2012年医学考博英语完填空试题及答案

第一篇：2012年医学考博英语完填空试题及答案

2012年医学考博英语完填空试题及答案

Part llI Cloze(10%)

Directions: in this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank, there are four choices marked a, b, c, and d list on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet.Robert Spring, a 19th century forger, was so good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans.Spring was born in England in 1813 and ___1_____ in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore.At first he prospered by selling his small but ______2____ collection of early U.S.autographs.Discovering his ability at copying hand-writing，he began ____3____ signatures of George Washington and Ben Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books.To lesson the chance of detection, he sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale and___4____.Forgers have a hard time selling their produces.A forger can't approach a ___ 5 ____buyer must deal with people who don't have much knowledge in the field.Forgers have many ways to make their work look real.For example, they buy old books to use the_____6___paper of the title page, and they can treat paper and ink with chemicals.In Spring's time,___7______ after the Civil War, Britain was still fond of the Southern state, so Spring ____ 8_____ a respectable maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of General“ Stonewall” Jackson.For several years Miss Fanny's ____9 ____ problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and manuscripts belonging to her famous father.Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand.All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty, leaving sharp-eyed experts the difficult task of separating his forgeries from the__10_____.1.A.arrived

B.migrated

C.traveled

D.moved 2.A.excellent

B.genuine

C.false

D.rare 3.A.originating

B.innovating

C.designing

D.imitating 4.A.subscription

B.retention

C.circulation

D.accumulation 5.A.respectful

B.respectable

C.respective

D.respecting 6.A.rough

B.fragile

C.aged

D.preserved 7.A.right

B.simply

C.only

D.mate 8.A.invented

B.discovered

C.detected

D.located 9.A.lawful

B.financial

C.administrative D.criminal 10.A.fakes

B.realities

C.originals

D.duplicates

参考答案 1~5 BDDBB 6~10 BBABC

2013年考博英语词汇复习：http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/kaobo_yingyu_cihui.html 2013年考博英语备考指导：http:// 考博英语真题汇总：http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/kaobo_zhenti.html

第二篇：医学英语考博作文词汇归纳

★医学英语考博作文词汇归纳★

（一）医疗、医院、医生、医生

① doctor medical worker

② physician 内科医生

③ surgeon 外科医生

④ doctor in charge 主治医生

⑤ intern 实习医生

⑥ resident doctor 住院医生、医院

① hospital The specialized hospital 专科医院

The general hospital 普通医院

The community hospital 社区医院

The public hospital 公立医院

The private hospital 私立医院

② clinc 门诊

Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊

③ ward 病房

④ medical team 医疗队医疗手段

① drug therapy 药物治疗

② medical treatment 医疗

③ medical instruments 医疗器械

④ diagnose(v)诊断(n)diagnosis

⑤ prevent(v)预防

⑥ sterilize(v)消毒 |

⑦ administrate a drug 给药

⑧ prevent and treat disease(v)预防和治疗疾病

⑨ TCM 中医

⑩ chemotherapy 化疗

(11)medical service 医疗服务

(12)complain of(v)主述

(13)health checkup 健康普查

(14)diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗

(15)consult the doctor(v)咨询;4、医疗体制

（1）healthcare system 医疗体制

（2）medical disputes 医疗纠纷

（3）medical accident 医疗事故

（4）the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系

（5）medical insurance system 医疗保险体系

（6）medical aid fund 医疗救助基金、医德

（1）medical ethics 医德

（2）patient-oriented 以病人为核心

（3）humanistic 人道主义的（4）compassionate 富于同情性的（5）considerate 体贴周到的（6）resolute 果断的

（7）service quality 服务质量

（8）to give top priority to the lives and health of people 6、病人

（1）patient（2）the sick（3）the invalid(4)sufferer

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类

（二）必知疾病名称、患病的表达方式

⑪ suffer from(v)(2)contract（v）

(3)people with some disease 患病人群

(4)the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人、必知疾病名称

heart disease 心脏病

hypertension 高血压

kidney problem 肾病

stroke 休克

the blood pressure 血压

diabetes 糖尿病

obesity 肥胖

terminal illness 绝症

incurable illness 不治之症

cancer 癌症

tumor 肿瘤

cancer of early stage 癌症晚期

emergency case 急症

servious illness 重症

the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病

short breath 短气

syndrome 综合症

complications 并发症

process 病程

bone loss 骨质疏松

short-sighted（adj）近视、其他相关词汇

outbreak and spending break out(v)疾病的爆发

spread(v)疾病的扩散

the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率

taboo 禁忌

speed up blood circulation(v)improve the cardiac functions(v)side effects 副反应

complain of 主述、传染病专题

(1)感染源

virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介（2）传染疾病

some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫

influenza（简）flu 流感

infection contagion 传染病

infectious diseases 传染病

AIDS 艾滋病

SARS(3)传染

epidemic(a)流行的，传染的block the chanel(v)disseminate 传播

cross infection 交叉感染、疾病名称

illness sickness disease ailment suffering 6、疾病的转归（1）疾病的恢复

recover recovery recuperate resume recruit reinstate(2)疾病的恶化

deteriorate aggravate exasperate make worse worsen

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类

（三）药物、药物名称

medicine drug remedy medicinal herbs power tablet pill 2、相关词汇

drug therapy 药物治疗

side effects 副反应

drug abuse 药物滥用

drugstore 药房

over the counter 非处方药

drug allergy 药物过敏

drug poisoning 药物中毒 prescription 处方

expenses for medicine 药费

charges for medicine drug rebate 药品回扣、药物用法

开药 : prescribe some medicine for some diseases write out a proscription

服药

take a medicine

治„的疾病

a remedy for some diseases

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(四)

心理疾病

1、心理学专业词汇

subhealth 亚健康

psychological benefits 心理健康

psychological problem 心理问题

psychological consultation 心理咨询

psychological obstacles 心理障碍

mental obstacles 心理障碍

psychological massage 心理按摩

psychology 心理学/ 心理

psychotherapy 心理治疗

psychological expert 心理专家、相关词汇

questionnaire 3、情绪词汇

overcome disappoint disappointed shy , flush frustration failure willpower optimism optimistical be sensitive to nervous tensional sad agony pessimism pessimistic confident confidence stress pressure depress depressed depression depressive 4、疲劳相关词汇

fatigue tire(v)weariness(n)tired(a)exhausted(a)fatigued(a)weary

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(五)

肥胖与营养

1、营养物质

nutrient 营养素

protein 蛋白质

fat 脂肪

glucose 葡萄糖

vitamin 维生素

sugar 糖类

heat calories quantity of heat 热量

carbohydrate 碳水化合物

soft drink beverage 软饮料 cholesterol胆固醇、营养与饮食

a well-balanced diet nutrition 营养

nutritional 营养的nutritious 有营养的nutritionist 营养学家

malnutrition 营养失调

metabolism 物质代谢

fat free food the prepared food 熟食

grain 谷物

food shortages 食品短缺

lack of food breakfast lunch supper 一日三餐

imbalance(n)unbalance(a)失衡、营养失衡相关疾病

stroke;obesity hypertension diabetes!4、治疗措施

diet drug 减肥药

lose weight 减肥

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(六)

生活习惯、健康及运动、生活习惯

life-style 生活习惯

a disorder of body and mind a physical and mental disorder crazy tempo of life 快节奏的生活

high tempo of life be accustomed to sth the exercise habit 2、运动与休息

ample sleep 充足的睡眠

relax oneself take sports physical exercises sport activities do sports sports ground（简）gym 体育场馆

entertainment be more/less physically fit sustain the exercise habit constitution 体质

hormone 激素

subhealth亚健康

cooperative medical caresystem合作医疗体系

resist mutation防癌

immunomodulator免疫调节剂

enthusiasm热情

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(七)医学研究领域相关词汇

1.下降、减少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise;go up;ascend；increase;2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety;3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies;应急反应 immediate response to;4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to)people’s livelihood/well-being;5.城乡卫生体系

urban-rural medical and health system 6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服务体系service system； 7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 8.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食； 9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施 10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病，11.虫媒insect pollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease：

12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome； 13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热；

14.爆发流行：break out, explode;an epidemic outbreak of,explosion 15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable；

communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的;

communicative a.健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的

16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission 17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation 18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate 19.福祉 well-being, happiness；

20.衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile 21.from bad to worse每况愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的 22.脂肪肝fatty liver;血压 hypertension 23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康 sub-health 24.过劳死 karoshi;death from overwork 25.长期以来 for a long time;over the years 26.养生preserve one's health;nourishing of life;keep in good health 27.分类 be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds.28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations；

基本原则fundamental principle/ rule,basic rule or principle;29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。

30.民众the(general)public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker;collaborator;copartner;coagent;31.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from

The death toll is expected to rise.The death toll continues to rise.There have been more deaths from drowning.How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？ 32.归结为 boil down to；come down to；

归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute„ to、owe„to;

归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame„on、ascribe or attribute„ to、impute„ to。

33.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak 34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly;因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations;

孤立现象an isolated phenomenon；

复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate；

极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances；

养老保险 endowment insurance；

退休养老金retirement pension； Health Care Reform医疗改革

36.激烈运动strenuous exercise；vigorous activity；

37.月经期menstrual period 38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life;a life of quick /fast pace 39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care 40.安乐死euthanasia；

41.得绝症的terminally ill；

42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care

濒临死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient 43.Secondhand Smoking，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”.

第三篇：医学考博推荐信

本人曾于该生攻读硕士研究生时，担任其****科临床授课教师，在与该生的课内、课外互动中，对其印象极为深刻。

该生***立场坚定，拥护中国***的领导，认真学习马列主义，毛泽东思想、邓小平理论，积极实践“三个代表”重要思想，注重提高***理论素质和水平。思想品德良好，具有较高的道德修养境界。

该生的个性内敛，做事沉稳；该生能针对事物重点，作深入的剖析。经过与他的一番交谈之后，可以发现，他在对事情的看法上，有较强独立思考能力。另外，该生具备一定的临床和科研工作能力，能够针对现象分析事物的内在本质，有严密的逻辑推理能力，工作出色，组织能力强，能够解决科研工作中一般的常见问题。

经过硕士阶段的训练，该生已经具备扎实的专业基础，业务熟练。英语基础较好，可以阅读和撰写专业文献。目前已经出色的完成了硕士课题任务，已经比较熟练的掌握了××学方面的研究方法。并对××××等方面有较深入的思考。

该生对新事物具有很强的敏感性，具有良好的探索精神。作风严谨、踏实，反应快，个性坚韧。热爱*****科专业，对科研工作有浓厚的兴趣。之二：与上一封稍有差别：

本人曾于该生攻读硕士研究生时，担任其××科临床授课教师，在与该生的课内、课外互动中，对其印象极为深刻。

该生***立场坚定，拥护中国***的领导，认真学习马列主义，毛泽东思想、邓小平理论，积极实践“三个代表”重要思想，注重提高***理论素质和水平。思想品德良好，具有较高的道德修养境界。

该生的个性内敛，做事沉稳；该生能针对事物重点，作深入的剖析。经过与他的一番交谈之后，可以发现，他在对事情的看法上，具备较强独立思考能力。另外，该生具有较强的分析与解决问题的能力。

经过硕士阶段的训练，该生已经具备扎实的专业基础，业务熟练。目前已经出色的完成了硕士课题任务。具备一定的临床和科研工作能力，能够针对现象分析事物的内在本质，有严密的逻辑推理能力，工作出色，组织能力强，能够解决科研工作中一般的常见问题。该生对新事物具有很强的敏感性，具有良好的探索精神。反应快，个性坚韧，作风朴实。热爱××科专业，对科研工作有浓厚的兴趣。

该同学有较强的进取心，有强烈的进一步深造和提高的要求。本人认为该生具有继续培养的前途，建议贵单位给予考核和选择培养的机会。

一

该生在硕士期间学习成绩优秀，进一步深化了专业方面的理论学习，具备了较为完善的知识

结构和理论水平。在学期间该生参加了部分科研项目的工作，能够对工艺方法和技术关键提出有效的解决措施，对实验现象和相关结果能够灵活运用有关理论，进行深入分析，并能对所做工作进行阶段总结和撰写有一定学术价值的学术论文，反映出该生具有较高的业务水平和科研能力。

推荐人姓名：

2015年2月16日

对考生思想品德、道德修养方面的介绍：

该生政治立场坚定，坚决拥护党的领导，积极学习马列主义，毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和三个代表的思想，注重提高政治理论素质和水平；该生为人诚恳，尊敬师长，团结同学，积极进取，责任感强，具有良好的思想道德素质。

对考生业务水平，外国语水平，科研能力的介绍： 该生学习刻苦，成绩优秀，具有扎实的基础理论知识和广泛的专业知识；英语水平达到国家六级，具有较强的听、说、读、写、译能力；该生参加了部分科研项目的工作，具有独立分析问题和解决问题的能力，表现出较强的科研技能，并发表了几篇学术论文。二

该同学在硕士生阶段学习刻苦认真，掌握了材料科学领域的基本理论、基本技能和专业知识，学习成绩优秀。在科学研究工作中，该同学表现出较强的科学精神，有较突出的学术能力和学术素质。在科学实践中，培养和提高了从事科学研究的能力和水平。参加了多项科学研究课题，较好地完成了研究任务，取得了一些有学术价值的研究成果。

该同学有较强的进取心，有强烈的进一步深造和提高的要求。该同学对贵单位的研究方向有浓厚的兴趣，衷心希望能够在贵单位得到更大的发展。鉴于该生的综合素质和能力，本人特向贵单位推荐该同学，希望该同学能有机会到贵单位得到进一步地培养和提高，成为国家的有用人才。

推荐人姓名：

本人曾于该生攻读硕士研究生时，担任其××××科临床授课教师，在与该生的课内、课外互动中，对其印象极为深刻。

该同志拥护中国共产党的领导，思想上积极上进，认真学习马列主义，毛泽东思想、邓小平理论，“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观，认真学习领会党的十八大精神。品行端正，尊敬师长、团结同志，为人诚恳，具备良好的医德医风，积极参加各项公益活动，有较强的社会责任感和正义感，在各项公益活动中表现较强的奉献精神和自我牺牲精神。该同志心理成熟、健康，有较强的自我心理调节能力。

对考生业务水平，外国语水平，科研能力的介绍

在我院工作与外出进修期间，表现出良好的业务能力、专业水平及良好的医德医风，受到我院与兄弟单位的一致好评。该同志具有较好的英语实际运用能力，通过大学生英语六级考试，能够自如地阅读相关领域的英文文献，能够用英语撰写本领域的学术论文。科研方面，该同志协助完成多项科研项目，并主持青年基金项目一项，表现出较强的科研素养和严谨认真的科研作风。进修期间，撰写多篇学术论文，具有良好的思辨能力、逻辑思维能力和较强的文字功底。

该同志硕士期间学习成绩优秀，勤于思索，追求上进，进一步深化了专业方面的理论学习，具备了较为完善的知识结构和理论水平。在学期间参加了部分科研项目的工作，能够对实验方法和关键技术提出有效的解决措施，对实验现象和相关结果能够灵活运用有关理论，进行深入分析，并能对所做工作进行阶段总结和撰写有一定学术价值的学术论文，具有较高的业务水平和科研能力。

在工作中，该同志思想积极，成绩优异，有进一步深造和提高的要求。该同志对贵校中药学专业的研究方向有浓厚的兴趣，衷心希望能够在贵校得到更大的发展。鉴于该同志的综合素质和能力，特向贵校推荐该同志，希望得到贵校得到进一步地培养和提高。

该生立场坚定，坚决拥护党的领导，积极学习马列主义，毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观，注重提高理论素质和水平，认真学习领会党的十八大精神；为人诚恳，尊敬师长，团结同志，积极进取，责任感强，具有良好的医德医风和思想道德素质。对考生业务水平，外国语水平，科研能力的介绍： 该同志学习刻苦，成绩优秀，具有扎实的基础理论知识和广泛的专业知识。在我院工作期间，表现出良好的业务能力、专业水平及良好的医德医风。英语水平达到国家六级，具有较好的英语实际运用能力，擅长口语表达，能够自如地阅读相关领域的英文文献。作为负责人，该同志主持我院青年基金项目一项，表现出较强的科研技能，对实验现象和相关结果能够运用有关理论，进行分析，并能对所做工作进行阶段总结和撰写有一定学术价值的学术论文，反映较高的科研能力。

专家推荐书

（第一份）

被推荐考生姓名

报考专业 司晋源 耳鼻咽喉科学

王振霖

主任医师 推荐人姓名 推荐人技术职称

推荐人工作单位 首都医科大学宣武医院

首都医科大学研究生招生办公室印制

专家推荐书

（第二份）

被推荐考生姓名

报考专业 司晋源 耳鼻咽喉科学

司勇锋

主任医师

广西壮族自治区人民医院 推荐人姓名 推荐人技术职称 推荐人工作单位 首都医科大学研究生招生办公室印制 篇五：医学生用的专家推荐信

范文一：

本人曾于该生攻读本科/硕士研究生时，担任其××××科临床授课教师，在与该生的课内、课外互动中，对其印象极为深刻。

该生立场坚定，拥护中国共产党的领导，认真学习马列主义，毛泽东思想、邓小平理论，积极实践“三个代表”重要思想和贯彻科学发展观理论，注重提高×××理论素质和水平。思想品德良好，具有较高的道德修养境界。

该生的个性内敛，做事沉稳;该生能针对事物重点，作深入的剖析。经过与他的一番交谈之后，可以发现，他在对事情的看法上，有较强独立思考能力。另外，该生具备一定的临床和科研工作能力，能够针对现象分析事物的内在本质，有严密的逻辑推理能力，工作出色，组织能力强，能够解决科研工作中一般的常见问题。

推荐人：×××

时间：×××

范文二：

尊敬的医院领导：

您好!感谢您在百忙之中阅读我校xx同学的推荐信!该生就读于我校××专业，在今年6月底正式毕业。xx年7月至xx年4月在xx医院实习，在为期8个月的实习过程中基本掌握了临床操作技能，熟悉医院的工作流程。

从该生踏进本校开始，她就特别好学上进，注重提高自己的专业素养，在此之余还充分利用课余时间，拓宽知识视野，完善知识结构。在竞争日益激烈的今

天，她坚信只有多层次，全方位发展，并掌握专业知识的人才，才符合社会发展的需要和用人单位的需求。她在学习的同时，积极参加学校组织的各项活动，在校2年的学习中，她名列前茅，多次获得奖学金。

在实习期间，认真努力，爱岗敬业，悉心照顾每一位病患，得到病人以及医院领导的一致好评。看到她所付出辛苦与汗水换来了别人的肯定，我为有这样一位学生感到自豪和骄傲。

尽管现在有很多更加优秀的应聘者，但是我相信xx同学深厚的专业知识，完整的知识结构，丰富的实践经验，乐观豁达的性格，超强的团队合作精神和亲和力，定会在曲折中顺利完成各项工作任务。

在此本人愿意推荐xx同学到贵医院工作，希望贵医院将她纳入重点考虑的对象，我相信她一定能胜任以后工作岗位，让贵医院满意，让贵领导满意。

推荐人：

xx年xx月xx日 范文三：

尊敬的领导：

您好，我是xx大学药学院的副教授，现我院xx级制药工程专业学生xxx，诚愿参加贵单位的校园招聘，特向您予以推荐。

该生在我院工作与外出进修期间，表现出良好的业务能力、专业水平及良好的医德医风，受到我院的一致好评。该同学具有较好的英语实际运用能力，通过大学生英语六级考试，能够自如地阅读相关领域的英文文献，能够用英语撰写本领域的学术论文。xxx同学拥护中国共产党的领导，思想上积极上进，认真学习马列主义，毛泽东思想、邓小平理论，“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观，认真学习领会党的十八大精神。品行端正，尊敬师长、团结同学，为人诚恳，积极参加各项公益活动，有较强的社会责任感和正义感，在各项公益活动中表现较强的奉献精神和自我牺牲精神。

学习之余，她也积极参加了各种活动，不断提高自己的综合素质，例如各种体育比赛及社会实践活动。作为一名入党积极分子，她不仅严格要求自己，起到很好的模范带头作用，而且在学习上她认真刻苦，得到了师生的一致好评。可以看出，xxx同学综合表现突出具备贵单位选拔的基本素质，并且对科研有浓厚的兴趣，有相当好的科研潜质，故推荐至贵单位，望审核通过!推荐人： xx年xx月xx日

范文四：

本人曾于该生攻读硕士研究生时，担任其××科临床授课教师，在与该生的课内、课外互动中，对其印象极为深刻。

该生***立场坚定，拥护中国***的领导，认真学习马列主义，毛泽东思想、邓小平理论，积极实践“三个代表”重要思想，注重提高***理论素质和水平。思想品德良好，具有较高的道德修养境界。

该生的个性内敛，做事沉稳；该生能针对事物重点，作深入的剖析。经过与他的一番交谈之后，可以发现，他在对事情的看法上，具备较强独立思考能力。另外，该生具有较强的分析与解决问题的能力。

经过硕士阶段的训练，该生已经具备扎实的专业基础，业务熟练。目前已经出色的完成了硕士课题任务。具备一定的临床和科研工作能力，能够针对现象分析事物的内在本质，有严密的逻辑推理能力，工作出色，组织能力强，能够解决科研工作中一般的常见问题。

该生对新事物具有很强的敏感性，具有良好的探索精神。反应快，个性坚韧，作风朴实。热爱××科专业，对科研工作有浓厚的兴趣。该同学有较强的进取心，有强烈的进一步深造和提高的要求。本人认为该生具有继续培养的前途，建议贵单位给予考核和选择培养的机会。

第四篇：考博英语完形填空冲刺2016模拟试题及答案

考博英语完形填空冲刺模拟试题

（一）Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is ___1___ only among those with whom he is acquainted.When

a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, ___2___ embarrassed.You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to ___3___ the truth of this.Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner;hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite

offensive.___4___, there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, ___5___ broken, makes the offender immediately the object of ___6___.It has been known as a fact that the a British has a ___7___ for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it

___8___.Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom ___9___ forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and ___10___ to everyone.This may be so.___11___ a British cannot have much ___12___ in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often

proved wrong ___13___ a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts!The man in the street seems to be as accurate---or as inaccurate---as

the weathermen in his ___14___.Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references ___15___ weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day.Very often

conversational greetings are ___16___ by comments on the weather.“Nice day, isn't it?” “Beautiful!” may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are

you?” ___17___ the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage.___18___ he wants

to start a conversation with a British but is ___19___ to knowswheresto begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather.It is a safe subject

which will ___20___ an answer from even the most reserved of the British.1.A.relaxed B.frustrated C.amused D.exhausted 2.A.yet B.otherwise C.even D.so

3.A.experience B.witness C.watch D.undergo

4.A.Deliberately B.Consequently C.Frequently D.Apparently 5.A.unless B.once C.while D.as

6.A.suspicion B.opposition C.criticism D.praise 7.A.emotion B.fancy C.likeliness D.judgement

8.A.at length B.to a great extent C.from his heart D.by all means 9.A.follows B.predicts C.defies D.supports

10.A.dedication B.compassion C.contemplation D.speculation 11.A.Still B.Also C.Certainly D.Fundamentally 12.A.faith B.reliance C.honor D.credit 13.A.if B.once C.when D.whereas

14.A.propositions B.predictions C.approval D.defiance 15.A.about B.on C.in D.to

16.A.started B.conducted C.replaced D.proposed 17.A.Since B.Although C.However D.Only if 18.A.Even if B.Because C.If D.For

19.A.at a loss B.at last C.insgroupsD.on the occasion 20.A.stimulate B.constitute C.furnish D.provoke 参考答案：

1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.D

11.C 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.D

（二）Music comes in many forms;most countries have a style of their own.__1__the turn of the century when jazz(爵士乐)was born, America had no prominent__2__of its own.No one knows exactly when jazz was__ 3__, or by whom.But it began to be__4__in the early 1900s.Jazz is America's contribution to__5__music.In contrast to classical music, which__6__ formal European traditions.jazz is spontaneous and free-form.It bubbles with energy,__7__ moods, interests and emotions of the people.In the 1920s jazz__8__like America.And__9__it does today.The__10__of this music arc as interesting as the music__11__, American Negroes , or blacks, as they are called today were the Jazz__12__.They were brought to the Southern states__ 13__ slaves.They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long__14__.When a Negro died his friends and relatives__15__a procession to carry the body to the cemetery.In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the__ 16__.On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion.__17__on the way home the mood changed.Spirits lifted.Death had removed one of their__18__, but the living were glad to be alive.The band played__19__music, improvising(即兴表演)on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes__20__at the funeral.This music made everyone wan to dance.It was an early form of Jazz.1.A)By B)At C)In D)On

2.A)music B)song C)melody D)style

3.A)discovered B)acted C)invented D)designed

4.A)noticed B)found C)listened D)heard

5.A)classical B)sacred C)Popular D)light

6.A)forms B)follows C)approaches D)introduces

7.A)expressing B)explaining C)exposing D)illustrating

8.A)appeared B)felt C)seemed D)sounded

9.A)as B)so C)either D)neither

10.A)origins B)originals C)discoveries D)resources

11.A)concerned B)itself C)available D)oneself

12.A)Players B)fo llowers C)fans D)pioneers

13.A)for B)as C)with D)by

14.A)months B)weeks C)hours D)times

15.A)demonstrated B)composed C)hosted D)formed

16.A)demonstration B)procession C)body D)march

17.A)Even B)Therefore C)Furthermore D)But

18.A)number B)members C)body D)relations

19.A)sad B)solemn C)happy D)funeral

20.A)whistled B)sung C)presented D)showed

参考答案：

1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A

11.B 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.C

（三）Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities.Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centres of 1 , crime, poverty and moral 2.Their distrust was caused, 3.by a national ideology that 4 farming the greatest occupation and rural living 5 to urban living.This attitude 6 even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential 7 of the national landscape.Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology.Thousands 8 the precarious(不稳定的)life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city.But when these people 9 from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them.These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were 10 with great problems, eagerly 11 the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the 12 of the city.One of many reforms came 13 the area of public utilities.Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by 14 governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned.Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would 15 exorbitant(过度的)rates for these essential services and 16 them only to people who could afford them.Some city and state governments responded by 17 the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves.18 of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would 19 widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a 20 price.1.[A]eruption [B]corruption [C]interruption [D]provocation 2.[A]disgrace [B]deterioration [C]dishonor [D]degradation 3.[A]by origin [B]in part [C]at all [D]at random 4.[A]proclaimed [B]exclaimed [C]claimed [D]reclaimed 5.[A]superb [B]super [C]exceptional [D]superior 6.[A]predominated [B]dominated [C]commanded [D]prevailed

7.[A]feature [B]peculiarity [C]quality [D]attribute 8.[A]deserted [B]departed [C]abolished [D]abandoned 9.[A]reallocated [B]migrated [C]replaced [D]substituted 10.[A]overwhelmed [B]overflowed [C]overtaken [D]preoccupied 11.[A]embraced [B]adopted [C]hugged [D]outbreaks 12.[A]chaos [B]chores [C]chorus [D]outbreaks 13.[A]at [B]by [C]out [D]in 14.[A]public [B]municipal [C]republican [D]national

15.[A] charge [B] take [C] cost [D] spend

16.[A] distribute [B] deliver [C] transfer [D] transport

17.[A] degenerating [B] generating [C] regenerating [D] regulating

18.[A] Proponents [B] Opponents [C] Sponsors [D] Rivals

19.[A] secure [B] ensure [C] reassure [D] incur

20.[A] fair [B] just [C] square [D] objective Passage 3.BDBCD DADBA AADBA BDABA

（四）Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche（灵魂、精神）was superiority.Although 1 he believed that individuals struggled to achieve superiority over others, Adler, eventually 2 a more complex definition of the drive for superiority.Adler's concept of striving for superiority does not 3 the everyday meaning of the word superiority.He did not mean that we innately（天生地）seek to 4 one another in rank or position, 5 did he mean that we seek to 6 an attitude of exaggerated importance over our peers.7.Adler's drive for superiority involves the desire to be competent and effective, complete and thorough, in 8 one strives to do.Striving for superiority occasionally takes the 9 of an exaggerated lust for power.An individual may seek to play god and 10 control over objects and people.The goal may introduce an 11 tendency into our lives, in which we play games of “dog eat dog”.But such expressions of the desire for superiority do not 12 its more positive, constructive nature.13 Adler, striving for superiority is innate and is part of the struggle for 14 that human beings share with other species in the process of evolution.From this 15.life is not 16 by the need to reduce tension or restore 17.as sigmund Freud tended to think;18 , life is encouraged by the desire to move from below to above, from minus to plus, from inferior to superior.The particular ways in which individuals 19 their quest（追求）for superiority are 20 by their culture, their unique history.and their style of life.1.[A] instinctively [B] initially [C] presumably [D] invariably 2.[A] designed [B] devised [C] manipulated [D] developed 3.[A] refer to [B] point to [C] comply with [D] stand up for 4.[A] surpass [B] overpass [C] overthrow [D] pursue 5.[A] or [B] never [C] hardly [D] nor 6.[A] retain [B] sustain [C] maintain [D] obtain 7.[A] Rather [B] Despite [C] Though [D] Thus

8.[A] which [B] that [C] whichever [D] whatever 9.[A] form [B] format [C] formation [D] shape 10.[A] operate [B] speculate [C] exercise [D] resume 11.[A] ambiguous [B] intricate [C] deliberate [D] hostile 12.[A] reflect [B] abide [C] glorify [D] project 13.[A] According to [B] In terms of [C] Regardless of [D] In view of 14.[A] survivor [B] survival [C] durability [D] consistency 15.[A] respective [B] prospect [C] profile [D] perspective 16.[A] motivated [B] animated [C] inspired [D] elevated 17.[A] equation [B] equivalent [C] equilibrium [D] equality 18.[A] subsequently [B] instead [C] consequently [D] otherwise 19.[A] undermine [B] overtake [C] fling [D] undertake 20.[A] determined [B] resolved [C] consolidated [D] reinforced

BDAAD CADAC DAABD ACBDA

（五）Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag（喷气飞行时差反应)．Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 1 making mistakes.It is actually caused by 2 of your “body clock” — a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 3.The body clock is designed for a 4 rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it 5 daylight and darkness at the “wrong” times in a new time zone.The 6 of jetlag often persist for days 7 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.Now a new anti-jetlag system is 8 that is based on proven 9 pioneering scientific research.Dr.Martin Moore-Ede has 10 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 11 controlled exposure to bright light.The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 12 of the discomfort of jetlag.A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either 13 or avoid bright light.Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse.The proper schedule 14 light exposure depends a great deal on 15 travel plans.Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individual' s sleep 16 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 17 on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.When the Trip Guide calls 18 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible.If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 19 you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light 20 for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.1.[A] from [B] of [C] for [D] to 2.[A] eruption [B] disruption [C] rupture [D] corruption 3.[A] actions [B] functions [C] behavior [D] reflection 4.[A] formal [B] continual [C] regular [D] circular 5.[A] experiences [B] possesses [C] encounters [D] retains 6.[A] signs [B] defects [C] diseases [D] symptoms 7.[A] if [B] whereas [C] while [D] although 8.[A] agreeable [B] available [C] adaptable [D] approachable 9.[A] extensive [B] tentative [C] broad [D] inclusive

10.[A] devised [B] scrutinized [C] visualized [D] recognized 11.[A] in [B] as [C] at [D] through 12.[A] more [B] little [C] most [D] least 13.[A] shed [B] retrieve [C] seek [D] attain 14.[A] in [B] for [C] on [D] with 15.[A] specific [B] complicated [C] unique [D] peculiar 16.[A] mode [B] norm [C] style [D] pattern 17.[A] directories [B] commentaries [C] instructions [D] specifications 18.[A] up [B] off [C] on [D] for 19.[A] or [B] and [C] but [D] while 20.[A] spur [B] stimulus [C] agitation [D] acceleration

DBBCA DCBAA DCCBA DCDAB

（六）Our ape-men forefathers had 1 obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survival in the open.They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats.They could not 2 with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws 3 an impressive “small-fire” weaponry.They could not even defend themselves 4 running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals.If the apemen had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been 5 to failure and extinction.But they were 6 with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors.In the search 7 the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had 8 efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess.The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far 9 the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland.Good long-distance sight was 10 another matter.Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the 11 the range of sight-so 12 they had had to do was climb a tree.Out in the open, how ever, this simple solution was not 13

Climbing a hill would have helped, 14 in many places the ground was flat.The ape-men 15 the only possible solution.They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk 16.This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages.It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became slower 17.18 they persevered and their bone structure gradually became 19 to the new, unstable position that 20 them the name Homo erectus, upright man.1.[A] no [B] some [C] few [D] many 2.[A] match [B] compare [C] rival [D] equal 3.[A] became [B] equipped [C] posed [D] provided 4.[A] in [B] upon [C] by [D] with 5.[A] driven [B] doomed [C] forced [D] led 6.[A] bestowed [B] given [C] presented [D] endowed 7.[A] for [B] of [C] on [D] at 8.[A] progressed [B] generated [C] developed [D] advanced

9.[A] from [B] apart [C] beyond [D] above 10.[A] rather [B] quite [C] much [D] really 11.[A] greater [B] smaller [C] farther [D] nearer 12.[A] anything [B] that [C] everything [D] all 13.[A] available [B] enough [C] sufficient [D] convenient 14.[A] when [B] but [C] so [D] and 15.[A] chose [B] adopted [C] accepted [D] took 16.[A] fast [B] upright [C] steadily [D] awkwardly 17.[A] as well [B] further [C] still [D] even 18.[A] However [B] Therefore [C] Meanwhile [D] Subsequently 19.[A] accustomed [B] familiarized [C] adapted [D] suited 20.[A] obtained [B] called [C] deserved [D] earned CABCB DACCB ADABB BCACD

（七）Television is the most effective brainwashing 1 ever invented by man.Advertisers know this to be 2.Children are 3 by television in ways we 4 understand.In the fall of 1971,1 was 5 a story involving a young white woman living on the 6 of Boston's black ghetto.Her car had 7 out of gas.She had gone to a filling station with a can and was returning to her car when she was 8 in an alley by a gang of black youths.The gang poured gasoline over her and set fire 9 her.She died of her burns.It was 10 established that some of the youths 11 had, on the night before the killing, 12 on television a rerun of an old movie in which a drifter is set on fire by an adolescent gang;There is some kind of strange reductive process 13 work here.To see something on television robs it of its reality, and then when the 14 thing is 15 out it is like the reenactment of something unreal.16 when the gang set fire to the girl, they were 17 what they had seen on a screen, 18 they themselves were on a screen, and in a story.I don' t think we have 19 begun to realize how powerful a medium television is.It has already become very clear that the candidate with the most television 20 win the election.1.[A] equipment [B] machine [C] medium [D] method 2.[A] true [B] real [C] actual [D] genuine 3.[A] influenced [B] affected [C] controlled [D] manipulated 4.[A] scarcely [B] nearly [C] completely [D] generally 5.[A] arranged [B] appointed [C] assigned [D] attributed 6.[A] outskirts [B] fringes [C] border [D] range 7.[A] used [B] consumed [C] run [D] spent 8.[A] trapped [B] caught [C] held [D] tucked 9.[A] on [B] at [C] over [D] to 10.[A] then [B] after [C] lately [D] later 11.[A] associated [B] related [C] involved [D] participated 12.[A] watch [B] watched [C] watching [D] were watching 13.[A] at [B] on [C] in [D] under 14.[A] exact [B] extraordinary [C] normal [D] same

15.[A] performed [B] played [C] practiced [D] acted 16.[A] However [B] In contrast [C] In other words [D] Even to 17.[A] imitating [B] following [C] resembling [D] reacting 18.[A] as if [B] like [C] as [D] for 19.[A] still [B] nearly [C] almost [D] even 20.[A] influence [B] capacity [C] appeal [D] contribution

CAAAC ACAAD CBADB CAADC

第五篇：2016医学考博英语写作常用词汇

一、2016医学考博英语写作常用词汇：

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类（1）、医生

① doctor，medical worker ② physician 内科医生

③ surgeon 外科医生

④ doctor in charge 主治医生

⑤ intern 实习医生

⑥ resident doctor 住院医生、医院

① hospital

The specialized hospital 专科医院

The general hospital 普通医院

The community hospital 社区医院

The public hospital 公立医院

The private hospital 私立医院

② clinc 门诊

Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊

③ ward 病房

④ medical team 医疗队

3、医疗手段

（1）drug therapy 药物治疗

（2）medical treatment 医疗

（3）medical instruments 医疗器械

（4）diagnose（v）诊断（n）diagnosis（5）prevent（v）预防

（6）sterilize（v）消毒 |（7）administrate a drug 给药

（8）prevent and treat disease（v）预防和治疗疾病

（9）TCM 中医r>（10）chemotherapy 化疗

（11）medical service 医疗服务

（12）complain of（v）主述

（13）health checkup 健康普查

（14）diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗

（15）consult the doctor（v）咨询 ；、医疗体制

（1）healthcare system 医疗体制

（2）medical disputes 医疗纠纷

（3）medical accident 医疗事故

（4）the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系

（5）medical insurance system 医疗保险体系

（6）medical aid fund 医疗救助基金、医德

（1）medical ethics 医德

（2）patient-oriented 以病人为核心

（3）humanistic 人道主义的

（4）compassionate 富于同情性的（5）considerate 体贴周到的（6）resolute 果断的

（7）service quality 服务质量

（8）to give top priority to the lives and health of people、病人

（1）patient（2）the sick（3）the invalid（4）sufferer

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类（2）

必知疾病名称、患病的表达方式

⑴ suffer from(v)受…苦；患…病

(2)contract(v)感染

(3)people with some disease 患病人群

(4)the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人

2、必知疾病名称

heart disease 心脏病

hypertension 高血压

kidney problem 肾病

stroke 休克

the blood pressure 血压

diabetes 糖尿病

obesity 肥胖

terminal illness 绝症

incurable illness 不治之症

cancer 癌症

tumor 肿瘤

cancer of early stage 癌症晚期

emergency case 急症

servious illness 重症

the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病

short breath 短气

syndrome 综合症

complications 并发症

process 病程

bone loss 骨质疏松

short-sighted(adj)近视、其他相关词汇

outbreak and spending

break out(v)疾病的爆发

spread(v)疾病的扩散

the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率

taboo 禁忌

speed up blood circulation(v)

improve the cardiac functions(v)

side effects 副反应

complain of 主述、传染病专题

(1)感染源

virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫channel and media 传染途径及媒介

(2)传染疾病

some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫

influenza(简)flu 流感

infection contagion 传染病

infectious diseases 传染病

AIDS 艾滋病

SARS

(3)传染

epidemic(a)流行的，传染的 block the channel(v)

disseminate 传播

cross infection 交叉感染、疾病名称

Illness：病；疾病

Sickness：疾病，呕吐；弊病

Disease；弊病；疾病

Ailment：小病；不安

Suffering：苦难；苦楚、疾病的转归

(1)疾病的恢复

recover recovery：痊愈；复原

recuperate：恢复健康

resume vt.恢复

recruit vi.恢复健康； vt.使…恢复健康

reinstate vt.使健康

(2)疾病的恶化

deteriorate vi.vt

aggravate vt.exasperate vt.make worse vt.worsen vi.vt

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(3)

药物、药物名称

medicine:药

drug：药，麻醉药

remedy：补救，治疗

medicinal herbs：药草，草药

powder：粉，粉末

tablet：药片

pill：n.药丸，口服避孕药；

vt.把…制成丸剂；使服用药丸； vi.做成药丸；服药丸

2、相关词汇

drug therapy： 药物治疗

side effects： 副反应

drug abuse： 药物滥用 drugstore： 药房

over the counter： 非处方药

drug allergy;药物过敏

drug poisoning: 药物中毒

prescription: 处方

expenses for medicine： 药费

charges for medicine:药品划价

drug rebate ：药品回扣、药物用法

开药 ：prescribe some medicine for some diseases

write out a proscription

服药

take a medicine

治„的疾病

a remedy for some diseases

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(4)

心理疾病、心理学专业词汇

subhealth 亚健康

psychological benefits 心理健康

psychological problem 心理问题

psychological consultation 心理咨询

psychological obstacles 心理障碍

mental obstacles 心理障碍

psychological massage 心理按摩

psychology 心理学/ 心理

psychotherapy 心理治疗

psychological expert 心理专家

2、相关词汇

questionnaire

3、情绪词汇

overcome：vt.克服；胜过vi.克服；得胜

disappoint：vt.使失望

disappointed：adj.失望的，沮丧的；受挫折的

shy，adj.害羞的；畏缩的，胆怯的 flush：n.激动；面红；旺盛；

vt.发红，使发亮；使激动 vi.发红，脸红；被冲洗

adj.丰足的，洋溢的；挥霍的

frustration：挫折

failure：失败

willpower：毅力；意志力

optimism：乐观

optimistical：乐天的，乐观的 be sensitive to：对…敏感

nervous：紧张的，神经的 tensional：张力的，紧张的

sad agony pessimism pessimistic：悲伤，愤怒，悲观，悲观主义的

confident confidence：自信

stress pressure 压力；紧张；

vt.使紧张；加压力于；depress vt.压抑；使沮丧；使萧条 depressed：v.使沮丧； depression：n.沮丧；忧愁

depressive：adj.抑郁的；压抑的、疲劳相关词汇

fatigue tire(v)weariness(n)tired(a)exhausted(a)fatigued(a)weary（a.v）

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(5)

肥胖与营养、营养物质

nutrient 营养素

protein 蛋白质

fat 脂肪

glucose 葡萄糖

vitamin 维生素

sugar 糖类

heat calories quantity of heat 热量

carbohydrate 碳水化合物

soft drink beverage 软饮料

cholesterol胆固醇、营养与饮食

a well-balanced diet:：均衡饮食

nutrition 营养

nutritional 营养的二、精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇

1.下降、减少： reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；

上升、增加：

rise;go up;ascend；increase;2.禽流感

H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全

food safety;3.公共卫生突发事件： public health emergencies;应急反应：

immediate response to;4.关注民生：

concern(focus on, pay attention to)people’s livelihood/well-being;

5.城乡卫生体系：

urban-rural medical and health system 6.预防保健：

Disease Prevention and Health care 服务体系：

service system；

7.讲究卫生：

pay attention to hygiene； 个人和环境卫生：

personal and environmental hygiene 8.清淡的： lite；

蛋白添加饮食：

protein-complemented diet；

9.预防的措施： preventive initiatives=preventive measures

10.人畜共患：

zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病

11.虫媒：

insect pollination； 虫媒传染病：

insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease；

12.肾病综合征：

nephrotic/renal syndrome；

13.流行性出血热：

epidemic hemorrhagic fever；

14.爆发流行：

break out, explode;an epidemic outbreak of explosion

15.传染：

infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable；

communicable 可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的;

communicative

a.健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的16.传播途径: route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission

17.传播,散布：

diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation

18.污染: pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate

19.福祉: well-being, happiness；

20.衰老: grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile

21.每况愈下: from bad to worse；相似的: akin to=similar to；脓的,化脓的: Purulent

22.脂肪肝: fatty liver;

血压: hypertension 23.肠癌:

Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康: sub-health

24.过劳死:

karoshi;death from overwork 25.长期以来:

for a long time;over the years 26.养生:

preserve one's health;nourishing of life;keep in good health

27.分类: be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds.28.基本职责

=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations；

基本原则

fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle;

29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。

30.民众:

the(general)public，the masses of the people，the common people；

合作者

co-worker;collaborator;copartner;coagent;

31.死亡人数:

death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from

The death toll is expected to rise.The death toll continues to rise.There have been more deaths from drowning.How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？

32.归结为:

boil down to；come down to；

归因为/归功于: be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute„ to、owe„to;

归咎于:

lay or put the blame on sb、blame„on、ascribe or attribute„ to、impute„ to。

33.大规模:

on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；

大规模流行:

large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak

34.表面上:

on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly;

因果关系: cause-and-effect relationship, causal 句！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。

relationship/relations;

2.现场写作技巧：

孤立现象:

①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。②an isolated phenomenon；

翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。复杂的: ③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。

complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate；

极端复杂性: extreme/exceeding complexity/complicacy。

35.低保: basic living allowances/subsistence allowances；

养老保险: endowment insurance；

退休养老金:retirement pension；

Health Care Reform医疗改革

36.激烈运动: strenuous exercise；vigorous activity；

37.月经期: menstrual period 38.生活的节奏: the tempo/the pace of life;a life of quick /fast pace

39.婴幼儿保健: the infant health care 40.安乐死: euthanasia；

41.得绝症的: terminally ill；

42.临终关怀

=Hospice Care=end-of-life care 濒临死亡的病人：

dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient

43.Secondhand Smoking，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”.三、医学考博英语写作总结

1.原则与要求：

考博英语不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！2－5个长句！不写或少写短