托福 05年01月5月8月真题答案

第一篇：托福 05年01月5月8月真题答案

2005年1月 听力

bcdbd cddad bcdda abbdc bdcba aaCdc bcacc bdaba bcbda ccdab

语法

bcdbc bcacb cbdcb ccabd cbabd adaca bcdcd bcbdc 阅读

Dcaac cdaaB bdcac aAdbd cbBca cadda bcdaa cbbdD dbabd cdcBb

2005年5月 听力

ADABA ABABB BCDBC DCBAD CBABC DADCC CBACC ADBBC DCBDA CABBD 语法

BADBC ACBCD ACACC DCDBD CDBDC ADBDB DACDB DADBD 阅读

ABCBD DDCAD BDCDA ACDAB DCBDB CADDB ACCBC ABDDD ACAAD CCBDC

2005年08月

听力DCBDA ABBDD BDDCB ACBDB CABAC DDAAC BCCBA ABDDB BCADC BBBAD

语法ACDAB DBDAB CDABB ADADC BBCBC DCCBD ACBBD CDDDC

阅读ACBAC BADCA BBCDB BDBAC DBADD ACBCC DBBAC DACBC AABCD DDCBB

第二篇：2005年10月份托福阅读真题及答案（推荐）

Question 11-21: Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples.Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper(or other material)against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied.When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse.The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D.for applying patterns to textiles.The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper.Woodcuts are created by a relief process;first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink.The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised.The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image.It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century.It is an intaglio process(from Italian intagliare, “to carve”).The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin.The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves.An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink.Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics.Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines.Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print.Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark.Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images.A set of multiples is called an edition.Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear.Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.11.What does the passage mainly discuss? A.The origins of textile decoration B.The characteristics of good-quality prints C.Two types of printmaking D.Types of paper used in printmaking 12.The word “prime” in line 2 is closest in meaning to A.principal B.complex C.general D.recent 13.The author's purposes in paragraph 2 is to describe A.the woodcuts found in China in the fifth century B.the use of woodcuts in the textile industry C.the process involved in creating a woodcut D.the introduction of woodcuts to Europe 14.The word “incised” in line 15 is closest in meaning to A.burned B.cut C.framed D.baked 15.Which of the following terms is defined in the passage/ A.“patterns”(line 5)B.“grain”(line 8)C.“burin”(line 16)D.“grooves”(line 17)16.The word “distinctive” in line 19 is closest in meaning to A.unique B.accurate C.irregular D.similar 17.According to the passage, all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that it A.developed from the art of the goldsmiths B.requires that the paper be cut with a burin C.originated in the fifteenth century D.involves carving into a metal plate 18.The word “yield” in line 23 is closest in meaning to A.imitate B.produce C.revise D.contrast 19.According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have in common? A.Their designs are slightly raised.B.They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching.C.They were first used in Europe.D.They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.20.According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the sixteenth century? A.Prints could be made at low cost.B.The quality of paper and ink had improved.C.Many people became involved in the printmaking industry.D.Decreased demand for prints kept prices affordable.21.According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that they A.can be reproduced on materials other than paper B.are created from a reversed image C.show variations between light and dark shades D.require a printing press

Questions 22-31: The first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunters and gathers.Sometimes early in the first millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops.Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead.Most of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio.The culture spread southward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.About A.D.400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay.Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located.This complex civilization dominated the Southeast from about A.D.700 until shortly before the Europeans began arriving in the sixteenth century.At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it was the most advanced culture in North America.Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highly skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale.They developed an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate beans.Indeed, agriculture became so important to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with the Sun---the guarantor of good crops.Many tribes called themselves “children of the Sun” and believed their omnipotent priest-chiefs were descendants of the great sun god.Although most Mississippians lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns.Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame.Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples.The mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds.22.What does the passage mainly discuss? A.The development of agriculture B.The locations of towns and villages C.The early people and cultures of the United States D.The construction of burial mounds 23.Which of the following resulted from the rise of agriculture in the southeastern United States? A.The development of trade in North America B.The establishment of permanent settlements C.Conflicts with other Native American groups over land D.A migration of these peoples to the Rocky Mountains.24.What does the term “Adena-Hopewell”(line 7)designate? A.The early locations of the Adena-Hopewell culture B.The two most important nations of the Adena-Hopewell culture C.Two former leaders who were honored with large burial mounds.D.Two important trade routes in eastern North America 25.The word “bartering” in line 9 is closest in meaning to A.producing B.exchanging C.transporting D.loading 26.The word “supplanted” in line 13 is closest in meaning to A.conquered B.preceded C.replaced D.imitated 27.According to the passage, when did the Mississippian culture reach its highest point of development? A.About A.D.400 B.Between A.D.400 AND A.D.700 C.About A.D.1200 D.In the sixteenth century 28.According to the passage, how did the agriculture of the Mississippians differ from that of their Hopewell predecessors? A.The Mississippians produced more durable and larger crops of food.B.The Mississippians sold their food to other groups.C.The Mississippians could only grow plants in warm, dry climates.D.The Mississippians produced special foods for their religious leaders.29.Why does the author mention that many Mississippians tribes called themselves “children of the Sun”(line 22)? A.To explain why they were obedient to their priest-chiefs.B.To argue about the importance of religion in their culture.C.To illustrate the great importance they placed on agriculture.D.To provide an example of their religious rituals.30.The phrase “charged with” in line 26 is closest in meaning to A.passed on B.experienced at C.interested in D.assigned to 31.According to the passage, the flat-topped mounds in Mississippian towns were used for all of the following purposes EXCEPT A.religious ceremonies B.meeting places for the entire community C.sites for commerce D.burial sites

Question 32-40: Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790.Roads were few and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport.Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard.Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development.Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications with the interior.The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster.The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates.(The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.)The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation.Northern states generally relied on private companies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense.Such was the road building fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie.Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier wagons and passenger stagecoaches.The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania.It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill.Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier.Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the most common of which had four benches, each holding three persons.It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs;slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain.32.Paragraph 1 discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of the A.popularity of turnpikes B.financing of new roads C.development of the interior D.laws governing road use 33.The word “primitive” in line 1 is closest in meaning to A.unsafe B.unknown C.inexpensive D.undeveloped 34.In 1790 most roads connected towns in the interior of the country with A.other inland communities B.towns in other states C.river towns or seaports D.construction sites 35.The phrase “on the threshold of” in line 4 and 5 is closest in meaning to A.in need of B.in place of C.at the start of D.with the purpose of 36.According to the passage, why did states want private companies to help with road building? A.The states could not afford to build roads themselves.B.The states were not as well equipped as private companies.C.Private companies could complete roads faster than the states.D.Private companies had greater knowledge of the interior.37.The word “it” in line 11 refers to A.legislature B.company C.authority D.payment 38.The word “imitation” in line 14 is closest in meaning to A.investment B.suggestion C.increasing D.copying 39.Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state that A.built roads without tollgates B.built roads with government money C.completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one year D.introduced new law restricting road use 40.The “large, broad wheels” of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in line 21 as an example of a feature of wagons that was A.unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehicles B.first found in Germany C.effective on roads with uneven surfaces D.responsible for frequent damage to freight

Question 41-50: In Death Valley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively.Inhabitants of areas elsewhere, where streets and highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with the resulting rust and deterioration on cars.That attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but it is not the way salt destroys rocks.Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a process called crystal prying and wedging.This happens not by soaking the rocks in salt water, but by moistening their bottoms with salt water.Such conditions exist in many areas along the eastern edge of central Death Valley.There, salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through tiny spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface.Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground.Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other openings within stones.These crystals grow as long as salt water is available.Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains.Besides crystal growth, the expansion of halite crystals(the same as everyday table salt)by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional stresses.A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice.Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon.Not restricted to arid regions, intense salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia.41.What is the passage mainly about? A.The destructive effects of salt on rocks.B.The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.C.The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.D.The damaging effects of salt on roads and highways.42.The word “it” in line 9 refers to A.salty water B.groundwater table C.capillary action D.sediment 43.The word “exert” in line 14 is closest in meaning to A.put B.reduce C.replace D.control 44.In lines 13-17, why does the author compare tree roots with growing salt crystals? A.They both force hard surfaces to crack.B.They both grow as long as water is available.C.They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.D.They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table.45.In lines 17-18, the author mentions the “expansion of halite crystals...by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration” in order to A.present an alternative theory about crystal growth B.explain how some rocks are not affected by salt C.simplify the explanation of crystal prying and wedging D.introduce additional means by which crystals destroy rocks 46.The word “durable” in line 19 is closest in meaning to A.large B.strong C.flexible D.pressured 47.The word “shattered” in line 20 is closest in meaning to A.arranged B.dissolved C.broken apart D.gathered together 48.The word “dominant” in line 22 is closest in meaning to A.most recent B.most common C.least available D.least damaging 49.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effects of salts on rocks? A.Only two types of salts cause prying and wedging.B.Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice.C.A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering.D.Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley, 50.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found in areas where ice is common? A.They are protected from weathering.B.They do not allow capillary action of water.C.They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley.D.They contain more carbonates than sulfates.答案

CACBC ABBDA DCBAB CCACD BBDCC AADBC AAAAD BCBCC

第三篇：08年11月22日托福听力真题

★08年11月22日托福听力真题.txt你不能让所有人满意，因为不是所有的人都是人成功人士是—在牛B的路上，一路勃起你以为我会眼睁睁看着你去送死吗？我会闭上眼睛的★08年11月22日托福听力真题-托福考试（TOEFL）-无忧考网 用户名密码加入VIP如何付款会员好评加入收藏网站首页>>全部考试

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08年11月22日托福听力真题

2009年1月13日来源：网络综合保过培训-

【网络综合-托福考试（TOEFL）试题】：

1.一学生去找活干，说从著名的东北大学转学过来的，staff问为什么（此处有题），因为他喜欢international

study,新学校有比较好的program。还讲他家里host international

student，问他为什么提这个。我选的是说明他为什么对intl study

感兴趣。教授说职位都已经满了，你下学期再来吧，然后又说if you really want,问态度啥意思。反正很简单。

2.biology 讲wooden frog

freeze的问题。先闲扯说spring来了，问提这个啥意思。开头要注意听这里。然后讲frog怎么freeze过冬的。皮肤，水分，心跳怎么样，题目问：最先开始哪个。中间学生打岔：象car

freezer 一样？老师说：you tell me that..讲了一通，问老师这话啥意思。

3.sun

spot，先扯到中国古代的观点。然后讲伽利略，然后近代的人观察结果，有2个人，分别观察了10，40年，前一个提出spot

周期是10年，后一个说11年。现在astronomy 什么发现。有题问，教授提到这2个人观察年份很长，什么意思？

4.学生找老师，先是问对他的paper什么意见。然后2人聊到market dept 搞的一个 TV

research。老师劝学生参加。唯一剩的一个time slot，学生没法take。他要上课，还要打工。老师说哦，那个饭店的老板我认识（问啥意思），人很好，可能会让你换班的。学生说我还在training阶段。老师还是鼓励他跟店老板讲。

【1】 【2】

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第四篇：2008年11月15日托福听力真题

1.一个学生公寓被检查不合格，需要学生搬出去，那个女生说这段时间考试，问能否推迟，管理员说不行，这样做就违反了safety regulations，另外it is against the law。管理员说你可以自己打包（package，这里貌似有一题涉及到打包的），然后有专人给你搬。

2.记得最清楚的就是这段听力中出现的画面，画面中画了一条粗线，W开头的单词，应该是那个人最早发现这个规律的，线的左边有JAVA岛、bali岛，右边有baga岛，其他的忘了名字。听力中讲到一个科学家本来是从什么什么岛到什么什么岛，然后不知怎的中间在bali岛休息，他意外的发现这个岛上的species和相隔35公里的baga岛相差很大，从而导致那个W开头的那根线的发现（这里有一道题）。文中还讲到了冰河时期的冰川运动，好像是因为中间隔了什么沟，mammal就不能互相往来，没怎么听明白。

3.一个学生交东西（应该是论文吧，好像第一题就涉及到这个）给老师，老师看他来了，就顺便问他一些事情。通过对话，老师得知这个学生没有workbook，学生说店里已经all sold out，没有卖了。老师认为每个学期学校都会多进一些book的，但后来老师才想起来，招生时at the last minute多招了一个班，因此多了20多个学生，即使有extra的书都不够。有一题考到了学生对于这个事情的态度，我选的是他满不在乎，从语调上猜出来的，感觉对那个学生来说，有书没书都一个样。

4.讲美国印第安人的一段历史，时间是1000到700年前（从现在算起），用电脑模拟他们的人口变化，computer simulating，把初始的人口变量输入电脑，然后根据环境条件变化作为参数，预测出接下来人口的变化。（这不就是数学建模的问题嘛，去年刚参加过比赛，结果啥奖也没拿到，汗.....）后来好像说这个模型不太准确，又有一个学者提出了另外一个模型，他这个模型包括了另外一个参数，不好意思，内容忘了，反正这样下来，预测得就更准确了。

5.题目说是关于chemistry化学的学术演讲。结果一听，纯粹是物理方面的嘛，ets出题的人看来是自然科学没怎么学好吧：）讲的是液态水的沸点不超过100摄氏度。在水壶中，底层的水会超过100度，因为上面的水对它产生压力，导致下面的水所受的压力大于大气压。还提到了把水滴撒到fry pan上，当pan的温度在200度以上时，底层的水变成气态水，形成一个layer，而气态水的导热性不如液态水，所以导致水滴消失得反而比100度时还慢。这方面有一道题涉及，好像是关于当温度在100到200度时，要你根据lecture的内容回答速度如何。

第五篇：托福历年词汇真题近义词汇总

历年词汇真题

Inaccessible 难以接近的：unreachable Extracting 提取，提炼：removing Strength 基础：basis Surging 激增，迅速上升：accelerating Trend 倾向，趋势：tendency Peak 最高点，最高峰：maximum Prior to 在前，局先：preceding Advocates 提倡者，赞成者：proponents Unsubstantiated 无确实根据的，未经证实的：unverified Maintain 维持：preserve Considerable 极其，相当，大量：substantial Enactment 制定，执行：performance Staggering 令人惊愕的：overwhelming Devastated 毁坏：ruined Demonstrate 证明，示威：showed Extend 延伸，扩展：stretch Vast 巨大的，辽阔的：large Sparked 发动，鼓舞：brought about Potential 潜在的，可能的：possible Outstanding 突出的，显著的：excellent Account for 解释，说明：explain Picking up 沿着：following A supremacy至高，霸权：a dominance Supplanted代替：replaced Myriad无数:many Supreme最高的：most outstanding Settle解决，决定：decide Ascending 上升，攀登：climbing Solemn 严肃的：serious Composed创作，作曲：created Scores 乐谱：music composition Comprises 包含，由，构成：consists of Intense 剧烈的：extreme Margins 空白：edges Support 支撑：hold Appreciation 感激，评价，欣赏：recognition Bias 偏见：prejudice Prevailing 流行的：most frequent Accumulated 积聚，堆积：collected Related 有关系得：connected Supported 支撑：upheld Forward-looking 向前看的：progressive 进步的 Rudimentary 不发达的，未发展的：undeveloped Sole 唯一的：only Subsidizes 资助：finance Rotates 旋转：alternates Implements 玩具：tools Clues 线索：information Hemispheres 半球：sides Subject to 遭受：susceptible to Puncture 刺穿：pierce Dramatic 戏剧性的，显著的：striking Characterized 不同，区别于其他：distinguished Bizarre 古怪的：odd Casts off 抛弃：gets rid of Homogeneous 一致的，同一的：uniform Largely renounces 基本上拒绝：generally rejects Prevail 流行，支配控制：dominates Subtle 轻微的，精细的：slight Compile 收集，积累：put together Raw 未加工的，为处理的：unprocessed Prospect 前景，可能性：possibility Roughly 大约地：approximately Magnify 增加，扩大：increase Distinction 不同，区别：differences Fused 结合：combined Lure 吸引：attract Placed 放置：deposited Discrete 分泌：separate Overtaxed 负担沉重的：heavily burdened Inadequate 不充足的：deficient Inevitable 不可避免地：unavoidably Lamented 不满，抱怨：complaint about First rank 最高水平：highest quality Faded from 消失于：disappeared from Novel 创新的，新颖的：innovative Stationary 固定的：fixed Vessel 船只：craft Smothering 窒息的：eliminated Coined 组成，创造：created Intervention 干预：influence Emerged 出现：appeared Outlining 概括，总结：summarizing Deliberate 仔细地：careful Demanded 需要：required Imitate 模仿：copy Comparably 相似地：similarly Inclinations 偏好，喜好 : preferences Varied 不同：differed Cumbersome 笨重地：burdensome Confined 局限：limited Framed 构造，制定：posed Supposedly 可能地，推测地：seemingly Sanitation 卫生：health Conflicting 对立的：apposing Give way to 让位于：turns into Speculate 假设：hypothesize Alternative 选择：option Imposing 要求高的，费力的：demanding Penetrate 穿过：go through Extended 增加，延长：increase Preferred 喜欢;favored Barren 贫瘠的：infertile Hard 坚硬的：firm Divergence 不同，区别：difference Durable 耐久地：long-lasting Dwelling 住所：houses Elaborately 精心地：done in a great detail Bounds 限制：limits Chance 偶然的：unplanned Integral 必要的，基本的：an essential Carry 承担：support Concentrated 集中：clustered Effect 影响：influence Distinct 区别，不同：separate Setting 建立：establishing Ends 目标：goals Drastic 激进的：radical Extracted 提取：removed Instances 例子:cases Entombed 陷入：trapped Marked 明显的:pronounced Ushering 开始，引入：beginning Execute 执行，创造：create Domains 领域：fields Fundamental 基本的：basic Skilled 专业的：expert Presided over 管理控制：managed Celestial 天文学的：astronomical Entities 物体：objects Motifs 母题，图案：designs Rare 罕见的:infrequent Maintaining 维持：preserving Tolerate 忍耐：endure Obtain 获得 get Roll back 减少 reduce Stimulating 刺激 encouraging Depressed 降低，使沮丧 lowered Stringent 严厉的 strict Dictates 决定 determines Witnessed 看到 observed A break with 分开 a departure from Conserve 维持，保留 retain Magnified 加强，加剧 intensified Forage 觅食 feed Counteracted 否定，抵消 negated In season 应季 a particular time of year Fixture 寻常物品 commonplace object Nevertheless 但是 however Rotates 转动，改变 turns Readily 容易地，欣然地 easily Constituting 组成 making up Pits 洞，坑 holes Disputes 争论 arguments Unrestricted 不受限制的 unlimited Snap 折断 break Fed 吃/放入 put Exposed to 易受影响的，受支配 subjected to Exert 引起，导致 cause Diffuses 穿过，扩散 travels Rapture 破裂 burst Miniscule 微小的 tiny Enables 使能够 allows Aesthetically 美学的，艺术的 artistically Refreshing 非同寻常的，耳目一新的 unusual Devote 奉献 dedicate Bound 系，绑 tied Assembling 聚集 gathering Adorned 装修 decorated Attire 服装 clothing Unravel 揭露 discover Mundane平凡的 ordinary Gap 空隙 opening Discards 抛弃 gets rid of Deft 灵巧的 skilled Robust 强壮的 strong Heralded 宣布 announced Position 职位 job Major 主要的 principal Symmetrical 比例平衡的，对称的 proportionally balanced Obvious 明显的 apparent Dominated 占支配地位的 were prevalent in Supplements 补充 extensions Crisscross 交叉 move back and forth Skepticism 怀疑主义 doubt Subsidy 资助 financing Conjectural 猜测的 based on guessing Employing 采用 using Assortment 种类 variety Exalted 高级的 superior Ingots 银锭/块 blocks of silver mixed with copper Came of age 出现了，成名了 established itself Trace 痕迹 imprints Exposed 暴露 uncovered Adversely 逆向/反的 negatively Altered 改变 changed Noxious 有毒的，有害的 harmful Detectable 可以探测的 measurable Acute 敏锐的，剧烈的 intense Exceeded 超越 surpassed Astounding 惊讶的 surprising Durable 耐久的 lasting Customarily 通常 usually Induced 导致 caused Remarkable 异常的 extraordinary Exerted 运用 applied Restricted 限制 limited Intricate 错综复杂的 complex Vary 区别，不同 differ Initially 首先 at first Cohesion 凝聚力 unity Consciously 有意识地，故意地 purposely Unadorned 未装饰的，平凡的 plain Consumption 消费，吃 eating Constituents 组成部分 components Calculated 计算，决定 determined Ceased 停止 stop Prominent 著名的 distinguished Apply to 应用于 used for Coarser 粗糙的 rougher Dense 浓密的 thick Thanks to 由于 because of Eagerly anticipated 渴望，期待 looked forward to Properties 特征，特点 characteristics Ascribed to 归功于，认为 assumed to be true of Revolutionized 巨变，革命 dramatically changed Appeal 吸引attraction Spawned 产生，产卵 created Core 核心 center Embedded 镶嵌 encased Spotting 识别 identifying Dogma 信仰，教条 belief Detect 发现 discovered the presence of Shied away from 避免 avoided Milestone 里程碑 significant development Critical 关键的 essential Jolting 震动 shocking Magnitude 成都/大小 extent Attachment to 倾向于 preference for Protruding 凸出的 projecting Shield 保护 protect Daring 大胆bold Boosted 鼓舞 raised Inhibited 阻碍hindered Counterpart 版本，对应物 version Detectable 明显的，可探测的 apparent Sumptuous 奢侈的 luxurious Yield 供应provide Adhere 坚持 stick Initiate 启动，开始 begin Modifying 改变，限制 changing Rapidity 迅速 swiftness Efficiency 效率 effectiveness Rear 抚养 raise Scale 攀登 climb Immunity 免疫，保护 protection Conspicuous 明显的 noticeable Bias 偏见 prejudice Exorbitant 丰富的 expensive Undergone 经历 experienced Consorted 交往 associated Sufficient 充足 adequate Annihilate 消灭，征服 conquer Aptly 恰当的 appropriately Fashion 制造 create Article 物品 object Staples 基本产品 basic elements Invade 侵入 move into Contemporary 当代的 existing Finely 微小的 minutely Attendant 伴随的 accompanying Exponential leaps 迅速上升 rapid increases Virtually 几乎完全，实际上 almost completely Pertinent 相关的 relevant Succinct 简明 concise Revise 改变 change Monopolized 垄断 dominated Factions 部分 sides Flattering 赞美 complimentary Disseminated 分散 spread Accelerated 加速 increased Given way to 替代 been replaced by Reliance 依赖 dependence Picture 想象 imagine Emit 发出 give off Glowing 发光的 shining Influx 流入，到达 arrival Extraordinary 异常的 exceptional Era 时代 period of time Intriguing 吸引人的 attractive Conclusive 总结性的 definitive Preoccupation 卷入involvement Primary 基本的fundamental Entire 整个whole Bring about 引起 cause Temping 吸引人的 attractive Reckless 不负责任的 irresponsible Concomitant with 同时发生的，与之伴随的 in conjunction with Skyrocketing 迅速上升 increasing rapidly Extolling 高度赞扬praising Roughly 大约harshly Reaped 获得gained Interchangeable 互换的，等同于 equivalent Classified 分类 categorized Incinerated itself 燃烧 burn up Securing 获得 acquiring Implications 意义 significant Hinterland 腹地，内地贸易区 region Persisted 坚持，持续 continued Undergoing 经历，遭受 experiencing Suspend 悬挂，延迟 hang Fatal 致命的 deadly Secure 安全的 safe Sorted out 分类，挑练 separated Dampened 使潮湿 moistened Fine 细微的 tiny Derived 起源，得自 obtained Drastically 激烈的，彻底的severely Coincided with 一致，符合 happened at the same time Supplement 补充 add to Contemporary 当代的，同时代的 written at the same time Prized 珍视 valued Overtaken 超越，胜出surpassed Intervals 间隔 periods Freeing 解除 releasing Plunge 投入，跳进 drop Tangled缠结的，紊乱的 twisted together Concealed 隐藏 covered Avail themselves 利用 make use Accordingly 因此for that reason Crucial至关重要的 important Ponderous 笨重的heavy Attained 达到，获得achieved Abundant 丰富的，充裕的plentiful Peculiar 独特的，奇异的strange Meticulously小心翼翼的 carefully Durability 经久，耐久力endurance Incised雕刻的carved Consumed消耗，吃eaten Innovative 创新的 new Extract 提取，提炼remove Scorched烧焦burned Consequence 结果result Exceed超越，胜出go beyond Generated 产生 cause Norm 标准 standard Henceforth 今后 from that time on Mandated委托统治的recommended Immutable 不可变的unchangeable Revered 尊敬 respected Consist 一致的，协调的constant Intent 目的，意向 goal Administered 管理 managed Periphery 外围 outer edge Inception 起初beginning Fabricating 构成，虚构constructing Resort to 采取using Ingenuity 机灵，灵巧resourcefulness Functional 有功能的，有用的usable Significant 有意义的meaningful Attained 获得reached Flamed 燃烧burned Encompass包围，环绕 include Came to the forefront 来到最前线/变得很重要 became important Hinged on 依赖 depended on Lured 引诱attracted Expendable消费品，可以牺牲的 nonessential Notwithstanding 尽管despite Intricate 错综复杂的complex Random 任意的unpredictable Optimal 最佳的，最理想的best Urged 催促encouraged Carried on 继续 continued Diverse 不同的varied Ensures确保 guarantees Suitable 合适的，适宜的appropriately Scares 稀有rare Resemble 类似look like Coarse 粗糙的crude Brittle易碎的，脆弱的 easily broken Appreciated赏识，意识到 recognized Merely 仅仅only Emitting 发出producing Spanning 跨越 cover Pursue 追赶catch Altogether 完全的completely Intensive 集中的，透彻的concentrated Prevailed 流行，盛行dominated Depicted 描述described Foremost 首要的 leading Meteoric流星的，迅速的 rapid Apace with 快速的，急速的as fast as Wider 宽广的more extensive Thereby 因此，在那方面by that means Unique 唯一的，独特的singular Rotting 腐烂的decaying Key 关键的important Converted修改 changed Antecedent 先行的的，先辈predecessor Appealing吸引人的 attractive Local 场所place Boosted推进 raised Scope 范围extent Prolific多产的，丰富的 productive Eager 热心的，渴望的enthusiastic Engaged使用，雇佣 hire Subsequent后来的 later Sums 总数amounts Identical同样的 exactly alike Graphic生动的，鲜明的 vivid Undoubtedly 毫无疑问的certainly Components 组成部分parts Besides 除此之外in addition to Flourished繁荣，昌盛 thrived Grumbled 抱怨，牢骚complained Serve服务，适合 function Sole 唯一的only Detecting 发现finding Sedentary久坐的，不活动的 inactive Subjected 受影响的exposed Essence 本质，精华basic nature Diverse 不同的different Noted 注意到 observed Emphasize 强调stress Accessible易接近的，可靠近的available Account for 解释，说明explain Smooth operation 顺利进行 effective functioning Cluster 成群 group Alert 警惕 ware Scurrying 急跑，匆忙走rushing Formidable 艰难地，令人敬畏的difficult Intent 目的，意向 purpose Regardless of 不管，不顾no matter what Marked 显著地noticeable Confine 限制 restrict Presumably 推测，大概 probably Sustain 支撑，持续 support Insignificant 无关紧要的unimportant Ultimately 最后，最终 eventually Demise 死亡 death Convert 转变 change Primarily 主要地，根本上 chiefly Prevailing 流行的dominant Undergone 经历 experienced Vast 巨大的 great Precarious 不稳定的 uncertain Settled 固定的 stable Chronicle 记载，记录，编年史 describe Ornate 装饰的，华丽的 elaborate Derived from 起源 based on Various 不同的，多样的different Account for 解释 explain Subjugated 征服 conquered Synonymous with 同义的 equivalent to Excavating 挖掘 digging Agents 动因，代理人 causes Aided 帮助的 helped Estimated 评估 judged Pry off 翘起 remove Littered 杂乱堆满，乱丢 covered Preserved 保持，保存 protected from destruction Constant 持续的，一致的 consistent Attained 达到，获得 achieved Resumed 再继续，重新开始 began again Attests to 证明 give evidence of Drab 单调的 dull Prominent 显著的，突出的 noticeable Yet 仍，至今 so far Rudimentary 根本的，未发展的 basic Biting 尖锐的 sharp Heightened 提高，提升 increased Meticulous 小心翼翼的 careful Accumulated 积聚，积累 built up Tantamount to 与……相等的 practically the same as Remarkable 非凡的，显著的 extraordinary Link 连结，联合 connection Surge 汹涌，激增 sharp increase Unprecedented 空前的，前所未闻的 not seen before Obscure 模糊的，朦胧的 unclear Display 陈列展示 exhibit Load 负荷，重担 weight Precise 精确的 accurate Exercise 训练，使用 utilize Elicit 得出，引出 bring out Probe 探查 explore Prolific 多产的，丰富的 fruitful Ideal 理想的perfect Standard 标准 customary Strain 疲劳，紧张 stress Accordingly 因此，从而 consequently Teeming with 充满了，丰富的 full of Resemble 类似，模仿 appear similar to Postulated 假定，假设 suggested Depended 依靠 relied Subscribed 订阅，赞成 agreed with Stunning 极好的 impressive 感人的，印象深刻的 Spawn 产生，制造 create Partitioning 分割，划分 division Enhances 增强，提高 increased Transition 转换，过渡 change Ignited 点燃 set on fire Evolution 发展，演化 development Momentarily 即刻 briefly Depict 描述 represent Advent 出现，到来 arrival Affront 侮辱，冒犯 insult Intriguing 迷人的 fascinating Endless 无止境的 continuous连续的 Adequate 充分的，足够的 sufficient Rather than 胜于 instead of 而不是 Forage 觅食 search for food Intermittently 间歇地periodically周期性的 Furnish 供应，提供 provide Oscillating 震荡，摇摆 swinging Ultimately 最终 in the end Compelling 强迫地，又说服力的 forceful Exceptional 异常地，意外地 remarkable 不平常地，显著地 Enhancement 增加/进 improvement Revitalize 新生 bring new life to Executing 执行，制造 producing Allay 减轻，减少 reduce Permeated 弥漫，渗透 spread through Testimony to 证词/明evidence of Hardiest 坚硬 most vigorous Framework 框架，结构 structure Prolonged 延长的extended Encounter 遭遇 meet Fortuitous 偶然的，幸运的lucky Thwarted 阻挠，挫败 frustrated失败的，落空的 Scattered 分散的irregularly distributed By virtue of 由于 because of Circumscribed 限制 restricted Indeterminate 不确定的uncertain Enveloped 包围着 surrounded 环绕地 Gradually 逐渐地 by degrees At any rate 无论如何 regardless 不管