开斋节用英文怎么说

第一篇：开斋节用英文怎么说

英语口语培训-Spiiker必克英语www.xiexiebang.com

开斋节用英文怎么表达

开斋节的英文单词或是词组

Lesser Bairam ；

Eid al-Fitr

Eid ul-Fitr

Balram

Eid Al-Titr

开斋节用英文怎么表达？句子分享

开斋节是关于全世界穆斯林的宗教节日。

Eid al-adha is a religious festival celebrated by muslims worldwide

开罗塔里尔广场：狂欢者在尽情享受开斋节庆典，这标志着斋月的结束

Tahrir square, cairo: revellers enjoy celebrations for eid al-fitr, which marks the end of ramadan

停止偿还债务的消息在为期4天的开斋节前夕宣布，加剧了投资者的焦虑，这意味着在下周前，许多问题的答案仍是未知数。

Investor angst has been heightened because the announcement of a standstill on debt repayments was made just ahead of the four day eid holiday, meaning many questions will go unanswered until next week.本月16号一群青年右翼分子在穆斯林进行户外祷告会（雅典没有官方批准的清真寺）庆祝开斋节时向其投掷鸡蛋。

英语口语培训-Spiiker必克英语www.xiexiebang.com

On november 16th young right-wingers pelted muslims with eggs as they marked their eid festival with an outdoor prayer meeting（athens has no official city mosque）。

世界上最大规模之一的年度转移活动，为了庆祝开斋节，成千上万的印尼人离开雅加达等城市，在斋月末尾的穆斯林假期，和亲属聚集在印尼的各个村庄和农村。

In one of the world's largest annual exoduses, tens of millions of indonesians leave jakarta and other cities to celebrate id al-fitr, the muslim holiday at the end of ramadan, with relatives in villages and towns across rural indonesia.

第二篇：英文说传统清明

清明节及其起源英文介绍

Qing Ming Festival and Its Origin Qing Ming, which means clear and bright in Chinese, falls on April 5th this year.It is both the fifth term in the traditional lunar calendar and a festival to hold memorial ceremony for the dead.It is a time to express one's grief for his lost relatives.An ancient elegiac poem, which described a grievous woman, was read that vines tangled in vain and weeds crept in the graveyard, and her husband slept there lonely.It was so difficult to endure for her as if summer in the day and winter at night.And her only wish was to reunite with him after death.People often go to sweep and weed graves with whole family and take a walk in the countryside as well.In Tang Dynasty, the habit of taking an excursion on this day was developed.At this time, spring returns and dominates the earth again.The feel of growing life is in the air, with sap ascending in trees and buds bursting.And the willow branches inserted on each gate add vigor and vitality to the surroundings.But it actually means more than that.This custom can be traced back to over one thousand years ago.During the Period of Spring and Autumn in the Jin Kingdom, one of the King's sons was called Chong Er.Jealous of his talent, a concubine falsely accused him of rebellion to make her son the crown prince.He had no choice but to flee and with him were some officials.They hid themselves in a mountain and went hungry for quite some time.An official named Jie Zitui took great pain to cut some flesh from his thigh and cooked it for Chong Er.When the fact was known the young master was moved to tears and knelt down in gratitude.And Jie replied his best repayment should be a just king.They lived a life of hunger and cold for three years until the evil concubine died.Many soldiers were sent to look for him and to escort him back home.Going into the carriage, he saw an official packed an old mat onto a horse, he said laughingly, 'What on earth is the use of that? Throw it away!' Jie Zitui heard it and sighed, 'It is hardship that can be shared with his majesty but not prosperity.' So he went away quietly and lived in seclusion with his old mother.As Chong Er became king, he rewarded many people but he forgot Jie Zitui.He did not realize it until was reminded.However his invitation was refused and he flared up.Soldiers were ordered to burn up the mountain to force Jie to come out.Finally they found Jie and his mother scorched under a willow.He would rather die than yield to the power.Chong Er was so overwhelmed with regret that he ordered people hold memorial ceremony for Jie.So every year on that day folks mourned for him and the day before ate cold meals, which avoided making fire.Later the custom of inserting willow branches on gates was also added.清明节的由来

清 明 节（Tomb-Sweeping Day）Qing Ming Jie（All Souls' Day）

Qing Ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed.More important, it is a period to honour and to pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members.Because it reinforces the ethic of filial piety, Qing Ming is a major Chinese festival.清明节是一个纪念祖先的节日。主要的纪念仪式是扫墓，扫墓是慎终追远、郭亲睦邻及行孝的具体表现；基于上述意义，清明节因此成为华人的重要节日。

Literally meaning “clear”(Qing)and “bright”(Ming), this Chinese festival falls in early spring, on the 106th day after the winter solstice.It is a “spring” festival, and it is an occasion for the whole family to leave the home and to sweep the graves of their forebears.Chinese being practical people this sweeping of the graves is given an extended period, that is, 10 days before and after Qing Ming day.Among some dialect groups a whole month is allocated.清明节是在仲春和暮春之交，也就是冬至后的106天。扫墓活动通常是在清明节的前十天或后十天。有些地域的人士的扫墓活动长达一个月。ORIGIN（起源）

Qing Ming is popularly associated with Jie Zi Zhui, who lived in Shanxi province in 600 B.C.Legend has it that Jie saved his starving lord's life by serving a piece of his own leg.When the lord succeeded in becoming the ruler of a small principality, he invited his faithful follower to join him.However, Jie declined his invitation, preferring to lead a hermit's life with his mother in the mountains.谈到清明节，有点历史知识的人，都会联想到历史人物介子椎。据历史记载，在两千多年以前的春秋时代，晋国公子重耳逃亡在外，生活艰苦，跟随他的介子椎不惜从自己的腿上割下一块肉让他充饥。后来，重耳回到晋国，作了国君（即晋文公，春秋五霸之一），大事封赏所有跟随他流亡在外的随从，惟独介子椎拒绝接受封赏，他带了母亲隐居绵山。

Believing that he could force Jie out by burning the mountain, the lord ordered his men to set the forest on fire.To his consternation, Jie chose to remain where he was and was burnt to death.To commemorate Jie, the lord ordered all fires in every home to be put out on the anniversary of Jie's death.Thus began the “cold food feast”, a day when no food could be cooked since no fire could be lit.晋文公无计可施，只好放火烧山，他想，介子椎孝顺母亲，一定会带着老母出来。谁知这场大火却把介子椎母子烧死了。为了纪念介子椎，晋文公下令每年的这一天，禁止生火，家家户户只能吃生冷的食物，这就是寒食节的来源。

The “cold food” festival occurs on the eve of Qing Ming and is often considered as part of the Qing Ming festival.As time passes, the Qing Ming festival replaced the “cold food” festival.Whatever practice is observed，the basic observation of Qing Ming is to remember one's elders by making a special effort to visit their graves, ashes or ancestral tablets.To make the visit even more meaningful, some time should be spent to remind the younger members of the family of the lives and contributions of their ancestors, and the story of Jie Zi Zhui who choose death over capitulation.寒食节是在清明节的前一天，古人常把寒食节的活动延续到清明，久而久之，清明取代了寒食节。拜介子椎的习俗也变成了清明扫墓的习俗了。无论以何种形式纪念，为了使纪念祖先的仪式更有意义，我们应该让年轻一代的家庭成员了解先人过去的奋斗历史，当然，还要学习介子椎宁死不屈的气节

2012各地清明节风俗习惯和来历（双语）

清明节的习俗是丰富有趣的，除了讲究禁火、扫墓，还有踏青、荡秋千、蹴鞠、打马球、插柳等一系列风俗体育活动。相传这是因为清明节要寒食禁火，为了防止寒食冷餐伤身，所以大家来参加一些体育活动，以锻炼身体。因此，这个节日中既有祭扫新坟生别死离的悲酸泪，又有踏青游玩的欢笑声，是一个富有特色的节日。

The custom of the qingming festival is rich interesting, in addition to pay attention to the fire, the grave, and outing, swing, a game called cuju, play polo, inserted liu and so on a series of customs sports activities.This is because tomb-sweeping day to people from the fire, in order to prevent a cold buffet injury body, so everyone to take part in some of the sports activities, and to exercise.Therefore, this festival both JiSao new born from the grave don't dead BeiSuan tears, and visit outing laughter, is a rich characteristic holiday.但是，清明作为节日，与纯粹的节气又有所不同。节气是我国物候变化、时令顺序的标志，而节日则包含着一定的风俗活动和某种纪念意义。

But, as a clear festival, and pure solar term and different.Solar term is our country phenology, seasonal change of the order of symbol, and the festival is contains certain custom of commemoration.清明节是我国传统节日，也是最重要的祭祀节日，是祭祖和扫墓的日子。扫墓俗称上坟，祭祀死者的一种活动。汉族和一些少数民族大多都是在清明节扫墓。

Ching Ming festival is a traditional Chinese festival, is also the most important sacrifice holiday, is the day of worship their ancestors and the grave.The grave commonly known as ShangFen, the sacrifices of the dead an activity.The han nationality and some minority are mostly in the ching Ming festival the grave.按照旧的习俗，扫墓时，人们要携带酒食果品、纸钱等物品到墓地，将食物供祭在亲人墓前，再将纸钱焚化，为坟墓培上新土，折几枝嫩绿的新枝插在坟上，然后叩头行礼祭拜，最后吃掉酒食回家。唐代诗人杜牧的诗《清明》：“清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处有？牧童遥指杏花村。”写出了清明节的特殊气氛。

According to the old tradition, the grave, people to carry goods such as especially fruit, paper money to the cemetery, will be food for offering in the tomb of loved ones, then the dead incineration, grave earthed up new soil, fold a few branches of the 60-foot green inserted in a grave, and then KouTou worship salute, finally eat especially home.The poets in tang dynasty DuMu poem “painting” : “time.though rain in succession, pedestrian rains fall heavily as qingming comes JieWen restaurant where you have.The most ambitious almond flowers? Village.” Write the tomb-sweeping day special atmosphere.荡秋千

swing

这是我国古代清明节习俗。秋千，意即揪着皮绳而迁移。它的历史很古老，最早叫千秋，后为了避忌讳，改为秋千。古时的秋千多用树桠枝为架，再栓上彩带做成。后来逐步发展为用两根绳索加上踏板的秋千。打秋千不仅可以增进健康，而且可以培养勇敢精神，至今为人们特别是儿童所喜爱。

This is our country ancient qingming festival customs.Swing, meaning clench leather string and migration.Its history is very old, and the first call century, in order to avoid after taboo, to swing.Swing of the old tree YaZhi multi-purpose for frame, then switch to make the ribbons.Then gradually developed for use two rope and pedal swing.Play not only improves the health swing, and can cultivate the brave spirit, to now is people, especially children's favorite.蹴鞠

Game called cuju

鞠是一种皮球，球皮用皮革做成，球内用毛塞紧。蹴鞠，就是用足去踢球。这是古代清明节时人们喜爱的一种游戏。相传是黄帝发明的，最初目的是用来训练武士。

A ball is bowed, ball with leather skin made, the ball inside with wool plugged.A game called cuju, which is with enough to play football.This is ancient tomb-sweeping day's favorite when a game.Legend has it that the invention of the yellow emperor, original purpose is used to train warrior.踏青

outing

又叫春游。古时叫探春、寻春等。三月清明，春回大地，自然界到处呈现一派生机勃勃的景象，正是郊游的大好时光。我国民间长期保持着清明踏青的习惯。

And that spring outing.That old TanChun, XunChun, etc.During march, spring warms the earth, nature become a vibrant picture everywhere, it is the good old days for an outing.Our country folk to keep for a long time the habit of clear outing.植树

Planting trees

清明前后，春阳照临，春阳照临，春雨飞洒，种植树苗成活率高，成长快。因此，自古以来，我国就有清明植树的习惯。有人还把清明节叫作“植树节”。植树风俗一直流传至今。1979年，人大常委会规定，每年三月十二日为我国植树节。这对动员全国各族人民积极开展绿化祖国活动，有着十分重要的意义。

Clarity around, ChunYang ZhaoLin, ChunYang ZhaoLin, spring rain FeiSa, planting trees survival rate high, grow fast.Therefore, since the ancient times, our country is clear the habit of planting trees.There are some called the qingming festival “Arbor Day”.Planting trees customs has been spread until now.In 1979, the National People's Congress standing committee regulations, 12 March each year for our country Arbor Day.The mobilization of the people of all ethnic groups in motherland green actively carry out activities, has the extremely vital significance.放风筝

Fly a kite

也是清明时节人们所喜爱的活动。每逢清明时节，人们不仅白天放，夜间也放。夜里在风筝下或风稳拉线上挂上一串串彩色的小灯笼，象闪烁的明星，被称为“神灯”。过去，有的人把风筝放上蓝天后，便剪断牵线，任凭清风把它们送往天涯海角，据说这样能除病消灾，给自己带来好运。

Qingming day is enjoyed by people of activities.Every qingming day, people not only BaiTianFang, also put on at night.The night wind or stability in kite hung a string of arrows color small lanterns, like the shining stars, called “the absolute being light”.In the past, some people put a kite the blue sky, then cut matchmaking, let the wind put them sent to the ends of the world, it is said that this can except disease disaster, bring you good luck.

第三篇：墨子节用思想

简析墨子的消费伦理思想

论文摘要：作为墨家的代表人物，墨子有其独特而深刻的消费伦理思想，主要体现在“节用”的消费行为规范方面。墨子兼顾功利主义与节俭主义的经济伦理思想，对构建现代市场经济条件下的新型消费伦理，培养节俭之美德，有着重要的借鉴意义。

一、消费行为规范：“节用”

墨子主张的消费行为规范，概括地来说主要是“节用”。赵靖先生评价说：“在墨家的经济思想体系中，生产论实际上成了节用论的从属部分。在墨学十大纲领中，经济方面的纲领只有一个：„国家贫，则语之节用、节葬。‟墨翟几乎把一切经济问题都纳入节用的范畴下，把节用看做是解决一国经济问题的不二法门。”墨子主张节用，源于他对生产与消费关系的深刻认识。那种不顾生产对消费的决定和制约，盲目追求奢侈消费的行为，是治国的七大忧患之首。传统社会中，农业生产是古代经济生活中的头等大事，风调雨顺与政通人和对一个国家和人民来说相当重要。一方面，风调雨顺意味着五谷丰登，衣食有望，否则“一谷不收谓之馑，二谷不收谓之旱，三谷不收谓之凶。四谷不收谓之溃，五谷不收谓之饥”，遇到灾荒之年，民则无所仰，仕者大夫亦损禄，以致“尽无禄”，“禀食(口粮)而已矣”，国家也因此岌岌可危；另一方面，政通人和对农业生产起着非常积极的作用，政治清明的时候，人民能休养生息，“不误农时”，保障农业生产所需的人力、物力和时间，不像兵荒马乱的时候，劳役和徭役繁重，疲于奔命，民不聊生。然而，农业生产有赖于天时地利，不稳定的因素较多，自然条件又非人力所能及，要解决这个矛盾，除了加强农业生产外，在消费方面只能是尽可能地节用，“以时生财，固本而用财，则财足”作为财富的最大消耗者，统治阶层更是要注重节用，杜绝奢侈浪费，“凡足以奉给民用，则止。诸加费不加于民利者，圣王弗为”。基于上述认识，墨子倡导节用，包括人们衣食住行的节用，以及节葬短丧。

在衣食住行方面，墨子制定了详细的节用之法，其日：

衣：“为衣服之法：冬则练帛之中，足以为轻且暖，夏则缔络之中，足以为轻则清，谨此则止。故圣人之为衣服，适身体和肌肤而足矣。非荣耳目而观愚民也。当是之时，坚车良马不知贵也，刻镂文采不知喜也。何则?其所道之然。”

食：“古者圣王制为饮食之法，日：足以充虚继气，强股肱，耳目聪明，则止。不极五味之调、芬香之和，不致远国珍怪异物。”

住：“室高足以辟润湿，边足以圉风寒，上足以待雪霜雨露，宫墙之高，足以别男女之礼。谨此则止，凡费财劳力，不加利也，不为也。”

行：“车为服重致远，乘之则安，引之则利；安以不伤人，利以速至，此车之利也。古者圣王为大川广谷之不可济，于是制为舟楫，足以将之，则止。虽上者三公诸侯至，舟楫不易，津人不饰，此舟之利也。”

墨子还指出，遇到欠收灾荒之年，统治者还要相应地减免税收，压缩开支，降低生活标准，与民同甘共苦，“岁馑，则仕者大夫以下皆损禄五分之一。旱，则损五分之二。凶，则损五分之三。溃，则损五分之四。饥，则尽无禄，禀食而已矣。”

至于丧葬之礼，墨子非常反对：“又厚葬久丧，重为棺椁，多为衣衾，送死若徙。三年哭泣，扶后起，杖后行，耳无闻，目无见，此足以丧天下。”父母去世，子女要守三年之丧，对于国家和民众的财富精力是很大的损害，因此，墨子主张节葬短丧。他说：“上士之操丧也，必扶而能起，仗而能行以此共三年。若法若言，行若道，使王公大人行此，则必不能蚤朝晏退，听狱治政。使士大夫行此，必不能治五官六府，辟草木，实仓瘭。使农夫行此，则必不能蚤出夜人，耕稼树艺。使百工行此，则必不能修舟车，为器皿也。使妇人行此，则必不能夙兴夜寐，纺绩织缍。细计厚葬，为多埋赋之财者也；计久丧，为久禁从事者也。财以成者，扶而埋之；后得生者，而久禁之。以此求富，此譬犹禁耕而求获也，富之说无可得焉。‟

从这些节用思想中，我们可以发现这样一些特点：

第一，从衣食住行方面给出的详细规定来看，它们主要是一些消费行为所应遵循的道德规范。在消费问题上，墨子的观点是那些为了满足生活的基本需要的消费，是切合实用的消费，也是正当的消费，反之，则是没有实用价值的奢侈消费，是不正当的消费。“节用”的消费行为规范，正是对那些奢侈消费的道德约束和限制，这些行为规范连同与之相关的消费思想一起构成了墨子消费伦理的基本内容。

第二，墨子在注重节用的同时，也强调生产之重要性。他以为要使饥者得食，寒者得衣，劳者得息，使一切人民皆能维持一定的消费水平，就必须加强生产。故谓“凡五谷者，民之所仰也，君之所以为养也。故民无仰则君无养，民无食则不可事。故食不可不务也，地不可不力也，用不可不节也。”除了生产之外，还要注意防范不时之灾，即所谓“国备”，他说：“国无三年之食者，国非其国也。家无三年之食者，子非其子也。此之谓国备。”。墨子观察到了生产与需要之间的矛盾，一方面是要加紧发展生产，另一方面，节俭消费、抑制需要、适当积累亦是不可少的。在物质财富不丰盈的古代社会，墨子的节用不仅反映了小生产者及下层劳动人民的利益和要求，也是一种消极地适应低水平生产的有效消费方式和生活态度。第三，古代社会，广大小生产者和平民生活贫困，节用是他们本来的持家之道。墨子对衣食住行的节用规定，主要是针对当时的统治阶级而言的。墨子批评当时统治阶级不满足实用，追求享乐，形成奢侈挥霍之风，为衣服，“以为锦绣文采靡曼之衣，铸金以为钩，珠玉以为碾，女工作文采，男工作刻镂，以为衣服”；为饮食，“以为美食刍豢，蒸炙鱼鳖，大国累百器，小国累十器，前方丈，目不能遍视，手不能遍操，口不能遍味，冬则冻冰，夏则饰噎”；为宫室，“以为宫室台榭曲直之望，青黄刻镂之饰”；为舟车，“饰车以文采，饰舟以刻镂。女子废其纺织而修文采，男子离其耕稼而修刻镂，故民饥”；为丧葬，“棺椁必重，葬埋必厚，衣衾必多，文绣必繁，丘陇必巨”。为满足享乐消费，统治者“厚作敛于百姓，暴夺民衣食之财”，其必然结果是“富贵者奢侈，孤寡者冻馁”。尚俭节用，本为先秦各学派所推崇，而墨子及其弟子不但身体力行，自奉甚俭，还制定了具体的标准和内容，对消费行为予以规约，把矛头直接指向了封建统治阶级。墨子这一节用的思想已经超越了纯经济学的意义，闪烁着伦理智慧之光。

二、节用的价值指导与目的：“兴天下之利”

与儒家哲学之根本观念不同，儒家“正其谊不谋其利，明其道不计其功”，而墨家则专注重“利”，专注重“功”，”“功”和“利”是墨子思想的根本出发点。其“兴天下之利”的功利主义思想，虽然不是直接思考消费伦理问题的，但客观上还是对墨子节用、节葬等消费思想有着重要的、直接的影响。墨子言利。他说：“仁人之所以为事者，必兴天下之利，除去天下之害，以此为事者也。”

“何谓三表，子墨子言日：有本之者，有原之者。有用之者。于何本之?上本之于古者圣王之事。于何原之?下原察百姓耳目之实。于何用之?发以为刑政，观其中国家百姓人民之利。”墨子认为，一切行为，皆以“兴天下之利”为其价值目的，而“国家百姓人民之利”则为一切价值之最终标准。与墨子相反，儒家区分了义与利：君子喻于义，小人喻于利，义与利是相对立的；墨子则认为义利是一致的，义，利也。墨子认为天下奠贵于义，有义则治，无义则乱，义是利于天下的。墨子的利，指公利，也是道德的最高原则，善恶之分皆由此为标准。在墨子看来，国家百姓人民之利，即是人民之“富”与“庶”，凡能使人民富庶之事物，皆为有用，否者皆为无益或有害，“一切价值，皆依此估定。”人民的富庶既然是国家百姓人民之大利，因而，有关富民养民，丰衣足食的实现方式就显得非常重要。墨子强调，“财不足则反之时，食不足则反之用”。财利不足，就要反过来注重按农时耕种，遵循农业生产的客观规律；食不足，则要节用，反对奢侈，去除无用之费，才能“兴利多”。

以同一理由，墨子认为儒家坚持厚葬久丧，守孝三年，是对人力物力的巨大损害，使财

贫，人寡而国乱，“足以丧天下”，应该予以去除。墨子的“节用”之法之于国家百姓人民的“富”、“庶”、“兴利多”的意义十分重要，于国于民都是须臾不可少的，其经济伦理价值也因此凸显出来。

基于“兴天下之利”之价值指导，墨子倡导近于苦行主义的节用思想。当然，墨子并不是要完全的禁欲，而是节制一些人的非基本的欲望，以求天下人最基本欲望的满足。墨子反对美服、美色、甘食、安逸，是要牺牲目前的一切享受，以求人民皆能维持生活。其“不侈于后世，不靡于万物”，“以自苦为极”的消费伦理思想，皆是“兴天下之利”，为达到利民、利国、利天下之目的。

三、墨子消费伦理思想的局限与意义

中国古代经济思想史中，墨子的消费伦理思想独树一帜。墨子及其弟子以为世上人人皆须勤苦节欲，所谓“节俭则昌，淫佚则亡”。在消费问题上墨子力主节用以及自奉甚俭的生活，给人们留下了深刻的印象。墨子提倡的所谓“古者圣王制为节用之法”，是种固定的、僵化的、较低的消费标准。

墨子指望人们能遵循“节用之法”，从而抑制侈靡浪费，化解生产与需要之间的矛盾，在物质财富不充盈、饥寒交迫的古代，墨子的思想是有其积极意义的。但是，从社会发展的长远前景来看，随着生产的扩大，经济的发展，财富的增多，社会需求和社会消费也在增加，这是不可遏制的历史潮流。因而。“墨子企图极大地限制甚至取缔人们除基本生存需要之外的一切消费，实际上就违反了社会发展的客观规律，是行不通和不会有什么结果的。而这，就正是小生产劳动者的狭隘眼界的悲剧。”从现代市场经济的眼光来看，人为地限制消费，满足于仅仅食饱衣暖是不可能的。消费与生产互相影响，消费已成为社会再生产的充分必要条件，成为了国民经济运行的原动力。并且，随着大众消费时代的到来，以生产为主导的社会转向了以消费为主导的社会，消费在人们的生活中扮演着愈来愈重要的角色。其次，墨子不能理解到，在以封建地主土地所有制为基础的经济体系下，即使劳动人民加紧发展生产，厉行节约，统治阶级也会加大剥削力度满足他们穷奢极欲的生活，使得在消费问题上只能是统治阶级奢侈而劳动人民始终贫穷。这里，我们看到了墨子消费伦理思想的局限。

显然，墨子独特而深刻的消费伦理思想还具有不容忽视的积极意义。首先，墨子主张不论平民百姓还是统治阶级，人人皆要节用尚俭。儒家也尚俭，但俭的具体标准是依礼而行，以礼为度，所谓“俭不违礼”，“用不伤义”。就是说，消费要符合个体名分地位和身份，是一种名副其实的等级消费，反映了儒家仁学道德观的不平等性。而墨子相信，“官无常贵，民无终贱”，墨子希望通过推行节用的基本道德规范，限制统治阶级的奢侈消费，消除消费上的不平等现象，实现其“兼相爱，交相利”的社会政治理想。墨子的消费思想有着统治阶级所缺乏的重视生产，讲求平等互爱的伦理精神。其次，墨子的节俭以“国家百姓人们之利”为旨归，体现其无私奉献和自我牺牲的精神。墨子是典型的功利主义者，但其所求之“利”是“利天下”，为了天下百姓之富庶安康个人牺牲一切亦在所不惜，由此，《淮南子·泰族训》记载，“墨子服役者百八十人，皆可使赴汤蹈火，死不还踵”。墨子及其学派“先天下之忧而忧”，对国家社稷和人民富有强烈的责任感和道德感，把勤苦节用作为毕生的道德信念并亲身践履之。毋庸置疑，墨子这种自奉甚俭，无私奉献的思想和行为，对于现代市场经济条件下公民道德建设是大有裨益的。第三，墨子及其追随者作为同广大劳动人民有密切联系的一个学派，重视生产劳动，尊重劳动成果，其兼顾功利主义与节俭主义的经济伦理思想，对构建现代市场经济条件下的消费伦理，培养节俭之美德，有着重要的借鉴价值。

第四篇：如何用英文说班级里的干部

在我们的班级里，有着大大小小的干部：班长、学习委员、组织委员、劳动委员„„每个委员都承担着自己领域的责任，为同学们的学习和生活提供服务。今天我们就来看看如何用英语说这些委员的称号。班委会 class committee 班长 class monitor 副班长 assistant class monitor 学习委员 commissary in charge of studies 组织委员 commissary in charge of organization 宣传委员 commissary in charge of publicity 文艺委员 commissary in charge of literature and art 体育委员 commissary in charge of sports 生活委员 commissary in charge of general affairs 劳动委员 commissary in charge of physical labour 其实“啥啥委员”是很中国化的东西，所以英语中也没有确切对应的表达方式。以上译法是我们这里比较通用的方式，不过就小编个人看来，将其中的commissary一词换做class representative（班级代表）更为贴切一些。下面是一所国外学校的The Class Committee Structure（班委结构图）：

其中form teacher是指级任导师，也就是年级组长的概念。我们可以发现他们都是分成了一个个Committee：Welfare Committee（福利委员会，负责向学生提供福利服务，如：订购午膳饭盒、文具等）, Environment Committee（环境委员会）, Special Projects Committee（特殊项目委员会）, Subject Areas Committee（学科工作委员会）。所以要说“啥啥委员”时也可以用a member of XXX Committee 或者 XXX Committee Member。

第五篇：父亲节用英语怎么说-

父亲节用英语怎么说?

Happy Father's Day 父亲节快乐 爸爸，父亲节快乐

Daddy, happy father's day

首先，我们来学习一下父亲节英语怎么说？父亲节：Father's Day!父亲节快乐：Happy Father's Day~!

下面我们来学习一下和父亲节有关的英语知识：

我们汉语中也有许多关于父亲的成语、谚语。如：父慈子孝、父为子隐、父紫儿朱、父严子孝、父债子还，等等。

英语中也有许多关于father的词语:

一、谚语

1)The wish is father to the thought.愿望是思想之父。

2)The child is father of the man.三岁定到 老。

3)Like father, like son.有其父必有其子。

4)A miserly father makes a prodigal son.有吝啬的父亲必有败家之子。

5)Many a good father hath but a bad son.好父亲偏生不肖子。

6)The sins of the fathers are visited upon the children.父辈的罪孽，会及子孙。

7)The father buys, the son bigs, the grandchild sells and his son thigs.老子买地，儿子盖房，孙子卖产，重孙讨饭（big: build;thig: beg)。

8)Father earns and son spends.老子挣钱儿子花（老子挑重担，儿子穿绸缎)。

9)One father is more than a hundred school-masters.一个父亲胜于一百个教师。

10)One father can support ten children;the children cannot support one father.一个父亲可以供应十个孩子，十个孩子却不能供养一个父亲。

二、习语

1)from father to son 从父到子，世代相传

2)be gathered to one’s father/sleep with one’s father 见老祖宗去，死

3)lie with one’s fathers 葬于故乡

4)the father(and mother)of a非常大的；十分严重（或严厉）的 5)The father of a whipping一顿痛打

6)be old enough to be sb.’s father 比某人年龄大多了

三、固定短语

1.宗教文化

1)Father Christmas 圣诞老人

2)father confessor 告解神父；听人吐露真情的人

3)a ghostly father 听忏悔的神父

4)Father of the Church 早期基督教著作家

5)Father of lies 谎言始祖，恶魔撒旦

6)The Father of lights 上帝

7)Holy Father 罗马教皇

2.历史文化

1)Father Abraham 慈父亚伯拉罕(指美国第16任总统亚伯拉罕·林肯)

2)Father of English novel 英国小说之父(指Samuel Richardson, 1689?761;亦指Henry Fielding, 1707?754)

3)Father of English Poetry 英国诗歌之父(指乔叟[Geoffrey Chaucer]）

4)Father of His Country 国父(美国指第一任总统华盛顿[1722?799])

5)Father of History 历史之父（指希罗多德[Herodotus])

6)Father of Waters 百川之父(美国密西西比河的美称）

3.其他

1)natural father生父

2)father right 父权，父亲继承权

3)Father Time时光老人（拟人化的时间，常以一手握着长柄大镰刀，一手举着沙漏长髯的老人表示）

4)father figure 受尊敬的人，长者