英语“书面表达”应注意的几个问题

第一篇：英语“书面表达”应注意的几个问题

英语“书面表达”应注意的几个问题

邱佼贵

英语科考试说明中对“书面表达”做了这样的规定：要求考生“根据所给情景，写一篇100单词左右的书面材料，情景包括目的、对象、时地、内容、长度等；提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲、短文等。‘书面表达’的要求是：(1)切中题意；（2）语言准确、得当；（3）条理清楚”。根据《说明》中的规定，目前NMET中的“书面表达”仍采用了提示作文（guided writing）的形式。它只要求考生按照提示表达完整。既不必节外生枝，自由发挥，也不必把提示逐句翻译。因此，它不像命题作文那样要自行立意、谋篇布局，又比翻译有较大的灵活性。考生可以扬长避短，用自己最熟悉的句型、词汇把提示内容表达出来。“书面表达”在高考中英语科的分值已占到20％（30分），“书面表达”的好坏，会直接影响高考中的英语成绩。可是有许多考生，受汉语负迁移的影响，在做此题时，往往会用一些汉语式的英语（Chi-English），所写句子辞不达意的句子，影响了整个的“书面表达”。下面就谈谈同学们在做“书面表达”时容易出错的几个问题：

1、句不成句。

同学们在写“书面表达”的时候，往往根据汉语意思把有关的单词堆积在一起，而不考虑它们的词性、句法功能、位置顺序等一系列问题，结果写出来的文章只有那些学过英语的中国人才能明白。请看下面的例子：

Mixed: By taking a No.10 bus is one way to get to Tian An Men.Revised: You can get to Tian An Men by taking a No.10 bus.英语中最基本的句型有五个：

1）主语＋谓语（Vi.）

e.g.The sun rises.2）主语＋谓语（Vt.）＋宾语

e.g.She can speak English.3）主语＋谓语（Vt.）＋双宾语（间宾＋直宾／直宾＋间宾）

e.g.My aunt sent me a present/a present to me.（间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。若把直接宾语放在间接宾语之前时，通常在间接宾语前加介词“to”或“for”．to表示“对象”，for表示“为…….”、“替……”）

4）主语＋谓语（Vt.）＋复合宾语（宾语＋宾语补足语）

e.g.We made him our monitor.5）主语＋连系动词＋表语

e.g.The weather is getting warm.以上五个基本句型可变为无数个其它句子。

作主语的词有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式（疑问词＋不定式）以及连词、连接代（副）词that、wether、who、what、which、when、where、how、why等引导的主语从句；作谓语的词只能是动词。在要表达一个句子的谓语时，我们要考虑动词的人称、数、时态、语态、语气等的变化；作宾语的词有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式（疑问词＋不定式）以及连词、连接代（副）词that、wether、if、who、what、which、when、where、how、why等引导的宾语从句；作宾语补足语的词，根据谓语动词的不同，可

以有名词（或相当于名词的短语）、动名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词，介词短语等等；能作宾语补足语的所有词都可在句子中可作表语，连词、连接代（副）词that、wether、as if、who、what、which、when、where、how、why、bcause等引导的从句也可作表语；另外，名（代）词还可以有自己的前（后)置定语，作定语的大多数是形容词、名词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式及关系代（副）词that、which、who、whom、whose、as、when、where、why等引导的定语从句；在必要情况下，还可以有状语，作状语的词有副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词及从属连词when、whenver、while、after、before、since、as soon as、until(till)、every(each)time、where、wherever、though、although、even if(though)、however、no matter how、whoever、no matter who、whatever、no matter what、as、because、since、if、unless、on condition that、so that、in order that、so…that、such…that、as if(though)、as…as、so…as等引导的状语从句。

（引导宾语从句的连词that可能省略，而引导其它名词性从句的连词that是不可以省略的。）

2、误用连词：

一篇文章，连词的运用是必不可少的。如果误用或不用会影响意义的表达，甚至会使自己的句子成为“不知所云”的句子。汉语中有一些关联连词例如“虽然……,但是……”，“因为……，所以……”等，而在英语中只能有其一，即有although(though)，再不能有but；反之亦然，请对比下面的句子：

Faulty: It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.Correct: It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.Because it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.It was raining hard.They could not work in the fields.为了同学们写作方便，我把一些常用的连词罗列出来，以供大家参考。

并列连词：and, but, or, nor, for etc.关联连词：either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but…, not only…but also…, both…and… etc.(关联连词必须引导两个平行结构。)

试比较下面的句子：

Faulty parallelism: We thought she was charming, intelligent, and a very capable young woman.Revised: We thought she was charming, intelligent, and very capable.We thought she was a charming, intelligent, andvery capable young woman.Faulty parallelism: She can not only speak English but also French.Revised: She can speak not only English but also French.She can speak English as well as French.另外，为了使文章行文简洁，过渡自然，还可适当地运用一些过渡词（连词或副词）。常用的有：

表示解释、说明方面的有：in addition、furthermore、in fact、for、because、since、as、moreover、for instance、such as、thus、such、namely、that is to sayetc.表示补充方面的有：in addition、then、again、also、besides、further more、first、moreover、next、second、finally、last etc.表示转折、让步方面的有：but、however、although、though、yet、except for、even though、nevertheless、generally speaking etc.表示强调方面的有：certainly、indeed、surely、most important、especially、actually、in fact、after all etc.表示相似、对比方面的有：like、too、in a same way(manner)、simlarly、equally important、unlike、in contrast、on the contrary、rather than、on the other hand、whereas、instead、but etc.表示结果方面的有：therefore、as a result、then、thus、for this reason、because of、finally、at last、in summary、in other words、in a word、in short etc.3、指代不明：

在一篇短文中，使用代词是必不可少的，但是滥用代词，就会出现指代不明的情况，使读者不明就里。比较下面的句子：

Ambiguous: She told my sister that she was wrong.Clear: “I am wrong.” she said to my sister.She admitted that she was wrong and said so to my sister.“You’re wrong.” she said to my sister.My sister was told that she was wrong.Obscure: He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious.Clear: He was knocked down by a bicycle but was not seriously hurt.所以使用必要的代词能使文章简洁，但前提必须指代明确。另外，在一个主从复合句里，同时有名词，有代词，应该把名词放在主句，代词放在从句，而不考虑主句、从句那个在前、那个在后。

4、悬垂修饰：

有好多同学在使用修饰语的时候，由于误用或位置误放，使一些修饰语成为没有修饰对象或成为修饰别的成份的东西，以致产生错误或一些不该有的误会。试比较下列句子：

Dangling: To get up early, the clock was set at six.Revised: To get up early, he set the clock at six.（动词不定式、分词、介词短语作状语，逻辑主语都是句子主语。但有一些用作独立成份的插入语例外：e.g.to be frank, to be honest, generally speaking etc.）

Confusing: Nanjing University has many well-known professors at home and abroad.Clear: Nanjing University has many professors(who are)well-known at home and abroad.（作定语的介词短语一般放在所修饰名词之后，而作状语的介词短语可放在句首，也可放在句尾，或放在最靠近它所修饰的词；另外在书面语中，限定修饰词例如：almost、nearly、only、just、ever、hardly、scarcely、simply等只能放在它所修饰词的前面）。试比较下面几个句子：

Only Lin told me about the accident today.(Nobody but Lin told me about the accident today.)

Lin only told me about the accident today.(Lin told me about the accident today but do nothing else.)

Lin told me today only about the accident./ Lin told me today about the accident only.(Lin told me about the accident today but nothing else.)

Lin told me about the accident only today.(Lin told me about the accident today and at no other time.)

以上可见，修饰语的位置不同，句子表达的意义是绝对不一样的。

5、结构混乱：

有部分同学在写作时，不考虑英语特有的语法，随意捏造、堆积，以致出现一些貌似正确，而实际上是一些结构混乱的错句子。请看下列例句：

Confusing: Students who wishes to borrow books is asked to sign his name on a sheet of paper.Consistent: Students who wish to borrow books are asked to sign their names on a sheet of paper.Confusing: He left the library when his paper is written.Consistent: He left the library when he had written paper.Vague: My hometown is closer to Nanjing than Shanghai.Clear: My hometown is closer to Nanjing than to Shanghai.“书面表达”是一个系统、复杂的工程，它旨在考察学生综合运用语言的能力。一篇好的“书面表达”，要求做到时：准确（sincerity）；清楚（clarity）；简洁（brevity）；灵活多变（variety）。所以要写好一篇“书面表达”，除了上述所提到的问题之外，还有工整的书写、大小写的运用、准确的表达、自然的过渡、书面语的运用、符合其英美习惯的表达等等一系列问题。这就要求同学们在平时学英语的过程中，除了掌握好书本知识之外，还应养成用英语写作的习惯。只有这样，点点滴滴、日积月累，到考试时才能写出比较令人满意的“书面表达”。

(此文在宁夏《招生简讯》九七年第六期上发表；并在97年度全国煤炭系统教育教研论文评比中荣获一等奖。)

第二篇：英语书面表达

寒假作业Chinese Young People’s Life Goals Today

A recent survey shows that in today’s society, Chinese young people’s life goals have become more diversified than before.When young people are asked what they will struggle for, more than half of the respondents choose to earn enough money to buy a house and a car for themselves.In addition to this practical goal, some people, about 44%, pick up their life goal as improving their life quality or to be rich while 23.9% of the respondents are simply satisfied to have a good job.As for how to achieve their life goals, most of them prefer struggling to realize their dreams.The survey shows that the society is making progress and people’s life goals have become more practical.A recent investigation shows that nowadays the young in China have more diversified goals than ever before.More than half of the respondents aim at making more money to buy themselves a car and a house.44% of them want to improve their living standard while 43.3% of them hope to become rich.Besides, about a quarter of them wish to get a good job in the future.To achieve their goals, 71.9% of these young people said that they would struggle to overcome difficulties on their ways to success.Keeping optimistic

We can know from the passage if we are optimistic we can conquer different kinds of difficulties in life when we meet them, and we will succeed in the end.In my study, I will get discourage when I fail in an exam.I think I’m hopeless and can’t go to my ideal university.Whenever I am in bad mood, my teachers, especially my homeroom teacher, encourages me to be optimistic by saying the proverb “Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.” They also tell me to study harder and give me good advice on my study.I’m grateful to them and agree with them.From now on, I’ll no longer feel frustrated when I fail in an exam.On the contrary, I will still keep optimistic and study harder because I know failure is the mother of success.As long as I don’t loose heart and work hard, I’m sure I’ll succeed in the end.第三周：基础写作：

上周六下午，你们宿舍几个同学去森林公园野炊，回来途中淋了雨。晚上李华头疼得厉害。你给她量体温，发现她发高烧。你马上带她去看医生。医生说她得了重感冒，要卧床休息三天。请你代她给刘老师写一张请假条说明情况，并帮她请假两天（周一、周二），因此她不能参加周二的羽毛球比赛了。

Last Saturday afternoon, I went to Forest Park for a picnic with my roommates.Unfortunately we were caught in the rain on our way home and Li Hua got a dreadful headache.I took her temperature, finding that she was having a fever.So I took her to see the doctor right now and she was advised to be in bed for 3 days.Now I’d like to ask for two days’ sick leave for her, including Monday and Tuesday, and therefore she cannot take part in the badminton game on Tuesday

任务型写作

总结：The writer tried to tell us the importance of setting goals through a beaver’s story.After it built a house for the winter, it set another goal for the spring—to chew down a big tree and succeeded by working hard.你认为制订目标很重要吗？The quest for success always begins with a target.Goal setting is the focus of will to move in a certain direction.Without goals, one will never know what he’s doing, neither will he try his best to do it.你认为制订目标后怎样才能成功？There goes the saying, “Hard work leads to success.” If we want to achieveour goals, we must work hard.Also, we should stick to our goals and never give up when we are faced with setbacks.举例:Last year I took part in an English speech contest.At the beginning I made up my mind to perform best though my English was not good enough.I tried every means and even stood in front of the mirror to practise again and again.Finally I succeeded and become one of the 10 students in the final competition.第四周：基础写作

社会实践是学校教育的一个重要组成部分；书本知识有限；社会实践有诸多好处，能用所学的知识解决实际问题，获取经验，了解社会，端正学习态度，激励学习。

Most of the students think that social practice is not important.In fact social practice is an important part of school education.After all the knowledge we obtain from books is limited.Participation in social practice does a lot of good to us.For example, We can apply what we’ve learned to practical problems, from which we can get more

experience and have more knowledge about our society.Thus we will take correct attitude towards our studies and work harder.任务型写作

总结：From this passage,we know sometimes difficult conditions can really make a man strong, so parents should let their children eat bitter foods, do hard work and experience a hard life.描述你的童年生活 I grew up in an ordinary family, which is notso well off.I could understand the hardshipsmy parents were bearing at that time.Therefore, I work very hard now in the hopeof entering the university and changing thesituation of my family and me.你对童年生活的认识 我认为从某种意义上来说，艰苦的环境可以激发一个人的潜能，为他的成功铺平道路。I think that in a certain sense, difficult situations can stimulate a person’s potential and pave the way for him to succeed.一个人在经历了磨难之后可以变得坚强，勇敢和忠实可靠。One can be strong, brave and faithful after all the hardships he has gone through.总而言之，我认为温室里的花朵经受不起风暴的洗礼，艰苦的生活对孩子来说是有好处的。All in all, I think that flowers from a greenhouse can never withstand a storm and that a hard life is good for children.第四周周六下午

热爱社会工作，性格乐观，富有爱心和责任心；英语口语流利，具有相关的教学经验；工作时间：周六和周日，按每小时5元付费；这份工作给自己在经济和人际关系方面的好处；:表达自己做好工作的决心：把快乐和舒适带给自己工作的对象。

Dear Sir or Madam

I cannot wait to join in the social workers team in our neighborhood.Being optimistic, caring and responsible, I develop a passion for social work.Besides, I am so fluent in spoken English that I was once invited to teach a group of young kids English last summer.What’s more, I have no class on both Saturday and Sundays.If I’m lucky to get the position, It not only provides me a regular source of income by paying me 5 yuan by the hour but also does a lot to improve my skills in interpersonal relationships.It is certain that I will do what I can to bring joy and comfort to whomever I work for.I’m looking forward to your reply very soon.Sincerely yours

Ling ming

就学校取消高三音乐课这一事件给校长写一封信

Dear principal ,I am writing in answer to the decision the school made several days ago.It reminds me of the British school where music plays a big part.In Britain,pupils can study an instrument like the piano or violin or the guitar.They also play music together as a class and have fun, even take part in concerts and organize bands.同学们对学校取消音乐课意见不一Therefore, no sooner had the school announced not to offer music lessons to Senior Two and Three students than we held a heated discussion about its advantages and disadvantages.So far, there has been no consensus on it.你对此决定赞成或反对？Personally, I am among those who argue against the decision largely because music lesson provide us with an opportunity to relieve our heavy academic pressure and promote the mutual understanding between students.（理由)以你自己或他人的感受来说明开设音乐课的利或弊。Actually, nothing please me than music lessons, for I am completely relaxed, not caring about study for a while.Also, I am ready to bear my heart to my classmates and feel close to each other.It is the charm of music that brings all of us a realization that there is still joy in our dull life.So it is better to continue music lessons

汕头一模

1.为何与人合作：现代社会必备；可省时间和精力；更多互相学习的机会

2.与谁合作：A与喜欢的人合作：心情愉快，同甘共苦B与不喜欢的人合作：学会容忍，学会挖

掘其优点

3.你的看法：倾听别人意见，不把你的观点强加给别人，有礼貌地指出别人的错误

Good afternoon,everyone!the topic of my speech today is “being a good parner.”In this busy ,modern world ,if we want to complete our work more efficiently ,we must all learn to cooperate with others ,because not only can cooperation save us a lot of time and energy ,but also we can learn much each other.We`ll be lucky enough to find someone we like to cooperate with due to the fact that we can share our joy and sadness with him.however ,it can be difficult to cooperate with someone we dislike.In this case ,we`ll have to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.In my opinion ,to be a good partner ,we should try to listen to others`opinions ,never force our ideas on others and if he makes mistakes ,try to point out in a polite way.Thank you for your listening!

失败是件坏事吗？

概括短文要点Failure is a commom thing in life.But there are different attitudes towards failure.Whoever draws a lesson from every failure becomes experienced and succeeds.失败并非坏事，但从失败中站起来并非易事So failure has a different effect on anyone who has a different attitude.As for me ,I like success.Meanwhile I don`t mind failure because it isn`t a bad matter ,and we cen stand up in the failure ,which isn`t indeed an easy matter.失败对胜利者是必修课，重要的基本功As is known ,the defeat to a victor is actually an important basic skill and the required course.你对失败的看法和态度(1)In my opinion ,we should take a positive attitude towards failure.As a matter of fact ,I think failure can stimulate our potential and from it we can learn a lot ,with which we can achieve success.Just as the saying goes ,”Failure is the mother of success.”

(2)In my opinion ,we should take an active attitude towards failure ,because most of us experience the failure thongh few of us are so lucky as to succeed.Failure tells us such things as why we failed and what should we do to correct the mistakes.Failure also tells us how to approach our goals and ensures us failure is the mother of success.广州一模

基础写作简介学校的植物园

1.概况：位于校园西南角，面积1000平方米 2.历史：20年的历史，2008年重建 3.特色：各种花卉、树木、药用植物 4.功能：美化校园、研究植物场所、休闲之地 5.其他：观赏至少许一小时

Located at the south-west corner of our school, the botanical garden is spread over an area of approximately 1000 square meters.The garden is over 20 years old and was rebuilt in 2008.as you walk through the garden, you can see various kinds of beautiful flowers, trees and herbs.If you’re planning to explore the garden, set aside at least one hour.The garden makes our schoool more beautiful and it’s a fantastic place for students to study and learn more about plants or simply to relax for a while.读写任务就学生违纪的处理方式写一篇简评

(1)Should Schools Suspend Troublesone Students?

概括要点：校长的做法、想法、结果I recentl I recently read a news story about a school in Egland whose headmaster often suspends misbehaving students.The headmster believes that strong discipline improves hoth students’ behaviour and academic performance.His school’s exam results have greatly improved during his time in charge.你是否支持该校长的做法，理由While I congratulate the headmaster on his success I do not agree with the methods he uses to achieve it.Suspending students should be the final type of punishment used for misbehaving students, not the first.Quickly removing such students from the school may be of some benefit to the remaining students but it doesn’t solve the problem of poor behaviour.It only shifts the problem from the school to the community.If these naughty students are not in school then they will only be making trouble out of school.Moreover, as the parents of many of these students are working, the students are unsupervised and thus are in danger of falling in with local criminals who will only encourage such bad behaviour and even teach them worse things.假设你是校长，你会如何处理违纪学生？If I was in charge of his school I would place the naughty students in a class of their own, this way the other students could study in peace but the naughty studetns could remain under the supervision of the school and its teachers.The teachers in the naughty class would also have more time to focus on correcting the actions of these misbehaving students.（2）Should Schools Suspend Troublesone Students?

I recently read a news story about a school in Egland whose headmaster often suspends misbehaving students.The headmster believes that strong discipline improves hoth students’ behaviour and academic performance.His school’s exam results have greatly improved during his time in charge.I believe the headmaster is correct to take this action.If a few students are always behaving poorly in class then it will negatively affect other students’ learning.As a result, many innocent studetns will suffer and they will fail to achieve their full potential.If the naughty students are removed from the class then the others can learn in peace.Hopefully the misbehaving students will learn their lessons and when they return their behaviour will be better.If I was in charge of a school I would also be very strict with students who don’t behave well.I would first warn and then suspend students who interrupt the learning of others or disrespect their teachers.But I would also visit the poor student’s home and discuss the problem with his paents so we could find a solution.梅州一模写一篇短文介绍大豆的生长过程

1.发芽的条件：水分充足，温度适宜，种子就开始发芽了 2.第一步：出现幼根，并朝下生长 3.第二步：幼苗出现，并朝上生长，直至变成绿色 4.第三步：主根、旁根、枝叶出现 5.第四步：数月后开花结果

Where there is enough water and the temperature is right, the bean seed begins to grow.In the first stage , a small root comes out and begins to grow downwards.Then a small shoot begins to grow upswards, getting longer and longer until it turns green.At the same time the root continues to grow downward, becoming the main root together with side roots developing around it while the shoot develops leaves all around.It takes only a few months before the plant flowers and bears fruit.经济危机，大学生就业难

概括材料主要内容This passage mainly tells us…;The story is mainly about…

Increasing unemployment would the biggest challenge for China this year with great numbers of rural and urban workers laid off.The government has launched a stimulus package of 4 trillion yuan to stimulate the country’s economy.现状：经济危机影响全球，就业机会少，工人工资低As it is known to all, nearly all countries in the world have been hit by the global economic crisis, leaving few job chances and lower wages and salaries for ordinary people.建议：树立正确的择业观，降低预期工资，先就业再择业，自己创业，开公司，展示自己的才华Under this circumstance, university graduates should have a proper attitude towards their future jobs.It is my suggestion that they should lower their expectation of their future wages or salaries.It’s a good idea for them to take up a job before considering which job to take.To make good advantage of tehir knowledge, they may set up their own business so as to show off their own talent.政府提供各种优惠政策，免除各种税费，提供一定数量的无息贷款In order to help those new graduates, the government has offered many favorable policies such as freeing all kinds of taxes.Supplying certain amount of loans without interest.I’m sure they will succeed and can have a bright future with the help of the government.

第三篇：英语书面表达

2014年济宁市中考英语书面表达

假设你是李华，已报名参加暑期英语夏令营，根据夏令营之活动安排，你需要准备一份关于英语夏令营英语阅读方面的发言稿，具体要求如下：

1.对英语阅读重要性的认识；

2.个人开展英语阅读的情况（1-2点具体做法）及感悟；

3.将来的打算。

参考词汇：play an important part;in the past;borrow books;at the beginning;something easy and interesting, in the future, form a good habit of;read everyday;be helpful for.要求：1.词数，100词左右；（开头已给出，不计入总词数；）

2.可根据具体要求及参考词汇适当发挥；

3.文中不得出现真实姓名。

Good morning, everybody,I’m pleased to be here to talk about my English reading.As we know, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thanks for your listening.

第四篇：英语书面表达

Dear Andy,I‘m so glad that you‘ll be here with me and my family for the summer holiday.I‘m writing to express our warm welcome and introduce the activities during your stay here.In the morning ,some activities at school will be arranged.You‘ll visit our classrooms, reading rooms, labs, and so on.We‘ll take this opportunity to exchange our views, talking about school life, and so on.In the afternoon, you can tour around the city.And I‘ll act as your tour guide.Our city has changed a lot and takes on a new look.You can see what is our city like with your own eyes.At night , we can watch TV, play games and talk about what we‘re interested in.I‘m sure you‘ll enjoy yourself.I‘m looking forward to your coming.Yours sincerely, Li hua [名师点评]

本文行文自然流畅，文章要点齐全，意思表达真切。详略得当，重点突出。从语言使用的角度来说，不但使用了一些生动的动词，准确的名词，同时为了使本文串联自然，又使用了时间状语为连接词，将文章按照时间顺序叙述完整。

第五篇：七年级英语书面表达

七年级英语书面表达练习（1）书面表达。（20分）（文中不得出现真名，词数80词以上）

假如你叫Henry，请给你的笔友Mike写封回信，介绍你自己。

提示：

1、我的名字，年龄，生日，电话，所在学校。

2、我的家庭与关系，家人的名字与喜好。

3、我的喜好：电影，食物，运动，乐器，你在学校和在家所做的事情。（这些可用形容词写出原因或看法）Dear Mike：

Thanks for your letter.Yours,Henry