新标准英语八年级上2b-2d复习资料

第一篇：新标准英语八年级上2b-2d复习资料

UNIT 1 Rick: Hi, Helen.Long time no see.Helen: Hi, Rick.Yes, I was on vacation last month.Rick: Oh, did you go anywhere interesting? Helen: Yes, I went to Guizhou with my family.Rick: Wow!Did you see Huangguoshu Waterfall? Helen: Yes, I did.It was wonderful.We took quite a few photos there.What about you? Did you do anything special last month? Rick: Not really.I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.Monday, July 15th I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.My sister and I tried paragliding.I felt like I was a bird.It was so exciting.For lunch, we had something very special--Malaysian yellow noodles.They were delicious!In the afternoon, we rode bicycles to Georgetown.There are a lot of new buildings now, but many of the old buildings are still there.In Weld Quay, a really old place in Georgetown, we saw the houses of the Chinese traders from 100 years ago.I wonder what life was like here in the past.I really enjoyed walking around the town.Tuesday, July 16th What a difference a day makes!My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today.We wanted to walk up to the top, but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.When we got to the top, it was raining really hard.We didn‘t have an umbrella so we were wet and cold.It was terrible!

And because of the bad weather, we couldn‘t see anything below.My father didn‘t bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish.The food tasted great because I was so hungry!

UNIT2 Jack: Hi, Claire, are you free next week?Claire: Hmm...next week is quite full for me, Jack.Jack: Really? How come?Claire: I have dance and piano lessons.Jack: What kind of dance are you learning?Claire: Oh, swing dance.It‗s fun!I have class once a week, every Monday.Jack: How often do you have piano lessons?Claire: Twice a week, on Wednesday and Friday.Jack: Well, how about Tuesday?Claire: Oh, I have to play tennis with my friends.But do you want to come?Jack: Sure!

What Do No.5 High School Students Do in Their Free Time? Last month we asked our students about their free time activities.Our questions were about exercise, use of the Internet and watching TV.Here are the results.We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.Forty-five percent exercise four to six times a week.Twenty percent exercise only one to three times a week.And twenty percent do not exercise at all!We all know that my students often go online, but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day.The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week.Most students use it for fun and not for homework.The answer to our questions about watching television were also interesting.Only two percent of the students watch TV one to these three times a week.Thirteen percent watch TV four to six times a week.And eighty-five percent watch TV every day!Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.It is healthy for the mind and the body.Exercise such as playing sports is fun, and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.And remember, ―old habits die hard‖.So start exercising before it‘s too late.UNIT3 Julie: Did you like the singing competition yesterday, Anna?Anna: Oh, it was fantastic!Nelly sang so well!Julie: Well, I think Lisa sang better than Nelly.Anna: Oh, which one was Lisa?Julie: The one with shorter hair.I think she sang more clearly than Nelly.Anna: Yes,but Nely danced better than Lisa.Julie: You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win ,though.Anna: Well, everyone wants to win.But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.Jeff Green: My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.I‘m quieter and more serious than most kids.That‘s why I like reading books and I study harder in class.Mt best friend Yuan Li is quiet too, so we enjoy studying together.I‘m shy so it‘s not easy for me to make friends.But I think friends are like books – you don‘t need a lot of them as long as they‘re good.Huang Lei: It‘s not necessary to be the same.My best friend Larry is quite different from me.He is taller and more outgoing than me.We both like sports, but he plays tennis better, so he always wins.However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me.So I‘m getting better at tennis.Larry is much less hard-working, though.I always get better grades than he dose, so maybe I should help him more.Mary Smith: I don‘t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.My favorite saying is,‖ A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.‖ My best friend Carol is really kind and very funny.In fact, she‘s funnier than anyone I know.I broke my arm last year but she made me laugh and feel better.We can talk about and share everything.I know she cares about me because she‘s always there to listen.UNIT4 Greg: Hi, I‘m Greg.I‘m new in town.Helen: Hi, I‘m Helen.Welcome to the neighborhood!How do you like it so far? Greg: It‘s fantastic, but I still don‘t really know my way around.Helen: Well, the best supermarket is on Center Street.You can buy the freshest food there.Greg: Oh, great.Is there a cinema around here? I love watching movies.Helen: Yes, Sun Cinema is the newest one.You can sit the most comfortably because they have the biggest seats.Greg: Thanks for telling me.Helen: No problem.Who‘s Got Talent?

Everyone is good at something, but some people are truly talented.It‘s always interesting to watch other people show their talents.Talent shows are getting more and more popular.First, there were shows like American Idol and America‘s Got Talent.Now, there are similar shows around the world, such as China‘s Got Talent.All these shows have one thing in common: They try to look for the best singers, the most talented dancers, the most exciting magicians, the funniest actors and so on.All kinds of people join these shows.But who can play the piano the best or sing the most beautifully? That‘s up to you to decide.When people watch the show, they usually play a role in deciding the winner.And the winner always gets a very good prize.However, not everybody enjoys watching the shows.Some think that the lives of the performers are made up.For example, some people say they are poor farmers, but in fact they are just actors.However, if you don‘t take these shows too seriously, they are fun to watch.And one great thing about them is that they give people a way to make their dreams come true.UNIT5 Grace: What did you do in class today,Sarah? Sarah: We had a discussion about TV shows.My classmates like game shows and sports shows.Grace: Oh, I can‘t stand them.I live soap opera.I like to follow the story and see what happens next.Sarah: Well, I don‘t mind soap opera.But my favorite TV shows are the news and talk shows.Grace: They may not be very exciting, but you can expect to learn a lot from them.I hope to be a TV reporter one day.When people say ―culture‖, we think of art and history.But one very famous symbol in American culture is a cartoon.We all know and love the black mouse with two large round ears—Mickey Mouse.Over 80 years ago, he first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Willie.When this cartoon came out in New York on November 18, 1928, it was the first cartoon with sound and music.The man behind Mickey was Walt Disney.He became very rich and successful.In the 1930s, he made 87 cartoons with Mickey.Some people might ask how this cartoon animal became so popular.One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger.In his early films, Mickey was unlucky and had many problems such as losing his mouse or girl friend, Minnie.However, he was always ready to try his best.People went to the cinema to see the ―little man ‖win.Most of them wanted to be like Mickey.On November 18, 1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.Today‘s cartoons are usually not so simple as little Mickey Mouse, but everyone still knows and loves him.Who has a pair of ears more famous than Mickey‘s? UNIT6 Andy：What are you reading，Ken? Ken：The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway.Andy：Wow，now I know why you're so good at writing stories.Ken：Yes，I want to be a writer.Andy：Really？How are you going to become a writer? Ken：Well，I'm going to keep on writing stories，of course.What do you want to be? Andy：My parents want me to be a doctor，but I'm not sure about that.Ken：Well，don't worry.Not everyone knows what they want to be.Just make sure you try your best.Then you can be anything you want!Andy：Yes，you're right.Do you know what a resolution is? It‘s a kind of promise.Most of the time, we make promises to other people.(―Mom, I promise I‘m going to tidy my room when I get back from school.‖)However, promise you make to yourself are resolutions, and the most common kind is New Year‘s resolutions.The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions.When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope that we are going to improve our lives.Some people write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year.This helps them to remember their resolutions.Others tell their family and friends about their wishes and plans.There are different kinds of resolutions.Some are about physical health.For example, some people promise themselves they are going to start an exercise program or eat less fast food.Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement.These are about making yourself a better person.Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos, or learn to play the guitar.Some resolutions have to do with better planning, like making a weekly plan for schoolwork.For example,a student may have to find more time to study.Although there are differences, most resolutions have one thing in common.People hardly ever keep them!The re are good reasons for this.Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.Sometimes people just forget about them.For this reason, some people say the best solution is to have no resolutions!How about you—will you make any next year?

UNIT7 Nick:What are you reading, Jill? Jill:It‘s book about the future.Nick:Sounds cool So what will the future be like ？Jill::Well,cities will be more crowded and polluted ,There will be fewer trees and the environment will be in great danger.Nick:That sounds bad!Will we have to move to other planets? Jill:Maybe, But i want to live on the earth.Nick:Me too,Then what can we do? Jill:We can use water and plant more trees ,Everyone should play a prat in saving the earth.1.When we watch movies about the future, we sometimes see robots.They are usually like human servants.They help with the housework and do jobs like working in dirty or dangerous places.2.Today there are already robots working in factories.Some can help to build cars, and they do simple jobs over and over again.Fewer people will do such jobs in the future because they are boring, but robots will never get bored.3.Scientists are now trying to make robots look like humans and do the same things as we do.Some robots in Japan can walk and dance.They are fun to watch.However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.For example, scientist James White thinks that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.But many scientists disagree with Mr.White.They think that robots will even be able to talk like humans in 25 to 50 years.4.Some scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future.However,they agree it may take hundreds of years.These new robots will have many different shapes.Some will look like humans,and others might look like animals.? In India,for example,scientists made robots can look like snakes.If buildings fall down with people inside,these snake robots can look for people under the buildings.This was not possible 20 years ago,but computers and rockets also seemed impossible 100 years ago.We never know what will happen in the future!UNIT8 Anna：Sam，I want to make Russian soup for a party on Saturday.Can you tell me how? Sam：Sure.First，buy some beef，one cabbage，four carrots，three potatoes，five tomatoes and one onion.Then，cut up the vegetables.Anna：What's next? Sam：Next，put the beef，carrots and potatoes into a pot and add some water.After that，cook them for 30 minutes.Then，add the cabbage，tomatoes and onion and cook for another 10 minutes.Anna：OK，that's it? Sam：No，one more thing.Finally，don't forget to add some salt.In most countries, people usually eat traditional food on special holidays.A special day in the United States is Thanksgiving.It is always on the fourth Thursday in November，and is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn.At this time, people also remember the first travelers from England who came to live in America about 400 years ago.These travelers had a long, hard winter, and many of them died.In the next autumn, they gave thanks for life and food in their new home.These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.The main dish of this meal is almost always turkey, a large bird.Making a turkey dinner(做火鸡的方法)Here is one way to make turkey for a Thanksgiving dinner.1.First, mix together some bread pieces, onions, salt and pepper.2.Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix.3.Then, put the turkey in a hot oven and cook it for a few hours.4.When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.5.Finally, cut the turkey into thin pieces and eat the meat with vegetables like carrots and potatoes.UNIT9 Jeff: Hey, Nick, can you come to my house on Saturday? My cousin Sam from Xi'an is going to be here.Nick: Oh, Sam!I remember we went bike riding together last fall when he visited you.Jeff:Yes, that's right.Nick: I'd love to come, but I'm afraid I can't.I have an exam on Monday so I must prepare for it.Jeff: That's really too bad!Oh, but Sam isn't leaving until next Wednesday.Can you hang out with us on Monday night?Nick: Sure!Catch you on Monday!

Hi David, What a great idea!I really like Ms.Steen a lot.She helped me to improve my English so much.I‘m sad to see her go, and this party is the best way to say ―Thank you and goodbye.‖ I can help to buy some of the food and drinks.I can help to bring MS.Steen to the party.I already have a great idea about how to do that.He Wei

Hi David,Thanks so much for planning this.I‘d love to come to the party, but I‘m not available.My family is taking a trip to Wuhan at the end of this month to visit my aunt and uncle.However, I‘d still be glad to help out with any of the party preparations, like planning the games.Let me know if you need my help.Jake

Dear classmates, As I‘m sure you know by now, our favorite teacher, Ms.Steen, is leaving soon to go back to the US.We‘re very sad that she‘s leaving because she is a fun teacher.To show how much we‘re going to miss her, let‘s have a surprise party for her next Friday the 28th!Can you come to the party? If so, can you help with any of these things? Please tell me by this Friday.(1)Buy food and drinks.(2)Think of games to play.(3)Prepare things we need for the games(glue, paper, pen,…).(4)Bring Ms.Steen to the play without telling so that she can be surprised.I look forward to hearing from you all.David UNIT10 Jeff: Hey, Ben.For the party next week，should we ask people to bring food? Ben::No, let‘s order food from a restaurant.If we ask people to bring food.they‘ll just bring potato chips and chocolate because the‘ll be too lazy to cook.Jeff: OK.For the games, do you think we should give people some small gifts if they win? Ben: I think that‘s a great idea!If we do that, more people will want to play the games.Jeff: Yes, the games will be more exciting, too.Students these days often have a lot of worries.Sometimes they have problems with their school-work, and sometimes with their friends.What can they do about this? Some people believe the worst thing is to do nothing.Laura Mills, a teenager from London, agrees.―Problems and worries are normal in life,‖ says Laura.―But I think talking to someone helps a lot.Unless we talk to someone, we‘ll certainly feel worse.‖

Laura once lost her wallet, and worried for days.She was afraid to tell her parents about it.She ever walked three miles to school each day because she didn‘t have any money.She just kept thinking, ―If I tell my parents, they‘ll be angry!In the end, she talked to her parents and they were really understanding.Her dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes himself.They got her a new wallet and asked her to be more careful..―I will always remember to share my problems in the future!‖ Laura says.Robert Hunt advises students about common problems.He feels the same way as Laura.―It is best not to run away from our problems.We should always try to solve them.‖ He thinks the first step is to find someone you trust to talk to.This person doesn‘t need to be an expert like himself.Students often forget that their parents have more experience, and are always there to help them.In English, we say that sharing a problem is like cutting it in half.So you‘re halfway to solving a problem just by talking to someone about it.!

第二篇：外研版新标准英语八年级(上)课文翻译 2013

课文翻译

Module 1

Unit 1 Let’s try to speak English as much as possible

Ms：欢迎大家回来！今天，我们要谈一下学习英语的好方法。准备好了吗？谁有一些建议吗？

Ling：我们在课堂上应当总是说英语。

Ms：好！让我们努力尽可能多地说英语吧。

Da：为什么不在我们的笔记本上写下错误呢？

Ms：那是一个好主意。不要忘了在错误的旁边写下正确的答案。还有吗？ Ling：每天大声地拼写和读出生单词是一个好主意。

Ms：多谢，玲玲。听收音机怎么样？

Da：是的，那对我们的发音也有好处。但是如此多的生单词。

Ms：你们没有必要懂得每一个单词。你们仅仅需要听关键词和大意。

Da：阅读也一样。英语故事是如此有趣。通过阅读我开始对世界了解了很多。

Ling：我想写作也重要。我们为什么不尽量找一些英语笔友呢？我们可以给他们写信。Ms：好极了！我赞同你们的意见。

Unit 2 You should smile at her!

很多学生寻求关于提高英语水平的建议。这里有三个基本的问题。

第一个是关于理解英语电影和歌曲的问题。湖北的李浩写道，“我喜欢看英语电影和听英语歌曲，但我仅仅能理解一点点。我该怎么做？”

看电影和听歌曲是很好的学英语的方法！看几次和听几次，并猜猜生单词的意思。每次你会学到一些新的东西。我也建议你与你的朋友们谈论电影或歌曲。

第二个是关于说的问题。吉林的王帆写到，“我们学校有一名来自美国的老师。我很害羞，不敢与她讲话。我该怎么办呢？”

你可以说：“嗨！你好吗？”“你喜欢中国吗？”这些都是展开谈话的好方法。在你开始之前，你应当对她微笑！记住这一点：不要害羞，只管去尝试。

第三个是关于词汇的问题。安徽的张磊写道，“我把生单词写下来，但是我很快就忘了。我怎样才能记住它们？”

不要担心。忘记生单词是正常的！我建议你每天把四到五个单词写在纸片上，并把它们放在你的房间里。当你看到这些单词时，就读出这些单词，并尽量去使用它们。

第三篇：八年级英语下册复习资料 Unit6

八年级英语下册复习资料

Module6

1.No one _______ us when we told them the truth.A.knewB.believedC.thoughtD.saw

2.---_______?--Yes, that’s what I saw.A.Is that itB.What did you seeC.Do you like itD.What is it

3.I can’t work________ him any longer!He is so careless.A.forB.toC.withD.because

4.What_______is the best________these programmes?

A.you think, betweenB.you think, amongC.do you think, between

D.do you think, among

5.He likes reading books_______Lu Xun because he thinks all of Lu Xun’s works are excellent.A.onB.aboutC.forD.by

6.They said he could________ very well.A.played the violinB.play the violinC.played violinD.play violin

7.I _______ the start of the exam because my bus was late.A.lostB.missedC.was late forD.lose

8.The teacher asked the students to talk about it________.A.among themselvesB.each otherC.each anotherD.to another

9.His face looked_______.What’s wrong?

A.happyB.worriedC.worryD.badly

10.They live together happily----this is______ the film.A.end ofB.the end ofC.end withD.the end with

11.Here_______ some presents for you, Kate.A.isB.areC.amD.be

12.The programmes are________ this month.A.showB.actC.onD.play

13.The two actors make the characters_________.A.believableB.believeC.believedD.to believe

14.There is a lot of________ in the film.A.actB.actsC.actionsD.action

15._______ he is poor, _______ he lives very happily.A.because, soB.although, butC.although, butD.although，16.I_______.What did you say just now?

A.beg your pardonsB.ask your pardonsC.beg your pardonD.ask your pardon

17.You ‘re the winter.I’m _______ of you, my boy.A.happyB.sorryC.proudD.thankful

18.Doing morning exercise is good _______ your health.A.atB.toC.withD.for

19.There are ______books in our school library.A.plenty ofB.a lot ofC.plentyD.a plenty of

20.She is_______ in English.A.interestingB.interestC.interestedD.interests

第四篇：八年级英语下册复习资料 Unit9

八年级英语下册复习资料

Module9

1.I know he avoids______me.A.meetingB.to meetC.meetD.met

2.It is brave________ him to save the girl from the fire.A.forB.toC.withD.of

3.What’s your excuse__________?

A.to do itB.of itC.for doing itD.with it

4.Turn on the light________I can see clearly.A.such thatB.so thatC.suchD.that

5.Did anything________ when I was away?

A.come upB.come upC.come upD.come down

6.Norman Bethune is one of _______ most famous heroes.A.ChineseB.ChinaC.China’sD.Chinese’s

7.The doctor will operate_______ the patient tomorrow.A.atB.forC.onD.8.The farmer_______ a new machine.A.foundB.found outC.discoveredD.invented

9._______,we won the football match.A.At the endB.In the endC.In endD.By the end

10.They saw many dogs________in the street without their owners when they crossed the road.A.walkB.walkingC.to walkD.walked

11.He left the hospital witout________his coat.A.talkingB.takeC.tookD.taken

12.It’s a very bad manner to spit________ public.A.atB.inC.in front ofD.before

13.He leaves the office late to ________the heavy traffic.A.protectB.avoidC.keep awayD.be far from

14.I will introduce________first.A.meB.IC.usD.myself

15.We_______ home at last after a long way.A.returned toB.returnedC.got toD.got back to

16.It was snowing hard________ we had to stay at home and watch TV.A.so thatB.soC.butD.because

17.I decide to buy book about Chinese history for our foreign teacher________ he is interested in Chinese culture.A.whenB.becauseC.untilD.if

18.Kate works hard, _______ she does quite well in her studies.A.soB.ifC.butD.because

19.He missed the train this morning_______ he got up late.A.orB.ifC.butD.because.20.Hegets up early_______he can do exercise every morning.A.so thatB.becauseC.in order toD.but

第五篇：八年级上中国近代史复习资料

中国近代史1840年至1949年

1840年至1919年为旧民主主义时期；1919年至1949年新民主主义时期

1、派林则徐到广州禁烟的清朝皇帝是道光帝。1839年6月，林则徐下令在虎门销毁鸦片，这次运动的意义是：虎门销烟是中国禁烟斗争的重大胜利，它打击了外国侵略者的气焰，表明了中国人民维护民族尊严的决心。

2、鸦片战争爆发于1840年，1842年签订的中英《南京条约》是中国近代史上第一个不平等的条约，鸦片战争是中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会（危害性）。

3、第二次鸦片战争期间（1856-1860），英法联军火烧圆明园（1860年）；割占中国领土最多的国家是俄国；太平军抗击了美国人华尔的洋枪队。4、1878年，左宗棠收复新疆。清政府设置伊犁将军，统辖整个新疆的军政事务，加强了对西北地区的统治；1884年，清政府设立新疆行省。5、1894年中日甲午战争爆发，于1895年中日签订《马关条约》，战争中在黄海战役中牺牲的致远舰管带是邓世昌。大大加深了中国半殖民地半封建社会的程度（危害性）。6、1900年，八国联军英、俄、日、法、德、美、意、奥侵略中国，于1901年签订《辛丑条约》，使中国完全沦为半殖民地半封建社会。（危害性）

7、为了巩固清朝的统治，19世纪60年代，洋务派以自强（前期）为目标，创办军事企业，著名的有安庆内军械所、江南制造总局、福州船政局；70年代又以求富（后期）为目标创办民用企业，著名的有轮船招商局、开平矿务局，还有张之洞创办的汉阳铁厂是当时亚洲最大的钢铁厂，这些企业具有资产阶级性质。

8、洋务派的代表人物：奕、曾国藩、李鸿章、左宗棠、张之洞。9、1898年6月，光绪帝发布变法政令，称戊戌变法。揭开维新变法运动序幕的事件是“公车上书”；代表人物有康有为、梁启超、谭嗣同等。9月21日慈禧太后发动政变（即戊戌政变），囚禁了光绪帝，这次变法只维持了103天，史称百日维新。10、1894年，孙中山成立革命团体兴中会，提出了振兴中华口号，它的成立标志着中国资产阶级革命派的形成。1905年在孙中山、黄兴的推动下，中国同盟会在日本东京成立，它的纲领是驱除鞑虏、恢复中华、创立民国、平均地权；孙中山领导民主革命的指导思想是三民主义（民族、民权、民生）；中国同盟会的性质是第一个全国规模的统一的资产阶级革命政党。（1912年宋教仁把同盟会改组为国民党）11、1911年10月10日，武昌起义爆发，这一年是农历辛亥年，历史上称这次为辛亥革命，领导者孙中山。12、1912年1月1日，孙中山在南京就职宣告中华民国成立，任临时大总统；1912年春，又颁布《中华民国临时约法》，具有资产阶级共和国宪法性质；1912年4月，临时大总统孙中山正式解职，临时政府迁到北京辛亥革命成果被袁世凯窃取。13、1905年，詹天佑主持修建京张铁路，这是中国人自己设计的第一条铁路干线。魏源是鸦片战争时期的思想家，他编成《海国图志》，提出“师夷长技以制夷”的思想。严复是中国资产阶级启蒙思想家，他译述的《天演论》，提出了物竞天择、适者生存的观点，京师大学堂是中国近代兴办的最早国立大学，是今北京大学的前身，1905年，清政府制订新学制，普遍兴办学校，宣布废除科举制。14、1915年，陈独秀、李大钊等以《新青年》杂志为主要阵地，发起了一场反封建的 新文化运动，高举民主和科学两大旗帜；李大钊是中国传播马克思主义的先驱。

15、由于中国在巴黎和会上的外交失败，于1919年爆发五四运动，地点首先在北京，主力是学生；6月3日，运动的中心由北京转到上海，运动的主力是无产阶级。五四运动要求惩办卖国贼曹汝霖等。中方代表拒绝在和约上签字。16、1921年7月在上海召开的中共一大通过了在中国建立无产阶级专制，实现共产主义的纲领，确定党的名称为中国共产党，大会选举陈独秀为中央局书记。党成立后的中心任务是组织工会领导工人运动。17、1924年，中国国民党一大在广州召开；确立了新三民主义（联俄、联共、扶助农工）。大会同意共产党员以个人身份加入国民党。国民党一大的召开，标志着国共两党第一次合作实现。18、1924年，中国国民党在苏联的帮助下，孙中山在广州黄埔建立了黄埔军校，周恩来任军校政治部主任。

19、为打倒帝国主义侵华势力，推翻封建军阀的统治，把国民革命推向全国。1926年，开始北伐，北伐的对象：吴佩孚、孙传芳、张作霖；北伐的主要战场是湖南、湖北，北伐军从珠江流域打到长江流域。20、1928年8月1日，南昌起义爆发，打响了武装反抗国民党反动统治的第一枪。1928年，毛泽东建立的井冈山革命根据地，是中国共产党领导的第一个农村革命根据地。1928年4月，朱德、陈毅率领部队来到井冈山与毛泽东领导的部队会师，成立了中国工农红军第四军，朱德任军长，毛泽东任党代表。21、1934年10月红军开始长征；1935年1月召开的遵义会议成为长征的转折点；1936年10月红一方面军、红二方面军、红四方面军这三大主力红军在甘肃的会宁胜利会师，标志着红军长征胜利结束。22、1931年日本以“柳条湖事件”为借口，发动侵略中国的九一八事变。中国局部抗战开始。

23、西安事变的发动者张学良、杨虎城，在中国共产党的帮助下接受了停止内战，一致抗日的主张。1936年12月蒋介石亲赴西安强令东北军，西北军进攻红军。西安事变爆发后中国共产党主张和平解决，中共派周恩来赴西安谈判。西安事变的和平解决标志着十年内战的基本结束，抗日民族统一战线的初步形成。24、1937年7月7日，日军制造了卢沟桥事变（七七事变），标志着抗日战争全面爆发；12月日军攻陷南京，屠杀中国军们30多万，南京大屠杀是人类文明史上的奇耻大辱，是日寇在华犯下的滔天罪行。25、1938年日军进攻徐州，李宗仁指挥台儿庄战役，取得了抗战以来正面战场的最大胜利。1940年，彭德怀在华北指挥的百团大战，是抗日战争中中国军队主动出击日军的规模最大的战役。打败了日军在华北的气焰，増强了华北军民的抗日信心。26、1945年4-6月，中国共产党在延安召开了中共七大，大会决定把毛泽东思想确定为全党的指导思想。1945年8月美国在日本广岛和长崎各投一颗原子弹，苏联也对日作战。1945年8月15日，日本宣布无条件投降，9月2日举行投降签字仪式，抗日战争最终结束。27、1945年8月28日，毛泽东不顾个人安危和周恩来，王若飞到重庆谈判。10月10日国共两党签署了《双十协定》。

28、1946年6月，国民党发动全面内战。1947年，彭德怀指挥西北解放军采用蘑菇战术，先后取得了青化砭、羊马河、蟠龙、沙家店战役的胜利。粉碎了敌人对陕北的重点进攻。29、1947年夏，刘伯承、邓小平指挥晋、冀、鲁、豫解放军挺进大别山，揭开了战略反攻的序幕。30、1948年9月，东北解放军在林彪、罗荣桓的领导下，以沈阳为中心，发动了辽沈战役；在刘伯承、陈毅、邓小平、粟裕、谭震林的指挥下，华东解放军和中原解放军以徐州为中心举行了淮海战役，共歼敌55.5万，淮海战役为解放长江以南各省创造了条件；1949年1月聂荣臻指挥了平津战役，北平和平解放。31、1949年4月21日，人民解放军开始了渡江战役。4月23日，人民解放军解放南京，标志着统治中国22年的国民党政权垮台。

问答：

1、中英《南京条约》签定的时间及其附件的内容和对中国社会的危害？时间：1842年；内容：中国割让香港岛给英国，赔款2100万元；开放广州、厦门、福州、宁波、上海五处为通商口岸；英商应交的税款中国须同英国商定。危害：中国开始沦为半殖民地、半封建社会。

2、鸦片战争对中国社会的影响？鸦片战争使中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会。中国社会的主要矛盾由农民阶级和地主阶级的矛盾变为了外国资本主义和中华民族的矛盾、封建主义和人民大众的矛盾，而外国资本主义和中华民族的矛盾成为最主要的矛盾。中国人民开始了既反对外国资本主义的侵略又反对本国封建统治的斗争，中国革命进入旧民主主义时期，鸦片战争标志着中国近代史的开端。

3、洋务运动的历史意义：洋务运动引进了西方的科学技术，创办了近代企业，培养了一批科技人才，对中国资本主义的发展具有一定的促进作用。它启动了中国社会的近代化，在一定程度上抑制了外国经济势力的扩张，但它没有从根本上触动封建制度，成效不大，没有使中国富起来。

4、中日《马关条约》签订的时间、内容、危害。时间：1895年。内容：中国割让辽东半岛、台湾和澎湖列岛给日本，赔偿日本白银2亿两；增开沙市、重庆、苏州、杭州4个通商口岸；日本人可在通商岸设立工厂。危害：给中国人民带来了灾难，大加深了中国半殖民地化的程度。

5、戊戌变法的时间、领导者、性质、意义。1898年康有为、梁启超领导的戊戌变法，既是一场救亡图存的政治变革，又是一次思想启蒙运动。它有利于中国资本主义的发展和社会的进步，它的失败表明，资产阶级改良道路在半殖民地半封建社会的中国行不通。

6、《辛丑条约》签订的时间、内容、危害。1901年签订；内容：中国向各国赔白银4.5亿两，拆北京至大沽的炮台。准许各国派兵驻守北京至山海关铁路沿线要地。划定北京东交民巷为使馆界，不许中国人居住，由各国派兵保护，清政府保证严禁人民参加反帝活动。危害：使清政府置于列强的控制之下，中国完全沦为半殖民地半封建社会。

7、辛亥革命的历史意义。辛亥革命是一次伟大的反帝反封建的资产阶级民主革命，它不仅推翻了清朝的统治，也结束了两千多年的封建帝制，资产阶级共和国的旗帜在中国上空飘扬，有利于中国资本主义的发展和社会的进步；民主共和的观念深入人心。

8、新文化运动的内容和意义。内容：提倡民主，反对专制；提倡科学，反对迷信；提倡新道德反对旧道德；提倡新文学，反对旧文学。意义：新文化运动是一场思想解放运动，特别是马克思主义的传播，为中国人民的革命斗争指明了新方向。

9、五四运动是一次伟大的爱国运动。运动中，无产阶级开始登上政治舞台，五四运动以彻底的不妥协的反帝反封建的姿态出现。并取得一定的胜利成果，它扩大了马克思主义的传播，促进了马克思主义与中国工人运动的结合。五四运动标志着中国新民主主义革命的开端。

10、中国共产党何时、何地成立？性质？成立的意义是什么？答：1921年在上海成立。性质：中国共产党是完全新型的，以马克思主义为行动指南的无产阶级政党。意义：中国共产党的成立是开天辟地的大事，自从有了中国共产党，中国革命的面貌就焕然一新了。

11、遵义会议的主要內容是什么？有何历史意义？时间:1935年;内容：遵义会议批评了博古等人在军事上的错误，肯定了毛泽东指挥红军作战的基本原则；改组了中央领导机构，增选毛泽东为政治局常委。意义：确立了以毛泽东为代表的党中央的正确领导，成为党和中国革命历史上生死攸关的转折点。

12、红军长征起止时间？长征胜利有何意义？起止时间：1934-1936年。意义：红军长征是历史上前所未有的壮举。长征的胜利，保存了中国共产党和红军的基干力量，使中国革命转危为安，为开创中国革命新局面奠定了基础。

13、简述九一八事变。1931年9月18日，日军在沈阳城北的柳条湖村，蓄意炸毁了南满铁路的一段路轨，诬陷是中国军队破坏。日军以此为借口，想东北军驻地和沈阳城发动进攻，并在第二天占领，这就是九一八事变。

14、什么是西安事变？它是怎样解决的？这种解决办法有何意义？张学良、杨虎城在劝蒋介石联共抗日，遭到训斥后，为逼蒋抗日，于1936年12月12日扣押了蒋介石，通电全国，提出停止内战等主张。这就是西安事变。事变发生后，形势复杂。中国共产党以民族利益为重，主张和平解决西安事变，应邀派周恩来等到西安参加谈判。经多方努力，蒋介石被迫答应“停止剿共，联共抗日”，西安事变和平解决。意义：标志着十年内战基本结束和抗日民族统一战线初步形成。

15、中国共产党七大的主要内容是什么？有何历史意义？内容：1945年召开的中共七大制定了党的政治路线：放手发动群众，壮大中民力量，在中国共产党的领导下，打败日本侵略者，解放全国人民，建立一个新民主主义的中国。通过的新党章明确规定毛泽东思想为党的指导思想。意义：指明了抗战胜利后中国的光明前途，为争取抗日战争的最后胜利和新民主主义革命的胜利奠了基础。

16、(1945年)抗日战争的胜利有何历史意义？抗日战争是鸦片战争以来，中国人民第一次取得完全胜利的民族解放战争。它洗雪了民族耻辱，成为中华民族由衰败到振兴的转折点。中国的抗日战争，对彻底打败日本帝国主义具有决定性的作用，为世界反法西斯战争的胜利和人类文明的进步，做出了重大贡献。

17、中国人民解放军与国民党军队展开主力决战进行了哪三大战役？有何重大意义？三大战役：辽沈战役、淮海战役、平津战役。意义：三大战役共歼敌154万余人，基本上消灭了国民党军队的主力，奠定了人民解放战争在全国胜利的基础。

18、中国新民主主义革命胜利的历史意义：中华人民共和国的诞生，标志着中国新民主

主义革命的伟大胜利；结束了中国百年来任人宰割的屈辱历史，国家赢得了独立，人民当家作了主人；中国历史从此进入了由新民主主义向社会主义的过渡时期。

线索：

1、中国半殖民地半封建社会逐渐形成的过程

（1）开始：鸦片战争与《南京条约》等的签订

（2）加深：第二次鸦片战争和条约的签订

（3）大大加深：甲午中日战争与《马关条约》

（4）完全沦为：八国联军侵华和《辛丑条约》

2、列强发动的侵略战争

鸦片战争（1840—1842年）；第二次鸦片战争（1856—1860年）；中日甲午战争（1894—1895年）；八国联军侵华战争（1900—1901年）；日本侵华战争（1931—1945年）

3、近代化的探索

（1）学科学技术：洋务运动

（2）学政治制度：戊戌变法（君主立宪制）；辛亥革命（民主共和）（3）学思想文化：新文化运动（民主、科学；马克思主义）

4、国共合作内战

（1）北伐战争：第一次国共合作，共同领导国民革命运动

（2）十年内战：第一次国共合作破裂，南昌起义，蒋介石“围剿”，红军长征，西安事变

和平解决，初步形成

（3）抗日战争：国共第二次合作，共同领导抗日战争