第一讲_高中英语阅读理解-事实细节题

第一篇：第一讲_高中英语阅读理解-事实细节题

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第1讲

事实细节题

细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中占比重最大的一类题型, 这类题旨在考查考生对事实细节的理解。主要针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问, 可能只针对文章中某一特定的细节, 也可能涉及若干个细节。

【考纲解读】

1.从近几年实施细节题的考查来看，不仅是数量增加，而且难度也稍有增加，表现为：答案需要跨段落搜集信息；题目设置顺序与全文顺序不一致；题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致。

2.以考查语言运用能力为主，考查语言知识为辅，考查的侧重点将向语篇能力的运用方面倾斜，要求考生运用自己的综合能力和知识结构去解题。

【命题规律】

考查理解文章主要细节的试题，命题人一般都是通过对文章细节加以改写来考查准确理解细节的能力。

细节题有可能是直接理解题，但多数情况下是间接理解题。要求在理解的基础上，通过思维将理解的内容系统化，条理化，比如计算，排序，选图等。

【命题趋势】

事实细节题呈增多趋势。题目将由简单的寻找信息转向多层次细节推理综合，答案需要跨段落搜集信息，单纯考查事实细节的题不太多。

【常考点清单】

1.Which of the following is true/false/mentioned? 2.What does the writer pay least attention to? 3.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 4.All of the following statements may be true/false except…..5.Which of the following is not the result of….?

【重点难点】 1.语义转换

[技巧点拨] 虽然说细节题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接地找到, 但是与阅读材料一模一样的正确选项是几乎没有的。而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思, 即语意转换。解题时注意以下几点：

1.顺序性原则：一般说来, 题序与其题眼在文章中的顺序相同。如第53题的答案信息会在第52题的答案信息之后。2.定位信息点：通过寻读法(scanning), 用题干中的关键词在文中搜索, 迅速确定相关词句或

population shifts（转移）to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society.In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents became wealthier.They had more children so they needed more space.They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes.They bought houses in the suburbs.Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ? A.Because older American cities were dying.B.Because they were richer and needed more space.C.Because cities contained the worst pare of society.D.Because they could hardly afford a live in the city.【4】When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’s Chinese English.Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly.People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.Why was the author’s mother poorly served？

A.She was unable to speak good English.B.She was often misunderstood.C.She was not clearly heard.D.She was not very polite.【5】It was a village in India.The people were poor.However, they were not unhappy.After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived.They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog’s legs.However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.From paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers __________.A.worked very hard for centuries

B.dreamed of having a better life C.were poor but somewhat content

D.lived a different life from their forefathers 【6】 During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? A．To find more food.B．To protect themselves better.C．To keep themselves warm.D．To produce their young.【课后巩固练习】

【1】Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning.Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms.We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning _________.A.are always accompanied by a fever

B.are too common to be noted C.can be noticed within hours

D.can be ignored 【2】Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives amazingly.Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, aircraft cross the world a day, while computers operate at

lightning speed.Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending.Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts（吹嘘）of saving precious seconds in handling tasks.The new products become more and more time-saving because ______..A.our love on speed seems never-ending

B.time is limited C.the prices are increasingly high

D.the manufacturers boast a lot 【3】Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders.Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.According to the California study, the low-scoring group might _________.A.have watched a lot of TV

B.not be interested in math C.be unable to go to college

D.have had computers in their bedrooms 【4】Her job in travel writing began some eight years ago.After getting a PhD in English in Canada, she took a test for Frommer's travel guides, passed it, and got the job.After working at Frommer's, Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London, then Fodor's, where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U.S.that she moved there.Now as a travel writer, she spends one-third of her year on the road.The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson, Arizona.Which country does Jarolim live in now? A.Mexico.B.The U.S.C.The U.K D.Canada 【5】Amy Johnson was born on July 1, 1903, in Hull Yorkshire and lived there until she went to Sheffield University in 1923 to read for a BA.After graduating, she moved on to work as a secretary to a London solicitor（律师）where she also became interested in flying.Amy began to learn to fly at the London Aeroplane Club in the winter of 1928-1929 and her hobby soon became an all-consuming determination, not simply to make a career in aviation（航空）,but to succeed in some projects, which would demonstrate to the world that women could be as competent（能干）as men in hitherto（迄今为止）male dominated field.Her first important achievement, after flying solo, was to qualify as the first British-trained woman ground engineer.For a while she was the only woman G:E.in the world.Early in 1930, she chose her objective: to fly solo（fly by herself）to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler’s record of 16 days.At first, her efforts to raise financial（经济的）support failed, but finally Lord Wakefield shared the 600 pound purchase prices of a used DH Gypsy Moth（GAAAH）and it was named Jason after the family business trademark.Amy set off alone in a single engine Gypsy Moth from Groyson on May 5, 1930, and landed in Darwin on May 24, an epic flight of 11,000 miles.She was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.In July 1931, she set an England to Japan record in a Puss Moth with Jack Humphreys.In July 1932, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Puss Moth.In May, 1936, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Percival Gull , a flight to retrieve（gain again）her 1932 record.With her husband, Jim Mollison, she also flew in a DH Dragon nonstop from Pendine Sands，-South Wales, to the United States in 1933.They also flew nonstop in record time to India in 1934 in a DH Comet in the England to Australia air race.The Mollisons were divorced in 1938.After her commercial flying ended with the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Amy joined the Air Transport Auxiliary, a pool of experienced pilots who were ineligible（不合格）for RAF service.Her flying duties consisted of ferrying（carrying by plane）aircraft from factory airstrip（起落地带）to RAF（英国皇家空军）bases.1.What did Amy Johnson do after she graduated from Sheffield University?

A.She became a secretary to a London solicitor.B.She went to the air force.C.She became the first female group engineer in the world.D.She began to learn to fly at an aero plane club.2.Which of the following is false? A.Amy Johnson spent her childhood in Sheffield.B.In Amy Johnson’s time, aviation was a male dominated field.C.Amy Johnson flew solo for several times.D.Amy Johnson was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.3.According to the passage, how many records Amy had set? A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.4.How did Amy solve the financial problem when in early 1930 she chose her objective: to fly solo to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler’s record of 16 days? A.She successfully raised financial support.B.She shared the money necessary for the flight with her husband.C.A businessman shared the purchase price of a used plane with Amy’s father.D.Her father gave her the money.

第二篇：高中英语解题题典：阅读理解第36-40部分

There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power(原子能).First, the radioactive material must travel from its place of production to thc power station.Ahhough the power statkms themselves are strongly built, the containers used for the transport of the materials are not.Normally, only two methods of transport are itl use, namely road or rail.Unfortunately, both of these may have an effect on the general public, since they are sure to pass near, or even through, heavily populated areas.Second, there is the problem of waste.All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most eases will remain radioactive for thousands of years.It is impossible to make these wastes nonradioaclive, and so they must be stored iii one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented.For example, they may be hurled under the ground, or dropped into deserted mines, or sunk in the sea.However, these methods do not solve lhe problem, since an earthquake could easily break the containers.Third.there may occur the danger of a leak(泄漏)or an explosion at the power station.As with the other two dangers, this is nm very likely, so it does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear program.Itowever, it can happen.Separately, these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry, l‟akcn to gethcr, though, the probability of disaster(灾难)is exrrtmtly high.1.Which of the following is FALSE?

A.It is possible that a leak or explosion occurs at a power station.B.It is unusual for radioactive materials to be transported across land.C.The containers are likely to be broken by an earthquake.D.Nuclear wastes remain dangerous in most cases for many years.2.The author thinks that the ways to store nuclear wastes are ______.A.easyB.impossible

C.reasonableD.ineffective

3.What do we learn from the last paragraph?

A.The power station is a safe place.B.The dangers of nuclear energy can be prevented.C.The general public are strongly against the nuclear program.D.By itself, none of the three dangers is very likely to cause much worry.4.What is this passage about?

A.Uses of nuclear power.B.Dangers from nuclear power.C.Public anger at nuclear power.D.Accidents caused by nuclear power.答：1.B 2.D 3.D 4.B

解析：

2．由第三段最后一句可知，那些储存核污染的方法解决不了问题，由此可判断出选项。3．最后一段大意是三种危险分开以后没有危户，符合题意。4，从全文中看，文中列举了三种危险，故选B项。

The Fourth “21st Century Cup” National English Speaking Competition is to be held in Shanghai.Organizers;China Daily and Shanghai Broadcasting Network

China University English Speaking Association(协会)(CUESA)

Co-sponsors(联合主办单位): English-speaking Union(ESU);Lotus Software(Chi-na)Co, Ltd.;Times Publishing Group of Singapore;Hilton Shanghai;Pearson Educa-tion;Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press-1-

Date: March 26(Friday), 1999

Place: Hilton Shanghai

Competition Format(形式): Each student will present a prepared speech on the given topic, followed by a

three-minute offhand speech and a three-minute question and answer period with the judges.Prepared speech period: six minutes Offhand speech peri-od: three minutes Q & A period: three

minutes

Speech Topic: People and Nature: In search of harmony(和谐)in a new age—your per-sonal opinion(Topics for the

offhand speech will be given on the day ofcompetition.)

Prizes: Besides books and certificates(证书), the top two winners will be offered schol arship(奖学金)to travel to

the annual international English-speaking competi-tion, which will be held by the English-speaking Union in London in May, 1099.The third and fourth place winners will be offered a study trip to Singapore, sponsored by the Times Publishing Group.The fifth through the i0th place win-ners will be offered cash prizes.All the competitors will receive certificates from the English-speaking Union and book prizes provided by Pearson Education and the Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press.The teachers of the top two winners will also receive a one-year membership to the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language(IATEFL).1.The main purpose of this passage is ______.A.to invite you to take part in the competition

B.to help to improve your spoken English

C.to tell you some information of the competition

D.to show you how to win the competition

2.Suppose you get the sixth place, you‟ll ______.A.travel to London for free

B.become a one-year member of IATEFL

C.get some money, some books and a certificate

D.get a chance to study in Singapore

3.All “offhand speech” is ______.A.a speech not longer than three minutes

B.a speech without preparation

C.a speech with a piece of paper in hand

D.a speech which is well prepared hefore

4.Which of the following statements is wrong?

A.The competitors won‟t know what they will speak about until March 26, 1999.B.The time-limit for each student is 12 minutes.C.Each student must speak on at least two topics.D.Only two students can have the chance for the international competition.答：l.C 2.C 3.A 4.C

解析：

1．考查作者的写作意图。2．考查猜测词义。3．由Competition Format一段分析可知。4．考查推理判断。由Competition Format一段可以看出本句错误。

Xin Hua tn 1999, President Jiang Zemin examined five state owned enterprises and delivered speeches about existing problems and possible solutions.His speeches gave rise to many questions.What roles should enterprise leaders play? Since economic reform and open policies were started in the early 1980s, what changes have taken

place in state owned enterprises? Readers will find answers to these questions and more in “Liaoning in Transition of Reform” a series of articles by Louise Cadieux.Louise Cadieux has done much research on China‟s state-owned enterprises.After visiting representative enterprises in l.iaoning Province, she wrote the articles with her u-nique, western view.We hope her views will help our readers better understand China‟s state-owned enrerprises.l.A state-owned enterprise is one that _____.A.belongs to one person or a group of persons

B.belongs to a country

C.a country runs

D.one or a group of persons run

2.From the passage we know it‟s true that _____.A.Louise Cadieux only answered President Jiang‟s questions

B.Louise Cadieux had more questions than President Jiang did

C.Louise Cadieux answered some of President Jiang‟s questions by her researches

D.President Jiang‟s questions are too many and too hard for Louise Cadieux to answer

3.This passage suggests that _____.A.some problems are really existing in state-owned enterprises

B.ways should be and can be found to solve the existing problems

C.it‟s time for the leaders to look back and find proper ways of management

D.all the above three

答：1.B 2.C 3.D

解析：

1．此题属事实理解题，从state-owned一词可知选项。2．从结尾一段可判断出C项。Louise Cadieux对中国的国企进行了研究。3．文中提到了国企存在的问题、解决办法及领导者应思考的管理办法，故选D项。

A branch of computer science cailled artifical intelligence uses programs that help solve problems by using human knowledge and experience.Artificial intelligence systems are al-so called expert systems, which enable computers programmed with great amounts of in formation to think about many possibilities such as diseases that certain symptoms(症状)could indicate and make a dccision for tile treatment.Computers are used in teaching as well.Programs that perform computer-aided in-struction(CAI计算机辅助教学)are designed to help students at all levels, from ele-mentary school to the university level.The student sits at a computer terminal(终端).The terminaI‟s screen displays a question for the student to answer.If the answer is wrong or incumplete, tile computer may ask the student to try again.It then may supply the correct answer and an explanation.CAf is also used in some adult education programs and as part of the employee training programs of some business companies.One of the most important uses of computers is to communicate information over long distances.They can send information to each other over telephone lines.As a result, computers keep banks, newspapers, and other institutions supplied with hnformation.A computer network consists of many computers in separate rooms, build-ings, cities, or countries, all connected together.Computer networks allow people to communicate by using electronic mail a document typed into one computer and sent to an-other.Such document generally travel in only a few minutes, even if they are being sent over a long distance.The computer‟s ability to share information with other computers over a network linked by telephone lines is a major revolution in telecommunieatitms.The Internet, an international network of computer networks, has spread out since the early 1990‟s.The Internet began as.a US network of scientific and military computers in the 1960‟s.Now it

is an international system for sending and receiving electronic mail, software, and elec-tronic documents and picture files all over the world.The Internet has already cut the cost of long-distance communicaions for many people.In the future it will completely change the way people work.With the lnternet, increasing numbers of people can work at home instead of in their office.Computers and their programs are the most complex devices in human history, and probably the most useful.Modern industrial societies now depend on them.As comput-ers become more powerful and widespread, computer education must continue to increase also.1.From the first paragraph we get to know that artificial intelligence systents _____.A.are beyond scientists‟ control

B.will take the place of doctors

C.will take the place of scientists

D.are under scientists‟ control

2.If you use E-mail to communicate with your friends, you can______.A.exchange information without paper

B.talk with your friends freely

C.talk with your friends face to face

D.exchange information without computers

3.The phrase “up-to-the-minute” in the third paragraph means ______.A.shortestB.latest

C.longestD.easiest

4.What is the main idea of this text? ______.A.Computers Are Dangerous

B.Computers Are Clever

C.Computers Are Useful

D.Computers Are lntercsting

答：1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C

解析：

1．从第一段可知人工智能系统是在科学家的控制下。2．和朋友网上交流不用纸。3．up-to-the-minute跟上时代的，最新的。4．文章主要介绍电脑的用途。故选C项。

Some doctors use magic, some use needles and others use pills.Who are they?

Among the Indians of North America the „medicine man‟ was a very important per son.He could cure illnesses, and he could speak to the spirits—the supernatural forces that controlled the world.The Indians believed that bad spirits made people ill.So, when people were ill, the medicine man tried to help them by using magic—he spoke to the good spirits and asked for their help.Many people were cured because they thought that the spirits were helping them.But really these people cured themselves.Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you.The medicine men were often successful for another reason, too.They knew about plants that really can eure illnesses A lot of modern medicines are made from plants that were used by medicine men hundreds of years ago.For more than five thousand years Chinese doctors have used needles to fight illnes-ses.This method is called aeupnneture(针灸).The doctor studies the sick person care fully.Then he puts needles into that person‟s body at the right places for his illness.Chi-nese doctors believe that they can control the body‟s natural forces in this way.At first, doctors in the West thought that this was just another kind of magic.Recently, however, they have found out that it is possible to cure many illnesses like this because the needles help the body to produce its own „medicines‟.In this way

the body cures itself.1.The Indians of North America enjoy_____.A.a modern medical treatment

B.an old medical treatment

C.an advanced medical treatment

D.a secret medical treatment

2.If one is iii, it is important for hint to _____.A.believe in god

B.worry about his illness

C.use magic

D.have a light heart

3.According to this passage modern medicines_____.A.have nothing to do with the old traditional medicines

B.have nothing to do with the supernatural forces

C.have nothing to do with plants

D.have nothing to do with the Indians

4.Using needles to fight illnesses_____.A.used to be popular over the world

B.is used as another kind of magic

C.is easy to learn by anyone

D.was first used by the Chinese

5.Acupuncture, in fact, ______.A.is the only way to cure many dangerous illnesses

B.can be used to cure all kinds of illnesses

C.is effective to cure many illnesses

D.is popular among the western people

答：1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.C

解析：

1．美洲北部印第安人倾向药物治疗。2.从第三段Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you可推断出D项。3.现代的药和超自然力无关。4.针灸最早始于中国。5.文中最后一段可知。

第三篇：第一讲准确理解 概括主旨

第一讲准确理解 概括主旨

考 点：感知并能概括文章（段）内容

知识要点：准确感知和理解语言材料，概括文章（段）的主题。

考试说明：

1、能判断对文章（段）内容的概括正确与否。

2、能准确概括出文章（段）的中心。努力避免感知不准，理解不透，概括不准或不全等问题。

3、能找出最能体现文章（段）主题的语言材料或事件材料。

4、能结合自已的认识，联系自己的生活，就文章（段）主题谈一点体会。

解题方法

方法一:提取中心句法

题目1: 速读下文，找出表达关键信息的语句。

全球定位系统是一种用信号覆盖全球各个角落的卫星系统。目前由美国国防部发射的24颗卫星组成。它们在距离地面大约12000英里高的轨道上绕地球运行。每颗卫星都不断地向地面发出表示时间和位置的信号。地球上任何地方的接收器随时都可以收到4个以上卫星的信号。任何有接收手段的人利用这些信号就能确定自己的位置和行进速度。

方法二:整合法：根据材料中的关键词语或句子进行再概括形成答案。

题目2：完整概括下面这段文字的内容。

小型蚁筑巢，将湿润的土粒吐在巢口，垒成酒盅状、灶台状、坟冢状、城堡状或松疏的蜂房状，高耸在地面；中型蚁的巢口，土粒散得均匀美观，围成喇叭口或泉心的形状，仿佛大地开放的一只黑色花朵；大型蚁筑巢像北方人的举止，随便、粗略、不拘细节，它们将颗粒远远地衔到什么地方，任意一丢，就像大步奔走撒种的农夫。

方法三:分层归并法。先划分层次，然后再把层次的内容概括组合。

题目3：试概括下段文字的大意。

阴霾弥漫的冬天是毫无生气的季节，是自然界的休眠和沉睡时期：昆虫停止了生命，游蛇停止了运动，植物终止了生长，失去了绿色，所有的空中居民都被抛弃流放，水族生命被关在冰冻的牢狱中，大部分陆地动物被囚禁在山洞、岩洞、地洞内，这一切给我们展现出一幅幅萧条冷落的景象。鸟类的回归带来了初春第一个信息，这些可爱的小生命唤醒了沉睡的大自然，焕发了新的活力与生命，树木吐出了新芽，小树林披上了新装，引来了新主人在此嬉笑打闹，唱歌传情，到处生机勃勃。

方法四：点示要素法。是用最简洁的文字，用近乎一个词加上一个词再加上一个词的形式来点示。题目4：说说文段中介绍了麦考利夫哪些方面的情况。

“挑战者”号上的七名宇航员中，有一名来自新罕布什尔州中学的女教师麦考利夫。她是一名来

自民间的航天飞机乘员，是从l万l千名报名应征的教师中选出来的。她为参加这次飞行接受了120个小时的宇航训练。她准备在轨道上向她的学生讲授“太空课”。

方法五：整体归纳法。理解材料，抓住关键词句用简练的语言加以概括。

题目5：概括下面文段的基本信息。

目前世界上已鉴定的生物物种有170多万种。本世纪80年代地球上平均每天至少有一种生物灭绝，从1990年开始，平均每小时消失一个物种，到2000年，估计有100万种生物物种从地球上消失。

实践练习

1、将下面的文字材料改写为“一句话新闻”。

央行的统计数字表明，到2月份我国的粮价已连续4个月小幅回升。分析师估计，今年国内主要粮食品种的价格水平可能持续走高。据国内媒体对全国832个县7万多农户3月初种植意向的调查，今年全国稻谷、小麦和玉米等谷物品种播种面积继续减少，只有豆类品种播种面积增加，这将对今年的粮价水平有一定影响。

2、根据文段内容，指出爬山虎在环境保护中的作用40字以内。

爬山虎在环境保护中发挥着多方面的作用。它的叶片较大，呈广卵型，宽10至20厘米。炎夏，从根部吸收的水分经叶片蒸腾，可带走空气中的热量，降低环境温度。它的茎叶密集，覆盖在房屋墙面上，可以遮挡强烈的阳光，又可以使空气在叶片与墙面之间流动，因而降低室内温度。它的卷须式吸盘能吸收墙上的水分，有助于潮湿房屋的干燥；而干燥季节，有它遮蔽墙面，又可以保持房屋的湿度。它的绿叶能制氧，是空气中氧气的一个重要来源。它的枝叶攀援在围墙、房屋的墙面上，可以吸收环境中的噪音，还能吸咐飞扬的尘土。

3．概括下面一段话的主要信息。

2008年全国高考平均录取率超过60％。其中北京、上海、新疆、江苏等地的高考录取率都超过了75％。但今年高分考生集中报考北大、清华等名牌重点院校的现象十分突出，致使一些名牌重点院校的平均分数比往年提高了20—80分，北大、清华则超过了120分。与此相反，许多一般院校特别是一些地方所属院校和专科、高职及民办院校生源明显不足。主动放弃这些院校的考生今年大幅度增加。

4、点示下面这段话表述了故宫哪些方面的信息。

在北京的中心，有一座城中之城，这就是紫禁城。现在人们叫它故宫，也叫故宫博物院。这明清两代的皇宫，是我国现存的最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群，有五百多年了。

5、用一句话概括下面语段中所透露出来的信息。

继在上海、青岛、大连、杭州开办多家建材连锁超市后，世界上最大的仓储式装饰建材商百安居日前又将建材连锁超市开到了深圳；并计划以深圳市场为中心挺进中国整个华南市场。与此同时，欧洲第二大、德国最大的建材商欧倍德也加快了向中国市场进军的步伐，在抢占了无锡、上海市场后，近日又计划在广州市场“跑马圈地”。已在上海安营扎寨的美国最大建材超市THE HOMEDEPOT也有意将市场的触角向南北延伸。

中考真题

温总理打给母亲的电话

李晓

1他的亲人，有13 亿之众。他的亲人，是一个国家的人民。这个人，○就是

一

天津

喜欢

放您

他带温家宝。2他的母亲，○叫杨秀兰。这位年过九旬的母亲，和中国那些普通的母亲样。早年，她只是天津城里一位寻常的小学语文老师。那时，他和母亲住在城里一条古朴的小胡同里，他与小伙伴们把门板卸下来当乒乓球台，他母亲把钥匙放在邻居家里，放学后，他便到邻居家拿钥匙：‚刘娘，我妈把钥匙这儿了？‛后来，他到北京工作以后，母亲还炸好面酱，托跑运输的邻居给

到北京。后来，她的儿子成了国家总理。他说：‚母亲对我的教育是永远忘记不了的，因为我出生在 1942 年，恰恰是在抗战时期，我在她身边知道了战争的苦难，知道了生活的艰难，从而懂得一个人要如何献身给国家。‛他这样深情地说。这绝不是一个国务院总理的即兴表达，这是一个孩子对母亲内心的感激和感恩。

3三年前春天的下午，他到日本访问,在国会刚刚进行了一场可以载入史册的成功演讲后，他便○

给母亲打电话：‚妈，我讲得怎样啊？‛在当天的电视直播里，双眼昏花的母亲一直看完了他的演讲，接到他的电话，老母亲当即夸奖他：‚孩子，你讲得很好，因为你是在用心讲。‛他这才放心了。母亲是他信任的人，他等待母亲评论的心情，就像一个幼儿园孩子,等待老师给胸前佩戴大红花一样。在参加当日华人社团和中日友好团体近千人共同举办的欢迎大会上，他提起国会演讲结束后，打出的第一个电话是给母亲的，并说到‚妈妈在我小时候就教育我要讲真话‛时，全场爆发出经久不息的掌声。所有的人无不为他的亲情所动容，许多人眼眶里闪着晶莹的泪花，有的甚至被感动得泪流满面。一位日本老妇人，双手合掌向身旁一位中国人说道：‚你们中国人很幸福。有这样一位热爱妈妈的总理阁下，连我也感到很温暖…… ‛

4在美国访问时，他再次回忆年幼时母亲对他的教育。他说：○‚母亲从小就教育我，对人要真实、真情、真挚、真切。一个人如果做到‘四真’就达到很高的境界。‛这些，在他做了一个泱泱大国的总理后，也是按照母亲的嘱托去做的。

5在天津火车站候车大厅，他向一位哭泣的母亲伸出了慈爱的大手，那位母亲两岁的孩子，患了○

白血病无钱求医，母亲的哭声揪痛了他的心。在他的关心下，孩子入院了，后来，他又自己捐助一万元给孩子治病。在视察路上，他中途下车，把手伸向了那位刚从庄稼地里劳作回来的母亲，后来，在全国掀起了为农民工的讨薪风暴。在前年的地震灾区，多少次，看到他情不自禁地流泪……这个风尘仆仆的老人，有一颗柔软而滚烫的心在绵延奔腾。

6○

是母亲在新闻里对他的张望，在心里对他的念叨。而他，无论怎么繁忙，也还记得，常常给母亲打一个电话。老舍在《我的母亲》中写道：‚人，活到八九十岁，有母亲在，便可以多少还有点孩子气。失了慈母便像花插在瓶子里，虽然还有色有香，却失去了根。有母亲的人，心里是安定的。‛

7给母亲打电话回家的总理，一个赤子的深情，才让他常常《仰望星空》○，正如他在诗里诉说的那样：‚那永恒的炽热，让我心中燃起希望的烈焰，响起春雷。‛

（选自《意林》2010年第10期，有删改）

1．请用一句话概括本文的主要内容。

6段“念天下苍生，也念母亲安康”的三件事。2．从文中找出印证第○

2段插入总理小时候的生活片断有何用意？ 3.第○

5段“这个风尘仆仆的老人，有一颗柔软而滚烫的心在绵延奔腾”一句中加点词的作用。4．分析第○．．．．

6段划波浪线的句子中，你能感受到母亲怎样的复杂情感？ 5．从第○

6．古人曾有“儿行千里母担忧”的感叹，也有“子欲养而亲不待”的遗憾。面对七旬总理与九旬母亲之间的真挚情意，你有何感想？小结：

一、中心的格式化本文记叙了（描写了）……的故事（事迹、经过、事件、景物），表现了（反映了、歌颂了、揭露了、批判了）……的思想（性格、精神、实质），抒发了作者……的感情。

二、寻找中心的思路⑴从分析标题入手。⑵从分析材料入手。⑶从分析段首入手。⑷从分析篇末入手。⑸从分析文中议论、抒情入手。⑹从概括段意或分析人物事件入手。

三、表述答案应注意的问题

1、遵守字数要求。

2、尽量用原文的词语。

3、组合材料时，尽量不用修饰语。

4、用自己的话概括时，尽量用短句

四、两个特殊句式

1、某某人做某某事

2、某某事物某某样

答案：

参考答案:全球定位系统是一种用信号覆盖全球各个角落的卫星系统。

参考答案:三种蚂蚊筑巢的不同方式。

参考答案:冬天的萧条景象和初春的生机勃勃

参考答案：身份、性别、来历、训练情况、航行计划。

参考答案：物种灭绝速度加快

参考答案：今年国内主要粮食品种的价格可能持续走高。

参考答案：爬山虎有降低温度、调节湿度、制造氧气、吸收噪音、吸附尘土等多方面的环境保护作用。参考答案：今年高考名牌重点院校爆满而一般院校生源不足

参考答案：地理位置、名称、历史价值

参考答案：海外建材商正加速抢占中国市场温总理日理万机，却不忘常给母亲打电话

2在日本成功演讲后，他将第一个电话打给母亲;在美国访问时，回忆幼时母亲对他的四真教育；在天津帮一位母亲救助生病的孩子；在视察时向一位母亲了解民情掀起为农民工的讨薪风暴；在地震灾区，多次流泪。

3小时候经历 的战争苦难和生活的艰辛，交代他念天下苍生，也念母亲安康的背景。为下文做铺垫 4柔软表现善良。滚烫表现赤诚两个词语刻画了总理对母亲对人民的浓浓爱意与满腔热忱 5牵挂和关心

6言之有理即可

第四篇：高中英语 第一讲图表类作文的写作素材

第一讲【作者：衡宁】

图表类作文的写作 【写作概述】 题型特点

图表式书面表达题常以曲线图形式、流程图形式、柱形图形式、饼式图形式、数据表格形式及平面图形式出现。这类题型具有文字少、信息简洁、要点分散等特征。图表类书面表达在近年的高考中时有出现，主要是一些关于情况调查、生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。这类统计图在日常生活中应用得非常广泛，因此，读懂它并能用英语清晰地表述出来就具有着很强的现实意义。如：2006年湖北卷要求考生根据柱状图表信息写出一篇调查短文。图表作文主要是介绍或说明某方面的情况，文体上属于说明文。考生应按照说明文的形式和特点来进行写作。由于这类题文字少、信息简洁，如果只是把图表中的内容一点一点地记叙出来，进行清单式的罗列，就会索然乏味，并且达不到字数要求。解题方法

对于这类形式的书面表达，考生首先要根据图表前的文字说明，弄清楚图表的性质、内容、规律，并做到如下几点： 1．细读图表．抓住特征

图表中的数据信息往往较多，首先要读懂其中的符号和数字所代表的意思。然后，从图表的整体着手，认真分析各项数据，抓住其主要特征，弄懂它们所揭示的规律。经常使用的词汇有：table, chart, figure, graph, describe, tell, show, represent等。

2．认真审读，确定主题

认真审读试题所提供的数据信息，结合文字提示，确定短文的主题。短文的主题往往隐含在图表中，需要考生从图表数据中概括出事情或事件的规律和特征，然后归纳出主题。有时，试题给出了短文的题目，也就等于为考生点明了主题。3．巧用数据，突出主题

引用数据说明基本趋势，比较数据揭示基本特征。由于图表中的数据信息较多，写作时要巧妙地引用一些数据来说明主题，不要作任何发挥。表达时，既要包含所有要点，但又不能面面俱到。经常使用的词汇有：rise，drop，reduce，increase，de-crease, fall, while, but, on the contrary, however, compare.., to／ with..., in contrast to, as...as, the same as, similar to, different from, difference between, among, more than, less than等。

4．词句多变，表达灵活

由于图表数据比较单调，很容易使人选用相同的词语和句式进行表达，结果文章显得很乏味。因此，写作时要尽量避免夏复使用同一词语或句型，选择一些异曲同工的词语和句式来表达。

5．适当发挥，表明观点

图表式书面表达有时题目要求考生在对数据进行分析、对比后，简单地谈谈自己的看法或提出建议，这属于让考生自主发挥的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分。考生要在该部分陈述自己的看法，表明自己的观点，提出解决问题的方法或建议。表述观点时，可以引用人们普遍的观点，也可说出自己独到的见解。借题发挥时，不可偏离主题，只要把观点表述清楚即可，不必作更多的解释或说明。经常使用的词有：in a word，in short，generally speaking, It's clear from the chart that..., We can draw the conclusion that..., We can learn／know...等。

【真题感悟】

用心

爱心

专心 受某英文报的委托，你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查。请根据以下信息，用英语为该报写一篇100词左右的短文。短文的标题及首句已为你写好。

调查内容：在新闻、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中，学生最喜欢哪一种

调查范围：湖北省的10所中学 调查对象：高中生

调查人数：1000 调查方式：访谈 调查结果：（见下图）

选择各类英文文章人数的百分比

解题示例 step I．

此篇书面表达的图表为柱形图，分别表明了喜爱阅读四种英语文章的学生比例。从图表中可看出：学生最喜欢阅读的是新闻类文章，而阅读学习方法类文章的人数最少。stepII．

短文标题和开头句已给出，要求写一篇调查报告，如实反映调查结果，所以文中叙述调查对象和内容时，其时态用过去时态，而根据图表表述调查结果时，要用～般现在时态。可按介绍调查情况和调查结果两个层次来写。1．调查对象及内容：

1,000 senior middle school students from 10 schools in Hubei Province, be interviewed;four sorts of English articles: news, stories, popular science and learning methods;2．调查结果：

53% like to read English news;26% are fond of reading stories;14% are interested in popular science articles;7% enjoy reading articles about learning method.用心

爱心

专心 stepⅢ，在调查报告的叙述中，可对某些数据采用抽象的概数，避免单调乏味。如：53%可表述为more than half,14%可根据其与7%的关系而表述为double等： step IV．

此篇短文中要表达“喜爱”的意思有多处，所以用词要多样，如：like, be fond of, enjoy, prefer, be interested in和be one's favorite：句式也要灵活地变化。step V．

本篇书面表达没要求你发表自己的看法，所以不宜过多发 挥．只要客观地表述调查的结果就行了。参考范文

Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students Recently a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students.In this survey, one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei Province were interviewed.They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles: news, stories, popular science articles and articles about learning methods.The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most.Twenty-six percent of the students say that English stories are their favorite.Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods.However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.范文赏析

短文条理清楚，层次分明。先是交代了此次调查的背景、对象、内容等，接着在第二自然段里，写作者成功地把图表信息转换成了文字信息。写作者没有按照图表顺序，机械地罗列数据而是用more than half, double等词语把53%,14%等数据巧妙地表达了出来。另外，像only, however及定语从句的使用让短文既流畅又简洁、紧凑。

【模仿试笔】

某对外发行的英文报纸对中国群众体育现状进行了调查，请根据下列图表和所给提示，用英语写一篇报道，向该报投稿。参加体育活动的人口比例：

用心

爱心

专心 3

(a)不懂锻炼方法(b)场地远、不方便(c)缺少场地设施(d)缺少时间

针对以上状况作出说明：

1．缺乏体育锻炼会使人们的体质下降； 2．应充分认识体育锻炼的重要性； 3．应采取措施，提供人们锻炼的场地和器材(facilities);

用心

爱心

专心 4 4．词数：100词左右；

5．文章的开头已给出，不计人总词数。

Recently we made a survey of the people on physical training...参考答案

Recently we made a survey about physical training.Only 35 percent of the surveyed people have taken part in physical activities, but the rest never have.There are many reasons for this.Over half of the people say they haven't got enough time to do exercise.34.9% of them complain that they don't have places where they can relax and that there are not enough training facilities.12.9% of the people feel that they live too far away from the training centers.Some of them even don' t know how to train.Because of lack of physical training, many people are not in good health.People should realize the importance of it, and measures should be taken to provide people with more training facilities and places.用心

爱心

专心 5

第五篇：第一讲：把握文章主要内容,理解作者的思想感情

第一讲：把握文章主要内容，理解作者的思想感情

1、归纳文章的主要内容

文章的主要内容，一般是指文章的主要情节，如果是记事的文章，就得知道事情得起因、经过和结果；如果是记人得文章，就得了解是一位怎样得人，他有哪些主要表现；如果是写景状物得文章，就得弄清写了哪些景物，表达了怎样得思想感情。

归纳主要内容，一般有如下几种方法：

（1）段意归纳法。先认真阅读文章，明确每段得大意，再将各段大意连起来归纳一下，就能得出文章得主要内容。

（2）文题扩展法。就是对文章的题目提出一些问题，再把这些问题的答案归纳起来，就会得出文章的主要内容。

（3）取重点段法。有些文章的重点段的段意能体现主要内容，我们就可以采用这种方法。记叙文中心思想的提炼：

记叙文的中心意思是蕴涵在所记叙的人、事之中的，所以准确归纳记叙文中心的关键是正确理解文章的内容，具体的方法有以下几种：

（1）抓住文中直接告诉读者中心意思的语句。如《生命的意义》最后一段。

（2）抓住文章开头、结尾段中提示中心意思的点题句、关键句，用适当的词语连贯起来。（3）通过结构分析来归纳中心意思，把文章各部分的大意连贯起来，加以综合概括，然后指出作者借以表达的思想、感情、态度等。

（4）联系时代背景，领会写作意图，在此基础上把握中心。如《最后一课》，我们只要了解法国当时濒临亡国的背景，就可以了解其中心了。

（5）审视文章题目，通过文章的题目，透视文章的主旨。

对文章中心的阐述，一般包括两部分：一是文章写了什么；一是所写内容表现了什么思想，歌颂了什么，批判了什么。

概括中心思想的基本要求是：确切、完整、简要。确切，就是要准确地概括出一篇文章所特有的思想意义；完整，就是要将文章的主要内容和作者写这篇文章的目的完整地概括出来；简要，就是语句应简明扼要。

概括中心思想应分“三步走”：

（一）读通文章，理解内容，知道文章写了哪些内容；

（二）理清思路，分清主次，知道主要写了什么内容；

（三）领会写作意图，知道作者在文章中赞扬什么，批评什么；歌颂什么，揭露什么；说明什么问题，抒发了什么感情。

2、文章思想感情的体会：

作者写文章总有一定的目的，作者的写作目的，往往体现在他所表达的思想和感情中。因此，体会文章里的思想感情也是学懂文章的基本要求。如何体会文章里的思想感情呢？（1）从重点句中去体会。（2）从关键词语中去体会。

（3）从对人物的语言、动作、神情以及心理活动的描写中去体会。（4）从对景物的描写中去体会。“一切景语皆情语”，“景”和“情”是分不开的。（5）从标点符号中去体会。要特别注意文章中的感叹号、省略号和问号的作用。答题样式：

1.。。（人物）在。。（时间、地点）做。。（事件）。。。（结果如何）

2.本文赞美了/歌颂了/揭露了/。。表达了作者的。。之情。