专四写作常见开篇方法

第一篇：专四写作常见开篇方法

专

四、专八英语作文的几种有效开篇段写法

漂亮的开篇是获取作文的高质量，同时也是高分数的重要部分，为了帮助同学们掌握有效的开篇手法，我在此重点介绍6种常见的、也是有效的作文开篇方法。希望同学们学以致用，至少每周开篇方法要练习使用3-4次，形成较深刻印象。对于自己特别喜欢的开篇方法要重点练习使用，直到熟练掌握。

1.使用数字

数字能够使人感到我们不是在空谈，能给人一种真实地感受。人们通常喜欢用数字说明问题，也容易受数字影响。所以我们可以使用数字来吸引人们的注意力。

Every day millions of job-hunters in the world write letters of applications, wishing that they would be given a chance of interview.2.用问题

在文章开始我们可以向读者提出问题，让读者跟着我们一起思考。但是要注意的是，我们提的问题不能简单，也不能太多，一般绝对不可以超过两个。通常情况下，我们的问题都会是设问句，答案就是文章的话题。

Now in our society what do you have to do if you want to find a job? What lies between you and an ideal job?(That is interview．)或者

Do you know any university graduate who does not want to succeed in the society? What does it take for a university graduate to succeed in the modern society? 3.用引语

我们可以引用名人名言或者某一领域里的专家的话。这种引言既可以是与我们的中心思想相一致的，也可以是有争议的，这样都可以达到吸引读者的目的。比如：“Success comes not only from perspiration and inspiration, but also from satisfactory performance in interviews,” commented Dr.Kenly in his book.或者According to traditional Chinese thoughts, a talent must be excellent at ability and morality．

4．直奔主题式或开门见山式(Direct opening)引言段可以直接表明文章的主题。以2005年题目为例，“Interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees.As a result，there have been many arguments for or against the interview as a selection procedure.What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view．”比如我们可以这样开始： Nowadays interview is becoming more and more important in recruitment或者 In the modern society，almost all university students look forward to success in employment．

这是最简单的方法，但是这种单刀直入的方法容易显得过于唐突，读者心理上不易接受。另外，它还可能会使人觉得文章内容单薄，给人以作者思想贫乏之感。所以我们并不推荐这种方法。5．收网式(Narrowing—down)

这种方法通常由一个宽泛的、读者非常认同的事实开始，然后逐步把读者的注意力引向文章要讨论的话题。前面的开头相当于一个铺垫，给读者一种自然而然的感觉，比如2005年的题目，我们还可以说：

With the development of market economy in China，more and more companies have come into being．When they need to take up more people，employers usually select through interviews．Similarly，when people need to find a job，they also need to perform well in interviews．Therefore，interview is becoming increasingly important in the modern society． 而对于2002年的题目，“All of us would agree that in order to be successful in the present-day society，we university students have to possess certain personal qualities that can enable us to realize our aims．What do you think is the most important personal quality of a university student?” 我们可以说：One feature of the modern society is the more respect given to individual values.When fighting for personal values and success，students need to catch good opportunities，but they also need to possess some essential personal qualities．

使用这种方法的关键是我们的网要撒得很开，但是收网时既不要太快，又不能过慢。如果在开始那个宽泛的话题上停留过久，就可能会使文章有跑题的危险。我们建议大家最多用三句话，就把网收起来。6.驳论式(Refutation)

这种方法是先说出一种与本文观点相反但读者可能会同意的观点，然后话锋一转，指出这一观点是错误，并亮出自己的观点。如果我们用这种方法写2005年的题目，就可能是这样：

Many of us may agree that China is a society relying heavily on guanxi, or relationship.We may all have the experience of having to resort to certain relationship in order to get something done, to find a good job, for example.But, with the development of market economy, recruitment is conducted more and more on the basis of interview rather than on various personal connections.而2002年的题目，可以是这样：

As the modern society puts more emphasis on personal difference and personal values，it provides more opportunities for students to seek success.However，the fact is that not everyone can succeed．Success calls for certain opportunities，but more importantly，it calls for many personal qualities．

在这种方式的开头中，转折词but或者however可以在很短的时间内就在读者脑海中造成一次撞击和冲突，所以比较能引起读者的关注。而如果我们能在阅卷老师业已疲惫不堪的脑海中形成这样一次撞击，就有可能给他们留下良好的第一印象。

当然，有些写作课可能还会介绍其他的开头方式，如讲故事(anecdote)等，但是对于考试来说，我们认为以上6种是最简洁、最高效的。

另外还要指出，有些同学可能认为直接引用题目中提示部分的内容是一个保证不跑题的方法，比如下面这个例子就是这样：

Nowadays interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees．As a result，there have been many arguments for or against it as a selection procedure．Some people regard it as a good way to select employees within a short time while others think it is not proper to decide oil a person just by interview．But, all of them have some truth．

这里前面几句基本上是直接从题目里抄来的。实践证明，这种做法可能会得不偿失。首先，阅卷老师对这几句话非常熟悉，他们知道这不是你自己写的，因此可能会认为你在投机取巧，进而对你形成不好的印象。

第二篇：专四常见短语搭配

专四常见短语1 catch one’s breath 喘气,松口气;屏息

catch one’s eye 引人注目

catch sight of 看到,发现

come into effect 生效;实施

come into operation 施行,实行,生效

come to one’s senses 醒悟;苏醒

come true 实现

could not help 禁不住,忍不住

cut short 中断,打断

do one’s best 尽力,努力

enjoy oneself 过得快活

fall in love with 爱 上

find fault(with)找岔

gain an advantage over 胜过,优于

get hold of 得到,获得

get rid of 丢弃,摆脱，get the best of 战胜

get the better of 战胜,占上风

get together 会面,装配

give rise to 引起,导致

give way 让路,让步

go ahead 开始,进行

go into effect 施行,实行,生效

go into operation 生效,实施

go wrong 出错,出故障

had better 应该

had rather 宁愿

had rather…than 宁愿…而不愿…

have an advantage over 胜过,优于

have in mind 想到;记得;打算

have nothing to do with 和…毫无关系

have(something/much/little)to do with 和…(有些/有很大/没有什么)关系

help oneself 自用,自取

keep an eye on 留意,照看

keep in mind 记住

keep one’s head 保持镇静

keep one’s word 守信用

keep pace(with)(与……)齐步前进

lead the way 引路,带路

learn by heart 记住,背诵

leave alone 不打扰,不干预

let alone 更别提,不打扰

let go(of)放,松手

lose heart 失去勇气,丧失信心

lose one’s head 慌乱,仓皇失措

lose one’s temper 发脾气,发努

lose sight of 忘记,忽略;看不见

make a /the difference 有影响,起作用

make friends 交朋友

make fun of 取笑,嘲弄

make one’s way 去,前往

make sense 讲得通,言之有理

专四常见短语2 make sure 查明;务必

make the best of 充分利用

make the most of 充分利用

make up one’s mind 下决心,打定主意

make use of 使用,利用

make way 让路,让出地方

may as well 还不如,不妨

never mind 不要紧;不用担心

pay attention to 注意

piece together 拼合 play a part(in)起作用,参于

put into effect 实施;使生效

put into operation 实施;使生效

put into practice 实施;实行

put to use

使用

see to it that 注意,务必,保证

see that 注意,务必,保证

set fire to 使燃烧,点燃

take……for 把……认为是

take a chance 冒险,投机

take(a)delight in 以……为乐

take advantage of 利用,趁……之机

take care 当心,注意

take care of 照顾,照料

take charge 管理,接管

take effect 生效,起作用

take into account 考虑

take for granted 认为……理所当然

take one’s time 不着急,不着慌

take pains 努力,尽力,下苦功

take part(in)参加,参于

take place 发生,进行,举行

take the place of 代替,取代

take turns 依次,轮流

throw light on 阐明,使了解

think better of 经考虑改变对…的看法

try one’s best 尽力,努力

2.形容词同介词的搭配

absent from 不在,缺席

abundant in 富于

alien to 与……相反

angry with sb at/about sth 生气,愤怒

anxious about/for 忧虑,担心

appropriate for/to 适当,合适

applicable to 适用于

apt at 聪明,善于

apt to 易于

ashamed of 羞愧,害臊

approximate to近拟,接近

aware of 意识到

available to sb for sth 可用,可供

bare of 几乎没有,缺乏

bound for 开往……

capable of 能够

careful of/about/with;小心,注意

certain of /about 确信,肯定

about/in doing characteristic of 特有,独特

clear of 没有,不接触

clever at 善于

close to 接近,亲近

comparable to/with 可比较

conscious of 察觉到,意识到

consequent on 随之而来

considerate towards 体谅,体贴

contemporary with 与……同时代

content with 满足于

contrary to 违反

counter to 与……相反

crazy about 热衷,着迷

critical of 挑剔,批评

curious about 好奇,想知道

distinct from 种类(风格)不同

doubtful of /about 怀疑

east of 在……东面

equal to 相等,胜任

equivalent to 等于,相当于

essential to/for 必不可少

expert at/in/on 善于

faithful to 忠实于

familiar to sb 为……所熟悉

familiar with sth 熟悉,通晓

fatal to 致命的 favourable to 支持,赞成 favourable for 有帮助的 fearful of 惧怕

fit for 适于

foreign to 非……所原有

fond of 喜欢

free of /from 未受……;免费

free with 康慨,大方

guilty of 有……罪的 hungry for 渴望

ignorant of 不知道

impatient at sth.不耐烦

impatient of 无法容忍

with sb independent of 不受……支配

impatient for 急切,渴望

专四常见短语3

indifferent to 无兴趣,不关心

indignant with sb.愤慨

inferior to 级别低于,不如

sb/about sth innocent of 无…罪,无辜

intent on 专心于

invisible to 不可见的 jealous of 嫉妒

keep on 爱好,很喜欢

liable for 对……有责任

liable to 易 于

access to ……的入口,通路

acquaintance with 相识,了解

action on sth 对……的作用

addition to sth 增加

admission to /into 进入,入(场,学,会)

admission of sth 承认

advance in 改进,进步

advantage over 优于……的有利条件

affection for/towards 爱,喜欢

answer to ……的答案

loyal to 忠于

mad at/with sb.生气,愤怒

mad with 因……发狂

next to 下一个,其次

necessary to /for 必要的 opposite to 在对面

open to 不限制,开放的 particular about 挑剔,讲究

parallel to 与……平等,类似

peculiar to 独特的,独有的 patient with 有耐心

prior to 在……之前

popular with 受……喜爱,爱戴

representative of 代表……的 relative to 与……有关

rich in 富于

responsible for 负责,是……原因

sensitive to 对……敏感

sensible of 觉查到

sick of 厌恶,厌倦

short of 缺少

skilled at /in 善于

similar to 相似

sufficient for 足够的 subject to 受制于,易于

superior to 优于,级别高于

suitable for/to 适合于

suspicious of 怀疑

sure of /about 对……有信心,确信

typical of 是典型的,特有的 tired of 对……不在感兴趣

votal to 对……关系重大

uncertain of /about 不确知

mad about/on 狂热迷恋

void of 没有,缺乏

3.名词同介词的搭配

absence from 缺席,不在 absence of 缺乏

anxiety for sth 渴望

apology to sb for sth 道歉 appeal to sb for sth 恳求,呼吁 appeal for 魅力,吸引力 appetite for 对……的欲望 application 把……应用于…… approach to 类似,办法,通道

of sth/to sth argument 赞成/反对…的理由arrangement for 对……的安排

for /against attack on 对……的进攻,评击 attempt at 尝试,企图 attention to 对……的注意 attraction for 对……的吸引力 balance between ……之间的平衡 barrier to ……的障碍 belief in 对……的信仰,相信 candidate for 候选人,人选 check on 检查,阻止 claim for sth 要求

collision with sb/sth 碰撞,冲突 comment on /about 对……的评论 between A and B

complaint of /about 报怨,控告 compromise between/on 折中,妥协 concentration on sth 专心,集中精力 concentration of sth 集中,聚集 concern about/for/over 担心 confidence in 对……的信任,相信 connection between;关系,连接 consent to sth 同意

with/to sth contact with sb/sth 接触,联系 contest for sth 争夺,竞争

contradiction between 矛盾,不一致

contrast to/with sth 对比,对照

contribution to 贡献,捐献,促成

between A and B conversation with sb 对话

conversion 转变,转换 about sth

of sth into sth credit for sth 荣誉,赞扬

damage to sth 损坏

danger to sb/sth 危险

decision on/against 做/不做……的决定

candidate for 候选人,人选

check on 检查,阻止

claim for sth 要求

collision with sb/sth 碰撞,冲突

comment on /about 对……的评论

between A and B

complaint of /about 报怨,控告

compromise between/on 折中,妥协

concentration on sth 专心,集中精力

decrease in sth ……的减少

defence against 防御,保卫

delegate to 参加……的代表

demand for 对……的需求

departure from 离开

desire for sth 渴望

difference 不同,差异

difference 分歧

between……in……

between…over… dispute about争论,辩论

admission of sth 承认

advance in 改进,进步

advantage over 优于……的有利条件

affection for/towards 爱,喜欢

answer to ……的答案

anxiety for sth 渴望

apology to sb for sth 道歉

appeal to sb for sth 恳求,呼吁

appeal for 魅力,吸引力

appetite for 对……的欲望

application 把……应用于……

approach to 类似,办法,通道 of sth/to sth

argument 赞成/反对……的理由

arrangement for 对……的安排

for /against attack on 对……的进攻,评击

attempt at 尝试,企图

attention to 对……的注意

attraction for 对……的吸引力

balance between ……之间的平衡

barrier to ……的障碍

belief in 对……的信仰,相信

concentration of sth 集中,聚集 concern about/for/over 担心 confidence in 对……的信任,相信 connection between;关系,连接 consent to sth 同意

with/to sth contact with sb/sth 接触,联系 contest for sth 争夺,竞争

contradiction between 矛盾,不一致 contrast to/with sth 对比,对照 contribution to 贡献,捐献,促成

between A and B conversation with sb 对话 conversion 转变,转换 about sth of sth into sth credit for sth 荣誉,赞扬 damage to sth 损坏 danger to sb/sth 危险

decision on/against 做/不做…的决定 decrease in sth ……的减少 defence against 防御,保卫 delegate to 参加……的代表 demand for 对……的需求 departure from 离开 desire for sth 渴望 difference 不同,差异 difference 分歧 between……in……

between……over…… dispute about 争论,辩论distinction between 区别 doubt about/as to 怀疑 effect on 对……的作用 emphasis on 对……的强调,注重 encounter with 遭遇,遇到

enthusiasm about/for 热情

entrance to ……的入口,入场

envy of sb 嫉妒

exception to ……的例外 of /at sth

exposure to sth 暴露

fancy for sth 喜爱

faith in 对……的信任,信仰

glance at 扫视

preference to sth 优先

proposal for sth 准备

prejudice against/ 对……的偏见,偏重

preparation for 建议

in favour of ……

专四常见短语4

protection for sb 保护

gratitude to sb 感激

guess at sth 猜测

for sth hatred for/of 仇恨

hazard to 危险

hunger for 渴望

impact on/ upon 对……的撞击,巨大影响

improvement on/in 对……的改进,提高

increase in sth 增加,增长

independence from 独立,自主

influence on 对……的影响

inquiry about 对……的查询

inquiry into 对……的调查

interaction with sth 相互作用

inteference in/with 干涉,阻碍

between /among sth

introduction to 引言,介绍,入门

memorial to sth 引进(物)

invitation to 邀请

investment in sth 投资

loyalty to sb/sth 忠诚

memorial to sb/sth 纪念碑

obstacle to sth 纪念碑

objection to sth 反对

opponent of sth ……的障碍

opponent at /in sth 对手

patience with 反对者

passion for 对……的强烈爱好,热爱

precaution against 耐心

pity for sb/sth 可怜,怜悯

preference for sth 预防,防备

preface to ……的前言

preparation for 偏爱

protest against sth 抗议

against sth provision for/against 准备 pull at/on sth 拉,拖 ratio of sth to sth 比率 reaction to 对……的反应 reason for 原因,理由 reference to 提及,参考 regard for 对……的注意,尊重 remedy for 补救,解决 reply to sb/sth 对……的回答 reputation for 名声,名气 request for sth 要求

research on/into 对……的研究,调查 resistance to 对……的抵抗,阻力 response to 对……的回答,反应 responsibility for 责任,负责 restrainst on sb/sth 限制,约束 search for 对……的搜寻 service to 服务,贡献

similarity between ……的相似之处 skill at 技巧,熟练

solution to ……的解决办法 sorrow at/for/over 悲哀,悲痛 stress on 对……的强调 supplement to sth 补充,增刊 sympathy for 对……的同情 sympathy with 对……的赞同 taste for 对……的爱好,喜爱 taste in 对……的审美能力 tendency to sth 趋向,趋势 trust in 对……的信赖,信任

wish for 欲望,愿望

4.常用其它短语

a series of 一系列,一连串

above all 首先,尤其是

after all 毕竟,究竟

ahead of 在……之前

ahead of time 提前

all at once 突然,同时

all but 几乎;除了……都

at first 最初,起先

at first sight 乍一看,初看起来

at hand 在手边,在附近

at heart 内心里,本质上

at home 在家,在国内

at intervals 不时,每隔……

at large 大多数,未被捕获的 at least 至少

at last 终于

all of a sudden 突然

all over 遍及

all over again 再一次,重新

all the time 一直,始终

all the same 仍然,照样的 as regards 关于,至于

anything but 根本不

as a matter of fact 实际上

apart from 除……外(有/无)

as a rule 通常,照例

as a result(of)因此,由于

as far as ……be concerned 就……而言

as far as 远至,到……程度

as for 至于,关于

as follows 如下

as if 好像,仿怫

as good as 和……几乎一样

as usual 像平常一样,照例

as to 至于,关于

all right 令人满意的;可以

as well 同样,也,还

as well as 除……外(也),即……又

aside from 除……外(还有)

at a loss 茫然,不知所措

at a time 一次,每次

at all 丝毫(不),一点也不

at all costs 不惜一切代价

at all events 不管怎样,无论如何

at all times 随时,总是

at any rate 无论如何,至少

at best 充其量,至多

at length 最终,终于 at most 至多,不超过 at no time 从不,决不 by accident 偶然

at one time 曾经,一度;同时 at present 目前,现在 at sb’s disposal 任……处理 at the cost of 以……为代价 at the mercy of 任凭……摆布 at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时,间或

back and forth 来回地,反复地 back of 在……后面 before long 不久以后 beside point 离题的,不相干的 beyond question 毫无疑问 by air 通过航空途径 by all means 尽一切办法,务必by and by 不久,迟早 by chance 偶然,碰巧 by far 最,……得多 by hand 用手,用体力 by iteslf 自动地,独自地 by means of 用,依靠 by mistake 错误地,无意地 by no means 决不,并没有 by oneself 单独地,独自地 by reson of 由于 by the way 顺便说说 by virtue of 借助,由于

by way of 经由,通过……方法

due to 由于,因为

each other 互相

even if/though 即使,虽然

ever so 非常,极其

every now and then 时而,偶尔

every other 每隔一个的 except for 除了……外

in detail 详细地

in difficulty 处境困难

in effect 实际上,事实上

in general 一般来说,大体上

in favour of 支持,赞成 in front of 面对,在……前

in half 成两半

in hand 在进行中,待办理

face to face 面对面地

far from 远非,远离

for ever 永远

for good 永久地

for the better 好转

for the moment 暂时,目前

for the present 暂时,目前

for the sake of 为了,为了……的利益

for the time being 暂时,眼下

from time to time 有时,不时

hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切关联

head on 迎面地,正面的 heart and soul 全心全意地

how about ……怎么样

in a hurry 匆忙,急于

in case of 假如,防备

in a moment 立刻,一会儿

in a sense 从某种意义上说

in a way 在某种程度上

in a word 简言之,总之

in accordance with 与……一致,按照

in addition 另外,加之

in addition to 除……之外(还)

in advance 预先,事先

in all 总共,合计

in any case 无论如何

in any event 无论如何

in brief 简单地说

in charge of 负责,总管

in common 共用的,共有的 in consequence(of)因此;由于

in debt 欠债,欠情

专四常见短语5

in honour of 为庆祝,为纪念 in itself 本质上,就其本身而言in line with 与……一致 in memory of 纪念 in no case 决不 in no time 立即,马上 in no way 决不 in order 按顺序,按次序 in other words 换句话说 in part 部分地 in particular 特别,尤其 in person 亲自,本人 in place 在合适的位置 in place of 代替,取代,交换 in practice 在实践中,实际上 in proportion to 与……成比例in public 公开地,当众 in quantity 大量 in question 正在谈论的 in regard to 关于,至于 in relation to 关于,涉及 in return 作为报答/回报/交换 in return for 作为对……报答 in short 简言之,总之 in sight 被见到;在望 in spite of 尽管 in step 齐步,合拍

in step with 与……一致/协调 in tears 流着泪,在哭着

in the course of 在……期间/过程中

in the distance 在远处

in the end 最后,终于

in the event of 如果……发生,万一

in the face of 即使;在……面前

in the first place 首先

in the future 在未来

in the least 丝毫,一点

in(the)light of 鉴于,由于

on duty 上班,值班

on earth 究竟,到底

on fire 起火着火

on foot 步行，on guard 站岗,值班

on hand 在场,在手边

on occasion(s)有时,间或

on one’s own 独立,独自

on purpose 故意地

in the way 挡道

in the world 究竟,到底

in time 及时

in touch 联系,接触

in turn 依次,轮流;转而

in vain 徒劳,白费力

instead of 代替,而不是

just now 眼下;刚才

little by little 逐渐地

lots of 许多

many a 许多

more or less 或多或少,有点

next door 隔壁的,在隔壁

no doubt 无疑地

no less than 不少于……;不亚于……

no longer 不再

no more 不再

no more than 至多,同……一样不

none other than 不是别的,正是

on one’s guard 警惕,提防

nothing but 只有,只不过

now and then 时而,偶尔

off and on 断断续续,间歇地

off duty 下班

on a large/small scale 大/小规模地

on account of 由于

on(an/the)average平均,通常

on behalf of 代表

on board 在船(车/飞机)上

on business 因公

on condition that 如果

on sale 出售,廉价出售 on schedule 按时间表,准时 on second thoughts 经重新考虑 on the contrary 正相反

on the grounds of 根据,以……为由on(the)one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 on the point of 即将……的时刻 on the road 在旅途中 on the side 作为兼职/副 业 on the spot 在场;马上 on the whole 总的来说,大体上 on time 准时 once again 再一次

once(and)for all 一劳永逸地 once in a while 偶尔 once more 再一次 once upon a time 从前 one another 相互 or else 否则,要不然 or so 大约,左右 other than 非;除了 out of 从……中;由于;缺乏 out of breath 喘不过气来 out of control 失去控制 out of date 过时的 out of doors 在户外 out of order 出故障的 out of place 不适当的 out of practice 久不练习,荒疏 out of sight 看不见,在视野外

out of the question 毫无可能的 out of touch 不联系,不接触

over and over(again)一再地,再三地

prior to 在……之前

quite a few 相当多,不少

rather than 不是……(而是)

regardless of 不顾,不惜

right away 立即,马上

side by side 肩并肩,一起

so far 迄今为止

sooner or later 迟早,早晚

step by step 逐步地

such as 例如,诸如

thanks to 由于,多亏

that is(to say)就是说,即

to the point 切中要害,切题

under control 处于控制之下

under the circumstances 这种情况下

up to date 在进行中

up to 多达;直到;胜任;取决于

what if 切合目前情况的 what about 怎么样

with respect to 如果……将怎么样

with regard to 关于,至于

without question 关于,至于，with the exception of 除……之外

without question 毫无疑问

word for word 逐字的

第三篇：开篇写作要点

主题：纳兰海映分享开篇写作要点

时间：2012－12－2

晚上7:00——8:00

地点：17k商写青训营

女频群

主讲人：纳兰海映

主讲人介绍：纳兰海映，17K女生网签约作者。宅女一枚。

代表作品《危情契约：总裁的毒宠妻》、《豪门债：总裁前夫放过我》。

其中《危情契约：总裁的毒宠妻》已经完本，点击过百万。

新作品《一夜缠情：女人，要定你》，26日起女频单日收入榜首。订阅稳居前三。

讲课部分

亲爱的们，各位教官们，大家晚上好！我是纳兰海映。很开心能够与大家相识！

感谢17K团队对纳兰的信任和厚爱，很荣幸能有机会和大家一起交流和学习写作中的一些问题，促使我们大家一起进步，写出更多好的，优秀的作品。

今天我想和亲爱的们一起分享写网络文开篇的一些小问题：主要是：书名+简介+开篇前十章。

1）开篇的书名和简介：

无疑，一个文最重要的先是书名和简介，先来讲讲书名。

书名要足够的鲜明，醒目，或者能够体现出你角色的性格，比如霸道，比如温柔，或者用正反的方法写书名，例如：《我的温柔狼君》。一个温柔，一个狼……形成鲜明的对比，会令读者有足够想象的空间，有读下去的渴望。

其次是简介。

简介最好是能提炼出你故事的亮点，比如用文中几句最精彩的对白，吸引读者的眼球，让读者有读下去的欲望；或者用最精炼的语言，概括你全文的中心故事，令读者一目了然，不建议简介过长，太长了，整个故事的大概内容可能都被猜到了，就失去了新鲜感，最后可能导致读者弃文，所以，简介建议是稍许的含蓄一点，给它蒙上一层朦胧的色彩。

2）开篇前十章：

A.开局：文章开局要有代入感：例如用新婚之夜类似的情节开局，让读者点进页面时就欲罢不能！不宜啰嗦，繁琐，应该简单明了的直接入题。

B.情节：一定要有比较激烈的冲突，不宜平淡，要有波折起伏，故事节奏要快，叙述简洁。而且一开始不应挤入太多的人物信息，最好是只说一件事情，出场两至三个人物„„太多人物，读者脑袋容易混乱，看了半天还不知道谁是女主，谁是男主！

C.人物形象：利用你的笔力刻画你文中的人物形象生动，赋予笔下的男女主以鲜活的生命，活泼的，安静的，强势的„„这些性格，在开始的十章，要给读者们留下深刻的印象，以致于爱上你文中的女主角和男主角。写言情小说，重在一个情感的发生，发展！“情”这个字一定要写透！尤其是男主角的刻画，一定要给大家留有幻想，憧憬的空间，而且千万不能让你的男配盖过你的男主风头，造成喧宾夺主。

D.伏笔：如果你想将文写长，尽量留伏笔，留悬念，不仅仅是让文可以写长，更能增加噱头，增加可看性。

我要分享的就是以上几点内容了，书名+简介+前十章，把握好了就是很好的文，但愿以上所说的能够给大家带来一点点的帮助。

提问部分

【问1】如果男女主有不得已的原因必须分开很久，这时候男配戏份比较多，最多几章合适？

【主讲：纳兰海映】男配和女主的戏份，这个能不写就不写，尽量少写。主要是着手写女主和男主，你可以直接写多少年后的事，中间的一段在后面稍许的涉及。

【问2】情节上十章以后要注意些什么吗？人物要是多层层叠叠的写是什么意思呢？人物多的时候应该怎么处理呢？

【主讲：纳兰海映】十章之后呢，你就要把握节奏了，慢慢的将节奏控制，稍许放慢，人物多的时候，就慢慢的理清主次关系，次要的人物直接忽视。

【问3】假如没有配角的衬托，文章能生动吗，没有配角不就不能突出主角的完美了吗？

【主讲：纳兰海映】关于女强文……女主性格要强势，这是最必须的，但偶尔也要让她流露出小女人的可爱，一味的强就会乏味，性格不要一成不变。

【问4】我想问的是男配宣宾夺主是否可以 比如说泡沫之夏洛熙相对欧辰更受读者喜爱一些。

【主讲：纳兰海映】一定要有配角，只有男女主角的小说，不算是完整的小说，各种小角色也要赋予他们生命，写活他们，但切记不要盖过风头。

【问5】我想问，女强文中事件和情感发展并存时，怎么处理才能让情感上看起来为主？体现女主强大时，男主弱化了怎么处理？

【主讲：纳兰海映】事件和情感，可以在事件上女主出风头，因为这是女强主要写女主，在感情上可以令女主很小女人。

【问6】大大，我们在写作过程中遇到瓶颈会怎么办？

【主讲：纳兰海映】这个问题，卡文是一定会出现的，卡文时你可以去看看其他人的文，给你一点灵感。或者你也强迫自己写，然后再回过头来修改文。

【问7】如何描述才能使配角不盖过风头呢，应怎样去避免捏。假如真的有点盖住呢，怎样把歪的扳正啊？

【主讲：纳兰海映】那么就让配角出场的机会少下来，或者你也可以让男配使点坏，就可以扳正了。

【问8】男主将女主逼死了，但是女主被人救了这期间的生活和男配们在一起，会不会抢了男主的戏？

【主讲：纳兰海映】女主和男配这期间的对手戏少写，直接可以写到被男配救过之后的事情！男主是你文中的中心骨，你必须让他出风头，多写有关于他的事情。

【问9】我想问在写主角心情的时候，要在那里加上一些景物描写来衬托心情呢？

【主讲：纳兰海映】比如心情坏的时候，突然之间下大雨，这是很老套的情节，但却能很好的衬托心情。

问题就回答到这里了，亲爱的们也和纳兰一起努力码字，写出更多的文文来

第四篇：专四考试写作

写作包括两部分，一是要求在35分钟内写一篇150字左右的短文，二是要求在10分钟内写一个50--60字的便条。这两部分均为命题作文，作文内容与大学生的日常生活、学习都密切相关，另外也有社会热点问题，比如环保、旅游、健身等，题目理解起来都比较容易。

短文写作部分文体为议论文，一般采用三段式的结构，第一段为论点，第二段为论据，第三段为结论。最高要求为文章内容切题，思想表达清楚，论据充分，论证严密，基本无语言错误。要想写好一篇文章，应该注意一下写作步骤： 

1.审题：作文评分的第一个要求就是内容切题，因此审题特别关键。专业四级作文都是命题作文，而且多有中文提示或提纲，所以你首先应了解命题的基本要求，理解题目的真正意图，然后确定提纲中的关键词及各要点间的逻辑，整理自己的思路，对自己所想到的内容进行组织和全面安排。尤其对要讨论的问题，该涉及的内容，所需的事实、例证、阐述、说明和总结等，在头脑中形成一个整体的构思。

2.组织段落：构思好之后，根据构思的提纲，运用选好的材料，恰当地运用连词，合理安排段落，使文章条理清楚、内容连贯。段落的组织主要是通过扩展句对主题句的支持或说明来进行的。各段的主题句在审题构思时就应基本形成，主题句确定下来，接着就是通过一系列的扩展句，来说明、论证或阐述主题句的思想。常见的段落展开方法有列举、举例、比较和对比、因果、叙述、归类、下定义等，考试时应灵活运用。

3.修改：也就是说要删除与主题不相干的内容，检查句子时态、语态等。特别应注意单词的正确拼写；字母大小写和标点符号；数的一致性（包括主语与谓语以及名词与其限定语的单复数一致性）；指代关系（包括指代的一致性和代词的选用）；动词形式（时态、语态、语气）等方面。

关于考试过程中短文写作的时间分配问题。我们知道，短文写作的时间为35分钟, 要力争写完写好, 这就要求考生做到有条不紊，忙而不乱，充分发挥自己应有的水平。建议按照如下的方案分配时间: 审题1～2分钟；组织素材, 细节和关键词: 4～5分钟； 起草: 20～25分钟；修改定稿: 4～5分钟。

最后要说明的是，从某种意义上来说，专业四级考试作文有其固定的写作格式、结构，而对于固定的题型，有固定不变的表达法。因此，大家有理由相信只要训练方法得当，搞好写作是不难的。大家不妨试试多背范文和常用句型，包括各类型作文的开头、结尾句、中间展开、过渡句，以及比较、图表说明等的常用句型和表达法，然后自己多动笔写一写，只要按这样的方法进行练习，相信在一定时间内就可以在写作上取得满意的分数。因为是三段式作文，写作的时候一定注意第一段提出的论点要简洁明了，开门见山；第二段的论据要能充分说明论点，论证条理清楚；第三段的结论要水到渠成，切忌草率，严谨完整的结尾是取得高分的保证。 便条写作最主要的是注意格式正确，交待清楚，比如请柬、贺信、道歉函等，要注意称呼、正文、签名等的格式，一定要把相关的时间、地点、原因及主要事件内容交待清楚。

小作文范文：

1.邀请便条：

①发出邀请a April 20, 2008

Dear Fiona，I am going to hold a dinner party with several other friends of ours.The party will be held in Room 6 of Lijing Hotel at 5:00 p.m.today, I sincerely hope you can attend and we will have a very happy time together.Please let me know whether you can make it.Yours，Amelia

发出邀请b

April 20, 2008

Dear Fiona，Here is a piece of good news for you.The * will give a performance in the * tomorrow evening.I am sure that you will be happy to watch it.The performance will begin at seven o’clock sharp.I will wait for you at the theater entrance.Please let me know whether you can make it at your earliest convenience.Yours，Amelia

发出邀请c

April 20, 2008

Dear Professor Zhou, I am Amelia from class 052;I need you to give me some suggestion on my project.If it doesn’t trouble you too much, shall we have a meet at your office tomorrow? Time is up to you.Respectful yours，Amelia

发出邀请d（通知）

April 20, 2008

Dear girls and boys in Class 0403，This Saturday evening, from 7 p.m.to 9 p.m., at Singeing dining hall, there will be a ball held by Class 0301.We warmly invite you to take part in it.There you can enjoy yourselves with dance, music and various games.And we’ll have a chance of communication, which will enhance the friendship between us.Come and enjoy ourselves together.Yours，Mike

Monitor of Class 0301

②接受邀请

April 20, 2008

Dear Amelia，It’s so kind of you to invite me to the dinner party, I would like to come.I will go to the place right after I finish my work at about 5 p.m.this evening.(如果是办在家里：I shall be very happy to call at your house right after I finish my work at 6:30 this evening.)Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours，Fiona

③拒绝邀请

April 20, 2008

Dear Amelia，It’s so kind of you to invite me to the dinner party, I would like to but I have a meeting to attend this evening, please give my best regards to them all and I hope my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience, have fun.Yours，Amelia

2．请假条

April 20, 2008

Dear Ms.Jiang，I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this morning two periods of English Class（I‘m terribly sorry to apply for ten days’ leave from the Aug.23rd to Sep.3rd）due to a bad cold and high fever.I will show you the certificate from the doctor to support my application.I will go back to school as soon as I recover.（I promise I will do my best to catch the missed lessons on after I come back.）Wish for your allowance.Yours respectfully，Amelia

3．请求便条

a．讲清事情的因由（为什么请求）

b．请求行为

c．请求实现方式

d．致谢

套句：

请求帮助： Would you do me a favor? Would you be so kind as to…?/ Could I trouble you to send this book for me?/ I wonder if you would tell me…?/ If it is not too troublesome, could you…?/ I hope this request will not trouble you too much.请求允许：Please give me a few more days./May I have a look at your dictionary? / Would you mind if I opened the window? / I wonder if I could open the door./ Would it be possible to have a talk with you? 请求做事(要求与暗示)：Let’s go to the bookstore this afternoon./ I want to have a look at your book./ I wish you could…/ I would like ask you to clean the room./ You are making a big mess./ I feel a bit hungry now.What time is it now?

范文：

April 20，2008

Dear Professor Hu，I am very happy to have the chance to listen to your lecture on “American Literature”.But it is a pity that I was late that day due to an accident on my way to the lecture and failed to get the handout.Your lecture is really instructive for my English study, so I wonder if you could kindly e-mail the handout to the address: zhang123@yahoo.com.cn.Heartfelt thanks.Respectfully yours，Amelia

4．抱怨投诉便条(关键词complain, dissatisfaction)

a．抱怨投诉行为

b．投诉内容具体描述

c．要求弥补纠正赔偿

d．抱怨投诉者对弥补纠正赔偿等的敦促或威胁

套句：

行为描述I’m writing to bring your attention to the problems I have had with …

Here’s the problem…

解决方式的要求：It would be very kind(considerate)of you to…address this problem soon./ take steps to rectify this situation soon./ turn it down a little? /

敦促或威胁: Frankly, I really can’t put up with the situation any more.You must rectify the situation, or I will take it to the court./ If you can’t give me a satisfactory answer, I will complain it to the Consumer Association.范文：

April 20，2008

Dear Sir or Madam，I went to your store to buy a Radio watch last Sunday.When I mentioned the high price, the No.5 saleswoman replied in a sarcastic tone, “You can go ahead and buy a cheap fake from other stores”.She didn’t know how to treat a prospective buyer!I hope you can improve your service and give me a face-to-face apology.My telephone number is 010-12345567.Sincerely yours，Amelia

5.道歉便条

a道歉的行为与内容，b具体理由，c弥补方法，d进一步致歉。

套句：

道歉行为： I’m writing to show my apology for…/ I would like to express my apologies for not being able to…/I’m sorry to say that I’ve not finished reading it through, and have to keep it until next Sunday./ Excuse me for my delaying in turning in my assignment.道歉理由：I had a minor accident./ I had a minor operation.弥补纠正及其承诺：I am sure I can make up the loss by…/ I promise it will never happen again./ It would be very kind(considerate)of you to give me another chance to…(to give me another two days

进一步致歉： Many apologies./ Do please forgive me.范文：

April 20，2008

Dear Fiona，I am writing to you to apologize for the abrupt way I departed just after the exams finished.It was terribly rude of me to have left without saying good-bye to you.The fact is that I was so excited when I learned I had passed the exams with high marks that I couldn’t wait to get home and tell my parents.I am sure you will understand my feelings.Please accept my sincere apology, and with you a really happy holiday.Yours truthfully，Amelia

April 20，2008

Dear Fiona，I am sorry I missed seeing you yesterday.I know that you must have been disappointed.I also feel worried and anxious in my heart.The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare an urgent plan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p.m.I am terribly sorry.However, I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday.Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply.Sincerely yours，Amelia

Dear Fiona，I imagine that you must be enjoying your birthday party today.I write this letter to offer my heartiest congratulations and best wishes for many returns of the day.It is a great pity that I cannot be with you.But remember I am thinking of you all the time.I hope that all your years to come will be twice as happy and as merry as those past.

Please accept the small gift I am sending you as a token of my best wishes for your happy birthday.

Sincerely yours，Amelia

6．祝贺

a.祝贺内容

b．表示祝贺

c．积极评价

d．忠心祝福（再次祝贺＋祝福未来）

套句：

祝贺之事和自己的反应： I’m so happy to learn that you’ve just passed your thesis defense./ I’m so pleased to hear that you’ve got the admission by the Cambridge University to further your graduate study.祝贺行为: Please accept my warmest congratulations.对成功的评价和对对方的钦佩；You really deserve it because…/ This meant years of your hard work, and it’s an achievement you can well be proud of./ I have been appreciating your excellent performance in study and ability in your work.美好祝愿； You will have a brilliant future./ I believe our school life will be more colorful under your leadership./ I believe that the knowledge you’ve acquired will enable you to be successful in whatever aspect of life.Congratulations again and all good wishes for your future study.范文：

April 20，2008

Dear Shirly，I am so excited to learn that you’ve been admitted by Shanghai International Studies University as a graduate.Warm congratulations on the realization of your dream.This has meant years of your hard work, and you can really be proud of it.Your success is really an encouragement to me and I wish we can meet there next year, Best wishes to you.Yours，Amelia

7.致谢便条：

套句：

致谢内容，交代感谢原因：I am writing to tell you how much I enjoyed the weekend in your village./ / I am writing to express my appreciation for all that you did for me during my visit in Shanghai./ I am writing to tell you how much I appreciate your hospitality.Thank you so much for your assistance/ for the information your gave us.进一步解释对方的帮助给自己带来的好处，再次致谢，回馈承诺Please accept my warmest thanks,I hope I have the chance to reciprocate your kindness.范文：

April 20，2008

Dear Peter，I’m writing to show my gratitude for your invitation to your birthday party.That was a really wonderful party.I appreciate your considerate arrangement and wonderful performance you had prepared.And it also offered me a chance to meet many old friends.I really enjoyed that night and I do hope you will have a wonderful life.Yours，Amelia

Dear Professor Chen，It is just three weeks since I consulted you on how to write a research paper and I’d like to assure you that I really appreciate your help.

Your advice has been very valuable, and I have read the books recommended by you with gratifying results.I have finished my research paper, and I owe it to your help.I would like to express my gratitude, along with my best wishes.

Respectful yours

Amelia

8．留言条

谁？时间？ 什么事情？ 要求？

范文：

Apr.20，2008

Dear Yang，A Mr.Liu Bing called you this morning but you were not in.He wanted to meet you this coming Saturday, 9 a.m., at the university gate.If that is not convenient for you, you are requested to ring him up at any time evening from 8 p.m.to 10 p.m.at 123454576.Yours，Amelia

Apr.20，2008

Dear Fiona，This afternoon, I came to your dormitory to return” Gone with the Wind” that you had kindly lent me last week.Unfortunately, you were not here and your roommates seemed to be out as well.I had no choice but to take the book back.I wonder if you could contract with me anytime in the evening so that I could find appropriate time to visit you.Sincerely yours，Amelia

9．广告（求购与转让）

转让求购的理由。I will graduate soon./ To improve my listening comprehension, I….? In need of money for an emergent affair, I would like to sell my computer.转让求购行为和内容。I have a computer for sale./ Before I leave this college, I’d like to sell my computer./ I want to buy a secondhand walkman to study English./ In need of money, I want to sell my lovely bag at a low price.转让/求购事物的具体状况。The car is still in good condition./ I just bought it last month, and it can work perfectly well.转让/求购的价格商定。I can pay it for at most 50 yuan./ I will charge only 200 for it.范文：Offer to Buy

April 20, 2008

Dear boys and girls，I badly need a ticket for postgraduate entrance examination instruction by the New Oriental School.If you have one to sale, I’d like to pay it for twice the original price, for I have been longing for it and hence have canceled my trip to Hong Kong.Call me at 1234567;my cell phone will be on for 24 hours.Yours，Amelia

Offer to sell April 20, 2008

Dear Schoolmates，I’m a four-year student from the English Department.In two weeks, I will graduate from this university.I’ve decided not to bring my bike with me when I leave.So I’d like to part with it, and sell it to someone who might need it.It is half new, dark and light.With curved bars, it is mainly for lady’s use.As far as the price is concerned, I’d like to sell it for eighty yuan.Those interested in it can come and have a look at it before making a decision.Add: Room 402, Student Dormitory Building No.5

Tel: 1668889

10.申请

April 20, 2008

Dear Sirs:

I have learned from the newspaper that there is a vacancy for a teacher of English during the summer vacation.I wish to be considered as an applicant for the position.Enclosed is my resume.I would be greatly grateful if you would grant me a chance for an interview.

Respectfully yours，Amelia

Applying for Studying in a University

Dear Sir，I am seeking an opportunity to study English in your university after my graduation from the Foreign Language Department of Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, the People’s Republic of China next year.Please inform me of the application procedure for admission.I intend to support myself financially during the period of my study in your university.I should be grateful if you would kindly let me have the details concerning the eligibility of a student from a foreign country for any scholarship in your English department.I am looking forward to your reply in due time.

Yours faithfully，Amelia

11.失物招领 Lose

Gentlemen，I took the last bus(No.406)home last night and got off at Zhejiang Wanli University.After arriving home, I noticed that I had left my bag on the bus.It is a black bag made of leather with a zipper.Inside are some books, a bunch of keys and my photos.If you happen to find the above bag, would you kindly let me know about it?

My address: Room 321, Dormitory Building Eight, DMU

My phone number: 4720123

Loser，Amelia

April 20, 2008

Found

I happened to find a bag on the playground yesterday afternoon, in which there are some books, a pencil box and a watch.The loser is expected to come to the office of Foreign Language Department to claim it.The phone number is 4729646.

Finder，Amelia

March 8, 2000

12.咨询：

Dear Sir，I am a freshman of Wanli University and am greatly interested in registering your club membership.So I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information about the qualification fees, available facilities and activities, and other relative details.I am looking forward to your early reply.Thanks in advance.Yours，Amelia

第五篇：专四写作讲座之作文闪光点

作文是各类英语考试中得分率最低的题型之一。同学们在掌握了一定的作文模板，和基本的语法、词汇、句型用法之后，如果能在作文中创造一些词汇和句型的闪光点，必定会使你的作文如虎添翼！

高分作文标志

1、是否长短句交叉；

2、是否会使用插入语；

3、用词是否多样，准确，形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词；

4、关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词；

5、句型使用是否准确、地道。

下面给出写好一篇作文的注意事项：

1.适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观的反映事实, 句子开头不要总是用we / I(比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to.)举个经典结尾2004年六月六级作文的最后一段：It is, therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that.By doing so，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.2.善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。

如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。

比如说： Other individuals, however, take the attitude that …

3.一定要学会换词，换形象，具体的替换太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion 等等)比如上面例子applicable替换proper, approaches替换ways, implement替换carry out, sharpen one’s competitive edge替换enhance one’s competitiveness(提高某物竞争力)

下面举一篇某位同学写的优秀作文(14分)的例子，看看他是如何运用各类写作技巧的。这位同学把老师上课讲的各类写作手法和精彩替换和句型都用上了，作文有了很大的提高。

Computer and I By Simmy

I never forget the exceedingly thrilling day when my mother bought me a computer as birthday present, which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that i indulged myself in googling an army of useful information i had expected ,and enjoy a sea of melodious classic music.That night I was sleepless, feeling that the whole world belonged to me.exceedingly 替换 very

thrilling 替换 exciting

sth.exert a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb.be interested in sth.google 替换 search

an army of 替换 a lot of

The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers.Coincident with the advancement of science and technology, computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing numbers of individuals.It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them, in large measure!

The dawn of the new century witnessed 是一个精彩句型，用来描述在某个时期发生了什么事情；

Increasing popularity 替换 more and more popular

Coincident with … 非常地道的句型，表达“与…一致”的意思，替换 With …

Advancement 替换 development

Pour into(flood into / swarm into)替换 enter into

Current(currently)替换 now

Appeal to sb.替换 sb.be interested in sth.Growing numbers of individuals 替换 more and more people

It is no exaggeration to say 经典句型，说某事是毫不夸张的

For a start, we can, freely, search desired information at any moment.Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened.Additionally, we can get huge recreations online by chatting, playing games, or delivering email.For a start 替换 To begin with

We can, freely, search 用了插入语的写作手法

our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened.用了非常精彩的被动

Additionally 替换 In addition / Besides Deliver 替换 send

There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, in a way, especially the growing violence , obscene, porn pictures, AV-films emerging on the screen , which leads quiet a few net citizens to copying.There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, 这个句子有三个精彩之处，首先There is no denying that这个句型，还有however作为插入语，function in the disservice of 替换 do harm to

Emerging 替换 appearing(fading 替换 disappearing)

Net citizen 网民，属于精彩用词

As a classic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds.Computers do play a positive role in the development of people' lives, despite a slice of unfavorable impacts.We should , therefore, take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet.No garden has no weeds 替换 Every coin has two sides

Computers do play，do 强调

Positive 替换 important / good 等

A slice of 替换 a part of

Unfavorable 替换 bad

Impacts 替换 effects / influences

We should, therefore, take advantage of … 使用插入语

Fruits(而且fruits 用的非常形象，merits/ virtues)替换 advantage(defects 替换 disadvantage)

Facet 替换 aspect

各位同学，上面的作文里有这么多精彩的闪光点，作文怎么会不得高分呢！

以下是30个最经典的替换词，各位同学可以参考一下。

1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)

2: positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good

3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill(有害的)替换bad

如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换

eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many。。, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。

Eg.Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some

6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think

(因为是书面语，所以要加that)

7，affair ,business ,matter 替换thing

8: shared 代 common

9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits

10for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion

11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful, 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer

15.exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换very 16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable...替换 unnecessary, avoidable

17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb.be interested in

18.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.22.There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth 23.desire 替换want.24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to

25.bear in mind that 替换remember 26.enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)27.interaction替换communication 28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance

30.next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible

希望大家能够在平时的学习中多总结精彩、地道的词汇和句型闪光点！常用连接词

To Add: and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover, in addition, first(second, etc.)，To Compare: whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, but, although，conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true

To Prove: because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is

To Show Exception: yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes

To Show Time: immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first(second, etc.), next, and then

To Repeat in brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted，To Emphasize: definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation

To Show Sequence: first, second, third, and so forth.A, B, C, and so forth.next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon

To Give an Example: for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration，To Summarize or Conclude：in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently, on the whole

一、常用句型及单词

A.开头

1、There is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: ______________.2、______________ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.3、Recently, _________has been brought to such popular attention that _________

(e.g.Recently, the problem of global warming has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the top of the agenda.).4、One of our ancient philosophers said, ______________.Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.5.No one，regardless of race, religion or nationality, would deny that...或：Everyone would agree that...B 结尾

1)Only in this way/Only when……/Only through……, will/can we……或：It is only if/when……that we will……

It is only if all sides of society take their roles fully that we will achieve the society we want.2)As long as……we will be able to……/the problem is bound to……

As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the masses, all the superstitions are bound to go out of our life.3)With a constant/steady improvement in ……(或With the gradual worsening of……)sth.will……

With a steady improvement in our legal system, this problem will sure be solved earlier or later.4)In a word there is every/little chance/probability/possibility that.……in time to come.A

In one word, there is every chance that this Chinese traditon will continue to entertain millions of Chinese citizens.C.中间

1．建议和解决方法

1）.A great number of solutions are being offered.Some people suggest that ______________.Others argue that ______________.2）.But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve ______________.For instance, ______________.Worst of all, ______________.3）.My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows.In the first place,….Secondly,….Finally

4）.If we let the situation go as it is, ….By that time, ….如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么到那个时候，……。

5）If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。

2.It 结构

1）It is advisable to exercise（拥有）patience in dealing with such complicated situations.2）It is necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other.3）It is certain that fresh air and exercises are more enjoyable and beneficial than medicine.4）It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate.5）It seemed to me that the only thing that matters is to learn through failure.6）It pays in the long run（从长远的角度看……）to introduce new technique.3.动名词或分词结构

1）Drinking，eating，and smoking excessively can do severe harm to even a young person's health.2）The art of communication requires learning the language and culture of the audience.4.递进式结构

1）Fresh vegetables are nutritious（有营养的）；furthermore，they re cheaper than frozen ones.2）Helping others will not only bring joy into other people's lives，but also added happiness into our own.5.表示重要性或必要性

1）It's important to set aside time for relaxation，hobbies，and entertainment as well.2）A harmonious atmosphere is essential（necessary / critical / indispensable）to achieve success.3）Global warming can endanger our lives so much that we are obliged to make a careful study of the problem and try to find out a lasting solution to it.6.表示目的1）The purpose of a test is to show what you have leaned about a subject.2）The intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word.3）Competitive sports are recommended to young adults to prepare them for the competitive world of college and business.7.表示结果

1）Too much work and too little rest may lead to loss of health.2）If you try to learn too many things at a time，you may get confused.3）By consistent hard work we will be able to achieved our objectives（目标）.8.表示对比和比较

1）Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.2）Work is more than a necessity for most human beings；it is the focus of their lives，the source of their identity and creativity.3）Rather than a punishment or a burden，work is the opportunity to realize one's potential.4）The more scientists find out，the more questions they are unable to answer.9.表示条件或假设的结构

1）Without the distraction of TV，they might sit around together after dinner.2）As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power.3）Were it left to me to decide whether we should _______, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.4）Without a degree and with no vocational experience their chances of getting good jobs are slim.10.表示举例

1）Take______for example，2）An illustration（例证）may make the point clear.11.表示采取措施

1）The government should be taking effective（有效的）measures to overcome current difficulties.2）As college students, we are obliged to make every effort to help support the Olymic Games.3）The school authorities should invest more energy and money in improving working and living conditions for the teachers.12.表示让步关系

1）While it may be more convenient to possess a car，it is also expensive and troublesome at times.2）Although I do not earn a great deal of money for this job，the pleasure I receive from the work makes it worthwhile.13.表示因果或前提关系

1）Because of(owing to)the pressure（压力）of examinations，many students are left with little or no free time.2）Perhaps it's because few of us know how to accept compliments（赞扬）gracefully.3）That is why housework is considered as such a dreary grind（乏味的苦差事）。

4）The reason for this is that

14.表示存在的问题

1）One of the greatest problems facing the 21st century will be what to do with all the rubbish produced in the world.2）To travel abroad is a desire shared by many people，but few can afford to do it.3）Cheating is now considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities.4）Many people find it harder and harder to keep up with the radical changes that characterize our time.5）At first thought，the problem seems far too involved（复杂），but it can certainly be solved when seriously dealt with.15． There be结构

1）There are other techniques that might help you with you studying.2）There is much that we can learn from the Chinese classic works.3）There is no sense（道理）in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.精彩废话万能句

The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity.科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一个强劲的推动力

…can help one stand tall and aim far, broaden one's vision and give full play to one's intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of the modernization drive.站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在现代化建设的大舞台上充分发挥个人才智

Let’s join hands and work together to contribute a greater part to the harmony of our society.让我们携手共同奋斗，为建设和谐社会作出更大的贡献！

Famous scientist Marie Curie once said,” Nothing in life is to be feared;it is only to be understood.” In the same ways, once we understand the causes of this phenomenon, we can confidently believe that we will solve the problem with the following means:

精彩虚词

1.admittedly 应当承认: Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures.2.simply 简而言之: The answer is simply money.3.surely 肯定地: This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine.4.increasingly 不断增长地 While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.