比尔盖茨哈佛唐静翻译[优秀范文5篇]

第一篇：比尔盖茨哈佛唐静翻译

[来源:新东方 作者:唐静]

一

9月1日。

昨天接到新东方石编辑的约稿电话的时候,烈日高照,我正在报国寺的旧书摊与杂货店老板鏖战,因为一本1925年的英语词典,他要四十,我只给三十。老石说,要我翻译一篇比尔盖茨的哈佛演讲稿,而且说,在网络上已经有现成的译文,只要我看看就行。

对盖茨,我懂得是谁,可是不认识,没见过。读过他的演讲稿并不多,仅停留在“懂得”的程度;再加上繁忙的暑假课程昨天刚结束,今天又来了事情;那边厢高档教育出版社的编辑约了半个月的关于翻译教程的论文都没有开头,这边厢又来要翻译一篇有“译文”的翻译作业。我实在是害怕翻译这种已经有“译文”的东东,这么多年来的翻译实践和教学经验告诉我,做翻译难,改翻译更难,要超越1个正确的译文,则难上加难。起首,别人已经有1个译文在那里,你的翻译转换思维,可能就会被他牵着走,找不到词,瞎琢磨。其次,仔细想来,要深入地去研究1个举世瞩目的“巨头”,就金钱、就事业、就人格,无论是什么他都是“巨头”,理解他的思想,翻译他的文章,整出1个能够见人的译文来,俺心虚。

可是,N年前,因为找翻译资料,俺欠下了老石和另1个编辑赵露的人情,答应请他和赵露去吃饭,他们也没有时间。既然派活来了,似乎是我还比较喜欢做的活。我认了。

词典的价也不讲了,再慌忙寻觅了点鲁迅的德文版的《中国小说史略》,回家。

从昨天晚上八点左右,坐到pc前,到今天的凌晨三点,我没有起来过;继而今天早上起床后,我没有洗脸,继续坐到pc前,到现鄙人午一点,没有困倦意,没有饥饿感,只有思绪。

二

初读盖茨的演讲,觉得这哥们儿真能搞,这不就是一典型的“新东方精神”嘛,和咱老俞差不多。都喜欢开涮,都喜欢自嘲;喜欢搞笑,狂能“忽悠”。你看,演讲开场的时候,就跟老俞喜欢拿王强和小平开涮一样,盖茨先拿校长开涮:President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust。注意称号啊,“校长博克师长教师,前任校长鲁登斯坦,和接替职务的福斯特”。哪有这样的啊,我退休了你不要点名,行不?干吗非要当着那么多人,绝对是要说我是“在任,前任,照旧接替职务”。这还不算,要开始说话,得四处打圆场,盖茨深谙此道,再说“校董事会的各位董事,校务监督委员会的各位委员,各位老师,各位家长”。而更特长的是,他还得要更多的人喝彩,所以,强调一下“and especially, the graduates(尤其是,诸位毕业生)”。

开涮结束,再自嘲一番,且听:

I’ve been waiting more than 30 years to say t你好s: “Dad, I always told you I’d come back and get my degree.”(我一直等了三十多年,现在终于可谓了:“爸,我老跟你说,我会回来拿到我的学位的!”)I want to thank Harvard for t你好s timely honor.I’ll be changing my job next year „ and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.(感谢哈佛实时地给我这个荣誉。来岁,我就要换工作(译者注:从微软公司退休)„„我终于可以在简历上写我有1个大学学历,这真是正确啊。)

啥意思,“回来拿学位”,“换工作”,典型的修饰手法——按捺陈述。这挥手法和老俞差不多,先说自己考了N年北大,再说自己是“插秧能手”,再说自己是“怕老婆”,还说自己是“失败者,被北大开除”。盖茨的作法如出一辙:

我为在座的各位毕业生而鼓掌,你们拿到学位可比我轻松多了。而我,之所以高兴,是因为哈佛的校报称我是“哈佛大学历史上最乐成的失学生”。我想这大概使我有资历代表我这一类特殊的学生在此致辞——在所有的失败者中,我做得最好。同时,我也想让大家也懂得,我就是阿谁让史蒂夫 三

9月2日

夜色茫茫,到此刻停笔,算足我的所有翻译时间,应该是花了八个小时左右。可是,这两天,除了翻译这篇演讲稿,我什么也没有做。网络上另一名朋友阮一峰,就是老石最早给我提供英语译文的译者,说他翻译花了两个晚上,估计时间也差不多吧。我一一参考过他的译文,也一一比对了英语原文。他的译笔,偶有疵瑕,可是相当准确。不敢妄加评论,说说我自己的翻译吧。没错,盖茨这篇演讲辞可谓令人叫绝。从最初的调侃自嘲为演讲铺下轻松的基调;到中间冷静的提出问题,从而话锋一转,摆出1个发人深省的问题;然后,再客不雅的阐发问题,告之于人们处理完成问题的方法;最后号召哈佛的诸位毕业生去迎接挑战,处理完成问题。一路读来,文章层次分明,有主有次;有血有肉,有空泛的论述,有短小的故事;;遣词精确,有调侃的口语,有论述的长句,有精练的短句,有大段的排比,还有简略可是发人深省的设问。所以,掌握其原文气势派头,译出原作的风姿并不容易。我的基本翻译策略依然是:准确忠厚,适当归化。

四

说准确忠厚,这是任何翻译的前提。不可胡编滥造,不可肆意增减少。好比,在一开始翻译称号的时候,我就犯难了。原文是:

President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates: 首次下手,我翻译成这个样子:

译文一:校长博克,前校长鲁登斯坦,即将上任的校长福斯特。

可是,稍微一读,感觉不对。因为咱们中国人在演讲的时候,似乎不会吧人分成这个样子来叫。因为无论是在任的、退休的、接替职务的,我们都会尊敬的称号其为“校长”。(或者中国人的作法,一般是退休的,就不请了。)于是乎,我又改成这个样子:

译文二:博克校长,鲁登斯坦校长,福斯特校长。

这样一来,倒是勉强符合汉语的习惯称谓了。可是,原文的那几个former和incoming怎么办?不准确啊。想来想去,为了准确,同时让演讲稿具有可读性,我有试图翻译成:

译文三:校长博克师长教师,前校长鲁登斯坦师长教师,即将上任的校长福斯特女士。

这样,读起来似乎稍微好点。只是把他们的性别增加上去了。可是,这种增加其性别称谓的作法,明显有悖于原文;不单如此,据说那位福斯特女士尤其不喜欢人家叫她“女校长”,而是喜欢叫她为“校长”。

不得已,实在仔细想想原文,或许当初盖茨师长教师就是为了调侃故意而为之,要把他们三个分个清楚。既如此,那就让译文不通顺,所以,我爽性照搬原文,对译如下,这样似乎更“搞笑”:

译文四:校长博克,前任校长鲁登斯坦,接替职务校长福斯特。

称谓的最后,是演讲人面对的更多的大众,所以,演讲人强调了一下:and especially, the graduates:

我开始也直译成:尤其是,各位毕业同学。

可是,读来读去,总觉得差那么一点味道,需要把当时调侃的轻松心情和对听众的尊重合理传达。于是念念有词的想了半天“尤其是,特别是,尤其是,特别是,各位毕业同学,各位毕业生,诸位毕业同学,诸位毕业生”。最后,照旧选择了:特别是,诸位毕业生。

又如:

It took me decades to find out.实在,要理解这个句子非常简略,要翻译也非常简略。

我开始翻译为:

译文一:我花了几十年,才弄清楚了。

译文二:花了我几十年,我才我发现了问题。

译文三:几十年后,我才懂得。

译文四:几十年了,我才明白。

4个译文,当初似乎还想到了更多,可是我选择了最后1个。为什么? 因为前边是在一阵调侃之后,开始要陈述自己在哈佛的一大遗憾。且稍微看看中文:

可是,仔细地回想过往,我确实有一大遗憾。

我离开哈佛的时候,底子没有意识到这个世界是何等的不平等——人类在健康、财富和机遇上的鸿沟大得惊人,这一切使无数人陷入了绝望。就是在哈佛,我吸收到了很多关于政治和经济的新思想。我也接触到了很多科学上的新进展。

可是,人类最大的进步并不在于这些巨大的发现本身,而是在于我们如何应用这些发现去消除社会的不平等征象。无论是建立人民有参与国事的权的政治制度,照旧健全公共的教育体制,无论是提供杰出的医疗保健,照旧创造广泛的经济机会——消除社会不公始末是人类最大的成绩。

我离开校园的时候,底子不懂得在这个国度里,有数一百万的年轻人无法获得教育的机会;底子不懂得在一些发展中国度,有数一百万的人民生活在无以言表的赤贫和疾病之中

经过了大段的句子,经过了几个排比,提出了一系列问题之后。演讲人一声悲哀的叹息:It took me decades to find out.显然,“几十年了,我才明白。”似乎更能准确的表达作者的心境。五

说“适当归化”,因为毕竟是演讲词,原文作者用词极其洗练,相当精确,除了开始的调侃和自嘲和后面讲故事的时候,多用口语文体以外;后面有大量的排比和设问,辞藻略显华丽。所以,我翻译的时候,在准确忠厚的前提下,只管即便归化成为一篇合格的汉语演讲词。

如:

They say: “Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end – because people just „ don’t „ care.” I completely disagree.I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.我这样翻译了:

他们说:“不平等征象是我们生而有之、老也将存的问题——因为人们对这个问题漠不体贴。”对此,我不以为然。

我认为,不是我们漠不体贴,而是我们束身无策。

实在,用“生而有之、老也将存”和“漠不体贴、束身无策”来处理。我犹豫了一下,可是,我照旧选择了这样处理。因为,这样并不违背原文的意思,倒能让演讲词读起来上口。

又如:

and at the 关了 of the letter she said: “From those to whom much is given, much is expected.”

这是盖茨的母亲在他们结婚头几天写给他妻子的一封信,主要是要告诉他们要多为别人着想,多为别人做事情,要勇于承担责任。那时候,盖茨已经考上哈佛,他的母亲在身患癌症后传达给她子孙的信息。

我开始翻译为:

译文一:得到得多,期望就多。

这个译文很容易引起歧义。“得到得多,期望就多”,似乎感觉,我得到的还不够,我还要更多。所以,稍微修改了一下:

译文二:被给予的越多,期望就越大。

这样似乎更不当帖。仔细阐发了原文,实在,英语句子的原文是在说,1个恩既然已经被给予了很多,就应该被别人期望做出更多的事情来,他的责任就更多。(如果硬译的话,便是这样的意思了。)仔细比对上下文,我发现,这层意思是准确的,是完全忠厚于原文的。于是,我就斗胆的翻译为:

译文三:天赋于斯,大任在肩。

可是,后来再翻译下文的时候,发现原文作者进一步阐述了这个问题,而且重复引用到了此中的两个关键词given和expected。所以,为了下文行文的方便,我又翻译为:

译文四:天赋于斯,大任在肩,得到越多,期望更大。

这个“期望”就不会引起歧义,因为上文有“大任在肩”限定,这个“期望”就用了汉语的“主动布局陈述被动”的方式翻译出来了。似乎还比较满意。

六

尽管如此,依然惶恐。无论怎样,我是翻译出来,好与欠好,读者评价,同时,就教于各位同行。可是,我能说,我是把原文的每个单词都思量过,而且,大多数,都不只思量过一次。

这就是翻译。

第二篇：比尔盖茨哈佛演讲稿

idn’t care, but because we didn’t know what to do.if we had known how to help, we would have acted.此刻在这个院子里的所有人，生命中总有这样或那样的时刻，目睹人类的悲剧，感到万分伤心。但是我们什么也没做，并非我们无动于衷，而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。如果我们知道如何做是有效的，那么我们就会采取行动。

the barrier to change is not too little caring;it is too much complexity.改变世界的阻碍，并非人类的冷漠，而是世界实在太复杂。

to turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact.but complexity blocks all three steps.为了将关心转变为行动，我们需要找到问题，发现解决办法的方法，评估后果。但是世界的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。

even with the advent of the internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems.when an airplane crashes, officials immediately call a press conference.they promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台，让人们真正发现问题所在，仍然十分困难。当一架飞机坠毁了，官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会，他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来再次发生类似事故。

but if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: “of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane.we’re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent.”

但是如果那些官员敢说真话，他们就会说：“在今天这一天，全世界所有可以避免的死亡之中，只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力，调查这个0.5%的死亡原因。”

the bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable deaths.显然，更重要的问题不是这次空难，而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。

we don’t read much about these deaths.the media covers what’s new – and millions of people dying is nothing new.so it stays in the background, where it’s easier to ignore.but even when we do see it or read about it, it’s difficult to keep our eyes on the problem.it’s hard to look at suffering if the situation is so complex that we don’t know how to help.and so we look away.我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻，几百万人将要死去并非新闻。如果没有人报道，那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面，即使 我们确实目睹了事件本身或者看到了相关报道，我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的，何况问题又如此复杂，我们根本不知道如何去帮助他 人。所以我们会将脸转过去。

if we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.就算我们真正发现了问题所在，也不过是迈出了第一步，接着还有第二步：那就是从复杂的事件中找到解决办法。

finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring.if we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks “how can i help?,” then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted.but complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to matter.如果我们要让关心落到实处，我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的答案，那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时 候，我们就能采取行动。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是，世界的复杂性使得很难找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法，因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生实际效果。

cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have — whether it’s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法，可以分为四个步骤：确定目标，找到最高效的方法，发现适用于这个方法的新技术，同时最聪明地利用现有的技术，不管它是复杂的药物，还是最简单的蚊帐。

the aids epidemic offers an example.the broad goal, of course, is to end the disease.the highest-leverage approach is prevention.the ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose.so governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research.but their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标，毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理想的技术是发明一种疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以终生免疫。所以，政府、制药公司、基金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是，这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此，与此同时，我们必须使用现有的技术，目前最有效的预防方法 就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行为。

pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again.this is the pattern.the crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender to complexity and quit.要实现这个新的目标，又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误，那时我们因为它们太复杂，而放弃了采取行动。

the final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn from your efforts.在发现问题和找到解决方法之后，就是最后一步——评估工作结果，将你的成功经验或者失败经验传播出去，这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。

you have to have the statistics, of course.you have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children.you have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying from these diseases.this is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and government.当然，你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道，你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗。你也必须让他人知道，儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的，不仅有利于改善项目效果，也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。

but if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than numbers;you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel what saving a life means to the families affected.但是，这些还不够，如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目，你就必须拿出更多的统计数字；你必须展示你的项目的人性因素，这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命，对那些处在困境中的家庭到底意味着什么。

i remember going to davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel that was discussing ways to save millions of lives.millions!think of the thrill of saving just one person’s life – then multiply that by millions.… yet this was the most boring panel i’ve ever been on – ever.so boring even i couldn’t bear it.几年前，我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛，会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万条生命。天哪，是几百万！想一想吧，拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动，现在你要把这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是，不幸的是，这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛，乏味到我无法强迫自己听下去。

what made that experience especially striking was that i had just come from an event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we had people jumping and shouting with excitement.i love getting people excited about software – but why can’t we generate even more excitement for saving lives?

那次经历之所以让我难忘，是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本，我们让观众激动得跳了起来，喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动，那么我们为什么不能够让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢？

you can’t get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.and how you do that – is a complex question.除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力，否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一点，并不是一件简单的事。

still, i’m optimistic.yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new tools we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever.they are new – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that’s why the future can be different from the past.同前面一样，在这个问题上，我依然是乐观的。不错，人类的不平等有史以来一直存在，但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具，却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们，将人类的同情心发挥最大的作用，这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。

the defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the computer, the internet – give us a chance we’ve never had before to end extreme poverty and end death from preventable disease.这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术，计算机，互联网——它们给了我们一个从未有过的机会，去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。

sixty years ago, george marshall came to this commencement and announced a plan to assist the nations of post-war europe.he said: “i think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation.it is virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance of the situation.”

六十年前，乔治•马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上，宣布了一个计划，帮助那些欧洲国家的战后建设。他说：“我认为，困难的一点是这个问题太复杂，报纸和电台向公众源源不断地提供各种事实，使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上，经过层层传播，想要真正地把握形势，是根本不可能的。”

thirty years after marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more visible, less distant.马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年，我那一届学生毕业，当然我不在其中。那时，新技术刚刚开始萌芽，它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。

the emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network that has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.低成本的个人电脑的出现，使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生，它为学习和交流提供了巨大的机会。

the magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance and makes everyone your neighbor.it also dramatically increases the number of brilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.网络的神奇之处，不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离，使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会，我们可以为了解决同一个问题，一起共同工作。这就大大加快了革新的进程，发展速度简直快得让人震惊。

at the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people don’t.that means many creative minds are left out of this discussion---smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don’t have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas to the world.与此同时，世界上有条件上网的人，只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着，还有许多具有创造性的人们，没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明人，却没有技术来帮助他们，将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。

we need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.they are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation george marshall spoke of 60 years ago.我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术，因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命，人类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能，不仅是政府，还 包括大学、公司、小机构、甚至个人，能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果，去改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫 穷和绝望。

members of the harvard family: here in the yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world.

第三篇：比尔盖茨哈佛演讲稿

President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates: I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: “Dad, I always told you I'd come back and get my degree.”

I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor.I'll be changing my job next year…and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees.For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me “Harvard's most successful dropout.” I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class…I did the best of everyone who failed.But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school.I'm a bad influence.That's why I was invited to speak at your graduation.If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today.Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me.Academic life was fascinating.I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for.And dorm life was terrific.I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House.There were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning.That's how I came to be the leader of the anti-social group.We clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people.Radcliffe was a great place to live.There were more women up there, and most of the guys were science-math types.That combination offered me the best odds, if you know what I mean.This is Where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn't guarantee success.One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call From Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the world's first personal computers.I offered to sell them software.I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up on me.Instead they said: “We're not quite ready, come see us in a month,” which was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet.From that moment, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Microsoft.What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and intelligence.It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging.It was an amazing privilege…and though I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made, and the ideas I worked on.But taking a serious look back…I do have one big regret.I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world--the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn millions of people to lives of despair.I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this country.And I knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing countries.It took me decades to find out.You graduates came to Harvard at a different time.You know more about the world's inequities than the classes that came before.In your years here, I hope you've had a chance to think about how--in this age of accelerating technology--we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause--and you wanted to spend that time and money Where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving lives.Where would you spend it?

For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good for the greatest number with the resources we have.During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about the millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries From diseases that we had long ago made harmless in this country.Measles, malaria, pneumonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever.One disease I had never even heard of, rotavirus, was killing half a million kids each year ? none of them in the United States.We were shocked.We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save them.But it did not.For under a dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not.We said to ourselves: “This can't be true.But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our giving.””So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it.We asked: “How could the world let these children die?”

The answer is simple, and harsh.The market did not reward saving the lives of these children, and governments did not subsidize it.So the children died because their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice in the system.But you and I have both.We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalism ? if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who aresuffering From the worst inequities.We also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the people who pay the taxes.If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world.This task is open-ended.It can never be finished.But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the world.I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is no hope.They say: “Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end ? because people just…don't…care.” I completely disagree.I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing--not because we didn't care, but because we didn't know what to do.If we had known how to help, we would have acted.The barrier to change is not too little caring;it is too much complexity.To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact.But complexity blocks all three steps.If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring.If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks “How can I help?,” then we can get action--and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted.But complexity makes it hard to mark a path ofaction for everyone who cares--and that makes it hard for their caring to matter.Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have--whether it's something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.The AIDS epidemic offers an example.The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease.The highest-leverage approach is prevention.The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose.So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research.But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand--and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again.This is the pattern.The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working--and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century--which is to surrender to complexity and quit.The final step--after seeing the problem and finding an approach--is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn From your efforts.You have to have the statistics, of course.You have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children.You have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying From these diseases.This is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment From business and government.But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more thannumbers;you have to convey the human impact of the work ? so people can feel what saving a life means to the families affected.The defining and ongoing innovations of this age--biotechnology, the computer, the Internet--give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme poverty and end death From preventable disease.The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network that has transformed

opportunities

for

learning

and communicating.The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance and makes everyone your neighbor.It also dramatically increases the number of brilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem--and that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people don't.That means many creative minds are left out of this discussion--smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas to the world.We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world.What for? There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benefactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here and around the world.But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?

Let me make a request of the deans and the professors--the intellectual leaders here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty…the prevalence of world hunger…the scarcity of clean water…the girls kept out of school…the children who die From diseases we can cure? Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's least privileged?

These are not rhetorical questions--you will answer with your policies.When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given--in talent, privilege, and opportunity--there is almost no limit to what the world has a right to expect From us.In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates here to take on an issue--a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a specialist on it.If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenomenal.But you don't have to do that to make an impact.For a few hours every week, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.Don't let complexity stop you.Be activists.Take on the big inequities.It will be one of the great experiences of your lives.You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time.As you leave Harvard, you have technology that members of my class never had.You have awareness of global inequity, which we did not have.And with that awareness, you likely also have an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people whose lives you could change with very little effort.You have more than we had;you must start sooner, and carry on longer.Knowing what you know, how could you not? And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years From now and reflect on what you have done with your talent and your energy.I hope you will judge yourselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well you have addressed the world's deepest inequities…on how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.

第四篇：比尔盖茨哈佛演讲

President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates:

尊敬的Bok校长，Rudenstine前校长，即将上任的Faust校长，哈佛集团的各位成员，监管理事会的各位理事，各位老师，各位家长，各位同学：

I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: “Dad, I always told you I'd come back and get my degree.”

有一句话我等了三十年，现在终于可以说了：“老爸，我总是跟你说，我会回来拿到我的学位的！”

I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor.I'll be changing my job next year … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年，我就要换工作了（注：指从微软公司退休）„„我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位，这真是不错啊。

I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees.For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me “Harvard's most successful dropout.” I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class … I did the best of everyone who failed.我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴，你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言„„在所有的失败者里，我做得最好。

But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school.I'm a bad influence.That's why I was invited to speak at your graduation.If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today.但是，我还要提醒大家，我使得Steve Ballmer（注：微软总经理）也从哈佛商学院退学了。因此，我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲，那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多吧。

Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me.Academic life was fascinating.I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for.And dorm life was terrific.I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House.There were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning.That's how I came to be the leader of the anti-social group.We clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people.对我来说，哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣，我常去旁听我没选修的课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒，我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很多人

一直待到半夜，讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头，我们互相粘在一起，做出一种拒绝所有正常学生的姿态。

Radcliffe was a great place to live.There were more women up there, and most of the guys were science-math types.That combination offered me the best odds, if you know what I mean.This is where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn't guarantee success.Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多，而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这种状况为我创造了最好的机会，如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是，我正是在这里学到了人生中悲伤的一课：机会大，并不等于你就会成功。

One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the world's first personal computers.I offered to sell them software.我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一，发生在1975年1月。那时，我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque的一家公司打了一个电话，那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向他们出售软件。

I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up on me.Instead they said: “We're not quite ready, come see us in a month,” which was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet.From that moment, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Microsoft.我很担心，他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生，从而挂断电话。但是他们却说：“我们还没准备好，一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息，因为那时软件还根本没有写出来呢。就是从那个时候起，我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作，这导致了我学生生活的结束，以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。

What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and intelligence.It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging.It was an amazing privilege – and though I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made, and the ideas I worked on.不管怎样，我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快，也令人感到有压力，有时甚至会感到泄气，但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引人的特殊待遇„„虽然我离开得比较早，但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这里发展起来的一些想法，永远地改变了我。

But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.但是，如果现在严肃地回忆起来，我确实有一个真正的遗憾。

I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn millions of people to lives of despair.我离开哈佛的时候，根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇上的不平等大得可怕，它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。

I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics.I got great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity.我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。但是，人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现，而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发现。

President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates:

尊敬的Bok校长，Rudenstine前校长，即将上任的Faust校长，哈佛集团的各位成员，监管理事会的各位理事，各位老师，各位家长，各位同学：

I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: “Dad, I always told you I'd come back and get my degree.”

有一句话我等了三十年，现在终于可以说了：“老爸，我总是跟你说，我会回来拿到我的学位的！”

I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor.I'll be changing my job next year … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年，我就要换工作了（注：指从微软公司退休）„„我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位，这真是不错啊。

I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees.For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me “Harvard's most successful dropout.” I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class … I did the best of everyone who failed.我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴，你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言„„在所有的失败者里，我做得最好。

But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school.I'm a bad influence.That's why I was invited to speak at your graduation.If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today.但是，我还要提醒大家，我使得Steve Ballmer（注：微软总经理）也从哈佛商学院退学了。因此，我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲，那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多吧。

Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me.Academic life was fascinating.I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for.And dorm life was terrific.I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House.There were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning.That's how I came to be the leader of the anti-social group.We clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people.对我来说，哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣，我常去旁听我没选修的课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒，我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很多人一直待到半夜，讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头，我们互相粘在一起，做出一种拒绝所有正常学生的姿态。

Radcliffe was a great place to live.There were more women up there, and most of the guys were science-math types.That combination offered me the best odds, if you know what I mean.This is where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn't guarantee success.Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多，而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这种状况为我创造了最好的机会，如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是，我正是在这里学到了人生中悲伤的一课：机会大，并不等于你就会成功。

One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the world's first personal computers.I offered to sell them software.我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一，发生在1975年1月。那时，我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque的一家公司打了一个电话，那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向他们出售软件。

I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up on me.Instead they said: “We're not quite ready, come see us in a month,” which was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet.From that moment, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Microsoft.我很担心，他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生，从而挂断电话。但是他们却说：“我们还没准备好，一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息，因为那时软件还根本没有写出来呢。

就是从那个时候起，我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作，这导致了我学生生活的结束，以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。

What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and intelligence.It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging.It was an amazing privilege – and though I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made, and the ideas I worked on.不管怎样，我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快，也令人感到有压力，有时甚至会感到泄气，但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引人的特殊待遇„„虽然我离开得比较早，但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这里发展起来的一些想法，永远地改变了我。

But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.但是，如果现在严肃地回忆起来，我确实有一个真正的遗憾。

I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn millions of people to lives of despair.我离开哈佛的时候，根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇上的不平等大得可怕，它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。

I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics.I got great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity.我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。但是，人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现，而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发现。

第五篇：新东方唐静总结翻译单词

08年

46)believe, assert, claim, argue, assume, maintain, contend, point out, be convinced that, accept, prove, demonstrate, validate, state, scribe, tell, show, consider, opine, difficulty, difficult, compensate, compensate for, advantage, advantageous, advance, force, strength, power, thus, therefore, hence, enable, detect, detector, error, mistake, false, flaw, shortcoming, reason, reasoned, reasoning, reasonable, observe, observation, observer;

47)follow, pure, purely, abstract, concrete, limit, confine, certain;

48)as well, as well as, found, charge, change, critics, criticize, critical, criticism, while;

49)add, addition, in addition, additional, tradition, traditional, humble, humbly, perhaps, possible, possibly, probable, probably, superior, superior to, super, inferior, inferior to, common, ordinary, banal, notice, attention, escape, carefully, careful, care, take care of;

50)loss, lose(lost), at a loss, take a loss, injurious, injure, injury, intellect, intellectual, intelligence, wisdom, moral, virtue, virtually, virtual, character, characterize, characteristic;

07年

46)legal, law, preserve, conserve, institution, constitution, view, view…as, regard…as, take…as, see…as, special, specialize, specific, especial, especially;peculiar, peculiar to, particular, particularly, rather than, necessary, essential, essence, critical, significant, significance, equipment, equip, facility;

47)link, connect, connection, on the other, on the other hand, on the one hand, concept, notion, real, reality, in a way, in a manner, in a form, parallel, parallel to, journal, journalist, base, basic, basis, comment, comment on, cover;

48)idea, profound, profoundly, far-reaching, citizen, rest on/upon, rely on, depend on/upon, responsible, responsibility, be held responsible for, response, media, news media, news agency, establish, established, establishment, convention;

49)grasp, have a grasp of, command, have a good command of, feature, competent, competition, competitive, compete，50)reaction, react, action, in action, interaction, enhance, promotion, promote, preferable, prefer, infer, confer, favor, flavor, favorite, judge, judgment, make judgments of;

06年

46)define, definition, define…as…, select, elect, individual, active, activity, primary, duty, thinking, thought;

47)analogous, analogous to, analyze, analysis, function, obligation, be obliged to do sth., be obliged to sb., obligate, be obligated to do sth., clear, course, cause, lead to, reveal, decision, decisive, decide;

48)exclude, exclusive, include, conclude, conclusion, contribute, contribution, contribute to, make contribution to, distribute, distribution, accomplishment, accomplish, complete, solution, solve, resolve, be charged with, approach, aspect, inspect, expect, respect, expect, task;

49)code, rule, dedicate, dedicate to, govern, government, energy, conduct, conduction, production, produce, explore, exploration;more than, less than, no more than, no less than, more than +数字, more than +名词/动词, more than +形容词/副词, no more than=no any more than;

50)independent, independence, interdependence, reflect, reflection, make reflection on, earn, involve, salary;05年

46)television, means, feeling, convey, connect, nation, create, invent, event, recent;

47)multi-media, increase, increasingly, bring, publish, in relation to, relation, relate, related to, concern, concerning;

48)alone, only, survive, underline, undergo, undertake, undermine, state, statistics, loss, take a loss, at a loss，49)identify, identity, respect, expect, aspect, represent, present, presentation, fabricate, fabric, continent, task, demand, choose, choice, strategic, policy;

50)deal with, deal, challenge, scale, on…scale, exaggeration, it is no exaggeration to say…, unite, unity, divide;

04年

61)structure, instruction, instrument, construction, process, procedure, schedule, real, reality, realize, diversity, diverse, philosophy, philosopher;

62)grateful, gratitude, different from, vanish, abolish, assimilate, similar, native, local;

63)describe, description, strike, striking, remark, remarkable, accuse, accuse…of…, data, date;

64)interested in, relationship, relative, relatively, determine, habit, habitual, though;

65)come to, believe in, a sort of, linguistics, physics, psychology, aesthetics, art, fine art, archaeology, anthropology, economy, psychiatry, law, media, cross-culture, mathematics, math, physician, chemistry, humanity, form, formula, formulate, grammar, pattern, produce, consequence, consequently;

03年

61)furthermore, further, ability, able, enable, inability, modify, change, charge, exchange, environment, deteriorate, subject, reject, refuse, fancy;

62)branch, inquire, acquire, require, endeavor, order, disorder, system, passion, seek, scientific, science, phenomenon;

63)combine, integrate, integration, perspective, unique, distinct, distinctly;

64)complex, complicated, sophisticated, include, conclude, exclude, conclusion, custom, consume, consumer.Simple, simplicity, implicit, explicit;

65)make…possible, research;

02年

61)almost, behavior, trait, trace;

62)explain, explanation, explanatory, item, hard, remain, obscure;

63)evolution, revolution, innovation, invention, invest, investigation, recognize;

64)possess, possession, govern, government, theory, essential, credit, achieve, achievement, conduct, conduction;

65)until, till, issue, 01年

71)chat, host, hold, pollution, containment;

72)personality, personnel, personal, relax, relaxation, recreation, digital;

73)breakthrough, break out, breakout, out-break, outset, take place, discover;

74)ultimate, terminate, termination, century, millennium, decade, thousands of, hundreds of, for the better part of decade, half, quarter, triple, double;

75)home, demotic, exotic, apply, apply to, application, appliance, control, operate, operation, cooperation, corporation, company;

2000年

71)condition, situation, circumstance, situate, vary, varying, various, variety, variety of, expert;

72)obvious, ambiguous, be bound up with, bind, efficient, efficiency, industry, agriculture, horticulture, in turn, effort, all kinds;

73)owing to, remarkable, mass, communication, community, expose, be exposed to, introduce, for the reason given above;

74)pattern, spread, or so;

75)stress, migrate, migration, arise from, arise, rise, give rise to, raise，1999年

71)while, almost, historian, history, practice, conform, conform to, inform, uniform, attempt;

72)valid, validate, validity, discipline, code, rule, intern, extern, quarrel, among;

73)transfer, transparent, augment, argument, design, interpret, interpretation, evidence, evident;

74)agreement, refer to, in general, generally, generally speaking, largely, appropriate, inappropriate;

75)equal, equally, equate, equate…with, source, resource, activity, animate, animation;1998年

71)look into, exist, exit, existence, resident, residence, citizen;

72)giant, enormous, virtually, virtual, virtue, put forward, propose, dominant;

73)report, finding;

74)triumph;

75)odd, sound, inflation, inflate, plausible, elementary, primary;

1997年

71)actually, in fact, account, accountant;

72)contract, entitle, title, entitlement;

73)discuss, discussion, consider, consideration, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or, extend, extend to, treat;

74)relevant, extreme, choose, choice;

75)encourage, instinct;

1996年

71)cause, complete, result, result from, result in, to some extent, accelerate;

72)trend, detail, in detail;

73)support, an amount of, goal, immediate;

74)elegant, elegance, in principle, principal, fascinate, delight;

75)standard, criterion;

1995年

71)target, attack, in doing sth., divert, diversion, competent, incompetent, competition, competitive;

72)predict, prediction, reliable, skill;

73)experiment, experience, avail, available, comparative, compare, contrast;

74)quality, precise;

75)favorable, favor;youngster, tell;

1994年

71)not so much…as, as…as, not so…as, through, insight, welfare, health, worth, genius, improve, tool;

72)contend, as we call it, number, numerable, innumerable, expand, a series of, direction, direct;

73)ignore, careless, fundamental;

74)revolve;

75)finance, financial, vice versa, etc, et al.