英语专业毕业论文标题示范

第一篇：英语专业毕业论文标题示范

标题的写法

论文标题是全文内容的缩影。读者通过标题便能够预测论文的主要内容和作者的意图，从而决定是否阅读全文。因此，为了使文章赢得有关领域里众多的读者，论文的标题必须用最精炼的语言恰如其分地体现全文的主题和核心。本章主要探讨英语学术论文标题的语言特点及写法。

6.1 标题的长度

标题 单词总数 名词数 介词数 形容词等

1)Fire Resistant Steels for Construction: Design, Properties and Microchemistry 9 6 1 2

2)Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy 6 5 1 0

3)Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology: Barriers and Needs 8 5 0 3

14)Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Survey 6 4 0 2

5)Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials 7 4 1 2

6)Computer Simulation and Experimental Study on Cold Shut During Mold Filling 11 5 2 4

英语科技论文中，标题不宜过长，大多为8—12个单词左右。表6.1和表6.2列出了一些学术论文的标题的字数及词性统计资料。

表6.1 学术论文标题中字数及词性统计(一)

标题 单词总数 名词数 介词数 形容词等

7)On the Fatigue Life Prediction of Spot Welded Components 9 5 2 2

8)Absorbable Implants in Finger Fractures: A Biomechanical and Comparative Study 10 4 1 4

9)Acoustics of Long Spaces: Theory and Application 7 4 l 2

10)Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces on Out-of-Position Occupant 7 2 0

11)Semi-Integral Abutments in Bridge Seismic Design 6 3 l 2

12)High Speed Flow Sensor and Fluid Power Systems Modelling 9 7 0 2)Surface Engineering of Polymers for Biomedical Application 7 4 2 l

14)The Design of User-Oriented Database of Material Performance Based on Client/Server Model 13 7 3 3.15)Impingement Heat Transfer of Diesel Flames in a Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine 13 8 2 3

平均（约）9 5.5 1.5 2 来源：中国第三届青年学术会议论文集，材料科学与工程技术。北京：中国科学技术出版社，1998。

标 题 单词总数 名词数 介词数 形容词等

1)Use of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements by the Elderly 9 5 2 2

2)Dietary Supplement and Body Image in Female College Students 9 6 l 2

3)Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease in University Students 7 4 2 l

4)Severe Weather and the Automobile 5 2 0 3

5)Heavy Weight Contenders：a Look at Fat 7 4 1 2

6)A1uminutn：Is It Hazardous to YourHealth? 7 3 1 3

7)The Use of Technology in Higher Education Programs: a National Survey 11 5 2 4

8)Sustaining the Discussion：Ecology in the Humanities Classroom 8 4 l 3

9)Diversity in the Future WorkForce 6 4 1 l

10)Models of Sustaining Human and Natural Development in an Urban Environment 11 3 2 6

11)Variation in Acorn Production and Chemistry of Two Oak Oak Species with respect to Topography 14 8 5 1

12)Traditional Versus Adult StudiesStudents: the College Experience 8 5 0 3

13)Solving the Food Shortage Problem in Northeast and Northwest Africa Using Hydroponically Grown Peanuts & Solarly Distilled Water 18 10 1 7

14)Impact of Cancer：Coping Process and Quality of Life 9 5 2 2

标 题 单词总数 名词数 介词数 形容 词等

15)Application of Digital Image Analysis for Helping to Define the Prognosis Of Selected Malignancies 14 6 3 5

平均(约)9.5 5 1.5 3

来源：The Ohio Journal of Science Vol.96(2)

表6.1中列出的是中国科协第三届青年学术年会论文集中15篇英文论文的标题，平均9个单词。表6.2列出的是从The Ohio Journal of Science中随机挑出的15篇论文的标题，平均9．5个单词。要想用有限的字数概括全文的主旨，用词必须仔细斟酌和推敲，选择最简练、最准确、最贴切的词来表达全文的主要内容。

6.2 标题的用词

从表6.1和表6.2可以看出，标题中用得最多的是名词(包括动名词)，平均占总单词数的50％～60％之高。其中有的标题中80％以上的词为名词。除名词外，用得较多的是介词，有时使用形容词、冠词、连词、副词。

标题是对全文重要内容的高度概括，因此用词要贴切、中肯，不能有任何随意性。为了便于检索，标题中所用的词尽量使用表达全文内容的关键词，下面举例说明标题中关键词的出现率。例1

a． 标题：On the Fatigue Life Prediction of Spot Welded Components

b．

关键词：fatigue spotweld automobile life prediction ·

疲劳 点焊 汽车 寿命预测

b．标题：Computer Simulation and Experimental Study On Cold Shut During Mold Filling

关键词：mold filling computer simulation cold shut casting

铸件充型 计算机模拟 冷隔 铸造

c．标题：Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces on Out-of Position Occupant

关键词：air bag out-of-position occupant

安全气囊 离位乘员

c． 标题：New Fatigue Test and Statistical Method for Metallic Materials Used in Vehicle Transmissions

关键词：fatigue test statistical method test specimens

疲劳实验 统计方法 试样分析：

例1a中，有4个关键词，在标题里出现了3个，而标题中出现的两个名词词组fatigue life prediction 和 spot welded components都是文章的关键词。

在例1b中，有4个关键词，其中3个出现在标题里。标题中用了4个名词词组：computer simulation，experimental study，cold shut，mold filling，其中3个是关键词。

例1c中有2个关键词，在标题里都出现。标题中用了3个名词或名词词组：investigation，air bags deployment forces，out-of-position occupant，其中两个是关键词。

例1d中有3个关键词，其中2个出现在标题里。

从上面四个例子可以看出，标题中的用词多是文章的关键词，明确、精炼，将文章的主要内容予以高度概括。

标题中用得最多的是名词或名词词组，一般不用动词或动词词组。如果用动词，则用非谓语动词形式，如动名词、不定式或分词。

从表6.1和表6.2可以看出，在标题平均9个单词中，有5.5个是名词，占一半以上。除名词外，用得较多的是介词of，in，on等，再其次是连词and和形容词。偶尔也需要用一些其他词性的词，如副词、冠词等。

6.3 标题的结构

学术文章的标题主要有三种结构：名词性词组(包括动名词)，介词词组，名词词组+介词词组。间或也用一个疑问句作标题(多用在人文社会科学领域)，但一般不用陈述句或动词词组作标题。

(1)名词性词组

名词性词组由名词及其修饰语构成。名词的修饰语可以是形容词、介词短语，有时也可以是另一个名词。名词修饰名词时，往往可以缩短标题的长度。以下各标题分别由两个名词词组构成。

例2

a．Severe Weather and the Automobile

(名词词组)(名词词组)

b．Soil Behavior and Critical Soil Mechanics

(名词词组)(名词词组)

c．High Speed Flow Sensor and Fluid Power Systems Modelling

(名词词组)(名词词组)

d．Traditional Versus Adult Studies Students: the College

(名词词组)(名词词组)

Experience

(2)介词词组

介词词组由介词十名词或名词词组构成。如果整个标题就是一个介词词组的话，一般这个介词是“on”，意思是“对……的研究”。

例3

a． On the Distribution of Sound in a Corridor

b． On the Crushing Mechanism of Thin Walled Structures

(3)名词／名词词组+介词词组这是标题中用得最多的结构。

例4

a．Fundamentals of Flow Measurement ．

(名词)(介词词组)

b．Scattered Sound and Reverberation on Gity Streets and in Tunnels

(名词词组)(介词词组)

c．Dietary Supplement and Body Image in Female College Students

(名词词组)(名词词组)(介词词组)

d．Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease in University Students

(名词)(介词词组)(介词词组)

e．Diversity in the Future Work Force

(名词)(介词词组)

f．Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials

(名词)(介词词组)

g．Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy

(名词词组)(介词词组)

h．Acoustics of Long Spaces：Theory and Application

(名词)(介词词组)(名词词组)

i.Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces

(名词)(介词词组)

on Out-of-Position Occupant

(介词词组)

j.Models of sustaining Human and Natural Development

(名词)(介词词组)in an Urban Environment

(介词词组)

标题中的介词词组一般用来修饰名词或名词词组，从而限定某研究课题的范围。这种结构与中文的“的”字结构相似，区别是中文标题中修饰语在前，中心词在后。英文正好相反，名词在前，而作为修饰语的介词短语在后。

例5

a． Progress on Fuel Cell and lts Materials

燃料电池及其材料进展

b． Computer Simulation and Experimental Study On Co1d Shut During Mold Filling

铸件充型中冷隔过程计算机模拟及其实验研究

c.On the Fatigue Life Prediction of Spot Welded Components 点焊汽车构件疲劳寿命预测

c． Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces on Out-Of-Position Occupant

安全气囊对离位乘员作用力的分析与研究

(4)其他形式

对于值得争议的问题，偶尔可用疑问句作为论文的标题，以点明整个论文讨论的焦点。

例6

a． Do Electromagnetic Fields Affect the Way Plants Grow?

b． Do Specific Ambient Odors Enhance Short Term Memory Function?

c．130 Heterotrophic Protozoa Release Major Quantities Of Dissolved Organic Phosphorous in Lake Water?

有的标题由两部分组成，用冒号(：)隔开。一般来说，冒号前面一部分是研究的对象、内容或课题，比较笼统，冒号后面具体说明研究重点或研究方法。这种结构可再分为三种模式。

模式1 研究课题：具体内容

例7

a． Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology：Barriers and Needs

b． Fire Resistant Steels for Construction：Design，Properties and Microchemistry

c．Acoustics of Long Spaces Theory and Application

d．Impact of Cancer：Coping Process and Quality of Life

模式2 研究课题：方法／性质

例8

a． Solid Oxide Fuel Cell：A Survey

b.Absorbable Implants in Finger Fractures.A Biomechanical and Comparative Study

c.The Use of Technology in Higher Education Programs: a National Survey

d.Development of New Public Water Supply Well-fields Using Electromagnetic Conductance: Two Case Studies

模式 3 研究课题：问题焦点

a.Aluminum: Is It Hazardous to Your Health? b.Noise: Good? Bad? Maybe Both?

c.Manure: Friend or Foe?

思考题

下面这写论文标题是否合适？如果不合适，请修改。

1.Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music

2.Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans

3.How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land

4.Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education

5.The Single Community Concept: A Model for Adult Environmental Education

6.Physics and Art: Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered

7.Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices

8.Yellow Fever's Effect on Transportation and Commerce

9.The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compared with Educational Goals for Science

10.A Qualitative / Quantitative Analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Cornell University

11.The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability

to the Mentally Ill, Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Populations: A Statistical Analysis

参考答案

下面这写论文标题是否合适？如果不合适，请修改。

1.Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music(合适)

2.Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans(不合适）

改为 :Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans

3.How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land（不合适)

该为: Using Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land

4.Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education(不合适)

该为: Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education 5.The Single Community Concept: A Model for Adult Environmental Education(合适)

6.Physics and Art: Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered（不合适）

改为: Physics and Art: Uncovering Conceptual Linkages

7.Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices(不合适)

该为 :Use of Diamond for Electric Devices

8.Yellow Fever's Effect on Transportation and Commerce(合适）

9.The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compared with Educational Goals for Science(不合适)

改为: The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science

10.A Qualitative / Quantitative analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Comell University(合适)

11.The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill, Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Populations: A Statistical Analysis(不合适)

该为: The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill, Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and AIDS Populations: A Statistical Analysis

第二篇：外文电影标题的翻译英语专业毕业设计毕业论文

On the Translation of Film Titles

Abstract The translation of film titles has become a popular phrase in modern life.As is known to all, how to translate the film titles has become a controversial topic in the field of translationfor a long time.Translation of foreign movies, to which the translation of their titles is vital, is viewed as a direct and easy way of introducing the foreign.This essay, combining the characteristic of the movies’ content with several considering factors, focuses on the linguistic and cultural differences between the west and east and the effect of titles on the audience.At the same time, this essay introduces four translating methods to pilot the translation of movies’ titles, including literal translation, free translation and transliteration.Key Words:film titles, film ofcultivation, literal translation, free translation,transliteration

Contents

Abstract.........................................................................................................I 1.Introduction……………………………………………………………..1 2.Considering factors of translation film titles………………………....1 2.1.Style and characteristic of film title…………………………………….2 2.2.Film of cultivation……………………………………………………....2 2.3.Film of commerce value………………………………………………...3 2.4.Some notions on the translation of film titles……………………...........4 2.4.1.Translator as a dispenser role on the translation of film titles………...4 2.4.2.Audience as an acceptant role on the translation of film titles………..4 3.Several methods of translation of film title.............................................5 3.1.Literal translation of film title…………………………………………...5 3.2.Transliteration of film title………………………………………………6 3.3.Free translation of film title……………………………………………...6 4.Several methods of free translation 4.1.Method of add words................................................................................................4.2.Method of change film title......................................................................................4.2.4.According to standpoint of film............................................................................4.2.2.According to emotion of film...............................................................................4.2.3.According to character of film..............................................................................4.2.1.According to plot of film......................................................................................5.Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….8 6.Bibliography…………………………………………………………..…………..10

Chapter 1 Introduction Film is artistic form of showing voice and picture that loved by the people.Nowadays, west films are so popular in Chinese market that translation of film become more and more important, but the first important is translation of film title.The film title just like eyes of revealing one’ personality, to make people want to see the movie.what’more, film title just like a film’ door.It contains not only film’s content but also the film title need brief, novel, and attract audience to go into the cinema.How to translate the film title is vital.When translate the film title, we go deep into understanding film’ content and style, paying attention to language, differences between west and east culture.These help to transmit information and arouse sense of beauty.In process of transmitting word, we keep exquisite words, precise and to the point, fathom to words and sentences, finally, keeping the balance of former film and free translation.In my essay, firstly I will talk about several factors of film title such as culture,style and characteristic of film title.The second part, Iwill show three methods translation of film title-literal translation free translation and transliteration.The three part, I mainly analysis free translation by change words, add words and reduce words.At last, I will sum up all the paper.Chapter 2 translation film title’ considering factors 2.1 style and characteristic of film title Different themes of film have different style.According to different style of film, the film title express film’ content, arouse people wonderful imagination and desire of seeing the film.1.Film of police and action

The style of film is thrilling and irritating to give people to be concerned about.For example: The Rock《石破惊天》，The French Connection《法国贩毒网》 2．Film of love and emotion The style of film is not only romantic and sentimental, but also sorrow and moving to make people think over.For example: A walk in the clouds《云中漫步》, Shakespeare in Love《恋爱中的莎士比亚》

3．Film of science and magic The style of film is fantastic and terrified to describe not real magic world.For example: Batman《蝙蝠侠》，E.T.《外星人》，the JurassicPark 《侏罗纪公园》

4.Film of comedy

The style of film make cheerful related and humorous atmosphere to stress comedy style.For example: Mrs.Doubt fire 《窈窕奶爸》，The Mask 《变相怪杰》 5.Film of terror The style of film plays up scare and astonished atmosphere with impact of sight.For example: The Ring 《午夜凶铃》，Scream《夺命狂呼》

2.2 film of cultivation

Translation is not only the process of transmitting the words and sentences, but also is the social phenomenon of cultural communication.As film of west often contained national literature, history, philosophy, religion and custom in cultural system and difference ideology of east and west, so film title must think about different culture.Translation of film title should also translate culture to make people understand all the film.But culture should choose, intensify and add our culture.This is a example about a film“Waterloo Bridge” literal translate《滑铁卢桥》，but the film title make people associate with 拿破仑defeat 威灵顿, it located nearby 比利时布鲁塞尔.In fact, the story in film happened in London and former told about gunfire licks the heaven in battlefield, the latter told about moving and sorrow love story.So according to all the content, the writer change the film title《滑铁卢桥》instead of 《魂断蓝桥》.Because this film title make people feel more sincere and Chinese people know about this the latter story.However, when we translate film title, we must think about culture.Sometimes, original film titles don’tcontain some cultural phenomenon that is not familiar by Chinese people.But in order to cater to their custom and taste, we often use free translation of film title.For example, The Great Walt《翠堤春晓》，The Red Shoes《红菱艳》，The Bathing Beauty《出水芙蓉》and so on.These film titles show implied beauty and taste of plain by cultural characteristic feature.There are another film contained custom and culture, such as Love with My Father《天伦乐》，The Wedding Night《洞房花烛夜》.Otherwise, idiom and quotation from classics also contain much cultural information.We don’t translate these in literal translation but we should analysis connotation, or else we often make mistakes and expose other people to ridicule.For example, the film title“One Flew over The Cuckoo’s Nest”,cuckoo not only means a bird with characteristic cry and laying eggs in nests of small birds but also means crazy.The film content tells about mental hospital to reflect social problem in 1960s.If we only translate the surface meaning《飞越杜鹃窝》,we make a mistake in idiom.The best film title is《飞越疯人院》.In the same way, different cultures make people different imagination about content, so translator should cautious attitude to analysis film.Such as “Dragon Heart”, because of dragon standard for devil in English but standard for emperor in Chinese, so we keep film title《魔龙传奇》.2.3 film of commerce value Film is a work of art which mixed with civilization and commercialization.So when we translate film title, we also think about commerce factor.If we want to come true the commerce value, the most important is that the translator should grasp audience of cultural feature and aesthetic appreciation to create the most popular film title.On one hand, film title evokes similar feeling in people mind to stir up audience have a desire of seeing the movie.On the other hand, film title should original and attractive, at the same time, making some nervous atmosphere and produce many fancies in audience minds.For example, Sister Act《修女也疯狂》 The Terminator《魔鬼终结者》The Other《小岛惊魂》，these film titles are attractive to suit both refined and popular taste and successfully realize to combine civilization with commercialization, raising box-office value.In order to these aims, realization of commerce value demand venturous creation, but not ought to keep intemperate and vulgar.If we seek wealth and effect of box-office excessively, maybe we get negative influence.2.4 Some notions on the translation of film titles

A film title is of the same importance to the film as the face to a person.If the face you see is beautiful that your impression of him or her will be good, too.So the designers of the film titles—the translators bear a load to satisfy different layers of different audiences.Good translation is a culture, which is certainly an enjoyment to people.Whereas, the audiences as the receivers of the film titles will become the right respond to the translations of the film titles.Both of them are important to the translations of the film titles.2.4.1Translator as a dispenser role on the translation of film titles

The translation isn’t come down without the translators’ hard working.For this reason, on the translation of film titles, translators simplify the translation to achieve brief and to the point.It is also a kind of creating while the translators are doing the translation works.The same film title will have different translations owing to the different translator’s.Every one has his own idea, experience and knowledge.They translate the titles according to their own understanding.So that’s the reason why we say that the translators bear a load to satisfy different layers of different audiences.Due to these reasons, it is sure that these translators have a chance to sit together and discuss the future development of the film titles.Now there aren’t people who get a whole system as the principles of the film titles’ translation.2.4.2 Audience as an acceptant role on the translation of film titles Film titles are restricted by the original titles.Since they are shot for the audiences, it is necessary to motivate the audiences’ interests.However, once the audiences do not possess any historical knowledge or literary cultivation, the translations of these film titles will lose their value of exist.The translations of the film titles are better to be both refined and popular tastes.And it’s also important that the audiences would be active to accept the foreign culture.In the views of the audiences, the translations of the film titles appear that there aren’t any principles to obey.Chapter3 several methods of translation of film title 3.1 literal translation of film title

Some film titles need not be considered and designed again by the translators, just use literal translation that can get the maximum effect transmitting the original meaning and keeping the unity of the original naming and content of the film titles.Sometimes, the orders of the translated film titles are the same as the original ones, which are seen clearly to the audiences.Literal translation can keep the form, meaning and information of the film titles to be closely to the original film titles.For examples, the translation of the western film titles “Beauty and Beast”(《美女与野兽》), “The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King”(《指环王3：王者归来》), “Snow White”(《白雪公主》), “Sleeping Beauty”(《睡美人》), “March of the Penguins”(《帝企鹅日记》), “Crocodile Dundee”(《鳄鱼邓迪》), “Madam Currie”(《居里夫人》), “Stigmata”(《圣痕》), “The Passion of the Christ”(《耶稣受难记》), “The Last Temptation of Christ”(《基督最后的诱惑》)and so forth, people can see from the examples above that it must use literal translation especially with regard to the historical figures and events or religious and ethical concerns which they are familiar with.People should notice that other film titles, which are adapted from famous books, also employ the literal translation.For example, “The Old Man and the Sea”(《老人与海》), “The Godfather”(《教父》), “Anna Karenina”(《安娜·卡列尼娜》).One reason is to avoid the misunderstanding of the audiences who may be strange to them, and the other reason is that the effect of famous books’ titles can attract the eyes of the audiences.Most film title adapt from several masterworks.After adapting film title, film becomes popular with the help of masterwork’s charm and effectiveness.So when these masterworks translate other foreign words to introduce reader, reader remember these films deeply through masterwork’s name.At the same time, it is convenient and natural by change art form of masterwork into film title that film title adapt from script of masterwork.Because writer literal translate masterwork’s name, so film title still keep original name.These film title prove the fact: 《百万英镑》A Million Pounds Note

《双城记》Tales of Two Cities 《教夫》The Godfather

《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of Venice 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》Uncle Tom's Cabin

《战争与和平》War and Peace 《看得见风景的房间》A Room with a View《爱情故事》Love Story 《沉默的羔羊》The Silence of Lamb

《云中漫步》A Walk in the Clouds 《西线无故事》All Quiet on the Western Front《灵与肉》Blood and Soul 《与狼共舞》Dances with Wolves

《音乐之声》Sound of Music 《英国人与疯狗》Englishmen and Crazy Dogs 《真实的谎言》True Lies 《四个婚礼一个葬礼》Four Weddings and a Funeral 《阳光下的罪恶》Evil under the Sun In all words, literal translation of film title keep original name concisely and show film content obviously to attract audience’s curiosity..3.2 Transliterationof film title.Transliteration is a method that changes original language of pronunciation form into aim language of pronunciation form.For concerned name and history that audiences are familiar with people and place.Translatorsusually remain original rhythm of film title and some other country’s special features with transliteration.Moreover, film helps us to communicate culture, to expand audiences’ visual fields and to attract many audiences.For example, Casablanca《卡萨布兰卡》，Titanic《泰坦尼克号》 Harry Potter《哈里·波特》and so on.We keep original film titles to use transliteration especially many film titles adapt from famous work.As we hope that film show a typical nature in typical circumstances.Especially use the name as film title such as Eyre《简爱》Romeo and Juliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，Nixon《尼克松》，Gandhi《甘地》, Toss《苔丝》，Oliver《奥立弗》，The Cassandra Crossing 《卡桑德拉大桥》

Of course, not of all film titles about people names and place names use transliteration.We should base on audience’s culture and customs.3.3 Free translation of film title

Translation isn’t a process to change one language to the other.But the original film titles of western countries are always concise and implied.These enhance the difficulties in translation.And people who like western films won’t understand them quickly when they see them at the first sight.Yet, if translation is good enough it can help them to master the essence and imagine the plots of the film.And it can arouse their desire to see the film.When translators set about their works, they are hesitant to translate creatively.The assumption is to play safe;one would do well to give a ‘faithful’ rendering.If there is no creativeness in the advertisements, the advertisements are doomed to die.That is also suitable to the translation of film titles.The public is becoming serious to the qualities of the films with the improvement of people’s life.The film titles are specially the heart of films.Therefore, the translations of film titles need the translators to do their best because of the different cultures of the different countries.Many people considered that the translations of film titles are complicated.The reasons are that the original titles of western countries are always literary.However, it’s cursory if we translate them word-by-word into Chinese.Let’s take some films titles as examples, like “Mr.Holland’s Opus”, “Walk the Line”, “Lila and Stitch”, “The Incredible”, “A Bug’s Life”, “Chicken Run”, “Garfield”, “Tarzan”, “The Wizard of Oz”, “Best in Show”，are translated into(《春风化雨》),(《一往无前》),(《星际宝贝》),(《超人特攻队》),(《虫虫危机》),(《小鸡快跑》),(《加菲猫》),(《人猿泰山》),(《绿野仙踪》),(《宠物狗大赛》).The Chinese audiences wouldn’t have the same feeling with the foreign audiences when they see these original film titles.They keep this doubt until the translations of the film titles are discovered.It comes the right time that they understand the naming suddenly.Precondition all the content and form of the films, it’s the key point to translate a film title.Besides, the translator himself must possess abundant cultural knowledge and steady linguistic plane.So the translators ought to elaborate a plan to change the original titles accordingly.Like “Mr.Holland’s Opus”, an American film, this narrates a story about an ordinal musical teacher: Mr.Holland.Mr.Holland contributed 30 years’ life to teach his students.Not for money and for fame.All his students are deeply affected by him.A correct comparison is for him in the film: the leader of a symphony orchestra.And every student is one of his notes, his opus.If we use literal translation, it must be(《贺兰先生的作品》).It looks so bad for the awful translation.But the translator applies all his wit to deepen its meaning and translate it into(《春风化雨》).This is plentiful to reveal us the devotion of a teacher.Because “春风化雨” is usually a parable to the good education.Thus successful example isn’t only this.Film acted by American actor JimCarrey who is good at changing his facial expression freely—“The Mask”(《变相怪杰》).Everyone guess that this born comic actor might have a colorful act in this film according to the absorbing film title.But the audiences wouldn't associate it with the humor of JimCarrey if the film title is translated into “面具”.There is no doubt that the commercial factor plays a very important role on the translation of these film titles.But once they suit the whole theme of the films, no one will accuse them.Another Cartoon film “Chicken Run”, which was known to many cartoon filmgoers.If people translate it only by the literal meaning “小鸡跑步”.Obviously, it will be less attractive than“小鸡快跑”.This translation gives people a nervous and busy atmosphere.Good work appeals to everyone.Hence, there being a scene of pouring into the cinemas aren’t odd to bystanders.Films are sometimes regarded as a kind of literary work.Isn’t it quite right? People will read the good works again and again and still treasure them.A good film arouses people’s will to see them again and again, too.Here someone might bring forward a question that why these cartoon films originally aimed at catching children’s eyes actually inclined to canvass more grown-ups.After all, the words “cartoon films” are for children from the literal meaning.We also know that children just like the colors and the figures of the cartoon films.They don’t care about the translation of the film titles.So the real purpose of the translation is to draw the grown-ups’ attention.We can say that they go cinemas or guide children to cinemas.But the fact isn’t neglected that some film titles use free translation to have the opposite effect.A film called “Moulin Rouge”, which was shown on the year 2001.It is translated in free translation(《梦断花都》)when it was introduced to China.The translation of this film title discards the meaning of the original film title that is seen to disrespect the foreign culture.At the same time, the translators who translated this film underestimate the audiences’ plane of understanding the foreign culture.We should translate it into literary(《红磨坊》)，thus suit the demands of people who want to further know about the background of this film.The free translation(《梦断花都》)make the Chinese audiences feel at sea.The last example here related to the literal translation.Can people just use free translation when translating the film titles and ignoring the literal meaning of film titles, which might transmit the information of original meaning?

Chapter4 several methods of free translation 4.1 method of add words Because of different culture, we often need change a little original film title.In fact, some modify make the film title excellent.For example,《杨家将》The Yang Saga.It is a story about all members in family Yang sacrifice to national country.Although the story is very familiar with Chinese audiences, foreign audiences know nothing at all.So translator add a word“saga”，making the film title suitable.4.2 method of change film title Changing the film content and film form into the new feature, the phenomenon is very common in translation of film title.To concrete say, film title can divide into four styles: 4.2.1 according to plot of film Fugitive《亡命天涯》 Bad Boys《绝地战警》 Uncovered《古画》

Hamlet《王者复仇记》

4.2.2according to emotion of film

Coming to America 《纽约之恋》 Tender Mercies《情暖童心》 It Happened One Night《一夜风流》 Waterloo Bridge《魂断蓝桥》 The Bridge of Madison County《廊桥遗梦》

4.2.3 according to character of film Great Expectations《远大前程》 Gone with the Wind《乱世佳人》 Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》 Eraser《毁灭者》 Home Alone《小鬼当家》

4.2.4 according to standpoint of film From Here to Eternity《乱世忠魂》Mission Impossible《最高机密》The Rock《石破天惊》 Jumanji《勇敢者的游戏》

Chapter5 Conclusion The translation of the film titles is a special process of re-creation.It isn’t simple to obey the content and the forms of the original titles, but a hard exploration to the film themes, social problems, the ethnic association and national condition.So finding the balance between literal translation and free translation is rational to the translation of film titles.Owing to the diversities of the west and the east, the westerners’ opinions towards the translation are naturally different from the easterners.We wouldn’t only see a part of the film and rush into translating it into literal translation or free translation.This act is irresponsible.Translation is also a process of cultural communication owing to the differences of the principles of the translation, the linguistic customs of the foreign countries and the characteristics of the film titles.That is not only to the audiences, but also to the translators themselves.Translators should make every efforts with carefulness to benefit the entertainment culture of the public and thus to benefit the translations of film titles.After all, the purpose of the film is to satisfy the audiences, the films businessmen and to get maximum income.Different film titles require different translation methods.People should take all factors into consideration.In all, there are many challenges for us to translate the film titles, thus we should combine with the practice of the translation.If we master the trick of the translation of film titles, everything becomes easy.Bibliography 1.贺莺.电影片名的翻译理论和方法.外语教学,2001,1 2.林秋云 外国电影片名翻译简论 上海科技翻译 1996.3 3.宁之寿 谈电影片名的翻译 中国科技翻译 1997 4.周新平黄开胜 电影片名的英汉互译 黑龙江农垦师专学报2002.1 5.全春阳.论欧美影片译名的意境美[J].辽宁大学学报, 2005, 1.P103

6.张发勇.Translation of Movie Titles—from a functional perspective [J].广西 大学梧州分校学报, 2002,4.7.李颜.从文化观的角度谈影视翻译[J].湖南大学学报（社科）,2005, 3.8.郝丽萍 实用英语翻译理论与实践 机械工业出版社 2006，7

Acknowledgements

First of all, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my tutor – Mrs.Wang Ruiz, for all the help she has offered me during the preparation and writing of this paper and for all the pains she took in reading and correcting my drafts.It is obvious that without her patient instruction, helpful suggestions and constant encouragement, I could not have fulfilled this task as successfully as I wished.Secondly, I wish to express my thanks to all those who have helped me in the preparation of this thesis.In the past two months, I have received considerable help from the teachers, and the other faculty members and the other students in different departments of university, without which, the completion of this paper would have been impossible.Finally, I am also grateful to all my teachers who have taught me how to study and what to learn, which helped me a lot in the writing of the paper.And I would also like to thank all my fellow classmates, who have given me great support in the course of the paper writing and during all four college years.

第三篇：英语专业毕业论文

contents

Abstract in English.....................1

Key words in English........................1

Abstract in Chinese....................1

Key words in Chinese.......................1

I.Introduction......................2

II.The definition of idiom in both languages.................2

III.The pattern of idiom in both languages.............3

IV.Chinese and English idioms related to “lucky”and”taboo” numbers..........4

4.1 Chinese idioms related to “lucky”and”taboo” numbers........4

1.lucky numbers(3，6，8，10)...............4

2.taboo numbers(4，5，7)...............6

4.2English idioms related to “lucky”and”taboo” numbers..........7

1.lucky numbers(3，7，8，9).................7

2.taboo numbers(13，6，周五).....................8

V.Causes of differences between Chinese and English numerical idioms........9 5.1 Factor of Geography.....................9

5.2 Religious Differences..................10

5.3 Factor of History...................10

5.4 Fables and mythology..................11

VI.Conclusion......................12

Bibliography.........................13

第四篇：英语专业毕业论文

从英汉文化的差异简析英语习语翻译

摘要：习语是语言的精华，具有其独特的文化特色。本文从英汉地理环境，风俗习俗，宗教信仰，价值观念的差异出发，讨论了习语在这各个层次上体现出来的文化差异，提出了习语英汉互译的几种翻译方式。

关键词：英汉习语文化差异翻译

语言既是文化的载体，文化的映像，又是文化的一部分，它容纳了文化的各个方面，反映了文化的所有内容;同是它也受到文化的制约。不同民族的语言，因物质环境和所处地域不同，社会文化的哲学渊源不同，也必然存在各自独特的民族个性，因此人类文化因差异的存在而就有了交流的必要。在语言这一民族文化的魁宝中，习语是其中最夺目的一颗明珠，是语言的精华，是人们在长期的劳动和生活中创造出来的、形象生动的、固定的句子和短语，体现了民族的价值观念、社会风俗、思维方式。习语和其文化有着密不可分的关系，由于历史、地理、宗教信仰、生活习俗等方面的差异，英汉习语也承载着不同的文化信息。本文试从英汉文化差异的四个方面来探讨英语习语的翻译。

(一)地理环境的差异

由于生活空间，生活方式和环境等各方面的差异，不同的民族对同一事物的看法各有不同，英国是一个岛国，畜牧业，航海，渔业都十分发达，而汉族则在亚洲大陆生活繁衍，人们生活在土

地上。因此，地理环境的差异对习语有很大的影响，如英语中的 spend money like wate,用来比喻花钱浪费，大手大脚，而汉语则是“挥金如土”，英国地处北温带，夏季气候凉爽宜人，因此英国的许多诗人常把夏天与可爱，美好等词语联系起来，在沙翁的一首著名的十四行诗中，把爱人比作夏天，“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate”,而在汉语文化氛围中，夏天常常是与酷暑炎热联系起来，如“骄阳似火”，“赤日炎炎似火烧”等。也由于环境的差异，两民族间对“东风”“西风”的理解也截然不同，中国人喜欢东风，它是春天的风，象征着“温暖”，而“西风”则象征着荒凉之意，如“西风凛冽”。但在英国却恰恰相反，“东风”是从欧洲大陆吹来的，象征“寒冷”，令人感到不愉快，如“When the wind is in the east, it’s good for neither man nor beast”,而西风才是从海洋吹来的温暖湿润的风，所以英国人喜欢“西风”，英语著名浪漫诗人雪莱就曾写过一首佳作《西风颂》，“if winter comes,can spring be far behind”？

（二）民俗文化差异

任何一个民族在其发展过程中，往往都有自己独特的社会生活状况和世情风俗，如汉语习语中的“小菜一碟”用吃小菜来形容一件事情的容易性，而英语习语则用“a piece of cake”用一块蛋糕来表示容易做到的事情；再如对“狗”这个词在英汉文化中也有很大的差异，西方人爱狗，对狗的感情不亚于对人的感

情，说人幸运可以说他是个“Lucky dog”,说人会有出头之日就说“Every dog has his day”，但在汉文化中“狗”多半用于贬义词，如“狗胆包天”，“狼心狗肺”，“狗仗人势”等；又如“亚洲四小龙”，英译为“four Asian tigers”，而不能译为“four Asian dragons”，这是因为西方人认为“dragon”(龙)是邪恶的象征，是凶残的怪物，是罪恶恐怖的象征，是不详之兆，但在汉文化中“龙”是中华民族的象征，代表着一种气势磅礴的民族精神，因此在汉语中就常听到“望子成龙”这个词语。

(三)宗教信仰的差异

宗教是一种文化现象，在个民族的历史发展中有着重大的影响。英国长期以来深受希腊，罗马和基督教文化的影响，认为世界是上帝创造的，世上的一切都是按上帝的旨意来办的，而中国文化则深受佛教，道教的影响，因此宗教信仰上的差异也反映在习语上，在西方如：“God help those who help themselves”（上帝帮助自助的人），“God be with you”（上帝与你同在），“Go to hell”（下地狱去），而在东方如：“借花献佛”，“闲时不烧香，临时抱佛脚”，“道高一尺魔高一丈”等等。

(四)价值观念的差异

由于各民族生活在不同的文化背景中，人们逐渐形成了不同的思维方式和社会心态，英美价值观念的主线是个人主义，崇尚个人相对社会的独立自主性，突出个人，强调个人的奋斗和成就，受个人本位价值观念的影响，英美人士都十分重视个人的隐

私，如年龄，收入，宗教信仰及私人住宅等均属个人隐私范围，如“An Englishman’s home is his castle”（英国人的家是独立王国）,而另一方面，从传统上讲，中国人比较推崇集体主义价值观，这是中国文化的主线，如“一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮”，“众人拾柴火焰高”等。

二．英汉习语的翻译方法

习语的翻译不仅要求忠实的传达原文的语言意义，还要能准确的阐述其原作的文化内涵，因此要求译者应当在充分理解习语所包涵的文化信息基础上，用目的语把这些文化信息表达出来，并能得到目的语读者的认同。

（一）直译法

由于一国语言中的习语最能直接反映该国民族文化，传统习俗等各种特色，直译就有它的特殊重要性，这种译法能再现原文的风貌和文化，传达出原文的形式，意义和精神，向读者展示原语文化内涵，英语中的“armed to the teeth”，“a rolling stone gathers no moss”等分别直译为“武装到牙齿”，“滚石不生苔”等，而汉语中的“丢面子”“纸老虎”则分别直译为“lose face”，“paper tiger”。

(二)意译法

在跨文化交际时，会碰到大量表现出迥异语言文化特征的习语即非对应关系的习语，这类习语就不能互相直译，而应弄清它们的文化内涵和实际含义，根据上下文适当处理，先达意后传神，如“eat one’s words”，汉语应译为“收回说过的话，承认前言有失，说错了”。

(三)直译加意译法

为了更准确，有效地表达原意，译者可以使用直译加意译的方式来翻译习语，这种译法能保持原文的比喻形象，同时又能清楚的表达寓意，如“laugh off one’s head”译为“笑掉大牙”，“break the earth”“译为破土动工”，再如“棺材上画老虎---吓死人”，译为“Painting a tiger on a coffin---(lit)to frighten the dead,(pun)to frighten to death”，此例，直译“to frighten to death”和意译“to frighten to death”并用，更清楚地将汉语的这一歇后语介绍给英国读者。

(四)套译法

由于文化背景不同，原文的形象有时不符合中国习语，如

果直译出来就会颇为难解，这时就可以借用汉语成语来翻译，如：“All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill”译为“有情人终成眷属”，这种方法不仅可以保留原语的形象和风格，而且符合目标语的语言习惯，简单易懂，可以让读者轻松地理解原文所要表达的含义，从而实现跨文化的交流。再如“six of one and half a dozen of the other ”译成“半斤八两”，“a bolt from the blue”译成“晴天霹雳”，在使用套译法翻译时，一定要注意成语浓厚的民族地方色彩。

综上所述，在英语学习中，只有更多的了解两种语言的地

理环境，民俗文化，宗教信仰，价值观念的差异，才能正确理解习语所包含的文化语义，体现出语篇中的文化内涵，利用适当的翻译方法，再现出原文语词的文化意蕴，从而真正实现英汉文化的沟通。

参考文献：

（1）

（2）

（3）

（4）

（5）

邓炎昌刘润清，语言与文化(M)北京外语教学与研究出版社1989 张若兰，英汉习语的特点及其文化差异（J）西安外国语学院学报2003 邹秋娟，论习语的翻译方法（J）读与写2007 吴瑾瑾，实用英汉翻译（M）复旦大学出版社2005平洪张国扬，英语习语与英美文化（M）北京 外语教育与研究出版社1999

第五篇：英语专业毕业论文

乐山师范学院文学与新闻学院

2006级本科生毕业论文工作实施方案

毕业论文工作是实现本科培养目标、全面检验学生综合素质与实践能力的主要手段，是学生毕业及学位资格认证的重要依据。做好毕业论文工作，对提高本科毕业生的全面素养具有重要意义。我校本科人才培养计划规定，本科生必须撰写毕业论文，论文合格方能获得学士学位。我院2006级本科生毕业论文工作将遵照《乐山师范学院本科生毕业论文工作规程》、《乐山师范学院文学与新闻学院2006级本科生毕业论文（设计）工作安排》，并结合我院的实际情况，规范运作，灵活实施。为了加强对文学与新闻学院本科生毕业论文的指导工作，特制定以下实施方案。

一、组织领导：

领导小组负责对毕业论文工作的领导和管理。

组长：吉仕梅

副组长：任志萍、熊泽文

成员：熊文、杨泽勇、各教研室主任

二、时间安排：

论文选题在第六期16-17周完成，开题报告、论文提纲应在第七期1--4周内完成。新闻专业应在第七期5—12周完成毕业论文撰写，第七期13---15完成毕业论文答辩。汉语言文学、对外汉语专业于第八期开学第1---6周完成毕业论文的撰写，第8-13周完成毕业论文的评阅，答辩、评审工作。

三、指导教师资格和指导教师的聘任程序：

毕业论文的指导教师原则上由我院讲师以上的教师担任，由领导小组聘任。学生选择非我院的本校教师为指导教师，由领导小组批准，以文新学院的名义聘任；学生选择非我校人员为指导教师，应报经领导小组审查资格，合格者以文新学院的名义聘任。

系上公布指导教师的专业方向和课题指南后，学生自愿报名选择指导教师，领导小组可酌情调整，确定之后予以公布。原则上一名教师指导的学生人数不应超过10个。

四、论文指导的一般要求：指导教师在指导学生写作论文期间，对学生进行的当面指导应不少于5次。平均每次指导时间应不少于1课时，每次当面指导的内容大致提出以下建议：

第一次：在学生阅读和积累资料的基础上，确定论文题目。题目可由学生自拟，也可由指导教师提供意见。指导教师要和学生讨论选题的目的、意义、解决的问题等。学生查阅相关资料后，写出开题报告。

第二次：学生交开题报告，开题报告需经指导老师和院毕业论文指导小组审查同意后方可开题。在指导老师指导下学生进一步完善开题报告，并正式确定论文题目。导师就论文的结构、各部分的内容、写作的思路、文献查阅等进行指导。要求学生在指导后查阅资料，写出论文提纲。

第三次：学生交论文提纲，讨论、修改论文提纲。教师要指导论文的具体写作（包括论文写作的基本格式、引文、注释和参考文献等的学术规范）要求学生写出论文初稿。

第四次：学生交论文初稿，讨论、修改论文的初稿，教师提出具体的修改、完善意见。

第五次：学生交论文定稿，教师审查论文定稿，在学生的毕业论文登记表上填写评语、登记成绩并签字。

五、论文写作要求与成绩评定：

1、学生必须在教师的指导下独立、按时完成论文的写作，不得抄袭他人成果。如果发现抄袭、代写等行为，按《乐山师院文学与新闻学院关于杜绝本科生毕业论文抄袭等行为的暂行规定》处理。学生不能按文新学院规定的时间完成论文的写作，应当扣减该生论文成绩。具体扣分办法是：一个环节未按时完成的，扣3分；若有多个环节未按时完成，则根据此标准累加，一篇论文每一个环节都未按时完成的，最多扣减15分。

2、论文字数应不少于5000字。如果论文未达到规定字数，少300字以内，论文成绩扣减2分；少300—600字，论文成绩扣5分；少600—1000字，论文成绩扣8分；少1000—1500字，扣15分；少1500—2000字，扣20分；少2000字以上，论文成绩不及格。

3、论文材料杂乱，大量主要材料严重失实；或写作态度极不认真、文章加工极差；或论文无中心、层次不清、逻辑混乱、句子不通；或理论上有明显错误，经指导教师指出后仍然不改者，其论文成绩不及格。重要人名、地名、事实、数据错一个扣1分，标点符号错三个扣1分，注释错一条扣1分，一个错别字扣1分。

4、优秀论文从严掌握，一般不超过学生人数的15%。

六、论文答辩：由领导小组聘请若干本院或院外讲师以上的专家学者组成答辩委员会。由我院学科学术带头人或教授担任主任委员，委员会下可分成若干小组，分别负责每一组学生的论文答辩。

七、答辩工作程序：全部毕业生都要参加论文答辩。各答辩小组的论文答辩会由答辩小组组长主持。答辩时先由学生陈述论文选题的目的、意义、论文主要解决的问题、论文如何解决问题等几个方面的内容，接着各答辩小组成员提出质询，然后答辩学生逐一回答。答辩中答辩小组成员质询至少应当考虑以下几个方面的问题：

1．论文题目的思考、确定。

2．课题研究的历史与现状

3．论文写作时的主要参考文献。

4．论文的中心与结构。

5．观点、材料及论证。

八、评语和成绩：答辩过程中，各答辩小组应指定专人填写答辩记录。答辩结束后，各答辩小组根据学生论文和答辩时情况写出通过或不通过的评语并给出论文成绩；各答辩小组成员在学生的毕业论文登记表上签名；答辩小组组长及时将《毕业论文登记表》交到院上。

九、院毕业论文工作领导小组审定全部毕业论文，给出论文成绩，总结毕业论文指导工作。

2009年6月

附：

文学与新闻学院汉语言文学、新闻学、对外汉语专业

2006级本科生毕业论文工作各环节时间安排

2006级本科生各专业本科生毕业论文工作各环节时间安排如下：

1、第六学期第16--17周：学生初选论文题目、论文方向及论文指导老师。

2、第七学期第1--4周，完成开题报告、论文提纲的撰写。

3、第七学期5—12周新闻专业学生完成毕业论文撰写，第13---15周完成毕业论文的评阅，答辩、评审工作。

4、汉语言文学、对外汉语专业于第八期开学第1---6周完成毕业论文的撰写，第8-13周完成毕业论文的评阅，答辩、评审工作。

特别提示：

新闻学专业学生如果能够提前完成论文选题、开题、提纲、初稿、未定稿、定稿、指导教师与评阅教师审查合格等环节，经文新学院毕业论文答辩委员会及领导小组审查合格后，可由学院统一安排其参加答辩（具体时间另行通知），答辩通过者如需提前参加专业实习，必须由学院报请学校教务处批准后方可提前参加专业实习。

各专业学生提交毕业论文时，档案袋里应装有：开题报告、论文提纲、论文初稿、各种版本的论文未定稿、定稿打印件、论文登记表及磁盘、查阅资料的读书卡片、指导教师意见稿及其他相关资料。

乐山师院文学与新闻学院

2009年6月