小升初英语重点语法--Happen用法小结

第一篇：小升初英语重点语法--Happen用法小结

小升初英语重点语法--Happen用法小结

生活中什么事都可能会“发生(happen)”。那么，你知道怎样使用happen这个词吗?下面我们就对happen的用法作一小结。

happen是不及物动词，它的用法常见的有如下几种情况：

1.表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事”，常用“sth.+ happen +地点/时间”这一结构来表达，此时主语应是事情。例如：

The story happened in 2003.这个故事发生在2003年。

An accident happened in that street.那条街上发生了一起事故。

2.表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”，要用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”这一结构来表达。例如：

A car accident happened to her this morning.今天上午她发生了交通事故。What happened to you? 你怎么啦?

3.表示“某人碰巧做某事”，要用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”这一结构来表达。例如： I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。

4.happen表示“碰巧或恰巧发生某事”时，还可用“It happens / happened that...”这一结构来表达。例如：

It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了。It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon.碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议。

注：that从句中的主语是人时，此种结构可以与“sb.+ happen + to do sth.”结构互换。例如：

It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.= Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.

第二篇：英语倒装句用法小结

倒装句

一般来说，倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装，有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的，有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。

一、完全倒装（主谓倒装）是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。例：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.1.以here, there，now, then引导的句子，要完全倒装。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：Here comes the train!/ There goes the bell!注意：若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes./ Here it is.2句首是拟声词或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副词，句子要完全倒装。（注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。）如：Up went the rocket./Up it went.3.介词短语作状语在句首，句子要完全倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.4.表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so/ neither/ nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：She has finished her homework, so has her brother.She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.二、部分倒装（助动词倒装）是指把谓语的一部分（助动词）提到主语的前面。例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing.1.用于疑问句中。如：How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?

2.if 从句中如有 were(had , should), if 省去后，要部分倒装,把were，had，should提到主语前面

如： If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him

3.as 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装（表语、状语倒装）。有以下几种形式：(1)副词置于句首

Much as I like it(=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.(2)动词置于句首

Wait as you may(= Although you may wait), he will not see you.(3).形容词或名词置于句首

Proud as the nobles are(=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.Child as he is(=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如： A bad-tempered man as he is(=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.4.句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时，句子要部分倒装

(not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly(scarcely), no sooner, not once, at no time,...)

Little do we know about him.No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.Seldom does he come back on Sundays.Not until he came back did I know about it.5.only 在句首引导状语，或not until 引导的状语在句首，主句要部分倒装。如： Only then did I realize the important of English./ Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.但若only 修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无须倒装

Only socialism can save China.(only修饰句子的主语，仍用正常语序)

6.not only...but also...引导两个并列句，前倒后不倒。如：

Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lesso--ns.7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中，要用部分倒装结构

Many a time has John given me good advice./ Often have we made that test.8.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!

9.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.so„that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so 所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如： He

runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.（全部倒装）

10.状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接，句子要部分倒装。

第三篇：英语过去完成时用法小结

中招英语

过去完成时用法小结

一、过去完成时适用场合1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。

I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。

The play had already started when we got to the theatre.我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。

2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如：

He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。

He told me that he had known her since he was a child.他告诉我他从小就认识她。

He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。

3.在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如：

Tom flew home, but his father had already died.汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。

4.过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。

He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。

We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。

二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较

1.当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。

We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操后，我们吃早饭。

The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月台时火车刚开走。They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他们一到地里就开始耕地。

2.按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。

He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。

3.在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。

I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。

We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。

4.在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，中招英语

never及次数名词等时，常用过去完成时来表示。

When we got there the basketball match had already started.我们到那里时，篮球赛已经开始了。

The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been.老人说他想到他从未去过的地方去。

5.如果句中出现了表示具体的过去时间的状语，句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子的内容为历史事实时，句中的动词时态常用一般过去时。如：

The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。

6.表述说话人始料未及的事情时，句子的谓语动词常用一般过去时。由于受汉语表述习惯的影响，常会用错时态。

Jack, you are also here!I didn’t see you.杰克，你也在这啊！我没有看见你。

随讲随练

1.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _____ for the wedding.[2006年全国II卷]

A.will planB.has plannedC.would planD.had planned

2.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups.[2006年湖南卷]

A.was givingB.am givingC.had givenD.have given

3.Father for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.[2005年福建卷]

A.has leftB.leftC.was leavingD.had left

4.She ______ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.[2004年重庆卷]

A.would changeB.has changedC.changedD.was changing

5.He ______ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.A.hopedB.has hopedC.had hopedD.would hoped

6.When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain.[2005年湖北卷]

A.started;had already hidden

B.had started;had already hidden

C.had started;was hiding

D.was starting;hid

7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.[2004年江苏卷]

A.beginB.beganC.have begunD.had begun

8.— Oh, is that you, Bob?

— Err...yes.Ah, you’re Mary.Sorry I _____ you.We haven’t seen each other for ten years, have we?

A.didn’t recognizeB.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognizedD.don’t recognize

Key：1-8 DCDCCABA

第四篇：英语从句用法小结

英语从句用法小结

一、主语从句

★ 定义：主语从句时名词性从句中的一种，指句中的主语是一个完整的句子。

★ 位置：它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况下由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。

★ 连词：引导主语从句的连词有that, whether, 连接代词有who, what, which, 连接副词有when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That she was able to come made us very happy.Whether she will come or not is still a question.What we need is more time.Who will go makes no difference.Which team will win the match is still unknown.When they will start is not known yet.Where she has gone is a mystery.How this happened is not clear.Why he did that wasn’t.★ 引导主语从句的that不作成分，但不能省略。★ 由it作形式主语，常用句型有：

It is +名词/形容词/过去分词+主语从句

It is still a question whether she will come or not.It is strange that you should like him.It is still unknown which team will win the match.此外，还有以下常用结构： It turned out that… 结果是… It has been found that…已经发现… It has been proved that…已经证明… It happened/occurred that…恰好… It is well-known that…据说…

It is said/reported that…据说/据报道… It must be pointed out that…必须指出… It doesn’t matter whether…是否…都没关系 It makes no difference whether…是否…毫无区别

二、表语从句

★ 定义：表语是一个完整的句子。，由引导，有时可省略that.★ 位置：从句位于系动词之后。

★ 连词：引导标语从句的连词有that，whether, as if, 代词who, what, which, 副词when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That fact is(that)she never liked him.It could be this part of the ice sheet is not necessarily sensitive to golbal warming.这可能是此处的冰层覆盖对全球变暖不那么敏感。

The question is who can complete the difficult task.★ 注意：用because引导的标语从句仅限于以下一个句型 This/That/It is because(that)…

I think it’s because you are doing too much.主语是reason是，表语从句不能用why或because引导，只能用that.One reason why Hamlet is such a sucessful play is that it appeals to many different people.表语从句不能用if引导，但可用as if引导。He looked as if he was going to cry.三、同位语从句

★ 定义：同位语是一个名词，表示与前面名词相同的人或物，如“my friend John”中，John 是friend的同位语，the Yangtze, the longest river of China”中，river 是Yangtze的同位语。同位语从句即表示同位语是一个完整的句子。

★ 位置：同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步uom该名词的具体内容，或对该名词作进一步解释。

★ 可接同位语从句的名词一般是具有一定内容含义的名词：conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, news, opinion, problem, promise, reason,truth等。

★ 连词：that(不能用which)，连接副词when, how, why, whether, 连接代词what.★ 例句： His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team has won the match is true.She asked the reason why there was a delay.The problem whether this material can be used in our factory has not been solved.He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

★ 从意义上看，同位语从句是名词性从句，是对一个名词加以补充说明，而定语从句是形容词性的，是对一个名词加以修饰和限定。

★ 从结构上看，同位语从句是由连接词引导，连接词虽在从句中那个不充当任何成分，但不可省略。而定语从句中的关系代词代替先行词，并在句中充当成分（主语或宾语），充当宾语时常可省略。

★ 例句：The news(that)he told me is really encouraging.定语从句

The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.同位语从句

五、宾语从句

★ 定义：句中及物动词或介词的宾语是一个完整的句子。

★ 连词：连接宾语从句的连词有that, whether, if, 连接代词有 who，whose, what, which 以及连接副词有when, where, how, why。★ 结构：

主语+谓语+（连接词）+宾语从句（用陈述句语序）

Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for? I wonder whether(if)daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.主语+谓语+it+宾补+that+宾语从句

用于这一结构的及物动词有consider, find, make, regard, see, take, think。We find it necessary that we practise speaking English every day.He always take it for granted that he can pass the exam without hard work.

第五篇：小升初英语基本语法大汇总

2014小升初英语基本语法大汇总

2014小升初英语基本语法大汇总

小升初也是一个很重要的转折，我们在学习的过程中，要把握好重点，才能在考试中发挥出色。以下是对英语重点句型的总结：

一、名词

表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判

断，以免受误导。

1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”：

a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读，浊辅音和

元音后读[z]。

b．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：[iz]。

c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：[z]。

d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。

e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况

1）有生命的+es

tomato-tomatoeshero-heroes

2)无生命的+s读音：[z] 如：photo-photosradio-radios

f.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量

词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice

判断步骤：

↗如是am、is或was→原形

读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词

读音：[z]，如：mango-mangoesmouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

↘如是are或were→加s或es

练一练：

1、写出下列各词的复数。

I _________him _________this _______her ______watch _______mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______day________foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ sandwich ______man______woman_______leaf_______people________

2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。

（1）Are there two(box)on the table?

（2）I can see some(people)in the cinema.（3）How many(day)are there in a week?

（4）Here’re five(bottle)of(juice)for you.（5）This(violin)is hers.Those(grape)are over there.二、大写字母的运用

1.句首第一个字母大写。

2.人名、国名、节日名、语言名、组织名等专有名词的首字母大写。

3.星期、月份的首字母大写。

4.特指的学校、政府、党派、委员会或涉及具体人名的称呼或职位，首字母大写。

5.某些特殊词汇、缩略词、标志语、特殊用语等，首字母大写或全大写。

三、缩略形式

I’m = I am, you’re = you are, she’s = she is/she has, won’t=will not, can’t =can not, isn’t=is not, let's = let us.四、名词复数的变化规则

1.一般情况下，直接加s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds.2.以s，x，sh，ch结尾，加es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches.3.以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i, 再加es，如：family-families, hobby-hobbies.4.以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加es，如：thief-thieves, knife-knives.5.以o结尾，加es，如：mango-mangoes.加s，如：radio-radios，photo-photos.6.不规则变化，如：man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth.7.不可数名词有:bread, juice, tea, coffee, water, rice等。(不可数名词相对应的be动词是is/was)

练习:

1、请写出下列名词的复数形式,没有复数形式的请划出/。（25分）

bus______fox______boy______day______zoo______

tree______deer______fish______city______leaf______

life______milk______foot______horse______mouse______

tooth______woman______broom______juice______water______

people______branch______family______ox______ country______

2、填入所给名词的正确形式。（5分）

1.The ______________ are playing football now.(child)

2.There are ten ___________________in our school.(woman teacher)

3.Most of __________ live in __________.（German）

4.There are three _________ and five _______ in the room.(Chinese, German)

5.Could you please give me some __________?(milk)

五、表示人或物品所属关系时，就需要使用名词所有格。名词所有格的构成有以下规则：

1.一般情况下，在名词的末尾加’s构成。如：Tom’s book

2.以“-s”结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在其末尾加’。如：our teachers’ books

3.表示几个人共同拥有的东西时，只在最后一个名字上加所有格。如：Su Hai and Su Yang’s bedroom

六、a, an和the的用法

1.单词或字母的第一个读音是辅音读音：a book, a peach, a “U”.单词或字母的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg, an hour, an “F”.2.the要注意的：球类前面不加the，乐器前面要加the，序数词前面要加the。

1._____ear2.______actor3._____hen4.______toy

5.______university

6.______elephant7.______hat8.______umbrella

9.______rabbit10.______idea

11.______hour12_______ honest boy13.______interesting book

14.______easy question

15.______orange dress16_______apple pie17_______X-ray machine

18.______ice cream

七、人称代词和物主代词

人称代词：

1.人称代词分为第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。

2.人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）。

3.人称代词的宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。

4.人称代词能代替表示人称的名词。

物主代词：

1.表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。

2.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。物主代词也有人称和数的变化。

3.形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词所代表的事物是属于谁的。

4.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：This is my bag.= This is mine.熟记人称代词和物主代词的*

1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。

2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。

练习：用适当的代词填空：

1.That is not _________ kite.That kite is very small, but ______ is very big.(I)

2.The dress is _________.Give it to _________.(she)

3.Is this _________ watch?(you)No, it’s not _________.(I)

4._________ is my brother.________ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _________.(he)

5._________ dresses are red.(we)What colour are _________?(you)

6.Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ?(she)

7.I can find my toy, but where’s _________?(you)

8.Show _________ your kite, OK?(they)

9.I have a beautiful cat._________name is Mimi.These cakes are _________.(it)

10.Are these _________ tickets? No, _________ are not _________._________ aren’t here.(they)

11.Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom.(we)

12._________ is my aunt.Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse.(she)

13.That is not _________ camera._________is at home.(he)

14.Where are _________? I can’t find _________.Let’s call _________ parents.(they)

15.Don’t touch _________._________ not a cat, _________ a tiger!

16._________ sister is ill.Please go and get _________.(she)

17._________ don’t know her name.Would you please tell _________.(we)

18.So many dogs.Let’s count _________.(they)

19.I have a lovely brother._________ is only 3.I like _________ very much.(he)

20.May I sit beside _________?(you)

21.Look at that desk.Those book are on _________.(it）

22.The girl behind _________ is our friend.(she)