第一篇：英语作文高级写作素材
英语作文高级写作素材—背诵，日积月累，灵活运用
1.According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
2.The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
3.No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
4.People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
范文背诵：Smoking Is Harmful
According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.Many young boys and girls have the habit of smoking, though they are middle school students
As we all know, smoking does great harm to human beings.More and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is.But they are never bored with it.Some people think it is a kind of fashion, some think it is of great fun and others think that smoking can refresh themselves.Smoking causes many illnesses.A lot of people always cough because of smoking.The most serious illness caused by smoking is lung cancer.Meanwhile smoking is a waste of money.Besides, careless smokers may cause dangerous fires.In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of smoking.Please stop smoking at once.据说，中国有一半人在吸烟。许多男孩和女孩都有吸烟的习惯，尽管他们还是中学生。众所周知，吸烟对人身体有害。越来越多的人们认识到这个问题的严重性，但他们仍然乐此不疲。一些人认为抽烟是一种时尚，一些人认为抽烟很有趣，还有一些人认为吸烟可以提神。
吸烟能导致很多疾病。由于吸烟，一些人一直在咳嗽。肺癌是吸烟导致的最严重的疾病。同时，吸烟很浪费金钱。除此而外，粗心的烟民还可能引起火灾。
为了保证人们的身体健康，我们应当改掉吸烟的坏习惯。请立即停止吸烟吧。
第二篇：英语作文高级写作素材—背诵,日积月累,灵活运用
写作中需要注意的问题
1.整体要求
了解短文写作的内容及要求 把握好写作步骤
写作时要注意“三忌” 形式上要一致
避免犯小的笔误（语法，拼写）书写规范，工整
2.形式上的一致也是运用英语进行表达时需要十分注意的 a.主谓一致
b.人称、指代要一致 c.平行(对称)关系要一致
d.时态（语态）的起点要一致 3.书面表达注意衔接与连贯
表示转折关系的词：but, while, however, yet, ratherthan, not … but, whereas,…
表示选择关系的词：or, either…or, …
表示原因，结果关系的词：for, thus, because, since,… 表示并列关系：not only … but also, and, both … and,as well as.neither… nor.., …
表示时间关系的词：when, while, as, before, after, ….表示目的的词：for this purpose, so that, in order that, … 表示让步关系的词：although, though, even though/ if …
表示条件的词：if, unless, as/ so long as,…
写好主题句：
一.主题句在段落中常出现的位置由两种。
1.段落开端: 后面的句子提供支持信息或论证。
2.段落结尾：前面提供细节的支持句，最后用一句总结性的主题句来概括。二.写好段落主题句的三原则
1.概括全段主要内容，既不能以偏概全，也不能随意扩大范围 2.有体现中心思想的关键词或短语。
3.以简洁明了的句子为主，避免为追求使用复杂结构而导致理解错误或主题不鲜明的句子。
写好段落扩展句
扩展句是主题句的具体例证或有力支持。写好扩展句要注意以下三点:
1.扩展句要紧扣文章中心和主题句的内容。扩展句是主题句的补充和支持。2.扩展句的层次很重要。一个主题句可以从以下几方面展开，每一个方面就是一个扩展句。这些扩展句只有按照时间，空间，因果等逻辑顺序展开，文章才能层次分明，条理清晰。
3.关联词对扩展句来说很重要。汉语注意思想相联，英文强调 形式相联。从属于一个主题句的几个扩展句不能简单地堆砌 在一起了事，而要用丰富多采的连词连接起来。
写好结尾句
结尾句要紧扣段落主题，有要有所扩展。结尾句要力求简洁有力，意味隽永。结尾句可以借鉴一下几种方法： 1.总结法
2.引用法 引用名人名言是使作文大放异彩的好方法。3.反问法
英语作文高级写作素材—背诵，日积月累，灵活运用
1.According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
2.The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。3.No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。4.People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
范文背诵：Smoking Is Harmful
According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.Many young boys and girls have the habit of smoking, though they are middle school students
As we all know, smoking does great harm to human beings.More and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is.But they are never bored with it.Some people think it is a kind of fashion, some think it is of great fun and others think that smoking can refresh themselves.Smoking causes many illnesses.A lot of people always cough because of smoking.The most serious illness caused by smoking is lung cancer.Meanwhile smoking is a waste of money.Besides, careless smokers may cause dangerous fires.In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of smoking.Please stop smoking at once.据说，中国有一半人在吸烟。许多男孩和女孩都有吸烟的习惯，尽管他们还是中学生。
众所周知，吸烟对人身体有害。越来越多的人们认识到这个问题的严重性，但他们仍然乐此不疲。一些人认为抽烟是一种时尚，一些人认为抽烟很有趣，还有一些人认为吸烟可以提神。
吸烟能导致很多疾病。由于吸烟，一些人一直在咳嗽。肺癌是吸烟导
致的最严重的疾病。同时，吸烟很浪费金钱。除此而外，粗心的烟民还可能引起火灾。
为了保证人们的身体健康，我们应当改掉吸烟的坏习惯。请立即停止吸烟吧。
第三篇：英语写作高级词汇
相信大家都有这样的感受，明明是背了很多的单词，可写作文时，总是用一些高中或小学的词汇(又称垃圾词汇)。为了更好的克服这样的情况，我总结了一些常用的替代语，希望对大家有所帮助：
垃圾词汇1：help
典型例句：I’ll help you.替代语：accommodate
E.g: I’ll endeavor to accommodate you.垃圾词汇2：helpful
典型例句：Sth is helpful(to sb)
替代语：conducive
E.g: Sth is conducive to sb
鉴于有些作文多关于道德和品格塑造，再给出两个有用的短语：
time-honored时代赋予的do credit to our forbears继承先辈的优秀传统
垃圾词汇3：show
典型例句：as it shows in the picture
替代语：betray
垃圾词汇4：think
典型例句：I think--------
替代语：deem
垃圾词汇5：ugly
典型例句：xxx is ugly
替代语：hideous
垃圾词汇6：by the way
典型例句：by the way,....替代语：incidentally,....垃圾词汇7：because
典型例句：xxx because xxx
替代语：in that/in as much as
垃圾词汇8：consider
典型例句：We must consider xxx
替代语：allow for
E.g.: We must allow for xxx
垃圾词汇9：much
典型例句：There has been a much increase in the world population
替代语：There has been a drastic increase in the-----
垃圾词汇10：about
典型例句：It is about 250 times of that
替代语：It is approximately---
垃圾词汇11：buy
替代语：purchase
一、…the +-est + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)QYK英语作文网…the most + 形容词 + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。QYK英语作文网Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.QYK英语作文网
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。QYK英语作文网
QYK英语作文网
*
二、Nothing is +-er than to + V ；Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V QYK英语作文网例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.QYK英语作文网
没有比接受教育更重要的事。QYK英语作文网
QYK英语作文网
*
三、…cannot emphasize the importance of …too much.（再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。）例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.QYK英语作文网
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。*
四、There is no denying that + S + V...（不可否认的……）例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.QYK英语作文网不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。*
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子……（全世界都知道……）例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.QYK英语作文网全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。*
六、There is no doubt that + 句子……（毫无疑问的……）QYK英语作文网
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.QYK英语作文网毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。QYK英语作文网
QYK英语作文网
七、An advantage of …is that + 句子（……的优点是……）QYK英语作文网
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create(produce)any pollution.QYK英语作文网
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子…… is that + 句子（……的原因是……）QYK英语作文网
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。*
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子……（如此……以致于……）例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~（虽然……）QYK英语作文网
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.（by no means = in no way = on no account =at no time = in no case = in no sense = under no circumstances = not...in the least 一点也不）QYK英语作文网
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The +-er + S + V, …the +-er + S + V…QYK英语作文网
The + more + Adj + S + V, …the + more + Adj + S + V …（愈……愈……）例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.QYK英语作文网
你愈努力，你愈进步。QYK英语作文网
The more books we read, the more learned we become.QYK英语作文网
我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving, …can…（借着...，..能够..）例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.QYK英语作文网
借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。*
十三、…enable + Object（受词）+ to + V（……使……能够……）例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.QYK英语作文网
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。*
十四、On no account can we + V…（我们绝对不能……）例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.QYK英语作文网
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S + 过去式（该是……的时候了）例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.QYK英语作文网
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who…（……的人……）例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.QYK英语作文网
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。*
十七、There is no one but…（没有人不……）例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.QYK英语作文网
没有人不渴望上大学。*
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V（不得不……）例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.QYK英语作文网
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。*
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子（可想而知的）It is obvious that + 句子（明显的）QYK英语作文网
It is apparent that + 句子（显然的）例句： It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.QYK英语作文网
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why…（那就是……的原因）例句：Summer is sultry.That is the reason why I don't like it.QYK英语作文网
夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。二
十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式（过去……年来，……一直……）例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.QYK英语作文网
过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。二
十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.QYK英语作文网
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。*二
十三、It pays to + V…（……是值得的。）例句：It pays to help others.QYK英语作文网
帮助别人是值得的。二
十四、be based on（以……为基础）例句：The progress of the society is based on harmony.QYK英语作文网
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。QYK英语作文网
*二
十五、Spare no effort to + V（不遗余力的）例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.QYK英语作文网
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。*二
十六、bring home to + 人 + 事（让……明白……事）例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.QYK英语作文网
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。*二
十七、be closely related to…（与……息息相关）例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.QYK英语作文网
做运动与健康息息相关。*二
十八、Get into the habit of + Ving QYK英语作文网
= make it a rule to + V（养成……的习惯）例句：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。二
十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, …（因为……）QYK英语作文网
例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.QYK英语作文网
因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。QYK英语作文网
QYK英语作文网
*三
十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!QYK英语作文网
= How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么……！）QYK英语作文网
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!QYK英语作文网
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!QYK英语作文网
遵守诺言是多么重要的事！QYK英语作文网
QYK英语作文网
*三
十一、Leave much to be desired（令人不满意）QYK英语作文网
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.QYK英语作文网
我们的交通状况令人不满意。QYK英语作文网
QYK英语作文网
*三
十二、Have a great influence on…（对……有很大的影响）QYK英语作文网
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.QYK英语作文网
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。QYK英语作文网
QYK英语作文网
三
十三、do good to（对……有益），do harm to（对……有害）QYK英语作文网
例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。QYK英语作文网
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。QYK英语作文网
QYK英语作文网
*三
十四、Pose a great threat to…（对……造成一大威胁）QYK英语作文网
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.QYK英语作文网
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。QYK英语作文网
QYK英语作文网
*三
十五、do one's utmost to + V = do one's best（尽全力去...）QYK英语作文网
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.QYK英语作文网我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
第四篇：英语写作常用高级词汇
英语写作常用高级词汇
常见得分词汇替换表
（冒号前面的是我们习惯想到的词，考试中尽量少用！一定要用后面的词去替换前面）
We, everyone: any reasonable/sensitive soul/mind, talented minds, elite minds, versatile minds, personality, figures, celebrity, idiots, philosophic minds, genius More and more: increasingly，Big: enormous, tremendous, gigantic, titanic, astronomical, vast, boundless，Very: extremely, overwhelmingly, undeniably, remarkably, voluminously, excessively, exceedingly, tangibly, impressively, shockingly，Famous: renowned, celebrated, accomplished, distinguished, prominent, eminent, outstanding, preeminent，Good: spectacular, amazing, unbelievable, incredible, magnificent, adorable, fantastic, fascinating, admirable, respectable, cherishable, adorable, awesome, terrific, majestic，Bad: nightmarish, disgusting, despicable, monstrous, appalling, abhorring, repelling, repulsive, Important: significant, essential, basic, fundamental, indispensable, crucial, critical, decisive, determinant, dominant, predominant, infallible，Say, Believe，think: suppose, hold, claim, maintain, presume, assume, contend, argue, declare, I am convinced, conclude，Improve, better: further, promote, enhance, reinforce, strengthen, consolidate, cement, nurture, relieve, recover，Everyone knows: it’s a truth universally acknowledged that, It can never be denied，it is undeniable that，It goes without saying that，It is self evident that，It is highly advisably, imperative, remarkable that，It comforts one to know that„
常见替代词汇解释
1.accelerate: 后面接名词，表示“加速”，中性词，好事坏事都能用。2.adequate: “足够的”，用来替代经常被使用的enough。
3.advance: 名词，“进步，发展”，用来替代文章开头经常使用的development，progress。4.advisable / sensible / rational: “合理的”，都可以替代reasonable。
5.cannot afford to: “不应当做”，不是我们说的“负担不起”。6.be alert to something: “对„保持警惕”，后面接消极概念。7.alternative: “其他的选择或办法”，比如an alternative is that„ 相当于in addition（除此之外）。
8.applicable / feasible / workable: 都表示“可行的”，用在政策、法令、手段等词前面做修饰语，既可增加字长，又可以提高词汇水平。
9.approach / channel: “方法，手段”，用来替代我们经常使用的一些简单词汇，如method 等。
10.approve of something: “批准，同意”，注意不要忘记介词of。
11.attach importance to something: 表示“重视，强调”，替代pay attention to。
12.ban / prohibit something: “禁止，杜绝”，表达这个含义时尽量不要使用stop。
13.barrier / obstacle / impediment: “障碍、阻碍”，名词，在写作考试中经常被用到。14.capital / fund: 解决社会问题时一般都会提到需要投资，可以用到这两个单词，替代money。
Finance 金融 financial 15.challenging: “困难，有难度”，用来替代difficult。
16.in such circumstances: “在这类情况下”，写作时用于总结某个内容。
17.considerable: “相当大，相当多的”，非常常用的修饰语，比如considerable changes就是相当大的变化。
18.in contrast: “相反”，用来替代我们经常使用的on the contrary，on the other hand。19.conversely: “相反地”，也可以用来替代on the contrary，on the other hand。
20.copy / repeat one’s experience / success: “借鉴别人的经验，成功经验”。
21.critical: “至关重要的”，用于替代已经被用滥的important。
22.currently: “目前”，用来替代now，nowadays。
23.damage: 作为名词，含义是“损失、损失金额”，动词“损坏”的搭配能力非常强，和表示物品或抽象概念的词都可以放在一起使用，因此可以用来替代destroy。
24.decline: “衰退”，表示数字下降得比较缓慢，在图表作文中根据图表曲线的实际情况使用，替代我们使用的普通单词decrease。
25.defect: “缺点，不足”，用来替代“shortcoming”。
26.demonstrate / illustrate: “说明，表明”，用在图表作文中替代show，reveal等单词。
27.depict / portray: “描述，描绘”，在漫画作文中替代describe。
28.deteriorate: “恶化”，用于替代get bad或get worse。
29.devise: “设计，指定”，后面可以接表示方法手段的内容。
30.discard / abandon: “放弃，抛弃”，用于表达放弃消极想法或做法。
31.dispute: “争端，冲突”，用来替代problem，argument。
32.drop: “下降”，用来替代decrease。这个词表示下降比较快，如果再用修饰语，应当是sharply，dramatically，drastically。这三个单词一般都用在消极的单词上。积极的用greatly。
33.eliminate: “消除”，用于写作与社会消极问题有关的文章。
34.emerge as: “逐渐崛起并成为”，这个词组虽然很短，但是含义非常复杂，可以用在文章的开头，表达某种事物或社会现象从无到有，并迅速传播。比如 Internet has emerged as an indispensable channel for people to exchange information。
35.employ: “采纳，采用”，与表示“观点，方法，政策，法令”等英语单词搭配使用，用来替代adopt。
36.enforce: “执行”法律法规，通常用于作文结束部分，对某个社会问题提出解决办法时使用。
37.essential: “至关重要，核心的”，形容词，用来替代important。
38.It is generally established that: “众所周知，公认”。
39.when the situation is reversed: “相反”，用来替代on the contrary。
40.excessive: “过度的”，这个词在表达消极概念时都可以做修饰语，副词形式excessively，比如tap“开发”，就可以说tap something excessively。
41.exchange: 这个词才是文化，教育等方面的“交流”，而不是communication。
42.expand: “扩大”，后面接影响，范围一类的词汇。
43.facet / factor: “方面，因素”，写作时尽量避免使用element，这个词中国人用得不是很好，aspect因为用的人较多，也可以避免。
44.fail to do: “没有能够”，可以适当替换带有cannot的句子。
45.frequently: “经常”，替代often，表示发生频率很高。
46.fresh / novel: “新的”，比如fresh idea等，都可以用来替代我们经常使用的new。
47.fulfill: “完成，取得”，记住以下词组，fulfill the task, fulfill the dream, fulfill the role。
48.give priority to something: “重视，优先考虑”。
49.give rise to something: “引发，导致„的出现”，积极消极概念都可以使用。
50.given that: “由于„原因”，可以用在句子的开始位置，后面接完整的句子，相当于 because。51.greatly / remarkably: “非常，相当”，作为褒义词，可以用在表示上升、前进、发展等积极含义的单词前面加强程度。
52.guard against: “留心、警惕”，后面使用名词型结构。
53.household: “家庭”，这个词偏重的家庭生活中的设备，物质概念，因此，比如计算机，汽车等设备进入家庭，就应当用enter the household，而不是我们用的home或family。生活垃圾也可以表达为household wastes。
54.be ignorant about something: “对„没有引起足够重视”，表示没有意识到。
55.incidence: “不良事件”，比如incidence of pollution，incidence of fake commodity等等，表示出现上述不良情况。
56.increasingly: “越来越”，副词，可以用在动词和形容词前面，加深程度。
57.indispensable: “不可缺少的，必须的”，写作时可以用来做很多名词的修饰语。58.individualistic / selfish / self-centered: 都是“自私的”含义，可以交替使用。59.inspire / stimulate: “鼓励”，替代encourage。
60.for instance: “例如”，虽然这个词组我们经常见到，但很少有人在写作文时用它来替代for example。
61.instruct: “教育”，名词形式为instruction，同educate，education交替使用。62.intend to do: “计划，打算”，可以替代be going to等词组，表达做事的意愿。
63.make investment into: “投资，投入”，投资是解决社会问题的一个核心方式，因此这个词组在英语写作中经常会用到。
64.issue: “问题”，中性词，我们平常使用的problem是贬义词，因此比如网络问题等词组都应当用issue来表达。
65.launch a campaign to do something: “大力开展„活动”。
66.maintain: “一贯认为，坚持认为”，一般写成somebody maintains that，后面使用完整的句子，用来替代think, believe。
67.major: “主要的”，用来替代main。
68.major / primary concern: “主要关注点”，名词，要说something is somebody’s major concern。
69.misleading: “误导的，错误的”，替代wrong。
70.observe: “遵守”，后面接名词，如法律法规等。
71.be out of / be short of: “耗尽”/“短缺”，用来替代lack，同时提醒大家lack这个词的动词形式在英语中使用的很少。
72.outlook: “前景，未来”，用来替代future。当然，如果用future，就可以加个修饰语，比如foreseeable future等等。
73.plummet / slump: “急剧下降”，图表作文中使用较多。
74.popularize: “推广，普及”，很常用的单词，后面接知识，道理，方法，法律法规等。75.possess: “拥有”，用于替代have，既可以表示拥有具体事物，也可以说拥有抽象品质、特征等。
76.poverty-stricken: “贫困的，低收入的”，替代poor。
77.practice: “（广泛，大范围）的从事”，常与laws and regulations, policy或其他类似范畴的单词连用，用来替代carry out。
78.profit: “好处”，这个词本来是指经济上的利润，但现在可以用来替代benefit，表示广义的好处。
79.progress: “发展，进步”，可以同advance交替使用，以避免重复，并可以替代development。80.a range of / a series of / a string of: “一系列”，特别是后两个单词通常都可以用在消极概念前边，可以用作修饰语，增加文章长度。
81.relieve: “减轻，缓解”，用于消极概念前，词组为relieve somebody of something“消除某人的„。
82.soar: “迅速上升”，用于图表作文。
第五篇：英语高级写作教案
英语高级写作课程教案
学期：2012 — 2013学年第2学期 学时：32 学分：2 授课对象：外国语学院10级英语专业学生 教
材：《写作教程 第四册》，2007，上海外语教育出版社 任课教师：宇文静 陈琳
1．课程成果：
通过本课程的学习，学生能够初步掌握科学研究的基本方法和能力，巩固和加深所学的基本理论和技能，了解英语论文写作的有关知识、技巧、和策略，选择和确定适当的论文题目，初拟论文提纲。
2．教学方法：
课堂讲授，举例，演示
3．课程考核：
课程成绩（100%）=平时考核（100%）+期末考试（0%）平时考核 100分=100分+0分
1.平时成绩：100分折合为总成绩的100% 注： 100分： 作业8次中取5次，每次20分；
0分： 随机抽查5次出勤，不计分，3次无故缺勤者取消其成绩。
2．期末成绩：无 3．考试方式：大作业 Lecture 1: Introduction to Thesis Writing(Unit 1)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
1.Understand the aim of the course 2.Grasp generally some information about graduation thesis 3.Understand what constitutes a good topic for research
二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
1.Principles and Requirements of Graduation Thesis 2.Components of Graduation Thesis 3.Steps of Graduation Thesis Writing
四、教学内容
Introduction to Graduation Thesis 1 What is a thesis?
It is a research paper composed by a college student when he/she has finished college study with the help of his /her supervisor, which is also called graduation thesis.2 Significance of thesis writing a.Institutional purpose: b.Personal purposes: 3 Scales of thesis writing Literature, Translation, Linguistics, TEFL, Cross-Culture, Other social science(e.g.Business English, EST, etc.)4 Evaluation of a thesis Letter grade(A.B.C.D.F)is based on its content, structure, language and format.Apart from that, oral defense also counts in many colleges, and so does it in our institute.5 Principles of thesis writing Learning Principle;Independence Principle;Scientific Principle;Scholarly Principle;Creative Principle;Norm Principle.6 Requirements of thesis writing Length;Format;Content;Book binding and layout.7 Steps of Graduation Thesis Writing Choose a topic, collect and organize materials, compose the first draft, revise the draft and finalize it.五、作业
Read Unit 2 after class..Lecture 2: Choosing a Topic for a Thesis(Unit 2)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
1.Know what steps to follow when choosing a topic 2.Learn how to improve topics that have problems
二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
Know how to work out an effective research topic.四、教学内容
1.Principles for choosing a thesis topic Significance(Importance)and Interest;Manageability/Practicality;Flexibility 2.What topics should be avoided? 3.Process of choosing a topic Decide on the subject area---------Choose a topic---------Focus into a question---------Design a title 3.1 Subject areas: literature, linguistics, translation, TEFL, cross-culture and other subject areas 3.2 Finding a Research Problem 3.3 Design a title 4.Exercise 1: literary criticism /comparative study Exercise 2: revise the following topics
五、作业
Search for as many thesis titles as possible to get the idea of title designing and design your own title..Lecture 3: Collecting & Organizing Material(Unit 3)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
1.Learn how to find and evaluate the sources 2.Learn how to document the sources.二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
Choose proper material;write a thesis statement.四、教学内容 Major sources of related literature 2 Guidelines for choosing proper materials 3 Documenting material 4 Reading in depth Exercise : Analyze the different parts of the following thesis statement.五、作业
Read the textbook Unit 3 and create your working bibliography, using APA style.Lecture 4: Outlining a Thesis(Unit 6)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
1.Know the format of an outline 2 Be familiar with the types of outline 3 Grasp how to construct an outline.二、学时安排hours
三、重点难点 The format of an outline 2 How to construct an outline.四、教学内容 What is an outline? 2 The Benefits of an Outline 3 Process of constructing a thesis 4 Types of the outline 5 Formats of the outline 6 Conventions and contents of outlines 7 Principles for Structuring an outline Exercise: Outlining the following thesis
五、作业
Based on your topic and thesis statement, with the accumulation of related material, please construct your own outline.Lecture 5: Introduction Writing(Unit 7)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
Master the elements of the Introduction chapter of a thesis.二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
Understand and know how to compose the Introduction chapter.四、教学内容
Components of the Introduction Chapter: Introduction Background of the study
The professional significance of the study Overview(structure)of the thesis Exercise:
Find the problems in the Introduction chapter of the thesis at hand.五、作业
Finish the introduction chapter for your thesis.Lecture 6: Literature Review(Unit 7)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
1.Know what are included in a literature review 2 Know how to compose a literature review.二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
Master how to organize a literature review and how to summarize and paraphrase.四、教学内容
What is a Literature Review? Procedure for Writing a Literature Review Exercises:
1: Find a focus for the following titles 2: Write a Summary
五、作业
Write a literature review briefly.Lecture 7: Quotation(Unit 8)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
Master the way of quotation.二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
Different quotation formats for different material.四、教学内容
Differences between quotation and citation Types of quotation: direct and indirect Quotation of different material: Poetry, drama, etc.Exercise:
Revise each of the following sentences, deleting quotation marks used inappropriately, moving those placed incorrectly, and using more formal languages.五、作业
Remember the format of quotation.Lecture 8: Citation(Unit 8)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
Master the way of citation.二、学时安排hours
三、重点难点
Different citation formats for different material.四、教学内容
Purposes of documentation Types of citation: In-text Citation and References Formats of In-text Citation: MLA, APA, Chicago Manual style
五、作业
Remember the APA format of citation.Lecture 9: Methodology(Unit 4)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
1.Know how to conduct a research in a linguistic thesis 2.Know how to write the methodology part in a linguistic thesis 3.Know how to write a good findings and discussion
二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
Master how to conduct a research in a linguistic thesis.四、教学内容
Definition of Methodology Methodology in a thesis on linguistics 1.Components 2.Organization
3.How to carry out research 4.Findings and Discussion Exercise: Analyze samples: What research tools are used? How?
五、作业
Learn SPSS after class: SPSS教程.Lecture 10: Methodology(Unit 4)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
1.Know how to design a good questionnaire;2.Master the methods to interpret a work of literature.二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
Master questionnaire design and how to interpret a work of literature.四、教学内容
Questionnaire design 1.Criteria for a good questionnaire 2.Steps for questionnaire design 3.Exercise: Process the following data Methodology in a Literary Thesis 1.Methods: explication(解读), analysis, comparison and contrast 2.Literature Criticism:
五、作业
Design a questionnaire to collect opinions of the second-year Non-English majors on their L2 learning strategies.中国非英语专业大二学生英语学习策略
Lecture 11: Conclusion, Abstract & Acknowledgements(Unit 7)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
1.Know how to write the Conclusion of a thesis 2.Know how to write the Abstract of a thesis 3 Know how to draft Acknowledgement.二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
Master Conclusion writing and Abstract writing.四、教学内容
Conclusion Writing 1.Restatement 2.Summary 3.Future research direction Abstract Writing 1 Types of Abstract: descriptive and informative 2.Requirements 3 Key Words Acknowledgements 1.Purposes 2.Requirements Exercise: Read the following abstracts and then discuss the merits and defects of the abstracts.五、作业
Choose key words for your thesis.Lecture 12: Format-Listing Sources(Unit 8)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
Know how to document sources at the end of the thesis.二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
Master the use of punctuations and italicization.四、教学内容
Basic rules for bibliographic citation 1.Authors 2.Books 3.Author with an editor 4.Author with an translator 5.Work in an anthology 6.Magazines 7.Encyclopedia or dictionary entry 8.Electronic sources 9.Notes: Chinese references Exercise: Create the Reference entry with the given information
五、作业
Design your own references.Lecture 13: Format and Mechanics(Unit 8)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
Know some rules of format and mechanics.二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
Master Contents format and Page number format.四、教学内容 Format 1 Contents 2 Tables and figures 3 Page numbers Mechanics 1 Capitalization 2 Abbreviations 3 Italicizing and underlining 4 Numbers 5 Tables and Figures Exercise Find out the problems of the following Contents
五、作业
根据以下论文内容，加页码并自动生成目录
Lecture 14: Language Style(Additional Material)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
Know the characteristics of thesis language.二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
Master diction and voice.四、教学内容 Diction: formal Tone: Judgment: careful and impartial basic tone: rational, impersonal and unemotional Voice: third-person pronouns(he, she, they or it)—subjects of sentences Economy: write concisely and straightforwardly Use of Tenses: 1.Literature 2.Theory or philosophy 3.Research results 4.Review of literature Unbiased language Constructing paragraphs a paragraph—a single unit declare a point—offer support for the point A topic sentence—a tiny thesis statement Exercise: Find out the problems of these sentences.五、作业
Revise your introduction and literature review parts.Lecture 15: Summary(Unit 9)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
Get a systematic idea of thesis writing.二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点
Master the requirements of structure, language and format.四、教学内容
Title: informative, revealing Abstract: should contain the following elements Research topic, research purpose, research methods, research results, implications, conclusion.Key words: high frequency in the thesis, focus of the thesis, 3-5 words Introduction: a.Background of the study
b.The professional significance of the study c.Overview(structure)of the thesis Literature Review: Cover the basic categories • Introduction: central theme or organizational pattern • Body: Organize sources chronologically, thematically, or methodologically • Conclusions/Recommendations: Discuss what you have drawn from reviewing literature so far.Where might the discussion proceed? Methodology:
what(tool/instrument);Who(subjects);How(data collection, procedures)Findings: Data presentation & data description Discussion:
Supplying meaning to statistics, tables, charts, etc.Making comments that are relevant to the research intention/purpose Conclusion:
Restate the research purpose, some background information, etc;Summarize research design, results, interpretation and implication, etc;Suggest future research direction by pointing out limitations of the study and tentative proposals for future research.Acknowledgements:
a.confined to one page, immediately after the Conclusion b.language: sincere, brief, proper c.Order: More important-less important;Individual – collective References:
英文参考文献基本格式：
期刊： 作者.文章名.（需用引号，且引在“.”之外）期刊名（斜体）.第几期（年代）：页码.专著： 作者.文献题名（斜体）.出版地：出版社, 出版年.中文参考文献基本格式：
专著：主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].出版地：出版社,出版年 期刊：主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名,出版年(期)：页码.language:
formal, objective, concise, proper Contents: 自动生成目录，注意页码及字号。
Tables and figures: 注意标题书写，Tables两边不封。
Page numbers: 正文前和正文的页码不同，前者小写罗马数字，后者小写阿拉伯数字，需用分隔符。
Exercise: Evaluate the two sample papers on page 154-215
五、作业
Review what we have learned.Lecture 16: Oral Defense(Additional Material)
一、课程成果（Outcome）
Know how to give a good oral defense.二、学时安排 2 hours
三、重点难点 PPT design.四、教学内容
Introduction to Oral Defense Purpose: examine whether the researcher understand and master the research and the thesis.Components: Presentation + defense Requirements: design PPT;Presentation 10minutes;defense 10minutes.Prepare for the oral defense 1.Circulate the thesis to the other committee members.2.Be familiar with the structure, contents, research method, major findings and major arguments.3.Explain the thesis briefly.4.Prepare in ppt format.Your focus: topic, research method, findings.Support the argument with clear, brief examples.5.Presuppose questions and prepare answers in advance.6.Committee members make comments or suggestions;you need not have to defense.Respond politely with gratitude.Tips during oral defense: 1.Properly dressed 2.Keep confident 3.Bring with you a pen and paper;thesis better 4.Be polite;show gratitude 5.Ask for the question again or make sure the question if you do not hear clearly about it.6.Don’t argue with teachers but explain your idea with proofs.7.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation and try to make you easily understood.8.Make your answer concise and to the point.Exercise: Analyze some samples.五、作业
Review what has been learned in this class.
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