第一篇:高考英语作文议论文写作技巧
议论文通常分为论点,论据和论证三部分,通过摆事实,讲道理的方式来表达观点。近几年高考书面表达中,其主要命题形式是以表格式和提纲式来呈现写作材料的。写作时常以三段式的形式展开议论。下面笔者以一高考议论文范文为例,介绍议论文写作中的万能句子。
范文
The summer holiday is coming.Our class have a discussion about what to do during the holiday.Some are in favor of staying at home.They think it’s both convenient and comfortable.What’s more, they can save money for other purposes.But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons.But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.1.开头句型
(1)巧引谚语
As the proverb says, … 或 It goes without saying that...或There is an old saying…
此类句型引用谚语,如果恰当引用可为作文整体增色。
(2)揭示主题或引发热议的话题
Recently, the problem of … has aroused people's concern 或There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is(to say), the question of … 或Nowadays, … has become a problem we have to face.该句型用于引出话题,范文中使用“Our class have a discussion about…”句式,欠缺新意,可用上述句型将 holiday plan 替换…,方便实用。
(3)简述双方观点
Just as every coin has two sides, …have both advantages and disadvantages.
该句型可直接表明人们对于某一问题的不同看法。范文中可用本句型,用staying at home and going out for traveling替换…,表达简明清晰。
(4)详述各方观点 People’s opinions about … vary from person to person.When it comes to … , some people think(hold the opinion)that ….However, others....该句型为议论文常用句型,用于说明关于某种问题的两种不同看法。范文中若应用该句型于开头部分,下文部分可以不用过多赘述,只说明支持某种看法的理由即可,更加简明。
2.论据句型
(1)补充说明类
As it has been mentioned above...或In this respect,…或Not only …, but also ….或Further,…或Similarly, we should pay attention to...此类句型用于补充说明上文观点,范文中在阐述认为假期该待在家里的理由时,将舒适和省钱用What’s more 连接,也可选择用上述句型表示递进关系。
(2)阐明理由类
There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.或Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.或This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.First, … Second, … Third, …或Why did …? For one thing …,for another…
范文中,支持假期应该待在家里有两个理由,一是便捷舒适,二是省钱。除了像范文中用what’s more 连接,可以采用上述句式如Why did …? For one thing …,for another…,逻辑性更强,可以让阅卷老师一目了然。
(3)支持某观点类
There's no denying the fact that...或I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….范文中作者在表达自己支持某种观点时用到it would be much better to…,句式表达上过于简单苍白,可以选择使用上述句型,表达上更加贴切。
(4)反对某观点类
As a matter of fact,…或In spite of the fact that...或However ,…或On the contrary,…
范文中作者在表达反对某种观点时用了两次 but,用词重复,欠缺文采。可以选择用上述短语替换。
(5)举例说明类
A case in point is...该句型用于举例说明,多数学生会使用 for example 或者 for instance,使用该句型会让你异于他人。
3.结尾句型
(1)表明自己观点类
As far as I am concerned(in my opinion), I agree with…或As a result(In short或All things considered或 In a word或In conclusion或 Generally speaking或To be frank), I…或I will conclude by saying...或From my point of view, it would be better if...范文中,作者在表明自己观点时用到In my opinion, it would be much better to …,可以选择用上述句型替换,选用高级词组会凸显你的写作水平。
(2)总结上文类
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…或The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that…或Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…
范文中结尾没有对上文进行总结,有时议论文写作会有要求。套用上述句型简单高效。
(3)提出建议类
Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.或There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can …或 Confronted with…, we should take a series of effective measures to …或It is time to take the advice of…and to put special emphasis on the improvement of…或Only in this way can we…或Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that …will lead us in danger.议论文写作结尾有时会要求就某一现象或问题提出合理的建议,因此建议类句型必不可少。运用上述句型,如Only in this way can we…,这种高级语法倒装结构的正确使用,会让阅卷老师眼前一亮。
第二篇:高考议论文写作技巧
综合近几年的高考作文的阅卷情况看,记叙文及其他文学体裁总的得分高于议论类的作文。XX年《高考作文满分解读》(万志勇先生主编)一书刊登的120篇满分作文中,仅有16篇议论文,绝大部分是散文,这其中的原因有四:其一,考题的原因。绝大多数考题本身适宜于记叙抒情类文体而不适宜于议论文。其二,习惯的原因。从小学到中学,学生学习的课文、所写的作文多半是记叙性文章,考场上写这类文章轻车熟路,保险系数大。其三,文体本身的原因。议论文在体式上的变化小而且相对固定,证明式、阐释式、读后感、评论式、批驳式,常用的就此几种,能让人耳目一新的杂文又不易掌握;议论文需要较高的认识水平,较成熟的理性思维能力,有些论题(如“规则”)甚至需要专业知识和理论准备。因此,考生要想突破“深刻”“透彻”的标杆而获得发展等级之高分比较困难。其四,考生自身喜好的原因。议论文是晓之以理,记叙性文章是动之以情。中小学生正处于情商高涨之际,喜闻乐见的自然是情节生动、情感丰富的叙述抒情类读物。议论文阐发事理,一般人感觉枯燥,思路难以形成。然而,写作记叙性文章非高考应试之专利,文体不限非永恒。新编《语文教学大纲》要求高中生必须学会写复杂的记叙文、议论文。最新“考试说明”也要求考生学会写记叙文、议论文、说明文、常见应用文等。XX年北京市高考以“说‘安’”为题作文,要求自选角度,写一篇议论文。明确限定了文体。因此,议论文的写作必须提到议事日程,并尽快掌握其写作要领。
对于议论文应试训练,要达到快速高效之目的,其基本写作技巧为。
第一,进行“体式”训练,迅速掌握几种常用体式。如证明式、阐释式、读后感、评论式(文学评论、思想评论)、批驳式,不怕形成套路。像写作证明式的议论文,可按照提出问题(提出中心论点)、分析问题(围绕中心论点从事理两方面选择论据进行论证)、解决问题(根据论证推导或归纳出结论)的结构行文,使学生掌握基本框架,了解怎么写。
第二,强化对考生的思辨能力特别是辩证思维能力的训练。近两年的高考作文,十分注重考查学生的思辨能力。训练学生的思辨能力以发展的联系的观点,对事物进行理论与实践、主观与客观、知与行、对立与统一、外因与内因、现象与本质、量变与质变、主流与支流、局部与整体、全面与片面、宏观与微观等等关系分析。训练学生多向思维、逆向思维,例如让学生对“位置与价值”、“入乎其内,出乎其外”、“忘记与铭记”等等进行辩证思考。
第三,训练选材能力。拒绝不健康的材料,避开人人都知道的材料,摒弃老掉牙的材料,点石成金翻新旧材料,巧妙使用教材上的材料,摘录报刊杂志上的鲜活材料,收集自己周围的新材料,使作文材料新颖别致,论证力强。
第四,巧妙构思,快速入题。议论文要做到围绕中心论点论证深刻,就必须注意构思。一般来说,当一个题目、一个话题或一则材料摆在我们面前时,我们在审题之后,就应迅速确立一个中心论点或拟出一个论题,然后根据已确立的中心论点或论题,提出问题,先问它一个“为什么”(或“什么是”),再问它一个“如何”(或“怎样”),这样思路就打开了,就能快速入题了。例如XX年高考山东卷作文要求以“双赢的智慧”为话题写一篇文章。阅读了提供的材料、话题及要求后,确定写议论文,中心论点定为:双赢,一种人伦的智慧之美。接着提问:为什么说“双赢是一种人伦的智慧之美”?然后从事实和理论两个方面选择论据回答清楚这个问题。这样,既打开了思路,又未曾跑题,真正是有话可说,有文章可做了。当然,上面说到的发问方式,可部分用,亦可全部用,应视具体情况灵活掌握。
第五,拟出鲜明突出的论点,造成“先声夺人”之效。XX年的语文《考试说明》对作文基础等级的要求之三是“感情真挚,思想健康”,强调作者行文首先要写真情,只有“真挚”,才能有真正的“健康”。就议论文而言,鲜明的观点就是作者真情的表露。“突出”,就是在文章的显要位置把论点摆出来,使之先声夺人,使阅卷者一目了然,印象深刻。
第六,扣紧论题,充分说理。扣紧论题,是指用论据证明论点时要有针对性,二者之间的联系是直接的紧密的证明与被证明的关系,论据所阐述的内容,必须是围绕论题展开并扣合论点的。充分说理即既摆事实,又讲道理。
第七,训练灵活地运用论证方法,使说理深刻透彻。写作议论文主要运用的论证方法有:喻证法、类比法、例证法、引证法、分析法、对比法、层进法、反证法、矛盾法、归谬法等。恰当地、灵活地运用一些论证方法会使文章观点更鲜明,议理更显力度。
第八,在语言“文”起来上下功夫。写作议论文想要在高考中立于不败之地——获高分或满分,精心组织语言很重要。语言要有文采,议论过程中必须适时引用成语以求精炼,引用名句以求深刻,引用诗词以显别致,引用俗语以求风趣诙谐,引用文言以表庄重严肃,借助生活用语(社会时尚语言)以示幽默;运用比喻以表生动形象,采用整句以求气势,运用排比以示有力,采用对偶以求整饬;长短结合荡气回肠,繁简搭配疏有致。朴实、优美的语言见作者的文化底蕴,写作议论文如果能言美意无穷,一定会受阅卷者的青睐。
写作议论文的方法技巧很多,笔者从高考实战出发列举了以上八个方面,以供考生参考。
第三篇:2013高考议论文写作技巧
考场作文要做到思路清晰,层次分明,掌握行文的结构模式十分必要。下面我们就议论文的写作给同学们提供三种结构模式,供大家参考。
层进式(“引、提、议、联、结”式)
所谓层进式,即在提出问题或亮明观点后,由小到大,由此及彼,一层深入一层地去分析问题产生的原因或论证自己观点的正确性,最后提出解决问题的办法或得出明确结论。针对新材料作文,可以采用五字结构式:引,即引述所给材料,材料特别短的可以照抄,长的要进行精炼概括,并根据立意角度有针对性地引述;提,即在引述材料后,对材料进行精要分析,然后明确提出自己的观点;议,即围绕观点展开议论,紧扣材料进行分析、论证观点的正确性;联,即由此及彼联系自然与社会,采用例证法、对比论证法等再次分析论证观点的正确性;结,即总结全文,得出结论或再次申明观点。运用这一模式时,应特别注意恰当使用过渡句或过渡段,使各部分之间过渡自然,衔接紧密,语意连贯,不突兀。
【示例一】
我看中国式“垄断”(北京一考生)
在刚刚结束的鹿特丹世乒赛上,中国队表现出色,又包揽了全部金牌,正是国人振奋之际,总有那么一些人,不知是对国家荣誉的麻木,对他人胜利的嫉妒,还是审美疲劳,他们指指点点道:“大家好才是真的好。”稍稍明智点的,则将自己提到了“理性”的高度,看似忧国忧民,又像杞人忧天,他们眉头颦蹙道:“这不利于世界乒乓事业的发展。”【文章开篇运用描摹性的文字对所给材料进行精炼概述,生动形象(引)】呜呼!于情于理,我个人都不敢苟同。【对材料中的观点予以反驳,亮明自己的观点(提)】
我要问问那些慷慨者,怎样才能“大家好”呢?难道故意输给人家不成?为了所谓的发展而忘掉根本的体育精神?
我要问问那些理性者,乒乓事业怎么就没发展呢?中国包揽金牌都多少年了,你能说现在就没有乃至产生不出“乒乓大家”?【连用几个一般疑问句和反问句讲道理批驳谬论,论证观点(议)】
当然,中国的这种独揽确有让人深思之处。有人担心,长久的绝对优势会使这个项目的竞争减弱,失去活力。其实,体育上的独揽可以自然地让人想到经济生活中的一种现象——垄断。体育不过是近百年来才发展起来的运动,比之于那卷帙浩繁、硕果累累的经济学,则略显浅幼。所以,将体育的长影投射到经济活动这面镜子上,也未尝不可。
从资本主义世界的跨国公司到社会主义的国有经济,垄断都不可或缺。美国的饮料行业曾被可口可乐独占鳌头,中国的经济命脉至今也仍被少数国有企业掌控。可是,饮料行业依旧繁荣,中国经济照样腾飞。可见,垄断并没有让竞争消失,不论内部还是外部。内部,你永远不可能消除职工之间的业绩比拼;外部,你永远不可能消灭你的假想敌。所以这并不能让我们高枕无忧,永远没有失去活力的理由。
何其相似,让我们来看看这乒乓作响的小球。于内,能代表中国参加国际赛事的名额是少之又少,球员们之间的竞争是不言而喻;于外,哪个外国选手没有梦想过,自己会被这样载入史册:第一个打破中国乒乓球项目长期垄断的运动员。所以,永远都有人在虎视眈眈、摩拳擦掌。【讲道理论证观点之后,考生由体育联系到经济生活中的垄断,并回归材料,进一步论证观点,使论述更加深刻(联)】
中国式“垄断”并无过错,何不让我们安享这份荣耀呢?
国人对大小球有一种微妙的情感:对大球充满的是渴望,而对小球则是越来越不屑。殊不知,这渴望源自一种仰人鼻息的自卑,而不屑是因为有掌控一切的自信。他们更不可能知道,这种自信凝结了多少代乒乓英雄们的汗水!【文章结尾处再次强调观点,并指出部分国人扭曲心理的实质(结)】
这是一篇标杆范文。文章之所以被定为标杆范文,除见解独到、议论深刻外,考生运用层进式结构行文,使得文章思路清晰,层次分明,给阅卷老师以审美愉悦。
主体并列式(“中心论点+三个分论点+结论”式)
所谓“中心论点+三个分论点+结论”式,即在引述材料、分析材料提出中心论点之后,文章的主体部分用三个分论点从不同角度去论证观点,最后得出结论或再次强调观点。运用这一模式时,应特别注意:中心论点的提出应紧扣所给材料的意旨,不能偏离材料;三个分论点的确立,要围绕中心论点且各有侧重,分论点可以是并列关系,也可以是递进关系,但前后不能发生冲突;另外,分论点的议题绝对不能大过中心论点。
例如,2011年高考广东卷作文要求考生以“回到原点”为标题写一篇文章,一考生在文章开篇提出中心论点“回到原点”之后,主体部分从不同角度提出了三个分论点——回到人性善良的原点、回到灵魂无瑕的原点、回到心灵单纯的原点,在就三个分论点讲道理与举实例相结合分别进行分析论证后,结尾处再次强调观点:回到原点吧,去聆听我们生命最初的声音。
这种“主体并列式”结构能让文章层次十分清晰,且较容易掌握,因此颇得考生青睐。但要注意的是,正是因为结构的相似性,要拼的就是素材和论证语言了,所以,同学们还得在这两方面多下工夫。
第四篇:高考英语作文+写作技巧
一篇文章通常可分为三个部分,即开头、正文和结尾。这三个部分安排是否得体,直接影响到文章的质量。
文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山,用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题,使读者了解文章要谈论什么,一下于引起读者的兴趣。
·遇到不会写的单词怎么办
遇到不会的单词时,可以用同义词或近义词代替;选择不同的词性,变化一下句型;当出现了非要使用的单词不会拼写或拼不准时,不要放弃;尽量采用较简单的词和句子结构和句型来表达相近或与主题相关的内容。·发现跑题如何补救
从感觉跑题起写切合题目的内容,通过一些关联词转接过来,让阅卷者知道你真正想表达的内容。比如用一句“刚才谈了那么多,但是对这个问题真正重要的方面是„„”即可补救。
高考英语作文完美行文四步骤
STEP1:确定文章框架,包括:时态、语态、格式、展开方式、开头结尾等。
STEP2:确定内容要点,包括:主要人物、时间地点、重要细节、合理发挥等。STEP3:正式开始写作,整理思路成篇,行文连贯。
STEP4:检查全文,主要检查语法以及粗心犯下的错误。
图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage
table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题in目的 议the 题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.实用性写作(申请信)
Your address
Month, Date, year
Receiver's address
Dear...,I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in...我非常高兴地听到/看到你的广告位置…
.And I would like to write a letter to tell you that..同时,我还要写了一封信,告诉你..../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.我深信,我为你的工作适用于各种广告。
.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.我觉得我有能力满足您所列出的要求
On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.随函寄我对你的关怀,并参考。
I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience我将不胜感激,如果你给我定一份珍贵的机会去面试。我会非常感谢你尽快从你的回应
/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.我期待着您的回复在您方便。
Best regards for your health and success 最诚挚的问候你的健康和成功。.Sincerely yours,X X X
现象说明文
Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture
that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main
reason is____________________.what is
more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one
thing_____________________,for another________ ____.In Conclusion____________________.议论文的框架
(1)不同观点列举型(选择型)
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand,___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.(2)利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___
______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __作题文目题议目题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition,____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.(3)答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over__作文题目目前,人们普遍关注_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.这是一个很重要的问题我们每一个。因此,我们必须不遗余力地采取一些措施来解决这个问题。
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.我们知道有哪些可解决此问题的方法。First of all,途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is 途径二_____.另一种有助于解决问题的成功是___途径二_____。
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目
______首先,要解决的问题___,we should find a number of various ways.我们应该找到许多方式。
But as far as I am concerned但就我而言, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way我宁愿以这种方式解决问题, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状,再对比事物本身的利弊,有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发,最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)
1.说明事物现状
2.事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)
3.你对现状(或前景)的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.现在很多人喜欢A,因为它在我们的日常生活中发挥重要作用。Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows一般来说,可以看出其优势如下.First----------------(A的优点之一).Besides-------------------(A的优点之二).But every coin has two sides当然,任何事物都具有两面性。.The negative aspects are also apparent A的消极方面也很明显。.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点).
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.通过以上分析,我认为积极的方面胜过消极因素。Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法).
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way, 从这些之间的一个比较正面和负面影响,我们应予以合理的,而且要根据我们所处的情况下,只有通过这种方式,---------------(对前景的预测).)
(5)解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
1.问题现状
2.怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(说明A的现状).Second,---------------(举例进一步说明现状)
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解决方法一).For another-------------(解决方法二).Finally,--------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m
confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(带来的好处).(6)阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发,按照提纲的要求进行论述.
1.阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义.
2.分析并举例使其更充实.
The good old proverb----------------(名言或谚语)reminds us that
----------------(释义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(举例说明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(举例说明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三).
In my opinion,----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.(7)对比观点题型
(1)要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1.有一些人认为。。
2.另一些人认为。。
3.我的看法。。
The topic of(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of(支持A的理由一)What is more,(理由二).Moreover,(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),(理由二).Thirdly(finally),(理由三).From my point of view, I think(我的观点).The reason is that(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice事实上,还有一些其他理由来解释自己的选择。对我来说,前者无疑是一个明智的选择。
(2)给出一个观点,要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that(观点一).For example, they think(举例说明).And it will bring them(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing,(反对的理由之二).
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).
第五篇:高考英语作文:议论文
高考英语作文:议论文
重点诠释
1. 议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种文体,它通过摆事实,讲道理的方式来辩明是非曲折,从而表达出作者的观点。高考英语作文的写作,大多有具体要点(即论点或论据)的限定,所以并不需要如何地纵横裨阖,如何地旁征博引。但是,麻雀虽小,五脏俱全。
一篇100来字的议论文,同样必须逻辑严密,结构清晰,语言洗练,言而有据。要尽可能避免使用口语,多用书面语,可适当使用名言警句;以议论为主,辅之以叙述,说明和描写等手法。
2. 在近几年的高考书面表达中,其主要命题形式是以表格式和提纲式来 呈现写作材料的。
3.写作时要围绕中心论点展开议论,即论据和论证要围绕论点展开。根据题目要求,有时需要从正反两面来论述,可增强论证的力度。最后,可得出结论,照应开头,形成一个有机的整体。
写作模式
写作时常以三段式的形式展开议论。[来源:Zxxk.Com] 1.引段
高考英语议论文的引言可以有两部分组成:现象+观点。
现象就来自作文题目。所以学生必须要理解题目中的每句话,把题目中的中文用英语表达出来就能成为不错的开篇。然后再开门见山地亮出自己的观点。
2.主体段
① 引证法(即引用一些名人名言、成语、格言、谚语灯作为论据); ② 例证法(即举例来进行论证)③ 喻证法(用比喻的方法来论证事理,把深奥、抽象的事理表述得浅显易懂,使文章既生动又形象)④ 对比论证法(通过对事物的正反两个方面的对比来分析论证,使文章的表达效果更强烈,给人留下深刻印象)⑤ 归纳法(从分析典型,即分析个别事物入手,找出事物的共同特点,然后得出结论。)⑥ 推理法(从一般原理出发,对个别事物进行说明、分析,而后得出结论)⑦ 驳论法(先列出错误的观点,然后加以逐条批驳,最后阐明自己的观点)。在主体段中,务必要牢记应采用先总后分的手法——先亮出主题句,然后再用发展句充实段落。你必须围绕着引言段的观点展开,千万不能让人觉得的的文章段落之间没有衔接。
此外,在主体段中要恰当地使用过渡词,有明显的层次感,引领阅读者一层一层地根据你的分论点走向最终你要阐述的观点。
3.结尾段
结论,用一、二句话来结束文章,做到首尾呼应。一定要再次澄清你的观点,切记与引言段的观点一致,建议用不同的词句法表达一个意思。写作典例:
暑假即将来临,你班同学就假期计划进行讨论,提出了不 同看法,请根据提示写一篇英语短文,并谈谈你的看法。
优点 缺点 呆在家中 花费少,舒适方便 不能亲自了解外界 外出旅游 增长知识,开阔眼界 花费多,旅途不便 注意:1。词数120左右(不含已写好部分)
2.短文必须包括表中所列要点,可根据内容分段表述; 3.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯; 4.参考词汇:眼界horizon(view)案例分析
这是一篇典型的议论文体的写作,它以表格的形式提出了论点(呆在家中的优点和缺点以及外出旅游的优点和缺点)和论据,还以文字提示形式提出了话题(假期计划)及需要考生自由发挥的部分(你的看法),自己的看法可选择上述中的任何一种,并就此发表个人的见解。本文的重点是表格中两种方式的优,缺点,根据题目的特点,以三段式的形式来写作比较好。
根据内容,尽管讨论已经发生,但它是就一般的暑假假期计划而进行的讨论,没有特定的时间界定,因而考生应以一般现在时和一般将来时为主。相当一部分考生用一般过去时进行论述,这会失掉较多的分数。从题目所给的开头可知应用第一人称来写。
范文:
The summer holiday is coming.Our class have a discussion about what to do during the holiday.Some are in favor of staying at home.They think it's both convenient and comfortable.What's more, they can save money for other purposes.But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden the ir horizons.But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.针对练习
1.诚信是处世之本。但是在中学生当中,考试作弊、抄袭作业、欺骗家长和老师等现象屡见不鲜。请你对以上种种现象作简要描述,并以How to guar antee honesty为题,从三个方面,谈谈如何保证学生做到诚信。
注意:
1.词数:120左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。How to guarantee honesty As we all know, honesty is a lways an essential principle of living.Much to our regret, however, …
_______________ ____________________________________________________________________________
Honesty is the best policy, which is what we should keep in mind all the time.【参考范文】------One possible version: As we all know, honesty is always an essential principle of living.Much to our regret, however, it is nothing new that some middle school students cheat in exams, copy others’ homework and fool their teachers and parents.Therefor e, how to guarantee honesty should come to our attention.Personal ly, I think honesty education is necessary.For instance, courses on hone sty can be offered to students;activities like story-te lling and lectures are also worthy trying.With the concept of “being honest” rooted in their minds, honesty can be reflected in their daily life and study.Besides, related rules an d regulations should be laid down.Detailed criteria should be applied to evaluate students in aspects such as homework, tests, relationship with teachers and parents.Then, strict measures should be carried out to puni sh those who cheat, and consequently, they must assume responsibility for their bad behavior, thus considerably reducing chances of cheating next time.Honesty is the best policy, which is what we should keep in mind all the time.本文是一篇开放式的作文,只提出了一个话题“How to guarantee honesty”,话题非常切合学生实际生活,让每个学生都有话可写。此题留给学生了一定的想象空间,有利于优生的发挥。文章的人称以一、三人称为主;时态为一般现在时;本文可用三段成文形式成文。内容要点: 1.学生中存在的作弊现象;2.解决这一现象的方法;3.总结要点。
2.如今世界粮食短缺,价格飞涨,给部分地区造成社会动荡。假设在你校开展的研究性学习中,你们小组以“World Food Crisis”为题进行研究,现在请你代表你们小组向全体同学简要介绍你们的研究成果。主要内容如下:
造成的原因 1.气候变化,造成粮食减产 2.工业发展,城市化加速,耕地减少 3.世界能源价格上涨,使用粮食生产生物燃料
应对的措施 1.注重环保,改善生态 2.严格保护耕地 3.富国支持穷国,促进世界和谐
你如何做出自己的贡献1.„„ 2.„„
注意:1.内容包括以上要点,但不要逐句翻译 2.字数150左右,文章开头已提供,不计入总词数
3.参考词汇:城市化urbanization 生物燃料biofuels Hello, everyone, Now I'll tell you something about our research project The World Food Crisis on behalf of our group.As you know, food shortages have hit many countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas.___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 【命题方向与写作提示】这是一篇提纲式的议论文写作素材,探讨国计民生的社会热点话题:粮食价格上涨。写作时要注意避免逐句翻译,并适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】(One possib le version)Hello, everyone, Now I'll tell you something about our research project The World Food Crisis on behalf of our group.As you know, food shortages have hit many countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas.But who is responsible for the current world food crisis? First, annual world grains output has declined because of climate change.Then lots of farmland has been lost due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization.Besides, faced with the rising energy prices, people have turned to the production of biofuels, which has worsened the severe situation.Then what should we do to deal with the problem? On one hand, we should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology.On the other hand, strict measures should be taken to protect farmland.Of course, to build a harmonious world the developed countries should take their responsibilities to help the poor ones experiencing food shortage.As for me, I will call on the people around me to live thriftily.And for the moment, I think, we should study hard to develop science and help solve the food shortage in the future.