温家宝在开罗阿拉伯国家联盟总部的演讲(全文)

第一篇：温家宝在开罗阿拉伯国家联盟总部的演讲(全文)

温家宝在开罗阿拉伯国家联盟总部的演讲(全文)

时间:2009年11月08日 09时34分 来源:新华网 作者:温家宝

字号：『 大字体 中字体 小字体 』

11月7日，正在埃及访问的国务院总理温家宝在开罗阿拉伯国家联盟总部发表题为《尊重文明的多样性》的重要演讲。新华社记者 李涛 摄

新华网开罗１１月７日电 国务院总理温家宝７日在开罗访问了阿拉伯国家联盟总部并发表题为《尊重文明的多样性》的重要演讲。演讲全文如下：

尊重文明的多样性

——温家宝总理在开罗阿拉伯国家联盟总部的演讲

（２００９年１１月７日）尊敬的阿姆鲁·穆萨秘书长，尊敬的各位使节，女士们，先生们：

萨拉姆－阿莱控（大家好）！

今天，我很高兴来到开罗阿拉伯国家联盟总部，同各位使节和埃及各界朋友们交流。阿盟是阿拉伯国家团结、联合、自强的象征。首先，请允许我代表中国政府和人民，向阿拉伯国家和人民，致以崇高的敬意和美好的祝愿！

有句阿拉伯谚语：“喝了尼罗河的水，一定会再来”。三年前，我在尼罗河畔的金字塔前，与中埃各界人士共同庆祝两国建交５０周年。今天，我再次踏上这片承载着厚重文明的神奇土地，倍感亲切。

中国同阿拉伯国家之间的友谊，源远流长。近代以来，中国和阿拉伯国家都经历了沧桑巨变，走上了民族复兴的道路。相似的经历和追求发展的共同目标使中国同阿拉伯各国风雨同舟、休戚与共、结下了深厚情谊。中国人民视阿拉伯人民为好朋友、好伙伴、好兄弟，为你们在发展道路上所取得的每一个成就感到由衷的高兴，表示热烈的祝贺！

今天，我演讲的题目是：尊重文明的多样性。

文明具有多样性，就如同自然界物种具有多样性一样。当今世界，有２００多个国家和地区，２５００多个民族，６０００多种语言。正是这些不同民族、不同肤色、不同历史文化背景的人们，共同创造了丰富多彩的世界，就如同有了七音八调的差异，才能演奏出美妙动听的音乐。不同文明之间的对话、交流、融合，汇成了人类文明奔流不息的长河。

伊斯兰文明和中华文明都是人类文明的瑰宝，都对人类社会的进步和发展有着不可磨灭的贡献。

中华文明同伊斯兰文明之间的对话和交流，有着悠久的历史。闻名中外的古丝绸之路，就是生动有力的见证。两千多年前，通过丝绸古道传入中国的胡桃、胡椒、胡萝卜等，早已成为中国人喜爱的食物。阿拉伯鼎盛时期的文学经典《一千零一夜》，在中国家喻户晓。伊斯兰风格的音乐、舞蹈和服饰、建筑，在中国深受欢迎。同样，中国古代文化和技术，也传到了阿拉伯国家。中国的瓷器、丝绸、茶叶、造纸术，就是通过阿拉伯国家传入欧洲的。六百年前，中国穆斯林航海家郑和七下西洋，多次到达阿拉伯地区，成为传播友谊和知识的使者。中国与阿拉伯世界的交流不断扩大和加深，不仅有力促进了双方的文化繁荣和经济发展，还推动了东西方文明的交流。

文明存在差异，但没有优劣之分。各种文明都包含有人类发展进步所积淀的共同理念、共同追求。在中华文明中，早就有“和为贵”、“和而不同”、“己所不欲，勿施于人”等伟大思想。伊斯兰文明也蕴含着崇尚和平、倡导宽容的理念。《古兰经》就有一百多处讲到和平。在多样中求同一，在差异中求和谐，在交流中求发展，是人类社会应有的文明观。

谈到尊重文明的多样性，必须看到各个民族、各种宗教都是多样性文明的重要载体。中国是一个多民族、多宗教的国家。我们有５６个民族，本土的道教与相继传入的佛教、伊斯兰教、天主教、基督教等长期和谐共处。中国政府的基本政策是，坚定不移地坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，切实保障各民族一律平等，加快少数民族和民族地区经济社会发展；坚定不移地坚持宗教信仰自由政策，发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用。

在中国，信仰伊斯兰教的有１０个民族，２０００多万人口。他们都是中华民族大家庭的重要成员，他们的宗教信仰、文化传统和生活习俗受到了充分尊重。目前在中国城乡，有３５０００多座清真寺。在中国任何的一个城市，都可以找到清真餐厅。像上海这样国际化的大都市，专门为保障清真食品的供应立了法。在民间生活中，不管工厂、学校和机关，只要有穆斯林，就开清真灶；连朋友聚会，只要其中有一位是穆斯林，大家都自觉用清真餐。中国政府制定了一系列政策，扶持少数民族和民族地区的经济、文化和社会发展。信仰伊斯兰教的民族，同其他各个民族和睦相处，共同推动了国家发展和社会进步。

女士们，先生们：

新中国成立以来，中阿始终相互同情，相互支持。上世纪五十年代，一批阿拉伯国家排除种种干扰，毅然同中华人民共和国建立外交关系。七十年代，在阿拉伯国家和其他友好的发展中国家大力支持和不懈努力下，新中国恢复了在联合国的合法席位。对阿拉伯国家争取民族合法权利的正义事业和谋求发展的愿望，中国政府和人民感同身受，给予了政治和道义上的有力支持，提供了力所能及的帮助。许多中国工程技术人员为支援阿拉伯国家的建设献出了宝贵的生命，长眠在这块土地上。

２１世纪，是经济全球化的世纪，也是多样文明大放光彩的世纪。拥有１３亿人口的中国同拥有数亿人口的阿拉伯世界，都肩负着让古老文明焕发青春的神圣使命。回眸近二百多年来的历史，中国和阿拉伯国家被耽误的历史机遇太多太多了。我们有一百个理由、一千个理由振奋起来，加强合作、加快发展，追上时代前进的步伐，而没有任何一个理由可以心存疑虑、踌躇不前。任何对国家、对民族负责任的政治家，任何有抱负、有作为的企业家和社会各界人士，都应该清醒地看到自己肩负的历史责任。让我们携起手来。把中国同阿拉伯各国的友好合作推向新阶段！

中国要同阿拉伯国家巩固政治互信、加强战略合作。当今世界正在经历大变革大调整大发展，国际政治经济格局正在发生深刻的变化，包括阿拉伯国家在内的发展中国家地位和影响力不断提高。在这种新的历史条件下，中国同阿拉伯国家巩固政治互信，加强战略合作，这是我们双方的根本利益之所在。“中阿合作论坛”的创立和发展，为双方加强集体对话与协作开辟了广阔前景。中阿要做和平稳定的维护者，坚持通过对话和协商解决国际争端和地区冲突。反对一切形式的恐怖主义、分裂主义和极端主义，反对把恐怖主义与特定的民族和宗教混为一谈。共同营造安全、安宁的国际环境。中国愿同阿方加强合作，携手应对气候变化、能源、非传统安全威胁等全球性挑战，推动实现千年发展目标。中阿双方在重大国际和地区事务上要继续相互支持、相互配合，共同维护广大发展中国家的利益，致力于建立公正、合理的国际新秩序。

中国将继续推动中东和平进程。中东应该有一个和平美好的未来。二战以来，中东战火不断，生灵涂炭，百姓流离失所。严酷的事实表明，冤冤相报只能加深仇恨，铸剑为犁才能迎来和平。“阿拉伯和平倡议”向全世界表明了阿拉伯国家和平解决中东问题的真诚意愿和战略选择，中方对此高度赞赏。以对话代替对抗，以理解促进和解，停止流血冲突，是解决中东问题的根本途径。我们期盼中东早日结束纷争和战乱，恢复和平与安宁。中国愿与阿拉伯国家和其他有关各方加强沟通，发挥建设性作用，推动中东问题早日得到全面、公正、持久的解决，实现中东地区的和平、安全和稳定。

中国积极发展同阿拉伯各国的经贸合作。上世纪八十年代以来特别是近几年来，中阿双方互惠互利的经贸关系发展迅速。中国同阿拉伯国家的贸易额从２００４年的３６７亿美元攀升至２００８年的１３２８亿美元，是当年的３．６倍。截至２００８年底，双方工程承包合同累计接近１０００亿美元。发展中阿经贸合作，空间广阔，潜力巨大。特别是当前面对国际金融危机的严重冲击，中阿要采取更加切实有效的措施，扩大双方在经贸、能源、投资、金融、旅游和人力资源培训等领域的务实合作。中国政府鼓励有实力的企业到阿拉伯国家投资兴业。中国政府和中国企业将更加注重促进伙伴国自身经济实力的增强，更加注重促进当地的就业、资源的综合利用和环境的保护。中国将一如既往地向欠发达国家提供人道主义援助，帮助改善民生，消除贫困，增强自我发展能力。

中国愿同阿拉伯各国加强文化交流与合作。阿拉伯地区是人类古老文明的交汇之地，绚烂的文学艺术，美妙的音乐舞蹈，独特的饮食服饰，精湛的手工技艺，构成了多彩多姿的文化图景。中国政府鼓励发展同阿拉伯国家之间的教育、文化、旅游和其他方面的交流。中国政府鼓励更多的青年学生到阿拉伯国家留学，也欢迎阿拉伯青年学子到中国学习、访问。文化的沟通，有利于双方加深对彼此历史和现状的了解，增进感情，夯实中阿友好的社会基础。

半个多世纪来，阿拉伯国家联盟一直致力于加强成员国之间的密切合作，维护阿拉伯国家的独立与主权。我们希望看到，阿盟在当代国际社会尤其在促进中东的和平与发展方面发挥更大的作用。

女士们，先生们：

在座的朋友们可能很关心中国的情况。新中国成立６０年来，特别是改革开放３０年来，中国经济发展和社会进步有目共睹。同时，我们也清醒地认识到，中国仍然是发展中国家。中国的经济总量块头不小，但人均水平还很低。这次全球金融危机，对中国的影响和冲击也是很大的。经过努力，我们全年有可能保持８％的增长速度。但是，全面复苏的基础还不够牢固。毋庸讳言，中国在现代化进程中还面临着许许多多亟待解决的困难和问题。这就需要推进改革开放、经济建设和社会进步。这就需要兼顾改革、发展和稳定。我们始终把维护国家统一、民族团结和社会稳定，放在十分重要的位置上，否则一切无从谈起。我想，这个道理对世界各国都是一样的。

我这次埃及之行，是推进文明对话之旅，也是发展友好合作之旅。中国同埃及的友好合作，是尊重文明多样性的典范，也是发展中国家关系和南南合作的典范。我们永远不会忘记，在阿拉伯世界和非洲，埃及是第一个同新中国建交的国家，也是第一个同中国建立战略合作关系的国家。中埃两国一直保持着十分友好的关系，各领域合作不断推进，在维护和平、促进发展等全局性、战略性问题上相互协调、坚定支持。中埃战略合作已取得丰硕成果，为两国人民带来了实实在在的福祉。中国将继续支持埃及在地区和国际事务中发挥更大的作用。

中华民族是一个重友谊、讲感情、恪守承诺的民族。中国同阿拉伯世界，过去是朋友，今天是朋友，将来还是朋友！不管国际风云如何变幻，中国人民永远是阿拉伯各国人民值得信赖的好兄弟！让我们共同为建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而努力！

谢谢大家！

舒克兰！（谢谢）

第二篇：奥巴马开罗演讲

奥巴马开罗演讲

I am honored to be in the timeless city of Cairo, and to be hosted by two remarkable institutions.For over a thousand years, Al-Azhar has stood as a beacon of Islamic learning, and for over a century, Cairo University has been a source of Egypt's advancement.Together, you represent the harmony between tradition and progress.I am grateful for your hospitality, and the hospitality of the people of Egypt.I am also proud to carry with me the goodwill of the American people, and a greeting of peace from Muslim communities in my country: assalaamu alaykum.非常感谢你们。下午好。我荣幸地来到永恒的开罗古城，荣幸地受到两所著名学府的邀请。爱资哈尔(Al-Azhar)一千多年来一直是一座伊斯兰学术的灯塔，开罗大学(Cairo University)一 百多年来一直是埃及发展的源泉。你们并肩而立，象征着传统与进步的和谐共进。我对你们 的盛情邀请，对埃及人民的盛情邀请表示感谢。我也自豪地带来美国人民的友好情谊，带来 我国穆斯林民众的平安问候：

“Assalaamu alaykum.”（“愿你平安。”）

We meet at a time of tension between the United States and Muslims around the worldprinciples of justice and progress;tolerance and the dignity of all human beings.我来到这里是要在美国和穆斯林世界之间寻求一种以共同利益和相互尊重为基点的新开端 ──基于美国和伊斯兰教并不相互排斥、不必相互竞争的真情。不仅如此，它们相互重合，拥有一些共同原则──公正与进步的原则；容忍与全人类都有尊严的原则。

I do so recognizing that change cannot happen overnight.No single speech can eradicate years of mistrust, nor can I answer in the time that I have all the complex questions that brought us to this point.But I am convinced that in order to move forward, we must say openly the things we hold in our hearts, and that too often are said only behind closed doors.There must be a sustained effort to listen to each other;to learn from each other;to respect one another;and to seek common ground.As the Holy Koran tells us, “Be conscious of God and speak always the truth.” That is what I will try to doat places like Al-Azhar UniversityThomas Jeffersonthat includes nearly seven million American Muslims in our country today who enjoy incomes and education that are higher than average.对一个名叫巴拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马的非洲裔美国人能够当选美国总统这一点已经议论繁多。但我的个人经历并不是那么独特。虽然人人都有机会的这个理想还没有在美国每一个人身上 实现，但对于登陆我国的所有人来说，这个希望是存在的──其中包括属于我国今天 80 多 个族裔群体的近700 万美国穆斯林。实际上，美国穆斯林的收入及教育水平超过了我国的平均线。

Moreover, freedom in America is indivisible from the freedom to practice one's religion.That is why there is a mosque in every state of our union, and over 1,200 mosques within our borders.That is why the U.S.government has gone to court to protect the right of women and girls to wear the hijab, and to punish those who would deny it.而且，美国的自由与信奉宗教的自由密不可分。这就是为什么清真寺遍及我们合众国的每个 州，在我们境内有着 1200 多座清真寺。这就是为什么美国政府为保护妇女和女童戴头巾的 权利和为了惩罚那些想剥夺这项权利的人而诉诸司法手段。

So let there be no doubt: Islam is a part of America.And I believe that America holds within her the truth that regardless of race, religion, or station in life, all of us share common aspirationsand never will bemore than any other, they have killed Muslims.Their actions are irreconcilable with the rights of human beings, the progress of nations, and with Islam.The Holy Koran teaches that whoever kills an innocent, it is as if he has killed all mankind;and whoever saves a person, it is as if he has saved all mankind.The enduring faith of over a billion people is so much bigger than the narrow hatred of a few.Islam is not part of the problem in combating violent extremismand to leave Iraq to Iraqis.I have made it clear to the Iraqi people that we pursue no bases, and no claim on their territory or resources.Iraq's sovereignty is its own.That is why I ordered the removal of our combat brigades by next August.That is why we will honor our agreement with Iraq's democratically-elected government to remove combat troops from Iraqi cities by July, and to remove all our troops from Iraq by 2012.We will help Iraq train its Security Forces and develop its economy.But we will support a secure and united Iraq as a partner, and never as a patron.今天，美国承担着双重责任：帮助伊拉克人打造更美好的未来，同时要将伊拉克交给伊拉克 人。我明确地向伊拉克人民表

示，我们不寻求基地，对领土或资源没有要求。伊拉克的主权 属于伊拉克自己。正是出于这个原因，我已下令在明年 8 月前撤出我们的作战部队。也正是 出于这个原因，我们将履行与伊拉克民选政府达成的协议，在 7 月前从伊拉克城市撤出作战部队，在 2012 年年底前将所有的部队撤出伊拉克。我们将帮助伊拉克训练安全部队和发展经济。但我们是以伙伴的身份，而绝不是以保护人的身份支持伊拉克的安全与统一。

And finally, just as America can never tolerate violence by extremists, we must never alter our principles.9/11 was an enormous trauma to our country.The fear and anger that it provoked was understandable, but in some cases, it led us to act contrary to our ideals.We are taking concrete actions to change course.I have unequivocally prohibited the use of torture by the United States, and I have ordered the prison at Guantanamo Bay closed by early next year.最后，美国绝不能容忍极端主义分子的暴力，同样我们也绝不能改变或忘记我们的原则。9.11 事件给我国造成了巨大的创伤。这一事件引起的忧惧和愤怒是可以理解的，但在某些情况下，这一事件也使我们采取了与我们的传统和理想相悖的行动。我们正在采取具体行动改变路线。我明确禁止美国使用酷刑，我已下令明年初关闭关塔纳摩湾监狱。

So America will defend itself respectful of the sovereignty of nations and the rule of law.And we will do so in partnership with Muslim communities which are also threatened.The sooner the extremists are isolated and unwelcome in Muslim communities, the sooner we will all be safer.因此，美国将进行自卫，同时尊重其他国家的主权和法治。我们在这样做的时候，将与同样 受到威胁的穆斯林社区结成伙伴。早一天使极端主义分子在穆斯林社区受到孤立和丧失人心，我们就能早一天获得更大的安全。

The second major source of tension that we need to discuss is the situation between Israelis、Palestinians and the Arab world.我将讨论的紧张关系的第二大根源是以色列人、巴勒斯坦人和阿拉伯世界之间的局势。

America's strong bonds with Israel are well known.This bond is unbreakable.It is based upon cultural and historical ties, and the recognition that the aspiration for a Jewish homeland is rooted in a tragic history that cannot be denied.美国与以色列之间的牢固关系众所周知。这种关系坚不可摧。它基于文化和历史的纽带以及这样一个认识：对犹太家园的渴望有着一个悲哀的历史源头，这个历史是无可否认的。

Around the world, the Jewish people were persecuted for centuries, and anti-Semitism in Europe culminated in an unprecedented Holocaust.Tomorrow, I will visit Buchenwald, which was part of a network of camps where Jews were enslaved, tortured, shot and gassed to death by the Third Reich.Six million Jews were killedor repeating vile stereotypes about JewsMuslims and Christianslarge and smallfor Palestinians to point to the displacement brought by Israel's founding, and for Israelis to point to the constant hostility and attacks throughout its history from within its borders as well as beyond.But if we see this conflict only from one side or the other, then we will be blind to the truth: the only resolution is for the aspirations of both sides to be met through two states, where Israelis and Palestinians each live in peace and security.几十年来，一直存在着一种僵持局面：有着合理追求的两族人民，因各自的痛苦历史而使妥 协可望不可及。相互指责并不难——巴勒斯坦人指责由以色列建国而造成的流离失所，以色 列人指责贯穿其全部历史的来自境内外的敌意和袭击。然而，如果我们仅仅从一方或另一方来看待这一冲突，我们将无视事实：实现双方愿望的惟一出路是以色列人和巴勒斯坦人和平

安全共存的两国解决方案。

That is in Israel's interest, Palestine's interest, America's interest, and the world's interest.That is why I intend to personally pursue this outcome with all the patience that the task requires.The obligations that the parties have agreed to under the Road Map are clear.For peace to come, it is time for themto live up to our responsibilities.这符合以色列的利益，符合巴勒斯坦的利益，符合美国的利益，符合世界的利益。因此我将 亲自致力于取得这一结果。各方根据“路线图”已同意承担的义务是明确的。为了实现和平，现在是他们──以及我们各方──应该履行自己职责的时候了。

Palestinians must abandon violence.Resistance through violence and killing is wrong and does not succeed.For centuries, black people in America suffered the lash of the whip as slaves and the humiliation of segregation.But it was not violence that won full and equal rights.It was a peaceful and determined insistence upon the ideals at the center of America's founding.This same story can be told by people from South Africa to South Asia;from Eastern Europe to Indonesia.It's a story with a simple truth: that violence is a dead end.It is a sign of neither courage nor power to shoot rockets at sleeping children, or to blow up old women on a bus.That is not how moral authority is claimed;that is how it is surrendered.巴勒斯坦人必须放弃暴力。暴力抵抗和屠杀不能达到目的。在几个世纪里，美国黑人奴隶遭鞭打，受种族隔离的凌辱。然而，最终导致获得全面平等权利的不是暴力，而是对美国建国核心理想的和平与执著的坚持。同样的经历也可在从南非到南亚，从东欧到印度尼西亚的其 他国家人民的历史中看到。这个经历揭示了一个简单的真理：暴力是死路一条。向睡梦中的以色列儿童发射火箭炮或炸死公共汽车上的老妪，既非胆识也非力量的表现。它不是在申明道义权威，而是在丧失道义权威。

Now is the time for Palestinians to focus on what they can build.The Palestinian Authority must develop its capacity to govern, with institutions that serve the needs of its people.Hamas does have support among some Palestinians, but they also have responsibilities.To play a role in fulfilling Palestinian aspirations, and to unify the Palestinian people, Hamas must put an end to violence, recognize past agreements, and recognize Israel's right to exist.现在是巴勒斯坦人致力于如何进行建设的时候了。巴勒斯坦权力机构必须发展治理能力，建 立为人民的需求服务的机制。“哈马斯”确实在一些巴勒斯坦人中拥有支持，但他们也有责 任。要为实现巴勒斯坦的抱负而发挥作用，“哈马斯”就必须停止过去的暴力，遵守过去的协议，承认以色列的生存权。

At the same time, Israelis must acknowledge that just as Israel's right to exist cannot be denied, neither can Palestine's.The United States does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements.This construction violates previous agreements and undermines efforts to achieve peace.It is time for these settlements to stop.与此同时，以色列人必须意识到，正如以色列的生存权不能被剥夺一样，巴勒斯坦的生存权也不能被剥夺。美国不接受以色列继续建造定居点的合法性。这一做法违反了过去的协议，有损实现和平的努力。现在是停止这些定居点的时候了。

Israel must also live up to its obligations to ensure that Palestinians can live, and work, and develop their society.And just as it devastates Palestinian families, the continuing humanitarian crisis in Gaza does not serve Israel's security;neither

does the continuing lack of opportunity in the West Bank.Progress in the daily lives of the Palestinian people must be part of a road to peace, and Israel must take concrete steps to enable such progress.以色列也必须履行其义务，确保巴勒斯坦人能够生活、工作、建设其社会。正如摧毁巴勒斯坦人的家庭一样，加沙持续的人道危机无益于以色列的安全，西岸缺乏机会也同样如此。巴勒斯坦人民日常生活的改善必须是通向和平之路的一个关键部分。

Finally, the Arab States must recognize that the Arab Peace Initiative was an important beginning, but not the end of their responsibilities.The Arab-Israeli conflict should no longer be used to distract the people of Arab nations from other problems.Instead, it must be a cause for action to help the Palestinian people develop the institutions that will sustain their state;to recognize Israel's legitimacy;and to choose progress over a self-defeating focus on the past.最后，阿拉伯国家必须认识到，阿拉伯和平倡议（Arab Peace Initiative）是一个重要的开端，而不是责任的终止。阿-以冲突决不应再被用来转移阿拉伯国家人民对其他问题的视线。相反，它应成为一个行动的号召，帮助巴勒斯坦人民发展维系国家的机制；承认以色列的合法性；选择进步，而不是自我消耗地向后看。

America will align our policies with those who pursue peace, and say in public what we say in private to Israelis and Palestinians and Arabs.We cannot impose peace.But privately, many Muslims recognize that Israel will not go away.Likewise, many Israelis recognize the need for a Palestinian state.It is time for us to act on what everyone knows to be true.美国将使我们的政策与追求和平者的政策协调一致。无论在公开场合还是非公开场合，我们将对以色列人、巴勒斯坦人和阿拉伯人说同样的话。我们不能把和平强加于人。但是，在非公开场合，许多穆斯林承认以色列不会消失。同样，许多以色列人也承认建立巴勒斯坦国的 必要性。时不我待，我们必须基于人所共知的事实行动起来。

Too many tears have flowed.Too much blood has been shed.All of us have a responsibility to work for the day when the mothers of Israelis and Palestinians can see their children grow up without fear;when the Holy Land of three great faiths is the place of peace that God intended it to be;when Jerusalem is a secure and lasting home for Jews and Christians and Muslims, and a place for all of the children of Abraham to mingle peacefully together as in the story of Israel, when Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed(peace be upon them)joined in prayer.眼泪已流得太久；鲜血已洒得太多。我们大家都有责任为这样一天的到来而奋斗，那就是： 以色列和巴勒斯坦的母亲能够看到自己的孩子毫无恐惧地长大，三大信仰的圣地(Holy Land)成为天意属望的和平之地，耶路撒冷是犹太人、基督徒和穆斯林的安全和永久的家园，并像伊斯拉(ISRA)故事中摩西、耶稣和穆罕默德(颂安)共同祈祷那样，成为亚伯拉罕所有子孙和平相处的地方。

The third source of tension is our shared interest in the rights and responsibilities of nations on nuclear weapons.第三个造成紧张关系的原因涉及国家在核武器问题上的权利和责任，对此，我们必须达成共识。

This issue has been a source of tension between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran.For many years, Iran has defined itself in part by its opposition to my country, and there is indeed a tumultuous history between us.In the middle of the Cold War, the United States played a role in the overthrow of a democratically-elected Iranian government.Since the Islamic Revolution, Iran has played a role in acts of hostage-taking and violence against U.S.troops and civilians.This history is well known.Rather than remain trapped in the past, I have made it clear to Iran's leaders and people that my country is prepared to move forward.The question, now, is not what Iran is against, but rather what future it wants to build.这个问题是美国与伊朗伊斯兰共和国之间关系紧张的一个根源。多年来，伊朗在某种程度上 用它与我的国家的对立来给其自身定位。伊朗与美国之间确实有着坎坷的历史。在冷战期间，美国对伊朗的民选政府被推翻起了作用。自伊斯兰革命以来，伊朗在劫持人质和对美军及平民发动的暴力事件中扮演了角色。这一历史众所周知。我没有选择自陷于过去，我已经向伊朗领导人和伊朗人民表明，我国已做好向前迈步的准备。对于伊朗而言，现在的问题不在于反对什么，而在于它希望建设什么样的未来。

It will be hard to overcome decades of mistrust, but we will proceed with courage, rectitude and resolve.There will be many issues to discuss between our two countries, and we are willing to move forward without preconditions on the basis of mutual respect.But it is clear to all concerned that when it comes to nuclear weapons, we have reached a decisive point.This is not simply about America's interests.It is about preventing a nuclear arms race in the Middle East that could lead this region and the world down a hugely dangerous path.消除数十年的不信任决非易事，但是我们有勇气、有正气、有决心向前迈进。我们两国之间 有许多问题有待商讨，我们愿意在没有先决条件的情况下基于相互尊重向前迈进。但是，有关各方都很清楚，在核武器方面我们已经处在一个决定性关头。它所关系到的不单纯是美国的利益，而是为了阻止一场可能会使中东地区和全世界走上一条极其危险的道路的核武器竞赛。

I understand those who protest that some countries have weapons that others do not.No single nation should pick and choose which nations hold nuclear weapons.That is why I strongly reaffirmed America's commitment to seek a world in which no nations hold nuclear weapons.And any nationshould have the right to access peaceful nuclear power if it complies with its responsibilities under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.That commitment is at the core of the Treaty, and it must be kept for all who fully abide by it.And I am hopeful that all countries in the region can share in this goal.我理解有些人针对一些国家拥有核武器而其他国家没有核武器而提出的抗议。任何一个国家 都不应挑选哪些国家可以拥有核武器。因此，我坚决重申，美国承诺争取建立一个任何国家 都不拥有核武器的世界。任何一个国家——包括伊朗——如果它履行对《不扩散核武器条约》(Non-Proliferation Treaty)承担的责任，就应当有权获取用于和平目的的核能源。这一承诺是这项条约的核心，应为条约各方全面遵守。我希望这个地区的所有国家都支持这一目标。

The fourth issue that I will address is democracy.我要讲的第四个题目是民主。

I know there has been controversy about the promotion of democracy in recent years, and much of this controversy is connected to the war in Iraq.So let me be clear: no system of government can or should be imposed upon one nation by any other.我知道，近几年来在推进民主方面存在争议，而且许多争议与伊拉克战争有关。所以，我要明确表示：没有任何一种政府体制能够或应该被一个国家强加给另一个国家。

That does not lessen my commitment, however, to governments that reflect the will of the people.Each nation gives life to this principle in its own way, grounded in the traditions of its own people.America does not presume to know what is best for everyone, just as we would not presume to pick the outcome of a peaceful election.But I do have an unyielding belief that all people yearn for certain things: the ability to speak your mind and have a say in how you are governed;confidence in the rule of law and the equal administration of justice;government that is transparent and doesn't steal from the people;the freedom to live as you choose.Those are not just American ideas, they are human rights, and that is why we will support them everywhere.但是，我并不因此而减少我对代表人民意愿的政府的承诺。每个国家以植根于本国人民传统 的各自方式给这一原则赋予生命力。美国并不自认知道什么是对所有人最为有益的做法，正如我们不会主观选择和平选举的结果一样。但是我确实坚信，某些东西是所有人都渴望的：能够畅所欲言并对自己被管理的方式有发言权；对法治和司法公正有信心；政府施政透明，不盗窃人民财富；以及有自由按自己选择的方式生活等。这些不是美国人的发明，这些是人的权利，因此美国在各地都支持这些权利。

There is no straight line to realize this promise.But this much is clear: governments that protect these rights are ultimately more stable, successful and secure.Suppressing ideas never succeeds in making them go away.America respects the right of all peaceful and law-abiding voices to be heard around the world, even if we disagree with them.And we will welcome all elected, peaceful governmentswhether it is for Marinates in Lebanon or the Copts in Egypt.And fault lines must be closed among Muslims as well, as the divisions between Sunni and Shia have led to tragic violence, particularly in Iraq.在某些穆斯林中，有一种令人不安的倾向：通过排斥他人的信仰来显示对自己的信仰之忠诚。丰富的宗教多样性必须得到维护──无论是黎巴嫩的马龙派教徒(Marinates)还是埃及的科 普特教会成员(Copts)。另外，如果我们能够诚实地对待这个问题，穆斯林内部的裂隙也必须弥合，因为逊尼派和什叶派的分歧在某些地方已导致悲惨的暴力，特别是在伊拉克。

Freedom of religion is central to the ability of peoples to live together.We must always examine the ways in which we protect it.For instance, in the United States, rules on charitable giving have made it harder for Muslims to fulfill their religious obligation.That is why I am committed to working with American Muslims to ensure that they can fulfill zakat.宗教自由对各族人民能否和睦相处至关重要。我们必须经常认真地考虑我们保护宗教自由的方式。例如，在美国，有关慈善捐款的规定加大了穆斯林履行宗教捐助义务的难度。为此，我承诺与美国穆斯林共同努力，以确保他们能够施行天课（zakat）。

Likewise, it is important for Western countries to avoid impeding Muslim citizens from practicing religion as they see fitwhether it is combating malaria in Africa, or providing relief after a natural disaster.的确，信仰应有助于我们休戚与共。因此，我们正在美国制订一些新的服务计划，使基督徒、穆斯林和犹太人共同参与。因此，我们欢迎阿卜杜拉国王倡导的宗教间对话和土耳其在文明联盟(Alliance of Civilizations)中发挥的领导作用。在全世界各地，我们可以使宗教间对话发展成宗教间服务，通过各种连接各族人民的桥梁促使我们采取行动推进共同的人道精神──不论是在非洲抗击疟疾, 还是在自然灾害后提供救援。

The sixth issue that I want to address is women's rights.我要谈的第六个问题是妇女的权利。

I know there is debate about this issue.I reject the view of some in the West that a woman who chooses to cover her hair is somehow less equal, but I do believe that a woman who is denied an education is denied equality.And it is no coincidence that countries where women are well-educated are far more likely to be prosperous.我知道在这个问题上存在着争论，在座的各位就是例证。西方某些人认为一位妇女选择遮盖自己的头发即说明不那么平等，我反对这种看法。但我确实认为剥夺妇女的教育权利就是剥夺了妇女的平等权利。妇女受到良好教育的国家有极大的可能实现繁荣，这种情况决非偶然。

Now let me be clear: issues of women's equality are by no means simply an issue for Islam.In Turkey, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indonesia, we have seen Muslim-majority countries elect a woman to lead.Meanwhile, the struggle for women's equality continues in many aspects of American life, and in countries around the world.我希望明确表示：妇女的平等权利绝不仅仅是伊斯兰教的问题。在土耳其、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和印度尼西亚，我们看到这些穆斯林人口占多数的国家选举了妇女领导人。与此同时，在美国社会生活的许多方面以及在世界上其他国家，争取妇女平等的斗争仍在持续。

Our daughters can contribute just as much to society as our sons, and our common prosperity will be advanced by allowing all humanityto reach their full potential.I do not believe that women must make the same choices as men in order to be equal, and I respect those women who choose to live their lives in traditional roles.But it should be their choice.That is why the United States will partner with any Muslim-majority country to support expanded literacy for girls, and to help young women pursue employment through micro-financing that helps people live their dreams.我深信，我们的女儿们也能像我们的儿子们一样为社会作出很大贡献。让全人类—包括男人 和女人—充分发挥其潜力将促进我们的共同繁荣。我并不认为，妇女为了获得平等必须作出与男人相同的选择，我尊重在生活中选择承担传统角色的妇女。但是，这应当是她们自己的选择。因此，美国愿意与任何一个以穆斯林为主体的国家进行合作，支持提高女童识字率，并通过小型信贷帮助年轻妇女创业，实现自己的梦想。

Finally, I want to discuss economic development and opportunity.我要谈的最后一个问题是经济发展和经济机会。

I know that for many, the face of globalization is contradictory.The Internet and television can bring knowledge and information, but also offensive sexuality and mindless violence.Trade can bring new wealth and opportunities, but also huge disruptions and changing communities.In all nationsthis change can bring fear.Fear that because of modernity we will lose of control over our economic choices, our politics, and most importantly our identitiesa world where extremists no longer threaten our people, and American troops have come home;a world where Israelis and Palestinians are each secure in a state of their own, and nuclear energy is used for peaceful purposes;a world where governments serve their citizens, and the rights of all God's children are respected.Those are mutual interests.That is the world we seek.But we can only achieve it together.我所谈到的这些问题并不能轻易解决。然而，我们有责任携手努力建设一个我们所追求的世界——一个极端主义分子不再威胁我们的人民、美国军队返回家园的世界；一个巴勒斯坦人和以色列人在各自国家中和平安全、核能仅用于和平目的世界；一个政府服务于人民、上天所有子民的权利都得到尊重的世界。这些是共同的利益。这是我们所追求的世界，但我们只有携手共进才能如愿以偿。

I know there are manywho question whether we can forge this new beginning.Some are eager to stoke the flames of division, and to stand in the way of progress.Some suggest that it isn't worth the effortyou, more than anyone, have the ability to remake this world.我知道有很多人──穆斯林和非穆斯林──怀疑我们是否能创造这个新的开端。有些人急于煽风点火制造隔阂，成为前进路上的绊脚石。有些人认为不值得付出这样的努力──他们说我们注定要有分歧，文明的冲突在劫难逃。还有很多人只是对变化是否真能发生疑虑重重。有太多的恐惧感，太多的不信任。但我们若甘于被过去束缚，就永远无法前进。我特别要对各国各个信仰的年轻人说——你们，比任何人都有能力重建这个世界。

All of us share this world for but a brief moment in time.The question is whether we spend that time focused on what pushes us apart, or whether we commit ourselves to an effortto find common ground, to focus on the future we seek for our children, and to respect the dignity of all human beings.我们所有人都不过是这个世界的匆匆过客。问题在于，我们是把这段时间花在导致我们分裂的东西上，还是全心致力于一种努力──一种持久努力──以寻求共同之处，以我们争取为子孙后代创造的未来为重，并尊重全人类的尊严。

It is easier to start wars than to end them.It is easier to blame others than to look inward;to see what is different about someone than to find the things we share.But we should choose the right path, not just the easy path.There is also one rule that lies at the heart of every religiona belief that isn't new;that isn't black or white or brown;that isn't Christian, or Muslim or Jew.It's a belief that pulsed in the cradle of civilization, and that still beats in the heart of billions.It's a faith in other people, and it's what brought me here today.结束战争比发动战争要难。看到与别人的共同之处比看到不同之处要难。我们应该选择正确的道路，而不只是容易的道路。而这正是信仰给我们指明的方向。所有宗教都有同一个核心原则──已所不欲，勿施于人。这条真理超越国家与民族──这一信念不是新出现的；不是黑色的、白色的或棕色的；也不代表基督教、伊斯兰教或犹太教。这种信仰孕育于文明的摇

篮，至今跳动在亿万民众的心间。它是对他人的信任，它是促使我今天来到这里的原因。

We have the power to make the world we seek, but only if we have the courage to make a new beginning, keeping in mind what has been written.我们有能力把世界变成我们所希望的那样，但前提是我们必须勇于开创新的开端，同时谨记经文的训导。

The Holy Koran tells us, “O mankind!We have created you male and a female;and we have made you into nations and tribes so that you may know one another.”

《古兰经》告诉我们：“人类！我们创造了你男人和一个女人；我们让你们成为国家和部落以便彼此相识。”

The Talmud tells us: “The whole of the Torah is for the purpose of promoting peace.” 《塔木德经》(Talmud)告诉我们：“全部《托拉》(Torah)都是为倡导和平。”

The Holy Bible tells us, “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.” 《圣经》（Holy Bible）告诉我们：“使人和睦的人有福了，因为他们必称为神的儿子。”

第三篇：温家宝在清华大学的演讲

温家宝在清华大学的演讲（全文）

老师们，同学们：

今天我来清华看望同学们！上次我来清华的时候，同学们向我提出，说中国领导人出访时经常在国外的大学里演讲，能不能在国内的大学也作些演讲，并邀请我来清华作一次演讲。今天，我是来兑现承诺的。

走进清华园，看到同学们一张张朝气蓬勃的笑脸，心里非常高兴。清华是一块教育和学术圣地。清华园人杰地灵。一百年来，从这里走出了许多中华民族的精英，可谓人才荟萃，桃李满天下。“水木清华”，“婉兮清扬”。我年轻的时候读朱自清先生的《荷塘月色》，文中描绘的宁静恬淡的意境，至今记忆犹新。清华大学已经有100年的历史。100年，对于一个人来说已为期颐高寿，但对于一所大学来说，却正值盛年，或者说还是青年。我祝愿清华大学永远年轻！

真正有见识的“君子”当知天时、任时命，顺应“天道”自然规律，以“天”的“自强不息”的精神，推动客观事物的运动和发展。

站在这里，我首先想起曾担任过清华教授的梁启超先生。1914年11月梁先生第一次来清华作演讲，题目是《君子》。他引《易经大传》中“天行健，君子以自强不息”、“地势坤，君子以厚德载物”的话，勉励学子们树立“完整人格”。我以为，他这次演讲，对清华优良校风的形成产生了深远影响。这以后，“自强不息，厚德载物”八个字就成了清华的校训。

在中国传统文化中，“自强不息”、“厚德载物”的思想，有着十分重要的地位。“自强不息”的品行，是古代先人的智慧和境界，它深深地融入每一个有血有肉的中国人的身心意识中，使其刚健而不屈，独立而不倚。“天行健，君子以自强不息”，就是说作为客观事物的发展，以其“刚健”的品格，自行运动着，真正有见识的“君子”当知天时、任时命，顺应“天道”自然规律，以“天”的“自强不息”的精神，推动客观事物的运动和发展，从而达到“天人合一”的境界。

“厚德载物”就是要像大地那样广博宽厚，容纳万物。这是我国古代人生修养的积极方面。孔子就说过：“宽则待众”，要“成人之美，不成人之恶”，“不念旧恶，怨则用希”。孟子主张“君子莫乎已，与人为善”，“利人者即为，不利乎即止。”厚德，就是要加强道德修养。清华老校歌中说：“器识为先，文艺其从”，意思是说上学受教育，首先学习的是“气度”和“胆识”，学文学艺是第二位的。这里的胆识和气度其实就是泛指做人的问题，文艺其实就是为学的问题，为人与为学相比，不能不占首位。

哲学家张岱年先生认为，中华精神集中表现于两个命题：“天行健，君子以自强不息”、“地势坤，君子以厚德载物”。一个是奋斗精神，一个是兼容精神。这两种精神，在铸造中华民族的民族精神上起了决定性的作用。中华民族五千年历史，内忧外患，历经磨难，仍得以繁荣昌盛，靠的就是自强不息的精神与厚德载物的品德。

清华大学历经百年沧桑，与祖国同甘苦、共患难。在老一代清华人的身上，充满理想主义的情怀，他们不仅有着卓越的才智，而且满怀对祖国的忠诚和对事业的坚韧，表现出为国家和民族义无反顾的献身精神。清华一位老校长说过：“我们的清华大学，我们清华大学中的每一个成员，不是离开国家、离开人民孤立地存在的。我们学校的命运，我们学校中每一个人的命运，是和我们伟大祖国的命运密切地联系着的。”抗日战争时期，清华南迁西南边陲，敌机狂轰滥炸，物质条件极端恶劣，但没有改变师生勤于治学、弦歌不辍的斗志，一大批学子就是在这种条件下成才的，一大批老师也是在这里创造一流业绩的。在新中国建设事业中，清华人第一次践履“我愿以身许国”的忠诚誓言，隐姓埋名从事“两弹一星”研究工作。有的虽然留学海外，但在获得学位后不到10天就返身回国参加建设。改革开放以来，清华师生踊跃投身祖国的现代化建设事业，喊出了“从我做起，从现在做起”的时代强音，取得高温气冷堆等一大批先进科研教学成果，以实际行动诠释着“我的事业在中国”的豪迈誓言和爱国情怀。长期以来，清华人在真理面前不苟且，不低头，“不降其志、不辱其身”；在困难面前逆势而上、敢于担当。今天在座的各位青年朋友，是国家的未来、民族的希望，承担着将来建设国家的重任。怎样建设好我们的国家，也是每一个人都要思考的问题。借此机会，在这里谈谈我的一些思考。

我们不但要坚定不移地推进经济体制改革，而且要坚定不移地推进政治体制改革。

大家都知道，我们的国家有着五千年的文明史，但是这五千年是在艰难曲折中一步一步走过来的。从有文字记载的殷商时代开始，经历过几十个朝代的更替，几十次分分合合。远的不说，就近一个半世纪以来，从鸦片战争开始，中国沦为半殖民地。距离我们这里不到一里之遥的圆明园遗址，就是祖**亲身上一道永远难以愈合的伤痕，是中华民族积贫积弱的历史见证。虽然历经磨难，但我们的民族没有倒，国家没有散，愈挫愈奋，“野火烧不尽，春风吹又生”，就是因为我们有着“自强不息，厚德载物”的伟大民族精神。新中国的建立，彻底结束了帝国主义、殖民主义势力奴役中国各族人民的历史，实现了国家的统一，使中华民族一洗百年来所蒙受的奇耻大辱而自立于世界民族之林，从此，中国人民站立起来，当家作主，真正成为国家的主人，我们的社会主义现代化建设取得巨大成就。但是，建设社会主义现代化国家的道路不是一帆风顺的。我们走过“大跃进”、“人民公社”的弯路，犯过“文化大革命”这样的错误。我们搞了多年社会主义，并没有真正弄清什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义的问题。我们对社会主义的认识也是在实践中不断深化的。直到党的十一届三中全会，我们确立了解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，深刻总结历史经验和教训，作出了改革开放的历史抉择，开辟了中国特色社会主义的道路。

我们从事的社会主义现代化建设是在探索中前进的。社会主义制度从不成熟到成熟，是一个长期的历史过程，必须从我国的实际出发，坚持改革和实践，走符合国情的道路，使社会主义得以巩固和发展。

当前，我国正处于社会主义初级阶段。除了生产力仍不发达外，还存在社会发展与经济发展不协调、上层建筑的许多方面与经济基础不适应的问题。在经济快速发展中又出现一些如收入差距扩大、司法不公、贪污腐败和环境污染等人民群众反映强烈的新问题。要彻底改变中国的面貌，真正把我国建设成为富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家，还有很长的路要走。我们不但要坚定不移地推进经济体制改革，进一步解放社会生产力，继续发展经济、改善民生；而且要坚定不移地推进政治体制改革，发展社会主义民主法治，促进社会公平正义，实现人的自由平等。

人民是国家一切权力的源泉，领导者应该恭敬人民，相信人民的判断能力和选择能力，从而依靠人民。

民主法治、公平正义和自由平等，是人类共同追求的理想和目标。在不同国家、不同民族、不同历史发展阶段，其内涵、形式、途径都不尽相同。改革开放三十多年的实践，为实现民主法治、公平正义、自由平等进行了深入的探索，积累了丰富的经验，奠定了一定基础。必须继续前进，而不能倒退。这关系到国家的未来和希望，也关系到民族的前途和命运。

人民民主是社会主义的生命。没有民主就没有社会主义。民主是人类文明进步的成果，是时代的潮流和社会发展的必然趋势，是社会主义现代化事业成功的根本保障。要发展更加广泛、更加充分的人民民主，保障人民依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督。民主是对权力的监督和制约。任何政府如果不加以监督，任何权力如果不加以制约，都会蜕变和腐化，绝对的权力产生绝对的腐败。我们之所以发展民主、健全法制，就是要把党内民主和国家政治生活的民主加以制度化、法律化，保障宪法赋予人民的各项民主权利，建立有效制约权力并创造条件让人民监督的制度。人民是国家一切权力的源泉，领导者应该恭敬人民，相信人民的判断能力和选择能力，从而依靠人民。

维护国家法制的统一、尊严、权威，坚持司法独立和公正，是依法执政、依法治国的根本要求。

我们党从革命到执政，所处的地位和环境以及所肩负的任务都发生了重大变化，党的职能和领导方法就要相应地转变，以适应新形势、新任务的要求。历史的经验告诉我们，坚持依法执政、依法治国、建设法治国家，是党领导人民建设社会主义的基本原则。宪法和法律是神圣的、至高无上的，具有任何人必须严格遵守的不可侵犯的力量，是执政和治国的基石。维护国家法制的统一、尊严、权威，坚持司法独立和公正，是依法执政、依法治国的根本要求。

公平正义是社会主义制度的首要价值。如果一个社会的经济发展成果，不能真正为大众所分享，那么它在道义上是不得人心的，而且势必威胁社会稳定。

公平正义是社会主义制度的首要价值。如果一个社会的经济发展成果，不能真正为大众所分享，那么它在道义上是不得人心的，而且势必威胁社会稳定。必须毫不动摇地改善民生，改革分配制度，缩小贫富差距，使广大人民共享改革和发展的成果。还要看到，我们追求的目标不仅是经济的发展，而且是人的自由平等和全面发展，是整个社会的进步。要满足人们日益增长的物质、文化和精神需求，保障每个公民的自由平等和发展权利，让每个人生活得有乐趣、有尊严、有安全感。面对社会的许多矛盾和问题，只要我们坚持经济和社会协调发展，维护社会公平正义，并通过不懈的努力而取得明显成效，大家对国家的未来就会充满信心。我希望，在我们的社会，有对人心、人道和人本身的尊重，每个人都有其尊严、选择和发展机会，确保人与人之间的平等，提倡人间的同情和关爱，让公平正义的阳光普照社会的每个角落，让人间永远充满青春、奋斗和自由的气息。这是公平正义的真正内涵之所在。

自由不是空洞的概念，而是言论、信仰等基本权利的实现。人类的进步就是在各种不同的思想的争鸣中萌发的。

自由平等是对每个人人格和权利的尊重。人生而平等，每个人在尊严和权利方面都是平等的，享有与生俱来的不可剥夺的生命、健康、自由和财产权利。自由是人全面发展的前提，也是人类进行创造的基础和源泉。自由不是空洞的概念，而是言论、信仰等基本权利的实现。人类的进步就是在各种不同的思想的争鸣中萌发的。中国要有一个真正光明的未来，必须发挥全体人民群众的积极性，特别要鼓励人民的创造精神，提倡独立思想和批判思维。社会活力和凝聚力来自社会成员的主动性和创造性，来自社会文化的“个性化”，来自崇尚理性、尊重科学的精神，来自国民教育的普及。要创造更加平等宽松的政治环境和更加自由的学术氛围，让人民追求真理、探索自然的奥秘、社会的法则和人生的真谛。

在我们这样一个人口众多的国家进行各方面的改革，实现民主法治、公平正义、自由平等，并非是一件轻而易举的事，必须在党的领导下有秩序地逐步推进，走出一条适合国情的民主道路。我们相信，只要全党和全国人民不懈地奋斗，一个繁荣富强民主和谐的社会主义现代化国家，就一定会屹立在世界的东方！

我已年届七十，即将退休了。我永远也不会离开祖国和人民。

今天和大家谈谈心，我感到很高兴。我们从清华的校训、清华的精神，谈到我们中华民族的文化、中华民族的精神；从我们国家的历史，谈到中华民族的现在和未来。其实，个人的命运是和国家民族的命运紧密相连的。在我的一生中，经历过许多真实的苦难，这些苦难使我懂得了我们这个民族所经历的灾难太深重了。我是一个爱国主义者，我爱我的祖国，我的每一个细胞、每一滴血液都浸透着对我们民族的爱，都流淌着对伟大祖国的深情。我的一切都是祖国和人民给予的，即使将来我化为灰烬也属于祖国。在我的成长过程中，深受无数为救国救民和民族独立解放所献身的志士仁人的影响。孩提时代，母亲给我讲爱国英雄人物的故事，告诉我作为一个中国人，应该热爱我们的国家、热爱我们的人民，我一边听，一边流泪，立志长大后要报效祖国，献身人民。祖国和人民培养了我，给了我服务国家的机会，我也为祖国献出自己的全部心血和精力。今天，我已年届七十，即将退休了。我将回到母亲身边，回到群众中去，我永远也不会离开我的祖国和人民。

清华大学建立以来，为共和国培养了一代又一代优秀的专家学者，他们以渊博的学识、聪慧的才智和严谨理性的气质，诠释着一代大师“独立之精神，自由之思想”的箴言，上续民族惠民，下行“内圣外王”之道，成为中华民族的脊梁。他们不计名利，忧道不忧贫，始终保持高尚的境界和爱国的热忱，在艰苦的环境中洗净铅华，彰显本色，传承了中华民族的优秀品质。今天我们要培养和重塑民族的道德理性，就必须汲取传统文化的精神营养，倡导心存敬畏、行已知耻、诚实守信的社会道德观，对社会要有奉献精神，对他人要有责任感，对弱者要有同情心，养成情操高尚的人格。这不仅是对社会的责任，对他人的尊重，更是人的自信与庄严。我相信，新一代清华人一定会牢记“自强不息，厚德载物”的校训，大力弘扬清华精神，努力学习，勤奋成才，将来为祖国的现代化建设作出更大的贡献，谱写清华大学更加辉煌的篇章！

第四篇：温家宝在巴基斯坦议会的演讲

温家宝在巴基斯坦议会的演讲(全文)2010-12-20 07:09:00 来源: 中国新闻网(北京)跟贴 2 条手机看新闻

中新网12月20日电据外交部网站消息，12月19日，国务院总理温家宝在巴基斯坦议会发表了题为《风雨同舟共创未来》的重要演讲。演讲全文如下：

风雨同舟共创未来——在巴基斯坦议会的演讲

中华人民共和国总理温家宝

(2010年12月19日)

尊敬的吉拉尼总理，尊敬的奈克主席，尊敬的米尔扎议长，女士们，先生们： 萨莱姆，阿来贡，帕伊！(兄弟们好！)应邀在巴基斯坦议会这个庄严的殿堂发表演讲，我深感荣幸。首先，我代表中国政府和13亿中国人民，向兄弟的巴基斯坦人民致以最亲切的问候和最美好的祝愿！向长期以来致力于中巴友好的各界朋友表示衷心感谢和崇高敬意！

5年前，我曾经访问贵国，受到巴基斯坦人民热烈隆重的欢迎。岁月如梭，真情不变。这次我依然有宾至如归的感觉。此时此刻，我最想说的是，中巴永远是兄弟！

中巴友谊根深叶茂，生机勃勃。中巴关系坚如磐石，历久弥新。这归功于两国老一辈领导人的远见卓识，得益于两国人民的辛勤培育。在新中国突破外部封锁、恢复在联合国的合法席位、实现中美关系正常化等关键时刻，巴基斯坦都提供了宝贵帮助。在台湾、涉藏、涉疆等重大问题上，中国始终得到巴基斯坦的鼎力支持。2008年，中国四川汶川发生特大地震，巴基斯坦拿出全部储备帐篷，第一时间向中方提供紧急援助。半个多世纪以来，中国始终坚定支持巴基斯坦捍卫独立、主权和领土完整的努力，真诚无私地帮助巴基斯坦实现经济和社会发展，许多中国援巴人员献出了生命。今年，在巴基斯坦遭受特大洪灾的危难时刻，中国救援队员克服常人无法想象的困难，将生活急需品迅速送到灾区。巴基斯坦军民不顾自身安危，全力营救在巴工作的268名中国工人，这些感人的事迹已经广为流传。可以说，中巴友好深深扎根在两国人民心中，融入了我们的血脉，成为一种崇高而坚定的信念，已转化为实实在在的行动。

女士们，先生们：

巴基斯坦山河壮美，资源丰富，文化底蕴深厚。这片古老而神奇的土地孕育了灿烂的文明。巴基斯坦人民善良淳朴、勤劳勇敢，有着坚忍不拔、自强不息的精神。你们有理由为自己的国家和民族感到骄傲和自豪。建国60多年来，巴基斯坦政府和人民克服重重困难，主要依靠自己的力量，在建设国家和发展经济的道路上取得了显著成就。近年来，面对错综复杂的外部环境和各种严峻挑战，巴基斯坦坚持独立自主的外交政策，坚决捍卫国家主权、独立和领土完整；反对外来干涉，积极发展同周边国家平等、合作、稳定的关系；致力于维护国内民族团结、政治和谐和社会稳定，保持了经济平稳增长，人民生活得到改善。你们以坚强的意志、独特的智慧、艰辛的努力赢得了尊严，实现了发展。

当前，巴基斯坦正处于一个关键时期，面临不少困难和挑战。巴基斯坦政府和人民没有退却。齐心协力，积极应对，创造各种有利条件，全力维护国家安全、稳定和发展，得到国际社会的广泛同情、理解和支持。英雄的巴基斯坦人民过去没有、现在也不可能被压垮，一定能够渡过难关，迎来希望，实现新的发展。我对此深信不疑。中国政府和人民将坚定地与你们站在一起，同舟共济，共克时艰！

女士们，先生们：

巩固和发展中巴全天候战略合作伙伴关系，是我们共同的战略选择，符合两国和两国人民的根本利益，有利于促进本地区乃至世界和平、稳定与发展。中巴关系一定会更加牢固、更加紧密、更加有力。

我们即将迎来两国建交60周年。双方要以此为契机，弘扬传统友谊，推进各领域务实合作，不断丰富中巴战略合作伙伴关系内涵，取得更加丰硕的成果。

我们要保持两国领导人密切交往的传统，在涉及彼此重大利益的问题上加强沟通和协调，坚定地相互支持和帮助。巴基斯坦处在国际反恐斗争的前沿，付出了巨大牺牲，作出了重要贡献。这是有目共睹的事实。国际社会要给予充分肯定和大力支持，切实尊重巴基斯坦自主选择的发展道路。反恐斗争不能与特定的宗教和民族挂钩，不能搞双重标准，应该标本兼治，致力于消除产生恐怖主义的根源。中方的态度和立场是明确的、坚定的，愿意同巴基斯坦和国际社会一道，加强协调配合，作出不懈努力。

我们要深化各领域务实合作。中方将积极参与巴基斯坦灾后重建，认真履行各项承诺。中方支持巴方通过加强国际贸易和投资合作，实现自主发展的努力，愿意推进双方在能源、交通、基础设施等领域的合作。我访问期间，中国贸易投资促进团同巴方企业签署了总额达100亿美元的商业协议。这说明，中巴经贸合作潜力很大，前景广阔。中方欢迎巴方充分利用双边自贸协定的优惠措施，扩大对中国的出口。中国工商银行已获准分别在伊斯兰堡和卡拉奇开设分行。中方同意与巴基斯坦开展货币互换。中巴加强金融合作，将为两国经贸关系深入持续发展提供有力支撑。

我们要扩大人文领域的交流。明年是“中巴友好年”，双方将举办一系列交流活动。中方决定在今后3年内，向巴方提供500个政府奖学金名额。昨天，我和吉拉尼总理一起为巴中友谊中心落成剪彩，并宣布启动“中巴友好光明行”活动。中方将在2年内为1000名巴基斯坦白内障患者进行免费复明手术。明年100名巴基斯坦高中生将应邀来中国参加汉语桥夏令营。欢迎更多巴基斯坦青年来中国访问和学习。双方已连续5年开展百名青年互访活动，中方支持这项活动继续举办下去。

我们要密切在地区和国际事务中的协调配合。巴基斯坦是南亚大国，在伊斯兰世界有着重要影响。中方愿与巴方一道，推动区域合作，促进不同文明之间的对话，维护文化多样性。中巴在联合国改革、实现千年发展目标、应对气候变化、保障粮食与能源安全等重大国际问题上有着共同利益和广泛共识，双方要合作应对挑战，推动世界的和谐与可持续发展。

女士们，先生们：

在即将结束南亚之行的时刻，我更加深切地感到，和平、发展、合作是人心所向，大势所趋。正如巴基斯坦谚语所说，好邻居是福。中国人也讲，远亲不如近邻。我衷心希望，我们的人民能够安居乐业，我们的地区能够永享和平与繁荣，我们的世界能够更加和谐美好！

岁寒知松柏，路遥识马力！中巴是全天候的战略伙伴，是休戚与共的好兄弟。两国并肩走过了艰辛而辉煌的历程，让我们坚定信心，风雨同舟，携手开创中巴关系的美好未来。

秦巴多斯蒂，金达巴！(中巴友谊万岁！)谢谢大家！

第五篇：温家宝总理在剑桥大学的演讲

温家宝总理在剑桥大学的演讲

用发展的眼光看中国

See China in the Light of Her Development

━━在剑桥大学的演讲

Speech at the University of Cambridge

中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝 2009年2月2日

Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 2 February 2009

尊敬的理查德校长，女士们，先生们：

Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen，来到向往已久的剑桥大学，非常高兴。剑桥举世闻名，培养出牛顿、达尔文、培根等 许多杰出的科学家、思想家，为人类文明进步作出了重要贡献。今年是剑桥建校800周年，我谨致以热烈祝贺！

It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.这是我第四次访问英国。中英相距遥远，但两国人民的友好交往不断增多。香港问题的圆满解决，经贸、文教、科技等领域的有效合作，为发展中英全面战略伙伴关系奠定了坚实基础。在此，我向长期致力于中英友好的朋友们表示崇高的敬意！

This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.今天，我演讲的题目是：用发展的眼光看中国。

The title of my speech today is See China in the Light of Her Development.我深深爱着的祖国——古老而又年轻。[/B][/B]

My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.说她古老，她是一个有着数千年文明史的东方大国。中华民族以自己的勤劳和智慧，创造了灿烂的古代文明，对人类发展作出过重大贡献。

She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.说她年轻，新中国成立才60年，改革开放才30年。中国人民经过长期不懈的斗争建立了新中国，又经过艰苦的探索，终于找到了适合国情的发展道路——中国特色社会主义道路，文明古国焕发了青春活力。

She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.中国改革开放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有长远意义的是体制创新。我们推进经济体制改革，建立了社会主义市场经济体制。在政府的宏观调控下，充分发挥市场对资源配置的基础性作用。我们深化政治体制改革，把发展民主和完善法制结合起来，实行人民当家作主，依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家。

The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.改革开放的实质，就是坚持以人为本，通过解放和发展生产力满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求，在公正的条件下促进人的全面发展；就是保障人民的民主权利，让国家政通人和、兴旺发达；就是维护人的尊严和自由，让每个人的智慧和力量得以迸发，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。

The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.30年来，中国贫困人口减少了2亿多，人均寿命提高了5岁，8300万残疾人得到政府和社会的特殊关爱，这是中国保障人权的光辉业绩。九年免费义务教育的推行，农村合作医疗制度的建立，社会保障体系的完善，使学有所教、病有所医、老有所养的理想，正在变为现实。

Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.我愿借用两句唐诗形容中国的现状：“潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。”中国人正在努力实现现代化，这是一个古而又新的发展中大国进行的一场伟大实践。掌握了自己命运的中国人民，对未来充满信心！

I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.我深深爱着的祖国——历经磨难而又自强不息。[/B][/B]

My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.我年轻时曾长期工作在中国的西北地区。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生长着一种稀有的树种，叫胡杨。它扎根地下50多米，抗干旱、斗风沙、耐盐碱，生命力极其顽强。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人称为英雄树。我非常喜欢胡杨，它是中华民族坚韧不拔精神的象征。

Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the hero tree, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.千百年来，中华民族一次次战胜了天灾人祸，渡过了急流险滩，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的灾难，铸就了她百折不挠、自强不息的品格。中华民族的历史证明了一个真理：一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。

Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.www.xiexiebang.com

此时此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震灾区的亲身经历。去年5月，四川汶川发生震惊世界的特大地震，北川中学被夷为平地，孩子伤亡惨重。可是，时隔10天，当我第二次来到这里时，乡亲们已在废墟上搭起了板房教室，校园里又回荡着孩子们朗朗的读书声。当时我在黑板上，给同学们写下了“多难兴邦”几个字。地震发生以来，我7次到汶川灾区，碰到这样感人的事迹不胜枚举。我为我们中华民族这种愈挫愈奋的精神深深感动。这种伟大的精神，正是我们的民族饱经忧患而愈益坚强、生生不息的力量源泉。

I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning A country will emerge stronger from adversities.I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.经过半个多世纪的艰苦奋斗，中国有了比较大的发展，经济总量跃居世界前列，但我们仍然是一个发展中国家，同发达国家相比还有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，这种基本国情还没有从根本上得到改变。中国的人均GDP水平，排在世界100位之后，仅为英国的1/16左右。到过中国旅游的朋友，你们所看到的城市是现代的，而我们的农村还比较落后。

With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.到本世纪中叶，中国要基本实现现代化，面临三大历史任务：既要努力实现欧洲早已完成的工业化，又要追赶新科技革命的浪潮；既要不断提高经济发展水平，又要实现社会公平正义；既要实现国内的可持续发展，又要承担相应的国际责任。中国要赶上发达国家水平，还有很长很长的路要走，还会遇到许多艰难险阻。但是，任何困难都阻挡不住中国人民前进的步伐，只要我们坚持不懈地努力奋斗，中国现代化的目标就一定能够实现。

To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.我深深爱着的祖国——珍视传统而又开放兼容。[/B][/B]

My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.中华传统文化底蕴深厚、博大精深。“和”在中国古代历史上被奉为最高价值，是中华文化的精髓。中国古老的经典——《尚书》就提出“百姓昭明，协和万邦”的理想，主张人民和睦相处，国家友好往来。

The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.“和为贵”的文化传统，哺育了中华民族宽广博大的胸怀。我们的民族，既能像大地承载万物一样，宽厚包容；又能像苍天刚健运行一样，彰显正义。

The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.15世纪，中国着名航海家郑和七下西洋，到过三十几个国家。他带去了中国的茶叶、丝绸、瓷器，还帮助沿途有的国家剿灭海盗，真正做到了播仁爱于友邦。

In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.国强必霸，不适合中国。称霸，既有悖于我们的文化传统，也违背中国人民意志。中国的发展不损害任何人，也不威胁任何人。中国要做和平的大国、学习的大国、合作的大国，致力于建设一个和谐的世界。

The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.不同国家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互学习。今天的中国，有3亿人在学英语，有100多万青年人在国外留学。我们的电视、广播、出版等新闻传媒，天天都在介绍世界各地的文化艺术。正因为我们善于在交流中学习，在借鉴中收获，才有今天中国的繁荣和进步。

Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.进入21世纪，经济全球化、信息网络化，已经把世界连成一体，文化的发展将不再是各自封闭的，而是在相互影响中多元共存。一个国家、一个民族对人类文化贡献的大小，越来越取决于她吸收外来文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中国将永远坚持开放兼容的方针，既珍视传统，又博采众长，用文明的方式、和谐的方式实现经济繁荣和社会进步。

In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.女士们，先生们！

Ladies and Gentlemen，我之所以强调用发展的眼光看中国，就是因为世界在变，中国也在变。如今的中国，早已不是一百年前封闭落后的旧中国，也不是30年前贫穷僵化的中国。经过改革开放，中国的面貌已焕然一新。北京奥运会向世界展示的，就是这样一个古老、多彩和现代的中国。我希望朋友们，多到中国走一走、看一看，了解今天的中国人究竟在想什么、做什么、关心什么。这样，有助于你们认识一个真实的、不断发展变化着的中国，也有助于你们了解中国是如何应对当前这场全球性金融危机的。

I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.在这场前所未有的世界金融危机中，中国和包括英国在内的欧洲都受到严重冲击。现在危机尚未见底，由此可能带来的各种严重后果还难以预料。合作应对、共渡难关，是我们的首要任务。

This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.我认为，应对全球性危机，需要增进合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中国政府主张：第一，要首先办好各国自己的事情，不把麻烦推给别人；第二，要精诚合作，不搞以邻为壑；第三，要标本兼治，不能头疼医头、脚疼医脚。我在达沃斯会议上已重申，应该对国际货币金融体系进行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融新秩序，努力营造有利于全球经济发展的制度环境。

I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.www.xiexiebang.com

这里我想谈一谈中国是如何应对这场金融危机的。

Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.金融危机对中国实体经济的影响日益显现。从去年第三季度以来，出口大幅下滑，经济增速放缓，就业压力加大。中国经济面临着严峻的局面。面对危机，我们果断决策，及时调整宏观经济政策取向，迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定了一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。主要包括以下几个方面：

The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are:

一是大规模增加政府支出扩大内需。中国政府推出了以财政支出带动社会投资，总额达4万亿元的两年计划，规模相当于2007年中国GDP的16%。主要投向保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、铁路交通等基础设施、社会事业、生态环保建设和地震灾后恢复重建。中国政府还推出了大规模的减税计划，一年可减轻企业和居民负担约5000亿元。我们还大幅度降息和增加银行体系流动性，出台了一系列金融措施。

First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.二是大范围实施产业调金融危机整振兴计划。我们全面推进产业结构调整和优化升级，制定汽车、钢铁等十个重点产业的调整和振兴规划。我们采取经济和技术的措施，大力推进节能减排，推进企业兼并重组，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。我们鼓励和支持企业广泛应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，开发适销对路产品。

Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.三是大力推进科技进步和创新。科技是克服金融危机的根本力量。每一场大的危机常常伴随一场新的科技革命；每一次经济的复苏，都离不开技术创新。我们加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划，特别是核心电子器件、核能开发利用、高档数控机床等16个重大专项，突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，为中国经济在更高水平上实现可持续发展提供科技支撑。推动发展高新技术产业群，培育新的经济增长点。我们就是要依靠科学技术的重大突破，创造新的社会需求，催生新一轮的经济繁荣。

Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.四是大幅度提高社会保障水平。继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准，提高城乡低保、农村五保等保障水平。积极推进医药卫生体制改革，力争用三年时间基本建成覆盖全国城乡的基本医疗卫生制度，初步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。我们坚持优先发展教育，正在制定《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》。我们实施更加积极的就业政策，重点解决高校毕业生和农民工就业问题。开辟就业岗位，缓解就业压力。我们采取这些措施，把扩大国内需求、调整振兴产业、加强科技支撑、强化社会保障结合起来，把拉动经济增长和改善民生、增加就业结合起来，把克服当前困难和促进长远发展结合起来。这样做，有利于中国的发展，也将给包括英国在内的世界各国企业带来巨大的商机。

Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.这场百年一遇的金融危机，留给世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人们，对现行的经济体制和经济理论，应该进行深刻的反思。

This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.www.xiexiebang.com

中国曾长期实行高度集中的计划经济，把计划看成是绝对的，束缚了生产力的发展。这场金融危机使我们看到，市场也不是万能的，一味放任自由，势必引起经济秩序的混乱和社会分配的不公，最终受到惩罚。真正的市场化改革，决不会把市场机制与国家宏观调控对立起来。既要发挥市场这只看不见的手的作用，又要发挥政府和社会监管这只看得见的手的作用。两手都要硬，两手同时发挥作用，才能实现按照市场规律配置资源，也才能使资源配置合理、协调、平衡、可持续。

For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.国际金融危机再次告诉人们，不受监管的市场经济是多么可怕。从上世纪90年代以来，一些经济体疏于监管，一些金融机构受利益驱动，利用数十倍的金融杠杆进行超额融资，在获取高额利润的同时，把巨大的风险留给整个世界。这充分说明，不受管理的市场经济是注定行不通的。因此，必须处理好金融创新与金融监管的关系、虚拟经济与实体经济的关系、储蓄与消费的关系。

The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.有效应对这场危机，还必须高度重视道德的作用。道德是世界上最伟大的，道德的光芒甚至比阳光还要灿烂。真正的经济学理论，决不会同最高的伦理道德准则产生冲突。经济学说应该代表公正和诚信，平等地促进所有人，包括最弱势人群的福祉。被誉为现代经济学之父的亚当?斯密在《道德情操论》中指出：“如果一个社会的经济发展成果不能真正分流到大众手中，那么它在道义上将是不得人心的，而且是有风险的，因为它注定要威胁社会稳定。”道德缺失是导致这次金融危机的一个深层次原因。一些人见利忘义，损害公众利益，丧失了道德底线。我们应该倡导：企业要承担社会责任，企业家身上要流淌着道德的血液。

To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.www.xiexiebang.com

女士们，先生们！

Ladies and Gentlemen，英国是我这次欧洲之行的最后一站。这次访问，加深了我对欧洲的了解。中欧合作已经站在一个新的历史起点上。我对中欧发展全面战略伙伴关系更加充满信心。我们之间不存在历史遗留问题，也不存在根本利害冲突。中欧合作基础坚实，前景光明。英国是最早进入现代化的国家，你们在发展经济、保护环境等方面，都有许多成功的经验。我们愿意向你们学习，加强交流与合作。

Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.未来属于青年一代。中英关系的美好前景要靠青年去开拓。抚今追昔，我想起对中英文化交流作出重要贡献的剑桥校友李约瑟博士。他的鸿篇巨着《中国科学技术史》，在东西方两大文明之间架起了一座桥梁。继承传统、勇于创新，是剑桥大学的优秀品格。希望更多的剑桥人关注中国，用发展的眼光看中国，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英两国青年相互学习，携手共进，一定会谱写出中英关系的崭新篇章。

The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.谢谢大家！

Thank you!