。（√）
2、当你被一头狮子追赶时，你可能比刘翔跑得还快。这说明压力就是动力。（×）
3、具有高成就感的人由于追求成就感往往容易感到工作压力。（√）
4、内控型人格的人比外控型人格的人排遣压力的渠道和方式多。（×）
5、运用重要—紧急事件区分表法时，应将主要精力用于表格Ⅳ中的事件。（×）
6、工作要求与较多人进行接触与沟通，容易让员工产生高压力。（√）
7、当因为组织变革给员工在安全感方面造成压力，组织应该放弃变革。（×）
8、环境的变化包括社会环境、组织环境。当一个人已经适应了一个环境时，就不会产生压力。
9、只要组织实施了公平公正的绩效考评程序，员工就不会产生压力。（×）
10、通过个体的压力管理可以彻底消除压力。（×）
三、简答题
1、什么是EAP项目？实施该项目中可以采取哪些模式？每一模式有哪些优点？
EAP项目是由组织为帮助员工及其家属解决职业心理健康问题，由组织出资为员工设置的一套系统的、长期的福利与支持项目。
在实施EAP中，有四种模式可供选择。第一种是内部模式，也就是在组织内部设置一个专门部门，由人力资源管理、心理咨询等专业背景的专职人员从事EAP服务，可以放在人力资源管理部门、工会，也可以独立于所有部门。这种模式的优点是：针对性强，适应性好，能全面了解员工的状况，并提供及时的服务。内部模式一般适宜于比较大型的和成熟的组织。第二种模式是外部模式，即聘请外部专业的EAP机构向员工提供帮助，组织与专业的EAP公司签订合同，并有专人负责与EAP公司联系和协调。这种模式的优点在于所有EAP服务都由专业人员完成，专业性强，保密性好，能够将最新的技术应用到实际服务中。有关资料显示，在美国《财富》杂志评选的世界500强企业中，75%以上的企业都聘请有EAP专业公司为自己企业的管理者和员工服务。第三种是组合模式。这种模式是将内部与外部模式联合起来，部分职责由内部EAP人员完成，其它职责由签约外部EAP专业人士完成。这种模式的优点是能够充分发挥企业内部和外部的联合优势。第四种模式是联合模式，即若干组织联合成立一个专门的EAP服务机构，由专职人员为这些组织的员工提供专业的服务，这种模式优点是可以最大限度地节省经费。
2、在针对工作压力源进行压力管理时，组织可采用哪些方法对工作进行再设计呢？
工作再设计简单来说也就是重新设计员工的工作，指重新确定所要完成的具体任务、方法，以及该工作如何与其他工作相互联系起来的过程。工作再设计的内容涉及员工工作的各个方面，包括工作任务、工作职责、工作关系、工作环境等。包括工作扩大化、工作丰富化、工作轮换及改变工作环境等方式。
3、个体可以通过哪些策略缓解压力？
个体可以从四个方面来进行：第一是针对压力源造成的问题本身去处理，主要从个人认知方面入手，提高认知性自我管理技能；第二是处理压力所造成的反应，提高应对性自我管理技能，包括时间管理、情绪管理等；第三是寻找压力缓解的社会途径，提高支持性自我管理技能；第四是提高保护性自我管理技能，主要包括静坐冥想、放松与体育训练、合理膳食等方面。
4、如何有效管理因组织变革导致的员工压力？
组织变革在安全感和技能方面给员工造成一定的压力，但不能因为员工不适应变革甚至是抑制变革就放弃对组织结构的优化和提升。所以要想顺利推行变革，同时又减轻员工的忧虑感，需要采取积极的措施。如何有效推动组织变革，并能使员工的压力处于合理范围，可以通过从组织变革的三个环节分别进行。一般来说，组织的变革会经历解冻现、移动到新状态、重新冻结新变革使之持久这三个环节（见图9-5）。组织可以在不同的环节采取不同的策略。
在第一阶段，组织压力管理的重点即创造变革的动力。让员工清醒认识到过去的均衡已不能满足组织发展需要，将员工注意力转移到变革的必要性上，而不是沉迷于过去的行为方式，同时是让员工减少对于变革和未来的恐惧，增加他们的变革信念。
在第二阶段管理的重点即指明改变的方向，实施变革，使员工形成新的态度和行为，创造一种未来愿景，综合考虑达成这一目标所需要的步骤。通过愿景激励员工，打消他们对变革结果的疑虑，减少不确定感；需要让员工明确成功变革应该具备的态度和行为，让他们真正参与到变革中来，将压力化为前进的动力。
第三阶段的重点是把组织稳定在一个新的均衡状态，保证新的工作方式不会轻易改变。让员工能够检验自己和他人对于变革的态度和行为，同时组织要对员工的变革成果持肯定态度，让他们感受到自己的作用，增强对变革的信心，可以从员工中选择标杆实施奖励。
（一）、单项选择题
1、关于危机，下列表述错误的是（A）
A危机是从企业的角度来定义的 B危机在爆发之前征兆通常不明显
C危机大多是在很短的时间爆发的 D危机的成因往往很复杂
2、那些直接或间接受到危机影响，并遭受实际损失的人是（B）
A公众 B危机受害者 C危机处理者 D危机客体
3、危机预警的核心就是要建立一个完善有效的（A）
A危机预警信息系统 B信息发布系统 C信息监测系统 D信息控制系统
4、危机事件突发期的管理叫做（B）
A危机预防 B危机预警 C危机控制 D危机恢复
5、危机事件持续期的管理叫做（C）
A危机预防 B危机预警 C危机控制 D危机恢复
6、管理者应当在危机的（D）承担危机各个阶段的决策、领导和控制职责。
A危机预警阶段 B危机控制阶段 C危机善后阶段 D危机所有阶段
7、下列不属于危机基本特征的是（C）。
A突发性 B不确定性 C社会性 D不可转化性
8、突发事件最基层的行政责任主体是（B）。
A乡镇人民政府 B县级人民政府 C市级人民政府 D省级人民政府
9、政府采取危机应对措施必须有宪法上的授权，并且政府启动危机管理机制必须有法律上的明确规定。这即告诉我们，政府在危机应对中应当遵循（A）。
A合法性原则 B合理性原则 C责任原则 D时效原则
10、下列关于危机决策的表述，不正确的是（A）。
A危机决策往往是在条件充分的情景下做出的B危机决策往往是在信息不对称的情景下做出的C危机决策往往是在时间不充裕的情景下做出的D危机决策往往是在后果不确定的情景下做出的（二）、判断题
1、危机爆发时间的不确定性、状态的不确定性、影响的不确定性和危机回应的不确定性等。Y
2、危机的爆发是不可避免的。N
3、危机管理者的直接任务是收集、分析和传播信息。Y
4、危机管理的基础工作不包括危机风险识别。N
5、危机既包含着危险，也包含着机遇。Y
6、危机通常遵循一个特定的生命周期。Y
7、在公共危机管理中，政府是唯一的主体，其他社会组织和成员只能被置于被动的配合与执行地位。N
8、对于因采取危机措施的需要而给公民的财产和权利造成损失的，事后不需要补偿。N
9、危机管理中统一的指挥体制可以节约管理成本。Y
10、危机处理过程中为了减少群众的恐慌，应当有选择的公开信息。N
第五篇：葡萄沟练习题及答案
《葡萄沟》
一、抄抄写写
葡 萄 沟 杏 子 山 坡 梯 田 秋 季 吃 个 够 淡 绿 好 客 留 着 茂 密
二、在下面红色字的正确读音上画“√”
1．吐鲁番的葡萄很好（hǎo hào）吃。
2.维吾尔族老乡热情好（hǎo hào）客。
3．葡萄里的水分（fēn fèn）蒸发掉，就成了葡萄干。
4．吐鲁番的葡萄干十分（fēn fèn）有名。
三、比一比，组词
弟（）各（）皮（）淡（）够（）沟（）梯（）客（）坡（）毯（）狗（）钩（）
四、读拼音，扩词
jì jié yǔ jì chūn jì
1．季（）（）（）
liú shén liú niàn liú xué
2．留（）（）（）
五、读一读，记一记
木子——李（lǐ）上口下木——呆（dāi）禾子——季（jì）上木下口——杏（xìnɡ）
六、在（）里填上合适的词，把句子写具体
1．葡萄干有名。
（）的葡萄萄干（）有名。
2．葡萄挂在绿叶底下。
（）的葡萄挂在绿叶底下。
3．维吾尔族老乡摘下葡萄。
（）的维吾尔族老乡摘下（）的葡萄。
七、填空，再说说下面哪句话讲了这段话的意思，在（）“√”
新疆吐鲁番有个地方叫葡萄沟。那里出产（）。五月有（），七八月有（）、（）、（），到九十月份，人们最（）的（）成熟了。
1．吐鲁番的葡萄人们最喜欢。（）
2．吐鲁番的葡萄沟出产各种水果。（）
3．吐鲁番的葡萄沟出产水果和人们最喜欢的葡萄。（）
参考答案
二、1．hǎo
2.hào
3.fèn
4.fēn
三、弟弟 梯田 各种 客人 皮球 山坡 淡绿色 地毯 够用 小狗 山沟 鱼钩
四、季节 雨季 春季 留神 留念 留学
六、1．颜色鲜，味道甜 非常 2.一大串一大串 3.热情好客 最甜
七、水果 杏子 香梨 蜜桃 沙果 喜爱 葡萄 2．（√）
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