第一篇:高中英语语法经典例句集锦2
高中英语语法经典例句集锦
一、动词的时态和语态
1、如果明天下雨,我就待在家里。
2、他总是给我们讲同一个故事。
If it rains tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.He is always telling us the same story.3、他说他不认识我。
4、他直到10点才回来。
He said that he didn’t know me.He didn’t come back until ten o’clock.5、我们教室需要打扫了,老师要我们打扫一下。
6、不准我们进去.Our classroom needs cleaning.The teacher asked us to clean it.We were not allowed to go in.7、正在给他作手术。
8、那车开起来很平稳。
He is being operated on.That car drives smoothly.9、我们要保持教室整洁。
10、昨晚八点我在看电视。
We mast keep our classroom clean and tidy.I was watching TV at eight last night.11、在过去的几年时间里,我国发生了巨大变化。
Great changes have taken place in our country in the past few years.12、他父亲已经去世六年了
13、他说如果天下雨就不和我们一道去。
His father has been dead for six years.He said he would not go with us if it rained.His father died six years ago.14、我一到家电话铃就响了。
It’s six years since his father died.I had hardly got home when the telephone rainy.I had no sooner got home then the telephone rainy.15、她说自从1980年以来她就在那家工厂工作。
16、我们在这儿等了几乎一个小时了。
She said she had worked in that factory since 1980.We have been waiting hear for almost an hour.17、他看过那部电影了,他昨天下午和我一起去看的。He has seen the film.He went to see it with me yesterday afternoon.18、大楼下个月就要完工了。The building is going to be finished next month.19、他去日本了,这是他第三次去日本了。He has gone to Japan.This is the tired time that he has gone to Japan.20、穿上衣服吧,不然你会着凉的。
21、我认为物理不容易。
Put on your coat, or you’ll catch cold.I don’t think physics is easy.22、他住在一间窗户朝南开的屋子里。He lives in a room whose window(the window of which)opens to the south.23、他一到教室就开始读英语。As soon as he come to the classroom, he began to read English.24、这是我叔叔为我生日买的电脑。This is the computer which my uncle bought for my birthday.25、多么令人惊讶的消息啊!我们听到这个消息都感到很惊讶。What surprising news it is!We are surprised to hear the news.二、非谓语动词
1、为我们的未来制定计划很重要。
2、我们的困难是在何处弄到足够的食物。
To make a plan for our future is important.Our difficulty is where to get enough food.It’s important to make a plan for our future.3、我们感到房子摇动。
4、我们有许多作业要做。
We felt the house shake.The house was felt to shake.We have a lot of homework to do.5、他总是第一个来最后一个走。
6、请给我一些写字用的纸。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.Please give me some paper to write on.7、他已经长大足可以照料自己了。
He is old enough to take care of himself.8、对年轻人来说掌握两种外语是必要的。It is necessary for the young to master two foreign languages.9、你帮助我们真是太好了。It is very kind of you to help us.10、我没有别的办法,只好等医生来。I could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.11、除了放弃这个计划我别无选择。I don’t have any choose except(but)to give up the plan.12、我宁愿待在家里也不愿和他们出去。I would ratter(sooner)stay at home than go out with them.I prefer staying at home to going out with them.I prefer to stay at home ratter than go out with them.13、他假装正在专心听讲。He pretended to be listening attentively.14、对不起,让你久等了。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.15、据说这本书已被译成多种语言。The book is said to have been translated into many languages.16、他们发现这个讲座难理解。They found the lecture difficult to understand.三、动名词
1、给他写信没用,他从来不回信。It is no use writing to him;he never answers letters.2、讨论这样的事情是浪费时间。It is a waste of time discussing such matters.3、她的工作是护理病人。Her job is nursing patients.4、她建议在农村再待一周。She suggested spending another week in the country.5、她没有向我们告别就走了。She left without saying goodbye to us.6、我按时完成工作有困难。I have some difficulty completing my work in time.7、我女儿睡得很晚令我担心。My daughter(’s)staying up so late worried me.8、我为我没有遵守诺言向你表示歉意.I apologize for not having kept my promise.9、此地不许吸烟。Smoking is not allowed here.10、我后悔做了这样一件事。I regretted having done such a thing.11、我们遗憾地通知你们,你们将不能参加这个班。We regret to inform you that you won’t be able to attend the class.12、这房子需要修理了。The house wants / needs / requires repairing.四、分词
1、她看起来失望。She looked disappointed.2、今年夏天的天气令人失望。The weather this summer is disappointing.3、站在门口的那位妇女是谁?Who is the woman standing by the door?
4、这是学生们自己建立起来的实验室。This is the laboratory set up by the students themselves.5、你最好理个发。You’d better have(get)your hair cut.6、她让我们天天干活。She had us working day after day.7、当加热时,冰会化成水。When heated, ice will be changed into water.8、在工厂劳动时,我们从工人那里学到了很多东西。Working in the factory, we learned a lot from the workers.9、我看到一个老人正在上公共汽车。I saw an old man getting on the bus.10、我看到一个老人上了公共汽车。I saw an old man get on the bus.11、正在讨论的问题很重要。The question being discussed is very important.12、修建过的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。The building repainted is our library.13、他的母亲病了,他今天没来。(独立主格)His mother being ill, he is absent today.14、他满脸是汗地冲进了房间。He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.五、名词性从句
1、我们必须尽可能多地掌握英文单词,这是很重要的。That we must master English words as many as possible is very important.2、无论谁说那件事都是错的。Whoever says that is wrong.3、我们将在什么时候开运动会还是个问题。When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.4、众所周知,癌症是可怕的疾病。It is known to all that cancer is a terrible disease.5、建议每个学生唱一首英语歌曲。It is suggested that each student(should)sing a song in English.6、他来不来,与我们无关。Whether he comes or not has nothing to do with us.7、我们需要的是更多的时间。What we need is more time.8、小李不再是以前的样子了。Xiao Li is no longer what he used to be.9、他没参加会议的原因是因为他生了重病。The reason why he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was seriously ill.10、他的第一个问题是班长是否已经来了。His first question was whether the monitor had arrived yet.11、我认为他不会成功的。I don’t think(that)he will succeed.12、我知道你学英语了,还写了一首英文诗。I know(that)you have studied English, and that you have written an English poem.13、我怀疑他是否通过了考试。I doubt if / whether he can pass the exam.14、成功依靠我们是否做了足够的努力。Success depends on whether we make enough effort.15、他们面临着是否应该继续工作的问题。They are faced with the problem whether they should continue the work.16、我们队赢了的消息使我们每个人都很激动。The news that our team won the game excited us all.
第二篇:英语语法+英语语法例句
关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里
http://m.meten.com/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0 英语语法例句
语言要遵循一定的规则,这种规则即被我们称之为“语法”。许多学生在英语学习中一听“语法”头就大,产生恐惧、厌学的心理。教师要遵循“精讲多练,讲练结合,以练为主”的教学方法,同时还要注意提高学习效率,减轻学生的作业负担,实现语言为交流工具的目的。笔者在多年的教学实践中总结:语法教学要重视例句的选择。
一、代表性
例句的选择在结构上要有代表性,起到掌握这个句型就能够举一反三的作用。历年的高考试题、学生比较熟悉的经典习题等,我们不妨拿来一试。
如,讲动词不定式的主动式和被动式:
She went to the ball not only to see,but also to be seen.(她去参加舞会不仅为了见见世面。也为了出出风头。)
如with复合结构,即with+宾语+宾语补足语:
With two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004,北京)
关于情态动词must have done 表对过去情况肯定的猜测:
I have lost one of my gloves.I must have dropped it somewhere.(2005,北京)
二、简洁性
有些教师认为,例句越难越好,难的会了容易的就更会了;还有教师因为学生上课不好好听课,主张选难懂的句子来镇镇他们。其实不然。正如人的认知规律“由易到难”,对于语法学习有困难的学生而言,复杂的例句只会让他们更头痛,对语法更畏惧,对英语学习更没兴趣。选择结构简洁的例句,语言上通俗易懂,读来朗朗上口,学生容易记,也记得牢。
如讲动词不定式的语法功能时: 1.He is always the first to come and the last to leave.(to do 不定式作定语,修饰序数词)2.To see is to believe.(to do 不定式坐主语和表语)对比学习Seeing is believing.(动名词作主语和表语)3.It is easier to say something than to do something.(to do 不定式作句子的真正主语,It为形式主语)对比学习It is easier said than done.三、趣味性
兴趣是产生学习激情的巨大动力。选择内容生动有趣的例句,如谚语、成语、俚语等,这样学生有了兴趣,就愿意多念,念熟了就能由次及彼。如: 倒装结构“so+助动词+主语+谓语+------”: As a man lives,so shall he dies.(有生就有死)As a man sows, so shall he reap.(种瓜得瓜。种豆得豆)
下边还有一个比较级的句子:
The old man was not any more fond of being read to than the old woman.此句的翻译为“那个老头和老太太一样,都喜欢别人读书给他们听”。有学生将它译为“那个老头不喜欢别人给他念书,就喜欢哪个老太太”,这就要闹笑话了。
四、积极性
选择一些内容积极向上的语法例句,如名言警句等。这不仅能让学生掌握相应的语法知识,同时也起到教育的情感目的,起到教育人的作用。
One half of knowing what you want is knowing what you must give up before you get it.知道想要什么,一半在于知道得到它之前必须放弃什么。(表语从句)
Victory will not come to me unless I go to it.胜利是不会向我走来的,我必须自己走向胜利。(条件状语从句)
All that litters is not gold.闪光的并非都是金子。(定语从句)
五、综合性
在实际的语法教学中,很少有独立的语法项目,很多时候许多的语法知识汇集在一个句中。选择综合性较强的例句来讲解,让学生背诵,能起到事半功倍的效果。如:
It was playing computer games that cost the boy much time he ought to have spent in doing his lessons.这个例句综合了:
强调句型:It was---that---
定语从句:---time(that)he ought to have---lessons
情态动词:ought to have spent---
动名词作主语:---playing computer games cost the boy much more time---
总之,适当的例句选择不仅能够让学生理解语法,掌握重点,还能在茫茫题海中减轻学生大量背诵和大量习题的课业负担,有效提高教学质量。教师要注意多研究,多积累,找出更多的语法教学方法。
关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里
http://m.meten.com/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0
第三篇:高中英语语法学习心得
高中英语语法学习顺口溜
来源:4221学习网整理 | 作者:未知 | 本文已影响 731 人
编辑推荐·高中|名师在线视频1对1辅导 高一入口 高二入口 高三入口 ·初中|名师在线视频1对1辅导 初一入口 初二入口 初三入口
动词为纲“滚雪球” 难易编组抓循环 同类归纳印象深 图示介词最直观 混淆多因形音义 反义词语成对念 构词方法不可忘习惯用语集中练 词不离句法最好 课外阅读莫间断
be 的用法口诀
我用am,你用are,is连着他,她,它; 单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记。疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。
时间名词前所用介词的速记歌
年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错。
at也用在明分前,说“差”可要用上to,说“过”只可使用past,多说多练牢牢记,莫让岁月空蹉跎。
记住f(e)结尾的名词复数
妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌; 躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。
巧记48个国际音标
单元音共十二,四二六前中后。双元音也好背,合口集中八个整。辅音共计二十八,八对一清又七浊,四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音,有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握。
其他
非谓语动词的一些特殊用法 后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词 动词后,不定式,want, hope和wish,agree, decide, mean, manage, promise, expect, pretend,且说两位算在此,要记牢,要记住,掌握它们靠自己。
后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号“to”的一些常用特殊动词 一些动词要掌握,have, let和make, 此三动词是使役,“注意”“观察”“听到”see,还有feel和watch,使用它们要仔细,后接“宾补”略去“to”,此点千万要牢记
本篇文章来源于 【42
21学习网】除此之外,还可以掌握“八字言”,一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch 后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词 特殊动词接“动名”,使用它们要记清,“放弃”“享受”可“后悔”,“坚持”“练习”必“完成”,“延期”“避免”非“介意” 掌握它们今必行。
动名词在句中的功能及其它
“动名”语法其功能,名词特征有动、形,主宾表定都可作,“动名”、“现分”要认清,“现分”不作“宾”和“主”,动名作“状”可不行。二词皆可作定语,混为一谈不允许,主谓关系视分词,“动名”一词无此义。
现在分词形式及在句子中的作用(包括过去分词的作用): 现在分词真好记,动词后面ING。它的作用真不小,可以充当定状表。还有宾语补足语,忘记此项不可以。
分词做定语的位置及其它
“定分”位置有二条,词前词后定分晓。单个分词在词前,有时此规有颠倒。分词短语在词后,“定从”和它互对照。
“现分”动作进行时,“过分”动作完成了。(注:“定分”:做定语的分词;“定从”:定语从句;“现分”:现在分词;“过分”:过去分词。)
分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义 分词做状语,概有七意义。“ 时间”和“原因”,“结果”与“目的”。“方式”加“伴随”,“条件”常出席。且谈其主语,谓语头前的*。欲要记住它,必须常练习。(*指句子的主语)
独立主格结构
独立结构要认清:名、代之后副或形。或是分词或“介短”,with结构不可轻,名代二词是其“主”,句子结构必分明。独立结构好掌握 句中作用只一个:
千变万化皆做“状”,其中意义也不多。“时间”“条件”和“原因”,“方式”“伴随”没别的。“状从”和其前三个,可以互变不难学。
本篇文章来源于 【4221
学习网】
第四篇:高中英语语法教案
高中英语语法教案
Teaching Goals:
1.To enable Ss to know about the way to express possibility and improbability.2.To enable Ss to master the usage of “may”, “might”, and “likely”.3.To help Ss learn how to use modal verbs “may” and “might” to express conjecture.Teaching Procedures: Step 1.Revision
Check the answers to the Vocabulary exercises in the Workbook.Step 2.Function 1.Ask Ss to do Activity 1 on page 54 and call back the answers.Then give them the correct answers.2.Ask Ss to identify the creatures in the pictures in Activity 4 on page 55, by using “may” or “might”.Arouse their interest in talking about possibility.3.Ask Ss to do Activity 2 on page 54 individually.Then check their answers.Step 3.Grammar
1.Leading-in
Ask Ss to work in groups and discuss the question in Activity 1 of Grammar on page 57.Then give them the right answer.2.Explanation
Explain how to use modal verbs to talk about something which happened in the past—perhaps.(1)对过去的事情进行猜测,但把握较小时,肯定形式一般用may have done,否定形式一般用may not have done。如:
He may have gone back home, because he didn’t say he would take part in her birthday party.He may not have paid for the bill, because he had lost his job.(2)对过去的事情进行猜测,但把握更小时,肯定形式一般用might have done,否定形式用might not have done。如:
They helped send her bat to the hospital;otherwise, she thought, the baby might have died.She might not have left home when I got to school.(3)对过去的事情进行猜测,并且可能性较大时,肯定形式一般用must have done,否定形式一般用can’t have done。如:
Your score is the highest;you must have studied very hard.You can’t have seen her in her office last Friday;she’s been out of town for two weeks.3.Practice Ask Ss to do Activity 2 on page 57.Then call back the answers and correct them.4.Supplements
Explain how to use modal verbs to talk about something which happened at present—perhaps.用来表猜测的情态动词有:must, can, may等,但它们所表示可能性是不同的。(1)对现在的事情进行猜测,并且可能性较大时,肯定形式一般用must加动词原形,此时,must不再表示“必须”,而是表示“肯定”;否定形式一般用can’t加动词原形,此时,can不再表示“能够”,而是表示“肯定不„„”。如:
I saw him go out just now.He can’t be in his own room.It must be Linda in the classroom, because she is on duty today.(2)对现在的事情进行猜测,但把握较小时,肯定形式一般用may加动词原形,此时,may不再表示“可以”,而是表示“可能”;否定形式一般用may not加动词原形。如:
He may tell the truth to his father.She may not angry because she is good-tempered.(3)对现在的事情进行猜测,但把握更小时,肯定形式一般用might加动词原形;否定形式一般用might not加动词原形。如:
She might not be angry because she usually is very patient.He might be at home now, but I’m not sure.(4)情态动词+动词现在进行时,表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。如: At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.Doctor Wang isn’t here.He might be giving a lecture in the hall.(5)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时,表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。如: Your mother must have been looking for you.The light was on the whole night.He may have been doing his homework all the time.5.Consolidation
Ask Ss to translate the following sentences.(1)他们也许错过了那班飞机。
(2)快点!他们正在机场等我们。
(3)Tom是个诚实的孩子。他今晚可能会把真相告诉他父亲。
(4)他五年前来看过我,他也许不费劲就能找到我的住处。Step 4.Homework
1.Ask Ss to review Grammar.2.Ask Ss to finish Grammar exercises in the Workbook pages 97~98.
第五篇:高中英语语法总结
高中英语语法整理总结
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。
7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。
句子的类型:
1.主语+谓语 2.主语+谓语+状语
3.主语+谓语+宾语
4.主语+系动词+表语
5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
6.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
高中英语常见语法错误列举分析
[导读] 本文将对高中英语常见语法错误进行列举分析,近年来,随着课程新标准的颁布,高中英语的改革不断深化,系统的语法学习显得越来越重要。一个好的语法基础无疑会高效率地帮助学生清楚地了解句子结构,规范语言的实际运用并使之富有逻辑性,同时提高语言功底以及融会贯通和理解能力。
本文将对高中英语常见语法错误进行列举分析,近年来,随着课程新标准的颁布,高中英语的改革不断深化,系统的语法学习显得越来越重要。一个好的语法基础无疑会高效率地帮助学生清楚地了解句子结构,规范语言的实际运用并使之富有逻辑性,同时提高语言功底以及融会贯通和理解能力。同时,高考中对语法的考查也呈现出新特点:单纯的语法规则测试题减少,而代之以语法加语境,语法加上下文,语法加比较辨析等三个方面的题目。我们的语法学习也应该顺应这个潮流。从易犯错误的地方入手,无疑是系统学习语法,应对高考新特点的最好切入点。
下面笔者依据近年的高考试题,总结了英语学习中易犯的一些错误:
一.词法方面
词法方面,词语的辨析成为现今高考命题的重点,对考生来说也是一大难点。其综合性越来越强,很多题目要根据上下文,反复比较才能做出正确判断。这也提醒我们学习词语时,要关注它的多个意思,同时不要死记硬背,要在具体的语言环境里灵活地学习和掌握。
1.____ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)A.With B.Besides C.As for D.Because of 本题说的是:因为担心两门考试,这个周末我不得不拼命学习。句意很简单明了,besides“除了”,as for“至于”两个选项很容易排除,因此许多同学根据字面意思选择了错误选项D。错误的原因是because of后边不能接复合宾语,而正确答案A项构成的with独立结构也可表原因。所谓with独立结构是指with+名词(或代词)+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语
2.----Do you like____ here?----Oh , yes.The air, the weather, the way of life.Everything is so nice.(2004 全国一)A.this B.these C.that D.it 很多同学看到The air, the weather, the way of life,以为这么多东西,当然应该是these了,从而误选了B。此处it指代这些东西,同时对应了Everything。正确答案是D 二.动词的时态
动词的时态依然是亘古不变的重点。时态的考查也不再局限于过去时,过去完成进行时等也开始出现在考卷上。这一类题目中,理解其所给的语境成为答对题目的关键。另外,试题中还故意设计出了一些陷阱:如经常出现在某一种时态中的时间状语放在另一种时态里。考生极易犯思维定式的错误,所以,务必认真审题也变得非常重要。
1.The crazy fans____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.(2004重庆)A were waiting B.had been waiting C.had waited D.would wait 这道时态题难度不小,从题目中的场景可知,空格处的“等待”动作应发生在“arrived”之前,即过去的过去,所以应用过去完成时;同时“for two hours”这个时间状语告诉我们该句强调的是动作在过去一直持续进行。综合二者,我们选择一个最佳答案:过去完成进行时。答案为:B 2.It is said in the book that Thomas Edison(1847-1931)____the world leading inventor for sixty years.(2004辽宁)A.would be B.has been C.had been D.was 此题难度较大,无数考生拜倒在其脚下。错误的原因是:看到for sixty years,再加上前面用了一般现在时的动词is,便以为是现在完成时,所以选择B。殊不知题目中给出的是一段过去的时间(1847-1931),而一般过去时也可以用以描述过去的一段时间的事实。所以答案是D:爱迪生过去曾经连续60年是世界上发明创造界的领袖。
三.三大类从句
对于从句的把握,不仅对语法题目意义重大,对写作也大有裨益。要弄明白名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句三者的区别和联系,要了解各自的引导词以及引导的句子种类,从本质上把握它们。
1.A modern city has been set up in____ was a wasteland ten years ago.(2004 天津)A.what B.which C.that D.where 此题解答时,易把汉语的习惯移植进去:十年前曾是一片废墟的地方,从而误选D。本题中,空格及空格后面的部分共同做介词in的宾语。而在这个宾语从句中,空格部分又要做主语。毫无疑问,where是副词的性质,从来只能做状语,决不可能做主语。同时本题有没有给定一个供选择的范围,所以排除了which。正确答案是A 四.分词
分词使我们中国学生最头疼的语法点知识。很多学生读了研究生后依然搞不清楚现在分词和过去分词。其实,只要适当的加以分类和记忆,便能迅速地理情头绪,并彻底掌握它。1.-----such a good chance, he planed to learn more.A.To be given B.Having been given C.Having given D.Giving 该题有三个关键点:主语he,谓语动作plan,非谓语动作give;he与give之间很显然是被动关系,所以排除表主动的现在分词C和D;give这个动作明显在谓语动作plan之前,所以选择完成式B 2.-----time, he will make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given 该题的三个关键点:主语he,谓语动作make,非谓语动作give:he与give之间同样是被动关系,而ABC均为主动,所以选D。该题如果增加难度,可以加入一个迷惑选项:被动完成式having been given,此项也不可选,因为完成式必须表示动作已发生过;本题中动作只是一种假设,尚未发生。
高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:
情态动词的语法特征 1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2)情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
比较can 和be able to 1)cancould 表示能高考资源网力;可能(过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2)只用be able to a.位于助动词后。
b.情态动词后。
c.表示过去某时刻动作时。
d.用于句首表示条件。
e.表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意:could不表示时态
1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
---Could I have the television on?---Yes, you can./ No, you can't.2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。
比较may和might 1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!He might be at home.注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2)成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为“不妨”。
If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will 答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。
比较have to和must 1)两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.3)在否定结构中: don't have to表示“不必” mustn't表示“禁止”,You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
must表示推测
1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。
2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较:
He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.他必须呆在那。
3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。---Why didn't you answer my phone call?---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.5)否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。
表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:
1)情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。
情态动词+have+过去分词
1)may(might)have + done sth, can(could)have + done sth表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may(might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can(could)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2)must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”,“谅必”的意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.---She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth, should have done sth 本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
You ought to(should)have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4)needn't have done sth本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so.The weather was hot.5)would like to have done sth本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.should和ought to should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思,可用于各种人称。---Ought he to go?---Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。
had better表示最好
had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold.You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为“本来最好”。
You had better have come earlier.would rather表示“宁愿” would rather do would rather not do would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home.= I would stay here rather than go home.高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:
(一): 独立高考资源网主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;名词(代词)+形容词;名词(代词)+副词;名词(代词)+不定式;名词(代词)+介词短语构成。
(二)独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。He came into the room, his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
With的复合结构
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood there, with his hand raise.典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A.being tiedB.having tiedC.to be tiedD.tied 答案D.with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词“手”与分词“绑”是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.注意: 1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.(hand前不能加his)。
2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.典型例题:
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.A permittedB permittingC permitsD for permitting 答案B.本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk.然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可
高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,主谓一致是指:
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,主谓一致是指:
1)语法形式上高考资源网要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.并列结构作主语谓语用复数
Reading and writing are very important.注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were 答案B.注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
主谓一致中的靠近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保
crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。His family isn't very large.他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around? 3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.与后接名词或代词保持一致
1)用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2)在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市
高中英语语法总结大全之状语从句
地点状语从句
地点状高考资源网语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。
2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(错)He is an ill man.(对)The man is ill.(错)She is an afraid girl.(对)The girl is afraid.这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:
something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词
1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
改错:(错)She sang lovely.(错)He spoke to me very friendly.(对)Her singing was lovely.(对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.用形容词表示类别和整体
1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope.2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:
限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--出处--材料性质,类别--名词
a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题: 1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.A.little two otherB.two little otherC.two other littleD.little other two 答案:C。由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--性质--名词”的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。
2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC.old stone ChineseD.Chinese stone old 答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3)----How was your recent visit to Qingdao?----It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.A.few last sunnyB.last few sunnyC.last sunny fewD.few sunny last 答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠
近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:
限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词
old + brown + wood + table
高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。
2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(错)He is an ill man.(对)The man is ill.(错)She is an afraid girl.(对)The girl is afraid.这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:
something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词
1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
改错:(错)She sang lovely.(错)He spoke to me very friendly.(对)Her singing was lovely.(对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.用形容词表示类别和整体 1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope.2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。
the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:
限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--出处--材料性质,类别--名词
a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题: 1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.A.little two otherB.two little otherC.two other littleD.little other two 答案:C。由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--性质--名词”的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。
2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC.old stone ChineseD.Chinese stone old 答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3)----How was your recent visit to Qingdao?----It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.A.few last sunnyB.last few sunnyC.last sunny fewD.few sunny last 答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠
近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:
限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 old + brown + wood + table
高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:
情态动词的语法特征
1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2)情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
比较can 和be able to 1)cancould 表示能高考资源网力;可能(过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2)只用be able to a.位于助动词后。
b.情态动词后。
c.表示过去某时刻动作时。
d.用于句首表示条件。
e.表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意:could不表示时态
1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
---Could I have the television on?---Yes, you can./ No, you can't.2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。
比较may和might 1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!He might be at home.注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2)成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为“不妨”。
If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will 答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。
比较have to和must 1)两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.3)在否定结构中: don't have to表示“不必” mustn't表示“禁止”,You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
must表示推测
1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。
2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较:
He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.他必须呆在那。
3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.5)否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。
表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:
1)情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。
情态动词+have+过去分词
1)may(might)have + done sth, can(could)have + done sth表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may(might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can(could)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2)must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”,“谅必”的意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.---She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth, should have done sth 本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。You ought to(should)have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4)needn't have done sth本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so.The weather was hot.5)would like to have done sth本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.should和ought to should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思,可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?---Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。
had better表示最好
had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold.You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为“本来最好”。
You had better have come earlier.would rather表示“宁愿” would rather do would rather not do would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home.= I would stay here rather than go home.高中英语语法专项复习之代词
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之代词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的学习有所帮助:
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之代词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的学习有所帮助:
人称代词的用法
1)人称代词的主高考资源网格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。
说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾 语,them做介词宾语,her作主语补语)a.--Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶? b.--Me.--我。(me作主语补语= It's me.)说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1)宾格代替主格
a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not 后,多用宾语。
----I like English.--我喜欢英语。
----Me too.--我也喜欢。
----Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗?----Not me.--我可不要了。
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.He is taller than I am.2)主格代替宾格
a.在介词but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格。
b.在电话用语中常用主格。
----I wish to speak to Mary.--我想和玛丽通话。
----This is she.--我就是玛丽。
注意:在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
I thought it was she.我以为是她。(主格----主格)I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格)I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格)They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格----宾格)代词的指代问题
1)不定代词 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone,someone,everyone,no one,及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he, his, him代替。
Nobody came, did he?谁也没来,是吗? 2)动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food.She is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。3)指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用she。
并列人称代词的排列顺序
1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:
第二人称-> 第三人称-> 第一人称
you-> he/she;it-> I You, he and I should return on time.2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:
第一人称-> 第二人称-> 第三人称
we->you->They 注意: 在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。
a.在承认错误,承担责任时,It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。
b.在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,如:I and you try to finish it.c.并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时,d.当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。
物主代词
1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用,例如:
John had cut his finger;apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构,例如:
Jack's cap意为 The cap is Jack's.His cap 意为 The cap is his.2)名词性物主代词的句法功能
a.作主语,例如:
May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。
b.作宾语,例如:
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
c.作介词宾语,例如:
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
d.作主语补语,例如:
The life I have is yours.It's yours.It's yours.我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。
双重所有格
物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。
公式为:
a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如:
a friend of mine.each brother of his.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 反身代词
1)列表 Iyouyoushehe myselfyourselfyourselvesherselfhimself wetheyitone ourselvesthemselvesitselfoneself 2)做宾语
a.有些动词需有反身代词
absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。
Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼。
b.用于及物动词+宾语+介词
take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.I could not dress(myself)up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己。
注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。
Please sit down.请坐。
3)作表语;同位语 be oneself: I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。
4)在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如:
No one but myself(me)is hurt.注意:
a.反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
(错)Myself drove the car.(对)I myself drove the car.我自己开车。
b.但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语。
Charles and myself saw it.5)第二人称作宾语,要用反身代词。
You should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 相互代词
1)相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的,例如: It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.显而易见,不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。
2)相互代词的句法功能:
a.作动词宾语;People should love one another.人们应当彼此相爱。
b.可作介词宾语;Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other.吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。
说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other,存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多,例如:
He put all the books beside each other.他把所有书并列摆放起来。
He put all the books beside one another.他把所有书并列摆放起来。
Usually these small groups were independent of each other.这些小团体通常是相互独立的。
c.相互代词可加-'s构成所有格,例如: