第一篇:复旦大学名师翻译讲义汇总15(共)
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之15
Unit 15 I、上次课外练习参考译文:
器官移植医生身手不凡。他们从一人体内取出器官移植到另一人体内,让幸运的器官接受者延长寿命改善生活。可惜的是,每年还有成千上万的人却没有那么幸运,他们等不及找到合适的器官就死去了。器官移植的最大制约是,每延长一个人的生命一定要有另一个人的死亡,而且这个人必须年青健康其器官具有移植价值。这样的器官供体很少,而等待移植的人数却很多,而且越来越多。
解除这种制约是每个器官移植医生的希望。迄今为止,制作人造器官的种种努力结果不尽人意,因为天地间万物很难仿造。于是,人们又对设法利用动物器官产生了兴趣。
印度的医生刚宣布一条消息,他们把猪的心脏移植于人体已经取得成功。看来人们越来越迫切要求增加这种异体器官的移植。欧洲和美国正在专门培育大批的猪经遗传工程处理后用于提供器官。1996年这一课题至少发表了两篇重要报告,一篇在欧洲,一篇在美国。两篇报告一致认为异种器官移植在伦理上是可行的,并审慎地建议应准予施行。美国的食品和药物管理局已经公布了异种器官移植的管理原则草案。
异种器官移植的伦理问题相对来说不用操心。人们为了食用和娱乐已经在杀猪了,看来杀诸为了救人一命怎么说也更容易证明是合情合理的。然而,异种器官移植科学远非如此简单。
II、英汉翻译基本原理第五讲:有哪些常用的翻译技巧?(续)
(二)长句翻译的操作方法:
1、理顺原句内部关系,理出句中包含的各语义点
【例157】 The fact that the average Englishman's home has become his workshop is partly because he is keen on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help.【译文】 普通英国人的家已经成了自家的工场,一方面是因为他热衷于自己动手干,另一方面是因为出于某种原因,他觉得许多家务活必须自己干,而这些活在几年前他会雇专人来干的。
【例158】 I wondered(1)how she would feel(2)if she learned that the Negro(3)before whom she had behaved in such an unladylike manner(4)was habitually a white man(3).【译文】 我心中思衬(1),在一个黑人面前表现得如此有失女士风度(4),倘若得知这个黑人其实是白人时(3),不知她作何感想(2)。
2、将整理出的各语义点按汉语表达习惯重新排列。
【例159】 American schools, both public and private, consist of 12 years of grades(1)--basically 8 years of elementary school and 4 years of secondary or high school(2), although grades 7 and 8, or 7, 8 and 9 may be housed together in a middle school or junior high school(3).【译文】 美国的公立学校和私立学校都是由12个年级组成的(1),基本上是8年小学加4年中学(2),虽然7、8两个年级或7、8、9三个年级有可能都在初级中学里就读(3)。
【例160】 It would take me an entire book to list(1)all of the people I have known in my life who spent the majority of their lives as single people(2), but who were the undisputed focus of a large group of friends(3)--usually serving as problem-solvers, and widely respected and loved(4).【译文】 我毕生认识了许多人,他们一生中大部分时间都是单身(2),但在朋友群中却无可非议地是个核心人物(3)。他们经常帮人解决问题,广受尊敬,广受爱戴(4)。要把这些人的姓名一一列出的话,恐怕要写一本书(1)。
【例161】 Its beginning obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slowdown(1), the new technological unemployment(2)may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 20th century(3).【译文】 新技术出现带来的失业问题(2),尽管起初被全球性经济衰退所引起的失业现象所掩盖(1),但有可能成为20世纪末社会经济的重大难题(3)。
【例162】 He had flown in just the day before from Georgia,(1)where he had spent his vacation(2)basking in the sun(3)after the completion of the construction job(4)he had been engaged in in the South(5).【译文】 他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程(5),任务完成之后(4),他就上佐治亚去度假(2),享受着阳光(3),前天才坐飞机回来(1)。
【例163】 When the “energy crisis” first came in 1973-1974(1), I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area(2)where deer spend the winter(3)in northern Minnesota(2), observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed(4), followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted(5).【译文】 1973-1974年间第一次出现“能源危机”的时候(1),我正和家人住在明尼苏达北部一处鹿群过冬的边缘地带。我们住在一个小屋里(2)(3),观察鹿的生活习性,观察它们如何随着冬季来临从夏秋的活动频繁变得少动的(4),而到春暖雪融时,它们的活动又是如何增加起来的(5)。
3、依照重新排列的语义点顺序用汉语逐点表达
【例164】 Now there is in America a curious combination(1)of pride in having risen to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend on manual labor for a living(2)and genuine delight in what one is able to accomplish with one's own hands(3).【译文】 现在美国有一个奇怪的现象:人们一方面为地位上升不再需要靠体力劳动谋生而感到自豪,另一方面又对能够亲自动手做事而由衷地感到高兴。
【例165】 One of the most heartwarming aspects(1)of people who are born with a facial disfigurement(2), whether minor or major(3), is the number of them(1)who do not allow it to upset their lives(4), even reaching out to help others with the same problem(5).【译文】 有些人生来面部就有残缺(2),残缺有大有小(3),但令人欣慰的是这些人中很多人(1)并没有因此而生活得不愉快(4),相反,他们倒去主动帮助其他有同样问题的人(5)。
【例166】 Students in these state schools, however, as well as those in private colleges, must pay tuition(1), but the state schools are much less expensive than private ones(2), particularly for students who are residents of the state(3).【译文】 但是,这些州立学校的学生以及私立学院的学生都须缴纳学费(1),不过州立学校的学费比私立学校的学费便宜得多(2),对常住本州的学生来说尤为便宜(3)。
【例167】 From the corner of my eye, I saw Phil, pale, slack-jawed, eyes wide with amazement and adoration combined.We listened to Jenny finish the sonnet, which was in its way a kind of prayer.【译文】 我从眼角里瞅见菲尔,他脸色苍白,半张着嘴,眼睛瞪得大大的,又是惊讶又是崇敬。我们听着詹尼念完诗,那简直就是一篇极有特色的祈祷词。
【例168】 They went in to dinner.It was excellent, and the wine was good.Its influence presently had its effect on them.They talked not only without acrimony, but even with friendliness.【译文】 他们走进餐厅去吃饭。美酒加佳肴。喝着酒,吃着菜,气氛顿时起了变化。不仅没有恶言相向,言语间还十分投机。
III、课堂练习(运用各种翻译技巧,将下列句子译成流畅通顺的汉语):
1.I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.2.In a nation too young to have mythic heroes, men and women must substitute.3.If you are retired, if you are a housewife, if you have what others might consider a humble job--whatever it is that you do most of the day--be proud of it.4.Rushing throngs, blinded by the darkness and the smoke, rushed up on a street and down the next, trampling the fallen in a crazy fruitless dash toward safely.5.In order to retain Chinese managers, joint ventures also must devise human resource policies that are sensitive to the ways in which Chinese employees differ from those in the West.6.Engels spoke with the authority and confidence, born of forty years' closest friendship and intellectual intimacy, during which he had grasped, as no other man had, the full significance of Marx's teachings.7.I take heart from the fact that, the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.8.If you're stuck with someone and feeling tongue-tied, console yourself by remembering that the other person may be feeling as agonized as you.Summon up a burst of energy, and find something on which to compliment him or her.IV、课堂练习参考译文:
1.我希望这次会议不要开得太久,那样会浪费时间。
2.这样一个年青的民族不可能有神话中的英雄,于是必然有真实的男女人物来取而代之。
3.你已经退休也好,你是家庭妇女也好,或者你干的工作别人瞧不起也好 - 不管你整天在干什么,都要因此而自豪。
4.人群在黑暗和浓烟中盲目狂奔,穿街过巷,踩着倒在地上的身躯,惊惶失措地往安全的地方冲去,结果却是徒劳。
5.为了留住中国本地管理人员,合资企业还必须制定适应中国雇员与西方雇员之间种种差异的人力资源政策。
6.四十年最亲密的友谊和思想契合赋予了恩格斯说这番话的资格和信心。经过这四十年,他对马克思学说意义的了解比任何人都彻底。
8.敌人吹嘘能在几小时内占领战略要地,由于遭到了顽强的抵抗,甚至连外围地带也没有占领,这让我增强了信心。
9.倘若和别人无言以对面面相觑时,无须烦恼,切记对方或许跟你一样心里感到不好受。你要打起精神来,找些好听的话向对方说说。
V、课外练习(将以下短文译成汉语,注意运用各种翻译技巧时译文流畅通顺):
Watching them hop on the presidential merry-go-round again makes you wonder what makes them run.After all, they didn't have a very merry ride the last time--but the older they get, the harder they try.One explanation is that presidential ambition is an addiction as powerful as sex or booze.Once they have gone through all those howling halls, with their banners and adoring supporters--their pictures on the front page and on the evening TV news--they dream about it in the night.Memory, as time goes on, is a selective thing.Somehow they forget all the agony--the demeaning scramble for money, the vicious charges of their opponents, the unfeeling and often frivolous criticism of the press, and the endless plane and bus rides, the stumbling into bed and wondering how they can get through it all again next day.What they remember is not the final thump of defeat, but the might-have-beens, the fleeting glory and the accidents of politics.Many run for the presidency who shouldn't, and many others don't run who should.What they do or don't do usually depends on events beyond their control.But there are probably other reasons why they run or don't run, one of which is that sometimes they listen to their wives.Even in these days, when divorce is so easy and family ties are supposed to be weak, it would probably be a mistake to underestimate the influence of families on presidential politics.Many qualified and attractive candidates don't come forward simply because they put their private lives ahead of their ambitions, and don't want to put themselves and their families through the savage political process.(285 words)
V、课外练习参考译文:
看着那些人跳上了总统竞选的欢乐转木马,人们不禁又要问:究竟是什么原因促使他们前来竞选的。毕竟前一次骑欢乐转木马骑得并不怎么欢乐--可是他们偏偏年龄越大,想试的劲头也越大。
一种解释是觊觎总统宝座会让人上瘾,且瘾头之大不亚于酒色。那彩旗缤纷、众人追随、呼声雷动的大厅,那报纸头版、晚间电视新闻上的相片--他们一旦领略了这一切,就会夜里梦寐以求。
记忆是有选择的。随着时光流逝,他们的一切苦恼总会忘却--为筹集资金不顾廉耻的你争我夺、竞选对手的恶言相向,报纸上吹毛求疵的无情批评、还有无休无止的飞机汽车来回奔波,到了晚上跌跌撞撞地一头倒在床上,还要担心第二天如何应付所有这一切的重演。
他们记得的不是最后失败的沉重打击,而是那想入非非的憧憬,那瞬间即逝的荣耀,那难以逆料的政治机遇。
许多本来不该前来竞选总统的人偏偏来了,而其他许多本来应该前来的却偏偏没来。他们的为与不为通常取决于他们无法控制的事态。但是,他们参与竞选与否可能还有别的原因,其中一条就是他们有时还得对夫人言听计从。即使在今天,家庭关系通常十分脆弱,离婚已成家常便饭,如果低估家庭在总统政治中的影响也许还是一种错误。许多具有充分资格和魅力的人不来参加竞选,其原因就是他们把个人生活看得重于事业的追求,不愿意让自己和家人卷入狂暴的政治风浪。
第二篇:四级翻译讲义
大学英语四级翻译讲义
英语翻译三步曲 第一:找主干 第二:定时态 第三:加修饰 第一、找主干
什么是句子的主干?――主要成份
第二、定时态
如何确定时态?找信号词 A一般现在时
信号词:现在、是、总是、给
谓语构成: be动词(am/is are)动词原形(do/does)
B 一般过去时
信号词:过去某个具体时间点(从前、早在、在2011年,朝代)
相传,据说
谓语构成:be(was,were)或者 did C.现在完成时
信号词:(副词)到目前为止,已经,自从,在近……以来,早就(助词)了,过,结构: have/ has + done(动词的过去分词)表示完成时的时间状语标志 D.一般将来时
信号词:将来、会、可以…
谓语构成: will(be going to)+do E 现在进行时
信号词:正在、此时此刻、(助词)正……着
谓语构成: be(am/is are)+doing F.情态动词
结构:should/may/can/could/must等+do 信号词:将,可能,也许
时间状语
一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶。(1312四)An emperor found the tea five thousand years ago.在明清期间,茶馆遍布全国。(1312四)
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the tea houses were widespread all over the country.几个世纪以来,西湖一直以其秀美风景而闻名于世。
For centuries, the West Lake has been well-known for its beautiful scenery.地点状语
“中国结”(Chinese Knot)在中文里意味着爱情,婚姻和团聚。(1312四)Chinese Knot means love, marriage and reunion in Chinese.好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡.(1312四)
Good cooks always try to seek balance among grains, meat and vegetables.方式状语
中国应进一步发展核能.(1406四)
China should further develop the nuclear energy.食物对健康至关重要.(1312四)
Food is crucially important to health.阅读对于中小学生尤为重要.(1406四)
Reading is crucially important to primary and middle school students.目的状语
为了,针对,以
用to do 形式
为驱厄运、迎好运,家家户户都会进行大扫除(样题)。To sweep away the ill fortune and bring in good luck,… 针对这一问题,中国政府正开始发起低碳行动。To tackle this problem,….为了促进教育公平,中国已经投入360亿元,用于改善农村地区教育设施。
To promote the equality of education, China …...青奥会于①八月②在南京③隆重开幕。
在汉语中通常排列为“时间→地点→方式→动词”的顺序,在英语中通常排列为“动词→方式→地点→时间”的顺序。
how→where→when
The Youth Olympic Games began ceremoniously in Nanjing in August.我从看到你第一眼就从心底里深深地爱上了你。I love you deeply from the bottom of my heart at the first sight.简单句语序:主+谓+宾+How+Where+When 请试着将下面短语组成一个完整的句子。
Games
played
yesterday
in the room
the children
quietly The children played games quietly in the room yesterday.before lunch
the letter
in his office
quickly he read He read the letter quickly in his office before lunch.the little boy
an apple
this morning
ate
greedily in the kitchen.The little boy ate an apple greedily in the kitchen this morning.第四:加修饰(形容词)的翻译: a、单个形容词翻译
中国结已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。
Chinese Knot has become an elegant and colorful art and craft.b、复合形容词
副词+动词过去分词形式==形容词
“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。
”Would you like tea or coffee?”, that is a frequently-asked question to dinning people.精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。
Well-prepared food is both delicious and good-looking.新版的牛津(Oxford)英语词典 newly-edited Oxford English Dictionary 新公布的计划 newly-announced plan 新建的高楼 recently/newly-built architectures 精心设计的景观 well-designed landscape
(二)、of 结构
茶是中国的瑰宝。(1312四)
Tea is the treasure of China.(of结构)
(1)随着
随着时代的发展with the development of times
随着技术和安全措施的改进with the improvement of technology and security measures
随着电脑和智能手机的迅速发展和普及with the fast development and popularity of computers and smart phones(2)史
中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史。
Chinese paper-cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.北京首都国际机场(Beijing Capital International Airport)已有50多年的历史。
Beijing Capital International Airport has a history of more than 50 years.(3)部分
太极拳是东方文化的重要组成部分。
Taijiquan is an important part of the oriental culture.城镇化已经成为我国社会和经济发展的重要组成部分。
Urbanization has become an important component of social and economic development in China.(4)分数
核电目前只占其总发电量的2% Nuclear power currently only accounts for 2% of the total generating capacity.中国老年人口占据人口总数的三分之一。
Chinese elder people account for one third of the total population.…….之一 句型
主谓+ one of +形容词+范围词+地点
皮影戏是中国最著名民间戏剧形式之一.Shadow play is one of the most famous folk art forms in China.茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一。Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world.(三)、介词短语
a、表拥有
中心词+with短语
有三千年历史的城市
a city with a history of 3,000 years.b、表地点
中心词+from/in/+somewhere 农村和山区的儿童
the children in rural and mountainous areas
c 表方位
中心词+in+sth.工业升级中的结构性障碍(structural obstacle)
the structural obstacle in industrial upgrading d 表目的 中心词+for sth.馈赠外国友人的礼物 the gift for foreign friends
被动句结构
• 一般现在时:be(am is are)+done • 现在进行时: be(am is are)+being + done • 一般过去时:was、were +done • 一般将来时:will be done • 现在完成时:have/has been done • 情态动词:must(can/could等)be done 真题演练
The famous novel is said to
(已经被翻译成多种语言).(2012-6)
We look forward to
(被邀请出席开幕式).一、点型的被字句
(1)信号词
被,由,让,给,遭,受,通过 为…所称,用于(2)判断句
是+动词+的
语言是在实践中形成的。Language has been formed in practice.二、隐形被动句
今天食堂吃饺子。
三、习惯性被动句
我们,人们,大家
被动句的翻译步骤: 第一:定主干(定谓语动词)第二:定时态
第三:加被动
一、点型的被字句
被字句
在中国,烹饪被视为一种技能(1312四)。In China, cooking is regarded as a skill.由字句
家里的大事由男人做主。The important things in family are decided by men.于字句
这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍
These funds are used to improve teaching facilities and purchase books.遭字句
目前,人类的生存环境正在遭到破坏。
Currently, the human’s living environment is being destroyed severely.受字句
中国武侠连续剧(Chinese Wuxia series)在西方受到大众的欢迎。Chinese Wuxia series is welcomed by the audience in the west.称
《本草纲目》堪称中医史上最完整的医书。
Ben Cao Gang Mu is regarded as the most complete Medical book in the history of traditional Chinese medicine.(2):是、、、的
地基是石头砌成的.The foundation is made of stones 真题演练
换句话说,核能是可以安全开发和利用的。
In other words, the nuclear energy can be exploited and utilized safely.中国结(the Chinese knot)最初是手工艺人发明的。(13.12 四)
The Chinese Knot was initially invented by craftsmen.第二:隐形被动句
房间已经打扫干净了。The room has been cleaned.文章总算写完了。The article has finally been finished.第三:习惯性被动句(泛指人称代词,人们,我们开头)人们用它来辟邪。It is used to ward off evil spirits.人们用它来记录事件。It is used to record events.真题演练
1这种形式的手工艺(handcraft)代代相传。This kind of craft has been passed down for generations.2、中国结常常作为礼物交换.The Chinese Knot is often given as a gift for exchange.如何翻译无主句?
第一:加人称代词 第二:译为被动
第三:it is +a.+to do(做某事是……,很难,很容易)第四:there be/appear/exist(有,现在,存在)
第一:加人称代词
开车没有方向盘不行。You can’t turn a car without the wheel.外面下雨了。It’s raining outside.
接到你的情书,非常高兴。
(我)接到你的情书,(我)非常高兴。
I am very glad to have received your love letter.第二:译为被动
食堂今天吃饺子。Dumplings are served in the dining hall today.第三:it is +a.+to do(做某事是……,很难,很容易)很难弄清楚这个习俗的起源。
It is difficult to make clear the origins of the custom.第四、译为存现句型,there be 信号词 有,存在,出现 中西方饮食习惯存在具大差异。
There exist great differences between Chinese and western eating habits.必须保证孩子们的安全。
Children’s safety must be guaranteed.We must guarantee children’s safety.It is essential to guarantee children’s safety.并列句
并列句=简单句+并列连词+简单句 表并列关系 和, 不仅,而且
and, both..and…
as well as , not only...but also..., , neither…nor 表转折关系:但是,然而
but,however, while
表选择关系:或者
or, either…or
成功有一千个理由,失败却只有一个。
――――约翰肯尼迪(John F Kennedy)
Victory has a thousand fathers, but defeat is an orphan.谈恋爱,是跟一个人的优点在谈恋爱,谈结婚,是跟一个人的缺点在过日子。
Dating someone is dating with his or her merits,while marrying someone is marrying his or her demerits.改错题
1 丽江古城位于云南西北部,是纳西族(Naxi ethnic group)聚居(Home to)的地方。
Lijiang ancient city is located in the northwest of Yun Nan province, and home to Naxi ethnic group.许多西方人会选咖啡,而中国人则会选茶。
Many westerners will choose coffee, while the choice of Chinese may be tea.3 茶是中国的瑰宝,也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
Not only is tea an ethnic drinking, but also was an important component of Chinese traditional culture.真题演练
在古代,人们用它来记录事件,但现在主要 用于装饰的目的。
In ancient times, it was used for recording events, while now it is mainly used for a decoration purpose.中餐既美味又健康Chinese food is both delicious and healthy.中国园林是中国文化的标志,已有3000多年的悠久历史。
Chinese garden is a symbol of Chinese Culture and it has a long history of more than 3000 years.定语从句
作用一:帮助我们翻译长定语
作用二:帮助我们翻译难词
翻译定语从句的步聚: 第一:译主干,确定先行词 第二:加关系词 第三:译从句
The prevention and treatment of AIDS is
(我们可以合作的领域)(0806四)
一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。Some students who have been transferred to city schools to receive a better education are now moving back to their local rural schools.其中 among which(事)among whom(人)杭州特产众多,其中以丝绸和茶叶最受欢迎。
Hangzhou owns numerous special local products, among which the silk and the tea is the most popular.历史上涌现了一批杰出的元曲剧作家,其中以关汉卿最负盛名。
There appeared a great number of outstanding playwrights of Yuan opera in history, among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous.翻译难词
瓷器,和丝绸一样,是享誉海外的中国特产。
Chinaware, like silk, is a specialty of China that is very famous overseas.宾语从句
判断:宾语是一个句子
信号词:认为 deem 声称maintain 显示reveal 强调stress 建议advise
结构:主语+谓语+(that)+从句
如果谓语动词是现在时,从句可以用任何时态;
如果谓语动词是过去时,从句要用相应的过去时态。他们强调,人们应当读好书,尤其是经典著作。
They stress that people should read good books, especially classical ones.有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。
Some educational workers have suggested that a National Reading Day be set up since 2003.时间状语从句
引导词:when, until 信号词:时,当….时 【真题链接】
.例子一:(CET4 2006/12)一些心理学家表明人们出门在外时可能会感到孤独。
---Some psychologists claim that people may feel lonely_________________________.例子二:(CET4 2014/06)饮茶在六世纪传到日本,但直到18世纪才传到欧美。(1312四)Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the 6th century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 18th
century.条件状语从句
引导词:if
信号词:如果,假如 主将从现
从句:if+主语+do/does 主句:主语+will +do If you do what you love, money will follow.如果错过了太阳时你流泪,那么你也要错过群星了。
-----泰戈尔
If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you’ll miss the stars.主情从现
如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?---If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 从句:if+主语+do/does 主句:主语+must/can/may等 主祈从现
---If you want to know the value of money, go and try to borrow some.从句:if +主语+do/does 主句:祈使句
否定:don’t do/never do sth.If you can’t say anything nice, don’t say anything at all.If you are ever in trouble, don’t try tobe brave, just run, runaway.【真题链接】
Please come here at ten tomorrow morning if it is convenient for you.(如果你方便的话)
假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣,以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。(1406四)
If they don’t develop the interest of reading during this crucial period, it will be difficult to get into the habit of reading late.第四次课内容:
第一:如果升级and连接的并列句(同位语,分词作状语,非限定性定语从句)第二:三个提分句型 第三:段落翻译注意事项 汉语是一种古老的语言,已有四千多年的历史。
Chinese is an ancient language,and it has a history of more than four thousand years.2 宋徽宗是北宋第八位皇帝,也是宋朝最著名的皇帝之一。
Song Huizong is the eighth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, and he is also one of the most famous emperors in the Song Dynasty.相在同点:第一:前后两句主语一致
第二:第一句是个系表结构 方法:把第一个系表结构变为同位语 升级后的句型为:
汉语是一种古老的语言,已有四千多年的历史。
Chinese, an old language, has a history of more than four thousand years.宋徽宗是北宋第八位皇帝,也是宋朝最著名的皇帝之一。
Song Huizong, the eighth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, is also one of the most famous emperors in the Song Dynasty.课堂练习
剪纸(Paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一,有一千五百多年的历史。
Paper-cutting, one of the most popular traditional folk art forms, has a history of more than 1500 years.在中国,月饼是一种特殊的食品,广受海内 外华人的欢迎。
Moon cakes, a special kind of food in China, are deeply loved by the Chinese both at home and abroad.中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化的一部分,为中国的繁荣做出了很大的贡献。
Traditional Chinese Medicine, a component of Chinese culture, has made great contributions to the prosperity of China.句型升级2 我们坐在高高的谷堆旁边,听妈妈讲那过去的故事。
We sat on the high hillock and listened to the old story.We sat on the high hillock, listening to the old story.相同点
第一:前后两句主语一致
第二:动词与主语是主动关系
第一:保留主动词
第二:次动词用ing形式
课堂练习
近年来,越来越多的女性在政府部门任职,参与国家政务活动。
In recent years, an increasing number of females have taken office in thegovernment, participating in the national political affairs.元代时戏剧曾传到世界上很多国家,迷倒了不少国外戏迷。
Drama was introduced to many countries during the Yuan Dynasty, attracting many foreign audience.句型升级3 我们依偎在妈妈的怀里,听妈妈讲那过去的故事。
We were nestled in the mother’s arm and listened to the old story.如果前后两句主语一致,动词与主语的是一主一被
方法一: Nestled in the mother’s arm, we listened to the old story.方法二: We were nestled in the mother’s arm, listening to the old story.上海自由贸易区(Shanghai Trade Zone)位于上海市的郊区,面积为28.78平方公里。
Located on the outskirts of Shanghai city, Shanghai Trade Zone covers an area of
28.78 square kilometers.Shanghai Trade Zone is located on the outskirts of Shanghai city, covering an area of 28.78 square kilometers.句型升级4 非限定性从句(重复先行词)后一个句子用这,给,使,步聚:第一:翻译主句
第二:逗号后面接which
第三:which+动词+其他成份
中国人每天使用筷子,这在很多外国朋友 眼里似乎是一个奇迹。Chinese people use chopsticks everyday, which seems to be a miracle to many foreigners.这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍,使16万多所中小学获益。(1406四)These funds are used to improve teaching facilities and purchase books, which benefits more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools.2008年北京奥运会开幕式上,一位小姑娘唱起了《歌唱祖国》,给所有观众都留下了深刻的印象。
In the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, a little girl sang the song of Ode to Motherland, which greatly impressed all the audiences.提分句型1:时间段+witness+名词
1949年中华人民共和国成立。
The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the People's Republic of China
提分句型2:So+形容词+be+主语+that+完整句子 青春是如此短暂以至于我们来不及道别。
Our youth is so transient that we have no time to bid farewell.So transient is our youth that we have no time to bid farewell.道别是如此漫长以至于我们用尽余生去遗忘。
The farewell is so long that we have to spend all the rest of our lives to forget.So long is the farewell that we have to spend all the rest of our lives to forget.提分句型3:So+副词+do+主语+谓语+that(如果主语是复数用do,如果主语是单数用does)
他们学习太紧张,几乎没有时间好好品尝生活,干些其他事。
They study so hard that they have no time to enjoy their lives and do anything else.So hard do they study that they hardly have time to enjoy their lives and do anything else.第一:读
(1)第一遍:主干,时态,语态
(2)第二遍:定语,状语
(3)第三遍:合译句子
第二:写
(1)写难词(2)写信号词(3)写长句
第三:查
(1)查时态(2)查单复数
3)查漏译
(
第三篇:六级翻译讲义(14.04.21版) 2
CET-6翻译(卷面分值15%)
“乍看极是繁琐,久之纯熟贯通,纲举目张,有自然省力之处”
——《朱子读书法 虚心咏涵》
E-mail:liugeng@xdf.cn刘赓
微信:tianxiadi1sha
综述:
《关于大学英语四六级考试题型调整的说明》中,对翻译作出如下解释:“原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字;六级长度为180-200个汉字。要求译文准确、通顺、完整。”
翻译评分:
样题:中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日,在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival),即从农历(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异,但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚,一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运,家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets),对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探访亲友等。
参考译文:Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday.In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival.New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar,to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month.Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck.And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good
luck.Other
activities
include
lighting firecrackers,giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.课后建议阅读:
练习:《14天完美攻克四六级新题型之汉译英》张曦 词汇:《英语笔译常用词语应试手册》卢敏 英语语法:《语法新思维》张满胜
汉语语法:王力《中国现代语法》;吕叔湘《语法修辞讲话》
二、词汇的翻译
1、词汇的曲解翻译
●13.06相传,茶是一位中国帝王: A:it is said that B:according to the legend
●13.06 ……用来治病: A:cure the illsick B:cure the patient ●手机刷新了人与人之间的关系: A:refresh
B:change
●颜色、味道、口感和营养: A:taste B:flavor
●精心准备的食物:
A:prepare B:cook、make ●特意给您设宴洗尘:
A:wash the dust B:for welcoming
2、词汇的臃肿翻译
例:“就我个人观点而言,我们必须以一种谨慎的方式来听取和思考每一个提给我们的建议”
A:In my personal opinion,we must listen to and think over in a punctilious way each and every suggestion that is offered to us.B:In my opinion,we must consider every suggestion carefully(1)时态表达
●当前,全世界都在关注我国的改革。A:At presentNowadays,…… B:The whole world is watching…… ●未来经济发展取决于……
A;In the future,the development of economy will depend on…… B:the development of economy will depend on……(2)数的表达
●我们应当采取一系列措施…… A:we should adopt a series of measures B:we should adopt measures ●各种问题
A:a variety of problems B:problems(3)动词重复
●我穿了一件大衣、戴了一个帽子、系了一条围巾。
I wear a coat,a hat and a scarf.●烹饪不仅被视为一种技能,而且也被视为一种艺术
Cooking is seemed not only as a skill,but also as an art.●教育要面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来
The education should be oriented to the modernization,to the world and to the future.●饮茶在六世纪传到日本,但是直到18世纪才传到欧美。
Drinking tea was spread to Japan in 16th century,but to Europe and America in 18th century.(4)提取具体动词
●申请;提出申请
apply;submit an application of ●改变;对……加以改变 change;bring about a change ●改善;对……加以改善 improve;make an improvement of ●到杭州旅游,既令人愉快,又能得到文化享受 obtain the enjoyment of culture;enjoy the culture(5)省略修饰语
●珍贵的财富
(valuable)treasure ●经济发达国家
(economically)developed countries ●建设最后完工后(final)completion of construction ●外国进口汽车
imports of(foreign)cars
(5)范畴词
●艺术形式 the form of art art ●居家环境 the environment of home home ●经济领域 the sphere of the economy economy ●订票业务 the business of booking booking ●合作关系 relationship of cooperation cooperation
三、句子的翻译
1、句子的基本构成
●语序:
●事实与评论的关系:
2、句子翻译的基本步骤
●我进去看了,只记得门警是瑞士兵士,穿着黄色的制服。
●一架飞机从昆明起飞载着我们飞越了崇山峻岭来到了北京。
3、练习
●1998年是联合国确定的国际海洋年,中国政府愿借此机会介绍中国海洋事业发展的情况。
●中国有12亿多人口,陆地自然资源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。
●丝绸之路的历史可以追溯到公元前2世纪,当时一名官员、朝廷的使者张骞沿着这条连接欧亚两大陆的贸易通道出使西域。
●它起源于长安(即今天的西安),一路穿越陕西省等地区,最终抵达地中海东岸。
●因此,战后,英国包括其他西方国家,包括法国、德国、俄国和美国,还有东方的日本,以不同方式欺凌中国.●中国选手在洛杉矶奥运会上,摘得金牌15枚、银牌8枚和铜牌9枚,共32枚奖牌。
●国际奥委会在日本召开会议,宣布恢复中国在国际奥委会的席位。
●北洋军阀政府出动军警,捕去学生三十多人。
●随着中国功夫的发展,产生了中国人的侠义精神。
四、段落的翻译
一、杭州是中国著名的六大古都之一,已有两千多年的历史。这个城市不仅以自然美闻名于世,而且有着传统的文化魅力。不仅有历代文人墨客的题咏,而且有着丰富的美味佳肴。一般来说,游览杭州西湖花上两天时间较为合适。到杭州旅游,既令人愉快,又能得到文化享受。
二、北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境,而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常,胡同内有一个大杂院,房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以,胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今,随着社会和经济飞速发展,很多胡同都被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿可以保留下来。
三、公元前551年,在今天的山东省曲阜诞生了中国古代著名的教育家孔子(Confucius)。孔子的家里很穷,但是他从小就发奋读书,刻苦学习。20多岁的时候,做了个小官。他很有学问,办事认真,工作出色,30岁左右就已经很出名了。孔子到过很多诸侯国家(principalities),想为各国君王效力,但是他们都不接受他的政治主张。于是,孔子改变了心意,决定用自己全部精力来办学,这使他开创了中国教育史上的私人讲学事业。
四、中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收,这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似,过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行,中秋节在农历八月十五,是人们拜月的节日,这天夜晚皓月当空,人们合家团聚,共赏明月。2006年,中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产,2008年又被定为公共假日,月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食,人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。
五、中国园林是经过三千多年演化而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐的大型花园,也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的调和关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林周围有围墙,园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由弯曲的下路和走廊衔接的建筑。散步在花园中,人们可以看到一些列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷一般展示在面前
五、中西方文化差异
1、可是我从头到脚淋成了落汤鸡。
2、长相好看的人用不着浓妆艳抹。
3、解放后,我在我们自己的剧团,中国评剧院工作了。
4、我外祖父固然在风华正茂之年就去世了,当时他只有六十八岁。但是我的祖父、祖母和外祖母都活到了八十岁以上。
第四篇:复旦大学考研翻译专业导师简介之二
复旦大学考研翻译专业导师简介之二
讲师 姓名:强晓
职称:讲师
最高学位:博士
研究方向:典籍英译
学习经历
2001年获外交学院英语外交学士学位
2005年获复旦大学英语语言文学硕士学位,其间赴日本九州大学交流学习
2015年获复旦大学英语语言文学博士学位
工作经历
2005.9月至2007.7月复旦大学外文学院大英部研究生组任教
2007.9月至今复旦大学外文学院翻译系任教
讲授课程
英语多文体阅读,翻译概论,英汉互译,英语写作等
姓名:姜 倩
职称:高级讲师
最高学位:文学博士(翻译方向)
研究方向:翻译理论与实践,科幻小说翻译史
讲授课程
基础英语,中级英语,翻译概论,文学翻译,英汉互译技巧,英语读译,科幻小说阅读与翻译
姓名:冯 超
职称:讲师
最高学位:硕士
个人经历
北京大学英语语言文学系
文学学士
北京大学中国经济研究中心
经济学双学士
北京外国语大学高级翻译学院同声传译方向
外国语言学与应用语言学硕士
姓名:王炎强
职称:讲师
美国蒙特雷国际研究院高级翻译学院访问学者
资深同传译员
学习经历
解放军外国语学院获英语语言文学学士
北京外国语大学高级翻译学院(前联合国译员培训部)获同声传译方向硕士
复旦大学外文学院获翻译学博士
讲授课程
交替口译、同声传译、视译、高级听力、中级英语等课程。
姓名:管玉华
职称:讲师
最高学位:硕士
研究方向:英汉双语交替传译、同声传译、高校本科与研究生阶段
交同传教学模式探索英汉汉英语义结构对比、东西方文
化差异比较、认知语言学、认知心理学等
个人简历
复旦大学外国语言文学系获英美语言文学学士学位
北京外国语大学高级翻译学院(原联合国译训部)获应用语言学(英汉交替同声传译/CI & SI)硕士学位,主攻英汉汉英交替传译与同声传译方向
讲授课程
英汉视译,英汉互译,英汉交替传译,英汉同声传译,英语综合阅读I,II,III
姓名:张晓雪
职称:讲师
最高学位:文学博士
研究方向:翻译理论与实践,英美语言、文学及文化
学习经历
2005年复旦大学获英语语言文学学士学位,其间赴香港大学英语系交流学习
2011年复旦大学获文学博士学位,方向为翻译学研究
讲授课程
基础英语,高级英语,英语写作,英语阅读,英美短篇小说选读,大学英语,商务英语
第五篇:复旦大学翻译硕士2015考研真题
凯程考研辅导班,中国最权威的考研辅导机构
复旦大学翻译硕士2015考研真题
真题是重要的参考复习资料,对于难以找到专业课真题大家要重点搜集整理,认真练习。下面凯程分享复旦大学翻译硕士2015考研真题(英语笔译)。
一、翻译硕士英语基础
这个我除了准备了作文,其他基本裸考,所以就真的当
凯程考研辅导班,中国最权威的考研辅导机构
lives not once but hundreds of times.Not all books are worth being reincarnated into, to be sure-but those that are win Keats's sweet phrase: “a joy forever.”】
2、英译汉=80分。
【关键词:复旦大学+百年华诞+各种成语】
总共是4段,应该没记错。我在网上只找到了两段,摘录自复旦百年校庆很多颂词的一篇中的两段。最后一段大概意思是“值此百年华诞,复旦大学与中国xxxx合作出版了xxx以纪念...”。大概是这样。
这是前两段原文:
【“日月光华,旦复旦兮”。作为中国
凯程考研辅导班,中国最权威的考研辅导机构
23.活字印刷术(2014年考“四大发明”)
24.秦始皇陵兵马俑
25.MTI
(2)应用文写作=40分
以“韩素音青年翻译奖”组委会名义写一则通知,说明参数规则,要求简要逻辑。(好像是这么要求的。)
(3)作文
2014年起,一些省市开始高考改革,包括”英语科目分数减少,语文科目增加分数,文理不分科“等。请对此进行评论,字数800-1000。
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