2013人大考博英语

第一篇：2013人大考博英语

2013英语

20分单选20个 20分完型20个 20分阅读20个

20分翻译英译汉汉译英 20分写作 写作题目

Major study and English learning

不少于200字 必须包括以下内容

1.major study is your future 2.English study is important 3.How to manage the time between them

另外，翻译挺难，英译汉是关于communication technology的，里面有一些专业词汇。汉译英更变态，是一个青州佛像的翻译，比如青州佛像最令人难忘的是它的笑容，他细细的眉眼，两腮若隐若现的笑容，仿佛荡漾着愉悦等等…..

第二篇：人大考博英语资料小汇总

人大的英语做起来比上财难，题量大，阅读题难度和考研差不多吧，有词汇题，词汇量不大，但要进行近义词辨析和搭配，个别题目很难选，翻译有英翻汉和汉翻英，英翻汉不难，是和经济搭边的一篇小文章，汉翻英是考研阅读的一篇文章挖出来的，我觉得不难。时间比较紧吧，个人感觉不难

2013年中国人民大学考博英语真题作文部分“Major Study and English Learning”。免费分享给奋战在第一线的同志们。

另，汉译英竟然是有关“青州佛像”的一段散文。

今年英语题型发生了一些变化，阅读由以前的6篇改为4篇，加入了完形填空，共20个空白，取消了小作文。

英语大家普遍感觉不难、前面词汇可能有些把握性不是很足，后面的40分主观题都不是很难，而且时间也很充足，但是结果出来分数都不是很高，和预期的分数有不小的差距，估计后面的主观题改的比较严，今年的英语线也划到了55分，是历年最低的一年。2010考完后，整理了一下自己的经验，回忆了一下考题。英语真题

英语题型

没变 1填词四选一较难，但听说是在研究生教材里的（20）。

2阅读词汇简单，但数量较多，共六篇。听说还有一道是以前的考研题（30）。3汉译英比较简单（10），英译汉题量较大，可最后做这道题（10）。4小作文：

托室友照看你的宠物狗。用英文提示很多，较简单，几乎照抄就行（10）。5大作文还是话题：政府是否应该加大对农村的教育投入（20）

12年人大考博英语题型：词汇20题20分；完型20题20分；阅读四篇20题20分。12年的这三类题型都比较简单，估计六级水平左右。另两类提醒是英翻中10分、中翻英10分和大作文20分。不过一般情况下来说每年的人大考博英语题量比较大的。

人大考博英语的词汇题部分共40道题，每道题0.5分，共20分。要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组，考题中出现的词汇、词组、短语等都是重要的备考知识点。这部分主要测试考生掌握的词汇量，是否具备根据上下文对词和词组意义进行判断的能力以及对语法的应用能力。

从人大考博英语词汇题整体来看，考查的重点都放在了词汇量、词义辨析、词组搭配上，语法知识的考查不多。下面将介绍人大考博英语词汇部分的几种主要出题手段和实例分析。

1.考查词组

例2008.5.The supervisor his explanation when his fault was pointed out by some

talented young students.A.stumbled over B.got over C.dashed to D.gave out

这类题出现频率很高，要求考生对动词词组进行辨析

2.考查同形词

同形词辨析主要是指有相同的前缀、词根或后缀的词汇进行辨析。

例2008.7.’It’s probably just stress.“ How many times have you uttered those words to

yourself to a headache, pain or illness?

A.dismiss B.dispose C.dispel D.disrupt

这类题出现频率很高，要求考生对记忆过程中容易混淆的同形词进行辨析。

3.考查近义词

例2008.6.it is evident that no one, no matter how much they is immunity from the

effect of advertising.A.refuse B.reflect C.proclaim D.protest

这种题型出现频率很高，要求考生对意义相近的单词进行辨析。

4.考查固定搭配或习惯用语

例2008.10.He didn’t know anything about business, so starting his own was.A.a climb to power B.a leap in the dark

C.run in the bank D.a step backwards

考生在复习时需要多注意词组的搭配，对于易混淆词汇要多加以记忆。到考前两个月左右，核心词汇5遍以上，并且已经熟练掌握其中的基本词汇，并会辨析固定词组搭配的词义。以艾宾浩斯记忆法为指导，考生复习的前两个月左右的时间需记忆完书上的基础词汇，后期开始记忆核心词汇，每天需浏览300-600个单词的任务量。要扩大词汇量，除了要记忆单词外，还要广泛的大量阅读英文材料，如报刊和杂志等。

写作是考博英语的重点，考查考生用英语分析事物和表达自己的观点的能力或概括事物的能力。这部分对大多数考生来说是最难攻克的难关。

人大考博英语的写作一般是考博试卷的最后一个部分，占20分，分两部分，每部分各10分。

第一部分：10分。要求考生写一篇100字左右的应用文，例如写一封信。

第二部分：10分。要求考生按照命题写出一篇200字的短文，目的是测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。命题作文的题材是就远程教育，思想开放，全球化等提出自己的观点。

短文写作要严格遵守几个步骤：审题、拟定提纲、写作、审校。一般段落结构模式可分为主题句、支持句和总结句。主题句的关键是要将所提供的主题词或短语扩展成一个完整的句子，而这个句子又能很容易地引出下面的支持句。在实际考试过程中，要有步骤地完成写作，具体来说有以下几点：

1.准确理解标题含义，决定写作内容

2.拟定文章结构，找出最清晰、最直观的组织结构形式

3.列出与主题相关的事实、说明、议论材料;

4.根据提纲，把材料进行选择、合并、归类

5.开始写作，用明确的事例进行说明、论述，一气呵成;

6.检查核对，对文章进行斟酌、修改

针对以上特点及对考博英语写作部分的要求，建议考生从以下几方面做好作文试题的准备工作：

首先，加强英语基本功的练习：扩充词汇量，准确把握词的含义，做到选词精确;熟练掌握英语常见句型及固定搭配，避免文章句式单一;强化语法练习，避免重大语法错误。

其次，可以多参考一些经典范文，尽量学会从总体上把握文章，做到过度自然，结构合理，安排得当。

最后，在日常生活中应多关注时事政治及当今社会的热点问题，勤于思考，有意识地针对这些问题进行写作练习，尤其是议论文的练习。积累的素材越多，考试时越得心应手。

人大考博英语的翻译占20分。包括两部分。第一部分是英译中，给出一段250字左右的短文，要求考生将全部短文译成中文，此部分占10分，主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解作者要表达的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。第二部分是汉译英，给出150字左右的中文短文，要求考生将其译成英文。此部分占10分，主要测试考生对词汇、短语以及句型的综合掌握和运用能力。作答时应掌握译文要点，忌增删译文内容。下面就这两部分内容分别讲解。

第一部分是英译汉。这部分10分，通常是一段250字的短文，或者是两段150字的短文，要求将其翻译成中文。翻译中要注意以下几点：

1.对一些表示转折连接词要准确把握

2.对词组的翻译

3.对句子语法的分析

4.注意双重否定

5.注意对副词的理解和翻译

6.对名词性专业词汇的把握

7.注意词性的把握

以上这些因素都影响着理解的能力和翻译的质量，在复习中要多注意这些方面的训练。

复习指导：

1.正确理解翻译过程

很多考生误认为翻译就是简单地将一种语言转换为另一种语言，其实不然，考生应该注意翻译过程包括阅读，理解，表达和检验，把一篇英文翻译为汉语，这几个步骤一个也不能少。

(1)通读全文，理解全文大意，为顺利翻译各个单句和某些难词获取背景知识。这一点对大多数学生来说都不难做到。

(2)然而将文章读懂读透却不是每个人都可以做到的。有些人在翻译时往往省略这个过程，在没有领会作者意图和全文精神实质的情况下，看到一句话就机械地翻译一句，完全没有考虑到能否将原文的意思表达出来，意思有没有变样，因此是不可取的。翻译时在读懂文章大意的基础上还要注意文章的风格及内涵。

(3)运用常见的翻译技巧，以规范流畅的汉语将全文逐句译出。必要时需对一些难句进行语法分析。要注意英语和汉语是两种不同的语言，在表达相同的思想，感情或一个概念时，往往会使用不同的方式，即不同的结构和词语。翻译是在两种语言间进行转换，要特别注意两种语言的异同。

(4)在翻译过程中，语言上忠实于原文，风格和意境上贴近原文，使译文读者和原文读者能够获得相似的感受，才能够达到神似。形似和神似的结合应该是翻译追求的目标。因此考生在下笔前一定要尽量使译文表达出原文的意境来，这样在最后检查阶段就不必做大量的修改，只要看有无错译，漏译，不通顺，或错别字，错用标点符号等就可以了，而且阅读译文时不妨把原文放在一边，以免受原文表达形式的束缚和影响，力求使译文通顺，语句优美。

2.常用的翻译技巧及翻译难点

翻译一般采用两种最常见的方法：直译和意译。所谓直译是指译文必须忠实于整篇原文，意译是指翻译时可以不完全拘泥于原文。考生要以直译作为准确理解原文意思的基础，把原文意译出来。由于汉语和英语的表达方式和用法习惯不同，为了符合英语的表达习惯，在翻译的过程中，考生要熟知一些简单的如何调整和改变的翻译技巧，也就是一套在实际翻译中使用的具体做法，一般包括改变词类(conversion)，选词用字(diction)，语序调整(inversion)，省略(omission)，增词(amplification)，重复(repetition)，反译法(negation)，分译法(division)等等。另外还有一些翻译难点需要考生在平时加以注意，如定语从句的翻译，长句翻译，否定结构，比较结构的翻译等等。

考生如果能较好地掌握英语语言知识和翻译技巧，平时按上述步骤进行一定量的翻译训练，便能够较好地完成英译汉部分的试题。

第二部分是汉译英。这部分占10分。通常是100-200字的短文，要求考生将其翻译成英文。汉译中主要考查考生对语法的熟练使用程度。考博英语汉译英中主要考查的语法包括各种从句的使用，数字、日期、国名等的翻译，以及各种连接词的使用。总之，在汉译英过程中考生要使用各种掌握的语法技巧，尤其针对中译英中的考点加强和巩固相关技巧。针对北师大考博英语中译英考题，在汉译中的过程中要注意运用以下技巧：

1.使用状语从句、主语从句、定语从句、强调句等：

2.翻译转折或递进的连接词

尽管…但…

只要…就…可是…

因为…所以…

不仅不…而且…

3.翻译专业术语

例如：上海期货交易所，美国财政部长，亚洲三国，首席经济政策顾问，经济事务发言人，布什政府，对华经济政策

4.对日期、数字、节日和国名的翻译

例如：15%

5.对连接副词的使用

As well as,moreover,or so,about，at least等等。

综上所述，无论是汉译英还是英译汉，都对词汇和语法提出了较高的要求。人大考博英语虽然没有单独的词汇题和语法题，但对词汇和语法的考查主要体现在翻译和写作中，而词汇和语法又是翻译，写作和阅读的基础，所以考生对词汇和语法也要进行复习。

从人大考博英语历年考题翻译选材上来看，题材以国际政治，经济为主。

根据大纲要求，阅读理解的常考题型主要可归纳为五种：主旨大意题、推理判断题、词汇语义型、事实细节题及观点态度题。

人大考博英语的阅读理解部分一般是6篇短文，每篇短文有5道题目，共30道题目，每道题1分，占30分。考生需完成1800-2200词汇的阅读量。这一部分主要测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。要求考生能够：

1.掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节;

2.进行相关的分析、判断和推理;

3.准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义;

4.领会作者的观点和意图、判断作者的态度。

从人大考博英语阅读理解整体来看，最常考是以下几种题型：细节题、态度题、句子词汇理解题和主旨题。要求考生从整体上要把握好出题的规律，但在具体的细节上要把握命题人的考试意图，将考点击破，双管齐下，实现考分的飞跃。下面介绍人大考博英语阅读理解问题的几种主要出题手段、解题技巧和实例分析。

A、细节题

1.标志：针对性提问

2.思路：做题的关键是返回原文，不要凭印象做题，返回原文要有定位意识

3.细节题迷惑选项的常用手段有：偷换概念、扩大范围、正反混淆、颠倒因果、常识判断(列举和文章无关的常识，尽管常识是对的，但文章中未提，这也是错误答案)

例：2008.Question43.The goods advertised in women’s magazines are really meant to

A.flee housewives from housework.B.encourage housewives to go out to work.C.turn housewives into excellent cooks.D.give them a false sense of fulfillment.B、主旨题

1.标志：the most appropriate/best title,main idea,main problem,conclusion,purpose,primarily concerned with

2.思路：利用宏观阅读思路解题，不管此类题出现在哪个位置，都作为最后一题解答。

3.方法：(1)串线法，适用各段中心明确时(2)快速作文法，依据选项快速作文并与原文核对。

4.注意事项：(1)要着重理解首末段、首末句(2)若主旨在文章中间出现或前后段意转折时，应提高警惕(3)若段中出现转折时，该转折句很可能就是主题句(4)作者有意识重复的观点往往是主旨(5)首段出现疑问句时，对该疑问句的解答就是主旨(6)主旨出现时常伴有如下词：but,however,therefor,in short

5.选项特点：(1)正确选项一般不含细节信息，并不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词(2)错误选项的特点是就事论事，或细节信息鲜明，或过于笼统。

例：2008 Question 55.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations.针对文章的主要目的进行提问，要求对各段落的中心思想进行概括总结，从总体上判断文章的主旨。这类题几乎每篇文章都会考到，难度也非常大，往往需要把握整段和整篇文章大意，从整体着眼，细节着手，并且要具有很好的归纳总结能力，才能有把握做到各个击破。

C、对错题

1.标志：which is(not)true，all…except，2.思路：(1)首先判断3对1错还是3错1对，所谓对是符合原文，所谓错是和原文有矛盾、不符合或没提到(2)每一选项都应返回原文，仔细观察原文中的关键单词，彻底理解其含义以判断答案的正确性

3.文章的如下地方容易出现考点(1)转折处(2)最高级后面(3)带有褒贬义的句子(4)虚拟语气的句子(5)长难句

例2008.Question 47.A country's capacity to produce wealth depends on all the factors EXCEPT

A.people's share of its goods.B.political and social stability.C.qualities flits workers.D.use of natural resources.这类题出现频率不是很高，这类题的难度比较大，往往需要把握整段或者整篇文章大意，甚至需要推理判断才能准确的做出来。

D、推论题

1.标志：infer，imply，judge

2.思路：推论题在考博中不要推。这种题目的最佳名称是列举题，即每个选项都列举了文章的一个事实(或错误事实)，我们要找的就是哪一个事实最符合原文。

3.如果四个选项中都没有明确提到，那么与原文意思最接近，所用推理步骤最少的就是正确答案。

4.尤其要重视话中有话的陈述句或比喻句或反句或长难句，这些地方一般是分散列举题的出题所在。

例2008.题 64.The author implies that the greatest source of pollution is.A.heavy industry B.chemical processing plants

C.urban expansion D.salt spray

这类题出现的频率很高，难度也非常大，不仅仅要求考生要读懂文章表层意思，还要考生领会深层含义以及有可能的未完待续的观点、做法或者类别等。此外还要求考生非常细心，善于观察和推理，稍不留神就很可能做错。

E、句子、短语或词汇理解题

1.标志：在题干中明确指出原文中的某句话或某个短语,或某个单词，要求理解其意思。

2.关键：返回原文，对出题句进行语法、句法、词法的分析，精确了解其含义。

3.注意：重要的不是上下文，而是该句本身。正确答案与原文是同义关系，与原文其他无关联，选项一般无绝对的判断，有绝对判断的则必错

例2008.Question.42.According to the context, ”capital investment“ refers to money

A.spent on a washing machine.B.borrowed from the bank.C.saved in the bank.D.lent to other people.”

这类题难度较题干单词意思推断而言，要稍微复杂一点，但还是很容易提高和把握的。

F.态度题

1.标志：attitude,deem,believe,consider,regard,tone

2.作者态度只分三类(1)支持，赞同，乐观(2)客观，中立(3)反对，批评，怀疑，悲观。除此之外没有其他作者态度。有些选项一定不是答案，例如：indifferent,subjective,biased,puzzling

3.识别作者态度有以下方法;(1)依据中心句推论(2)当作者态度未明确提出时，要找文章中带有褒贬意义的词(3)根据所举例子的正负来判断，只提一方，则不中立;两方均提，不管例子有多少，是否平衡，都中立。

例2008.Question 45.From this passage, we can infer that the writer is about the home electric goods for liberating the modem women.A.opponent B.pessimistic C.happy D.concerned

第三篇：山大考博英语大纲

一、考试目的

全面考查考生是否达到了从事高级研究所需要的英语语言综合运用能力的要求。

二、考试性质与范围

属于标准参照性考试。考试范围包括听、读、写、译四个方面的能力。

三、考试形式

为了有效地考核考生综合运用英语进行交际的能力，既兼顾考试的科学性、客观性，又考虑到考试的可行性。采用多种试题形式，以保证考试的效度和信度。

四、考试内容

共有六个部分：听力理解、语法与词汇、阅读理解、语言运用、英译汉、写作。

Ⅰ.听力理解(Listening Comprehension)(15 points)1.测试要求

(a)能听懂真实交际场合中的各种英语会话和讲话。

(b)能听懂有关政治、经济、文化等方面的专题的英文报道。

(c)能听懂有关文化、教育、科普方面的演讲。

2.测试目的

测试考生获取口头信息的能力。

Ⅱ.语法与词汇(Part Ⅱ: Grammar and Vocabulary)(15 points)1.测试要求

(a)掌握并能正确运用从事高级研究所需要的语法知识。

(b)认知15,000词，并且能正确、熟练地运用其中的8,000个单词及其最基本的搭配。

2.测试目的

测试考生掌握词汇、短语及基本语法概念的熟练程度。

Ⅲ.阅读理解(Part Ⅲ: Reading Comprehension)(30 points)1.测试要求:

(a)能理解所读材料的主旨大意，分辨出其中的事实和细节。

(b)能理解字面意义和隐含意义。

(c)能根据所读材料进行判断和推理。

(d)能分析所读材料的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法。

2.测试目的

阅读理解部分测试考生通过阅读获取有关信息的能力，考核考生掌握相关阅读策略和技巧的程度。既要求准确性，也要求一定的速度。

Ⅳ.语言运用(Part Ⅳ: Use of Language)(10 points)1.测试要求

本部分提供一篇英语文章，其中有5个句子被删除。这5个句子和另外2个与文章内容不相关的句子一起作为选项附在文章末，要求考生将这5个被删除的句子挑选出来，并填写到适当的位置。

2.测试目的

测试考生运用语言知识的能力。

Ⅴ.英译汉(Part Ⅴ: English to Chinese Translation)(10 points)1.测试要求

能运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译报刊杂志上的文章和一般文学作品。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。

2.测试目的

测试考生的翻译能力。

Ⅵ.写作(Part Ⅵ: Writing)(20 points)1.测试要求

能根据所给题目及要求撰写各类体裁的文章，文章长度约200个单词；能做到内容充实，层次分明，语言通顺，用词恰当，表达得体。

2.测试目的

测试考生的写作能力

第四篇：华中科大考博英语

华中科技大学博士研究生入学《英语》考试大纲 总则

本大纲的各项规定作为华中科技大学博士研究生入学考试英语（第一外语）考试考题编写参考以及质量检查的依据。考生对象

本大纲的考生对象是参加华中科技大学博士研究生入学考试并把英语作为第一外语的全国考生。

考试时间及记分

本考试采取百分制记分，满分为100分；考试时间为180分钟。

一、考试目的

博士研究生入学英语考试是为了考察考生的实际英语应用能力是否达到非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲中《硕士研究生英语教学与考试》规定的要求。考试成绩用于博士研究生的入学选拔。

二、考试设计

本考试共分为四部分：完形填空（10％）、阅读理解（40％）、英汉互译（30％）和英语写作（20％）。

1.完形填空（10％）

本部分测试考生的语言知识及综合运用能力。测试内容包括词汇的认知能力、搭配知识的掌握，句法结构的理解和篇章阅读、分析能力。本部分给出一篇约200单词的短文，文中留出10处空白，每空为一题，设4个备选答案。要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从中挑选一个最佳选项，使短文的内容和结构完整合理。2.阅读理解（40％）

本部分测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取信息的能力，即对阅读材料的细节、事实、要点、作者观点和态度的理解能力。题材包括社会、文化、史地、科普及人物传记等内容，体裁涉及叙事、议论、描述、说明和应用文等。该部分给出4篇约500单词的文章，每篇文章后面附5个问题，每个问题设四个备选答案。要求考生根据文章内容从每题选出一个最佳选项。3.英汉互译（30％）

本部分测试考生的英汉互译能力。考试形式为翻译段落划线部分，原文内容涉及社会、文化、史地和科普知识。要求考生将200-250汉字长度的中文段落划线部分准确地翻译成通顺的英文，以及将相当长度的英文段落划线部分准确翻译成通顺的中文。4.英语写作（20％）

本部分测试考生的英语书面表达能力。要求考生根据给出的题目和提纲，或者根据情景或图表自拟题目，用英语写出一篇约200单词的短文。要求作文切题、意义连贯、文字通顺，并符合英文表达习惯。华中科技大学外国语学院 中国语言文学系

院系：中文系联系电话：87557713

联系人：陈燕玉 中国语言文学系简称中文系，其前身是1980年成立的中文教研室和语言研究所(首任所长为著名语言学家严学宭先生)，1985年正式建系。中文系现设有汉语言文学、汉语国际教育两个本科专业，具有一级学科博士授予权和一级学科硕士授予权（含文艺学、语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、世界文学与比较文学等8个硕士点），并建有汉语国际教育专业硕士学位点。现有教师35人，其中教授12人，副教授14人，余为讲师与助教；教师中有博士学位者31人。教师里有1人次担任全国中文专业教学指导委员会委员，1人次任汉语国际教育专业硕士学位教学指导委员会委员，2人次享受国务院特殊津贴，1人次为湖北省跨世纪学术带头人，12人次先后分别担任了全国、省级相关学会的副会长、会长、常务理事、理事、秘书长、副秘书长等学术职务。三十年来，在学校的大力支持和全体教师的团结奋斗下，在学术研究和教书育人方面取得了较大成绩，培养造就了一支具有相当高的学术声望、教学效果好、奉献精神强的师资队伍，形成了踏实与创新相结合的优良传统。语言学的研究在国内已有相当大的影响，尉迟治平教授的音韵学研究与计算语言学研究、李崇兴教授的近代汉语研究、董为光教授的词汇学研究、黄树先教授的对比语言学研究、程邦雄教授的文字学研究、何洪峰教授的现代汉语语法研究，已经得到同行的广泛关注和认同；文学研究也呈现出良好的发展势头，王乾坤教授的鲁迅研究、刘真伦教授的古代文献研究、何锡章教授的现代文学思潮与鲁迅研究、李俊国教授的都市文学研究、王毅教授的新诗研究、蒋济永教授的文学阅读与批评研究、岳珍教授的词学研究、刘久明教授的郁达夫与外国作家关系研究，在学术界皆产生了不同程度的影响，具有一定的学术地位。

自1987年开始招收本科生、1990年获得第一个硕士点以来，已培养出各类学生千余人，其中本科生1500余人，硕士生700余人，博士生60余人。毕业生大都在党政机关、各级新闻媒体和各类学校等单位工作，有数十人分别考取北京大学、清华大学、北京师范大学、南京大学、浙江大学、武汉大学、华东师范大学、中山大学、中国社会科学院以及本校等单位的硕士、博士。现在在校本科生400余人，硕士生130余人，博士生30余人。近年来，中文系教师先后承担了国家社科基金重大项目和一般项目9项，教育部重点项目与规划项目8项，其它省级科研课题10余项，8项成果获省级社会科学优秀成果奖；出版学术著作30多部，在国家级等重要学术期刊上发表论文250余篇。

自建系以来，中文系就十分注重与海外学校、学术机关的学术交流，近五年来，先后由10余人次到美国、日本、德国、韩国、俄罗斯、新加坡等国以及港、台等地讲学、进行学术交流，并与美国伟恩州立大学、韩国庆尚大学、安东大学、国立新加坡大学等建立了稳定的系际交流与合作关系。

中文系现主办有在海内外影响甚大的学术季刊《语言研究》。系资料室藏书较丰富，有图书7万余册并订有大量国内外主要学术期刊。

中国语言文学系博士招生指标全部用于公开招考。

热烈欢迎海内外同仁到中文系工作，讲学；衷心欢迎学生报考中文系的本科、硕士与博士。学科专业名称及代码、研究方向

招生 人数

考试科目

备注

401中国语言文学系

050101文艺学

①2305 文学原理与研究方法 ②1101 英语

1102 俄语

1103 日语

1104 德语

③3537 中西文论史

(1101、1102、1103、1104 选一)

01 文学阐释学

02 艺术与文化传播

03 艺术哲学

04 文学本体研究

050102语言学及应用语言学

①2275 语言学理论 ②1101 英语

1102 俄语

1103 日语

1104 德语 ③3503 汉语史

(1101、1102、1103、1104 选一)

01 比较语言学

02 语法理论

03 应用语言学

050103汉语言文字学

①2275 语言学理论 ②1101 英语

1102 俄语

1103 日语

1104 德语 ③3503 汉语史

(1101、1102、1103、1104 选一)

01 文字学

02 汉语语法学

03 历史语言学

04 国学/唐宋文学

050105中国古代文学

①2275 语言学理论 ②1101 英语

1102 俄语

1103 日语

1104 德语 ③3503 汉语史

(1101、1102、1103、1104 选一)

01 唐宋文学

050106中国现当代文学

①2305 文学原理与研究方法 ②1101 英语

1102 俄语

1103 日语

1104 德语

③3538 中国现当代文学史论(1101、1102、1103、1104 选一)

01 中国现当代文学语言研究

02 中国现当代文学价值研究

03 中国现当代文学与都市审美

04 中国现当代文学文本类型与叙事研究

05 中国现当代诗歌研究

06 中国现当代文学与文学批评

050108比较文学与世界文学

①2305 文学原理与研究方法 ②1101 英语

1102 俄语

1103 日语

1104 德语

③3550 外国文学专题

(1101、1102、1103、1104 选一)

01 欧美文学研究

02 中外文学比较研究

第五篇：山大考博英语2014-2010

2014山大考博英语

2014-04-07 语法词汇题比较难，30个单选题，一个0.5分，基本上是考查词意的 完型题20个，一个0.5分，01年考研真题

阅读理解4篇，每个题1.5分，30分，都是六级和考研原题（最近两年阅读没出专八题）7选5，共10分，关于奥巴马的

英译汉五个，一个3分，长句子翻译比较难，费得时间比较长 作文20分，关于children surfing the net

2013山大考博英语

Part I Grammar and Vocabulary

1.The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that __________ the speakers stopped for deferments.A.at large B.at intervals C.at ease D.at random

2.When traveling, you are advised to take travelers’ checks, which provide a secure__________ to carrying your money in cash.A.substitute B.selection C.inference D.alternative

3.I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a character.A.gracious B.suspicious C.unique D.particular

4.Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this__________produces artificial cold surrounding it.A.absorption B.transition C.consumption D.interaction

5.Language, culture, and personality may be considered__________of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.A.Indistinctly B.separately C.irrelevantly D.independently

6.Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th__________the birth of Jesus Christ.A.in accordance with B.in terms of C.in favor of D.in honor of

7.To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must __________the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.A.improve B.enhance C.guarantee D.gear

8.To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed __________and means of packing.A.specimens B.inspections C.samples D.specifications

9.Many of the conditions that __________population pressures---overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness---lead to dissatisfaction.A.bring forward B.give rise to C.feed up with D.result from

10.Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily__________for a month or a year as for a single day.A.put up B.stay up C.speed up D.make up

11.The fact that the earth’s surface heats__________provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region.A.infrequently B.irregularly C.unsteadily D.uneverny

12.If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird __________a set of actions to protect its offspring.A.hastens B.releases C.devises D.initiates

13.How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be__________to tourist spending?

A.attributed B.applied C.contributed D.attached

14.Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and __________for us in an advanced age;and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.A.ingredient B.reliance C.shelter D.inclination

15.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to __________wonderful bargains in the market.A.pick up B.bump into C.pile up D.bring back

16.Scientists are searching for the oldest tree __________because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.A.lively B.alive C.living D.live

17.The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City __________shock and anger throughout the world.A.tempted B.provoked C.summoned D.enveloped

18.A 1994 World Bank report concluded that __________girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.A.enrolling B.assigning C.involving D.consenting

19.The UN official said aid programs will be __________until there is adequate protection for relief personnel.A.multiplied B.arrested C.spanned D.suspended

20.Despite almost universal__________of the vital importance of women’s literacy, education remains a dream for many women in far too many countries of the world.A.confession B.identification C.acknowledgement D.compliment

21.Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now __________much of their food.A.deliver B.import C.produce D.develop

22.Because Jenkins neither __________nor defends either management or the striking workers, both aides admire his journalistic

A.criticizes...acumen B.attacks…neutrality C.confronts…aptitude D.dismisses…flair

23.Some anthropologists claim that a few aps have been taught a rudimentary sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only __________their trainers.A.imitating B.condoning C.instructing D.acknowledging

24.It is ironic that the__________insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they have become mere

A.oriinal… cliches B.banal… beliefs C.dubious… habits D.philosophical-questions 25.The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable__________, when weight loss if not stops.A.moods… accelerates B.feasts… halts C.holidays… contracts D.plateaus… slows

26.Since the author’s unflattering references to her friends were so__________, she was surprised that her__________were recognized.A.laudatory… styles B.obvious… anecdotes C.oblique… allusions D.critical… eulogies

27.If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the erosion of religion herald the __________of moraliy?

A, regulation B.basis C.belief D.collapse

28.Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be __________, and therefore external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.A.learned… immune to B.innate… unaffected by C.intricate… belong to D.specific… confused with

29.Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy __________at any price.A.order B.emancipation C.hope D.liberty

30.As a person who combines care with _________, Marisa completed her duties with__________as well as zeal.A.levity… resignation B.enthusiasm… meticulousness C.vitality… willingness D.empathy… rigor

PartⅡ Close

The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology.As the name __31__ , it combines biology and modern technology through such __32__ as genetic engineering.Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, __33__ in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent(取得专利)seeds that give a high yield(产量), that __34__ disease, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for dangerous chemicals.__35__ such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial.But some have raised __36__ about genetically engineered crops.“In nature, genetic diversity(多样性)is created within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food and Our Environment.“A rose can be crossed(杂交)with a different kind of rose, but a lose will __37__ cross with a potato...” Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to __38__ a desired property or character.This could mean, __39__ , selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant.It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes __40__ from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.__41__ , then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that __42__ species.Like the green revolution,(43)what some call the gene revolution(44)contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity(千篇一律)–some say even more so(45)because geneticists can employ techniques such(46)as cloning and organ culture, processes that produce perfectly(47)identical copies, or clones.Concerns about the biodiversity, therefore, remain.Genetically altered plants, however, raise new(48)issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment.―We are flying blindly into a new(49)of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potensial(50), ‖ said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.31.A.suggests B.recalls C.concerns D.advises

32.A.concepts B.views C.techniques D.courses

33.A.participate B.focus C.specialize D.involve

34.A.treat B.avoid C.oppose D.resist

35.A.If B.Unless C.Since D.As

36.A.demands B.topics C.concerns D.lessons

37.A.sometimes B.never C.frequently D.eventually

38.A.convey B.transfer C.select D.collect

39.A.for example B.for one thing C.on one hand D.in any case

40.A.resulted B.evolved C.injected D.taken

41.A.In contrast B.In that C.In case D.In essence

42.A.separate B.form C.create D.vary

43.A.what B.where C.as D.so

44.A.combines B.contributes C.commands D.breaks

45.A.that B.because C.if D.when

46.A.like B.for example C.as D.is

47.A.resembling B.alike C.similar D.identical

48.A.issues B.height C.difficulties D.goals

49.A.spot B.era C.deadline D.scheme

50.A.navigations B.mystery C.outcomes D.destinations Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Passage 1

The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be ―all things to all people‖.In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students.The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends.The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context;skills, rather than being means, have become ends.Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree.In short, driven by careerism, ―the nation’s colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials(文凭)than in providing a quality education for their students.―The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an integrated core of common learning.Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus.― Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching.In fact, they do much to undermine it.As one professor observed: ―Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.‖ Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates.Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure(终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases.Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research.Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that ―There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.‖

51.When a college tries to be ―all things to al people‖(Lines 1-2, Para.1)it aims to ________.A)satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously

B)focus on training students in various skills

C)encourage students to take as many courses as possible

D)make learning serve academic rather than productive ends

52.By saying that ―in too many academic fields, the work has no context‖(Lines 4-5, Pare.1)the author means that the teaching in these areas ________.A)ignores the actual situation

B)is not based on the right perspective

C)only focuses on an integrated core of common learning

D)gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students

53.One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that ________.A)a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges

B)students don’t have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn

C)skills are being taught as a means to an end

D)students are only interested in obtaining credentials

54.American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because ________.A)most of them lack high-quality faculties

B)the interests of most faculty members lie in research

C)there are not enough incentives for students to study hard

D)they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching

55.It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for ________.A)putting academic work in the proper context

B)a commitment to students and effective teaching

C)the practice of putting leaning to productive ends

D)dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge

答案

51.C 52.B 53.A 54.D 55.B Passage 2

Endangered Species Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction.Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution.Since the formation of the earth, many more species have become extinct than those exist today.These species slowly disappeared because of changes of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation(捕食).Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment(侵犯)on natural ecology systems.Today the majority of the world’s environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection.Species become extinct or endangered for a number of reasons, but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats(栖息地).Drainage of wetlands(沼泽地), cutting and clearing of forests, growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats.As the various surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal populations crowd into smaller areas, causing further destruction of natural surroundings.Species in these small islands‖ lose contact with other populations of their own kind, thus reducing their genetic variation and making them less adaptable to environment changes.Since the 1600s, commercial exploitation of animals for food and other products has caused many species to become extinct or endangered.Introduced diseases and parasites have also greatly reduced some species.Pollution is another important cause of their extinction.Some private and governmental efforts have been organized to save declining species.Laws were made in some countries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing.International endeavors are shown in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.approved by 51 nations.Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulating and restricting trade in certain species.How effective such laws will be in various countries, however, depends on enforcement(实施)and support by the people and the courts.Because of a lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species, the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade, the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.56 According to the passage, which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapid extinction of man species since the 17th century?

A Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.B Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution.C The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.D The world’s climate has changed so greatly that most species cannot survive.57 In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word islands refers to

A the lands that are completely surrounded by water.B the wild animals’ breeding grounds protected by law

C the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roads.D the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species.58 This passage mentions all of the following reasons that cause the extinction of man species except

A natural selection of species.B various natural disasters.C commercial trade and killing.D destruction of natural surroundings.59 According to the passage, which of the following is most important in saving declining species?

A Governments should make some laws to protect endangered species.B People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.C Relevant laws must be made and enforced with the support of the people.D Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.60 How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct?

A Worried.B Optimistic.C Indifferent.D Confident.Passage 3

Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing.They actually saw it as afactor in world peace.They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies.None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war.Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn.The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs(粘膜炎)and consumptions.The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves.Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs.In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy(中风).The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight.But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite.They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable.If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort.Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats;but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all;no seats and no roof;they were just open trucks.So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed.In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost;they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic(滑稽的)press.This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway.The state of his mind is being enquired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages.He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood.Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came.He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.61.All boys and girls in large families know that

A)a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together

B)people tend to be together more than they used to be

C)a lot of people being together makes fights likely

D)Railway leads the world to peace

62.According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except.A)the railway enables people travel fast

B)the railway brings comfort to people

C)the railway makes the world peaceful

D)the railway leads the world to war as well.63.According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but.A)tunnels are dangerous to public health

B)the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nerves

C)the rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungs

D)to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die

64.We may safely conclude that.A)the author belongs to the anti-railway group

B)the author belongs to the for-railway group

C)the author speaks highly of the railway

D)the author may never take train because of its potential dangers

65.What is the tone of this passage?

A)Practical B)Satirical C)Humorous D)Exaggerated

答案

61.C 62.D 63.D 64.A 65.C Passage Passage 4

The Myth of College Many of you young persons out there are seriously thinking about going to college.(That is, of course, a lie.The only things you young persons think seriously about are loud music and sex.Trust me: these are closely related to college).College is basically a bunch of rooms where you sit for roughly two thousand hours and try to memorize things.The two thousand hours are spread out over four years;you spend the rest of the time sleeping and trying to get dates.Basically, you learn two kinds of things in college:

Things you need to know later in life(two hours).These include how to make collect telephone calls and get beer and crepe-paper stains out of your pajamas.Things you will not need to know in later life(1,998 hours).These are the things you learn in classes whose names end in-ology,-osophy,-istry,-ics, and so on.The idea is you memorize these things, then write them down in little exam books, then forget them.If you fail to forget them, you become a professor and have to stay in college for the rest of your life.It's very difficult to forget everything.For example, when I was in college, I had to memorizethe names of the metaphysical poets other than John Donne.I have managed to forget one of them, but I still remember that the other two were named Vaughan and Crashaw.Sometimes, when I'm trying to remember something important, like whether my wife told me to get tuna packed in oil or tuna packed in water, Vaughan and Crashaw just pop up in my mind, right there in the supermarket.It's a terrible waste of brain cells.After you've been in college for a year or so, you're supposed to choose a major, which is the subject you intend to memorize and forget the most things about.Here is a very important piece of advice: be sure to choose a major that does not involve Known Facts and Right Answers.This means that you must not major in mathematics, physics, biology or chemistry, because these subjects involve actual facts.If, for example, you major in mathematics, you're going to wander into class one day and the professor will say: “Define the cosine integer of the quadrant of the rhomboid binary axis, and extrapolate your result to five significant vertices.” If you don't come up with exactly the answer the professor has in mind, you fail.The same is true of chemistry: if you write in your exam book that carbon and hydrogen combine to form oak, your professor will flunk you.He wants you to come up with the same answer he and all the other chemists have agreed on.Scientists are extremely snotty about this.68.When should the college students choose a major?

A.The moment they go to college

B.After they have been in college for nearly two years

C.After they have been in college for a year or so

D.When they become a senior

69.The word ―flunk‖ in the last paragraph means

A.float B.fail C.ridicule D.dupe

70.What is the beat title for the passage?

A.The Myth of College

B.What Can You Learn in College?

C.How to Enjoy Your College Life

D.The Importance of College Part Ⅳ Use of Language

The psychology of warranties保单心理学

Protection racket保护之诈

If extended guarantees are overpriced, why are they so popular? CUSTOMERS tend to agonise over the relative merits of different models of electronic goods such as digital cameras or plasma televisions.But when they get to the till, many spend freely on something they barely think about at all: an extended warranty, which is often more profitable to the retailer than the device it covers.Shoppers typically pay 10-50% of the cost of a product to insure it beyond the term covered by the manufacturer’s guarantee.71.Yet products rarely break within the period covered, and repairs tend to cost no more than the warranty itself.72 l.So why, asks a paper published in the December issue of the Journal of Consumer Research, do so many consumers still buy extended warranties? The authors—Tao Chen of the University of Maryland, Ajay Kalra of Rice University and Baohong Sun of Carnegie Mellon University—examined purchase data from a big electronics retailer for over 600 households from November 2003 to October 2004.73.If a customer is about to buy something fun(ie, a plasma television rather than a vacuum cleaner), he will be more inclined to splash out on extra insurance.This is because consumers value ―hedonic‖ items over utilitarian ones, regardless of the actual price tag.74.The study also found that poorer consumers are more likely to buy ―potentially unnecessary and overpriced insurance‖, because they are more worried about the expense of replacing a product if it breaks.75.But although most policies go unused, he admits that the emotional tranquillity that comes with buying a new warranty is not in itself without value, even if ―rationally, it doesn’t make sense‖.A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary(and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shopper’s mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a product’s failure, says Mr Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal

答案

B G E A F

Part Ⅴ Translation

1.Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more ―unnatural food.‖

2.According to a growing body of exidence, the chemicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids, ending up in your body.3.Consider the survey evidence, which shows that while most Americans want to have both science and religion in their lives, they’ ll only go so far to preserve the former at the expense of the latter.4.The bodies who play major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.5.This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yieds.Part Ⅵ Writing

As the society develops, interpersonal relationships are getting more and more indifferent.Please make comment on the phenomena