开放英语1翻译(考试小抄4)

第一篇：开放英语1翻译(考试小抄4)

翻译

1、He wants to buy there packets of

他目前从事电视广告工作，但现在他还20、The living room is large and cigarettes.在度假。

comfortable.他想买3包香烟。

11、John is more interested in computers 起居室既大又舒适。

2、We will make a decision before the 15 than I am.21、I prefer watching TV to reading March.John对计算机比我更有兴趣。

the paper.我们将要在3月15日之前作出决定。

12、I have an English class once a week 和看报相比，我更喜欢看电视。

3、I often go to the gym at off-pear hours.我每周上一次英语课。

22、He borrows a lot of money from

我经常不在非高峰期的时候去健身房。13 What about taking a taxi ? me.4、She is less interested in computers than I

座出租车怎么样？

他从我这里借了很多钱。am.14、The temperature doesn’t go below 5

23、You need to reduce your

她上计算机课比我更有兴趣。degrees in spring here.temperature.5、The shower isn’t working at the

这里春天气温不低于5度。

你应该退烧。moment..I’ll call the plumber today.

15、The room is not comfortable enough.24、I feel worried about my exam next

目前沐浴器不能工作了，我在今天将

这个房间不够舒服。

week.打电话给维修工过来帮你维修一下。

16、The Meeting Rooms are on the ground 我担心我下周的考试。

6、Could you open than bottle ,please ? floor.25、There are four candidates for

请你，帮我打开那个瓶子好吗？

会议室是在地面的第一层

this job.7、The bank is opposite the newsagent’s.17、David usually has a sandwich in his 这个工作有四个候选人

银行对面是报刊销售点。office at lunchtime.26、I go swimming once a week.8、They are speaking to each other on the

David通常午餐时间在办公室吃三文我每周去游泳一次。telephone now.治

27、Which museum do you want to go?

他们正在电话聊天。

18、I have a reservation for a single room, 你想去哪个博物馆？

9、My father keens on researching our

我想预订一间单人房

28、The weather in Beijing is the same family history.19、I’m waiting for an important as the weather in New York.我父亲热衷于研究家庭历史。telephone call form my bass in Shanghai.北京的天气和纽约的天气一样

10、He is currently working on TV 我在等我的老板从上海打来的一个重要26..I'm interested in reading more advertisements , but right now he’s on 电话。

about it.holiday.我很想多看一些相关的东西。

27.John doesn't know very much and isn't very intelligent.约翰知识面不广，不怎么聪明。28.They get off the bus at the swimming pool.他们从游泳池那里下车。

29.Does your husband have to work every evening?

你丈夫每天晚上都得工作吗？

30.She is doing a tour in Paris next week.她打算下周在巴黎参观参观。31.John is more interested in computers than I am.约翰对计算机比我更感兴趣

32.I have an English class once a week.我每周上一次英语课

33..What about taking a taxi? 坐出租车怎么样？

34.The temperature doesn't go below 5 degrees in spring here.这里春天气温不低于5度

45.The room is not comfortable enough.这个房间不够舒服。

第二篇：电大2011开放英语3考试答案小抄

第一部分交际用语

1.Hello, Sally.How‘s everything?D.Just so-so 2.Excuse me, would you lend me your calculator?A.Certainly.Here you are

3.I don‘t like the spots programs on Sundays.B.Neither do I

4.What‘s the problem, Harry?

D.I can‘t remember where I left my glasses 5.What kind of TV program do you like best?C.It‘s hard to say, actuallyCould you tell me where Mr.Lake is?B.At the office7.May I help you, madam?

D.Yes, I‘d like 2 kilos of oranges 8 Hello, could I speak to Don please?D.Who‘s speaking?What would you like, tea or coffee?B.Coffee, pleasee

10.What about going for a walk?.A.Why not? A good idea11.Nice weather, isn‘t it?

C.Yes, it is12.I think the Internet is very helpful.A.Yes, so do I

13.What subjects are you studying?C.I‘m studying philosophy

14.Which language do you speak at home?D.English, most of the time

15.Must we hand in our homework now?

C.No, you needn‘t16.Let‘s take a walk.A.Yes, let‘s

17.Hello, could I speak to Don please?D.Who‘s speaking

18.Do you think the exam will be put off?C.Not likely

19.In my opinion, you‘d better take a couple of days off.A.I‘ll take your advice

20.Would you mind if I open the window for a better view?D.Of course not

第二部分词汇与结构

阅读下面的句子，从四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。

1.I broke my leg when Iskiing in America.2.She was convictedC.ofmurder.3.A new hotel 4.It is very convenient A.livinghere.5.I have lived here B.since1997.6.The bedroom needs_.7.He is the mandog bit me.8.I‘m tired.Iworking very hard.9.Before she left on the trip, she D.had trained hard.10.He keeps

11.The sun heats the earth,is very important toliving things

B.is to

A.origin

B.shouting

15.The big man has always been eating on the go, _he has got stomachache.A.so

16.Let me the case carefully before I draw a conclusion.B.look into

D.is

C.owes

19.Mr.Smitha most important part in the development of our city.C.played

20.I‘d rather stay at home thana walk.C.take

21.Mother was busy.Although she was not watching the basketball on TV, she A.was listening to

A.had I got

D.to

24.All the team members tried their best.We lost the game,A.however

telephone.B.was told

26.Silk ________ by Chinese for thousands of years now.B.has been used

B.ought

28.Before I got to the cinema, the film _________.A.had begun

29.The patient acted on the doctor‘s _________ and finally recovered.B.advice

30.A lecture hall is C.one

31.Don‘t worry, your watch and you can have it in no time.D.is being repaired

32.The definition leaves ______ for disagreement.B.much roomB.can people do what

B.was married

35.I don‘t want you to make any trouble, problem.B.consequently

B.is…being

C.grew up

to work regularly.A.driveimprove the relationship with the USA.A.to do

B.cleaned

第三部分完形填空

Although international travel is usually an(21)__________ and pleasant

experience, travellers should take steps to ensure that their health does not suffer either(22)______ their time _____ the air or ______ their time abroad.Before you go, check with your doctor or local travel clinic(23)______ injections are necessary for the areas you are travelling(24)_____.Allow sufficient time to have these injections before you(25)_______ because they may take time to become effective.Be sure that the information on health is up-to-date.Check on the Internet if you are not sure.Don‘t go to bed late the day(26)_______ you fly.Your body has a natural daily sleep pattern.It takes time to adjustto a new time zone.There are many different(27)__________ of jet lag: you may not be able to sleep, you may not want to eat or you may feel sick and tired.You may not be able to concentrate for some days after you arrive.There are several things you can do to(28)________ the effects of jet lag: － Do your(29)______ to relax during the flight;

－ Sleep as much as you can on the flight.Use a mild sleeping pill if necessary;－ Drink as much water as you can;－ Don‘t drink alcohol and caffeine;

－ Take mild sleeping pills(30)______ the first few days in the new time zone if you need them.21.B)exciting22.D)from…in…from23.C)which24.C)to25.C)leave26.D)before27.A)effects28.D)lessen 29)C)best30.B)for

Passage 2

A study(21)_____________ that fitness is the key(22)______ long life,irrespective of body shape or even smoking habits.Researchers discovered that people(23)_________ exercise live longer than those who do not,(24)__________ they are overweight and smoke.The study found that the least fit of the 6,000 middle-aged men in the study were five times(25)_____________ to die within six years of the start of the research

than the fittest.This was true whether or not the men had heart problems, smoked or(26)______ overweight.Scientists concluded that it was better to be fat and active than skinny and sedentary.Dr Ken Cooper, a fitness expert, said, “You are better off smoking a packet of cigarettes a day and(27)__________ regularly than being a non-smoker and sedentary.” Although he adds, “ But don't misunderstand me.I am not endorsing smoking.I am trying to tell you how dangerous it is to be sedentary.”

(28)________, the study appears to fly in the face of research last year which concluded that more than 30,000 people die prematurely every year in Britain from illnesses caused by being overweight.The British Government is putting pressure on manufacturers(29)____________ high levels of sugar in food and to restrict the hard-sell of junk food to children in order to improve the nation's health.But the new study suggests the Government(30)__________ more people to exercise.21.C)has shown22.A)to23.D)who

24.C)even if25.D)more likely 26.B)were

27.B)exercising28.A)However29.C)to reduce30.D)encourage

Passage 3

More and more people(21)to install burglar alarms in their houses if they want to get insurance.Insurance companies(22)people in certain areas to install the alarms before they will give them insurance for the fast year.This is(23)to increasing crime in some parts of the country.This can be a problem for people(24)____ are struggling to make(25)____ ends meet.The alarms,(26)____ can be very expensive, need to be installed by an electrician.It is(27)_____ that 20% of homes have alarms installed, and that another 20% of people plan(28)_____ but have not installed them(29)_____.The insurance companies told people(30)_____ the alarms on all doors and windows.21.B.have 22.D.have been asking

23.A.due24.C.who25.C.-26.B.which27.D.estimated28.A.to have them installed29.C.yet30.D.to install

Passage 4

A study has shown that fitness is the key(21)_____ long life, irrespective of body shape(22)_____ even smoking habits.Researchers discovered that people who exercise live longer than(23)______, even if they are overweight and smoke.The study found that(24)______ fit of the 6,000 middle-aged men in the study were five times more likely to die within six years of the start of the research than the fittest.This was true(25)_______the men had heart problems, smoked or were overweight.Scientists concluded that it was better(26)_______and active

than skinny and sedentary.Dr Ken cooper, a fitness expert, said, ― You are better off smoking a packet of cigarettes a day and exercising regularly than(27)_______ a non –smoker and sedentary.‖ Although he adds, ―But don‘t misunderstand me.I am not endorsing(28)_____, I am trying to tell you how dangerous it is to be sedentary.‖

The British Government is putting pressure(29)_____ manufacturers to reduce high levels of sugar in food and to restrict the hard-sell of junk food to children in order to improve the nation‘s health.But the new study suggests the Government should encourage more people(30)_____.21.C.to22.A.or

23.D.those who do not 24.D.the least

25.B.whether or not26.B.to be fat27.A.being28.C.smoking29.A.on

30.C.to exercise

第四部分阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从四个选项中选出一个正确答案 Passage 1

I was 15 when I walked into McCarley Bookstore and began to look over the titles of the books on the shelves.The man behind the counter, the owner of the bookstore, asked me if I would like a job.I needed to start saving for college, so I said yes.I worked after school and during summers for minimum wages and the job helped pay for my freshman year of college.I worked at many other jobs

afterwards: I made coffee in the student union during college.I made maps for the U.S Forest Service.But selling books was one of the most satisfying.。。。

1.How did the author get the job in McCarley Bookstore?A.He happened to walk into the shop and got it by chance.2.According to the author, selling books was one of the most satisfying job experiences, because ____________.B.it helped him understand the world and himself

3.After he helped the fearful lady looking for books on cancer, the author was ____________.D.proud of himself

4.The author decided to help the poor boy by ____________.B.persuading his boss to let him do the story on TV

5.The main reason that the author thinks his present job is the same as the one in the bookstore is ____________.C.it helps people make sense of the world Passage 2

Paper was invented by the Chinese in the first century AD.Paper was not made in southern Europe until about the year 1100.Scandinaviadid not begin to make it until 1500.Most paper is made from wood.Paper-making is an important British industry and paper from Britain is sold to many countries such as Australia and South Africa.Some of the wood used in the British paper making industry comes from trees grown in Britain, but wood is also bought from other countries such as Norway.。。

1.Where was paper invented? A.In China.2.Scandinavia began to make paper ____________.C.in 1500

3.Every four hundred copies of a forty-page newspaper will need ____________.B.one tree

4.All over the world, trees are being cut down ____________ than they are being planted.D.faster

5.The latest things made of paper are ____________.D.houses

Passage 3

We often use gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that the gestures can be understood in different ways.It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language.So does laughter or crying.Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world.In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like ‗he went pale and began to tremble‘ suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock.However, ‗he opened his eyes wide‘ is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise.。。

1.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

D.It is difficult to tell what people‘ gestures really mean sometimes.2.People‘s facial expressions may be misunderstood in different cultures because ____________.D.people from different cultures have different meanings about some facial expressions

3.From the passage, we can conclude that ____________.Agestures can be used to express feelings 4.In the same culture, people ____________.Dmay have different abilities to understand and express feelings 5.The best title for this passage can be ____________.CGestures and Feelings

Passage 4

A funny thing happened on the way to the communication revolution: we stopped talking to each other.I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his mobile phone rang, interrupting our conversation.There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and – poof!– I was cut off as if I had become absent from the conversation.。。

1.The author‘s experience of walking in a park with a friend recently made him feel _____________.A.unhappy

2.According to the author, human contact in a park means

D.both A and B（A.looking at each other and saying hello when passing和.noticing their babies and stopping to pat their dogs）

3.According to the author, the more connected we get in communications technology, the ___________ we are.C.more disconnected

4.What are the examples the author gives to explain his idea that every advance in communications technology is a setback to the closeness of human interaction?D.All of the above.5.What is the unintended result of communication technology, according to the author?

B.It actually creates a distance between people instead of bringing them together.Passage 5

Who will stage the games?

Preparing for the Olympics Games is a huge undertaking.Just like the athletes, the host city spends years getting ready for the event.Before deciding which city will host the Olympic Games,。。Why does it take so long to prepare?

Building the infrastructure costs huge amounts of money.Holding the World Cup in 2002 in Japan and South Korea, for example, meant that ten new stadiums had to be built, as well as many hotels and an improved transport system.In Beijing, after winning the bid the government began major construction projects — the extension of the underground, the improvement of the airport and the building of new motorways3.Each host city must also build an Olympic village for the athletes.By planting trees and creating parks, the city becomes more attractive for tourists.Why do countries want to host the Olympic Games?

Hosting the games has a major effect on the economy and brings international prestige to the country.Thousands and thousands of visitors come to the games and the host cities are permanently improved.1.Bidding for the Olympic Games usually starts ____________ before the games are really held.D.ten years

2.Beijing was one of the _______ biddersfor the 2008games.B.five

3.The World Cup 2002 was held in _____________.D.A and B

4.What construction projects did Beijing start after winning the bid?D.All of the above

5.Why do countries want to host the Olympic Games?D.All of the above.Passage 6

We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn‘t even lift her eyes from the book.Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit

down.While I watched, mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold.She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop.She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, ―Very dirty floors.‖

1.When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was ____________.C.to see a patient

2.When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a _D.cleaner

3.After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?B.It has strict rules about visiting hours.4.Why did Mum go to see Kate in the hospital? D To find out how she was.5.Which of the following words best describes Mum?D.Clever Passage 7

Did you know there are some very special dogs doing good work in our hospital wards? These are PAT 2(Pets As Therapy)dogs.Doctors and nurses are recognising the benefits of pets more and more — particularly for children,people with mental illnesses and elderly people who are separated from their own pets or have had to give up their pets.。。。

1.Doctors and nurses think pets are particularly helpful for _D)all of the above people

2.Today __________ people in hospital get the help of dogs and cats and theirowners.C)100,0003.Alan got the dog from ___________.B)the charity

4.Which of the following that Tess CAN NOT help Alan do?D)buy newspaper from the shop

5.When Alan was going to a coma, Tess went to his _______‘s home for help.A)neighbour

Passage 8

10th August, 2004 Dear Sirs,

Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, PMC Company is a major producer of1.The company wants to sell ____________.D.machinery and chemicals

2.Where is the Head Office of the company? C.In Chicago, Illinois.3.When did the company‘s annual sales exceed $2 billion? B.In the year of 2000.4.The company thinks ____________.C.it plays a leading role in the world‘s packaging industry 5.The letter is written to ____________. A.its customers in the States and abroad 第五部分 阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确（T）、错误（F），还是文字中没有涉及相关信息（NG）Passage 1

Lily is 70 years old and she takes care of her 91-year-old mother.She told us about caring for her mother.I wake up early every day, it‘s usually about 6.30 am, and wait until I hear Tilly, my mum, moving about.Then I make her a cup of tea.At about half past seven she gets up and we have breakfast together.We normally just have toast, but on Sundays we always have bacon and eggs.After breakfast she reads the

newspaper, then she sits by the window and waves to the neighbours as they walk by.。。。

1.Lily wakes before her mother.（T）

2.Joan sometimes spends the day with Lily‘s mother.（T）3.Tilly is satisfied with her hairdresser.（NG）

4.Lily‘s brother comes to visit every three weeks.（F）

5.Lily and her mother play cards more than they watch TV.（F）

Passage 2

My grandfather was a very interesting man.He died when I was 11, but I remember he used to tell me stories about his early life.He told me one about how he used to race dogs.They raced greyhound, a very fast type of dog.My grandfather had a dog that was very fast and usually won the races.The men used to bet on the dogs and try to win money.One day before a race, a friend of my grandfather‘s suggested that they bet on a different dog and make my grandfather‘s dog lose the race.。。

1.The author‘s grandfather doesn‘t tell stories now.（T）2.His dog always won when it raced.（F）

3.The author‘s grandfather usually won lots of money.（NG）

4.The author‘s grandfather and his friend fed the dog cakes to make it strong.（F）

5.The author‘s grandfather and his friend bet on a dog which didn‘t win.（T）

Passage 3

The ancient Olympic Games were part of a religious festival in honour of the Greek god Zeus, the father of all Greek gods and goddesses.The festival and games were held in Olympia, a religious sanctuary.The athletes came to Olympia from all parts of the Greek world, from as far as Spain in the west and Turkey in the east.。。。

1.The ancient Greeks held the first Olympic Games in 617 BC.（F）2.The ancient Greeks held the Olympic Games for 393 years.（F）

3.They did not allow women to compete in the ancient Olympic Games.（T）4.They first used the Olympic flag in 1908.（T）

5.Both the Olympic Games and the Marathon Race are very popular for old and young people in many countries of the world.（NG）第六部分书面表达工作

Every person has his own ideal job.As far as I am concerned, I have been dreaming of being a guide for a long time.First, good guides have wide vision.Secondly, guide can constantly expand his knowledge and understand lots of customs about different cultures and countries.To achieve my dream of being a qualified guide, I have to make sufficient preparations.For one thing, I must learn my specialty well.For another, I should enhance my eloquence so that I can express the allusion about the view clearly.Being a good guide is difficult, but I believe if I endeavor to do these things in all hands, I‘ll be successful sooner or later.交通工具

I like bikes best.

Compared with cars, bikes have many advantages.First, they are not very expensive.Second, they are very handy and convenient though they are not so fast as cars.With a bike, you don‘t have to look for a large parking place.Third, they do not cause air or sound pollution.

Riding bikes does good to your health if you ride it regularly.In modern times, people are usually too busy to spare any time for physical exercise.Riding a bike to your work place regularly serves as a good way to keep yourself strong and healthy.Therefore, a bicycle is the best means of transportation.电视节目

My favorite TV program is “The World Today”, which is shown on Saturday evenings.This program is like a wonderful window, through which I can see the beautiful and exciting world.It provides me with the latest development in affairs of the world.It also gives me a vivid picture of what have been going on and what have happened in the world.I like this program not only because of its abundant and latest news, but also its analysis of our present world and prospects for the future.From it, I learn more about mankind itself.It gives me intelligence.How to keep healthy（健康）

Keeping healthy is very important for everyone.First, it is good to your body.Being healthy, we will not have to go to hospital, and it will save us much money.Second, we can do lots of things if we are healthy.There are many ways that we can use to keep healthy.We can go to a gym to do exercises or attend an aerobics class.Playing basketball or just jogging is also useful for us.Anyway, we will benefit a lot from keeping health.We must realize the importance of it.It will help us in many ways.梦想

When I was small, I wanted to become a policewoman.But, when I grew up, I changed my mind.My ambition is to become a successful fashion designer.I want to design many beautiful clothes in the future.I want to build my own brand and I want it to become popular in the world.I‘m very hard-working now to make my dreams come true.I‘m studying in my spare time to gain more knowledge.I hope my dreams will all come true and I can become a fashion designer and I want everyone to be proud of me.

第三篇：考试小抄单选题

1、施工组织设计和专项施工方案的内容可粗可细，下列哪一项不是其内容（施工技术）。

2、某建筑工程公司作为总承包商承接了某高校新校区的全部工程项目，针对其中的综合楼建设所作的施工组织设计属于（位施工组织设计）。

3、下列选项中，属于施工组织设计和专项施工方案的编制依据的是（施工图纸）。

4、施工管理目标包括质量目标、社会行为目标等，其中下列哪一项不是社会行为目标包括的内容（无重大伤亡事故发生）。

5、项目施工协调是单位工程施工部署的重要内容，其中不包括（与监理单位协调）。

6、组织现场施工人员配置工程所需的计量、测量、检测试验等仪器和仪表，属于施工准备工作中的（技术准备）。

7、施工准备工作是单位工程资源准备的重要内容，其中不包括（资金准备）。

8、施工现场入口处的醒目位置，应公示“五牌”、“二图”，其中“二图”指的是项目经理部组织架构及主要管理人员名单图和（施工总平面图）。

9、单位工程施工平面图设计的步骤不包括下列哪一项（确定工地出入口位置）。

10、施工现场入口处的醒目位置，应公示“五牌”、“二图”，其中“五牌”不包括下列哪一项（项目经理部组织架构及主要管理人员名单）。

11、建设工程信息管理中应遵循的基本原则不包括（定时性原则）。

12、下列选项中，属于单位工程施工组织设计的内容的是（主要施工方案）。

13、施工方案的编制对象是（分部工程或专项工程）。

14、（施工安排）是施工方案的核心，关系专项工程实施的成败。

15、下列哪一项不是施工准备所包括的内容（机械准备）。

16、对于超过一定规模的危险性较大的分部分项工程，（施工单位）应当组织专家组对其专项方案进行充分论证。

17、参加专家论证会的专家组成员应当有（5）名及以上符合相关专业要求的专家组成。

18、下列关于施工技术交底文件的编写要求，说法错误的是（施工技术交底的范围要求）。

19、填土压实可采用人工压实，也可采用机械压实，下列哪一项不是机械压实的方法（综合法）。20、钢筋混凝土预制桩的强度须达到设计强度标准值的（70%）后方可起吊，如提前起吊，必须采取措施并经验算合格方可进行。

21、预制桩在堆放时，地面必须平整、坚实，堆放层数不宜超过（4）层，不同规格的桩应分别堆放。

22、梁模板在搭设时，如梁跨度等于或大于（1%）m，应使梁底模起拱，如设计无规定时，起拱高度宜为全跨长度的（3%）。

23、下列关于柱模板的说法错误的是（沿高度每隔1.5m开有浇注孔）。

24、下列关于拆除框架结构模板的顺序中，正确的是（首先是柱模板/然后是楼顶模板/梁侧模板/最后是梁底模板）。

25、混凝土搅拌时，常用的投料顺序不包括（三次投料法）。

26、混凝土自高处倾落时的自由倾落高度不宜超过（2）m。

27、当混凝土浇筑深度超过（8）m时，应采用带节管的振动串筒，即在串筒上每隔2~3节管安装一台振动器。

28、结构设计总说明中不包括（防火等级）。

29、结构施工图一般不包括（结构剖面图）。30、以下关于各专业施工图的排列顺序说法错误的是（次要部分在前,主要部分在后）。

31、建筑工程施工图的识读方法中不包括下列哪一项（详图细读）。

32、在梁的平法标注中，梁的标注一般是集中标注和原位标准相结合，其中集中标注内容中有五项必注值和一项选注值，则下列哪一项是选注值（梁顶面标高高差）。

33、梁的平法标注中，部分标注为KL3（2A）300×650，则以下关于该梁的说法中错误的是（两跨两端悬挑）

34、图纸会审一般由（建设单位）组织，并主持会议，其他单位参加。

35、图纸会审的程序是设计单位作设计交底，（施工单位）对图纸提出问题，有关单位发表意见，与会审者讨论、研究、协商逐条解决问题达成共识，组织会审的单位汇总成文等。

36、规费是指政府和有关权力部门规定必须缴纳的费用，下列哪一项不属于规费的范畴（环境保护费）。

37、工程项目成本控制不包括（措施费的控制）。

38、（材料用量的控制）是在保证符合设计规格和质量标准的前提下，合理使用材料和节约使用材料，通过定额管理、计量管理等手段以及施工质量控制，避免返工等，有效控制材料物资的消耗。

39、施工成本中的人工费的控制，实行（量价分离）的原则。40、施工成本控制的依据不包括（施工图）。

41、我国现行工程变更价款的确定方法不包括（fid.ic施工合同条件下工程变更的估价）。

42、正铲挖土机作业特点中说法错误的是（可装车和两边甩土、堆放）。

43、下列关于挖土机的挖土特点说法错误的是（拉铲挖土机的挖图特点是，前进向上，自重切土）。

44、拉铲挖土机作业特点中说法错误的是（开挖截面误差较小）。

45、拉铲挖掘机的挖土特点是：“后退向下，自重切土”。拉铲挖土时，吊杆倾斜角度应在45°以上，先挖两侧然后中间，分层进行，保持边坡整齐；距边坡的安全距离应不小于（2.0）m。

46、自行式起重机的种类不包括（支架式起重机）。

47、编制施工进度计划的工具不包括（时标计划）。

48、施工进度计划在编制时，工程量计算应注意很多事项，其中不包括（划分的施工段数）。

49、下列哪一种方法不是确定施工过程持续时间的方法（目标计算法）。50、双代号网络图中，虚箭线表示（工作之间的逻辑关系）。

51、虚工作起的作用不包括（选择）。

52、下列关于双代号网络图的绘制规则的说法中，错误的是（网络图中允许出现循环路线）。

53、下列哪一项不是流水施工的基本参数（结构参数）。

54、组织流水施工时，空间参数不包括（流水步距）。

55、等步距异节拍流水施工的特征不包括（施工班组数等于施工过程数）。

56、建筑工程由于工程质量不合格、质量缺陷，必须进行返修、加固或报废处理，并造成或引发经济损失，当造成的直接经济损失低于（5000）元时称为工程质量问题。

57、建筑工程由于工程质量不合格、质量缺陷，必须进行返修、加固或报废处理，并造成或引发经济损失，当造成的直接经济损失在（5000）元（含选项）以上时称为工程质量事故。

58、“建筑工程结构施工阶段噪声限值：夜间施工不允许超过（55d）。

59、”划分施工段的基本原则是各施工段的劳动量（或工程量）要大致相等，相差宜在（15%）以内。60、划分施工段的基本原则不包括（要有利于结构的局部性）。61、以下关于确定施工顺序应遵循的基本原则说法错误的是（先维护，后主体）。62、确定施工顺序的基本要求不包括（必须考虑文明施工的要求）。63、室内装修工程的施工顺序有整体顺序自上而下和整体顺序自下而上两种，其中整体顺序自下而上的施工优点有（可以缩短工期）。64、项目施工过程中，发生（施工企业法人代表变更）情况时，施工组织设计不需要进行修改或补充。65、施工组织设计应由施工单位（技术负责人）或其授权的技术人员审批。66、高强度螺栓连接副在终拧以后，螺栓丝扣外露应为（2-3）扣。67、设计要求全焊透的一、二级焊缝，应采用（超声波探伤）检查进行内部缺陷的检验。68、“施工资料是建筑工程在工程施工过程中形成的资料，下列哪一项不属于施工资料（施工照片）。69、（施工日志）是建筑产品的说明书，在必要时将对工程起重大作用。70、（施工日志）是工程实施的写照，这份原始资料是当工程有什么问题或需要数字依据时的查考辅助资料。71、关于安全技术交底的基本要求，下列说法错误的是（安全交底技术内容必须具体、明确、针对性强）。72、建设工程施工前，（施工员）应当对工程项目的概况、危险部位和施工技术要求、作业安全注意事项安全施工的技术要求向施工作业班组、作业人员做出详细说明，并由双方签字确认，以保证施工质量和安全生产。73、施工安全技术措施应具有很多特性，其中不包括（稳定性）。74、一般工程安全技术措施的编制应考虑的内容不包括（浅基坑作业的防护）。75、对达到一定规模的危险性较大的分部分项工程应编制专项施工方案，并附安全验算结果。这些工程不包括（钢筋工程）。76、对洞口的防护设施的具体要求有，边长在（150）cm以上的洞口，四周应设防护栏杆，洞口下方设安全平网。77、三级安全教育是指公司、项目经理部、施工班组三个层次的安全教育。其中公司教育的内容不包括（工地安全制度）。78、三级安全教育是指公司、项目经理部、施工班组三个层次的安全教育。其中项目经理部教育的内容不包括（企业的安全规章制度）。79、三级安全教育是指公司、项目经理部、施工班组三个层次的安全教育。其中施工班组教育的内容不包括（工地安全制度）。80、建筑施工安全用电管理的基本要求规定，施工现场必须按工程特点编制施工临时用电施工组织设计，并由（主管部门）审核后实施。81、施工现场危险源识别的方法有：专家调查法；安全检查表法；现场调查法；工作任务分析法等，其中（现场调查法）是主要采用的方法。82、施工现场危险源识别的方法有：专家调查法；安全检查表法；现场调查法；工作任务分析法等，其中专家调查法的优点是（简单易行）。83、施工现场安全警示标牌的设置原则不包括（简单）。84、下列（施工方法）不属于施工进度计划编制依据。85、施工任务书是向班组下达任务，实行责任承包、全面管理和原始记录的综合性文件，应由（施工员）按班组编制并下达。86、施工任务书是向班组下达任务，实行责任承包、全面管理和原始记录的综合性文件，它是计划和实施的纽带，其不包括（施工进度表）。87、工程项目资源的特点不包括（工程所需资金比较大）。88、工程项目资源管理的内容不包括（环境管理）。89、均衡施工的指标不包括（均衡系数）。90、资源配置计划不包括下列哪一项（临时设施计划）。91、流水施工的基本参数不包括下列哪一项（技术参数）。92、下列不属于施工进度计划的调整方法的是（加强安全教育）。93、施工作业计划分月施工作业计划和旬（周）施工作业计划。下列选项中不属于其内容的为（质量计划）。94、规费是指政府和有关权力部门规定必须缴纳的费用。下列不属于规费内容的是（材料费）。95、我国现行的工程价款主要结算方式不包括（按年结算）。96、该工程的合同价是（65.11）万元。97、该工程的预付款为（11.77）万元。98、专业工程的暂估价一般应是综合单价，不包括（规费）。99、”质量控制文件主要用以表述保证和提高项目质量的文件，不包括与项目质量有关的（施工文件）。

100、在质量管理体系中使用四类文件，按其适用的范围可分为通用性文件和专用性文件，下列选项中属于专项性文件的是（质量计划）。

第四篇：机械设计考试小抄

侧向加速度响应时间：以方向盘转角达到最终值的百分之50时刻为时间的坐标原点，到所测变量响应达到其第一个峰值为止的时间。等速燃料消耗量特性曲线：以车速为横轴，燃料消耗量为纵轴，绘制等速燃料消耗量散点图，根据散点图绘制等速燃料消耗量的特性曲线。最小转弯直径：当汽车内轮转到最大转角时，前外轮的中心平面在地面上的轨迹圆直径称汽车的最小转弯直径。车轮阻滞力：轮胎在滚筒上滚动变形时，由于压缩与伸张作用之间能量的差别而消耗的能量，进而转化为阻止车轮滚动的作用力。最大总质量：整车整备质量和最大装载质量之和。蛇行车速：汽车蛇形通过有效标柱区间直线距离的平均速度。横摆角速度响应时间：它是以转向盘转角达到终值的50%时刻为时间坐标原点开始，到所测变量响应达到第一个峰值为止的时间。残留横摆角速度：在汽车横摆角速度时间历程曲线上，松开转向盘3s时刻的横摆角速度值。噪声产生的原因和测试办法：汽车噪声的噪声源主要包括：发动机工作噪声、行车噪声、车体振动噪声、制动噪声、喇叭噪声等。汽车加速行驶车外噪声测试方法，匀速车外噪声测试方法，车内噪声测试方法。简述发动机功率检测方法以及无负荷测功的工作原理。发动机功率测试：稳态测功：稳态测功也称有负荷测功，是指在发动机节气门开度一定、转速一定和其他参数不变的稳定状况下，通过给发动机加一定的模拟负载，来测量发动机的转速、转矩和功率的方法。动态测功：动态测功亦称无负荷测功或无外载荷测功，是指发动机在不带负载的情况下，突然开大节气门，使发动机克服摩擦阻力而加速运转，通过测量发动机的加速度性能来测量所发出的瞬时功率的方法。单轴反力滚筒式制动试验台：由框架，驱动装置，滚筒装置测量装置，升举装置和指示与控制装置等组成。1汽车检测的标准 ：国际标准组，国际区域标准，国家标准，行业标准2发动机综合性能分析仪组成：微机系统，热键板，前端处理器，信号提取系统3汽车转鼓试验台通常采用的测试仪：水率测功器，电力测功器，电涡流测功器4按试验目的汽车试验可分为：质量检查试验，新产品定型试验，科研型试验5汽车转向回正试验分为：低速回正性能试验，高速性能回正性能试验

6乘用车燃油消耗量试验项目主要有：90KM/H 等速行驶燃油消耗量试验，120KM/H 等速行驶燃油消耗量试验，模拟城市工况循环燃油消耗量试验

7汽车平顺性试验测试系统包括：拾振过程，放大环节，记录和处理环节、8汽油车排放污染物的检测方法：双怠速试验法，怠速法，稳态工况法

9.蛇行试验测量的参数主要有：转向盘转角，横摆角速度，车身侧倾角，侧向加速度，汽车通过有效标桩区的时间等。10汽车转向轮定位值主要包括：车轮外倾角，主销内倾角，主销后倾角，车轮前束等。11滑板式侧滑试验台主要由：侧滑量检测装置，侧滑量定量指示装置，侧滑量定性显示装置等部分组成。12.车速表试验台主要由：速度检测装置，速度指示装置，速度报警装置等组成。13偏频实验的主要内容有：测定车身部分的固有频率和阻尼，和测定车轮部分的固有频率等1.汽车滑行指的是什么？试分析进行汽车滑行试验的目的。滑行是指汽车加速到某预定速度后，摘档脱开开发动机，利用汽车的动能继续行驶知道停车的过程。滑行试验的目的是为了检查汽车底盘技术状况和调整状况，同时也是在道路上测定汽车行驶阻力的方法之一。可作为室内台架试验时，设定底盘测功洗漱的依据。

2.简述专项参数测量仪的结构组成，如何检测转向盘转向阻力。结构：操纵盒，主机箱，联接叉和定位杆四部分。方法：1.顶起前桥，使左右车轮悬空，将测试已安装在被测车辆的撞向方向盘上2.启动电源开关，按下“力测”开关3.缓慢地将转向盘由一端金投诉转到另一端尽头，则仪器开始定时测量并显示仪器上的作用力矩M，4.按照下面公式算出转向盘边缘上的转动力：转动力=M/2r（N），r为被测车辆转向盘半径（m）

3.道路模拟实验机按功能可分为哪些部分？并简述其工作过程。信号产生系统，电控系统，伺服控制系统，机械执行系统，动力供给系统。工作过程：数据采集数据编辑求系统的传递函数导出初始驱动信号，迭代过程程序循环试验

第五篇：商业银行考试小抄

1.商业银行职能：信用中介，支付中介，信用创造，信息中介，金融服务。

2.供求是指在一定时期内和一定条件下，消费者愿意且有支付能力购买某种商品的数量

3.供给是指在一定时期内和一定条件下，生产者愿意并且能够为消费者提供某种商品的数量

4.GDP是指一定时期一国区域范围内生产的最终的产品及劳务的市场价值的总和

5.GNP是指一个国家所拥有的生产要素在一定的时期内所生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值总和

6.通货膨胀：在信用货币制度下，流通中的货币数量超过经济实际需要而引起的货币贬值的物价水平全面而持续的上涨

7.消费物价指数英文缩写为CPI，是根据与居民生活有关的产品及劳务价格统计出来的物价变动指标，通常作为观察通货膨胀水平的重要指标

8.财政政策指政府变动税收和支出以便影响总需求进而影响就业和国民收入的政策。

9.货币政策的最终目标，一般有四个：稳定物价、充分就业、促进经济增长和平衡国际收支等

10.一般性货币政策工具。①存款准备金制度②再贴现政策③公开市场业务，被称为中央银行的 “三大法宝”。主要是从总量上对货币供应时和信贷规模进行调节。

11.货币职能：价值尺度，流通手段，支付手段，储藏手段，世界货币。

12.货币本位是一个国家的货币制度所规定的货币基本单位及其价值标准。

13.货币需求：指社会各部门在既定的收入或财富范围内能够而且愿意以货币形式持有的货币数量

14.影响我国货币需求的因素：收入，价格，利率，货币流通速度，金融资产选择，其他因素

15.金融市场：是指以金融资产为交易对象而形成的供求关系及其机制的总和

16.金融资产：也成金融工具或有价证劵 17.根据风险发生的范围分为系统风险和非系统风险

18.根据风险承担能否给承担者带来收益，分为纯粹风险和投资风险（市场风险，信用风险，流动性风险，操作风险，法律风险）

19.金融市场的功能：货币资金融通功能，优化资源配置功能，风险分散及风险管理功能，经济调节功能，定价功能

20.金融市场主体分为投资者，筹资者，套期保值者，套利者，调控和管鉴者（政府部门，工商企业，家庭部门，金融机构以及中央银行）

21.金融市场的客体——金融工具的作用：

一、促进资金从其盈余方向向其短缺放流动：

二、使收益和风险在资金供求双方重新分布。

22.金融工具的特性：流动性，风险性，收益性 23.金融市场分为货币市场，资本市场，和其他市场，（货币：同行拆解，票据；资本：股票和债券）

24.金融市场的发展趋势：金融全球化，金融自由化，金融工程化，资产证券化

25.金融工具，短期：本票，汇票，支票，信用卡。长期：股票，债券。衍生金融工具：合约

26.凯恩斯对货币需求的研究是从对经济主体的需求动机的研究出发的。凯恩斯认为，人们对货币的需求出于三种动机：

①交易动机：为从事日常的交易支付，人们必须持有货币；

②预防动机：又称谨慎动机，持有货币以应付一些未曾预料的紧急支付；

③投机动机：由于未来利息率的不确定，人们为避免资本损失或增加资本收益，及时调整资产结构而持有货币。

在货币需求的三种动机中，由交易动机和谨慎动机而产生的货币需求均与商品和劳务交易有关，故而称为交易性货币需求（L1）。而由投机动机而产生的货币需求主要用于金融市场的投机，故称为投机性货币需求（L2）。27.金融自由化也称“金融深化”，是“金融抑制”的对称。金融自由化理论主张改革金融制度，改革政府对金融的过度干预，放松对金融机构和金融市场的限制，增强国内的筹资功能以改变对外资的过度依赖，放松对利率和汇率的管制使之市场化，从而使利率能反映资金供求，汇率能反映外汇供求，促进国内储蓄率的提高，最终达到抑制通货膨胀，刺激经济增长的目的。28.金融自由化也称“金融深化”，是“金融抑制”的对称。金融自由化理论主张改革金融制度，改革政府对金融的过度干预，放松对金融机构和金融市场的限制，增强国内的筹资功能以改变对外资的过度依赖，放松对利率和汇率的管制使之市场化，从而使利率能反映资金供求，汇率能反映外汇供求，促进国内储蓄率的提高，最终达到抑制通货膨胀，刺激经济增长的目的。

29.边际效用递减规律（the law of diminishing returns），微观经济学的基本规律之一。是指在其他投入固定不变时，连续地增加某一种投入，所新增的产出最终会减少的规律。该规律另一种等价的说法是：超过某一水平之后边际投入的边际产出下降。在一定时期内，产量的增加，会降低产品的平均固定成本，因而会使平均成本下降。这就是所谓的规模效应。但这是有条件的。这个条件就是“一定产量范围内”。由于产量的增加一定程度时，随着变动成本增加，平均可变成本也会上升。把平均固定成本和平均变动成本结合起来，在产量上升时，平均固定成本下降，平均变动成本上升，两者相互抵销。当平均变动成本的上升超过平均固定成本的下降时，平均成本就会上升。这样说来，生产规模也不是越大越好。企业与经营决策中，不仅要考虑平均成本，更要考虑边际成本。

30.一般认为，宏观经济政策的主要目标有四个：

1、持续均衡的经济增长；

2、充分就业

3、物价水平稳定；

4、国际收支平衡。

31.以上四大目标相互之间既存在互补关系，也有交替关系。互补关系是指一个目标的实现对另一个的实现有促进作用。如为了实现充分就业水平，就要维护必要的经济增长。交替关系是指一个目标的实现对另一个有排斥作用。如物价稳定与充分就业之间就存在两难选择。为了实现充分就业，必须刺激总需求，扩大就业量，这一般要实施扩张性的财政和货币政策，由此就会引起物价水平的上升。而为了抑制通货膨胀，就必须紧缩财政和货币，由此又会引起失业率的上升。又如经济增长与物价稳定之间也存在着相互排斥的关系。因为在经济增长过程中，通货膨胀已难以避免的。再如国内均衡与国际均衡之间存在着交替关系。这里的国内均衡是指充分就业和物价稳定，而国际均衡是指国际收支平衡。为了实现国内均衡，就可能降低本国产品在国际市场上的竞争力，从而不利于国际收支平衡。为了实现国际收支平衡，又可能不利于实现充分就业和稳定物价的目标。