德语国家文化概况复习题

第一篇：德语国家文化概况复习题

判断正误

1.“四七社”的精神领袖是格拉斯。2.《法学总论》、《法学汇编》和《新敕令》三部法典与《查士丁尼法典》合称《罗马法》。

3.1054 年,东部教会宣布脱离罗马教廷,史称“东西教会大分裂”。4.17 世纪,巴洛克文化席卷欧洲,文学艺术中产生了古典主义。

5.17世纪艺术家们把古典文化奉为圭臬，希腊、罗马的造型艺术、诗学、戏剧成为艺术创作的范本, 其影响之深,乃至引起了著名的 “古今之争”。

6.1848年的民族统一运动直接威胁到德意志各邦国统治者的利益,遭到他们联手镇压。奥地利首相梅特涅在各邦君主的支持下,通过了“ 卡尔斯巴德决议”,以扑灭大学生运动,限制民众的政治活动。

7.1918年11 月7 日,慕尼黑爆发革命,革命蔓延到柏林,威廉一世众叛亲离,不得不仓惶出逃荷兰,在欧洲历史上叱咤风云两个多世纪的霍亨佐伦王朝宣告覆灭。8.1919 年6 月28 日,德国代表团经过长时间的谈判,终于在巴黎郊外签署著名的《凡尔赛条约》。

9.1939 年二战爆发前夕,希特勒提出:一旦发生战争,就要彻底消灭欧洲的犹太人,即所谓“最终解决”。

10.1945 年以后,就有一大批相当出色的瑞士和奥地利德语作家在德语文学界占据了重要地位,例如瑞士作家马克斯·弗里施和弗里德利希·迪伦马特和奥地利作家托马斯·贝恩哈特、著名的奥地利女诗人英格博格·巴赫曼，以及当代最惹人争议的奥地利作家彼得·汉特克等。

11.1949 年,布莱希特形象地提出了“砍光伐尽”的文学主张。12.1970 年12 月7 日,联邦德国总理威利·勃兰特在华沙向华沙无名烈士们和华沙隔都死难者纪念碑献花圈时,突然跪倒在地,代表德意志民族和国家向华沙死难者认罪。

13.1989 年12 月,在莱比锡传统的星期一游行中,“我们是一个民族”的口号取代了“我们才是人民”。

14.1990 年12 月,分裂多年的德国终于实现了统一。

15.1996 年春,人称“统一总理”的科尔大胆提出“ 一揽子节约措施”以节约开支,增加就业机会。

16.存在主义的主要著作是海德格尔的《存在与虚无》。17.存在主义哲学是马丁·海德格尔和卡尔·雅斯贝斯在两次大战之间创立的，后来在法国得到了进一步的发展,其思想渊源可追溯到19 世纪和20 世纪初欧洲的反理性主义思潮。

18.丹麦哲学家克尔恺郭尔和德国哲学家叔本华是存在主义的主要思想先驱。19.当

日耳曼人固有的文化。

22.德国早期启蒙运动的哲学代表是黑格尔，他堪称名副其实的“ 通才”。

23.德语在公元8 世纪发生了

45.进入创作成熟期的诗人歌德、席勒重新皈依古典传统。

46.就其特点而言，希腊文化更关注文化、艺术、哲学、宗教等精神领域里的活动，并在这些领域里取得了足以影响整个西方世界的辉煌成就，现代西方世界的哲学、艺术、诗学都是从这里汲取灵感和养料。

47.卡尔四世于1347～1378 年间就任德国皇帝，在海德堡建立了德国历史上

式”，即史诗、戏剧和诗歌。

69.在政治和法律领域，希腊人首创了“法律下之自由”的概念，并且在当时的社会做了实验。

概念解释：

“九十五条论纲” “四D”计划 “帝国理念” 《西方的衰落》 1914年理念 水晶之夜

包豪斯 柏林墙 狂飙突进 荷马史诗 国会纵火案 四D计划 启蒙运动 中世纪行会制度 十字军东征 大德意志方案与小德意志方案

第二篇：英语国家概况复习题及参考答案

《英语国家概况》复习题及参考答案

一 Multiple choice(30’)

()1As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of ___ in England.AgrainBfarm toolsChousesDlabor

()2In the late 17th century, two of most famous literary works were Pilgrim’s Progress and _________.Athe Jew of MaltaBthe School of Archery

CNovum OrganumDParadise Lost

()3.In 1836, a group of skilled workers and _____ formed the London Working Men’s Association.AhouseholdersBtenantsCsmall shopkeepersDoffice workers

()4.In the Industrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in the industry of ______.A.potteryBhardwareCtextilesDchemicals

()5.In Britain police officers are not allowed to join ________ or to go on strike.Aa choirBa political partyCa trade unionDa club

()6The Great Carter of 1215 is also known as _________.APeople’s CharterB Magna Carta

CKing’s CharterDthe Declaration of human rights

()7Henry Ⅱ was the first king of the ________ dynasty.AMalcolmB PlantagenetCWindsorDTudor

()8.__________ is the most typically English of sports

ACricketBGolfCTennisDHorse-racing

()9.By the Treaty of ______ of 1842, China ceded _______ to Britain.ANanjing, Hong KongBTianjing, Hong Kong

CNanjing, MacauDTianjing, Macau

()10.In _______, the name Great Britain came into being.A1689B1702C1701D1707

()11.The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and the beginning of 1930s was first brought about by ___.Athe farm failureBthe bank failures

C the stock market crashDthe high unemployment

()12． What are the problems that the U.S.economy has faced from time to time?

AInflationB DepressionsCRecessionsDall of the above

()13．The real American literature began________.Aafter the war of IndependenceBafter the Westward Movement

Cafter the Civil WarDafter the Civil Rights Movement

()14.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of ____.AcoalBelectricityC oilDwheat

()15.In the United States, if the parents don’t send their children to school at certain age, ________.Athe state government will be responsible for it

Bthey will educate the children themselves

Cthey can save a lot of moneyDthey are breaking the law

()16.The U.S.and China established their diplomatic relations in _____.A1974B1972C1978D1979

()17In his inaugural speech, ______ said that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

AWoodrow WilsonBTheodore Roosevelt

CFranklin D.RooseveltDGeorge Washington

()18.One of the characteristics of the American people is _______ and it is said they are always ______.Aliberty, debatingBaggressiveness, starting wars

Cmobility, on the moveDgreediness, making money

()19.Hemingway’s most famous masterpiece was ______.AThe Sun Also RisesBA Farewell to Arms

CFor Whom the Bell TollsDOld Man and the Sea

()20.The system of higher education in the U.S.has three principle functions except ____-.AteachingBresearchCpublic serviceD individual service

following statements are T(true)or F(false)according to what you have learned.(10’)

()1 There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: Scotland, Wales and England.()2 Under William’s rule, the freeman were at the bottom of the feudal system.()3 The English Civil War is also called the Glorious Revolution.()4 In U.K, a Parliament has a maximum duration of 4 years.()5 Christmas Day, December 25th, celebrates the birth of Christ, and is the greatest of Christian festivals.()6 Chicago is known as the automobile capital of the world.()7 Between 1850 and1880, many early Chinese immigrants to the United States worked in the mining industry, especially in the gold mines.()8 The Pilgrims built a colony named Plymouth after they arrived in America.()9.The longest war that the United States has fought is the Civil War.()10.Higher education in the U.S consists of six types of institutions.三Fill in the following blanks:(10’)In 1066, England was conquered by the _____________ who were led by William the Conqueror.2 The greatest writer in the English language is ____________________.In criminal trials in Britain, the issue of guilt or innocence is to be decided by the ________ while sentence is to be passed by the _______________.The dominant broadcasting corporation in Britain is ____________, which is controlled by the state.The most famous leader of the American Civil Rights movement in the 1960s was ______________________.The U.S.system of government has two layers of rule.They are the ___________ government and the ______ government.7.The National Day of the United States is ______.Between 1946 and 1961, more than 63 million babies were born in the United States, who were known as the ______________ generation.四 Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.(30’)What is the official name of Britain?What were the main causes of the Hundred Years’ War?What are the primary sources of British law?How was the 1920s in the United States described by many historians?What is the meaning of the “Lost Generation”?

6.What were the two guiding principles underlying America diplomatic activities in World War Two?

7.What are the three periods as far as the evolution the British economy since the Second World War is concerned?

8.What kind of economic system does the United States have?

9.Why is education very important to Americans?

10.What does the British Parliament consist of?

五 Explain each of the following terms in English.(10’)Thanksgiving Daythe Civil Rights Act of 1964

六 Write between 100-120 words on EITHER of the following topics.(10’)

1.What is Thatcherism and what are the major components of Thatcherism?

2.In what sense was the War of 1812 important to the development of the United States?

参考答案

一 1 DDCCC6 BBAAD 11 CDAAD 16 DCCDD

二 1 TFFFT6 FTTFT

三 1 Norman2 Shakespeare3 juryjudge4 BBC5 Martin Luther KingFederalState74, July8 baby boom

四The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nortain Ireland.Tthe main causes of the Hundred Years’ War were partly territorial and partly economic.The primary sources of British law are:(1)Statutes of Parliament;(2)common law;(3)equity law;(4)European Community law.The 1920s in the United States has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.The “Lost Generation refers to those who are both physically and spiritually impotent.The first was to win the war;the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with American interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.(1)Steady development in the 50s and 60s;

(2)Economic recession in the 70s;

(3)Economic recovery in the 80s.The United state has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.9.Because it contributes to developing the national strength and personal success.The British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.五Thanksgiving Day is a typical American holiday.It is an annual day of thanks for the blessings people have enjoyed during the year.The theme of thanksgiving has been peace and plenty, health and happiness.The Civil Rights Act of 1964It was signed into law by President Jonson in 1964.It outlawed discrimination not only in public housing, but also in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.六

1：The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain.Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism.It included:

(1)the return to private ownership of state-owned industries;

(2)the use of monetarist polices to control inflation;

(3)the weakening of trade union;

(4)the strengthening of the role market forces in the economy;

(5)an emphasis on law and order.The war, however, had great impact on the development of the United States.（1）The war made people realize the importance of a strong national government.（2）The war strengthened the feeling of national unity and patriotism.（3）For almost 10 years after the war, the Americans turned their attention to the development of the western part of the continent.（4）It made both Britain and Unites States realize that their disputes should be solve through negotiation..Please write any three of the 13 colonies the British established along the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1733.

第三篇：英美国家文化概况课后选择题答案

UNIT3

1.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.2.Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?

The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.3.The following were the main Reformation leaders except

Martin Luther King

4.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except

salvation through the church.5.Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?

separation of state and church.6.Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed because

the English king did not like the plan.7.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except

William Penn.8.The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly fromJohn Locke.9.Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?

Catholics.10.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of “

the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.UNIT4

1.Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over,the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined.2.According to the author, the Articles of Confederation failed because of the following reasons.Which is not true?

Some new states wanted to be free from the Union.3.Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?Rhode Island.4.Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.5.Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?The legislative.6.Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?

The president can make laws.7.The Bill of Rights consists ofamendments added to the Constitution in 1791.8.Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?

The freedom of searching a person's home by police.9.The following were NOT written into the Constitution in 1787 except

the powers of the president.10.The New Deal was started by

Franklin Roosevelt.UNIT 5

1.The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state ofRhode Island.2.The “American system” of mass production was first used in United States.firearms industry

3.The United States had the first standard paper currency in 1863.4.In which year was the United States rated NO.1 in terms of production capacity in the world? 1945

5.Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?

Steelmaking

6.The United States was rated forth in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.7.The United States produces as much as half of the world‟s

soybeans and corn.8.Which of the following is generally considered as an important institutional factor that contributed to the success of American business and industry?

Laissez-faire

9.Who has extolled the virtues of farmers?

Thomas Jefferson

10.The latest technology that farmers have adopted is

computers

UNIT6

1.Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?

The Catholics

2.Which of the following is unconstitutional in the United States?

Public money is provided to support religious schools.3.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the three basic religious beliefs?Islamic

4.Which of the following is true?

Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women,5.Which of the following continues to have an all-male clergy?

The Catholic Church

6.Which of the following features is NOT distinctively American?

There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the US.7.In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons except forfinding a job in society.8.Which of the following statement is NOT correct according to the author?

Protestant Church is an established church by law in the US.UNIT 7

1.Which of the following was a writer of the post-Revolutionary period?

Washington Irving

2.Which of the following is considered an American masterpiece?

Moby Dick

3.Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?

Walden

4.Whitman‟s poetry has the following characteristics except

fragmented haunting images

5.Mark Twain‟s work are characterized by the following except

egotism

6.Three of the following are characteristics of Emily Dickinson‟s poems.Which one is NOT? Her poems are very long and powerful.7.Henry Jameswas mainly interested in writing about American living in Europe.8.Sherwood Andersonis NOT included in the group of naturalists.9.Three of the following authors are Noble Prize winners.Which one is NOT?

F.Scott Fitzgerald.10.John Steinbeckdoes NOT belong to the „Lost Generation‟.11.Light in Augustwas NOT written by Hemingway.12.Which of the following is NOT an African-American author?

Alan Ginsberg

13.The following author were women writers who wrote novels in the 19th and early 20th century with the exception of

Willa Cather

14.The following writers represent new American voices except

T.S.Eliot

15.Among the following Native American writers, whose publications are regarded as sparking the beginning of the Native American Renaissance?

Scott Momaday‟s

UNIT 8

1.Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?Politics and business education.2.The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _______.boards of education

3.In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?

Elementary school, secondary school.4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?

Research institutions

5.Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?

Large universities offer scholarships to all students.6.The most important reason for students wanting to get into more desirable institutions becausethey find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of them

7.In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that _______.they pass the college entrance examinations

8.Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors.Which is the exception?

The State University of New York

9.Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _______.Investment

10.To get a bachelor's degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following excepttaking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy

UNIT 9

1.Black American sang the anthem of the civil rights movement, ______affirming their commitment to fight racial prejudice.We Shall Overcome!

2.The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known asKu Klux Klan.3.The reason why many young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s was that

they resented traditional white male values in US society

4.In addition to such tactics as sit-ins, young students also added ______to educate people about war in Vietnam.Teach-in

5.According to the author, three civil rights groups provided the leadership, the tactics, and the people to fight against Southern segregation.Which is the exception?

The students for a democratic society

6.A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when ______delivered his “I Have a Dream”

Martin Luther King, Jr.7.In January 1965, President Johnson declared “_______” to eliminate poverty “by opening to everyone the opportunity to live in decency and dignity.”

War on poverty

8.Unlike Martin Luther King, _______the chief spokesperson of Black Muslins advocated violence in self defense and black pride.Malcolm X

9.During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as _____to integrate interstate buses and bus station in the South.Freedom rides

10.Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India‟s leader Gandhi, _______was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1964.Martin Luther King,Jr.11.The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called____

the Hippies

12.In the 1960s, feminism was reborn.Many women were dissatisfied with their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of _______by _________, they found a voice.The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan

UNIT 10

1.Which of the following statement is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s?

Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life.2.the main factor contributing to the widening income gap between blacks and whites in the 1970s was _____

black had low position and low pay in the workplace hierarchy

3.Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups? The aggressive nature of these groups.4.Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?

Robbery

5.Which of the following statement is NOT true?

The Northern states did not have racial discrimination.6.Accoding to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse? Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment.7.If white-collar crimes were included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPT

living near city centers

8.Which of the following used human beings as guinea pigs to test drugs like LSD?The CIA

UNIT11

1.When did the word stereotype come into use in English?

Early 17th century

2.Which organization in the United States demonstrated strongly against any laws that might restrict gun ownership?

The NRA(national Rifle Association)

3.Which of the following websites are meant to cater to young tastes?

Facebook

4.Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot which was associated with life in America since the late 18th century?

Israel Zangwill

5.What was the major historical event that resulted in the separation of the Protestants from the Roman Catholic Church?

The 16th-century Reformation

6.Which of the following expressions represents the core value of the mainstream society in the USA?

Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.7.Which of the following was President Franklin D.Roosevelt‟s main concern?

Social justice

8.According to the author, the mosaic metaphor for American image has one fatal flaw.What is it?

American is not open to change.9.The internet has several characteristics that reflect life in the USA today.Which one is NOT? People can freely download MP3 music

10.Which of the following institution is responsible for the making of the Internet?

The US military

11.Free use of the Internet in the US responds to the basic American values, except that _____it doesn‟t help create material wealth.12.Which of the following helps theorize the concept of Fraternity?Karl Marx

第四篇：国家概况演讲稿

The 1st PPT:

Then i will talk something about the well-known colleges in Los Angeles.The 2nd PPT:

First, let us see the contents of eight main colleges in Los Angeles.A is the UCLA(加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校);B is the CSUN(加州州立大学北岭分校);C is the CSULA(加州州立大学洛杉矶分校);D is the USC(南加州大学)The 3rd PPT:

E is the Cal Tech(加州理工学院);F is the Occidental College(西方学院);G is the East Los Angeles College(东洛杉矶学院);H is the Pepperdine University(佩珀代因大学)The 4th PPT:

Before i begin the introduction, i want you to enjoy some beautiful pictures of the college.The 5th PPT:

This is the University of California, Los Angeles(加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校).As a public university which was built in 1919, now it is one of the top universities in American and has the largest number of application for admission in the USA.The 6th PPT:

This is the California State University, Northridge(加州州立大学北岭分校).It was built in 1958.It has gotten the acknowledgement from WASC.Its primary specialty are Movie&TV.Many famous stars will come into the campus to have some performances.Chinese stars Chen Chong and Pan Weibo also learned in this college before.The 7th PPT:

This is the California State University, Los Angeles(加州州立大学洛杉矶分校).Built in 1947, it has many distinguished professors and alumnus and alumna.The 8th PPT:

Let us enjoy some photos of the next college’s campus.The 9th PPT:

This college i’ll tell you is the University of Southern California(南加州大学).It was built in 1880 and it was the oldest private research university in California.There are 5 staff getting the Nobel Prize.And during more than 100 years, the alumnus of this college has won 280 Olympic Medals, which is the top one over all colleges around the world.And Armstrong is one of the alumnus.The 10th PPT:

The next college is the California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院).Built in 1891, it is the top university of Technology in the world.And it also got the No.1 in the Times Higher Education.However, it only has about 900 undergraduates and 1000 postgraduates.This college has developed many prestigious scientists such as Qian Xuesen, GordonMoore(who created Intel), and Richard Feynman(who created Feynman Diagram).The 11th PPT:

With the background of some pictures of this college, these are several Chinese and Western scientists came from this college.The 12th PPT: Then i want to introduce Occidental College(西方学院).It was built in 1887 and its feature is the multi specialty.The president Obama once was the student of this university.The 13th PPT:

The next college i want to talk about is the East Los Angeles College(东洛杉矶学院).It was built in 1945 and it is a famous community college.The 14th PPT:

The last university on my list is the Pepperdine University(佩珀代因大学).Built in 1937, it was the No.1 in the LL.M Dispute Resolution in 2013.It is famous for its rigorous style of study.And because it gets a good landscape, it also becomes a good place to visit.So in the final time , let us appreciate the beautiful scenery of it.

第五篇：中国旅游客源国概况复习题

中国旅游客源国概况复习题

第一章世界旅游客源市场

1、世界旅游发展简史

答：（1）近代旅游业发端于19世纪中叶的西欧和北美

（2）20世纪前半叶，世界经济在危机、战争和革命风暴的冲击下起伏不定，世界旅游

业时兴时废、时断时续，发展缓慢

（3）20世纪后半叶，进入了全球性的大众旅游时代

2、旅游业特点

答：（1）旅游业发展速度快，幅度大

（2）旅游活动具有广泛的群众性

（3）旅游活动遍及全球

（4）旅游的内容和方式日趋多样化

（5）旅游业已成为当今世界经济中最大的产业，成为许多国家国民经济的中国要产业和

创汇来源

（6）旅游业的国内管理和国际协调郭襄制度化、规范化

3、全球分为那几个区

答：非洲，美洲，东亚及太平洋地区，欧洲，中东和南亚

4、非洲旅游业特点

答：起步晚，基础差，发展缓慢

5、非洲旅游业发展不起来的原因

答：非洲大多数国家经济比较落后，旅游设施不完善，一些地区社会动荡、自然灾害严重，影响着旅游业的发展

6、非洲旅游业发展面临的主要任务

答：改善旅游基础设施，改进和开发心地旅游产品，并进行得力的市场促销

7、如何发展美洲旅游业

答：美洲应开发新的客源市场，特别是高质量、高产出的亚洲市场；加勒比地区要用丰富的新产品和有利的促销手段，重新推向美国市场；拉丁美洲地区的旅游业需要该区各国政府给予相应的重视，应加强区域内的合作

8、如何进一步发展东亚及太平洋地区旅游业

答：东亚地区应进一步开发既能满足西方远程旅游者，又能满足东方近程旅游者的旅游产品，完善基础服务设施，在大理接待日益增多的旅游者的同时，保持和提高旅游质量；加强旅游旅游经济合作，形成统一的亚太旅游形象，扩大亚太地区在世界旅游经济中的份额；在高速发展旅游业的同时，高度重视旅游资源和环境保护，确保旅游业的可持续发展

9、如何进一步发展欧洲旅游业

答：欧洲应充分发挥其丰富多彩的历史文化遗产和先进的旅游接待设施的优势，搭理开发面向亚太、北美和南美旅游者的旅游产品，特别是家庭旅游产品

10、中东地区旅游业发展的关键因素

答：能否保持社会稳定，实现和平发展。随着中东和平进程的推进，中东的旅游业将会得到巨大的发展。中东地区国家应加强旅游业的区域合作和联合促销，并大力改善基础设施和服务设施，提高旅游服务水平。

11、世界旅游市场整在想欧洲，东亚太和美洲三足鼎立的新格局演变

12、世界旅游业发展最显著地特征远将是远程旅游的增加

第二章 中国旅游业和海外客源市场

1、中国旅游业经历了历史性转变

答（1）在旅游事业的性质上，从政治接待活动转变为经济产业，旅游业成为由行、游、住、食、购、娱六个要素组成的新兴产业

（2）在接待对象上，从过去的半封闭式转为向世界全面开放

（3）在产业规模上，从少数几家旅行社、高档宾馆、餐馆，发展成有饭店业、旅行社、旅

游交通、旅游商品、旅游娱乐、旅游教育、宣传出版等构成的综合性的产业，成为第三产业中的重点产业之一

（4）在旅游经济的所有指构成上，从单一的全民所有制结构转向国有、集体、私营、个体、股份、中外合资（或合作）和外商独资并存的多种所有制结构

（5）在旅游文化体系上，随着旅游业的发展及旅游活动质量的提高，旅游的文化内涵逐渐

加重，旅游活动的文化信息量日渐提高，旅游从业人员的数量和质量不断提高

（6）在管理体制上，从政企合一的指令性计划管理想政企分开的市场经济型管理转变

（7）在国际联系上，从过去的隔绝式转为开放式、参与式，从坐等海外游客上门转向主动

出门宣传促销、组织招徕

（8）中国旅游的国际地位日益提高。

2、中国海外客源市场分两大块，一块是香港、澳门和台湾同胞及海外侨胞，另一块是外国人。其中，香港、澳门和台湾同胞及海外侨胞占海外客源市场的五分之四，外国人占五分之一

3、为什么吧港澳台划分在海外客源市场

答：港澳台同胞和华侨是大陆人民的骨肉同胞，不同于外国旅游者，但由于历史原因和现实

情况，对他们的旅游接待于其他国际旅游者有很多相似之处，因此把他们作为入境旅游者。新中国成立以来，港澳台同胞和华侨一直占我国入境旅游的最主要部分

4、外国客源市场以亚洲为主体，欧洲和北美为两翼

5、中国海外客源市场开发前景

答：中国的海外客源市场将在“一体两翼”格局的基础上，进一步扩展到世界五大洲更多的国家和地区，趋向全方位、多元化。

（1）亚太地区客源市场将稳中求升。在亚太地区经济进一步提升和该地区区域经济合作进

一步深化的基础上，我国的这一主要客源市场将达到一个新的水平

（2）欧洲市场进一步拓展。俄罗斯一直是中国客源市场中较稳定的前几国家之一，英法德

也居来华旅游者前列。由于中国和欧洲各国经济合作的扩大和进一步加强，今后欧洲客源市场将进一步拓展，不仅向西欧、中欧，更重要的是向南欧和北欧扩展

（3）美洲市场就有巨大潜力。美国将任然是中国的一个重点客源市场，加拿大市场亦会有

加大的增长。南美洲是中国国际客源市场中的一项空白。随着亚洲与南美洲新航线的开通，南美将会成为中国的一个新的客源地。

（4）中东和非洲历来是中国国际客源市场中的薄弱环节。中东和非洲历来是中国国际客源

市场中的薄弱环节，随着中国与中东、非洲建交，经贸，文化关系的发展，中国将持续打开这两个富有潜力的国际客源市场

第三章 亚太地区

日本

1、日本是一个群岛国家，全境由4000多个小岛组成2、日本火山、地震、温泉多，全国有大小火山200多座，其中活火山占1/4。日本的陆地

面积仅占世界陆地面积的1/400，却集中了世界上活火山的1/10。日本是世界上地震最频繁的国家之一，全国平均每天约有4次地震，故被称为“火山地震之邦”。

3、日本有温泉约2万处，是世界最大的温泉国

4、日本的矿产资源十分贫乏，是世界上最大的资源进口国。

5、北海道渔场是世界著名的渔场之一，鱼类多达700种，捕鱼量居世界首位。

主要旅游资源

1、东京（Tokyo）

①新宿②银座——商业中心③皇宫区——天皇居住的宫殿。④迪斯尼乐园——日本最大的游乐场

2、大阪

①大阪城堡——日本最大的城堡②四天王寺——最早的佛教古迹

3、京都——“千年古都”

是日本花道、茶道的繁盛之地，被称为“日本的灵魂”。

京都御所——日本的故宫

4、北海道

①札幌②登别——著名的温泉之乡③富士山——火山

1、日本人的“岛国意识”

“岛国意识”也即“生存意识”、“危机意识”，日本的国民有一种较为强烈的生存危机感，从而表现出来较强的勤劳、节俭、努力、创新的意识。日本人这种生存意识、危机意识的形成跟它的国情是分不开的。因为它是一个地理小国、资源小国、人口大国、多灾之国。

2、日本的文化特征主要体现在：

对传统文化的继承性、对外来文明的兼容性、对求道革新的独创性。正是这继承性、兼容性、独创性造就了日本独特的全新文化，即所谓的“杂食文化”。日本文化特征的表现，则有如日本人自己说的“右手拿算盘，左手拿《论语》”、“东洋的道德，西洋的技术”。它既包含着儒家思想的内容，同时又散发着浓厚的欧美气息。

3、日本旅华增长的原因

1、中国旅游资源尤其文化资源对日本游客有着厚重的吸引力

2、日本海外旅游者倾向时间更短、距离更近、花费更少的目的地

3、中日两国间日益频繁的经贸往来和各种交流带来的大量的商务客流

4、日本的见面礼仪

脱帽鞠躬，很少握手。但如女性或长辈主动伸出手是，男性或晚辈即可迎握，但不要用力握或久握。

两人并排行走，自己主动走在靠车道一侧，以照顾对方安全。与人说话不要凝视对方。常用见面礼节语有“您好”、“对不起”、“打扰您了”、“请多关照”等等。

日本人习惯于准备一些见面礼品。礼物大小视情况而定，有事礼物小而谊重情深。

6、重要节日

赏樱盛会3月15日至4月15日是日本的樱花节

元旦1月1日

桃花节3月3日，也称偶人节，女孩子的节日

盂兰盆节关东7月，关西8月

韩国和朝鲜

一、主要旅游资源

1、汉城（首尔）

（1）三大古宫

①景福宫②昌德宫③昌庆宫

（2）仁寺洞

（3）崇礼门（南大门）最典型的朝鲜王朝建筑之一。被称为汉城的象征。

（4）汉城塔

（5）华克山庄

（6）乐天世界，世界上最大的室内娱乐中心

（7）城北的板门店

2、庆州——世界十大古都之一

瞻星台，感恩寺，文武王海中陵

3、釜山——是韩国的第二大城市和第一大海港

梵鱼寺，通度寺，温泉，固城恐龙脚印化石

4、济州岛（Cheju）——“韩国夏威夷”——韩国第一大岛

金宁窟和万丈窟，汉拿山国立公园

二、客源特点

①“廉价”、“近距离”、“短时间”。

②韩国国民出游的目的地首选亚洲邻近国家和地区，主要原因在于地理位置接近，历史文化相近和贸易关系密切

③出游目的：以休闲度假和商务旅游为主，另外探亲访友，培训休学，文化体育

④散客旅游、家庭旅游、个人旅游的消费呈上升趋势。

⑤年龄构成：21～50岁的中青年游客为主体，女性游客里增长势头。

⑥出国游客易感兴趣的是购物，其次是城市旅游，再次是自然风管

三、来华旅游现状

①目前韩国是我国第二位的主要客源国

②散客多，团队少

③观光休闲与商务会议为主

四、重要节日

春节农历1月1日，是韩国人生活中最隆重的传统节日

上元节“上元”指阴历正月十五

端午节阴历五月初五

中秋节阴历八月十五，回家团聚，也是韩国人的感恩节。这天的特殊食物是“松饼”。光复节公历八月十五日

蒙古

1、重要节日

春节

那达慕7月11日。“那达慕”大会是蒙古民族传统的群众性节庆活动。届时，有摔跤、赛马、射箭等体育活动。1997年6月，蒙古决定将国庆节易名为“国庆节——那达慕”

2、旅游景点

乌兰巴托原名“库伦”，城市四周有博格多、桑根、青格尔泰等山峰环抱，其中，博格多山被称为圣山。山上松林茂密，多野生动物，是蒙古建立最早的自然风景保护区之一 哈尔和林蒙古历史名城，蒙古帝国的政治中心。

库苏古尔湖蒙古最大的淡水湖

新加坡

1.新加坡面积不大，既没有名山大川，也没有多少名胜古迹，旅游资源并不丰富，为什么能发展成为世界十大旅游中心之一，原因何在？

（1）交通发达。

世界航运中心，国际航空客运周转量居世界第五位，新加坡的航空世界高度发达，便捷发达的交通确保了旅游业的发展。

（2）加强狐疑旅游昂的政局稳定，社会治安良好，回忆设施先进的优势，加强会议旅游。新加坡以居世界第六大会议中心，亚洲首位会议中心，新加坡建有100多座国际会议馆。由于这些会议大都具有参加人数多，逗留时间长，消费水平高，购买能力强的特点，最终带动了国际旅游事业的发展

（3）降低旅游费用争夺客源市场

大多数人都是利用自己的继续出国旅游，因而节约开支，降低消费成为大多数旅游者的普通需求，根据旅游者的这一特点，新加坡在世界各旅游城市消费上涨的情况下，通过降低旅游费用来争夺客源市场，在新加坡不仅吃玩便宜，而且就是一批一流宾馆的收费也较其他国家低廉，毫无疑问，这价廉物美的旅游地形象具有极强的竞争力，赢得了各国旅游者的赞赏

（4）注重开展优质服务

新加坡旅游接待服务质量水准高，有一套完整的旅游夫妇机构，一些饭店屡屡在国际上获得最佳饭店的称号，新加坡航空公司在国际上享有很高的声誉。

有态度殷勤热情的接待人员，无论食宿、交通、、参观游览等都有安排的十分周到。开展“礼貌运动”，提高全社会的道德水平，旅游者会产生安全感，而且感到特别亲切和尊重。

（5）不断快发展和完善旧项目，増辟新项目

増辟新项目，是其旅游业长盛不衰的奥妙之所在，新加坡成分利用其地处热带雨林气候的有利条件，建造了许多旅游场所，诸如热带植物园，珊瑚馆，裕廊飞禽公园，度假营等等，这些场所不及布局合理，独具匠心，还具有知识性

（6）法律法规健全，实施严格，科学管理

为了保证出售商品的质优价廉，新加坡推行“优质零售计划”，发放鱼尾狮标志，作为信得过商店，若游客受到诈骗，立刻投诉，赔偿损失，或吊销营业执照，保护有课消费权，广大游客可以放心购物。为了依法管理旅游业，颁发了条例法规。留给有课的印象是“城市地面只有两种东西，草坪和水泥“

2、重要节日

国庆节8月9日

食品节4月17日

百鸟争鸣节7月

3、主要景点

天福宫、裕华园、星和园、鱼尾狮公园、晚晴园、植物园——世界上最大的兰花园之一，世界著名的热带植物园之

一、裕廊飞禽公园、泰国

1、泰国的国教是佛教。有“黄袍佛国”、“千佛之国”的美誉

2、民间节日

清迈鲜花节2月4号到6号，2月份是北部清迈地区百花盛开的世界，花节除展出各种花

卉以外，还有许多表演项目，诸如：花车游行，选美比赛，花船展示

万佛节每年泰历3月15日。表达佛教徒对佛祖的信仰和尊敬而设立的节日

宋干节亦称“求雨节”。泰国佛历新年，每年公历4月13日至15日，人们要举行“浴佛

庆典”“堆沙”“斋僧”“放生”“游行”“泼水”等重要活动

菲律宾

主要旅游景点

1.马尼拉

菲律宾文化村、梨刹公园、圣奥古斯丁大教堂、唐人街、马拉卡南宫

2．吕宋岛

巴纳韦高山梯田、百胜滩、碧瑶

2.巴拉望

3.马荣火山

越南

1、有染齿习俗，黑齿是女郎、少女貌美的重要条件之一，有“黑齿桃颜”之说

2、主要旅游景点

（1）河内

还剑湖、巴亭广场、西湖

（2）胡志明市

总统府、圣母院、高等法院

（3）岘港

美索思圣地、会安古镇

（4）下龙湾

印度

主要旅游景点

1.新德里

泰姬陵

2.加尔各答

3.孟买

阿旃陀石窟、胡马雍陵、金庙、阿格拉红包