2014大学生英语专业必备高级英语作文

第一篇：2014大学生英语专业必备高级英语作文

An insatiable appetite

Laurie Lee states in his composition Appetite that “wilde said he felt sorry for those who never got their heart’s desire, but sorrier still for those who did.” For his part, appetite is one of the main pleasures in life, which can guard the happiness of life.I quite agree with his viewpoint.When I was young, I had a strong desire to possess a beautiful dress.However, my parents would not buy me a dress in order to cut down family expenditures.At the same time, my companions could have pretty clothes and all they wanted to eat, which made me envious.I would rather possess a pretty dress than have a meal.The craving was so intensive that I dreamt every lovely dress at night.Nevertheless, when I got a dreamy dress from my parents one day, all appetite was disappeared.I felt joyful for an acute moment.Then, nothing can remain in the wanting, neither dress nor lust.As the proverb goes, “Happiness is the process of acquisition, rather than results.” When we finally reach our goals, the happiness is not as keen as we have anticipated.In conclusion, life is short and precious, and we should preserve the desire to have a happy life.3080311131 顾晓晨 英语085班

第二篇：大学生英语专业高级英语译文

第七课

神奇的集成电路片时代(节选)

新生的微型技术将使社会发生巨变这是一个极小的薄片，只有大约四分之一英寸见方。在显微镜下看起来，它就像一幅繁花似锦的那伐鹤地毯，或是一幅铁路调车场的鸟瞰图。像海滩上的沙粒一样，它的主要成分是硅——地球表面除氧之外蕴含量最为丰富的元素。

然而，这种惰性小薄片——大多数美国人尚不熟悉——却具有惊人的本领，正在使我们的社会发生着巨变。这种被称为神奇的集成电路片的东西有着与二十五年前制造出的足有一间房子大的老式计算机相同的计算能力。那种老式计算机内有许许多多的真空电子管和乱麻似的导线，又大又笨，形似怪物。集成电路片是由老式计算机衍化而来的，所不同的是它造价低廉，易于批量生产，计算速度快，功能繁多，使用方便。

神奇的集成电路片代表了人类科技的新发展。近几年来，这项技术的发展势

头之迅猛和意义之深远足可与人类历史上生产工具的出现和蒸汽机的发明相提并论。正如工业革命替人类承担了大量繁重的体力劳动，并极大地发展了生产力一样，微型计算机正迅速地替人类承担起大量繁重的脑力劳动，并以人们现在才开始掌握的各种方式扩大了人脑的功能。有了集成电路片，计算机存储信息和执行指令的惊人本领就在以汽车发动机到大学和医院，从农场到银行和公司办公室，从外层空间到托儿所等各个领域发挥作用。

日常生活：按钮的神通

早晨七点半钟，闹钟铃声一响，卧室的窗帘轻轻地自动往两边分开，百叶遮

阳帘啪地一声向上卷起，恒温器将室温上调到令人惬意的华氏七十度。厨房里的咖啡壶开始咕咕作响；后门自动打开放狗子出去。电视机荧光屏闪亮，开始播放

当天的第一套新闻节目，这是(头天晚上预设好的)选择性新闻提要，内容包括世界上最近发生的一切对经济有影响的，涉及立法、政治以及金融方面的重大事件。新闻播完后，屏幕上便接着显示出早晨收到的信函，来函者都是通过将信息输入计算机网络而将信函传递过来的。此时仍舒舒服服躺在床上的那位现代阿拉丁紧接着便按下床头柜上的一个按钮，发出一连串公私事务上的备忘录信息，这些信息立刻便出现在那魔幻似的屏幕上。浴室里淋浴器准时地自动打开，水温也调控得恰到好处。阿先生洗完淋浴后，即得到一阵蜂鸣器的响声和荧光屏上一道蓝光的提示。他的上司——公司总经理已经出发上班了。阿先生这才穿好衣服，步态从容地走到汽车边，他的汽车自然已经发动好了„„

在丈夫与她吻别之后，艾丽斯•阿拉丁便全神贯注地审读着屏幕上显示出来的当地各家商店和市场的物价对照表。在电视屏幕上与肉店、面包店和杂货店老板们进行面对面的商谈之后，她按下一个按钮，订购当天晚宴所需的各种物品。接着，她又按下厨房计算机终端设备上的几个按钮，从计算机存储器中调出一些她所喜爱的菜谱，指令计算机计算出六份饭菜所需的各种配料的数量，指示烤炉下午七点十五分点火，根据菜谱上的要求调节出烹饪各道菜时的合适温度。接下来，艾丽斯参加了一场拜占廷艺术电视讨论会(她是通过计算机学习拜占廷艺术的)。过后，她信步走进微机室。在那里，小阿拉迪刚从耳机中得知，他的拉丁语动词变位练习成绩“优良”。

这完全是科学幻想吗?也许是吧。但是，尽管以上描述的那一连串发生在早晨的事情还要过若干年后才能变成现实，实现这一切所需的基本技术业已问世。像以上描述的那种早晨舒舒服服地起来，不费多大劲却能做好许多事情，这种情况将来会极为普通。只要没有头痛、胃痛和心痛，美国人一天的生活会过得像一

天开始时一样顺畅。这一切全是由于微型计算机的神奇功能，使得那造价极低廉的集成电路片能用电子技术担负起大量令人厌烦又耗费时间的工作。

微型电子技术革命可望减轻生活负担，提高生活质量，简化生活程序，而且这些美好前景是连幻想家们做梦也没有想到过的。无论是家里还是办公室里，日常琐事都将以惊人的高效率和高速度得到处理；休闲时间不仅会大大增加，也会变得更加丰富多彩；在美国，常常是枯燥乏味、变化无常的公共教育也将会具有像牛津大学导师制教育那样令人振奋的质量——从学前教育开始即是这样。医疗卫生服务也会更加完善而少出差错。

信件误投的事将不再会经常发生；在大街上行走会变得更加安全，因为人们再不必随身携带大量的现金，几乎所有的金融交易都将通过计算机来完成；在微型电子化社会里，家庭将再度成为社会活动的中心，就像工业革命前的情形一样。

神奇的集成电路片的大规模生产，已经使家庭计算机系统的售价有可能低于八百美元——而且价格还将继续下跌。许许多多的家用电器都将由计算机来控制。终有一天，家用计算机将会像厨房的洗涤槽一样成为极普通的家庭日常用具；通过计算机程序来控制洗衣机、防盗防火报警器、缝纫机、机器人吸尘器和全自动洗碗机。一旦某种机器出了故障，只需问一下计算机即可马上调出修复指令——将来生产的换代计算机还会自动排除故障。能源消耗也可以通过一种计算机控制的装置得以降低，因为这种装置能自动地根据各生活区的需要送热，而对不需要的地区则关闭热源。该装置的那只万能的眼睛时时刻刻能感知到哪儿有人哪儿没人，因此，它同样可以根据需要开关电灯。

随着家用信息处理系统取代备忘簿、笔记本、文件夹、帐本和厨房记事板的功能，废纸堆将再也看不见了。

尽管要等到若干年后普通的家庭主妇才能通过电脑电视采购物品，但达到这一目标的基本技术设备已在越来越多的超级市场里装置起来了。

表面看起来，计算机似是一种导致人类特性丧失的因素，但实际情况恰恰相反。计算机正引导着消费者群体摆脱由流水线大批生产出来的各种产品千篇一律的状况。将来总有一天，集成电路片会使根据顾客要求定制鞋子和衣服的程序——由计算机控制进行——有可能在几分钟内完成。目前这种定制生产的产品还只有少数富人能够享用，到那时便人人都可享用了。

在医疗卫生领域中，个人服务比在美国生活的其他任何领域都显得重要。在这个领域中，计算机的参与也同样会成为一个人性化的因素。若由一台计算机按编好的程序来恰当地向病人提问以了解病情而不是由一位疲惫不堪、模样可能有点吓人的医生来询问病情的话，病人一定会更准确详尽地说出自己的症状、饮食习惯和病史。

在有些医院里，计算机有编好的程序用来提醒药房按处方配药，并提示护士按时按量让患者服药。

对于流动性强的美国人来说，除了健康、爱情和美满家庭之外，幸福还有赖于汽车。计算机技术有可能会使我们现在所熟悉的汽车成为博物馆里的古董。除了装在发动机罩底上的微型处理器有助于提高汽车运行效率外，微型计算机还能简化汽车操纵程序，提高安全系数，使开车人和坐车人既放心又省心。福特汽车公司现在已经可以向购买该公司所产大陆牌V型轿车的用户提供一种叫“燃料里程计量器”的东西。司机只需按下一个按钮，即可从表上看出油箱中的现存油量及在有必要重新加油前他的汽车所能行驶(以当时的行速)的里程数。驾驶通用汽车公司一九七八年产的卡迪拉克牌塞维利亚型轿车的司机也享有类似的便利：只要按一个按钮，就能知道离预定的某个目的地尚有多少里程以及预计到达目的地的时间。将来生产出来的最高级的轿车上将会装备一个只有铅笔般大，却能在几秒钟内拨通世界上任何号码的移动电话，还会装备一个能代替措手不及的司机刹车的自动刹车装置和一个避免发生撞车事故的微型雷达。

电子革命的最大、最多的好处(与其他几次革命不同)将体现在年轻人身上。据麻省理工学院数学和教育学教授塞摩尔•帕波特预测，两年之内进人家庭供学生用的个人电脑将达五百万台；他预测出，到一九八二年，百分之八十的上中层阶级的家庭将拥有“能对他们子女的智力开发起重要作用”的计算机。电子化教育的先驱、加利福尼亚作家罗伯特•阿布莱希特说过，“在学校里，计算机将比幻灯机、放影机和录音机更为常见。从学校一开门，到课间休息、午休，直至校长宣布放学，从头至尾计算机都会发生作用。”

举国上下，“这些神奇的动物”一一人们是这样称呼计算机的——都在为那些精疲力竭、力不从心的教师们助一臂之力。它们正在重新激起那些厌学的学生的学习热情，以多数教师尚未知悉的方式吸引着学生们并给他们以求知的动力。

对广大消费者而言，要全面应用计算机革命的一切成果为时尚早。据估计，计算机至少还有二万五千种用途有待我们去发现。《经济学家》杂志曾发表文章评论说，“要问计算机有多少种用途，就同问电有多少种用途一样。”神奇的集成电路片必然会以既有益又有效的方式影响美国生活，计算机革命正在促进人的智力发展，解放人的四肢，将人类生活提到一个更高的水平。

(摘自《时代》，1978年2月20日)

第三篇：大学英语专业的高级英语教学工作

结语翻译目的论从一个新的角度界阐释了翻译将翻译的预期目的放到首要位置并把翻译至于跨文化交 际中将文化差异的因素考虑在内这为农业论文的汉英翻译提供了新的视角对翻译实践有重要的指导意 义。根据目的论农业论文的汉英翻译应更加注重译文语言的可接受性关注目的语读者的表达习惯以及 中英文的句法差异使译文符合农业英语的文体特点注重译文的逻辑性、客观性和正确性。同时还要深 刻理解译语的文化差异充分考虑译入语读者的心理感受发挥译者的主体性避免读者困惑不解使文章具 有可读性。这样才能达到国际间学术交流的目的有效地将我国农业的发展成果、思想策略传播到国外 为世界农业的发展做出贡献。校内同事举证评价高级英语是外国语学院英语专业三年级的一门专业主 干课程担任这门课程的教师均有出国经历业务能力强教学经验丰富课程组倡导研究性学习注重培养学 生的分析问题、解决问题的能力课堂教学采用三点一线的教学模式和多元一体的复合型教学方法较大 地提高了教学水平使学生受益匪浅在英语专业过级中取得了较好的成绩(根据对校内教学督导组教授座 谈调查反馈整理)。来自教学管理部门、专家们的肯定 作为教学质量的监控部门外国语学院每年都对 高级英语课程任课教师进行定量评价和定性评价。在评价中每次都以其优良的教学效果获得好评所有 任课老师的考评成绩100%获得优秀。

2007年教育部对吉林农业大学教学评估http://期间专家对外语学院的教学、论文等工作进行了全面评估获得“优秀 英语专家对吉林农业大学英语专业的高级英语教学工作、对 授课教师、对学生的表达水平给予了非常高的评价。结语由于现在的教学评价和测试环节尚未完全科学化、系统化“三维一体的考评体系中仍存在 教师评价的主观性因素;各位教师的现代教育技术运用能力尚待进一步提高。随着英语专业高级英语教 学改革的深入对教师的业务水平、科研能力、教材的使用、教学管理模式等方面有着更高的要求。教 育工作者应秉着因材施教、实事求是的精神遵循语言学习的认知规律使高级英语课程改革沿着科学化、理性化、系统化、现代化的方向不断深入和发展。

第四篇：自考英语专业高级英语教案 上册

高级英语教案

Lesson One

Rock Superstars : What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society ?

1.Rock Superstars 摇滚乐超级明星 rock : rock music , rock ' n ' roll(or : rock and roll)摇滚乐 早期的摇滚乐是源于美国的民歌(folk)爵士乐(jazz)勃鲁斯歌曲(blues)等的一种音乐,其特征是具 有强烈的节奏(rhythm)单纯的旋律(melody)一再重复的歌词和音符的后拍音(after beat)2.Rock is the music of teenage rebellion.摇滚乐是青少年的反叛音乐 a.teenage adj.pertaining to a teenager(13 至 19 岁的)青少年的.其名词形式为teenager:(13至19岁的青少年).b.rebellion : resistance to or defiance of any authority 造反,反派.如;a rebellion against old traditions 对旧传统的反叛.3.By a man ' s heroes ye shall know him.你将从一个人崇拜的英雄得知其人.a.这句句子的句型与英语中常说的 judge a man by the company he keeps(以一个人所交的朋友断定其为人)很相似.b.ye = you 用于古英语或诗歌中,是第二人称代词thou的复数.如: Ye are the salt of the earth.你们是社会的中坚.(出自<<圣经>>)

4.'' Midnight Rambler '' : ramble : walk for pleasure漫游,既可表动词,也可作名词.如;They rambled through the woods.他们在林中漫步.5....he said , '' grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform , sprinkling its contents over the first rows of sweltering listeners...'' a.grab : to seize suddenly , eagerly , or roughly;snstch 急抓,夺取.如: He jumped up from the table , grabbed his hat and ran out of the door.他从桌子旁跳了起来,抓起自己的帽子,奔出门去.另外,grab后面可以跟其他名词或名词短语.如: grab a shower快速冲了澡, grab a sandwich,胡乱吃了一个三明治, grab a taxi 赶搭出租车.有时,还可以作不及物动词.如: He grabbed at the opportunity of going abroad.他设法抓住这次出国的机会 b.sprinkle : to scatter drops or particles of water , powder or the like on 洒液体,撒粉末等(于......上).如: They sprinkled ashes on the icy sidewalk.他们在积水溜滑的人行道上撒了灰.We sprinkle the lawn every day.我们每天给草坪洒水.以'' sprinkling ''引导的短语是动词的 ''ing ''形式作前置修饰语, '' screaming fans '' 意为“尖声大叫的歌迷” c.crunch : to proceed with a crushing noise嘎吱嘎吱地往前.如: The children crunched through the snow.孩子们嘎吱嘎吱地踩着雪走.8.I ought to be crawling on my knees.a.crawled : to move with the face downward and the boye close to the ground爬行.如;The bus crawled along.公共汽车缓慢地行进.注意:短语 crawl into the favor of one's superiors表示“卑躬屈膝地讨好上司”.b.on one's knees : 双膝跪地.9.How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship ? a.feel about : consider , think of 觉得,感到.经常用于疑问句中, 如: How do you feel about the suggestion ?你认为这个建议怎么样? b.adulation 是adulate的名词形式.adulate : flatter or admire excessively过分赞赏,奉承,恭维.如: One can hardly understand why young people so adulate film stars.年轻人为什么如此过分赞赏影星,真让人费解.10.Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown , perhaps because he acts out your wildest fantasies ? a.draw : atteact 吸引.如: Some mutual interests draw us together.一些共同的兴趣把我们吸引到一块了.b.somehow : in some way not specified or known 不知什么缘故.如: Somehow I don't like this novel though it is so popular.这本小说虽然很流行,但不知什么原因我却不喜欢它.c.fantasy : imagination , esp.when it is let free and not held back(自由奔放的)想象,幻想,狂想.wildest fantasies ,最为狂妄的奇想.11.These aren't idle questions.idle : of no real worth or purpose 无聊的.如: idle rumor无聊的谎言.12.Horwitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum , a place where ideas clash and crash.a.see...as...: consider...as...把......看作......b.forum : a meeting place of discussion of matters of public interest论坛.c.a place 是a sort of debating forum的同位语,后面由 where引导的句子是定语从句,修饰 a place.'' ideas chash and crash ''意为“各种思想冲撞”.13.'' The redefinition , '' Horowitz says '' is a task uniquely performed by the young...'' '' uniquely performed by the young '' 是过去分词短语,用于修饰前面的''a task''.14.It is they alone who combine invention and exaggeration ,...a.it is..who(that)是强调句式.b.alone :(after a noun or pronoun)only(在名词或代词后面)仅,只.His name alone was enough to draw a large audience.仅仅他的名字就足以吸引一大批观众.15.'' Rock music ,'' he says '' is really a sociological expression rather than a musical force.'' rather than : instead of 而不是(肯定前者,否定后者.)比如: He is a poet rather than a novelist.与其说他是小说家,不如说他是诗人.这里介绍另一个短语or rather,意为 more exactly更为确切地说“.如: late last night , or rather early this morning昨天深夜,更为确切地说,是今天清晨.16.It's just that Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s.a.句中的it有 the reason的意思, that = be cause.b.embody : give a definite form to具体体现 如: The statue embodies the sentiment of the sculptor.这尊塑像表现了雕像家的感情.The latest model of the lorry embodies many improvements.卡车的最新式样体现了许多改进的地方.17.TV network banned him.a.network : a group of radio or television stations linked by wire or microwaves(广播,电视)广播网 b.ban : prohibit , forbid 禁止.如: Students are banned from reading dirty books.禁止学生阅读色情书刊.18.Most of the older viewers frowned , while most of the younger viewers applauded.a.frown: to wrinkle the forehead , such as when one is displeased or in deep thought皱眉.如:听到我说错了答案,他便皱起了眉头.短语frown on(upon)表示”不赞同“.如: He frowned upon my plan.他不赞同我的计划.b.applaud : to clap the hands together in approval or appreciation鼓掌喝彩;称赞.如: The audience applauded wildly.观众热烈鼓掌.c.连接词while在这里表示对照, 再如: I like books while my brother loves sports.我喜欢书,而我的兄弟则热衷于体育.19.The Rolling Stones , arrogant street-fighting men , demanded revolution.arrogant : acting as if one were more important than others傲慢的;妄自尊大的.如;He was just too arrogant to his subordinates.他对他的部下太傲慢了.20.Feelings , always a part of any musical statement , were a major subject.这里always a part of any musical statement 是feelings的同位语.21.The Beatles showed there were a range of emotions between love and hate.range : a number of different things of the same general sort or type(变动的,可供选择的)范围;幅度.如: a range of colors to choose from可以选择的一系列颜色;a range of prices from 5 yuan to 50 yuan 从5元到50元不等的各种价格.22.This country element , Horowitz feels , helped its audience express an urge to '' get away from it all , ''...urge : an instincitve drive.冲动.如: I felt an urge to further my studies in Europe.我有一种去欧洲深造的冲动.23....these rock musicians mirror feelings...mirror : reflect 反映.如: The election result reflects their opinions.选举结果反映了他们的观点.24....where it's heading ? head(for): move toward(朝某一方向)前进.如: They were heading for the deep jungle for hunting.他们去丛林深处打猎.Lesson Two Four Choices for Young People

1.Jim Binns...wrote me about some of his misgivings.misgiving:worry,concern(常用复数)(对未来之事)疑虑不安,怀疑.如: I like your scheme in principle;my only misgiving is that it may require too large a sum of money.我原则上喜欢你的计划,唯一担心的是花销可能太大.2...our generation views the adult world with great skepticism...skepticism:doubt,suspicion怀疑(态度);怀疑主义 be skeptical about:对......持怀疑太度;不相信.如: He is skeptical about everything.他对一切事物都抱怀疑态度.with a skeptical expression带着怀疑的表情。

3.Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries.contemprary adj.同时代的，当代；n.同时代的人。如： our contemporaries和我们同时代的人 同义词：peer 同等的人，同辈。如：without a peer 无匹敌的

4.The people responsible are, presumably, the adults who...a.responsible:1)(放在名词后面)应负责任的.如:I hold you responsible for the safety of her family.我就把她家的安全交给你了。2）（放在名词前面）（工作、地为等）责任重的，有责任的。如：a responsible position 要职。3)(人）可靠的，可信赖的，如：a responsible person有责任心的人。b.presumably:perhpas大概，推测起来，可能。

5.These conclusions strike me as reasonable,...strike sb.+adj.（or n.):使......感觉（是）。如： At first the idea struck me as stupid.起初,这个主意让我觉得很愚蠢.He strikes me as an houest man.他让我觉得是个诚实的人.6.The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect(we can take that for granted),but...a.relevant:有关的。如：relevant information 有关信息.若作表语,后面通常跟由介词to 引导的短语.如;The judge ruled that the evidence was not relevant to the case.法官认定证据与本案无关。b.imperfect : 不完美，由perfect（完美）加否定前缀im-构成。另如：pemissible-impermissible , possible-impossible , proper-improper , pureimpure, mobile-immobile , mortal-immortal.c.take for granted : 视......为当然。如: You should not take his help for granted.你不应该认为他的帮忙是当然的事。

7.For all is harshness and irrationality , it is the only world we've got.a.for all...尽管。如：For all his learning , he is not wise.他尽管满腹经纶，处世并不聪明。For all his efforts , he didn't succeed.他还是个正派的人。b.harsh : 残酷的；无情的；刻薄的。如：She was very harsh with her servant.她对用人非常刻薄。We have to face harsh realities.我们得面对残酷的现实。c.rational : 有理性的，通情达理的。如：Man is a rational thing.人是有理性的动物。Do you consider it a rational explanation ? 你觉得这种解释合理吗？ irrational : 不理智，ir-为否定前缀。另如：irreducible , irrregular , irreparble , irreversible.8.Choosing a strategy to cope with it , then , is...a.strategy : 战略，与之相对的是tactics(战术)b.cope with : to struggle or contend , esp.with some degree of success 应付，处理。如：They proposed several possibilities for coping with the crisis.他们提出了对付危机的几种可能方案。He is unable to cope with the duties of her new position.他不能应付新岗位的职责。9.So far as I have been able to discover , there are four basic alternatives.a.so far as : =as far as , to the extent that 就......而言，从......来看。如：His conduct , so far as I can see , is unjustifiable.就我看来，他凭一已之力将不可能完成这样巨大的项目。b.alternative : one of more than two possibilities 数种可能之一，可代替的。如：There are alternative answer to this question.这个问题有几种可能的答案。An alternative plan is to apply for a loan.另一种可能的方案就是申请贷款。

10.Drop Out drop out : to withdraw from 退出。如：He has decided to drop out of politics.他已经决定退出政坛。Seven students dropped out of university last year.去年有七个学生从大学里退了学。

11.This is one of the oldest expedient ,...=expedient : a temporary means to an end 权宜之计 如：resort to an expedient 采取权宜之计

12.In one way or another , its practitioners batten on the society which...a.(in)one way or another : 以这样或那样的方式；在某方面。如：The project must be completed by the end of this month(in)one way or another.不管用什么方式，这个项目必须在这个月底结束。b.batten on : thrive , or prosper , or live in luxury(on)(esp.at the expoense of others)(靠他人牺牲而）兴旺，过奢侈的生活，（损人）肥饱私囊

13.Some of us find this distasteful-an undignified kind of life.distasteful : disagreeable;unpleasant 讨厌的，令人不愉快的。如：Jazz is distasteful to me.我讨厌爵士乐。（爵士乐不合我的口味）

14.But for the poor in spirit , with low levels of both energy and pride , it may be the least intolerable choice available.avaible : ready for use;readily obtainable a.（立即）可利用的；可得到的。如：employ all means available 采用一切可能的方法。The dress is available in all sizes.这种款式的服装大小尺寸都有。b.（人）有空的。如：I'll be available tomorrow morning.我明天早上有空。

15.This strategy has ancient antecedents.antecedent : preceding thing or circumstance , esp.(pl.)past history of a person 前事，前情；（复数）身世，经历，人的过去历史。如;a woman of shady antecedent 一个来历可疑的女人

16....that is , the city , with all its ugliness and tension.tension : mental strain 紧张。如：under extreme tension 处于极度紧张/（复数-s）紧张（状态）。如：the tension between labor and mangement 劳资间关系的紧张

17.The trouble with the solution is that it no longer is on a large scale.on a large scale : 大规模。另如：on a tremendous scale 极大的规模。The project was undertaken on a grand scale.这个项目规模很大。The reform is carried out on an enormous scale.改革的幅度极大。

18.Out planet , unfortunately , is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes.run out of : become short of , become exhausted 用完。如;We ran out of petrol the other day.那一天我们汽油用光了。We are running out of time.我们已经没有时间了。

19.Plot a Revolution plot : plan secretly 密谋。如：They plotted how to kill him.他们密谋如何杀死他。The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.犯罪密谋抢银行。

20....those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process and who believe that the institytion can only be changed by force.a.tedious : long and tiresome 冗长乏味的。如：a tedious lecture 冗长的演讲；tedious work 乏味的工作 b.working(s): action , operation 工作，运作。如：the workings of the mind , the workings of the nature 自然的运作

21.To them it offers a romantic appeal , usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure.a.a romantic appeal : appeal n.: the power to attract the mind or emotions 吸引力。如：Such life has no appeal for me.这种生活对我没有吸引力。That sort of music has lost its appeal for me.这种音乐已经失去了对我的吸引力。v.appeal to : 吸引。如：Does the menu appeal to me? 菜单吸引我了吗？ The novel appeals to women.这本小说吸引女性读者。b.dashing : vigorously lovely;brilliant or showy 精力充沛的；华丽的 c.charismatic 名词形式为charisma（使大众信服的）领袖魅力

22.Let's smash it and build something better on the ruins.on the ruins : the remains of destroyed or decaying or town 废墟，遗迹，残骸。如：the ruins of a castle 一座城堡的废墟

23.These are the ones whose revolution did not come off ,...come off : happen , occur 发生。如：The invasion came off last week.入侵是上星期发生的。To be effective or successful 生效，成功。如：She didn't come off well in the interview.她的面试不很成功。

24.I am not , of course , suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing.accomplish : bring to a successful conclusion;achievement 完成。如：accomplish something / a great deal / miracles 实现某种目标/取得很大成就/实现奇迹 accomplish : skilled , expert 熟练的，内行的。如：an accomplish golf player 技术精湛的高尔夫运动员 accomplishment(s)修养，才艺。如： a woman of many accomplishment 多才多艺的女人

25.For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of , cleansed of all human meanness.cleanse : make clean 清洗。如：She cleansed the wound with alcohol.她用酒精清洗伤口。cleanse sin from the soul = cleanse the soul of sin 清洗灵魂的罪恶

26.At first glance , this course is far from inviting.inviting : temptingly attractive 诱人的。如：an inviting smile 迷人的微笑/an inviting dish 诱人的菜肴

27.It depends on the exasperting and uncertain instruments of persuasion...exasperate : annoy extremely 令人怒不可遏 如：Constant interruptions exasperate me.不断的中断让我怒火中烧。

28.It demands patience , always in short supply.(be)in short supply : 供应不足，短缺。如：Food is in short supply.食物供应不足。Honesty is in short supply.缺乏诚实（的人）。

29....as soon as you capture one mountain range , another one looms just ahead.loom : come into view in indistint and enlarged form 忽隐忽现。如：The iceberg loomed out of the mist.冰山在迷雾中忽隐忽现。Dangers are looming ahead.危险阴森森地逼近。

30....of coping with war in unfamiliar guises.guise : a false or assumed appearance or disguise 外貌，伪装。如：an old idea in a new guise 老观念新面貌（新瓶装旧酒）in the guise of 打扮成......的样子。如：the king in the guise of a beggar 装扮成乞丐的国王 under the guise of 以......为借口。如：under the guise of friendship 以友谊为幌子 31.It dawned on us rather suddenly that...dawn on : begin to be known, or realized 常用先行词it , 表示”明白过来“。如：It has slowly dawned upon me that he will not lend a helping hand to us when we are in trouble.我慢慢明白，当我们碰到麻烦的时候，他是不会伸出援手的。

Lesson Three

1.startle: to disturb suddenly as surprise 惊吓.如: starling news/s startling discovery(disturbing,frightening)令人震惊的新闻/发现 He startled us when he slammmed the door so loudly.他砰的一声把门关上,让我们大吃一惊.The noise startled me out of my sleep.喧哗之声把我从梦中惊醒.2.a.motion : to make a motion or gesture, as with the hand(用手等)作示意.如: He motioned me to sit down.他向我作了个手势,让我坐下.b.look over : examine , esp.briefly 检查.如: I will look over your paper soon.我会很快看一下你的论文.We looked over several new models before deciding.我们看过了几种新的模型之后才做了决定.He asked my age, height, weihgt and marriage status, and then looked me over.他询问了我的年 龄，身高，体重和婚姻状况，然后打量了一番。

3.eye sb.up and down 上下仔细打量。如： They eyed the stanger up and down.他们对那陌生人仔细上下打量了一番。4.be up to sb.to do sth.: be one's responsbility to do sth.由......负责做......。如： It's up to you to break the news to him.应该由你向他透露这条消息。It's up to them to make the change.应该由他们作这个变化。

5.in profusion : a great amount quantity(of something)充足。如;a great profusion of colors = colors in rich profusion 五颜六色 profuse : adj.generous , lavish 丰富。如： The critics were profuse in their praise of the new novel.批评家慷慨地赞扬了那部小说。He was profuse in his thanks for the help.他盛情感激他的帮助。Be profuse with one's money 花钱大手大脚。

6.a sore throat:喉咙痛，sore;physically painful or sensitive, such as a wound or diseased part 疼痛 如： I'm sore all over from the heavy work I did yesterday.昨天干了一天重活，全身上下都痛了。

7.in my best professional manner : 以我最好的职业方式;manner : a way of doing things 做事情的方式。manner : courtesy 礼貌。如： good manner 有礼貌。It's bad manner to spaek with your mouth full.嘴巴里满满的对人说话是不礼貌的。

8.coax : attempt to influence by gentle persuasion 哄骗。如： He tried to coax the secret from me.他试图哄骗我说出秘方。

9.on the chance : counting on the slight possibility 怀着希望，也许可能。on the off chance :抱着微弱的希望.如;She applied on the off chance.她抱着微弱的希望作了申请.He offered the information on the chance that it might prove useful.他提供了信息,指望能有所帮 助.10.admonish : to warn or caution gently , to report mildly 训诫.如;admonish sb.against sth.劝戒......提防......: The teacher admonshed us against being late.(= us not to be late.)老师训教我们不要迟到.He admonished him of the need for sincerity.他警告我为人必须真诚.11.a.savage: mercilessly cruel, uncivillzeed, wild 野蛮的.如: a savage attack on 野蛮攻击;a savage lion 野蛮的狮子 : savage manners 野蛮的态度 savage scenery 残酷的场面.12.a.ensue : follow as a consequence 跟随,紧跟.如: After the heavy rains , floods ensued.大雨之后紧跟着发了洪水.during the ensuing months / in the enusing year 随后的几个月/年;the war and the ensuing disorder 战争以及随后紧跟着的混乱.b.abject : humiliating and wretched;contemptible and despicable 可怜,可鄙的.如: an abject apology 低声下气的道歉.a.crushed : subdued 压服.13.a.agony : extreme and prolonged suffering 极大的痛苦.如: in agony 处于痛苦之中;pile up the agony 苦上加苦;in an agony of joy 悲喜交加.b.apprehension;uneasiness and fear 恐惧,担心.如: feel(show)apprehensions for the safety(failure)对安全(失败)感到(显得)很担心.14.let go of 松开,放开.如: He let go of the rope.他放开了绳子.15.clench : close tightly 紧紧抓住.如: He clenched the cigar in his teeth.他用牙齿紧紧夹住香烟.He clenched his fists in frustrations.他沮丧地紧握拳头.with clenched teeth 咬紧牙关.16.a.desist : to cease , such as from some action 停止.如;The company was forced to desist from false advertising.公司被迫停止虚假广告.They desisted from evil ways.他们停止为非作歹.b.” should + 不定式完成体“ 在这里所表示的是一种非真实情况,表达了作者一种遗憾的感情色 彩.在如: I should have come earlier.我本该早点来.He should have taken my advice.他本应接受我的建议.17.a.neglect=negligence 疏忽 neglect : pay no attention or too little attention to 不(够)重视,注意.如;You shouldn't neglect your health.你不应该忽视自己的健康.Benign neglect 善意的疏忽;total neglect 完全疏忽;parental neglect 养子不教.b.case : the actual state of things 情况.如;If that's the case , you'd better give it up.如果情况确实如此, 你最好放弃.18.go at assault;begin or proceed vigorously 攻击,开始,进发.如;The tow cocks are going at each other.两个公鸡互相争斗.The students tend to go at their studies before the examination.学生一般会在考试前才开始学习.19.beyond reason 没有理由.beyond : outside the limits of...超出......范围.如: beyond human power 超出人力所能为;beyond human endurance 让人无法忍受;beyond description 难以形容.20.overpower : 1)overcome(someone or something)by superior force 压倒,制服 2)affect or impress deeply or powerfully 使......无法忍受.be overpowered by heat(grief)炎热(悲痛)难忍.Lesson Four

1.dodge : avoid , evade or elude 逃避.如;He was accused of dodging his taxes.他被指控逃税.You shouldn't dodge your responsibilities.你不能回避责认.move aside suddenly突然闪开.如: I dodged out of the way when he threw a chair at me.他将椅子向我扔来的时候,我急忙闪开.2.condemn: express an unfavorable judgement or opinion of 谴责.如: We condemned empty talk instead of hard work.我们谴责只说空话不务实的行为.3.to come to light : to be discovered or revealed 暴露.如;On investigation some new facts came to light.一经调查,一些新的事实就被暴露了.It has now come to light that he was financially backed by some interest group.人们刚刚得知,他受到了某个利益集团的经济支持.4.languish : 1)become feeble;droop;lose liveliness or the will to do things凋萎,有气无力.如;languish from the heat /in prison/ in his dull job 由于天气炎热/坐牢/工作乏味而萎靡不振.2)suffer from a feeling of longing 苦思.如;languish for some kind words/her love 苦苦期盼一些安慰的话语/她的爱.5.moral : the moral teaching or practical lesson continued in a fable , tale , experience,etc.寓意.如;There is a moral to the story.这个故事有个寓意.6.bizarre : unusual in appearance, style , or characters 外貌,风格或性格怪异.如;a bizarre coincidence一次奇怪的巧合;his bizrre behavior 他怪异的行为.7.at her own request 根据她本人的要求.另如: He wrote this book at the request of his...他根据......的要求写了那本书.8.vote on : 就......进行表决.如: Let's vote on this issue , since we can't agree.既然我们不能达成一致意见,就来投票表决吧.9.inprivate : not publicly , secretly 私下.如: Such a thing is best discussed in private.这种事情最好私下讨论.He can be very rube in private, though he is usually polite in public.他私下可能很粗鲁,但在大众 面前通常彬彬有礼.10.taboo adj.忌讳的,禁止的.如: This topic is taboo on the campus.校园里忌讳讨论这个话题.11.A.prolong : cause sth.to continue longer 延长.如: I have to prolong my stay here for another three days.我必须继续在这里呆三天时间.You should not have prolonged the ceremony.你本不该延长仪式的时间.B.throes : agony 痛苦.如;in death throes 处于临终痛苦.12.hold out : continue to last 坚持,挺住.如: Can you hold out much longer ? 你能再坚持一段时间吗? 13.administer to apple as a remedy 施用.如: administer laws 执行法律.The doctor administered some me medicine to the girl.医生给女孩施用了一些药.14.comply with : act in accordance with wishes , requirements or conditions 遵守(意愿,要求或条 件等).如;You ought to comply with the rules /the demands/ the law/ the requests.你应该遵守规章/命令/法律/要求.15.pose danger 造成危险.pose : cause sth.to exist 导致产生.另如: pose problems 引起问题.16.by contrast 相比之下.By contrast , his brother is quite easygoing.相比之下,他的兄弟比较好相处.17.usher in : herald 预报,宣告.如;usher in a new age of prosperity 宣告新的繁荣时期的到来.The rising sun ushered in a new day.太阳的升起宣告新的一天开始了.The cuckoo ushered in Spring.布谷鸟宣布春天到来.Lesson Five

1.I'd rather...than : prefer...to....如: I'd rather deal with a simple man than a sophisticated man.我宁愿与纯朴的人打交道,不愿与世故的人交往.I had rather never have been born than see this day of humiliation.我宁愿自己未曾出生,也不愿遭受今天的耻辱.I would(had)rather...但愿(+that 从句中用过去式).如: I would rather he didn't tell her about it.我真希望他不告诉她这件事.I had rather you did it alone.但愿你一人做.2.handicap : 1)any disadvantage that makes success more difficult.不利的因素.如: Bad health is a handicap.身体不好是不利因素.His lack of English is a great handicap to him.他不懂英语对他是一大缺陷.2)a physical or mental disability 残疾.如: Blindness is a great handicap.眼瞎是一大残疾.3.at once at the same time;simultaneously 同时.如: It's hard for one to do two things at once.人很难同时做两件事.4.eliminate : get rid of;remove 消除.如: to eliminate poverty 根除贫穷;eliminate the prejudice 消除偏见.5.brainwash 洗脑.如: Don't let television commercials brainwash you into buying anything you actually don't need.别让电视广告引诱你购买自己实际不需要的东西.6.invariably : always 常常,总是.如: It's invariably wet when they take their holidays.他们度假时总是下雨.His intuition is invariably correct.他的直觉总是对的.7.campaign : a connect set of actions to obtain a particular result in politics or business(社会,政治,选举)运动;游说,宣传活动.如: an election campaign 选举活动;an advertising campaign 广告宣传;a compaign to combat crime 防止犯罪运动.8.stereotype : a conventional , oversimplified conception 陈腔滥调;陈规,老套,固定的现象.如: He fits the stereotype of a 'scholar'.他是典型的''学者''.The idea is an old-fashioned stereotype.这观点是老一套了.9.predominate : be superior in numbers , etc.占多数的.如: Greens predominated in the picture.绿色植物是画中最醒目的.presominate over 胜过.10.mold: work into a requied shape or from 塑造.如: Statues are molded out of bronze.雕像是用青铜铸成的.He molded his style on the best writers.他以第一流作者为榜样塑造了自己的文体.Lesson Six

1.keep in touch with : contact 保持联系.如;Let's keep in touch.让我们保持联系吧.Keep in close touch with me.与我保持密切联系.2.(be)in for : certain to undergo 不能避免.如: The naughty boy is in for a beating.淘气的男孩免不了要挨打.We are in for a rainy season.我们不可避免要遭遇雨季.It looks as if we're in for stormy weather.看那样子,似乎我们一定会遇到暴风雨.3.reference : a mention , allusion 提及.如: The court made numerous references to him as a witness.法院经常传他去做证人.4.in good spirits : 情绪很好.spirits : [plural] mood with regard to great happiness or great sadness 情绪.如: I hope you will be in better spirits when we meet again.我希望我们下次见面时你情绪会好些.He is so depressed that I wonder who could lift his spirits.他非常沮丧,我不知他能否振作起来.5.embitter: make bitter and angry 使......怨恨.如;being scolded without good reasons embittered him.让人无端指责,他感到一腔怨气.en-, em(在b,p前)加在名词或形容词上转成动词.另如: enable(使能够);enamor 引起......的爱;encase 将......装入箱中;enchant 施以魔法,使着迷.embody 具体体现;empower 授权;emotionally 使成紫色.6.agitate : to disturb or excite emotionally 使不安,使兴奋.如: His fiery speech agitated the crowd.他的激情演讲让听众大为兴奋.He was explaining the situation in an agitated manner.他兴奋地说明着当时的情形.agitate oneself over...为......独自焦虑.如: Don't agitate yourself over such a thing.不要为这种事焦虑.7.know of his whereabouts 知道他的下落.a)know of : have heard about 听说过,知道(有......).如: Do you know of any cinema in this neighborhood ? 你知道这小区里有电影院吗? I know of a shop where you can get things like this.我知道有一家商店,你可以买到这样的东西.I don't know him , but I know of him.我不认识他,但知道有这个人.b)whereabouts : the place where a person or thing is 下落,去向.如: I'm still in the dark about his whereabouts.我仍然不知道他的下落.8.inch : move by small degrees 缓慢行进.如: The children inched through the traffic.孩子们在拥挤的交通中缓慢前进.I inched my way through the narrow space beeen the trucks.9.tentative : a)of the nature of an experiment 试验性的;b)unsure , not definite , hesitant 犹豫.a tentative arrangrment 临时安排/a tentative offer 试验性建议 10.scoff at : mock at;jeer at : 嘲笑,嘲弄.如: You should not scoff at others' belief.你不能嘲笑别人的信仰.11.end up : reach a final state or condition 最后(有了某种结局),最后.如: If you drive so rashly , you will end up in hospital.如果你这么鲁莽开车,最终会住进医院的.He ended up tired and broke.他最后累垮了,破产了.12.associate with : keep company with 与......陪伴.如: He didn't allow his daughter to associate with anyone who smoked or drank.他不让他女儿与任何抽烟或喝酒的人为伍.Whitman always assoisated with the working masses.惠特曼总是和工人阶级在一起.Lesson Eight A Lesson in Living

1.inedible : not fit to be eaten 不可食的，不宜食用的

2.swirl :(cause to)move or flow at varying speeds , with twise and turns 涡旋而动，使打旋。如：A gust of wind swirled dust about the streets.阵风吹起灰尘弥漫大街。The snow was swirling in the air.雪花在空中盘旋。

3....that would have peeled like a plum if snagged.peel: came off in stips or flakes 剥落，脱皮。如：The wall-paper seems to be peeling off.墙纸看来要剥落了。

4.let alone : without reference to , or considering 更不必说。如;He doesn't have money for food , let alone amusements.他连吃饭的钱都没有，更甭说娱乐了。

5.incessant : continual , often repeated : 不断的，不停的。如：incessant chatter 喋喋不休；incessant rain 连绵不断的雨。

6.It would be safe to say that...可以这么说......。如;It would be safe to say that you would get nowhere if you are so lazy.可以这么说，如果你这样懒惰，你将一事无成。

7.pick her way : 慎行。另如：pick one's words 精选词语；pick flaws 找碴；pick and steal 小偷小摸；pick and choose 挑三拣四。

8.bear in mind : remember 记住。如：Please bear in mind that we are friends.请记住，我们是朋友。9.infuse them with infuse : fill 灌输。如：The coach infused the team with enthusiasm.教练给队员注入了热情。They tried to infuse them with new ideas.他试图给他们灌输新思路。10.My imagination boggled at the punishment I would deserve...a.boggle : to overwhelm or bewilder , as with magnitude or complexity 吃惊，受惊，心惊肉跳 b.deserve : be worthy of...值得

11.it follows that...（由......推断）结果自然是......。如：From what he said , it follows that he didn't like the girl.从他所说的推断，自然是他不喜欢那女孩。

12.That in those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations.a.根据上文* ”that" 可以理解为in that（即;因为）b.that 后面是倒装句，正常语序应为：The collective...was couched in those homely sayings.c.homely : simple , unpretentious;commonly known , familiar 朴素的，不华丽的。如：a homely meal 家常便饭。d.couch : put(a thought , etc , in words)以某种措词表达。如：They couched criticisms in factful language.他们用事实的语言表达了批评。

13.search...for the enchantment...: look through a place carefully in order to find something missing;explore or examine in order to discover 仔细寻找。一般结构为：search + place +(for)object.如：He search every drawer for the notebook.为了找笔记本，他搜遍了每个抽屉。I search my memory for his name.我努力在记忆中寻找他的名字。

14.singled...out : pick or choose(one)from others 单单挑出。如：He singled me out for special mention.他单单特别提到了我。Why single him out for criticism ? 为什么就单单批评他？

15.take to : to respond favorably to 开始喜欢，迷上。如：I took to literature long time ago.我很久以前就迷上文学。Why did you take to bowling ? 你为什么迷上保龄球?

16.trail off : become gradually weaker and fade away（声音等）渐渐消失。如：His voice trailed off into silence.他的声音慢慢消失，后来什么声音也没有了。

Lesson Nine The Trouble with Television

1.A.prominent anchorman warns of TV's adverse effect on America's culture.a.prominent : outstanding , easily seen , important , distinguished 突出的，显著的，重要的，杰出的。如：a prominent position / writer显赫的地位、著名作家。acquire / gain prominence 出人头地。b.anchorman :（广播，电视）（新闻、体育等节目的）主持人。c.adverse : unfavorable , contrary 不利的，负面的。如：adverse circumstances逆境； adverse effect负面影响； a theory adverse to the facts与事实相反的理论。developments adverse to our interests与我们的利益相反的发展。adversary :（竞争中的）对手。2.if you fit the statistical averages ,......假若你处于平均数......如;on an(the)average平均起来，一般来说： On(an)the average , I finish reading a book three weeks.一般而言，我平均三星期读完一本书。He smoked about ten cigarettas a day on an average.他平均一天抽十根香烟。

3.(be)exposed to : lay open to 使暴露于......如：Don't expose children to ill effects of the Internet.不要让孩子受因特网的负面影响。Her youth and beauty could expose her to danger.她的年轻美貌可能为她招致危险。如;exposure : n.He threatened me with public exposure.他威胁我要把我曝光。Much exposure to different cultures is part and parcel of education.大量接触不同文化是教育的主要组成部分。4....it discourages concentration.discourage(prevent)sb.from...使......放弃 如;The bad weather discouraged them from going out for the picnic.恶劣的天气使他们放弃外出野炊的计划。It is discouraging that...很扫兴，......。dis 加在名词、形容词、动词上，表示否定。如;ablewitted 愚钝的 b.miraculous 奇迹般地，不可思议的。另如：work(accomplish)a miracle创造一个奇迹。

8.divert : turn in another direction使转向； amuse , entertain娱乐，消遣。如：Nothing could divert his attention from his book.没有什么能转移他读书的注意力。The traffic was diverted onto a side road.交通被引导到旁边的小路。

9.lead : action of guiding or giving an example 领引,率先.如:take the lead领先;follow sb's lead效法某人;gain the lead占居首位.10.perpetual : never-ending永久的.如;perpetual chatter喋喋不休;perpetual motion 永恒运动.11.usurp : to seize and hold by force or without legal right 篡夺,霸占,强夺篡权.如:The assistant began to usurp his boss's authority.助手开始篡夺老板的权力.The duke attempted to usurp the throne.公爵试图篡夺王位.12.surrender(oneself)to : to give(oneself)up to some influence , course , etc.沉溺于;沉迷于.如:He surrendered to despair(grief).他沉溺于绝望(悲伤).He surrendered himself to a life of pleasure.他沉迷于享乐.13.the surest way to do sth.is...做某事的最可靠的方法是......如:The surest way to succeed is to work hard.取得成功最可靠的方法是努力工作.14.to strain the attention of strain : make excessive demands upon使劲用,因过度使用而伤害.如:strain oneself竭尽全力,劳累过度.He strained his voice to be heard above the noise周围太吵,他强拉嗓子大喊,人们才听得见他.He strained every muscle to life the box.他用尽所有力气举起箱子.15.inherent in : existing as a permanent part or quality that cannot be taken out固有的,与生具有的.如:A love of peace is inherent in human nature.热爱和平是人固有的本性.16....had bequeathed to us tables of stone commanding that...a.bequeath : hand down , pass on传给后代;to dispose of property or money by means of will立遗嘱赠与......如:I bequeath all my worldly goods to my wife.我将我所有的财产赠与我的妻子.One age bequeaths its civilization to the next.一个时代将其文明留给下一个时代.b.tablets of stone 石碑.17.package : vt.to combine or offer as a single unit 把作为整体提出或推销.adj.一揽子.如:a package tour由旅行社代办一切的旅行;package deal 整批交易.18.pervade : become spread throughout all parts of弥漫 如:The smell of coffee pervaded the air.咖啡的气味弥漫在空中.Practical ideas pervaded the whole land.整个国家弥漫着实际的思想.19.it tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissable...a.ultimate : furthest or farthest最远的.如: an ultimate destination最终目的地.decisive , conclusive决定性的.如: the ultimate authority最终权威.final , total总数.如: the ultimate cost 最终成本.b.dismiss : put aside from consideration 驱除.如:He dismissed the idea for it was just too impractical.他排除了这个观点,因为那太不合实际了.20.a substitute for...: a person or thing serving in place of another 替代.如:Guess work is no substitute for investigation.猜测不能代替调查.A substitute was sent in when one of the star players was injured.一位主角受伤了,就派来了一位替身.substitute for :代替.如:Who will substitute for you if you are ill ? 如果你病了,谁替你?

21.(come)fall short of : to fail to reach a standard , level , etc.没达到,赶不上.如:His income may fall short of his needs.他的收入达不到他的需求.The result fell short of our expectations.结果大失我们所望.22.wholesale : in large amounts or on a large scale 大量地,不分青红皂白地.如:The company fired people wholesale last year.公司去年大规模裁员.wholesale批发-retail零售.Lesson Ten The Tenth Man

1.making his first entry...第一次进入.另如:make a triumpohant entry 凯旋进入;have free entry 可以自由进入.2.abrupt : subben or unexpected 突然.如:an abrupt departure 突然离开.3.sullen : showing irritation or anger by a gloomy silence 愠怒的.4.indifferent : without interest or concern 漠不关心,不在乎.如: He seems indifferent to worldly success.他似乎不在乎名利.5.draw or cast lots : to settle a question by the use of lots 抽签.6.be bound to do sth.bound : certain , sure 肯定.如:We are bound to secceed.我们肯定会成功.7.refasten : re + fasten fasten : to attach firmly or securely in place or to something else 系牢,牢牢固定,绑住.如:Please fasten your seat belt.请系牢你的安全带.fasten a boat to the quay 把船系于码头.8.may as well : used to express an opinion about a reason for doing or not doing the action of the given verb 还是做......的好;不妨.......如: If that's the case , you may as well have a try.如果情况果真如此,你不妨试试看.Now that you're here , you may as well make yourself useful.既然你在这里,你还是可以派上用场的.9.mock : fun of 嘲笑.如:His writings mocked the follies of the age.他的著作嘲笑了那个时代的愚蠢.The naught boy mocked his queer accent.淘汰的男孩嘲笑他奇怪的口音.His irresponsibilty mocked my trust in him.他的不负责任嘲弄了我对他的信任.10.nag at : be a constant source of unease or irritation to 使苦恼不己.如:The debt nagged at his conscience.债务让他的良心痛苦不己.11.narrow : limit , or restrict 限制.如:The detectives narrowed the search to just three suspects.侦探将调查对象限制到三个嫌犯.decrease 缩小.如:The gap between the rich and the poor should be narrowed.贫富的差距应该缩小.12.consent : to permit , approve , or agree 同意,批准.如:My father didn't consent to our agreement at first.我父亲最初不同意我们结婚.We consented to a temporany agreement.我们达成临时协议.by common consent 经一致同意.13.implore : beg urgently;beseech 恳求.如: I implored your forgiveness.我恳求你宽恕我.She implored him for mercy.她恳求他宽容她.We implored him to stay on.我们恳求他再呆下去.14.sum up : 总结.如: We summed up merits and demerits of the scheme.我们总结了这个计划的优缺点.Could you sum up the main points of the lesson ? 你能否总结本课的要点?

Lesson Twelve Why I Write

1.outrage : v.offend greatly 触犯，违反。如：outrage common sense 违反常识。

2.sooner or later: 迟早。如：Sooner or later, you will get yourselves deeply involved in trouble.你迟早会让自己陷入麻烦之中。He would, sooner or later, realize the importance of… 他迟早会意识到……的重要性。

3.somewhat : in some measure or degree;to some extent.往往后跟形容词。如：The result was somewhat surprising.结果有些让人感到吃惊。He looked somewhat annoyed.他显得有些不高兴。4.facility : ability to perform something easily 灵巧，便利，熟练。如: He translated sth with great facility.他翻译时驾轻就熟。He showed facility in painting.他在画画方面显得很熟练。

5.narcissism :自恋，（精神分析）自我陶醉症。Narcissus（希腊神话）（爱上自己映在水中姿影的美少年，溺死后化为水仙花。）

6.filter through : pass or slip through slowly 渗出，（光等）漏出透至。如：The new ideas are filtering into the children's minds.孩子们脑中出现了新的思想。Sunlight filtered through the window.夕阳从窗户透进房间。Foreign influence began to filter into the country.外国的影响开始渗透进我国。

7.meticulous :taking or showing extreme care about small details.过分仔细的。如:She is meticulous in her dress.她对衣服极其在意。He is very meticulous in checking his accounts.他在查帐方面非常仔细。Our meticulous secretary never forgets anything.我们仔细的秘书从不会忘记什么。

8.arresting: attracting attention;striking.迷人的。如:a person of arresting good looks 有迷人的面貌的人。An arresting sight 一个引人注目的景象。

9.assess: evaluate 评估。如;assess the importance of …/the value of …评估……的重要性/价值;assess the situation 审时度势。assessment n.10.discipline: train and control the mind 控制。如：You should learn to discipline yourself more.你应该学会更好地控制自己。

11.vary from…to…随着……而变化。如：Prices of vegetables vary from season to season.蔬菜价格随季节变化而变化。Opinions vary from individual to individual.仁者见仁，智者见智。12.strive after, for / against : to struggle hard to get or conquer 为……奋斗。如：strive for freedom / excellence 追求自由/卓越。

13.outweigh : to be more important than 比…..更重要，胜过。如：My love for my parents outweighs everything else.我对父母的爱重于一切。Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 有利因素大于不利因素吗？

14.guise : general outside appearance 外观。如: an old idea in a new guise 新瓶装旧酒。in the guise of …… 打扮。如: a thief in the guise of a salesman 打扮成推销员的小偷。

15.reconcile my ingrained likes and dislikes with… a.reconcile : accept or be resigned to something not desired.使和解，调解;使能安于，将就接受。如: He had to reconcile himself to his fate.他必须接受自己的命运。reconcile work and rest 劳逸结合。He could not reconcile himself to such a low position.他不能安于这样低的地位。reconcile one's ideal with reality 使理想与实际一致。b.ingrained 根深蒂固的。如: ingrained morality 根深蒂固的德行。

Lesson Thirteen Work

1.exceedingly irksome a.exceeding :extraordinary or exceptional exceedingly :extremely 极其。b.irksome irk : to annoy , esp.in a provoking or tedious way 令人讨厌。如: It irks ane to do such tedious work.做这样无聊的工作让我相一致感到厌烦。irksome;tending to irk 令人厌倦的，厌烦的。－some.加在名词、动词或形容词上构成形容词。另如: lonesome 孤独的，冷落的;guarrelsome 受吵架的;troublesome 麻烦的;wearisome 使人疲劳的，令人厌烦的。

2.an excess of work… excess : more than or above what is necessary 超过部分，过多。如: You should pay for the excess.你应该支付超过部分。Excess of sorrow laughs , excess of joy weeps.悲极而笑，喜极而泣。an excess of anger / an excess of enthasiasm 极其愤怒/热情。carry something to excess 把事情做得过火。in excess of 超过。如: He spent in excess of his income.他过度奢侈，入不敷出。

3.provided(that):conj.if and only if;on condition that.如果，只要。如: Provided(that)there is no opposition, we shall proceed to carry out the plan.如果没有反对，我们就开始执行计划。Provided you pay him he will take the work.如果你给他钱，他会干那活。

4.mere relief of tedium relief: feeling of comfort at the ending of anxiety, fear or pain 放松。如:What a relief!心里多么放松啊！relief of pain /anxiety 缓解痛楚/紧张。5.at a loss: bewildered or uncertain 不知所措。如: For a moment I was at a loss.有一阵子我不知所措。He was at a loss for an explanation of the affair.他不知道该如何解释那件事。We are at a loss to understand his motive.我们对于他的动机一点也不能理解。

6.drudgery :苦工 drudge :a person who does menial, dull or hard work.勤苦地做单调乏味的苦工的人。7.sensation(s): widespread excitement or interest.轰动。

8.first and foremost: 首先，最主要的。如:Though he has written many books, he's first and foremost a poet.尽管他写过几本书，他首先是个诗人。First and foremost , we must have freedom.最重要的是同我们必须有自由。

9.impair : to make worse;damage 损害。如:His reputation was impaired by his mistakes.他的声誉受到他的错误的损害。His excessive work impaired his health.他过度的工作损害了他的健康。

10.procure :obtain sth.by careful attention or effort 获得。如: He procured me employment.他为我谋得一份工作。

11.at large(放在名词后面):as a whole 整个的，一般的。如: Boys at large like sports.男孩一般喜爱运动。the public at large 社会大众。

12.in the long run : in the end.从长远来说，最后。如: lu the long run , you have to pay the price for your follies.你最终要为你的愚蠢付出代价。You will benefit in the long run.你最终会受益。

13.has acquired his maximum skill maximum :(being)the highest amount, value, or degree that can be reached 最大限度。如: My maximum is 240.我最高记录是240分。He smokes a maximum of 30 cigarettes a day.他最多一天抽30根香烟。My salary is not at its maximum yet.我的工资还未到最高水平。It requires your maximum effort.这件事要求你做出最大努力。maximize :最大化。如: maximize one's potential / profits 最大限度发挥潜力/获得利益。反义词: minimum 最少。如：It requires a minimum of five day's work.这最少需要五天工作。a minimum of temperature / wage / height 最低气温/工资/身高。minimize the consequences / the risks./ the formalities 将后果/风险/手续减到最少。14.at any rate :in any event;in any case 不管怎样。如：I will leave him alone at any rate.无论如何，我不会理他。15.apt :likely , having a tendency 常会，容易（有某种倾向）。如：A careless person is apt to make mistakes.粗心的人容易犯错误。

Lesson Fourteen I would Like to Tell You Something

1.testify to : give or provide evidence about something 证明。I'll testify to his exceptional ability.How can you testify to the reliability of the wit ness? vt.His words testify his reluctance to help me.His tears testificd his grief.vi.state or declare under oath, usually in court 作证。n.testimony : bear(be)testimony of 表明。Winning the scholarship is testimony of intelligence.2.be tantamount to: adj.equivalent in effect or meaning（实质上）等于，相当于。如：His answer is tantamount to a refusal.3.rampant : growing or spreading steadily and without stopping;widespread;a rampant rumor(disease)4.take…lying down 甘心接受（不愉快情况）。如: He took the defeat lying down.I cannot take that insult lying down.5.not give a damn : 一点不在乎。I dow't give a damn what they say.我一点也不在乎他们说什么。6.what if…假使……又怎样？What will happen if… What if he fails to help us? What if they should be in love?

7.in terms of : with regard to, concerning 就…….来说，从……角度。如：In terms of salary , the job is guite good.In terms of natural resources, it is one of the richest countries in the world.8.want n.:lack , absence, or need;often in the phr.for/from want of 由于缺乏。如：The plants died for/from want of water.9.spuander : spend foolishly;use up waste fully.Lesson Fifteen The Beauty Inaustry

1.substantially : to a large degree 大体上，基本上。如：Their opinions are substantially the same.His criticism is substantially correct.2.prodigious : a.extraordinary in size, amount, etc.巨大的，莫大的。prodigal a.浪费的，挥霍的，放荡的。

3.cult of beauty 对美的崇拜

the cult of surfing 冲浪狂

the personality cult 个人崇拜 4.retrench : to reduce or diminish, esp.so as to economize 减少，节省。如：The company began to retrench its work force.5.be preoccupied with : 专注于，有心事，如：When he is preoccupied with his hobby, he is oblivious of what is going on around him.They were preoccupied with their thoughts.6.intrinsically-----inftrinsic : belonging to or being part of a thing by its value 本来具有的，固有的。如：intrinsic value 内在价值

intrinsic energy 内能。

第五篇：快乐英语--英语专业大学生主题进社区策划

快乐英语，有你有我大学生进社区主题活动策划书

活动目的:

1、丰富**小区幼儿园小朋友的第二课堂，激发他们的学习兴趣，从而培养他们勇于发现问题，善于思考问题的能力；

2、为应用英语学院的学生提供社会实践的机会，履行用知识文

化回报社会的义务，体现助人为乐的快乐，不断完善自我；

3、我们将本着“关爱孩子，共同成长”的宗旨，通过跟孩子们的互动交流，为他们点燃学习英语的热情。

活动对象：**小区**幼儿园

活动时间：

活动流程：

趣味记单词：

活动一：a准备若干种颜色的卡片，拿着已经画好的卡片进入教室，三人一组，用英文做简单的自我介绍

b找小朋友回答问题，说出卡片的颜色，由志愿者教

他们相对应的英文单词，以此类推

c让小朋友自愿起来回答卡片上面的中文与英文单词，若回

答正确就把卡片送给他们，以示奖励

活动二：准备多张图片，由志愿者带领小朋友们一同出去玩。

走到图片A处：

志愿者：oh，what is it？

小朋友：panda, dog, fox.....志愿者：为什么它们都到这里来了，我们应该把它们送到哪里呢？ 小朋友：动物园

志愿者：yes, zoo

来到图片B处：

志愿者：what’ s this?

小朋友：pig, dog, sheep.....志愿者：我们应该把它们送到哪里去呢？

小朋友：farm

志愿者：yes,farm

(主要目的在于纠正小朋友的英语发音)

活动三：教孩子们唱最简单的字母歌让他们熟悉26个英文字母。备注：三组志愿者分别负责活动，当一组志愿者在台上授课时，另外两位可从旁协助。

简单小游戏：

describe what you see

游戏规则：

在卡片上写上常用单词。然后以两人为一小组，一个人用英语描述卡片上写的单词，另一个人根据其描述猜出这个单词。限时两分钟。每次三个小组上来比赛，以猜对单词最多者为赢。游戏进行三轮，每轮的第一名再进行比赛，从而产生第一二三名，并给予奖励。

do what i say

游戏规则：准备一系列表示动作的单词。以6人为一个小团体，每次两个团体进行比赛。由主持人说出单词，团体中的成员谁知道其含义的，快速站出来并做出动作。速度慢的那一对淘汰其中一个成员。在说完5个单词后，看哪一个团体留下的成员最多为胜利的团队。

备注：授课结束后，志愿者要与小朋友们交流，巩固复习的知识，并增强感情。

注意事项；

1、各位志愿者应遵守纪律，听从指挥。

2、对待小朋友应当有爱心、有耐心。

3、注意小朋友的人身安全及公共设施安全。

后期的跟踪调研及宣传

活动结束后，及时开展反馈调研工作。与社区家长及幼儿园园长沟通，并对此次活动做出评价，指出不足；对社区居民及幼儿园小朋友采取问卷调查等的方式来了解此次活动的影响及相关的的看法及意见，并进一步了解社区学生在英语学习需求，以便我们以后长期开展活动。