2014年四级翻练习

第一篇：2014年四级翻练习

四级翻译

请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

燃放鞭炮

放鞭炮曾是春节庆祝活动中最重要的习俗之一。然而，担心燃放鞭炮可能会带来危险和烦人的噪音，政府已在许多大城市下令禁止燃放鞭炮。但在小城镇和农村地区的人们仍然坚持这种传统的庆祝活动。除夕夜一旦时钟撞响午夜12点钟，城市和乡镇都被烟花的闪闪光芒映亮，鞭炮声震耳欲聋。一家人熬夜就为这个欢乐的时刻，孩子们一手拿鞭炮，一手拿火机兴高采烈地点放着他们在这个特殊节日的快乐，尽管他们吓得捂着耳朵。

参考答案:

Setting Firecrackers

Lighting Firecrackers used to be one of the most important customs in the Spring Festival celebration.However, concerning the danger and the negative noises that lighting firecrackers may bring, the government has banned this practice in many major cities.But people in small towns and rural areas still hold to this traditional celebration.Right as the clock strike 12 o#39;clock midnight of New Year#39;s Eve, cities and towns are lit up with the glitter from fireworks, and the sound can be deafening.Families stay up for this joyful moment and kids with firecrackers in one hand and a lighter in another cheerfully light their happiness in this especial occasion, even though they plug their ears.年夜饭

春节是与家人团聚的时间。年夜饭是所有家庭成员聚在一起“必须”的宴会。除夕宴会上吃的食物根据不同的地区各不相同。在中国南方，习惯吃“年糕”(糯米粉制成的新年糕点)，因为作为一个同音字，年糕意味着“步步高升”。在北方，年夜饭的传统饭是“饺子”或像月牙儿形的汤圆。

参考答案:

New Year Feast

Spring Festival is a time for family reunion.The New Year#39;s Feast is “a must” banquet with all the family members getting together.The food eaten on the New Year Even banquet varies according to regions.In south China, It is

customary to eat “niangao”(New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour)

because as a homophone, niangao means “higher and higher every year”.In the north, a traditional dish for the feast is “Jiaozi” or dumplings shaped like a crescent moon.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：熬夜(“守岁”)

守岁意味着除夕夜不睡觉。年夜饭后，家人聚坐一起，愉快聊天，等待春节的到来。年夜饭

春节是与家人团聚的时间。年夜饭是所有家庭成员聚在一起“必须”的宴会。除夕宴会上吃的食物根据不同的地区各不相同。在中国南方，习惯吃“年糕”(糯米粉制成的新年糕点)，因为作为一个同音字，年糕意味着“步步高升”。在北方，年夜饭的传统饭是“饺子”或像月牙儿形的汤圆。

参考答案:

Staying up late(“Shousui”)

Shousui means to stay up late or all night on New Year#39;s Eve.After the great dinner, families sit together and chat happily to wait for the New Year#39;s arrival。

New Year Feast

Spring Festival is a time for family reunion.The New Year#39;s Feast is “a must” banquet with all the family members getting together.The food eaten on the New Year Even banquet varies according to regions.In south China, It is customary to eat “niangao”(New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour)

because as a homophone, niangao means “higher and higher every year”.In the north, a traditional dish for the feast is “Jiaozi” or dumplings shaped like a crescent moon.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

科学和自然界中一切存在的事物和发生的现象的特点和过程有关。科学包括整个自然界，它精辟地阐述了人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所说的宇宙的种种概念的。

科学有许多特性，要了解科学是什么，就得详细地考察一下这些性能和特点。有一些作者断言说科学实际上只是一种方法—科学的方法。这样的定义是过于简单化了。但是科学方法在决定科学知识的性质方面肯定起着重要的作用。

参考答案:

Science is related to all the existing things and thecharacteristics and process of the phenomenahappening in nature.Science contains the

wholenature,whichdevelpos various penetrating viewsabout human being#39;s conceptions that how variousnatural phenomena are related together and how they constitute our so-called universe.Science has many characteristics.We have to inspect those functions and characteristics indetail if we want to know what the science is.Some authors assert that science in fact is a kindof method-scientific method.This definition is over simplified.But obviously the scientificmethod plays an important role in deciding the nature of the scientific knowledge.英语四级翻译练习，一起来试试吧。

请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

福建福信一珍生物工程有限公司是由福建省洪山企业集团公司与香港福信投资有限公司合资兴办的高科技企业，注册资本两千万元人民币。公司拥有雄厚的技术力量，大中专学历以上的技术，管理人才占员工总数的百分之三十以上，并与国内多家科研机构建立了紧密型的合作关系。

公司以“唯公有福，唯诚有信”的福信企业精神和“团结，拼搏，务实，创新，奉献”的洪山集团企业精神为动力，锐意进取，蒸蒸日上。

参考答案:

Fujian Fuxin Yizhen Bio-engineering Co.,Ltd is ahigh-tech joint venture cofounded by HongshanGroup and Hong Kong Fuxin InvestmentCo.,Ltd,with registered capital up to 20 millionRMB.The company is in possession of

abundant technical resources,technicalandmanagerial talents above college or polytechnic school account for 30% of its staff.What#39;smore,tightly-knit

partnership has been established with a number of domestic scientificresearch institutions.Treasuring the spirit of honesty of Fuxin and adhering to the spirit of unity,hardwork,realism,innovation and sacrifice”ofHongshan,the company is advancing with vigor andenthusiasm and will become more and more

prosperous.英语四级翻译练习，一起来试试吧。

请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

长期以来，中美两国人民一直相互抱有浓厚的兴趣和友好的感情。中国人民欣赏美国人民的开拓进取精神，钦佩美国人民在建设国家中取得的骄人业绩。随着中国的快速发展和中美合作的不断拓展，越来越多的美国人也把目光投向中国，更加关注中国的发展进步。参考答案:

The Chinese and Americans have always had an intense interest in each other and cared deeply about each other.The Chinese people admire the

pioneering and enterprising spirit of the Americans and their proud achievement in national development.As China develops rapidly and steady headways is made in China and US cooperation,more and more Americans are following with great interest in China#39;s progress and development.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

1.有鱼有水的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。

2.中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。

参考答案:

1.A place with water an d fish is necessarily blessed with a nice

setting,which in return keeps people in good mood.2.Chinese people has never regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times,whose behavior in both philosophy and arts takes a rather appropriate proportion with all others in the natural world,but not as an absolute dominant ruler.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

1.求学是一件艰苦的事情，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能成功。

2.一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。参考答案:

1.Tolearn,actually,is to experience the indispensable pain and those who can not get it over with can not become learned.2.One spring evening,my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flower were in full bloom.Instantly,a crowd of guests gathered together and their laughter was heard all over there.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

我们的现代化建设，必须从中国的实际出发。无论是革命还是建设，都要注意学习和借鉴外国经验。但是，照抄照搬别国经验、别国模式，从来不能得到成功。这方面我们有过不少教训。把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来，走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义，这就是我们总结长期历史经验得出的基本结论。

参考答案:

Our country#39;s modernization must start from the reality of China.Either on the revolution or the construction we need to learn and draw the experience from the foreign countries.But we will never win the success if we mechanically copy other countries#39;experience or formats.We have already had the lesson in this aspect.It is the basic conclusion which we summarized the long-term historical experience that we should combine the Marxism#39;s univertsal truth with our specific situation together,walking on our own roads and building up the socialism with Chinese characteristic.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

1.没有安定的政治环境，干什么都不成。

2.大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等，所有人们对于自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。

参考答案:

1.Nothing can be accomplished without a stable political environment.2.People,poor or rich,are equally favored by Nature.Therefor human being s,with no exception,have been deeply dependent on it.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

1.这位民族英雄没有死，他的故事照亮了千百万人的心。

2.但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作，生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。

参考答案:

1.This national hero lives on,his story lighting up the hearts of millions of people.2.However,ifwe,on the whole,can find out whether his attitude towards his life is serious or not and what is his attitude towards his life and work,it would not be that difficult to make an appropriate evalutaion of the meaning of one#39;s life.春节的问候(拜年)

在春节第一天或此后不久，大家都穿着新衣服，带着弓向亲戚和朋友打招呼并恭喜(祝贺)，彼此祝愿在新的一年里好运，幸福。在中国农村，有些村民可能有数以百计的亲戚，所以他们不得不拿出两个多星期来走亲访友。

参考答案:

New Year Greetings(Bai Nian)

On the first day of the New Year or shortly thereafter, everybody wears new clothes and greets relatives and friends with bows and Gongxi(congratulations)，wishing each other good luck, happiness during the new year.In Chinese

villages, some villagers may have hundreds of relatives so they have to spend more than two weeks visiting their relatives.

第二篇：四级翻译练习

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.（一）

1.Just do it_____________（尽自己最大努力）.2._____________（抽象意义上的语言）is our facility to talk to each other.3.We should pursue economic policies______________（根据国家利益）.4.We delayed our departure____________（由于暴风雨）.5.We had better_____________（趁天气暖和）by going for a walk this afternoon.（二）

1.Because she knew French, she______________（比我们有利）.2.Adults should________________（原谅孩子的无知）.3.You should_________（充分利用）.4.The river__________（冲破堤岸）.5.Please_____________________（将问题提出来）.（三）

1._______________________（如果发生火灾）, ring the alarm bell.2.______________________（在这种情况下）, I couldn’t go away.3.Your care-free nature often_____________（遇到钱的问题）.4.I will do it________________（如果你帮我）.5.You may___________（学一学）the classic school of photographers.（四）

1.We want our methods to be____________（最新的）.2.The naughty boy________________（以…为乐）pulling the cat’s tail.3.A little persistence_____________（发挥重要作用）between success and failure.4.That detail_____________（和…毫无关系）the main point of the article.5.The regulation doesn’t_____________（生效）until the first of March.（五）

1.The first signs of spring are______________（显而易见）.2.He finished the job__________________(但却损害了健康).3.We must____________（面对困难）manfully and accept the responsibilities of our actions.4.You can________________（随时找我们帮忙）whenever you have difficulties.5.__________________（你的梦想将会落空）if you don’t work on them.（六）

1.The substance does not dissolve in water___________________（不管是否加热）.2.Not only______________（他向我收费过高）；but he didn’t do a good repair job either.3.Your losses in trade this year are nothing_____________（与我的相比）.4.One average, it is said, visitors spend only_____________（一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London.5.By contrast, American mothers were more likely_____________（把孩子的成功归因于）natural1

talent.（七）

1.All universities______________（正在做好准备）for an increased intake of students.2.After her lost son was found, _____________（她破涕为笑）.3.He never ______________（追名逐利）.4.My mother wanted me to___________________（从事教育工作）.5.He has given up smoking__________________（永远的）.（八）

1.When he gets old, he will_________________（把公司交给儿子来经营）.2.His tastes are______________________（和我的相同）.3.We should serve the people__________________(全心全意的).4.___________________（要是他没有花这么多钱该多好）.5.The population of Africa is growing_____________(极其迅速).（九）

1.Without steady economic development, it is impossible to meet the people basic needs in life, _______________(更别提)protect the ecosystem and environment.2.You are____________(自由的)to leave at any time you want.3.____________________（鉴于国际局势的变化）, the Chinese government wishes to share with the governments of other countries some of its basic views concerning the establishment of a new international order.4.This new discovery ____________（有助于说明这个问题）.5.We must never______________(辜负)our parents’ trust and expectation.(十)

1.Her beauty cannot_________________________（弥补她的愚蠢）.2.The ship was ____________________（任凭波涛的摆布）.3.We ought to___________________（充分利用时间）.4.Being a professional actor_____________(必定)means working nights and Sundays.5._______________________(既然我们学完了这门课程)，we shall start doing more revision.（十一）

1.Men like that never____________________（冒险尝试）.2.He had not yet attempted to_________________________(把他的理论付诸实践).3.She answered these embarrassing questions__________________（镇定自若）.4._________________（关于）what we did last month I would like to read you this letter

received.5.When defeat is _____________（不可避免）, nothing matters.

第三篇：四级翻译练习

1.孔子

孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和 宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上 20 世纪伟大的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作 西方的苏格拉底。

参考译文: Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung.Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius’s influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.2.京剧

京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服装（costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物 形象的重要 手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林 好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。

参考译文: Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture.As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people.Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters.There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental.Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters.Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.3.茶马古道

茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着 20 多个少数 民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比 如:大理，丽江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江 大峡谷和布达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站(post house),古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。

参考译文: Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minorities.Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace.The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads.It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs.Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.4.八大菜系

中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发 展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粤、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八 种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样 的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。

参考译文: China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.5.四合院

四合院是从明代的北京延续下来的古典建筑风格的住宅。四合 院之间的狭窄的街道被称为 “胡同”。一个四合院有园林包围着四个房子，有高高的围墙保护。四合院与胡同都是人们 常见到的，有超 过 700 多年的历史，但是由于现在的城市改造和中国经济的发展，四合院 慢慢地从北京消失。

参考译文: Si He Yuan is a classical architecture style of residential housing of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty.The narrow streets between the Si He Yuan are called “Hutong”.A single implementation of Si He Yuan comprises of garden surrounded by four houses and protected by high walls.Si He Yuan with Hutong which have been very familiar to people，having a history of more than 700 years now suffer from the urban renovation and economic development of China, and they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.6.少林功夫

少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfii)是河南登封少林寺信奉佛教文化的和尚们练习的一种武术(martial arts)。少林寺，建于北魏(the Northern Wei Dynasty)太和期(Taihe Period)十九年，是少林功夫发展的文化空间。少林功夫最初是佛教僧侣练习的，他们的职责是保护寺庙。现在经过 1500 多年的发展，少林功夫已逐步发展成为一种完美技术和丰富含义相融合的艺术，在全世界享有声誉。

参考译文: Shaolin Kungfu is a kind of martial arts practiced by monks under the special Buddhist culture of the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City, Henan Province.The Shaolin Temple, built in the Nineteenth year of Taihe Period during the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a cultural space for the development of the Shaolin Kungfu.The Shaolin Kungfii, which is originally practiced by the Buddhist monks whose duties were to protect the temple, has been gradually developed into an art of perfect technology, abundant meanings and high reputation in the whole world after more than 1500 years of development.7.秧歌

秧歌是农历正月的主要的民族花市形式。在这种活动中，两人都盛装打扮，轮流唱歌跳舞，其他人作为唱歌和跳舞的搭档。锣(gong)鼓按照节奏敲打;唢呐（suona)或其他传统的弦乐 器、木管乐器作为背景音乐。

参考译文: Yangge, which is one of the main forms of folk flower fair actions in the first month of the lunar year.In this activity, two people are dressed up, singing and dancing in antiphonal style, others act as singing and dancing partners.The gong and drum are beaten in rhythm;traditional stringed and woodwind instruments are dubbed in background music.8.筷子

说到筷子(chopsticks)的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的 国家，用筷子吃饭已经有至 少 3000 年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单，只有两根小细棒，但它有很多功能，比如挑选，移动，夹，搅拌或 者挖。此外，它便于使用，价格便宜。而且筷子也是世界上独有的 餐具(tableware)。使用筷子的人，无论是中国人还是外国人，都无不钦佩筷子的发明者。

As the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have meals with chopsticks.Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many functions, such as picking, moving, nipping, mixing and digging;moreover，it is convenient for use and cheap in price.Besides, chopsticks are also unique tableware in the world.Anyone using chopsticks，no matter Chinese or foreigners, would without exception admire the inventor of chopsticks.9.扇子

中国扇子的历史可以追溯到 3000 多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一种扇子叫作 “扇汗”（Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来 挡住强烈的阳光，给乘客遮雨的。“扇汗”有点像现在的雨伞。后来 “扇汗”变成了由薄但是结实的丝绸或者鸟的羽毛做成的长柄扇，称为中山扇（Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的仪仗(honour guard)装饰。

参考译文: The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago，around the Shang Dynasty.The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine and shelter the passengers from the rainfall.The Shanhan was a bit like today’s umbrella.Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silk or birds5 feathers, called a Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperor’s honour guard as decoration.10.中国茶

中国是茶的故乡。据说早在五六千年前，中国就有了茶树(tea-shrub),而且有关茶树的人类 文明可以追溯到两千年前。来自中国的茶和丝绸、瓷器(porcelain)—样，在 1000 年前为世界所知，而且一直是中国重要的出口产品。目前世界上 40 多个国家种植茶，其中亚 洲国家的产量占世界总产量的 90%。其他国家的茶树都直接或间接地起源于中国。

参考译文: China is the homeland of tea.It is believed that China has tea-shrubs as early as five to six thousand years ago，and human cultivation of tea pants can date back two thousand years.Tea from China，along with her silk and porcelain, began to be known the world over more than a thousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export.At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90% of the world’s total output.All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.11.丝绸之路

丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要 贸易路线。因为这条路上的 丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所以在 1877 年它 被德国的一位地理学家命名为“丝绸之路”。这条 古道从长安开始，经过河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到达敦煌后分成三条：南部路线，中部 路线和北部路线。这三条路遍布新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后扩展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度，甚至罗马。

参考译文: The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean.Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer.This ancient road begins at Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and Northern Route.The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.12.经济水平多样化的中国

中国是一个文化、语言、风俗和经济水平都很多样化的地方。经济格局尤其多样化。大城市如北京，广州和上海是现代的，相对富裕的。然而，约 50%的中国人仍然生活在农村地区，尽管中国只有 10%的土地是可耕地(arable land)。数百万农村居民仍然依靠体力劳动或役畜(draft animal)耕作。两三百万农民迁到城镇寻找工作。一般来说，南部和东部沿海地区比内陆地区更富有，西部和北部，以及西南部是非常不发达的地区。参考译文: China is a very diverse place with large variations in culture, language, customs and economic levels.The economic landscape is particularly diverse.The major cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai are moden and comparatively wealthy.However, about 50% of Chinese still live in rural areas even though only 10% of China ’s land is arable.Hundreds of millions of rural residents still farm with manual labour or draft animals.Some 200 to 300 million former peasants migrated to townships and cities in search of work.Generally the southern and eastern coastal regions are wealthier while inland areas, the far west and north, and the southwest are much less developed.13.中国对外贸易

对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正迅速成为他们最重要的双边(bilateral)贸易伙伴。然而，中国和世界其他国家之间贸易不平衡的问题已经引发了关注。尤其是美国对中国的贸易赤字是最大的，达到了 3150 亿美元，这个数字是十年前的三倍还多。贸易纠纷(trade dispute)也越来越多，主要是关于倾销(dumping)、知识产权和人民币的估价。

参考译文: For many countries around the world, China is rapidly becoming their most important bilateral trade partner.However，there have been concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the rest of the world.The US in particular has the largest trade deficit in the world with China at $315 billion, more than three times what it was a decade ago.There have also been a growing number of trade disputes brought against, mainly for dumping, intellectual property and the valuation of the yuan.14.中国的假日

中国人民依法享受超过 115 天的假期，其中包括 104 天的周末和 11 天的节假日。中国一 年中有 7个法定假日，包括元旦(New Year’s Day),春节（Spring Festival),清明节（Qingming Festival), 五一劳动节(May Day)，端午节(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋节(Mid-Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。员工有 5 至 15 天的带薪年假。学生和老师有大约三个月的寒暑假。在中国，暑假一般约在 7 月 1 日开始，8 月 31 日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，通常是在 1 月或 2 月

参考译文: Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of weekends and 11 days of festivals.China has seven legal holidays in a year，including New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, May Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and National Day.Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave.Students and teachers have summer and winter vacations for about three months.The summer vacation in China generally starts around July 1st and ends around August 31st，and the winter vacation usually falls on January or February according to the date of the Spring Festival.15.信用卡

信用卡(credit card)是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险 的信用工具。通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些 负担不起的物品，同时，银行也将对此征收比 一般贷款要高的利率(interest rate)。遗憾的是，信用卡现巳成为资本主义体制(capitalist system)的重要组成部分，而该体制就得依赖消费(consumption)的持续增长。

Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever created by the banking system but, at the same time, one of the most dangerous.They allow people to buy things they，otherwise, couldn’t afford，with money created by the banks and, charged out at much higher interest rates than normal loans.Unfortunately, credit cards have become an essential part of the capitalist system which only survives on the continued growth in consumption.参考译文: 16.老龄化

根据全国老龄工作委员会(the China National Committee On Aging)的数据来看，到 2053 年，中国 60 岁及以上的老人数量预计 会从目前的 1.85 亿一跃变为 4.87 亿，或者说是占总人口 的 35%。扩张的比例是由于寿命的增加和计划生育政策(family planning policies)限制大部分城市家庭只生一个孩子。快速老龄化对社会和经济稳定 造成了严重威胁。

参考译文:The number of people aged 60 and above in China is expected to jump from the current 185 million to 487 million, or 35 percent of the population, by 2053，according to figures from the China National Committee On Aging.The expanding ratio is due both an increase in life expectancy and by family planning policies that limit most urban families to a single child.Rapid aging poses serious threats to the country’s social and economic stability.17.中国经济

自从 1978 年经济改革以来，中国已经完成了从中央计划经济(centrally planned economy)向 市场经济(market based economy)的转变。超过 6 亿人已经脱离了贫困，但是仍然有超过 1.7 亿人生活在 国际贫困线以下，每天少于 1.25 美元。2012 年，中国的人均 GDP 为 12405.67 美 元，这是 30 年前的 37 倍。到 2018 年，中国的人均 GDP 将从世界第 90 位上升到第 75 位。然而，这仍然是低于预计的世界平均水平。

参考译文: Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy.More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line.In 2012, China’s GDP(PPP)per capita was $12,405.67.This is 37 times higher than what it was just 30 years ago.By 2018，China’ s GDP per capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world.This however will still be below the forecasted world average.18.中国的保健食品

中国的保健食品（health food)市场首次出现于 20 世纪 80 年代。保健食品是指具有特定保 健功能或补充维生素或矿物质的食品。保 健食品适用于特定人群消费，具有调节人体功能 的效果，但不用于治疗疾病的目的。保健食品有两种。一种是具有特定保健功能的食品，另外一种是营养补充剂。

China’s health food market first emerged in the 1980s.Health food refers to food products which claim to have specific health functions or supplement one’s vitamins or minerals.Health food is suitable for the consumption by specific groups of people and has the effect of regulating human body functions, but is not used for the purpose of treating diseases.There are two kinds of health food.One is food with specific health functions, the other is nutritional supplements.19.成年子女必须探望父母的法律

这周颁布的一项新法律要求子女必须经常探望年龄超过 60 岁的 父母，并确保他们经济和精 神上的需求得到满足。星期二，新华社 报导了_条新闻，来自江苏市无锡市的一位 77 岁的老太太起诉她的女儿忽略她。这是新法律生效后的第一起案件，当地法院规定她的女儿至少每月探望母亲两次，并提供财力支持。但是这项法律引发了争议。有人说这给了那些因为工作、学习或者其他原因搬离家乡的人更多压力。参考译文: A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met.On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her.In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support.But the law’s introduction has proved controversial.Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities.20.中国游客出境游

联合国下属机构世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization)公布的数据显示，中国游客对全 球旅游业的贡献最大。中国人去年花 在出境游上的支出膨胀至 1020 亿美元，同 2011 年相 比增长了 40%。联合国世界旅游组织在其网站上发布的一份声明中说，这一增幅令 中国 迅速超越德国和美国。后两者在之前是出境游支出最高的两个 国家。2012 年德美两国出境 旅游支出均同比增长 6%,约 840 亿美元。参考译文: The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry.Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011.That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.— the former No.1 and No.2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year-on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.21.大学生就业问题

2008 全球经济衰退导致中国的新毕业生的就业市场显著下降。2009 年毕业的学生将加入到 2008 年毕业仍在找工作的 300 万学生之中。毕业生过剩(glut)也可以归因于大学入学率的提高和教育机构的增加。虽然大学的学生人数增加了，但是他们的质量并没有明显地提高。在大多数情况下，毕业生无法在 2008 年找到合适的就业机 会是因为他们没有行业所需的技能。

The 2008 global recession resulted in a significant drop in the job market for China’s new graduates.Students graduating in 2009 will join around three million students who graduated in 2008 and are still seeking job opportunities.The graduate glut can also be attributed to a rise in the number of college enrollments and educational institutions.Although the number of college students has increased, there has not been any significant improvement in their quality.In most cases, graduates were unable to find suitable employment in 2008 because they did not have the skills required by the industry.

第四篇：四级模拟练习(二)

四级练习

（二）考试时间：

分钟

满分：

分

Part 1 Skimming and Scanning(Multiple Choice + Blank Filling)

Directions: Read the following passage and then answer the questions.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Questions 1 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog.Engineers of the Woods

In the forests of North America, where the winters are often long and cold, small lakes can be found along the streams.Sometimes these lakes are natural, sometimes they are man-made, and sometimes they are the constructions of beavers(海狸).You can tell a beaver lake by its dam.To make the dams, the beavers lay sticks and branches on top of each other to form an effective barrier against the water of the stream.Near the dam the beavers lay sticks and branches.Usually this barrier is similar to a small island in a lake.This is the house where a beaver family spends the winter, protecting themselves from enemies and from the cold.The beavers are able to keep dry in the center of the house, which is above water level.The beavers work hard to make their house.They cut down trees, gather branches and put them together with mud.Most of the summer is spent on this kind of work, but in winter the beavers' work pays off.Their house protects them from bears as well as the cold.The beaver is related to animals such as rats and mice.The beaver, however, is much bigger than his relatives.An adult beaver may weigh more than 50 pounds, and his body may be about three feet long.His tail will add ten to twelve more inches to his length.His back feet are webbed, which help him swim rapidly.His front feet are similar to a pair of strong hands.With them he can carry wood and stones.His eyes, nose and ears are small, but he has two huge front teeth.These teeth are always growing, and he must keep them sharp by constant use.The teeth of an adult beaver are yellow from the bark of trees that he bites.Men attach great value to the beaver because beavers can be sold to make expensive clothing.Beavers have almost disappeared from Europe because trappers(设阱捕兽者)have killed so many of them.Beavers might easily have become extinct in America, too, but laws were passed to protect them before they were all killed.The beaver likes family life, and lives with the same mate all his life.Several young—usually two to five—are born every year.The little beavers stay with their parents for two years before mating and setting out on their own.They share the work of building dams, constructing homes and raising the young.When there are too many beavers in one place, some of them will group together in another place.They usually choose a spot near some fairly deep lake or river, where there are trees.The bark of trees is eaten as food.Then the wood is used for building.Sometimes the lodges are built on the bank of the water, but usually they are built on an island in the water.If there is no island already there, the beavers make one by piling sticks and mud on the bed of the river until the top is a few inches above the level of the water.The top 1 is carpeted with small pieces of wood leaves.A roof of sticks and lots of mud is then built over this “floor”.Food for the winter is taken to the lodge before the weather gets too cold.Some of it—the larger pieces—is stored on the bottom of the lake or river, near the entrance to a tunnel leading up to the lodge.There are sometimes several such entrances, under the surface of the water.Wood that is kept under water may be stuck in the mud, or weighted down with stones.Beavers prefer to work at night.One beaver, on a single night, can cut down a tree that is eight inches around.After cutting down the tree, the beaver cuts the trunk into pieces that can be carried.He uses these as the base for the dam.A small dam may be enlarged after several years, in order to flood a large surface and provide living space for more beavers.Under favorable conditions, a dam may last for a hundred years or more.Naturally, other animals use these dams as bridges, forcing the beavers to keep the dams in good repair.The dams must be strong enough to hold up against the pressure of ice in spring and sometimes, holes are made by the beavers, after heavy rains, to allow excess water to run off.Another type of work beavers do is canal digging.When they have used up the good trees near their home, they must bring more wood from farther away.To accomplish this, they may dig a canal(运河)to float the trees to the place where they are needed.Beaver dams help people because they prevent floods and bring water to farms.It is fortunate that these animals have not been allowed to disappear completely.1.The stick and branch dams made by beavers are similar to ________________.A.houses where people spend the winter B.small islands in a lake C.barriers against the water of the stream D.dams that are man-made 2.Beavers spend most of the summer ________________.A.hiding from bears B.making their house C.keeping cold D.looking for mice and rats 3.To help it swim quickly, a beaver has ________________.A.small ears B.strong front feet C.a long tail D.webbed back feet 4.________________ have(has)protected beavers from becoming extinct.A.Family life B.Europe C.Laws D.Trappers 5.Beavers usually choose to live ________________.2 A.in one place B.near some deep lakes or rivers with food C.near some deep lakes or rivers with trees D.near the dams of rivers 6.On the bottom of the lake or river, beavers store ________________.A.large pieces of food B.small pieces of wood leaves C.wood and stones D.sticks and lots of mud 7.In only one night, a beaver can ________________.A.build a small dam B.cut down a tree C.repair a dam D.make more living space 8.9.10.Preventing floods and bringing water to farms are two ways that beaver dams.Beavers dig canals to from the places farther away to the places where they are needed.After heavy rains, beavers make holes in the dam to let excess water.Part 2 Understanding Short Conversations

(Each item: 1)Directions:In this section you'll hear some short conversations.Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.A.Bill took drugs.B.Bill exercised a lot.C.Bill grew new muscles.D.Bill had a new coach.12

A.He was able to exercise every day after work.B.He cannot count the ways his life has changed.C.Others have asked him how he's gotten healthy.D.People have changed their attitude toward him.13

A.Healthy vegetables are very expensive for some people.B.The woman doesn't have a good excuse not to exercise.3 C.Running outside is the best way for a person to exercise.D.Healthy living isn't something to make excuses for.14

A.Taking a new pill.B.Going on a diet.C.Listening to news reports.D.Replacing exercise.1A.60%.B.30%.C.70%.D.50%.16

A.Mother and son.B.Brother and sister.C.Father and daughter.D.Husband and wife.17

A.He started a new program.B.He stopped exercising.C.He feels very tired.D.He was ill last month.18

A.Begin swimming.B.Start weight lifting.C.Look at herself differently.D.Eat better to lose weight.Part 3 Understanding Long Conversations

Directions:In this section you'll hear a long conversation or conversations.Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.Questions 19 to 23 are based on the same passage or dialog.19

A.How water-dense foods can help you lose weight.B.What fruits and vegetables have in common.C.Why one should eat foods with fewer calories.D.Where people get most of their calories.20

A.They are rich in taste.B.They give calories for energy.C.They contain many calories.4 D.They contain a lot of water.21

A.A sandwich.B.A bowl of soup.C.A salad.D.Some fruit.22

A.Eating only when hungry.B.Eating foods low in calories.C.Getting one's water from food.D.Filling up one's stomach with water.23

A.They are convenient.B.They are low in calories.C.They cost more.D.They leave you hungry.Questions 24 to 28 are based on the same passage or dialog.24

A.Boyfriend and girlfriend.B.Husband and wife.C.Father and daughter.D.Mother and son.25

A.Find girlfriends easily.B.Talk to the woman quite often.C.Exercise according to a program.D.Sing the song All You Need is Love.26

A.He's always feeling sorry for himself.B.He's too fat to be attractive for girls.C.He's always too busy exercising.D.He won't go anywhere with a girlfriend.27

A.Finding love.B.Losing weight.C.Exercising.D.Working.5

A.Finding love is not as important as losing weight.B.Feeling sorry for yourself will not help you find love.C.Being thin and exercising are important in finding love.D.Getting a girlfriend is impossible for fat people.Part 4 Understanding Passages

Directions:In this section you'll hear a passage or passages.Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.Questions 29 to 33 are based on the same passage or dialog.29

A.How to beat a bad mood.B.How to do physical exercise.C.How to talk bad moods out.D.How to be involved in physical exercise.30

A.To have enough rest.B.To do some housework.C.To take drugs.D.To talk it out.31

A.They are the most effective.B.They are useful but aren't best.C.They are only what doctors like.D.They are ineffective.32

A.Swimming.B.Doing housework.C.Cooking.D.Washing.33

A.Three to five times a week.B.Twenty minutes a week.C.No less than three times a week.D.No more than five times a week.Questions 34 to 38 are based on the same passage or dialog.34

A.Lower cost for buying bicycles.B.Cars being left at home these days.C.More knowledge about bicycles.D.The need to keep the environment clean.35

A.People want to save time.B.Bicycles are not convenient.C.People trust themselves with cars.D.People are sure of their driving skills.36

A.They need to leave their cars at home.B.They need to have more knowledge about bicycles.C.They need to do more physical exercise.D.They need to live in the center of the city.37

A.80%.B.8%.C.18%.D.10%.38

A.The choice between bicycles and cars.B.Exercises and bicycles.C.Environmental problems.D.Short trips and long trips.Part 5 Compound Dictation

Directions:In this section you will hear a passage or passages three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the information you have just heard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Questions 39 to 48 are based on the same passage or dialog.An elderly woman yesterday made an official claim against a department store.She did so because it had wrongly said she was 39.------------a Christmas card.Mrs.Doss White, 71 years old, is claiming 40.--------------

in damages from the store for improper procedure.In addition, she's taking them to court for their 41.------------

charges.Mrs.White visited the store while doing Christmas 42.------------

but did not buy anything.She was 43.-------------

through the town by a store manager.He had been told that a 44.-------------

saw her take a card and put it in her shopping bag.He 45.--------------

her at a bookstore as she was 7 reading a book.Mrs.White said, “This man, a total stranger, suddenly 46.----------------.” She was taken back to the store and 47.----------until the police arrived.At the police station she was body-searched by a policewoman and nothing was found.Her lawyer said that 48.---------------------

and they insisted that she may have been stealing.The hearing continues today.Part 6 Reading Comprehension(Banked Cloze)

Directions:Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank.You may not use any of the words more than once.caculated

interfer

accumulated

impact

balanced

digest equaled

absorb

recommended

ratio

striking

rate tend

substance

incline

How can you help yourself be at your best when you exercise? The answer is to get a high 49.------------of iron-rich foods in your diet.When people take part in activities like running, they 50.-----------

to lose iron.It is important for your body to 51.-------------

red meats to get the iron you need.It is also essential that you remember to keep your diet 52.------------------and healthy.You can do this by also including grains, which can be found in cereals as well as eating green vegetables.You should also remember that some foods could 53.--------------

with your body absorbing vitamins and minerals.This includes coffee or tea, which contain 54.------------

that are not good for you.Most people should sip on something before, during and after they exercise to replace the water in their bodies.Water and juice are 55.--------------

instead of sodas and coffee.Many have found that modifying their diet has really had a positive 56.---------------

on their performance.“I used to exercise all the time, but my endurance never really improved,” said one athlete.“Even though I was slender and not overweight, I contacted a physician.Together we 57.------------------the amounts of protein, vitamins and minerals I was getting.The improvement in my performance was 58.--------------------after I changed what I was eating.The most important thing is that I am getting more iron.”

Directions:Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Questions 59 to 63 are based on the same passage or dialog.Another example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as “beri-beri”(脚气病), which used to affect large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice.In the early years of the 20th century, a Dutch scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beri-beri.At first he thought it was transmitted(传送)by a germ(细菌).He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on rice which had had the external husk(壳)removed from the grain, called “white rice.” It was thought this would be 8 easier for weak, sick people to digest.Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on scraps(碎片)from the patients' plates, were also showing signs of the disease.He then tried to isolate the germ he thought was causing the disease, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who ruled that the huskless polished rice was too good for chickens.The chickens should be fed cheap rice with the external covering still on the grain, called “brown rice.” Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet.He began to consider the possibility that eating brown rice somehow prevented or cured beri-beri—even that a lack of some ingredient in the husk might be the cause of the disease.Indeed this was the case.The element needed to prevent beri-beri was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as Vitamin B.The white rice, though more expensive, was keeping alive the disease the hospital was trying to cure.59 From the context, what do you think the author mentions in the paragraph that is just before this first paragraph? A.One example of the importance of vitamins.B.One example of the benefits of eating healthy foods.C.One example of the dangers of a restricted diet.D.One example of the benefits of various vitamins.60 The disease “beri-beri” ________.A.kills large numbers of Western peoples B.is a vitamin deficiency disease C.is transmitted by diseased rice D.can be caught from diseased chickens

The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yard ________.A.couldn't digest the huskless rice B.proved beri-beri is transmitted by germs C.were later cooked for the patients' food D.were suffering from vitamin deficiency

Huskless, white rice ________.A.was cheaper than brown rice B.was less beneficial to the body than brown rice C.was more beneficial to the body than brown rice D.cured beri-beri

The ingredient missing from white rice ________.A.was Vitamin B B.did not affect the chickens C.was named the Eijkman vitamin D.has never been accurately identified 9

Questions 64 to 68 are based on the same passage or dialog.A department store's inputs include the land upon which the building is located;the labor of the employees;capital in the form of building, equipment and products they sell;and the management skills of the store managers.On a farm, the operation system is the transformation that occurs when a farmer's inputs(land, equipment, labor, etc.)are changed into such outputs(产出)as corn, wheat or milk.The exact process is different from industry to industry, but it is an economic phenomenon that exists in every industry.Economists refer to this change of resources into goods and services as the production function.For all operation systems, the general goal is to create some kind of value-added outputs that are worth more to consumers than just the sum of the individual inputs.To the consumers, the resulting products offer usefulness due to the form, the time, or the place they are available.However, the process is subject to unpredictable fluctuations(波动).Unplanned or uncontrollable influences may cause the actual output to be different from planned output.Unpredictable fluctuations can arise from external problems(fire, floods or lightning, for example)or from internal problems that are part of the process that change them into useful goods.Variability of equipment, material imperfections, and human mistakes all affect output quality.In fact, unpredictable variations are the rule rather than the exception in the production processes;therefore, reducing variation becomes a major management task.The function of the feedback(反馈)is to provide information connection.Without some feedback of information, management personnel cannot control operations because they don't know the results of their directions.64 What is included in a store's inputs? A.Its equipment.B.Its workers.C.Its managers.D.Its departments.65 Which of the following is a farmer's output? A.Operation system.B.Wheat and corn.C.His labor.D.Transformation.66 The production function is ________.A.the random fluctuation that can be eliminated B.the transformation of resources into other things C.the goods and services that are used by people D.the value added to items that have been transformed 67.A.Quality of output will always be reduced some.What is the effect of unplanned or uncontrollable influences? 10 B.Actual output can be different from planned output.C.Random fluctuations can arise from external sources.D.New rules can be put in place to manage them.68 What is the effect of not having feedback? A.Management has new tasks to accomplish.B.Management has trouble reducing variation.C.Management cannot control operations.D.Management cannot give instructions.Part 8 Cloze(with four choices provided)

Directions:Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank.Questions 69 to 88 are based on the following passage.People with back problems can benefit from exercise.Examples of exercise that are 69.----------include walking, swimming and riding an exercise bicycle.Many people 70.---------

the wrong thing about exercise.They think that balance and movement problems are 71.---------

with age.Exercise can help older adults improve strength and balance and, 72.----------

them from tiring easily.It has been proved that even a low level of exercise can 73.---------

the risk of falls.In addition, elderly people with regular exercises have showed significant improvement in the 74.-------------

of their hearts and quality-of-life measurements.They enjoy an increased 75.------------

of control over their lives.76.-----------, evidence suggests that exercise has an added benefit.It increases your body's 77.----------------

of molecules called endorphins that fight pain and increase happiness.The body's production of this 78.------------

has an effect anyone can enjoy.It creates the well-known feeling 79.----------------

exercise called “runner's high”.Exercise should be 80.-----------for 30 or more minutes in order to keep the heart rate elevated(提高).People with back pain should 81.---------------an exercise program that is low-impact.It is also important to 82.--------------

your muscles before beginning exercise activity.Also you should 83.----------

the amount of exercise you do.Do this 84.--------your actual physical condition.Here are two exercise 85.----------that are gentle on the back: Walking for exercise: Typically, walking two to three miles three times 86.------------week is very helpful for people with back problems.An exercise bicycle: Using an exercise bicycle is also 87.------------.It may be less 88.-------------

for the back.Exercising in water: Doing exercise in water is good for conditioning.11 69.A.compatible B.durable C.agreeable 70.A.consume B.assume C.fancy 71.A.acceptable B.suitable C.inevitable 72.A.prevent B.avoid C.hinder 73.A.reduce B.shorten C.moderate 74.A.shape B.position C.situation 75.A.sense B.concern C.mood 76.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Furthermore 77.A.reduction B.production C.construction 78.A.content B.substance C.material 79.A.during B.while C.when 80.A.select B.specify C.collect 81.A.stable B.steady C.continuious 82.A.extend B.lengthon C.expand 83.A.restrain B.moderate C.adapt 84.A.according to B.due to C.because of 85.A.orders B.patterns C.customs 86.A.for B.in C.per 87.A.effective B.efficient C.adequate 88.A.stressed B.stressful C.tense

Part 9 Translation from Chinese into English

following the instructions)given in the brackets.89.D.advisable D.imagine D.considerable D.forbid D.weaken D.condition D.view D.Instead D.creation D.mater D.as

D.determine D.continual D.stretch D.modify D.in spite of D.programs D.of D.fruitful D.intense Directions:Translate the following Chinese into English, using the expressions(or 她对100位不锻炼的妇女做了两年研究，这些妇女年龄在30至60岁之间，均显示出缺铁的症状。

90.91.因此铁质补剂对有些人来说有时是必要的。92.高强度的耐力运动可能导致铁质流失，(result in)

93.主席的工作是介绍各发言人并在会议结束时作总结。(sum up)如果育龄妇女拒绝食牛肉、羊肉，她们流失铁质的危险就更大。

由五个大学的教授组成的小组所进行的研究表明，即使是适度的锻炼，也可能会降低女性血液中的铁质含量。

第五篇：四级翻译练习2

京剧 Peking opera

秦腔 Qin opera

功夫Kungfo

太极Tai Chi

口技 ventriloquism

木偶戏puppet show

皮影戏shadowplay

折子戏 opera highlights

杂技 acrobatics

相声 witty dialogue comedy

刺绣 embroidery

苏绣 Suzhou embroidery

泥人 clay figure

书法 calligraphy

中国画 traditional Chinese painting

水墨画 Chinese brush painting

中国结 Chinese knot

中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China

火药 gunpowder

印刷术printing

造纸术 paper-making

指南针 the compass

青铜器 bronze ware

瓷器 porcelain;china

唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

景泰蓝cloisonne

秋千swing

武术 martial arts

儒家思想Confucianism

儒家文化 Confucian culture

道教 Taoism

墨家Mohism

法家 Legalism

佛教 Buddhism

孔子 Confucius

孟子 Mencius

老子 Lao Tzu

庄子 Chuang Tzu

墨子 Mo Tzu

孙子Sun Tzu

象形文字 pictographic characters

文房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of the Study(brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)

《大学》The Great Learning

《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius 《孙子兵法》The Art of War 《三国演义》Three Kingdoms 《西游爷己》Journey to the West 《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes 《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records 《诗经》The Book of Songs 《易经》The I Ching;The Book of Changes 《礼记》The Book of Rites 《三字经》Three-character Scriptures 八股文 eight-part essay 五言绝句 five-character quatrain 七言律诗 seven-character octave 旗袍 cheongsam 中山装 Chinese tunic suit 唐装 Tang suit 风水Fengshui;geomantic omen 阳历 Solar calendar 阴历 Lunar calendar 闰年 leap year 十二生肖zodiac

春节 the Spring Festival 元宵节 the Lantern Festival 清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节 the Double-ninth Day 七夕节 the Double-seventh Day 春联 spring couplets 庙会 temple fair 爆竹 firecracker 年画(traditional)New Year pictures 压岁钱 New Year gift-money 舞龙dragon dance

元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯 festival lantern 灯谜 lantern riddle 舞狮 lion dance 踩高跷 stilt walking

赛龙舟 dragon boat race 胡同hutong 山东菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine 粤菜 Canton cuisine 扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 月饼 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 馄饨 wonton(dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 烧饼 clay oven rolls 皮蛋 100-year egg;century egg 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg 糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks 火锅hot pot 长城 the Great Wall of China 烽火台 beacon tower

秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山“Wutai Mountain 九华山Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山 Mount Tai 黄山 Mount Huangshan;the Yellow Mountain 故宫 the Imperial Palace 天坛 the Temple of Heaven 午门 Meridian Gate 大运河 Grand Canal 护城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸关Juyongguan Pass 九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall

黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 苏州园林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake 九寨沟Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布达拉宫Potala Palace 鼓楼 drum tower 四合院 quadrangle;courtyard complex 孔庙 Confucius Temple 乐山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha 十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛Lama 转世灵重 reincarnated soul boy 中药 traditional Chinese medicine 《黄帝内经》Emperor Huangdi’s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine 《神农本草经》Shennong’s Herbal Classic 《本草纲目》Compendium of MateriaMedica 针灸 acupuncture 推拿 medical massage 切脉 feeling the pulse 五禽戏 five-animal exercises 旧石器时代 the Paleolithic Age 新石器时代 the Neolithic Age;New Stone Age 母系氏族社会 matriarchal clan society 封建的feudal 朝代 dynasty 秦朝 Qin Dynasty 汉朝 Han Dynasty 唐朝 Tang Dynasty 宋朝 Song Dynasty 元朝 Yuan Dynasty 明朝 Ming Dynasty 清朝 Qing Dynasty 秦士台皇帝 Emperor Qinshihuang;the First Emperor of Qin 皇太后 Empress Dowager 汉高祖刘邦 Liu Bang, Emperor Hangaozu, founder of the Han Dynasty 成吉思汗Genghis Khan 春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period 文成公主 Tang Princess Wencheng 慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi 皇帝，君主 emperor;monarch 诸侯vassal 皇妃 imperial concubine 丞相，宰相 prime minister

太监 court eunuch 少数民族 ethnic minority 祭祀 offer sacrifices 西域 the Western Regions 战国 the Warring States 中华文明 Chinese civilization 文明的摇篮 cradle of civilization 秦始皇统一中国 unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang 鸦片战争the Opium War 太平天国 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 戌戌变法 the Reform Movement of 1898 辛亥革命 the 1911 Revolution 新民主主义革命 New-democratic Revolution 五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919 南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising 918 事变 September 18th Incident 长征 the Long March 西安事变Xi”an Incident 南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre 抗日战争 the War of Resistance Against Japan 毛泽东 Mao Tse-tong 孙中山 Sun Yat-sen 蒋介石 Chiang Kai-shek 国民党Kuomingtang 中华人民共和国 the People’s Republic of China(PRC)满族 Manchu 蒙古人Mongol 士大夫 scholar-officials 学者 scholar 诗人 poet 政治家statesman

社会地位social status

北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。

参考答案

In Beijing, there are numeroushutongs.The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing.The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture.Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people.Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity.Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongsare replaced by new tall buildings.I hope hutongs can be preserved.难点精析

1.带来了无穷的魅力：翻译为bring endless charm to。

2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太重要的信息会用 | 介词短语或从句来补充说明，如本段中“胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是：两个并列关系的汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来，起补充说明的作用。

3.充满友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。

4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic development，也是with介词短语的应用，在句中作伴随状语。

中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。

参考答案

Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals.For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day.The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon.The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion.The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake.The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday.Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ” new year cake.难点精析

■ 1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。

2.纪念：翻译为介词短语in memory of,修饰前面的a day。

■ 3.赛龙舟：翻译为hold dragon boat races,其中hold意为“举行”，“举行龙舟比赛”即“赛龙舟”。

4.观赏满月：“满月”即fMlmoon,此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。

5.象征着家庭团聚：“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol for,也可以用动词symbolize表示，“家庭团聚”翻译：为 family reunion 即可。

唐朝（Tang Dynasty）被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期。唐朝的首都在长安。在与印度和中东（the Middle East）的交流中，在他们的促进下，唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。唐朝是文学和艺术的黄金时期。唐朝通过科举制度（civil service examinations）在全国选出优秀的儒家文人（Confucian literati）为政府效力，而唐朝的政府体系在儒学官僚（Confucian bureaucratic）的支持下也日臻完善。公元8世纪中期，唐朝势力开始衰落。

Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization.Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great development in many fields.The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art.Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, the government system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucian bureaucratic.By the middle of the eighth century A.D., the power of Tang Dynasty began to ebb.面子是某个人在他人眼中的社会地位和名声。中国人一生都用语言和行动维护和提升面子。可以小到谁先上电梯，也可以大到百万美元的合同授予。没有面子也就没有了影响力。即使是无意中让别人没面子，也是极其严重的冒犯（dishonor），可能意味着断绝关系。中国人不会公开批评、忽视或取笑他人，即使是开玩笑。点评别人的成绩时，也是先说优点，再讲不足

The concept of “face” can be described as someone’s social status or reputation in the eyes of others.Throughout a Chinese person’s life, he maintains and enhances his “face” with words and actions.It may be something as small as who gets into the elevator first or as big as the awarding of multimillion dollar contacts.Losing face equals/ means losing power or influence.Even to make someone lose face unintentionally is a serious dishonor and could mean the end of a relationship.Chinese people never criticize, ignore or make fun of a person in front of others, even jokingly.When discussing individual performance, they always emphasize good points before bad ones.在中国，喝茶是一种仪式（ritual），一种精致品位(refined taste)的展示。人们在饮茶的同时，也领略着（take delight in）品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的大发时间的方式。过去，他们是以进有名的茶馆（tea house）而开始一天的生活的。中国的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。人们到这里不仅是为了喝茶，也是为了议论当地的新闻或对政治话题进行激烈的（furious）辩论。

Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined taste.While drinking tea, people also take delight in the essence of tea itself.Chatting over a pot of tea is a very popular way of pastime among Chinese.In the past, they would start the day with a visit to a well-known teahouse.Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English pubs.People come here not just for tea, but also to discuss local news or to have furious political debates.据最近的一项网上调查显示，55%的中国青年认为自己对生活缺乏热情，71%的人认为他们承受着巨大的压力。焦虑普遍存在于当今的中国年轻人中。名车、豪宅和优越的生活（live a privileged life）是人们追求的目标。然而，与高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用相比，他们的工资过低且增长缓慢，看不到脱离困境的希望，焦虑因此而产生

A recent online survey found that 55 percent of young people in China thought they ware lacking enthusiasm for life, and 71 percent considered themselves under heavy pressure.Anxiety is a common phenomenon among young Chinese today.Brand-name cars, luxurious houses and living a privileged life are people’s driven goals.However, compared with the high housing prices, education expenses and medial costs, their income is too low with slow growth and they see little hope for escaping, so anxiety occurs.传统中国绘画是一门独特的艺术，无论是风格还是技巧都与世界其他艺术门类迥然不同。传统的日本绘画可能算是例外，但是不要忘了，它是深受中国文化影响的。中国绘画采用毛笔（brush）蘸墨汁或颜色，灵巧地挥洒（wield）在纸上。画家用深、浅、浓、淡的点和线构成一幅图画。在优秀画家的手里，毛笔和墨汁不仅是绘画的工具，也是画家艺术追求的象征。Passage 5.Traditional Chinese paintings constitute a unique school of art, a school that, in style and techniques is widely different from any other art school in the world.Traditional Japanese art may be the only exception, but it has to be remembered that it has been heavily influenced by the Chinese culture.The Chinese do paintings with brushes, dipping their brushes in ink or paint and then skillfully wielding them.Painters produce on the paper pictures with lines and dots-some heavy, and some light, and some deep, and some pale.In the hands of a good painter, brushes and ink are not only tools for drawing pictures, but also the symbol of his or her artistic pursuit.二十四节气（solar terms）的划分起源于黄河流域一带（Yellow River area），是中国古代历法（calendar）特有的重要组成部分和独特创造。在古代中国，人们常用二十四节气来表示季节更替和气候变化状况。节气的制定是我们祖先在长期的农业生产实践中，逐步认识气象变化规律的结果。长期以来，甚至直到今天，二十四节气在中国的农牧业生产（agricultural and animal husbandry production）中一直起着重要的作用

Passage 6.The twenty-four solar terms is a unique component and creative invention of the Chinese traditional calendar, first originating from the Yellow River area.It was used to indicate the alternation of seasons and climate changes in ancient China.The establishment of solar terms reflected our ancestors’ knowledge about climate changes during their long history of farming activities.Over years, it has played an important role in China’s agricultural and animal husbandry production even to this day.在媒介文化高度发展的今天，年轻人接触外来文化的方式越来越多。根据中国互联网信息中心（CNNIC）的统计，截止到 2004年6月30日，中国上网用户总数达到8,700万人，其中多数是年轻人。现代社会的开放性、多样性，是的年轻人不得不在西方文化的冲击中寻找自己的文化定位。实际上，现在很多年轻人在很多生活方式上已经很难分清它是来自西方还是东方。

Passage 7.In the era of highly developed media culture, young people have more contact than ever with foreign culture.According to CNNIC statistics, by June 30, 2004, China had had 87milion Internet users, most of whom are young people.Coupled with the openness and diversity of modern society, young Chinese people now have to seek their culture orientation under the impact of Western culture.In fact, many aspects of the Western and Eastern lifestyle are so blended that many young people find it difficult to make those lifestyle distinguishable.刺绣（Embroidery）是中国艺术的一颗璀璨明珠，在秦汉时期就已达到较高的水平。它是一门传统工艺，有各种样式，广泛分布于中国的各个地区。有些精致（elaborate）绣品需要花费几位熟练技工数月甚至数年才能完成。在服饰文化中，刺绣工艺占有重要地位。它不仅是中国传统艺术和手工艺的瑰宝，也是中华文化的重要组成部分。它代表了中国人民的智慧。Passage 8.Embroidery which had already reached a high level in the Qin and Han dynasties is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art.Embroidery is a traditional craft found in many styles in different parts of China.Some elaborate pieces require months or even years to be finished and call on the skills of several experienced craftspeople.In the costume culture, it occupies an important position in the treasure of the Chinese traditional arts and crafts, and is also an important part of Chinese culture.It represents the wisdom of Chinese people.京剧在中国有200多年的历史。它源于华东地区的徽剧及华中地区的汉剧，后又汲取了昆曲、河北梆子两种地方戏的精华。由于这一表演艺术在北京兴起并繁荣，因此而得名。京剧是中国最有影响力的戏曲，在社会各阶层中都有广大爱好者。晴天时，人们常常可以看到京剧票友（amateurs of Peking Opera performers）在街头（street corner）、公园或居民区周围练唱。观看京剧是到中国来的海外游客最喜爱的活动之一。

Passage 9.Peking Opera has a history of more than 200 years in China.It started as a derivative of Hui Opera in eastern China and Han Opera in central China, absorbing valuable elements from two regional operas, Kunqu and HebeiBangzi.Since this performing art arose and flourished in Beijing, hence the name.Peking Opera is the most influential opera in China, claiming numerous enthusiasts in all segments of society.It can be often seen that amateurs of Peking Opera performers sing in street corners, parks or residential areas on fine days.Watching Peking Opera is one of the most popular events among overseas tourists to China.中西方饮食习惯（eating habits）存在极大的差异。不同于西方人那种每人一盘事物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在桌上让大家共同分享的。如果你在中国主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌事物的心理准备。中国人对于自己的烹饪文化（culture of cuisine）感到非常自豪，而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客（hospitality）。而且有时候，中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。这是礼貌的体现

Passage 10.There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits.Unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares.If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table of food.Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality.And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plat.This is a sign of politeness.茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着20多个少数民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比如:大理，丽江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站(post house),古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在?

汉译英

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties.Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, YarlungZangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace.The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads.It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs.Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.