克林顿国务卿为纪念世界艾滋病日发表讲话（共5篇）

第一篇：克林顿国务卿为纪念世界艾滋病日发表讲话

Secretary Clinton on Observance of World AIDS Day Washington, D.C.SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you all very much.Oh my goodness.Thank you.I think we could just end the program right now.(Laughter.)Florence, thank you.Thank you for continuing to be a smiling advocate on behalf of an AIDS-free generation.And congratulations on those two sons of yours, who are the strongest evidence of what we can achieve.I’m very grateful to you for sharing your energy, your story, and your passion with us today.I am so pleased to have this opportunity to unveil, formally, the blueprint for an AIDS-free generation.And this could not have happened without Dr.Eric Goosby.I’ve known Eric a long time.When I decided to accept the President’s offer to become Secretary of State, I knew there was only one person that I would hope to recruit to become our Global AIDS Ambassador.Because Eric has both the firsthand experience, going back to the very beginning of his medical training and practice in San Francisco, to the vision he has as to continue to push us to do even more than we think we possibly can, and the drive to actually deliver that.He’s a unique human being, and we are so grateful for his service.And I want to return the favor, my friend, and thank you publicly for everything you have done.(Applause.)Also sitting in the front row is the man who has been leading the government’s research efforts from the very early days of the epidemic, Dr.Tony Fauci.Thank you for being here and thank you for everything you have done.(Applause.)From USAID, we have Dr.Ariel Pablos-Mendez, who has also been, along with everyone at USAID and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other government agencies, one of those public servants who has dedicated his or her life to this work.So I am grateful to everyone in our government who has done what has made all the difference.We could not be making this announcement had it not been for the countless hours in laboratories, at bedsides, in the field, everything that people have contributed.And also let me thank Michel Sidibe, who has also been on the frontlines, and from UNAIDS, an absolutely essentially organization in playing the irreplaceable role in this fight.Thank you so much, Michel.(Applause.)And Dr.Dlamini-Zuma, the first woman to chair the African Union Commission, a longtime public servant, government official, activist in South Africa.The AU is a critical partner in our work against HIV/AIDS, and I don’t think there’s anyone who is better positioned to lead the AU at this time.And the fact she’s the first women to lead the AU in its 50-year history is an additional benefit.Thank you so much, my friend.(Applause.)And to Senator Enzi and Congresswoman Lee and Congressman Bass, who truly have been leaders, but also represent members of Congress on both sides of the aisle.This is a program that really has had bipartisan support – the leadership of President Bush in creating PEPFAR, the commitment and leadership of President Obama.This is something that I think has really made a difference for Americans and for America.It represents our very best values in practice.So to all the members of Congress, the advocates and activists, the scientists, people living with HIV, thank you for joining us as we take this next step in the journey we began years ago, but which we formally announced a year ago, to change the course of this pandemic and usher in an AIDS-free generation.Now, make no mistake about it: HIV may well be with us into the future.But the disease that it causes need not be.We can reach a point where virtually no children are born with the virus, and as these children become teenagers and adults, they are at a far lower risk of becoming infected than they are today.And if they do acquire HIV, they have access to treatment that helps prevent them from not only from developing AIDS, but from and passing the virus on to others.Now earlier this year, at the International AIDS Conference here in Washington, I described some of the steps we have taken to achieve an AIDS-free generation.And today, I want to step back and make two broad points about this goal.First, let’s remember why, after so many years of discouraging news, this goal is now possible.By applying evidence-based strategies in the most effective combinations, we have cut the number of new infections dramatically.Just last week, UNAIDS announced that, over the past decade, the rate of new HIV infections has dropped by more than half in 25 low-and-middle-income countries, most of them in Sub-Saharan Africa.Just listen to these numbers: In Zimbabwe, a 50 percent reduction;in Namibia, a 68 percent reduction;and in Malawi, a 73 percent reduction in the rate of new infections.So as we continue to drive down the number of new infections and drive up the number of people on treatment, eventually we will be able to treat more people than become infected every year.That will be the tipping point.We will then get ahead of the pandemic, and an AIDS-free generation will be in our sight.Now, we don’t know how long it will take to do this everywhere, but we know that we can do it.And that brings me to the second point: We’ve set the goal.We know it’s possible.Now we have to deliver.That may sound obvious, but it isn’t, because the history of global health and development is littered with grand plans that never panned out.And that matters, because if we make commitments and then fail to keep them, not only will our credibility be diminished, but people will lose heart.They will conclude, wrongly, that progress just isn’t possible, and everyone will lose faith in each other.That will cost lives.And in the fight against HIV/AIDS, failing to live up to our commitments isn’t just disappointing, it is deadly.That’s why I am so relentlessly focused on delivering results.In July, I asked Eric Goosby and his team to produce a plan to show precisely how America will help achieve an AIDS-free generation.As I said then, I want the next Congress, the next Secretary of State, and our partners everywhere to know how we will contribute to achieving this goal.And the result is the blueprint we are releasing today.It lays out five goals and many specific steps we will take to accomplish those goals.First, we are committing to rapidly scaling up the most effective prevention and treatment interventions.And today, I can announce some new numbers that show how far we’ve already come.This year, through PEPFAR, we directly supported nearly 5.1 million people on antiretroviral treatment.(Applause.)That is a 200 percent increase since 2008.Now, think for a moment what this means.What did Florence say was the only hope she could give her fellow women living with HIV? She said it was the ARVs.And this year, the American people gave that hope to more than 5 million of their fellow citizens on this earth.And through them, we gave hope to their families and communities, and I think that should make every American profoundly proud.Now, our second goal is that the blueprint says we have to go where the virus is, targeting the populations at the greatest risk of contracting HIV, including people who inject drugs, sex workers, and those trafficked into prostitution, and men who have sex with men.(Applause.)When discrimination, stigma, and other factors drive these groups into the shadows, the epidemic becomes that much harder to fight.That’s why we are supporting country-led plans to expand services for key populations, and bolstering the efforts of civil society groups to reach out to them.And we are investing in research to identify the interventions that are most effective for each key population.As part of our effort to go where the virus is, we are focusing even more intently on women and girls, because they are still at higher risk then men of acquiring HIV because of gender inequity and violence.So we are working to ensure that HIV/AIDS programs recognize the particular needs of women and girls, for example, by integrating these efforts with family planning and reproductive health services.(Applause.)We are also working to prevent and respond to gender-based violence, invest in girls’ education, address gender inequality, and take other steps that have been proven to lower their risk of contracting the virus.Third, we will promote sustainability, efficiency, and effectiveness.We’ve already saved hundreds of millions of dollars by switching to generic drugs in our treatment regimen.And we will continue to ensure that we get the most out of every dollar spent.Fourth, we will promote a global effort to achieve an AIDS-free generation, because this must be a shared responsibility.That means our partner countries must step up to the responsibilities of country ownership.And we look to our partner countries to define the services their people need the most, set priorities, and convene funding partners to coordinate.Donors must meet their funding commitments while also doing more to support country ownership.To drive all these efforts, the United States will continue to support the Global Fund, we will invest in global health diplomacy, and use our diplomatic leverage to support our goals and bring others to the table.And I have to say I was so impressed when I was in South Africa this summer.I went to Cape Town.We – Eric and I went together, Ambassador was there, along with the South African Minister of Health, who has been an exemplary leader.Let’s give the Minister of Health of South Africa a round of applause.(Applause.)He has worked so hard with a great team and with President Zuma’s full support to really take on the responsibility of country ownership and management.And when we were in the clinic in Cape Town, we saw some really impressive developments, including a more efficient way to dispense the drugs that are needed.And it was a great tribute to what the South African Government has been able to do in the last four years.Now finally – and this is really a call for the entire global health community – science and evidence must continue to guide our work.For our part, the United States will support research on innovative technologies for prevention and treatment, such as microbicides and approaches that stave off opportunistic infections like TB.We will set clear, measurable benchmarks and monitor our progress toward them so we can focus our funding on what works.It is science that has brought us to this point;it is science that will allow us to finish this job.So with this blueprint, I firmly believe we have laid out a plan that every American president and secretary and Congress will want to build on.And I urge other countries to develop their own blueprints, because to reach and AIDS-free generation, we have to keep moving forward.So if we have any doubt about the importance of this work, just think of the joy and that big smile on Florence’s face when she told us about giving birth to her two healthy HIV-negative sons.And think of that same sense of joy rippling out across an entire generation, tens of millions of mothers and fathers whose children will be born free of this disease, who will not know the horror of AIDS.That is the world we are working for, and nothing could be more exciting, more inspiring, more deserving of our dedication than that.So I thank everyone across our government, because I know this was a whole-of-government effort.I thank you all for everything you have done, are doing, and will do to deliver on this important goal.And now it’s my great pleasure to welcome my friend and partner in the effort to the stage, the leader of UNAIDS, Michel Sidibe.(Applause.)

克林顿国务卿为纪念世界艾滋病日发表讲话

克林顿国务卿：非常感谢大家。真不得了！谢谢大家。我想现在就可以结束这个活动了。（笑声）谢谢你，弗洛伦斯（Florence）。感谢你继续面带微笑地倡导整个一代人无艾滋病的目标。并祝贺你的两个儿子，他们最有力地证实了我们所能取得的成就。我非常感激你今天与我们分享你的能量、你的故事和你的热情。

很高兴能借这个机会正式公布无艾滋病一代的蓝图，而没有埃里克·古斯比（Eric Goosby）博士是不可能做到的。我认识埃里克很久了。当我决定接受总统的任命出任国务卿时，我就知道只有一个人是我要聘任担当全球艾滋病事务大使（Global AIDS Ambassador）的。因为埃里克从一开始学医以及在旧金山行医时起就不仅有亲身经验，而且还有继续推动我们尽可能取得更大成就的抱负以及实现这一抱负的干劲。他是一个极为难得的人，我们非常感谢他所做的工作。我的朋友，我想在大家面前感谢你所做的一切，以此作为回报。（掌声）

在前排就坐的还有从艾滋病最早流行时便负责政府研究工作的托尼·福西（Tony Fauci）博士。感谢你的光临，感谢你所做的一切。（掌声）

还有来自美国国际开发署（USAID）的阿里尔·帕布洛·门德斯（Ariel Pablos-Mendez）博士，他与美国国际开发署及疾病控制和预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）等其他政府机构的各位共事，是毕其一生致力于这项工作的公职人员之一。因此，我很感谢各位在政府机构中为取得所有这些成就做出的贡献。没有大家在实验室里、在病床边、在实地废寝忘食地工作，没有大家在这一领域中的诸多贡献，就不可能有这个发布会。

此外，我还要感谢一直工作在第一线的米歇尔·西迪贝（Michel Sidibe）以及联合国艾滋病规划署（UNAIDS），这个至关重要的组织在这场斗争中发挥着不可替代的作用。非常感谢你，米歇尔。（掌声）

还有德拉米尼-祖马（Dlamini-Zuma）博士，她是非洲联盟委员会（African Union Commission）的首位女主席，长期以来在南非担任公职人员和政府官员，而且一直是一名社会活动家。非洲联盟是我们防治艾滋病毒/艾滋病的重要伙伴，我认为现在没有人比她更胜任非洲联盟的领导职位了。她是非洲联盟成立50年来首位女主席这一事实使她更具优势。非常感谢你，我的朋友。（掌声）

感谢参议员恩兹（Enzi）以及众议员李（Lee）和巴斯（Bass），他们始终是真正的领袖，也是国会两党成员的代表。这是一个切实得到两党共同支持的计划——布什总统（Bush）领导创立了美国总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划（PEPFAR），欧巴马总统为这一计划做出了承诺并发挥了领导作用。我认为这是真正为美国人民和美国做出贡献的计划。它代表了我们所奉行的最优秀的价值观。

因此，各位国会议员、维权人士和社会活动家、科学家以及艾滋病毒携带者，感谢你们与我们共同迈出这个旅程的下一步——我们的旅程在多年前开始，但我们在一年前正式宣布要逆转艾滋病疫情并迎来无艾滋病的一代。

毋庸置疑的是：艾滋病毒很可能会存在下去，但艾滋病毒所导致的疾病却不必如此。我们可以实现几乎没有儿童生来就感染艾滋病毒的目标，而且随着他们成长为青少年和成年人，他们感染艾滋病毒的风险将远远低于现在。即使他们感染上艾滋病毒，他们也可以获得治疗，不仅能避免引发艾滋病，还能防止他们将病毒传染给他人。在今年早些时候，我在于华盛顿举行的国际艾滋病大会（International AIDS Conference）上介绍了我们为实现无艾滋病一代的目标已经采取的一些措施。今天，我要概括说明有关这个目标的两大要点。

首先，我们不要忘记，经过这么多年的挫折后现在有可能实现这一目标的原因何在。通过以最有效的综合手段应用有实证基础的策略，我们现在已经大幅降低了新发感染的数量。就在上周，联合国艾滋病规划署宣布，在过去十年中，25个中低收入国家的艾滋病毒新发感染率已经下降了一半以上，这些大多是非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南（Sub-Saharan Africa）地区的国家。听听这些数字：新发感染率在津巴布韦下降了50％，在纳米比亚下降了68％，在马拉维下降了73％。

因此，随着我们继续降低新发感染的数量并增加接受治疗的人数，我们最终将能使每年得到治疗的人数超过被感染的人数。这将是一个转折点。随后，我们将把艾滋病甩在后面，并将有望迎来无艾滋病的一代。我不知道要用多长时间才能在各地实现这一目标，但我们知道我们能够做到。

由此我要谈到第二个要点：我们已经设定了目标。我们知道它可以实现。现在我们必须将它付诸实现。这听起来似乎显而易见，但其实不然，因为全球的健康和发展史上不乏从未获得成功的种种宏伟计划。这一点非常重要，因为如果我们做出承诺但却不履行承诺，不仅会使我们信誉扫地，而且会让人们灰心丧气。他们将得出错误的结论，认为进步根本不可能实现，致使人人都对彼此失去信心。而这将造成生命损失。在与艾滋病毒/艾滋病的斗争中，不履行我们的承诺不仅会令人失望，而且还会导致生命损失。

正因为如此，我始终不渝地强调实效。7月，我要求埃里克·古斯比和他的团队制定一项计划，明确说明美国将如何帮助实现整个一代人无艾滋病的目标。正如我当时所说，我希望下一届国会、下一任国务卿以及我们的各个合作伙伴都知道我们将如何为实现这一目标贡献力量。其结果便是我们今天要发布的这份蓝图。它阐明了五个目标以及我们为实现这些目标将要采取的许多具体步骤。首先，我们正致力于迅速普及最有效的预防和治疗措施。今天，我会宣布一些新的数字，这些数字显示我们已经取得长足的进展。今年，我们通过美国总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划（PEPEAR）直接为将近510万人提供了抗逆转录病毒治疗。（掌声）自2008年以来，这一数字增加了200％。

现在，想一想这意味着什么。弗洛伦斯说她能给感染艾滋病毒的女同胞带来的唯一希望是什么？她说是抗逆转录病毒药物（ARV）。而今年，美国人民将这种希望带给了这个地球上500多万同胞。通过这些药物，我们给他们的家庭和社区带来了希望，我认为每一个美国人都应当为此深感自豪。

现在，我们蓝图中的第二个目标是深入病毒所在之处，针对感染艾滋病毒风险最高的群体开展工作，包括注射毒品者、性工作者和被贩卖从事卖淫者以及与男性发生性关系的男性。（掌声）

当歧视、耻辱和其他因素将这些群体赶到隐秘之处时，艾滋病将更加难以消灭。因此，我们正在支持国家主导的计划，以扩大为重点人口提供的服务，并加强公民社会团体为他们提供帮助的努力。此外，我们正在对一批研究项目投资，以确定对各重点人群最有效的干预措施。

作为深入艾滋病毒流行之处开展工作的一项内容，我们更加关注妇女和女孩，因为比起男人，她们因性别不平等和暴力而感染艾滋病毒的风险仍然更高。因此，我们正在努力，以确保各种艾滋病毒/艾滋病防治计划认识到妇女和女孩的特殊需要，例如，可以把这项工作与计划生育和生育健康服务结合起来。（掌声）我们也正在努力防止和应对性别暴力，对女孩的教育投资，解决性别不平等问题，并采取其他已证实可以降低女性艾滋病毒感染风险的措施。

第三，我们将增进可持续性、效率和有效性。我们已经通过在治疗方案中转为采用非专利药物而节省了数亿美元。我们将继续确保我们花费的每一美元都能取得最大效益。第四，我们将推动全球范围的努力，实现整个一代人无艾滋病的目标，因为这必须是我们共同的责任。这意味着我们的伙伴国家必须更加主动地承担起责任。我们还期待伙伴国家确定其人民最需要的服务，分清轻重缓急，并召集融资伙伴互相协调。捐助者必须履行其提供资金的承诺，同时作出更多努力来支持国家主导的模式。

为了推动所有这些努力，美国将继续支持全球基金（Global Fund），继续投资于全球卫生外交，利用外交杠杆为我们的目标提供支持，让其他国家加入我们的行列。

我必须提到，今年夏天对南非的访问给我留下了非常深刻的印象。我去了开普敦（Cape Town）。我们——埃里克大使和我同行——会晤了南非卫生部长，南非卫生部长长期以来一直是模范领导人。让我们用掌声向南非卫生部长致意。（掌声）

他与一个出色的团队辛勤努力，在祖马总统的全力支持下，切实承担起国家主导和管理的责任。当我们走访开普敦的诊所时，我们看到了一些真正令人印象深刻的进展，包括一种更高效的给药方式。这些进展凸显了南非政府过去四年来所取得的成果。

最后——这确实需要全球卫生界一致努力——必须以科学和实证继续指导我们的工作。对于美国而言，我们将支持预防和治疗方面的创新研究，例如杀微生物剂和避免结核病及其他机会性感染的方法。我们将制定明确的、可衡量的标准，并追踪我们在这些领域的进展，以便把资金集中用于有效的方法。是科学让我们取得了今天的成就，未来，我们也必须依赖科学实现我们的目标。

因此，就这份蓝图而言，我坚信我们已经制定了一个未来每届美国总统、国务卿以及国会都希望继续推进的计划。我敦促其他国家制定自己的蓝图，因为要实现整个一代人无艾滋病的目标，我们必须不断前进。

因此，如果我们对这项工作的重要性有任何怀疑，只需要想一想当弗洛伦斯告诉我们她生下了两个健康的、艾滋病毒检测阴性的儿子时，脸上的喜悦和灿烂的笑容。再想一想荡漾在一整代人心中同样的喜悦——几千万父母将生下未受艾滋病毒侵害的孩子，这些孩子将不会经历艾滋病带来的恐怖。这就是我们正在努力追寻的世界，没有任何事情更激动人心、更令人鼓舞、更值得我们为之奉献。

因此，我感谢我们政府中的每一个人，因为我知道这离不开政府各部门的努力。感谢大家为实现这一重大目标已经付出、正在付出和将要付出的一切努力。

现在，我很荣幸地邀请我的朋友和这项工作中的合作伙伴、联合国艾滋病规划署负责人米歇尔·西迪贝上台发言。

第二篇：美国国务卿克林顿2012年世界艾滋病大会讲话时间

美国国务卿克林顿2012年世界艾滋病大会讲话时间:2012-07-25 17:37来源:口译网 作者:口译网 点击:2841次

Remarks at the 2012 International AIDS Conference By US Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton Washington Convention Center Washington, D.C.July 23, 2012

在2012年世界艾滋病大会上的讲话 美国国务卿 希拉里·罗德姆·克林顿 华盛顿哥伦比亚特区 华盛顿会展中心 2012年7月23日

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Good morning, and –(applause)– now, what would an AIDS conference be without a little protesting? We understand that.(Applause.)Part of the reason we’ve come as far as we have is because so many people all over the world have not been satisfied that we have done enough.And I am here to set a goal for a generation that is free of AIDS.(Applause.)But first, let me say five words we have not been able to say for too long: “Welcome to the United States.”(Applause.)We are so pleased to have you all finally back here.早上好（掌声）– 听我说，艾滋病大会没有人抗议是否会很奇怪？我们对此表示理解。（掌声）我们之所以取得了今天的成果，其原因之一就是世界各地有许许多多的人认为我们做得还不够。我今天将在这里宣布一项目标，要让下一代人免受艾滋病的侵害。（掌声）但是，有一句话我们很久没有说了，所以我要先说一下：“欢迎来到美国。”（掌声）大家最后能重新回到这里，我们非常高兴。

And I want to thank the leaders of the many countries who have joined us.I want to acknowledge my colleagues from the Administration and the Congress who have contributed so much to the fight against AIDS.But mostly, I want to salute all of the people who are here today who do the hard work that has given us the chance to stand here in 2012 and actually imagine a time when we will no longer be afflicted by this terrible epidemic and the great cost and suffering it has imposed for far too long.(Applause.)On behalf of all Americans, we thank you.我要向和我们一道努力的许多国家的领导人表示感谢。我还要表彰我在美国行政部门的同事们以及美国国会议员们，他们为抗击艾滋病做出了重大贡献。但最重要的是，我要向今天到场的各位表达敬意，由于你们的艰苦努力，我们有机会在2012年站在这里，展望彻底铲除这一可怕的流行病的那一天（掌声）。在太长的时间里，这种疾病让我们付出了巨大的代价，给我们造成了巨大的痛苦。我们代表全体美国人民感谢你们。

But I want to take a step back and think how far we have come since the last time this conference was held in the United States.It was in 1990 in San Francisco.Dr.Eric Goosby, who is now our Global AIDS Ambassador, ran a triage center there for all the HIV-positive people who became sick during the conference.They set up IV drug drips to rehydrate patients.They gave antibiotics to people with AIDS-related pneumonia.Many had to be hospitalized and a few died.然而，我要回顾和思考一下自从上次在美国召开这个大会以来我们所取得的进展。那是1990年，在旧金山。现在担任美国全球艾滋病事务协调员的埃里克·古斯比医生在会场上设立了一个诊断中心，为在大会期间生病的所有艾滋病毒感染者提供医疗服务。他们为脱水的病人提供药物静脉滴注，向因艾滋病而感染肺炎的人发放抗生素。有许多人被送往医院，还有几个人死亡。

Even at a time when the world’s response to the epidemic was sorely lacking, there were places and people of caring where people with AIDS found support.But tragically, there was so little that could be done medically.And thankfully, that has changed.Caring brought action, and action has made an impact.令人痛心的是，当时全世界对这种流行病几乎没有采取应对措施，即令如此，在一些地方还是有一些有善心的人为艾滋病患者提供支持。但令人悲哀的是，医生们基本上束手无策。有幸的是，这种情况已经改变。关爱带来行动，行动产生了效果。

The ability to prevent and treat the disease has advanced beyond what many might have reasonably hoped 22 years ago.Yes, AIDS is still incurable, but it no longer has to be a death sentence.That is a tribute to the work of countless people around the world – many of whom are here at this conference, others who are no longer with us but whose contributions live on.And for decades, the United States has played a key role.Starting in the 1990s under the Clinton Administration, we began slowly to make HIV treatment drugs more affordable, we began to face the epidemic in our own country.And then in 2003, President Bush launched PEPFAR with strong bipartisan support from Congress and this country began treating millions of people.这种疾病的预防和治疗手段的进步可能是许多人在22年以前无法想象的。不错，艾滋病依然是不治之症，但它不再意味着死刑。对于世界各地无数为之辛勤努力的人们——其中有很多人今天在这里参加会议——这是一种赞誉。还有一些人已经离开了我们，但他们的贡献继续使我们受益。在过去几十年里，美国发挥了关键作用。从1990年代克林顿政府开始，我们逐步降低了艾滋病治疗药物的价格，这种疾病也开始在美国传播。2003年，在国会两党议员的强有力支持下，布什总统启动了“总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划”(PEPFAR)，美国开始为数百万人提供治疗。

Today under President Obama, we are building on this legacy.PEPFAR is shifting out of emergency mode and starting to build sustainable health systems that will help us finally win this fight and deliver an AIDS-free generation.It’s hard to overstate how sweeping or how crucial this change is.When President Obama took office, we knew that if we were going to win the fight against AIDS we could not keep treating it as an emergency.We had to fundamentally change the way we and our global partners did business.今天，在欧巴马总统领导下，我们发扬了这一传统。PEPFAR不再是一项紧急救援计划，其重心转向建设可持续的医疗保健系统，以最终赢得这场战斗，使下一代人不再遭受艾滋病的侵害。这一变化的规模和重要性是无法估量的。当欧巴马总统上任时，我们认识到，如果我们要在抗击艾滋病的这场战斗中取胜，我们就不能再把它当作一项紧急任务，而必须彻底改变我们和我们的全球伙伴的行为方式。

So we’ve engaged diplomatically with ministers of finance and health, but also with presidents and prime ministers to listen and learn about their priorities and needs in order to chart the best way forward together.Now I will admit that has required difficult conversations about issues that some leaders don’t want to face, like government corruption in the procurement and delivery of drugs or dealing with injecting drug users, but it has been an essential part of helping more countries manage more of their own response to the epidemic.因此，我们通过外交途径与各位财政部长和卫生部长沟通，而且还与各位总统和总理沟通，听取并了解他们的工作重点和需求，以利于找出共同前进的最佳路线。现在，我要承认，为此必须就某些领导人不想面对的问题进行艰难的对话，例如政府在采购和提供药物的工作中的腐败行为以及如何对待注射毒品者，但这却是帮助更多的国家更广泛地管理其防治措施的关键一步。

We’ve also focused on supporting high-impact interventions, making tough decisions driven by science about what we will and will not fund.And we are delivering more results for the American taxpayer’s dollar by taking simple steps – switching to generic drugs, which saved more than $380 million in 2010 alone.(Applause.)我们还集中力量实施效果显著的干预措施，以科学为依据作出资助哪些项目以及不资助哪些项目的艰难抉择。我们采取简单的步骤——例如转用非专利药物——用美国纳税人的钱取得更多的成果，仅在2010年一年就节省了3.8亿多美元。（掌声）

And crucially, we have vastly improved our coordination with the Global Fund.Where we used to work independently of each other, we now sit down together to decide, for example, which of us will fund AIDS treatment somewhere and which of us will fund the delivery of that treatment.That is a new way of working together for both of us, but I think it holds great results for all of us.(Applause.)Now all of these strategic shifts have required a lot of heavy lifting.But it only matters in the end if it means we are saving more lives – and we are.至关重要的是，我们已经大大改善了我们与全球基金的协作。现在，我们会在原来各行其是的领域一起坐下来作出决策，例如在某地由谁来资助艾滋病的治疗，又由谁来提供这种治疗。这对我们双方而言是一个进行合作的新途径，但我认为这将给我们各方带来巨大的成果。（掌声）而所有这些战略转变都必须依赖大量繁重的工作。但归根结底，关键在于我们是否在挽救更多的生命——我们确实正在这样做。

Since 2009, we have more than doubled the number of people who get treatment that keeps them alive.(Applause.)We are also reaching far more people with prevention, testing, and counseling.自2009年以来，我们通过提供治疗使活下来的人增加了一倍多。（掌声）我们也增加了预防、检测和咨询惠及的人数。

And I want publicly to thank, first and foremost, Dr.Eric Goosby, who has been on the front lines of all this work since the 1980s in San Francisco.(Applause.)He is somewhere in this vast hall, cringing with embarrassment, but more than anyone else, he had a vision for what PEPFAR needed to become and the tenacity to keep working to make it happen.And I want to thank his extraordinary partners here in this Administration, Dr.Tom Frieden at the Centers for Disease Control and Dr.Raj Shah at USAID.(Applause.)

我首先要当众感谢埃里克·古斯比医生，他自20世纪80年代在旧金山从事有关工作以来，一直在该领域中站在所有努力的前沿。（掌声）他就在这个宽敞的大厅的某个角落，可能不希望大家注意到他，但他比其他人更有远见，知道总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划需要实现什么样的愿景，而且他还具有坚韧的毅力，为达到目标锲而不舍。我还要感谢他在本届政府中非同一般的合作伙伴，疾病控制中心的汤姆·弗里登医生（Tom Frieden)和美国国际开发署的拉吉·沙阿博士。（掌声）

Now, with the progress we are making together, we can look ahead to a historic goal: creating an AIDS-free generation.This is part of President Obama’s call to make fighting global HIV/AIDS at home and abroad a priority for this administration.In July 2010, he launched the first comprehensive National HIV/AIDS Strategy, which has reinvigorated the domestic response to the epidemic – especially important here in Washington D.C., which needs more attention, more resources, and smarter strategies to deal with the epidemic in our nation’s capital.现在，由于我们正在共同取得的进展，我们可以展望一个历史性目标：实现无艾滋病的一代。这是欧巴马总统敦促把在国内外抗击全球艾滋病毒/艾滋病作为本届政府的当务之急的内容之一。2010年7月，他提出了第一个综合性的国家艾滋病毒/艾滋病战略，为在国内应对疫情注入了新的活力——这在华盛顿尤其重要，在我国首都应对疫情需要有更多的关注、更多的资源和更明智的策略。

And last November, at the National Institutes of Health, with my friend Dr.Tony Fauci there, I spoke in depth about the goal of an AIDS-free generation and laid out some of the ways we are advancing it through PEPFAR, USAID, and the CDC.And on World AIDS Day, President Obama announced an ambitious commitment for the United States to reach 6 million people globally with lifesaving treatment.(Applause.)

去年11月，我在国家卫生院与我的朋友托尼·福西医生一起深入地探讨无艾滋病一代的目标，并阐述了我们正在通过总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划、美国国际开发署以及疾病控制和预防中心推进该目标的一些方式。在世界艾滋病日，欧巴马总统宣布了美国的一项雄心勃勃的承诺，保证让全球600万人获得能够拯救生命的治疗。（掌声）

Now since that time I’ve heard a few voices from people raising questions about America’s commitment to an AIDS-free generation, wondering whether we are really serious about achieving it.Well, I am here today to make it absolutely clear: The United States is committed and will remain committed to achieving an AIDS-free generation.We will not back off, we will not back down, we will fight for the resources necessary to achieve this historic milestone.(Applause.)

从那以后，我已经听到人们发出了一些质疑的声音，围绕美国对无艾滋病一代的承诺提出疑问，并想知道我们对于履行这些承诺是否认真。事实上，我今天到场的目的之一就是要把这一点讲清楚：美国现在和将来都始终承诺要实现无艾滋病的一代。我们不会放弃这个目标，我们不会让步，我们会争取必要的资源来达及这一历史性的里程碑。（掌声）

I know that many of you share my passion about achieving this goal.In fact, one could say I am preaching to the choir.But right now, I think we need a little preaching to the choir.And we need the choir and the congregation to keep singing, lifting up their voices, and spreading the message to everyone who is still standing outside.我知道你们中间有许多人和我一样抱着实现这一目标的激情。事实上，可以说我是在对唱诗班布道。但此时此刻，我认为我们需要对唱诗班布一点道。我们需要唱诗班和会众们不停地唱，提高嗓门、向仍然站在门外的每一个人传递这个信息。

So while I want to reaffirm my government’s commitment, I’m also here to boost yours.This is a fight we can win.We have already come so far – too far to stop now.因此，在重申我国政府的承诺的同时，我也在这里为你们的承诺鼓劲。这是我们能打赢的一仗。我们已经走了这么远——现在止步是不可能的。

I want to describe some of the progress we’ve made toward that goal and some of the work that lies ahead.我想说明我们朝着这个目标已经取得的进展以及一些摆在面前的工作。

Let me begin by defining what we mean by an AIDS-free generation.It is a time when, first of all, virtually no child anywhere will be born with the virus.(Applause.)Secondly, as children and teenagers become adults, they will be at significantly lower risk of ever becoming infected than they would be today no matter where they are living.(Applause.)And third, if someone does acquire HIV, they will have access to treatment that helps prevent them from developing AIDS and passing the virus on to others.首先让我给我们所说的无艾滋病的一代下个定义。这首先是一个在任何地方出生的孩子都不携带病毒的时代。（掌声）其次，当儿童和青少年长大成人时，不管他们身居何处，他们被感染的风险都将比今天显著降低。（掌声）第三，如果有人的确感染了艾滋病毒，他们将有机会获得治疗，有助于遏制病毒引发艾滋病并传染给他人。

So yes, HIV may be with us into the future until we finally achieve a cure, a vaccine, but the disease that HIV causes need not be with us.(Applause.)

因此，艾滋病毒也许将来还会伴随着我们，直到我们最终找到一种治疗方法、找到一种疫苗，但艾滋病毒所引发的疾病却不一定要伴随我们。（掌声）

As of last fall, every agency in the United States Government involved in this effort is working together to get us on that path to an AIDS-free generation.We’re focusing on what we call combination prevention.Our strategy includes condoms, counseling and testing, and places special emphasis on three other interventions: treatment as prevention, voluntary medical male circumcision, and stopping the transmission of HIV from mothers to children.自去年秋天开始，美国政府各个相关部门开展合作，以便使我们走上“无艾滋病的一代”的道路。现在我们集中于我们所说的综合预防战略，其中包括避孕套、咨询和测试措施，并特别侧重于其他三项干预手段：预防性治疗、男性自愿包皮环切术和防止艾滋病毒母婴传播。

Since November, we have elevated combination prevention in all our HIV/AIDS work –including right here in Washington, which still has the highest HIV rate of any large city in our country.And globally, we have supported our partner countries shifting their investments toward the specific mix of prevention tools that will have the greatest impact for their people.For example, Haiti is scaling up its efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission, including full treatment for mothers with HIV, which will in turn, of course, prevent new infections.And for the first time, the Haitian Ministry of Health is committing its own funding to provide antiretroviral treatment.(Applause.)

自去年11月以来，我们提升了综合预防在一切艾滋病防治工作中的重要性，包括在华盛顿——它仍是我国艾滋病毒感染率最高的城市。而在全球，我们支持合作伙伴国家将其投资转移到可对人民产生最大效果的具体预防手段组合。例如，海地正加大努力预防艾滋病毒母婴传播，包括对携带艾滋病毒的孕妇的全面治疗，而这显然能够预防新的感染。海地卫生部第一次将自己的资金投入抗病毒治疗。（掌声）

We’re also making notable progress on the three pillars of our combination-prevention strategy.On treatment as prevention, the United States has added funding for nearly 600,000 more people since September, which means we are reaching nearly 4.5 million people now and closing in on our national goal of 6 million by the end of next year.That is our contribution to the global effort to reach universal coverage.我们在综合预防战略的三个主要方面也正在取得显著进步。在预防性治疗方面，美国政府自去年9月起又增加了用于近60万人的资金，这意味着现在我们已向近450万人提供帮助，逐渐接近我们明年底达到600万人的国家目标。这是我们为让治疗遍及全球的国际努力所做的贡献。

On male circumcision, we’ve supported more than 400,000 procedures since last December alone.And I’m pleased to announce that PEPFAR will provide an additional $40 million to support South Africa’s plans to provide voluntary medical circumcisions for almost half a million boys and men in the coming year.(Applause.)You know and we want the world to know that this procedure reduces the risk of female-to-male transmission by more than 60 percent and for the rest of the man’s life, so the impact can be phenomenal.在男性包皮环切术方面，仅从去年12月起我们已资助了40多万例手术。在此我高兴地宣布，总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划将再提供4000万美元，支持南非在明年为近50万男童和成年男性提供自愿包皮环切手术。（掌声）我们希望世界知道，包皮环切术可将女性向男性传播率减少60%以上，并且关系到男性今后的一生，因此效果会非常显著。

In Kenya and Tanzania, mothers asked for circumcision campaigns during school vacations so their teenage sons could participate.In Zimbabwe, some male lawmakers wanted to show their constituents how safe and virtually painless the procedure is, so they went to a mobile clinic and got circumcised.That’s the kind of leadership we welcome.And we are also seeing the development of new tools that would allow people to perform the procedure with less training and equipment than they need today without compromising safety.And when such a device is approved by the World Health Organization, PEPFAR is ready to support it right away.(Applause.)

在肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚，母亲们要求在学校放假期间进行包皮环切手术教育活动，以便她们的孩子们能够参加。在津巴布韦，一些男性立法人员为向选民展示环切术安全和基本无痛，而来到移动诊所接受环切手术。这就是我们所欢迎的领导作用。我们还看到新工具的开发，从而在不降低安全性的情况下通过比目前更简单的训练和设备实施这项手术。在这项设备得到世界卫生组织批准后，总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划将会立即予以支持。（掌声）

And on mother-to-child transmission, we are committed to eliminating it by 2015, getting the number to zero.Over the years –(applause)– we’ve invested more than $1 billion for this effort.In the first half of this fiscal year, we reached more than 370,000 women globally, and we are on track to hit PEPFAR’s target of reaching an additional 1.5 million women by next year.We are also setting out to overcome one of the biggest hurdles in getting to zero.When women are identified as HIV-positive and eligible for treatment, they are often referred to another clinic, one that may be too far away for them to reach.As a result too many women never start treatment.在母婴传播方面，我们致力于到2015年实现全面预防，使传播数量降到零。多年以来——（掌声）——我们在这方面投入了10亿多美元。在本财政的上半年，我们已在全球资助了超过37万名女性，正在朝明年再资助150万名女性的总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划的目标迈进。我们还在着手克服实现母婴零传播的最大障碍之一：当女性被诊断为艾滋病毒阳性且符合治疗条件时，她们通常被转到另一个可能离她们太远而无法到达的诊所，因此其中太多人从未开始治疗。

Today, I am announcing that the United States will invest an additional $80 million to fill this gap.These funds –(applause)– will support innovative approaches to ensure that HIV-positive pregnant women get the treatment they need to protect themselves, their babies, and their partners.So let there be no mistake, the United States is accelerating its work on all three of these fronts in the effort to create an AIDS-free generation and look at how all these elements come together to make a historic impact.今天，我宣布美国将再投资8000万美元填补这个缺口。这笔资金——（掌声）——将支持创新方法，确保艾滋病毒检测阳性的孕妇获得保护她们自己及其婴儿和伴侣所需的治疗。因此明确无误的是，美国正在加速开展上面提到的三方面工作，努力实现无艾滋病的一代，并在审视如何综合所有这些手段以产生历史性的影响。

In Zambia, we’re supporting the government as they step up their efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission.Between 2009 and 2011, the number of new infections went down by more than half.And we are just getting started.Together, we’re going to keep up our momentum on mother-to-child transmission.In addition, we will help many more Zambians get on treatment and support a massive scale-up of male circumcision as well, two steps that, according to our models, will drive down the number of new sexually transmitted infections there by more than 25 percent over the next 5 years.So as the number of new infections in Zambia goes down, it will be possible to treat more people than are becoming infected each year.So we will, for the first time, get ahead of the pandemic there.And eventually, an AIDS-free generation of Zambians will be in sight.在赞比亚，我们支持其政府加大步伐预防母婴传播。在2009年至2011年期间，新感染人数减少了一半以上。这只是个开始，我们将携手努力，保持在降低母婴传播方面的良好势头。此外，我们还将帮助更多赞比亚人获得治疗，同时资助更多男性包皮环切术。根据我们的模式，这两个步骤可以在未来五年将新的性传播感染降低25%以上。因此，随着赞比亚新感染人数的降低，每年接受治疗的人数将有可能超过被感染人数。我们将首次超过艾滋病的传播速度。最终，赞比亚将会看到无艾滋病的一代。

Think of the lives we will touch in Zambia alone – all the mothers and fathers and children who will never have their lives ripped apart by this disease.And now, multiply that across the many other countries we are working with.In fact, if you’re not getting excited about this, please raise your hand and I will send somebody to check your pulse.(Laughter and applause.)

想象一下我们仅在赞比亚一国对生命产生的影响——所有母亲、父亲和儿童的生活再也不会被艾滋病破坏。那么现在再乘以我们正在资助的许多其他国家。说实话，如果您没有因此感到兴奋，请举手，我会让人来检查一下您的脉搏。（笑声和掌声）

But I know that creating an AIDS-free generation takes more than the right tools, as important as they are.Ultimately, it’s about people – the people who have the most to contribute to this goal and the most to gain from it.That means embracing the essential role that communities play – especially people living with HIV – and the critical work of faith-based organizations.We need to make sure we’re looking out for orphans and vulnerable children who are too often still overlooked in this epidemic.(Applause.)

不过，我知道，迎来无艾滋病的一代需要的不仅仅是正确的手段，尽管它们非常重要。最终还在于人——那些能为此目标作出最大贡献并能因此获得最大收益的人们。这意味着肯定社区发挥的重要作用尤其是艾滋病毒携带者所发挥的作用，以及宗教组织所从事的关键性工作。我们需要确保关照孤儿和弱势儿童，他们在这一流行病中仍经常被忽视。（掌声）

And it will be no surprise to you to hear me say I want to highlight the particular role that women play.(Applause.)In Sub-Saharan Africa today, women account for 60 percent of those living with HIV.Women want to protect themselves from HIV and they want access to adequate health care.And we need to answer their call.PEPFAR is part of our comprehensive effort to meet the health needs of women and girls, working across United States Government and with our partners on HIV, maternal and child health, and reproductive health, including voluntary family planning and our newly launched Child Survival Call to Action.你们听到我表示希望强调妇女所发挥的特殊作用不会感到意外。(掌声)在今日非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南地区，艾滋病毒携带者中有60%是女性。妇女们希望预防艾滋病，她们希望得到适当治疗。我们需要响应她们的呼声。总统艾滋病紧急救援计划是我们满足妇女医疗需求的综合努力的一部分，美国政府各部门正在努力，并与合作方共同奋斗，以解决艾滋病毒、母婴健康以及生殖健康等问题，这其中包括自愿性的计划生育以及我们新发起的“行动起来拯救儿童” 活动。

Every woman should be able to decide when and whether to have children.This is true whether she is HIV-positive or not.(Applause.)And I agree with the strong message that came out of the London Summit on Family Planning earlier this month.There should be no controversy about this.None at all.(Applause.)

每位妇女都应该能够决定何时以及是否愿意生儿育女。无论她是否感染了艾滋病毒，都应如此。（掌声）我赞同本月初伦敦计划生育峰会发出的强烈呼声。这是毋庸置疑的。这是毫无疑问的。（掌声）

And across all of our health and development work, the United States is emphasizing gender equality because women need and deserve a voice in the decisions that affect their lives.(Applause.)And we are working to prevent and respond to gender-based violence, which puts women at higher risk for contracting the virus.And because women need more ways to protect themselves from HIV infection, last year we invested more than $90 million in research on microbicides.All these efforts will help close the health gap between women and men and lead to healthier families, communities, and nations as well.在我们所有的健康与开发工作中，美国都在强调性别平等，因为妇女在影响到其生活的决策中需要并应该发出自己的声音。（掌声）我们正在努力预防并应对性暴力，性暴力增加了妇女感染这种病毒的风险。由于妇女需要掌握更多的方法来预防感染艾滋病毒，我们去年投入了9000多万美元进行杀微生物剂的研究。所有这些努力帮助消除了女性与男性之间的健康差距，并使家庭、社区和国家更加健康。

If we’re going to create an AIDS-free generation, we also must address the needs of the people who are at the highest risk of contracting HIV.One recent study of female sex workers and those trafficked into prostitution in low and middle income-countries found that, on average, 12 percent of them were HIV-positive, far above the rates for women at large.And people who use injecting drugs account for about one third of all the people who acquire HIV outside of Sub-Saharan Africa.And in low-and middle income countries, studies suggest that HIV prevalence among men who have sex with male partners could be up to 19 times higher than among the general population.我们若要迎来无艾滋病的一代，还必须解决感染艾滋病毒的风险最高的人群的需求。最近一项对女性性工作者以及那些被贩运到低中收入国家从事卖淫活动的人员所进行的研究结果显示，这些人中平均有12%的人感染上了艾滋病毒，远远高过一般女性的感染率。除非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南地区外，所有艾滋病毒携带者中大约有三分之一的人为注射毒品使用者。研究显示，在低中收入国家中，男同性恋中的艾滋病毒流行率可能比一般人口高出19倍。

Now over the years, I have seen and experienced how difficult it can be to talk about a disease that is transmitted the way that AIDS is.But if we’re going to beat AIDS, we can’t afford to avoid sensitive conversations, and we can’t fail to reach the people who are at the highest risk.(Applause.)

多年来，我目睹并感受到，要谈论一种像艾滋病这样传播的疾病，是多么困难。然而如果我们要战胜艾滋病，就不能回避敏感的对话，我们不能置那些高危人口于不顾。（掌声）

Unfortunately, today very few countries monitor the quality of services delivered to these high-risk key populations.Fewer still rigorously assess whether the services provided actually prevent transmission or do anything to ensure that HIV-positive people in these groups get the care and treatment they need.Even worse, some take actions that, rather than discouraging risky behavior, actually drives more people into the shadows, where the epidemic is that much harder to fight.令人遗憾的是，今天很少有国家对向这些关键性的高危人口提供的服务进行监督。而对这些服务是否切实预防传播或是否有助于确保这些群体中的艾滋病毒携带者得到所需的治疗进行认真评估的国家就更少了。更有甚者，一些国家的所作所为不仅不杜绝风险行为，反而迫使更多的人陷入阴影之中，更难以对抗艾滋病疫情。

And the consequences are devastating for the people themselves and for the fight against HIV because when key groups are marginalized, the virus spreads rapidly within those groups and then also into the lower-risk general population.We are seeing this happen right now in Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia.Humans might discriminate, but viruses do not.这种后果对于感染者本人不堪设想，对于防治艾滋病的努力也是如此。当关键性群体被边缘化，该病毒在这些群体中传播的速度更快，然后又会危及低风险人口。我们看到东欧和东南亚正在发生这种情况。人类会区别对待，但病毒却一视同仁。

And there is an old saying that goes: “Why rob banks? Because that’s where the money is.” If we want to save more lives, we need to go where the virus is and get there as quickly as possible.(Applause.)

俗话说，“为何抢银行？因为那里有钱财。”如果我们想要挽救生命，就需要赶到疫区，并应当尽快赶去。(掌声)

And that means science should guide our efforts.So today I am announcing three new efforts by the United States Government to reach key populations.We will invest $15 million in implementation research to identify the specific interventions that are most effective for each key population.We are also launching a $20 million challenge fund that will support country-led plans to expand services for key populations.And finally, through the Robert Carr Civil Society Network Fund, we will invest $2 million to bolster the efforts of civil society groups to reach key populations.(Applause.)

这意味着，应以科学来指导我们的工作。因此，我今天宣布，美国政府将开展三项新工作，为关键性群体服务。我们将为落实研究投资1500万美元，以寻找对各个关键性群体最有效的具体干预手段。我们还将发起一项2000万美元的挑战基金，以支持国家主导的计划，扩大为关键性群体提供服务。最后，通过“罗伯特·卡尔公民社会网络基金”，我们将投资200万美元，以支持公民社会组织为关键性群体提供服务的努力。（掌声）

Now Americans are rightly proud of the leading role that our country plays in the fight against HIV/AIDS.And the world has learned a great deal through PEPFAR about what works and why.And we’ve also learned a great deal about the needs that are not being met and how everyone can and must work together to meet those needs.美国人民有理由对我国在抗击艾滋病毒/艾滋病的斗争中发挥的主导作用感到自豪。通过总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划，世界对哪些措施和项目奏效以及为什么奏效有了相当全面的了解。我们对哪些需求尚未得到满足以及大家如何并且必须通过共同努力来满足这些需求也有了相当全面的了解。

For our part, PEPFAR will remain at the center of America’s commitment to an AIDS-free generation.I have asked Ambassador Dr.Goosby to take the lead on developing and sharing our blueprint of the goals and objectives for the next phase of our effort and to release this blueprint by World AIDS Day this year.We want the next Congress, the next Secretary of State, and all of our partners here at home and around the world to have a clear picture of everything we’ve learned and a roadmap that shows what we will contribute to achieving an AIDS-free generation.就我们来说，总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划将继续是美国承诺实现无艾滋病一代的核心手段。我已经请我们的特使古斯比医生牵头制定并介绍我们下一阶段的工作目标和规划，并在今年世界艾滋病日公布这项规划。我们希望下一届国会、下一任国务卿以及我们在国内和世界各地的合作伙伴能够清楚地了解我们所积累的一切经验，并有一幅展示我们如何实现无艾滋病一代的蓝图。

Reaching this goal is a shared responsibility.It begins with what we can all do to help break the chain of mother-to-child transmission.And this takes leadership at every level – from investing in health care workers to removing the registration fees that discourage women from seeking care.And we need community and family leaders from grandmothers to religious leaders to encourage women to get tested and to demand treatment if they need it.实现这一目标是一项共同责任。其首要的一步是我们大家能做些什么来打破母婴传播链。这需要各层领导发挥作用——从投资于医疗保健人员的培训到取消妨碍妇女就医的登记费。我们需要从祖母到宗教领袖的社区和家庭领导者来鼓励妇女接受检查，并要求她们在需要治疗时寻求治疗。

We also all have a shared responsibility to support multilateral institutions like the Global Fund.In recent months, as the United States has stepped up our commitment, so have Saudi Arabia, Japan, Germany, the Gates Foundation, and others.I encourage other donors, especially in emerging economies, to increase their contributions to this essential organization.我们大家也负有支持全球基金等多边机构的共同责任。最近几个月来，随着美国加强了我们的承诺，沙特阿拉伯、日本、德国、盖茨基金会及其他方面也这么做了。我敦促其他捐助方——特别是新兴经济体的捐助方——增加他们对这个不可或缺的组织的捐助。

And then finally, we all have a shared responsibility to get serious about promoting country ownership – the end state where a nation’s efforts are led, implemented, and eventually paid for by its government, its communities, its civil society, its private sector.最后，我们大家有共同责任认真推进受援国的主导作用，即在一个国家内部开展的工作由这个国家的政府、社区、公民社会及私营部门来领导、展开并最终负担开支。

I spoke earlier about how the United States is supporting country ownership, but we also look to our partner countries and donors to do their part.They can follow the example of the last few years in South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, India, and other countries who are able to provide more and better care for their own people because they are committing more of their own resources to HIV/AIDS.(Applause.)And partner countries also need to take steps like fighting corruption and making sure their systems for approving drugs are as efficient as possible.我在前面谈到美国如何支持受援国发挥主导作用，但我们也期待我们的伙伴国及捐助方尽到其责任。他们可以效仿过去几年南非、纳米比亚、博茨瓦纳、印度和其他国家的榜样——这些国家为自己的人民提供了更多和更好的保健服务，因为它们正在将本国的更多资源用于防治艾滋病毒/艾滋病。（掌声）伙伴国家还必须采取其他一些措施，包括打击腐败和确保其药物审批系统尽可能提高效率。

I began today by recalling the last time this conference was held here in the United States, and I want to close by recalling another symbol of our cause, the AIDS Memorial Quilt.For a quarter-century, this quilt has been a source of solace and comfort for people around the world, a visible way to honor and remember, to mourn husbands and wives, brothers and sisters, sons and daughters, partners and friends.在今天的讲话开始时，我回顾了上次在美国举行这个大会的情况，现在我希望以回顾我们这项事业的另一个象征来结束讲话——这个象征就是艾滋病纪念毯。四分之一世纪以来，这条纪念毯始终为世界各地人民带来慰籍，以一种诉诸视觉的方式来纪念和缅怀丈夫和妻子、兄弟姐妹、儿子和女儿、伴侣和朋友。

Some of you have seen the parts of the quilt that are on view in Washington this week.I well remember the moment in 1996 when Bill and I went to the National Mall to see the quilt for ourselves.I had sent word ahead that I wanted to know where the names of friends I had lost were placed so that I could be sure to find them.When we saw how enormous the quilt was covering acres of ground, stretching from the Capitol building to the Washington Monument, it was devastating.And in the months and years that followed, the quilt kept growing.In fact, back in 1996 was the last time it could be displayed all at once.It just got too big.Too many people kept dying.你们中有些人已经看到这个星期在华盛顿展出的这条纪念毯的某些部分。我清楚地记得1996年我和比尔到国家大草坪去瞻仰这条纪念毯的时刻。我事先通知他们说，我想知道我失去的朋友的名字记载在哪里，以便我能够找到。当我们看到这个纪念毯如此巨大、从国会山一直延伸到华盛顿纪念碑时，真是肝肠寸断。在此后的数月和数年里，这个纪念毯不断延伸。事实上，1996年是可以完整展示这条纪念毯的最后一次。它变得太大了，有太多的人不断死去。

We are all here today because we want to bring about that moment when we stop adding names, when we can come to a gathering like this one and not talk about the fight against AIDS, but instead commemorate the birth of a generation that is free of AIDS.今天，我们大家聚集在这里，是因为我们希望迎来这样一个时刻——那时我们将不再需要添加更多的名字，我们来参加像这样的聚会不再是讨论如何抗击艾滋病，而是纪念无艾滋病的一代人的出生。

Now, that moment is still in the distance, but we know what road we need to take.We are closer to that destination than we’ve ever been, and as we continue on this journey together, we should be encouraged and inspired by the knowledge of how far we’ve already come.So today and throughout this week let us restore our own faith and renew our own purpose so we may together reach that goal of an AIDS-free generation and truly honor all of those who have been lost.那个时刻仍然遥远，但我们知道我们应当走的路，我们现在比以往任何时候都更接近那个目的地。当我们继续在这个征程上并肩跋涉之际，我们应当为我们已经走过的路程而感到振奋和鼓舞。因此，在今天和整个这一周里，让我们重振我们的信心和志向，以便共同实现无艾滋病一代的目标，以实实在在的方式向我们失去的所有的人表达敬意。

Thank you all very much.(Applause.)

多谢各位。（掌声

原文链接：http://

第三篇：克林顿国务卿在亚洲之行前夕发表讲话

2009.02.13 克林顿国务卿在亚洲之行前夕发表讲话（全文）

美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿(Hillary Rodham Clinton)2月13日下午在纽约亚洲协会（Asia Society）发表讲话，阐明上任后即前往亚洲四国访问的重要意义和美国的对亚洲政策。以下是克林顿国务卿讲话的全文和随后的问答内容摘要，由美国国务院国际信息局(IIP)翻译。-----------------美国国务院 发言人办公室

美国国务卿希拉里·罗德姆·克林顿 在纽约亚洲协会的讲话 2009年2月13日 纽约州纽约市

克林顿国务卿：谢谢你，维莎卡(Vishakha)。也谢谢约翰·桑顿(John Thornton)和杰米·梅茨尔(Jamie Metzl)及今天下午在这里聚会的理事们。我十分高兴能够回到这里，回到这座宏伟的大楼，有机会向你们致谢，感谢亚洲协会数十年来为加强美国与亚洲人民和政府之间的关系所做的工作。

在我开始讲话前，请允许我用片刻的时间对今天因大陆航空公司3407航班不幸遇难而丧失亲人的家庭、出事地点克拉伦斯中心(Clarence Center)的居民及整个布法罗(Buffalo)社区的人民表达我的哀思并与他们一起祈祷。我了解纽约州西部地区人民的力量和爱心，完全相信他们会同心协力、互相支持、度过这段困难时光。

我感到十分悲伤的是，我获悉在这批过早离开我们的人中间有贝弗莉·埃克特(Beverly Eckert)，她本人在9.11袭击中失去了丈夫。贝弗莉与我相识并成为我的朋友及许多纽约人的朋友，她曾为9.11事件受害者家属争取权益而不懈努力。她是9.11委员会(9/11 Commission)的主要发起者之一。我会思念她。我要当众感谢她在自己遭受不幸后所做的一切。

半个世纪前，当亚洲协会成立时，亚洲深陷冷战的僵局，贫困肆虐，前景苍凉。在亚洲内外，除冲突、占领和绝望，很少有人能够预见任何不同的未来。今天，我将要访问的亚洲各国生活在和平的环境里。亚洲正处在全世界许多创新与潮流的前沿。无论是今天还是在我们的未来，亚洲都是全球文化的贡献者、全球经济的强大动力以及一个对美国至关重要的地区。

在过去的30年间，我有幸前往一个十分不同的亚洲旅行。每当我回忆起那些访问，就好像一卷新旧图像交错的电影胶片在头脑中闪过。我想起[日本]京都典雅的寺庙、[蒙古]乌兰巴托郊外的游牧生活、[泰国]清莱省传统艺人制作的精美工艺品、[越南]河内、香港和[孟加拉国]达卡熙熙攘攘的市场、新加坡与马尼拉的豪华酒店、[中国]西安练艺的书法家、[韩国]首尔的古典服装和[印尼]雅加达的传统舞蹈、[印度]新德里拨响的锡塔琴。

我还看到了摩天大楼和工厂，城市开发走廊和高科技园区，研究设施和现代化医院；在这个大洲，如今法治和自由选举已经或者正在更成为常规，创业精神和发明创造已将很多经济体转变为全球经济重镇。

亚洲影响了几千年世界文明，也影响了我们的文化。我国是1300万亚裔美国公民的家园，我们的日常生活因亚洲文学和艺术、音乐和电影、食品和建筑、医学和科学、技术和价值观而变得丰富多彩。

今天，人们往往容易将注意力集中于互相依赖所带来的紧张和危险，但我却更愿意视我们的相互关联为一种机遇，促进富有活力和建设性的伙伴合作关系，既能迎接挑战，又能把握这一新世纪的期许。

这便是我今天要谈论的话题，即美国如何致力于外交和发展的新时代，运用明智的实力，与长期的同盟及新兴国家共同努力，寻求解决全球性共同问题的地区和全球方案。

正如我所说过的，美国不能单独解决世界问题，而世界没有美国也不能解决问题。同时，鉴于当今国际现实，我们的外交政策不能再仅仅是逐个针对各个国家或仅仅是将世界分成各个地区。通过明智的实力，我们将谋求建立能超越地域和政治疆界的伙伴合作关系。

在未来几个月里，我在会晤欧洲、拉丁美洲、中东和非洲的领导人时，将敦促加强双边、地区和全球合作；同样，我下周在东京、雅加达、首尔和北京与亚洲领导人会谈时将谋求更有力的接触交流。

我希望通过我以国务卿身份首先访问亚洲来表明，我们需要太平洋彼岸的强大伙伴，就如同我们需要大西洋彼岸的强大伙伴一样。我们毕竟既是一个跨大西洋大国，也是一个跨太平洋大国。

我国与我即将访问的每一个国家的关系，以及与整个亚太地区所有伙伴和盟国的关系，都对我国的安全与繁荣不可或缺。在考虑我们面临的金融动荡和经济紊乱、恐怖主义和大规模毁灭性武器、粮食安全和紧迫的健康问题、气候变化和能源脆弱性、无国家形态的犯罪集团和人性剥削等种种最严重的全球威胁时，有一点十分清楚，即这些威胁都不受国界和海洋的阻拦。大规模流行病既威胁雅加达的学童也威胁杰克逊维尔（美国佛罗里达州城市—译注）的学童。全球金融危机既使扎幌也使旧金山的银行帐户缩水。核扩散构成的危险既在广州也在华盛顿令人担忧。气候变化既影响中国湖南省农民也影响美国中西部农民的生计。这些危险影响我们所有人，因此，我们大家都必须为解决这些问题发挥作用。

因此，我前往亚洲，准备带去美国希望作出更有力和更坚定的承诺和接触的信息；准备与亚洲领导人进行合作，解决对太平洋地区和对任何其他地区具有同样威胁的经济危机；准备加强我们的传统伙伴关系和同盟关系，同时深化与所有国家的关系；准备帮助防止核武器在亚洲的扩散；准备扩大我们的共同努力，应对气候变化和清洁能源、大规模流行病和贫富不均等21世纪的挑战。

奥巴马政府还准备将我们的接触延伸到政府大楼和官方会议厅之外，尽管这些十分重要。我们准备与公民社会接触；让扶持良好治理、自由选举和自由媒体、更广泛的受教育机会、更强大的健保体系、宗教包容以及人权所需的基础更加巩固。我们准备倾听意见。积极听取伙伴们的意见不仅是表示尊重，而且也能成为思路的来源，为我们的共同努力增添动力。仅在不久前，我们的政府太经常地在考虑已有事实和证据或听取他人观点之前便本能地采取行动。但奥巴马总统和我本人致力于贯彻既非出于一时冲动也不基于意识形态，而是重视他人意见的外交政策。当我们有分歧时──而分歧肯定是会有的──我们会坦诚地予以讨论，并且明确那些会限制我们合作能力的因素。作为我们对话的一部分，在我们努力扩大人权，建立一个尊重人权的世界的过程中──在这个世界里，诺贝尔和平奖得主昂山素季(Aung San Suu Kyi)能够在自己的国家自由生活，北韩人民能够自由地选择自己的领导人，藏族人民和全体中国人民能够享有宗教自由而无需担心被起诉──我们既要求自己承担责任，也要求其他国家承担责任。

我们认为，今天存在的问题也带来机会。运用明智的实力要从实事求是地评估我们生活的世界入手。这要求我们必须，毫无少于其他国家地，承认我们自己对出现在眼前的种种全球问题所具有的责任。

请让我先谈谈首先触及我们并使我们遭受重创的这场全球金融危机。今天，美国各地的家庭在失去工作、住房、储蓄和梦想。但这场危机不仅威胁到我们。其后果也波及亚洲部分地区和世界其他地区。

我们最近听到韩国财政经济部新任长官预计韩国经济今年将收缩2%，可能会有20万人失业。中国政府上周进行的一项农村调查显示，中国总计1.3亿民工中有2000万人失业。日本一份新的分析报告也预测经济收缩幅度要比先前预计的高。印度尼西亚12月的出口额下降了20%以上，预期的增长幅度也减小。根据台湾的经济报告，其出口额空前下降了44%。整个亚洲对耐用商品的需求量均大幅度降低。

这场全球金融危机迫使各国在国内寻求解决途径。但我们任何人都不能一味闭门自省，以致忽略国际伙伴为稳定世界经济并促使我们所有人重新回到繁荣发展的道路上所必须发挥的关键作用。我们也不能急于以高筑贸易及其他壁垒的方式应对；我们必须始终致力于一个开放与公平的贸易体制。在我们国内，美国政府正在努力解决房屋市场危机并重建银行系统。国会估计将批准一套刺激方案，这套方案将成为几十年来旨在创造就业机会和提高收入的规模最大的政府举措。中国、澳大利亚和亚洲其他国家作出了积极反响。我们需要多台引擎同时启动，才能重新带动全球增长。

在11月于华盛顿举行的20国集团会议上，与会领导人承诺采取各项行动，从调整财政政策到强化国内监管。即将于4月在伦敦举行的下次20国集团会议将为我们提供一个充实这一承诺的机会。

除了这场金融危机外，其他种种议题也需要双边以及区域性和全球性方针。美国致力于保持我国在亚洲的传统安全同盟，并以这些同盟关系为基础，应对我们面临的错综复杂的全球威胁。令我非常高兴的是，日本和韩国本周已同意联合援助阿富汗的重建努力，这两个国家还继续协助我们保障全球安全，特别是抗击非洲之角的海盗活动。

我们有必要合力解决东北亚地区的稳定所面临的最严峻的挑战──北韩的核项目。奥巴马政府致力于推动六方会谈，我将同韩国、日本和中国商讨如何最有效地促使会谈重归正轨。我们相信存在着推动这些讨论的机会，但北韩必须停止对韩国发出任何挑衅行动和无益的言论。

北韩政府已承诺放弃全部核武器，尽早重新加入《不扩散核武器条约》(Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons)。我们继续要求他们履行上述承诺。如果北韩有诚意地准备全面地、可核实地取消其核武器项目，奥巴马政府愿意实现双边关系正常化，以一项永久性的和平条约取代朝鲜半岛多年来的停火协议，并帮助满足北韩人民的能源及其他经济需求。

在一个相关问题上，我将让我们的日本盟友放心，我们没有忘记被绑架到北韩的日本公民的家庭。我下个星期将在东京会晤其中的一些家庭成员。

气候变化问题和对清洁能源的需求要靠全球来解决。现在，气候变化不仅是一个环境或能源问题，而且关系到我们的健康和我们的经济以及我们的安全，浑然一体。

总统和我迅速任命一名美国气候变化问题特使反映了我们对待这一威胁的紧迫感。我下星期将率同斯特恩(Todd Stern)特使前往亚洲，开始进行我们希望将为展开合作创造机会的讨论。

我国一直是历史上最大的温室气体排放国，我们承认，我们必须率先努力减少有害气体的排放和建设低碳经济。但是我将访问的每一个国家也在这项努力中承担角色。我将向日本和韩国积极主张清洁能源，并寻求同印度尼西亚的合作途径。夏伟(Orville Schell)在本期《时代》周刊杂志中的评论中提醒我们，在清洁能源和提高效益方面的协作为深化美-中整体关系提供了一个真正机会。因此，我们将与中国方面辛勤努力，建立伙伴合作关系，提倡使用更清洁的能源、提高能源效益和进行有益于两国的技术转让，并且促进其他既保护环境、同时又推动经济增长的战略。在北京期间，我将参观利用通用电气和中国技术建造的清洁热电厂。它是一个我们所大量需要的创造就业、以及双边合作关系和公私合作关系的榜样。你们可能听我形容过，在国家安全的三D中──防务(defense)、外交(diplomacy)和发展(development)，国务院的工作占其中的两个方面。每一方面都对加强我们的利益和我们的安全至为关键，然而，发展的重要性往往被视为处于我国更大外交政策目标的边缘。在奥巴马政府任内不会重复这种情况。我们将在世界各地大力促进发展，为公民们——特别是边缘人口和妇女儿童——提供更多机会，使他们能够发挥天赋潜能，而我们恰认为这种努力将增进我们的共同安全利益。今天，亚洲的很大部分地区享有和平与繁荣，这在很大程度上与美国不无关系，在过去半个世纪里美国努力支持亚洲国家的政治、经济、安全和教育结盟。

我们在发生自然灾害时提供了协助，包括支持印尼海啸和缅甸飓风后的重建工作，我们为此感到自豪。印尼人民和政府化解了亚齐省的长期内乱，该局势一度威胁到国家的进步，他们还为实现东帝汶的和平与稳定作出了积极努力，对此我们表示赞赏。

印尼是亚洲最富有活力的国家之一。人民把热情和理想相结合，在这个国家建立了自由和公正的选举制度、自由的新闻媒体和朝气蓬勃的公民社会。妇女在印尼政府中发挥了显著作用。我们将支持印尼和这个地区积极倡导共有价值观的其他国家，我们也期待着同该地区的其他伙伴和朋友合作，例如我们的盟友泰国和菲律宾，还有新加坡、马来西亚和越南，以确保东盟能够实践宪章，展示该地区在经济、政治、人权和社会问题上的领导能力。

我还要感谢澳大利亚几十年来所发挥的领导作用和友谊。虽然我此行不能访问澳大利亚，但我们知道澳大利亚是我们在世界上最可信赖的盟友之一。我们都从新闻报道中看到，过去一周内野火给维多利亚州造成了巨大损失。奥巴马总统和陆克文总理通过电话讨论了目前的状况。我们已经派出森林火灾方面的专家帮助澳大利亚人民。我们希望澳大利亚的朋友们确知，我们和他们一道哀悼在这场悲剧中逝去的无辜生命。我们在过去共同努力，还将在未来携手前进，为此，我们心存感激。

我现在向大家简要介绍一下我将在下周讨论的一些关键性问题。我按照访问的国家顺序逐一介绍，从我此行的第一站日本开始。明年，我们与日本的安全联盟将满50年，该联盟一直是并且必须继续是不可动摇的。在东京，我将签署《关岛国际协议》（Guam International Agreement）。根据该协议，将有8000名美军从冲绳转移至关岛，以使我们的安全联盟能够应对目前的挑战。另外，日本在解决巴基斯坦经济危机方面正在发挥更大的领导作用，还参与太空探索、疾病治疗、救助世界各地的灾民等项集体努力。日本应为此受到赞誉。我们预期进一步加强与日本的伙伴关系，以帮助维护亚洲的和平与稳定，日益加强关注全球性挑战，例如灾害救助、推动阿富汗和巴基斯坦的女童教育和减轻非洲的贫困。我们还将注重与印尼的合作，我们认为与印尼的合作大有潜力。不必我说，我们的新总统在印尼广为人知，深受钦佩。我们现在有机会加强在教育、能源和食品安全方面的伙伴关系。印尼政府还建议与美国建立更深的伙伴关系。这种设想反映了在共同关心的领域中的一种积极做法，我们决心制订具体的日程，与印尼共建这种伙伴关系。

韩国历来是我们最坚定的盟友之一。毫无疑问，凡是追踪韩国历史的人都会和我一样对韩国从上一个世纪的停滞状态转变至生机勃勃的今天感到赞叹。美国和韩国都将坚定不移地以互惠的方式扩大贸易。我们将为实现该目标共同努力。作为亚洲协会的会员，各位深知中国的重要性，深知我们与中国保持积极的合作关系至关重要。这不仅关系到亚太地区的和平与繁荣，而且关系到全球的和平与繁荣。在过去二十年的经济增长中，我们与中国的经济往来有目共睹。在目前困难的经济形势下，在种种——我是说——在我们面临的种种全球性挑战下，这种重要性更加明显，这些挑战包括核安全、气候变化、大规模流行病等等。那么，有些人认为崛起的中国一定是一个对手。然而，正相反，我们认为美国和中国都能够从对方的成功中受益，也都能够为对方的成功作出贡献。就共同关心的领域和共有的机会作出更大努力符合双方的利益。中国已经在多方面发挥了积极的作用，例如主持六方会谈和参加国际维和工作。我可以在此欣慰地宣布，我们两国在这个月晚些时候将恢复军方中层会谈。我们期待着台湾海峡两岸的关系进一步改善。

即使我们之间存在分歧，美国仍将致力于寻求与中国发展建设性关系，我们认为这种关系对未来美国的和平、进步与繁荣至关重要。

中国古代有个故事，讲的是战国时期两个交战国的士兵在风雨中同乘一条船横渡大江。他们没有厮杀，而是同心协力，因此得以幸存。中国有一个源于这个故事的成语，叫做“同舟共济”。今天，这个成语中蕴含的智慧必须继续为我们引路指航。

因此，在星期天动身前往亚洲时，我肩负着坚定的承诺，将与太平洋彼岸的合作伙伴们共同辛勤努力，加强我们的交往，以便再次取得过去半个世纪中具有积极意义的转变，并在本世纪中使之更加巩固，更加明显。我们面临一个这样的机会，我希望我们能够把握这个机会，但不能仅仅依赖政府去做，还要靠全国各地的美国人，包括今天在座的亚洲协会的会员们、民营部门、学术界、劳工和专业人士、非政府组织。让我们下定决心，主动联系，积极回应，相互谅解，作出承诺。这样，我们不仅会加深理解，而且将采取积极的行动，改善我们本国人民以及今天亚洲人民的生活。非常感谢大家。(掌声)（讲话全文结束）--------------------以下是克林顿国务卿在讲话结束后同与会者的问答摘要： 德赛女士：……第一个问题非常简单，但我们很想听你谈谈作为国务卿，你认为首先访问亚洲，而不是其他地区的重大意义是什么？

克林顿国务卿：我认为这明确地显示出我们这届新政府希望集中大量的时间和精力同亚洲伙伴和太平洋地区的所有国家合作，因为我们清楚，我们的未来在很大程度上取决于我们与该地区的关系。我们也同样清楚，我们应对目前所面临的多种全球挑战的能力取决于该地区的决策。因此，我作出这个决定并不难。很显然，我们要集中精力应对今天存在于我们面前的很多问题。

实际上，我到国务院赴任的第一天，也是本届政府就职的第二天，奥巴马总统和拜登副总统就双双亲临国务院，根据我的要求宣布任命米切尔(George Mitchell)为中东事务特使，霍尔布鲁克(Richard Holbrooke)为阿富汗和巴基斯坦事务特使。因此，我们显然重视全世界多个地区。

我们目前正准备参加即将在欧洲举行的北约首脑会议。我将于3月2日前往开罗，出席由埃及主持的为加沙人民提供人道主义援助的捐助国会议。我将帮助安排我们参加定于4月举行的美洲国家首脑会议的事宜，这次会议对于我们的南部邻国以及我们本国都将非常重要。在非洲，我们正在努力应对很多挑战。世界如此广大，我们有很多工作要做。而且，我认为人们普遍感到我们最近几年对亚洲的重视似乎不够，因为我们的注意力被世界其他地区占据。因此，我希望在一开始就显示出我们对该地区的重视。

德赛女士：谢谢你。上述问题是德国广播公司驻华盛顿记者金德尔(Robert Kindle)提出的。

下一个问题是我们常驻旧金山的副会长沃兹沃思(Jack Wadsworth)提出的。他的问题是，我复述一下大意，在保尔森-布什时期，美中对话的首要议题是经济。你对扩大对话议程的风险或潜在益处有何见解？

克林顿国务卿：这个问题提得很好，表述得也很恰当。我和盖特纳部长已经当面谈过这个问题，因为我们认为国务院和财政部应当在美国和中国需要讨论的广泛议题上发挥相辅相成的作用。我们认为这能为我们提供在政府所有层次同时展开接触的机会。至于我们如何制定这些对话的框架，将是我下周要同中国领导人讨论的问题。但我们必须真正理解我们共同关注的问题的广度和深度。

你们都听我提到了能源和环境变化问题。我已经说过，我们历来都是排放大国，而中国刚刚超过我们。他们现在是头号排放大国。这对于医疗保健和生活质量指数以及经济和其他诸多方面都产生了极为直接的影响。因此，我们希望进行非常广泛的磋商。至于磋商的框架，我们将同中国共同制定。(问答摘要完)13 February 2009 Remarks by Secretary Clinton at Asia Society in New York Clinton looks forward to working with trans-Pacific partners on Asia trip

(begin transcript)U.S.DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman February 13, 2009 REMARKS Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton at the Asia Society February 13, 2009 New York, New York SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you, Vishakha, and thanks also to John Thornton and Jamie Metzl and the board members who are gathered here this afternoon.It is a great pleasure to be back here in this magnificent building and to have the chance to thank you for the Asia Society’s work over many decades to strengthen the relationship between America and the people and governments of Asia.Before I begin, let me just take a moment to say that my thoughts and prayers today are with the families who lost loved ones in the tragic crash of Continental Flight 3407, with those who live in Clarence Center where this tragedy occurred, and with the entire Buffalo community.I know the strength and compassion of the people of western New York and have no doubt that they will pull together and support each other through this difficult time.I was deeply saddened to learn that among those who were taken from us too soon was Beverly Eckert, who herself lost her husband in the attacks of September 11th.Beverly became known to me and a friend to me and to many New Yorkers for her tireless advocacy for the families of the victims of 9/11, and she was one of the principal champions of the idea of the creation of the 9/11 Commission.I will miss her, and I want to just publicly thank her for all she did in the midst of her own tragedy.A half century ago when the Asia Society was founded, Asia was frozen in a cold war, wracked by poverty, and seemingly destined for desolation.Few in or outside of Asia’s borders foresaw anything but a future of conflict, occupation, and despair.Today, the countries I will visit are at peace.Asia is on the cutting edge of so many of the world’s innovations and trends.It is a contributor to global culture, a global economic power, and a region of vital importance to the United States today and into our future.Over the past 30 years, I’ve had the privilege of traveling to a very different Asia.Whenever I think back on my visits, it’s as if a movie reel of images, old and new, were running through my head.I think of the elegant temples of Kyoto, or the rituals of nomadic life outside Ulaanbaatar, the intricate handwork of traditional craftspeople in Chiang Rai, the vibrant markets of Hanoi, Hong Kong, and Dhaka;the grand hotels of Singapore and Manila, the calligraphers practicing their art in Xi’an, the historic dress of Seoul and the traditional dances of Jakarta, or the strum of the sitar in New Delhi.And I’ve seen also the skyscrapers and factories, the urban corridors and high-tech campuses, the research facilities and modern hospitals – a continent where, now, more often than not, the rule of law and free elections have become or are in the process of becoming the norm, where entrepreneurship and innovation have transformed economies into global economic powers.Asia has influenced world civilization for millennia, as it has our own culture.Our nation is home to 13 million Asian American citizens, and our daily life is so enriched by Asian literature and art, by music and movies, by food and architecture, medicine and science, technology and values.Today, it is tempting to focus our attention on the tensions and perils of our interdependence, but I prefer to view our connectedness as an opportunity for dynamic and productive partnerships that can address both the challenge and the promise of this new century.And that’s what I want to talk about today, how the United States is committed to a new era of diplomacy and development in which we will use smart power to work with historic allies and emerging nations to find regional and global solutions to common global problems.As I’ve said before, America cannot solve the problems of the world alone, and the world cannot solve them without America.At the same time, given the realities of today’s world, we can no longer approach our foreign policy solely country by country, or simply by carving the world into separate regions.With smart power, we will seek to build partnerships that transcend geographic and political boundaries.In the months ahead, I will press for stronger bilateral, regional, and global cooperation when I meet with leaders of Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa, just as I will seek more robust engagement in my discussions with Asian leaders in Tokyo, Jakarta, Seoul, and Beijing next week.In making my first trip as Secretary of State to Asia, I hope to signal that we need strong partners across the Pacific, just as we need strong partners across the Atlantic.We are, after all, both a transatlantic and a transpacific power.Our relationships with each of the countries I’m visiting, and with all of our partners and allies throughout Asia and the Pacific, are indispensable to our security and prosperity.When we consider the gravest global threats confronting us – financial instability and economic dislocation, terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, food security and health emergencies, climate change and energy vulnerability, stateless criminal cartels and human exploitation – it is clear that these threats do not stop at borders or oceans.Pandemics threaten school children in Jakarta and Jacksonville.Global financial crises shrink bank accounts in Sapporo and San Francisco.The dangers posed by nuclear proliferation create worries in Guangzhou as well as Washington.And climate change affects the livelihoods of farmers in China’s Hunan province and in America’s Midwest.These dangers affect us all, and therefore we all must play a role in addressing them.So I leave for Asia ready to deliver a message about America’s desire for more rigorous and persistent commitment and engagement, ready to work with leaders in Asia to resolve the economic crisis that threatens the Pacific as much as any other region, ready to strengthen our historic partnerships and alliances while developing deeper bonds with all nations, ready to help prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons in Asia, ready to expand our combined efforts on 21st century challenges like climate change and clean energy, pandemics, and income inequality.In the Obama Administration, we are also ready to reach beyond ministerial buildings and official meeting halls, as important as those are.We’re ready to engage civil society to strengthen the foundations needed to support good governance, free elections, and a free press, wider educational opportunities, stronger healthcare systems, religious tolerance, and human rights.And we are ready to listen.Actively listening to our partners isn’t just a way of demonstrating respect.It can also be a source of ideas to fuel our common efforts.Too often in the recent past, our government has acted reflexively before considering available facts and evidence, or hearing the perspectives of others.But President Obama and I are committed to a foreign policy that is neither impulsive nor ideological, one that values what others have to say.And when we have differences, which we will, we will discuss them frankly and specify those which limit our capacity to cooperate.As part of our dialogues, we will hold ourselves and others accountable as we work to expand human rights and create a world that respects those rights, one where Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi can live freely in her own country, where the people of North Korea can freely choose their own leaders, and where Tibetans and all Chinese people can enjoy religious freedom without fear of prosecution.Existing problems today, we believe, are opportunities as well.Exercising smart power begins with realistic assessments of the world we inhabit.And this obliges us, no less than other nations, to acknowledge our own contributions to the global problems we face.Let me start with the global financial crisis that hit us first and hit us deeply.Across the United States today, families are losing jobs, homes, savings, and dreams.But this is not our crisis alone.Its repercussions are also being felt in parts of Asia and elsewhere around the world.We have recently heard forecasts from South Korea’s new finance minister that their economy will shrink by 2 percent this year, with 200,000 jobs potentially lost.A Chinese Government survey of villages last week reported that 20 million of the nation’s 130 million migrant workers are unemployed.In Japan, a new analysis predicts a larger economic contraction than previously forecast.Indonesia’s exports fell by more than 20 percent in December as growth estimates have also fallen.And Taiwan’s economy reported a record 44 percent drop in exports.Throughout Asia, the demand for durable goods is way down.The global financial crisis requires every nation to look inward for solutions, but none of us can afford to become so introspective that we overlook the critical role that international partnerships must play in stabilizing the world’s economy and putting all of us back on the path to prosperity.And we cannot respond with a race to erect trade and other barriers.We must remain committed to a system of open and fair trade.Here at home, our government is working to address the housing crisis and restore the banking system.Congress is expected to pass a stimulus package that represents the largest government effort in a generation to create jobs and increase incomes.China, Australia, and others in Asia are responding vigorously.We need multiple engines working together to reignite global growth.At the G-20 meeting in Washington in November, leaders pledged to take actions from adjusting fiscal policy to strengthening domestic regulation.The upcoming G-20 meeting in April in London will provide us with an opportunity to build on that pledge.Like the financial crisis, other issues also require bilateral as well as regional and global approaches.The United States is committed to maintaining our historic security alliances in Asia and building on those relationships to counter the complex global threats we face.I’m very pleased that Japan and South Korea this week agreed to joint assistance for reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan, and that both countries continue to work with us on global security, especially in combating piracy off the Horn of Africa.We will need to work together to address the most acute challenge to stability in Northeast Asia, North Korea’s nuclear program.The Obama Administration is committed to working through the Six-Party Talks, and I will discuss with South Korea, Japan, and China how best to get the negotiations back on track.We believe we have an opportunity to move these discussions forward, but it is incumbent upon North Korea to avoid any provocative action and unhelpful rhetoric toward South Korea.The North Korean Government has committed to abandoning all nuclear weapons and to return at an early date to the Treaty on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons.We continue to hold them to those commitments.If North Korea is genuinely prepared to completely and verifiably eliminate their nuclear weapons program, the Obama Administration will be willing to normalize bilateral relations, replace the peninsula’s longstanding armistice agreements with a permanent peace treaty, and assist in meeting the energy and other economic needs of the North Korean people.On a related matter, I will assure our allies in Japan that we have not forgotten the families of Japanese citizens abducted to North Korea.And I will meet with some of those families in Tokyo next week.Global solutions are essential to addressing climate change and the need for clean sources of energy.Now, climate change is not just an environmental nor an energy issue, it also has implications for our health and our economies and our security, all wrapped up in one.The rapid appointment that the President and I made of a United States Special Envoy for Climate Change reflects the seriousness we feel about dealing with this urgent threat.And I will be taking Special Envoy Todd Stern with me to Asia next week to begin the discussions that we hope will create the opportunities for cooperation.Now, our nation has been the largest historic emitter of greenhouse gases, and we acknowledge that we must lead efforts to cut harmful emissions and build a lower-carbon economy.But each of the countries that I’m visiting also have a role to play in this effort.I will press the case for clean energy in both Japan and South Korea, and look for ways to work with Indonesia as well.Orville Schell’s commentary in Time magazine this week reminds us that collaboration on clean energy and greater efficiency offers a real opportunity to deepen the overall U.S.-Chinese relationship.So we will work hard with the Chinese to create partnerships that promote cleaner energy sources, greater energy efficiency, technology transfers that can benefit both countries, and other strategies that simultaneously protect the environment and promote economic growth.While in Beijing, I will visit a clean thermal power plant built with GE and Chinese technology.It serves as an example of the kind of job-creating, bilateral, public-private collaboration that we need so much more of.Now, you may have heard me describe the portfolio of the State Department as including two of national security’s three Ds: defense, diplomacy, and development.Each is essential to advancing our interests and our security.Yet too often, development is regarded as peripheral to our larger foreign policy objectives.This will not be the case in the Obama Administration.We will energetically promote development around the world to expand opportunities that enable citizens, particularly on the margins, and particularly women and children, to fulfill their God-given potential, which we happen to believe will advance our shared security interests.That much of Asia enjoys peace and prosperity today is due in no small part to American efforts over the last half century to support political, economic, security, and educational alliances with Asian nations.We are proud to have lent American assistance in response to natural disasters, including rebuilding efforts after the tsunami in Indonesia and the cyclone in Burma.And we commend the Indonesian people and government for settling longstanding civil conflict in Aceh that threatened the country’s progress, and for similar positive efforts to achieve peace and stability that are working in Timor-Leste.Indonesia is one of Asia’s most dynamic nations, where human energy and aspiration combine to help lead the country to a free and fair system of elections, a free press, a robust civil society, and a prominent role for women in the Indonesian Government.We will support Indonesia and other countries in the region that are actively promoting shared values.And we look forward to working with our other partners and friends in the regions, allies like Thailand and the Philippines, along with Singapore, Malaysia, and Vietnam, to ensure that ASEAN can live up to its charter, to demonstrate the region’s capacity for leadership on economic, political, human rights, and social issues.Let me also thank Australia for its leadership and friendship over decades.While I’m not able to visit Australia on this trip, we know that Australia is one of our most trusted allies in the world.And as we have all seen in the news, wildfires have devastated the state of Victoria during the past week.President Obama and Prime Minister Rudd have discussed the situation by phone.And we have sent forest fire specialists to help the Australians out.We want our Australian friends to know that we mourn with them over the loss of innocent lives in this tragedy, and we remain grateful for our work together in the past and what we will do together in the future.Let me now give you a brief rundown of some of the key issues that I will be addressing next week, country by country, starting with my first stop in Japan.Our security alliance with Japan, 50 years old next year, has been, and must remain, unshakable.In Tokyo, I will sign the Guam International Agreement, which will position our security alliance to meet the challenges of this time by moving 8,000 American troops from Okinawa to Guam.Japan is also to be commended for taking on a bigger leadership role in addressing the economic crisis in Pakistan and for working on collaborative efforts to explore space, cure disease, and offer relief to victims of disasters around the world.We anticipate an even stronger partnership with Japan that helps preserve the peace and stability of Asia and increasingly focuses on global challenges, from disaster relief to advancing education for girls in Afghanistan and Pakistan to alleviating poverty in Africa.We also will focus on the very fertile ground for cooperation that we believe exists with Indonesia.I don’t need to remind you that our new President is well known and much admired there.We now have an opportunity for stronger partnerships on education, energy, and food security.The Indonesian Government has also suggested the creation of a deeper partnership with the United States.This idea represents a positive approach to areas of common concern, and we are committed to working with Indonesia to pursue such a partnership with a concrete agenda.In South Korea, we will be visiting with one of our staunchest historic allies.And certainly, everyone who has followed the history of South Korea joins me in admiration for the transition that we have observed from static conditions of the past century to the dynamic state that South Korea finds itself in today.The United States and South Korea are both committed to expanding trade in a manner that benefits both of our countries, and we will work together to that end.As members of the Asia Society, you know very well how important China is and how essential it is that we have a positive, cooperative relationship.It is vital to peace and prosperity, not only in the Asia-Pacific region, but worldwide.Our mutual economic engagement with China was evident during the economic growth of the past two decades.It is even clearer now in economic hard times and in the array – excuse me – in the array of global challenges we face, from nuclear security to climate change to pandemic disease and so much else.Now, some believe that China on the rise is, by definition, an adversary.To the contrary, we believe that the United States and China can benefit from and contribute to each other’s successes.It is in our interest to work harder to build on areas of common concern and shared opportunities.China has already asserted itself in positive ways as chair of the Six-Party Talks and in its participation in international peacekeeping efforts.And our two countries, I’m happy to say, will resume mid-level military-to-military discussions later this month.And we look forward to further improved relations across the Taiwan Strait.Even with our differences, the United States will remain committed to pursuing a positive relationship with China, one that we believe is essential to America’s future peace, progress, and prosperity.An ancient Chinese story tells of warring feudal states, whose soldiers find themselves on a boat together crossing a wide river in a storm.Instead of fighting one another, they work together and survive.Now, from this story comes a Chinese aphorism that says, “When you are in a common boat, you need to cross the river peacefully together.” The wisdom of that aphorism must continue to guide us today.So I will leave for Asia Sunday with a firm commitment to work very hard with our partners across the Pacific, to strengthen our engagement so that the positive transformations of the past half-century are replicated, mirrored, made stronger and more obvious in this century.We have such an opportunity that I hope we will seize, but it is not just up to our government to do so.It is also up to Americans across our country, those of you here in the Asia Society, in the private sector, in academia, in labor and the professions, in nongovernmental organizations all.Let us commit ourselves to providing the kind of outreach and responsiveness, understanding, and commitment that will lead not just to a better understanding, but positive actions to improve the lives of our own people here and those who live in Asia today.Thank you all very much.(Applause.)MS.DESAI: My goodness.SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you.(Applause.)MS.DESAI: Please stay seated for a little while longer.First of all, thank you so much for such an amazing, encompassing speech that I know is going to be heard around the world, as it is being heard now.The Secretary has actually agreed to take a few questions.I want to just remind you all that we really want to focus on East Asia.So those of who say, “How come she didn’t say anything about India,” we’re not doing it now –(laughter)– just so you know.Because there’s another time.And the fact is that the Special Representative Richard Holbrooke is actually in South Asia now, and we don’t want all of our heavy power all to be in the same place at the same time.So do not ask those questions.And what I’m going to do is that we actually have questions from online audience, as well as here, and we have selected a few to see if you would give some answers.The first one is very simple, but we would love to hear from you about what you think is the significance of having your first trip as Secretary of State to Asia and not somewhere else? SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, I believe it demonstrates clearly that our new Administration wants to focus a lot of time and energy in working with Asian partners and all the nations in the Pacific region because we know that so much of our future depends upon our relationships there.And we equally know that our capacity to solve a lot of the global challenges that we’re confronting depends upon decisions that are made there.So it was an easy choice for me to make.Obviously, we are focused on the many problems that exist today that we’re confronting.Right off the bat, actually, the very first day I walked into the State Department and the second day of his Administration, both President Obama and Vice President Biden came to the State Department to make the announcements that I had asked them to do, naming George Mitchell as our Special Envoy to the Middle East and Richard Holbrooke as our Special Representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan.So clearly, we are focused on many parts of the world.We are in preparation right now for the NATO Summit that will be coming up in Europe.I will be going to Cairo on March the 2nd for the Donors Conference that Egypt is hosting on humanitarian aid for the people of Gaza.I will be helping to tee up what we do with the Summit of Americas that is coming in April that will be very important for our neighbors to the south, as well as ourself.We have a lot of challenges in Africa that we are working hard to address.So it’s a big world, and we have a lot of work to do.And I think there has been a general feeling that perhaps we didn’t pay an appropriate amount of attention to Asia over the last years, being very preoccupied with other parts of the world, so I wanted to start at the very beginning demonstrating our commitment there.MS.DESAI: Thank you.That was from Robert Kindle of ARD German Broadcasting from Washington, D.C.The next question is from our own Vice Chair sitting in San Francisco, Jack Wadsworth.And he’s asking, and I will paraphrase the question, that under the Paulson-Bush era, the primary focus of U.S.-China dialogue has been economic.What do you think are the risks or potential benefits of broadening this agenda? SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, it’s an excellent question, and it’s a apt description.Secretary Geithner and I have already met about this because we believe that the Department of State and the Treasury Department should be playing a mutually reinforcing role with respect to the broad range of issues that the United States and China should be discussing.We think that this provides us with the opportunity to engage at all levels of government simultaneously.How we’re going to structure those dialogues is something that I will be discussing with the Chinese leadership this coming week.But it is important that we understand how broad and deep the concerns that we share truly are.You know, I made a reference to energy and climate change.We are, as I said, the historically largest emitter, but China has just surpassed us.They are now the largest emitter.And this has such direct effects on healthcare and indices of quality of life, as well as the economy and so much else.So we want to have a very broad discussion.How we structure it is something we’re going to work out mutually with the Chinese.MS.DESAI: Well, sometimes people have said that since Secretary Geithner would be so focused on the economic stimulus package here and what happens at home, does that mean that State will actually take more of a leadership responsibility for the organization of these under your leadership? SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, we know that the Secretary, along with much of the rest of our government, is focused on getting our own economy up and going.But what we can do and the sequencing of how effective our recovery will be is very intimately connected with what the Chinese are doing and the decisions they’re making.So the economic dialogue is a broad one to start with.There are aspects of it that I think, you know, very much belong within the Treasury portfolio.But there are other aspects which cut across the entire range of issues that we would like to address with the Chinese.So that’s why Secretary Geithner and I have been working out our own approach.There have always been, alongside the strategic economic dialogue that Treasury led during the Bush Administration, senior dialogues on a range of issues, plus defense-related discussions.So there’s been a lot going on, but partly out of choices that were made in the last eight years, the economic dialogue, led by the Treasury Department, really did assume a larger role than a lot of these other concerns.And we think that it is in our mutual interest to work out a way that all of these important issues are discussed on an ongoing basis, and that’s what we intend to do.MS.DESAI: Well, I must say from the Asia Society perspective, it’s wonderful that you and the Obama Administration generally have focused so much on climate change because of our own work under the leadership of Orville Schell.But I should also tell you that Tim Geithner happens to be a good friend of this institution because Peter, his father, who is the head of the Asia region in Ford Foundation, was also a good friend.So we’re delighted that you will be working together, and we hope he will be here as well.SECRETARY CLINTON: I will extend the invitation.MS.DESAI: Right.Thank you.(Laughter.)SECRETARY CLINTON: I don’t know if they’ll let him out of Washington for anything--MS.DESAI: Not yet.Not yet.SECRETARY CLINTON:--anything yet.MS.DESAI: This is an interesting question.North Korean Philharmonic wants to hold a concert in New York, in response to when the New York Philharmonic went there.Is there any condition in changing the atmosphere before such visas could be granted? SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, I am hopeful that we will be able to engage the North Korean Government in the kind of serious discussion that I referred to in my remarks, one that could lead with their fulfilling their commitments regarding denuclearization and nonproliferation to bilateral relations and opportunities for the kind of normalization that I think many would hope to see.So much of it depends upon the choices that they make.But we will look at all of these individual decisions – like the Philharmonic coming here, for example – and consider whether or not that does help us to try to change the atmosphere to increase the connections between North Koreans, and certainly, Americans get it off of just the government-to-government Six-Party Talk and bilateral discussions that have been the, you know, predominant or only way of that kind of formal relationship.So much of it depends upon the choices that the North Korean Government makes.And certainly, we are hopeful that they will not engage in provocative actions and words that could create a much more difficult path for us to walk with them.MS.DESAI: This is about the Bretton Woods Institution.Some experts have called for a revision of the Bretton Woods Institution and the UN – especially the Security Council, as you know – so that it would account primarily also for the increasing role of Asian states in global, economic and political affairs.How, if at all, do you think these institutions might accommodate and engage a rising Asia? SECRETARY CLINTON: I think the discussions that have been started in the G-20 and also at the G-8 level, as well as within multilateral institutions like the IMF, the World Bank, the WTO, as well as within governments, should vigorously consider and debate whether we need new institutions, whether we need to, you know, reframe some of the regulatory processes that need to be in place.This should all be on the table, and I know that certainly, the Obama Administration is going to be implementing new regulations in our own economy that we think will make the free market work better and be more effective without the kind of distortion and interference that some of the decisions that we’ve seen over the last several years have caused.So I think that there is a great – a great receptivity, but the devil is in the details, and there hasn’t been the kind of hard work yet done to determine whether the – you know, the son of Bretton Woods is a realistic possibility or not.And I’m hoping that that will be part of the broader agenda.I know it’s on the minds of the President and the Treasury Secretary and the National Economic Council led by Larry Summers.So from my perspective, I think it’s important for the United States to lead and rebuild confidence in our own markets to demonstrate that we’ve learned the lessons that the last months have unfortunately brought home to us, in order to both answer the legitimate criticism from others around the world and assuage their concerns about our economic position.In order to continue to be the preeminent economic power in the United States, we have to take actions here that will position us for that kind of future.And I hope that with the President’s leadership, you’ll see that happen.MS.DESAI: As you have said numerous times, actually, that often in Asia, people have said after their last financial crisis that we gave them lots of advice on what to do.And many Asians now come back and say, “But America hasn’t followed its own advice.” And therefore, we have to reclaim that position again--SECRETARY CLINTON: That’s right.MS.DESAI:--of credibility.It’s important.SECRETARY CLINTON: I think that – I mean, everyone talks about our current financial crisis as being as much one of confidence and trust as of, you know, credit.And I really believe that we’ve got to take steps here in order to demonstrate exactly what Vishakha is saying, that we’ve cleaned up our own house and we’ve done it in a smart way, where we haven’t crippled our capacity to, you know, be the global, you know, credit center, to be a market maker, to do all that is done so well historically in this city.But you don’t have to travel very far to hear the voices of doubt and even the explicit criticism coming from the leaders of other countries.And it’s my hope that, you know, again, we’ll have a public-private partnership to address these concerns, answer them, and, you know, lead the global recovery so that we can once again, you know, be promoting and creating prosperity here at home as well as around the world.MS.DESAI: This question is partly related, but somewhat different, and this question is from Michele Ehlers and she’s a co-founder of Global Visionary – Global Leadership Network in Fremont, California.And her question is: How can we upgrade our American dream to a global vision that the earth can sustain and that is supportable for every human being? If we Americans wish to be known for our leadership in the world and be recognized as true partners in global development, we need to take on a new model of life that’s sustainable and possible for every human being.How can you best advocate that? SECRETARY CLINTON: That’s a great question, and it was a question that maybe five years ago would have been, you know, thought of as kind of touchy-feely, to be honest about it –(laughter)– and would not have been entertained seriously in a lot of the boardrooms and the decision-makers’ meetings and halls of legislatures.But I think it is an issue that we have to be smart about addressing.You see, the threat of global climate change, the intimidation created as we’ve seen in Europe by control over energy supplies, the fear that globalization has not spread its benefits broadly and deeply enough, those are all opportunities for Americans, primarily in the private sector and also in our government, to start kind of solving these problems, and to do so with the same level of energy and ingenuity that we have brought to problems in the past.We have such an opportunity here, and I’m hoping that, you know, some of the provisions that made their way through the difficult negotiations over the stimulus package will have the result of helping to jumpstart and support research.We’ve got to get back to supporting basic science in America.It’s one of our greatest advantages.And we have not been keeping up with our potential for leading the way in science, technology, and research.So I would hope that the answer to the question asked doesn’t, in any Americans’ minds, sort of create the image that somehow, we would have to give up our way of life.I mean, that seems to always end up being the debate, that, you know, this will be economically ruinous for us, this will cause us to fall behind, we’ll lose out in what the American dream should be, in a material sense.And I just don’t buy that.I don’t believe that is the way forward.Now, do we have to change some of how we live? Yes.But, you know, changing to compact fluorescent bulbs is not the kind of sacrifice that is going to undermine the quality of our life.(Laughter.)You know, it--MS.DESAI: You know, in Australia, now they already have made that as a law.SECRETARY CLINTON: That’s right.MS.DESAI: You know, so--SECRETARY CLINTON: That’s right.And so I think there’s – you know, you can go from the small steps that each of us can take, which, in the aggregate, would add up to significant changes, to the kind of governmental driven decisions that you’ll see more of in the Obama Administration.Our new Secretary of Energy Steven Chu is absolutely focused on how he can make the case that changes in our uses of energy, and in how we both create it and deliver it, would go a long way toward enabling us to live a better, more sustainable life.You know, even though the legislative changes that have been made in California over the last 35 years have resulted in a lower per capita usage of electricity than in the rest of the country – and I don’t think people in California feel like they’re deprived.So part of what we have to do is have the leadership in both the public and the private sectors look to academia – you know, ask for good ideas – and then begin implementing them, and do so with courage and a pioneering spirit.You know, we are supposed to be the problem solvers.You know, that’s who we’re supposed to be.And it’s time, when we face these global challenges, we demonstrate that that’s who we continue to be.And I’m excited by it.I think, you know, our children and our children’s children will live very well if we make the right decisions now.And if we don’t, I don’t think we can look them in the eyes and make that claim, and I don’t want to live like that as an American.I think it’s far preferable that we step up to our responsibilities, and I know that’s what the President is trying to encourage us to do.MS.DESAI: Well, it’s sort of – you talk about smart power in international relations.This is about smart energy use--SECRETARY CLINTON: That’s right.MS.DESAI:--domestically and--SECRETARY CLINTON: Yeah, smart grids.MS.DESAI: Exactly.SECRETARY CLINTON: Smart cars.MS.DESAI: Right.SECRETARY CLINTON: You know, I mean, it’s not going to happen overnight.But the idea that we just continue putting off the future when we’re supposed to be the country of the future is so contrary to our nature.And it is, I think, causing some puzzlement around the world.But also, people are going to say, “Well, we’ll take advantage of those opportunities.”

You know, whether or not we have a modern battery industry is up to us.Whether or not we have a smart electric grid that will save energy and be able to decentralize energy production and usage is up to us.Whether or not we sort our way through our automobile crisis and end up with cars that are energy savers as – insofar as transportation permits is up to us.And you can go down the list.These are not somebody else’s responsibility, and I think we have to have a very significant government commitment, and that’s what we’re trying to do in the Obama Administration.It’s still difficult to make the case.I mean, a lot of what was in the stimulus originally, which would have set the path for us, you know, was not left in because it was thought to be, you know, economically challenging, should be left to – completely to the private sector.Well, we forget we electrified the country because the government stepped in.You know, we have so many examples from our past where we went as far as we could with the private sector, but frankly, it wasn’t profitable to bring electricity to the northern reaches of New York and the Adirondacks or northern Arkansas.The interstate highway system – we built highways to places that were barely populated, which are now booming.I mean, we made decisions that drove our growth and they were government and business decisions, and I think we’ve got to get back to thinking about that and feeling like we’re all on the American team for the next decade so that we can reassert our position economically here at home and around the world.MS.DESAI: On that note, we must bring this to an end.I just want to say that with our foreign policy in your hands, our heart is at ease.SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, thank you.MS.DESAI: Please join me in thanking Secretary Clinton.(Applause.)(end transcript)Article translated in: 中文

Read more: http://www.america.gov/st/texttrans-english/2009/February/20090213180210eaifas0.6547815.html#ixzz0lFsUqb4U

第四篇：美国国务卿克林顿就全球健康行动计划发表讲话

美国国务卿克林顿就全球健康行动计划发表讲话

2010-08-19 01:39:27| 全球健康行动计划：美国在世界卫生领域下一阶段的领导作用

国务卿希拉里·克林顿（Hillary Rodham Clinton）约翰霍普金斯大学高级国际研究学院（SAIS）

华盛顿哥伦比亚特区 2010年8月16日

这就是我今天要向你们阐述的使命：奥巴马政府如何进一步履行我国长期以来对全球卫生领域所作的承诺，使更多地方有更多的人获得挽救生命的疾病预防、治疗和护理。

这是美国在当今世界发挥领导作用的一个标志，也是我时刻牵挂的一个问题。过去20年来，我有幸代表我们国家访问过世界上很多地方，我所结识的许许多多的人都亲身体验到成功的健康计划所能发挥的巨大作用。

……历史上没有任何国家为改善全球健康状况作出了更多的努力。在取得当代某些最重大的卫生成就方面，美国走在世界的最前列。天花困扰人类达数千年之久，直至1960和1970年代，我们通过世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）一系列根除天花的行动为这种疾病的绝迹作出了贡献。“扩大免疫规划”（Expanded Program on Immunization）使全世界将近80%的儿童接种了挽救生命的疫苗，而在36年前这项规划刚启动时，仅有不到5%的儿童接种疫苗，此项成就部分归功于美国的资助和支持。美国参与倡导的推广微量营养素的全球性努力保护了千百万幼童和孕妇的健康。

我们在抗击被忽视的热带疾病的斗争中也在全球处于领先地位，仅在过去四年中就为5900万热带疾病患者提供了治疗。我们每年都参与覆盖5000多万人的疟疾防治工作，我们提供将近60%——全世界艾滋病病毒和艾滋病防治捐助资金的60%。在全世界为卫生领域的发展援助提供的资金中，有总共40%的资金来自美国。

毫无疑问，这不是民主党或共和党的问题，而是一个牵动美国人的爱心、超越党派政治的问题。我国之所以能在卫生领域发挥领导作用，是因为得到了两党一致的强有力的支持。我赞赏布什政府在全球卫生领域所做的开拓性工作，特别是提出了总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划（President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief）和总统防治疟疾行动计划（President's Malaria Initiative）这两项具有代表性的卫生计划。……

现在，除了政府，美国各民间组织也正在作出卓越的贡献。例如，比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会（Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation)捐赠了数十亿美元重新开展大规模免疫活动，发现预防和治疗疾病的新疫苗及其他手段；卡特中心（Carter Center)领导了消灭危害健康的麦地那龙线虫病的全球运动；克林顿基金会（Clinton Foundation)与制药公司合作，让数百万民众能够获得可负担的艾滋药品；还有美国各地的数百个其他组织，它们用创新方法为世界各地的人民提供拯救生命和改善生活的保健服务。

教会和宗教团体也带头为急需的人们提供治疗，包括派出志愿医务工作者，他们在那些缺医少药的地方为民众服务，有时冒着生命危险。就在两个星期前，来自美国和其他几个国家的志愿医务工作者在阿富汗被杀害，当时他们正在为乡村地区提供巡回医疗服务，治疗眼疾，并开办一个牙科诊所。这对他们的家庭是一个巨大的损失，对世界是一个巨大的损失，对那些已经受益于或即将受益于他们的帮助的人也是一个巨大的损失。

此类事件提醒我们，加强全球卫生工作不仅是我国政府坚定不移的首要任务，而且是许多美国公民和我们整个民族的首要任务。这是我们国家的一项重要历史纪录，一项经常被忽略或没有引起充分关注的纪录。

今天，我代表奥巴马政府，向大家通报一下美国全球卫生工作的下一个篇章。它被称为“全球健康行动计划”，简称GHI。它代表着一种新方法，以新思维为指导，并设定了新的目标：增强我们现有的卫生工作计划，在此基础上帮助其他国家发展改善本国人民健康的能力，从而拯救尽可能多的生命。

*我们投资于全球卫生事业，为的是加强脆弱或社会机制衰退的国家。我们已经看到艾滋病夺去了农民、教师、军人、医务工作者和其他专业人士的生命，对国家产生了毁灭性影响，数百万孤儿和弱势儿童无人照料，他们的需求远不是任何政府机构可以满足的。由于艾滋病的破坏性影响，克林顿政府不仅把它归类为一项健康威胁，而且视作对国家安全的威胁，后来的国务卿科林·鲍威尔（Colin Powell)也持同样的立场。研究国家安全的智库“战略和国际问题研究中心”（Center for Strategic and International Studies)发起成立了“全球卫生策略委员会”（Commission on Smart Global Health Policy)。该委员会的共同主席为“世界援助和救援合作组织”（CARE)的海林·盖尔(Helene Gayle)和退休海军上将威廉·法伦(William J.Fallon)，其目的是为全球卫生工作寻找新战略，因为我们相信这将有助于我们建立一个更安全、更稳定的世界。

我们投资于全球卫生事业，为的是促进社会与经济进步，并支持能够帮助我们解决地区与全球卫生问题的伙伴们进行能力建设。我们看到，在许多地方，遭受疾病折磨的人民在许多不同的层次上挣扎：通常贫困范围很广，基础设施不完善，食品生产能力有限，儿童入学率低。本来可以为家庭和国家的进步发挥主导作用的人们现在因疾病、贫困、缺少机会而无力自救。

我们投资于全球卫生事业，为的是保护我们的国家安全。举例来说，每天有成千上万的人跨越大陆飞行，从而为我们紧密相连的世界带来疾病传播的威胁，我们需要一个全面有效的全球系统来追踪卫生数据、监控疾病威胁和协调应对措施。近年来，由于非典（SARS）和H1N1流感病毒的传播，人们对于这样一个系统的必要性有了充分的认识。如果在疾病刚刚出现时就加以遏制，阻止大规模爆发，使之不至演变成全球性威胁，就能够节省大量人力物力，取得事半功倍的效果。但是，这在那些医疗服务和公共卫生服务不足或根本不存在的地方很难做到。

我们把投资于全球卫生事业作为公共外交的一种方式。对于世界上的亿万民众，在美国帮助下获得预防、治疗或护理是他们了解我们国家和人民的主要途径，这种体验可能发生巨大的作用。就传播我们的价值观而言，让人们有可能健康长寿或帮助他们的孩子免受疾病的威胁，其效果不亚于任何国事访问或战略对话。

我们把投资于全球卫生事业作为明确、直接地表达爱心的一种方式。每一年，数百万人因不能获得简单的救助而丧生，如蚊帐或维生素强化食品，或口服补液治疗。作为一个国家和一个民族，我们绝对不能接受那种毫无意义的死亡，我们的基因里没有这种成分。因此，美国人在调查中经常表示支持把我们缴纳的税款用于全球卫生项目——不是因为它能给我们自己带来好处，而是因为这些钱可以并且正在被用于为他人谋福利。很少有其他投资与我们全部的价值观如此吻合，也很少有其他投资更具有合理性。全球卫生是一个突出的例子，它说明了从战略高度使用我们的资源能够对人民、社区和国家产生立竿见影和经久不衰的影响。

世界各地有许许多多对生命和生计构成威胁的疾病与营养缺乏症，而我们的资源却是有限的。因此，我们必须针对最危险的威胁，从战略高度作出有事实依据的决策，以确保我们的投资——这些资金毕竟来自美国纳税人——取得实效。我们还必须注重长远目标——不仅努力满足今天的迫切需要，而且为明天和下一代人能有更好的健康打下基础。

这一思想贯穿于奥巴马总统去年发起的全球健康行动计划的各个方面。美国正在进行630亿美元的投资，首先用于保持和加强我们现有的卫生项目，其次，通过与政府、组织、公民社会团体和个人协作，把这些项目提升到更高水平，从而扩大我们在公共卫生领域预期能够取得的进展。

我们正在把重点从解决具体问题转向造福于人民，即更全面地考虑他们的生存状况，确保他们能够在一生中获得最需要的保健服务。全球健康行动计划的根本目的是，由受援国发挥主导作用，通过将各项卫生计划整合为一个统一、协调、可持续的保健系统来解决问题。基于对总统艾滋病紧急救援计划、总统防治疟疾行动计划、母婴保健、计划生育、被忽视的热带疾病和其他关键的健康领域所作的投资，并基于疾病控制中心以及其他联邦政府部门的工作，通过改进提供卫生服务的整体环境来扩大效果。这样，我们的投资能够产生更大的影响，病人能够得到更多和更好的保健服务，从而能够更健康地生活。

根据全球健康行动计划，我们将增加经费，继续扩大总统艾滋病紧急救援计划的成果。2008年，总统艾滋病紧急救援计划的经费为50亿美元。奥巴马总统已经为2011年提出57亿美元的申请，这是单一国家为防治全球艾滋病所做的最大一笔投资。我们正在提高我们的治疗目标。通过全球健康行动计划，我们力争为世界各地400多万人的治疗提供直接支持——这个数目是在实施总统艾滋病紧急救援计划的头五年间接受治疗人数的两倍多。

我们正在提高我们的护理目标，计划为1200多万人提供护理，包括500万名孤儿和弱势儿童。

我们正在提高我们的预防目标，通过全球健康行动计划，我们的目标是预防1200万例艾滋病毒感染。

我们正在加强对总统防治疟疾行动计划的支持，目标是使4.5亿人口的疟疾负担减轻50%。

就结核病而言，我们希望通过增加治疗机会挽救130万人的性命。

我们也在加强计划生育和母婴保健工作，这也是美国可以而且必须发挥领导作用的领域。

我们现在需要为日后取得更大进展打好基础，包括解决……系统性问题，以及与伙伴国协作，铲除危害其人民健康的最根深蒂固的障碍……

首先，我们会和其他国家一起创建并实施它们根据自己的独特需要和现有能力而主导设计的健康战略，我们正在帮助这些国家培养能力，以便它们长期管理、监督、协调、?行健康计划。其次，我们侧重于妇女和女童的需求和贡献。由于专业保健人员没有注意到她们的苦难或了解其面临的问题，她们仍然经常受到忽略，没有获得足够的服务。

第三，我们正在完善衡量和评估自身影响的方式。这包括将重点从“投入”转移至“成果和影响”──例如，不是根据我们分发了多少顶蚊帐来衡量成功，而是要了解有多少人因为正确使用蚊帐而实际避免了疟疾──这种评估提供更全面的信息，它需要我们作出投资，改进我们收集、分析和共享数据的方式。

第四，我们正在投资于创新发明，重点在于开发工具，在我们工作的社区中帮助诊断、预防和治愈疾病。这些地区通常地处偏远，资源贫乏。

第五，我们正在改进协调与整合。

第六，我们与现有伙伴合作，并且寻找新伙伴。我们希望和其他捐助国及多边组织协同努力，其中许多国家和组织正在增进全球健康方面做出卓越的贡献。

可是，我们最重要的协作对象将是我们的伙伴国，我们也会继续呼吁它们对这项努力作出最大的承诺，因为它们的贡献最终将决定我们能否达到目标，成功地为世界上更多人创建统一、协调、可持续的保健系统

第五篇：克林顿国务卿在纽约大学毕业典礼上发表讲话

克林顿国务卿在纽约大学毕业典礼上发表讲话

克林顿国务卿5月13日在纽约大学（NYU）毕业典礼上发表讲话，鼓励青年一代化理想为行动，为全球合作奠定基础，战胜饥饿和疾病，遏制气候变化。以下是讲话全文，由美国国务院国际信息局（IIP）翻译。美国国务院发言人办公室 2009年5月13日

国务卿希拉里∙罗德姆∙克林顿在纽约大学毕业典礼上的讲话 纽约州纽约市扬基体育场（Yankee Stadium）

克林顿国务卿：谢谢，谢谢，非常感谢。还有比这更好的事吗——世界上最好的大学之一在纽约扬基队主场所在地举行毕业典礼？真是再好不过了。（掌声）谢谢大家如此热烈地为一位来访的客人加油。我原以为在扬基体育场不可以这样做。

能够获得这个学位，我感到十分荣幸。我代表获得此一荣誉的其他人向你们表示感谢。谢谢你们给予我们参加这次毕业典礼的殊荣。当我看到眼前这一大群毕业生及其亲朋好友时，我不禁想到，你们是在一个不同寻常的历史时刻获得学位，我们的国家和整个世界比以往更需要你们的才智和精力、你们的激情和承诺。毫无疑问，你们已经为投入这样的世界作好了充分的准备：这个世界似乎前景不很明朗，但将赞赏你们不仅为了你们自己和家人而且为了你们的社区和国家所接受的教育。

作为国务卿，我十分清楚我们面临的各项挑战。作为新的毕业生，你们和你们这一代人将面对这样的挑战：气候变化和饥饿、赤贫和极端主义的意识形态、新的疾病和核扩散。但我深信，你们和我们能够胜任这样的任务。我们在美国和整个世界所面临的各种问题，都能够通过人们的努力、合作和积极的相互依赖得到解决，而这种相互依赖表明，人类社会正在继续前进。挑战将激发我们最好的一面，我们将把明天的世界变得比今天更加美好。（掌声）

我知道，在毕业典礼上作理想化的演说是当前的时尚，[我的讲话]听起来也许很理想化，但我的信念深处有一种强烈的现实感。因为你们知道，我认为我们别无选择。我们可以袖手旁观，我们可以束手无策，我们可以采取悲观怀疑的态度，但我们知道这样做会产生什么样的结果：我们会把阵地拱手让给那些其意识形态为世界上所有有良知和信仰者所不齿的人。因此，我们之间积极的相互依赖——这是一个事实——将使我们为应对这些挑战做好准备。但这不能再被仅仅视作政府与政府之间的事情。随着新技术的不断涌现，我们有时间和机会成为公民外交家、公民活动家，通过辛勤工作、耐心和毅力一个一个地解决问题，逐步积累成我们所寻求的解决方案。

我知道我们不能派特使与大规模流行的疾病进行谈判，不能与二氧化碳召开高峰会，也不能与全球金融危机断绝关系。要抗击这些威胁并抓住这些威胁提供的机遇，我们需要自下而上地建立新的伙伴关系，利用手中可以利用的一切手段。这就是巧实力的实质。但巧实力来自精明的人，接受过良好教育的人，向日益复杂、相互关联的世界开放的人，而不断变化的全球场景要求我们必须扩大我们的外交概念。

回顾我多年前从学校毕业的时候，外交是闭门谋事的高官要员的事情。如今，我们的外交人员来自各行各业，我们的外交工作也不局限于国务院或我国驻外使领馆。我们正在为二十一世纪的治国大计培养人才。在哪里？就在纽约大学的教室里，就在这座伟大城市中各家公司董事会的会议室里，就在学术会堂里，就在我们一所所优秀医院的手术室里。我们需要的是个人承诺和个人纽带，而这正是你们各位能够一展身手之处。我们今天所面临的一系列最重大的挑战将由占世界人口60%的30岁以下的群体来解决。而年轻一代，像你们所有人一样，已在发挥他们的才华和智慧，帮助形成具有他们独特风格的公益和外交工作。

仅举几个例子：哥伦比亚两名年轻的大学毕业生受够了这个国家内部的暴力冲突，他们利用“脸谱网”（Facebook）组织了一次世界历史上规模最大的反恐怖主义抗议示威活动，共有1400万人参加。（掌声）在短短几个星期中，他们的和平努力对恐怖主义网络的打击程度不亚于多年的军事行动。

我知道，你们这届毕业生中的一员曾在乞力马扎罗峰（Mount Kilimanjaro）的山坡上生活了好几个月，努力寻找可持续发展模式，以便利用这种模式帮助妇女和家庭自力更生地摆脱贫困。你们的另一位同学去年在中国留学期间遇上大地震爆发，灾情惨重，这位同学自此一直在从事为偏远地区的村民输送物资和援助的工作。留学生们有的前往卢旺达参加争取人权的斗争，有的到格鲁吉亚建设公民社会，有的经营公司企业，有的领导政府工作。我知道，你们之中有很多人利用社交网络平台帮助巴拉克·奥巴马当上了美利坚合众国总统。（掌声）

奥巴马总统和我都深切理解为我国乃至所有国家的年轻人创造机会的重要意义，以便你们把自己的信念和理想化为奉献与行动，正如约翰·肯尼迪创建和平队（Peace Corps）和比尔·克林顿总统创建美国志愿队（AmeriCorps）一样，这符合公民服务的传统。（掌声）

因此，我们需要设法让我国所有政府机构做好准备，国务院不仅包括在内而且要作为重点，以便让那些不是职业外交人员但仍以自己的方式从事外交工作的人发挥作用。我们国务院的工作人员经验丰富，忠于职守，工作热情而有效率。你们之中还在求职的人请注意，我们正在招聘新一代外交人员。（掌声）

我希望你们中间能有很多人加入我们的行列成为外交官和公务员，但我知道并非所有人都愿意成为职业外交官，我也知道国务院无法单凭自己的力量解决这些重大问题。因此，我今天要对你们说的是：做你们自己的理念的特使；利用你们手中的交流工具增进我国及全人类的利益；做一位公民大使，利用你们的个人经历和专业活动结交全球伙伴，以共同承诺为基础解决我们的星球所面临的共同问题。通过建立你们自己的网络，你们能够扩展政府的能力，以满足这一代人和子孙后代的需求。你们能够帮助奠定全球合作的基础，我们若想在有生之年消除饥饿，战胜疾病，控制气候变化，让每个孩子都有机会发挥他们的天赋潜能，就离不开这种全球合作。（掌声）

这一切始于教育交流机会，始于纽约大学率先展开的那种宿舍外交和课堂外交。我要赞扬我的朋友、你们的校长，也要赞扬这所杰出高校的校董们，他们理解并相信教育交流的重要性。

你们知道，出国留学就象是为一场世纪棒球赛作准备的春训。它有助于你们增强基础技能、团队精神和取得成功的决心。我们要让更多的美国学生获得这种机会。这正是我们把吉尔曼奖学金（Gilman Scholarships）的数额增加40%以上的原因。已经有400多名纽约人利用吉尔曼奖学金花一个学期的时间去国外留学，其中包括去年在国外留学的纽约大学的9位同学。

当然，出国留学是一条双行道，我们也应该吸引其他国家更多的优秀学生到美国来学习。外国学生丰富了美国的大学，使他们自己和他们的祖国受益，纽约大学在这方面树立了一个杰出榜样。去年有70万名外国学生来美国求学，纽约大学招收的外国学生人数在全美各高校中名列第二。(掌声)由于这些交流带来了巨大的益处，我决心简化签证手续──(掌声)──特别是为理工科的学生，以便未来有更多优秀学生到我们的大学深造。我们也在扩大把高科技与全球性服务相结合的做法。因此，今天我高兴地宣布，在今后一年里国务院将建立起“学生网上外交实习项目”(Virtual Student Foreign Service Internships)，使正在成长的一代公民外交家的能量得到有效利用。美国大学生将与我国驻外使馆协作，在自己的校园内开展网上外交活动，反映网络化世界的现实。你们可以在国务院网站上了解该项目的详情。

但我知道，你们不需要等到我们建立起一个新项目之后再行动。今天你们回家后，上网找到一个称为Kiva——K-i-v-a——的网站，在那里你可以帮助像San Ma这样一位越南母亲，她正在寻找一笔小额贷款，为她的家庭农场购买稻种和肥料；或者你们可以进入海菲国际（Heifer International）的网站，只要花费比在外面吃一顿晚餐还少的钱就可以把一群鹅捐赠给亚洲或非洲一个饥饿的家庭；或帮助文加里·马塔伊（Wangari Mathai）倡导的“绿带运动”(Green Belt movement)，种植树木，中和碳排放，并帮助非洲妇女发挥潜能。

支持这些项目及其他类似项目不需要花费大量时间与金钱，但对于你们帮助的人们和保护的地球来说，你们的参与不仅能够改变游戏规则，还能够改变人们的生活。全球性服务还意味着促进良治。我们在国内和世界各地都需要有见地的公民向政府问责，督促政府取得效益和找到解决问题的方案。

这并非仅仅针对今天的毕业生，在场的还有许许多多自豪的父母双亲、丈夫或妻子、祖父祖母、孩子们和其他人，他们目睹你们走到了今天。对我们所有的人来说，这是邀请，也是挑战。在我们所处的时代，我们知道我们需人尽其才，集思广益。我们更应不断开拓新天地，超越经常使我们分道扬镳的分歧。前来美国参加子女或朋友毕业典礼的诸位，请铭记这一点：美国比以往任何时候都更希望得到你们的帮助；具体而言，我们需要你们帮助我们建立这些新的合作关系，帮助我们寻求解决全球危机的途径。任何一个国家的人民或任何一个国家的政府都无法单独战胜全球性的危机。

我们大家休戚相关。我们之间历来如此。今天，这一点更为明显。一个国家爆发流感会迅速蔓延全球。一种极少数人酝酿的极端主义观念可通过因特网急剧扩散。一场全球性的金融危机将殃及全世界每一个角落的农民和小业主。这是新的现实。但同样不可忽视的是，现在我们也可以通过已经拥有的各种方式，同心协力抗击这些共同威胁。2009年毕业班的同学们，你们面临着历史性的机遇。每一届毕业生都听到这样的话，而且我认为在某种程度上确实如此。不过，在今天的毕业典礼上，你们已多次听到有关全球经济危机的话题。应该承认，你们毕业的这个时代或许更为困难，在某种意义上也更令人生畏。然而，这正是需要我们共同挺身而出的时候。我不禁想起一部我喜爱的关于棒球的影片，《女子棒球队》(A League of Their Own)，其中一句精彩的台词 ──(掌声)── 说得真好，“如果没有困难，任何人都能做到”。

你们知道，当扬基队(Yankees)于1923年迁入隔壁的旧体育场时，名册上只有一位队员来自圣路易斯城(St.Louis)以西的地区。这支球队的队员外表大同小异，说话语气相同，均来自美国同一类地区的城镇和乡村。再看看今天在这个新场地竞技的球队，其中有来自墨西哥、日本、台湾、巴拿马及其他四国的队员。扬基队就有七名队员来自多米尼加共和国(Dominican Republic)。同样，纽约大学也在演变。学校创立时只为纽约市服务，如今则为全球服务。

我们知道，前方有许多未知数，我们谁都无法预测。变革不可逆转。变革终会来临。无法预知的是，变革能否带来进步。然而，你们已尽了一切努力，获得了最好的保障，那就是纽约大学的教育。(掌声)有了这样的教育，我完全相信，你们不仅可凭着你们自身的勤奋努力获得成功，而且还能为社会做出重大贡献，远远超出自身的需求。这是你们的时刻。你们加入了这个宏大的联队，你们可以出击了。踏上征途，开创我们的未来，使之无愧于这所伟大的学府，无愧于这座伟大的城市，无愧于这个伟大的国家，无愧于我们都希望共同建立的世界。

谢谢大家，祝贺你们，愿诸位一切平安。(掌声)

Hillary Rodham Clinton Secretary of State Yankee Stadium New York City May 13, 2009

Hillary Rodham Clinton's Remarks at the New York University Commencement Ceremony

Yankee Stadium New York City May 13, 2009 Thank you.Thank you so much.Thank you.And does it get any better than this, a graduation ceremony for one of the great universities in the world in the home of New York Yankees? Nothing could be better.(Applause.)And thanks to all of you for cheering a visitor.I didn’t realize that was permitted in Yankee Stadium.I am honored to receive this degree.And on behalf of the other honorees, I say thank you.Thank you for giving us this singular privilege of being part of this commencement ceremony.As I look out at this huge crowd of graduates, family, and friends, I can only reflect on what an extraordinary moment in history you are receiving your degrees, a moment in time of our country and the world where your talents and your energy, your passion and commitment is more needed than ever.There is no doubt that you are well prepared for a world that seems somewhat uncertain but which will welcome the education that you have received on behalf of not only of yourselves and your families, but your communities and your country.As Secretary of State, I am well aware of the challenges that we face.You, as new graduates, and your generation will be up against those challenges: climate change and hunger, extreme poverty and extreme ideologies, new diseases and nuclear proliferation.But I am absolutely convinced that you and we are up to the task.There is no problem we face here in America or around the world that will not yield to human effort, to cooperation, to positive interdependence that makes clear humanity is going on, our challenges are ones that summon the best of us, and we will make the world better tomorrow than it is today.(Applause.)

Now, I know that it is fashionable in commencement speeches to be idealistic, and that may sound so, but at the root of my conviction is a strong sense of reality.Because you see, I don’t think we have a choice.We can sit on the sidelines, we can wring our hands, we can retreat into cynicism, and we know what the results will be: We will cede the field to those whose ideologies are absolutely anathema to people of conscience and faith all over the world.So our positive interdependence, which is a fact, will prepare us to meet these challenges.But they can no longer be seen just as government-to-government.There is a time and an opportunity, and with the new technologies available, for us to be citizen diplomats, citizen activists, to solve problems one by one that will give in to hard work, patience, and persistence, and will then aggregate to the solutions we seek.Now, I know we cannot send a special envoy to negotiate with a pandemic, or call a summit with carbon dioxide, or sever relations with the global financial crisis.To confront these threats and to seize the opportunities that they also present, we need to build new partnerships from the bottom up, and to use every tool at our disposal.That is the heart of smart power.But smart power requires smart people, people who have gone the distance for their education, who have opened themselves up to this increasingly complex and interconnected world, and this changing global landscape requires us to expand our concept of diplomacy.Now, when I was graduating so many years ago, diplomacy was the domain of privileged men working behind closed doors.Today, our diplomats are not limited, and our diplomacy is no longer confined to the State Department or our embassies.We are laying the foundation for 21st century statecraft.Where? In the classrooms of NYU, in the board rooms of the businesses of this great city, in the halls of academia, in the operating rooms of our great hospitals.We are looking for those personal commitments and connections, and that is where all of you come in.The biggest challenges we face today will be solved by the 60 percent of the world’s population under the age of 30.And already, young people, like all of you, are using their talents and ingenuity to help fashion their own brand of service and diplomacy.A few examples: In the nation of Colombia, two young college graduates, fed up with the violence in their country, used Facebook to organize 14 million people into the largest antiterrorism demonstrations in the history of the world.(Applause.)In a few short weeks, their peaceful efforts did as much damage to the terrorist networks as years of military action.I know that one of your graduates spent months on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro searching for sustainable development models to bring to women and families and help them lift themselves out of poverty.Another of your classmates was studying in China last year when the devastating earthquake struck, and that has led to work ever since to deliver supplies and assistance to villagers in remote areas.International students have gone on to fight for human rights in Rwanda, build civil society in the nation of Georgia, run businesses, and lead governments.And many of you, I know, used social networking platforms to make Barack Obama the President of the United States of America.(Applause.)

President Obama and I deeply understand how important it is for the young people of our country, but the young people of every country, to be given the opportunity to translate your beliefs and ideals into service and action, just as John Kennedy did when he created the Peace Corps and as President Bill Clinton did when he created AmeriCorps.This is in the tradition of citizen service.(Applause.)

So we need to figure out ways to prepare all of our institutions of government, including and especially the State Department, to harness the efforts of those who do not enter the Foreign Service but still engage in your own type of foreign service.Our State Department personnel are skilled, dedicated, passionate, and effective.And for those of you still looking for jobs, we are hiring a new generation of diplomats.(Applause.)

I hope many of you will join our ranks in the Foreign Service and the Civil Service, but I know that not all will choose to become professional diplomats, and I also know that the State Department alone cannot tackle these great problems.So my message to you today is this: Be the special envoys of your ideals;use the communication tools at your disposal to advance the interests of our nation and humanity everywhere;be citizen ambassadors using your personal and professional lives to forge global partnerships, build on a common commitment to solving our planet’s common problems.By creating your own networks, you can extend the power of governments to meet the needs of this and future generations.You can help lay the groundwork for the kind of global cooperation that is essential if we wish, in our time, to end hunger and defeat disease, to combat climate change, and to give every child the chance to live up to his or her God-given potential.(Applause.)

This starts with opportunities for educational exchanges, the kind of dorm room and classroom diplomacy that NYU is leading on.I want to commend my friend, your president, the trustees of this great university, for understanding and believing in the importance of educational exchanges.You know, study abroad is like spring training for this century.It helps you develop the fundamentals, the teamwork, and the determination to succeed.And we want more American students to have that opportunity.That’s why we are increasing funding for Gilman scholarships by more than 40 percent.More than 400 New Yorkers have used Gilman scholarships to spend a semester abroad, including nine students from NYU last year.Now, of course, study abroad is a two-way street, and we should bring more qualified students from other countries to study here.NYU provides a prime example of what international students can bring to a campus and how they can benefit themselves and their countries.Over 700,000 international students came to the United States last year, and NYU had the second largest number of any school in the country.(Applause.)

Now, the benefits from such exchanges are so great that I am committed to streamline the visa process –(applause)– particularly for science and technology students so that even more qualified students will come to our campuses in the future.We’re also doing more to marry technology with global service.That’s why today I am pleased to announce that over the next year the 9 State Department will be creating Virtual Student Foreign Service Internships to harness the energy of a rising generation of citizen diplomats.Working from college and university campuses, American students will partner with our embassies abroad to conduct digital diplomacy that reflects the realities of the networked world.And you can learn more about this initiative on the State Department’s website.But I know that you don’t have to wait for us to create a new program.When you go home today, go online and find the website called Kiva, K-i-v-a, where you can help someone like San Ma, a mother in Vietnam who is seeking a microcredit loan to buy rice seed and fertilizer for her family farm;or log on to Heifer International’s site, and for less than the cost of a dinner out, you can donate a flock of geese to a hungry family in Asia or Africa;or help Wangari Mathai’s Green Belt movement in planting trees and offsetting carbon emissions and empowering women in Africa.Now, supporting these projects and others like them doesn't require a lot of time or money.But for the people you help and the planet you protect, your participation can be not just a game changer, but a life changer.Global service also means promoting good governance.We need informed citizens, both here at home and around the world, to hold their governments accountable for getting results and finding solutions.And this is not only directed at the graduates today, but there are a lot of proud mothers and fathers and husbands and wives and grandparents and children and others who have seen you to this day.And this is an offer and a challenge to all of us.In the times that we face, we know we don’t have a person to waste, we don’t have an idea to overlook.In fact, we have to be even more committed to reaching out and crossing the divides that too often separate us.For those who have come to this country to celebrate a child or a friend’s graduation, please take home this message: America more than ever wants your help;in fact, needs your help as we build these new partnerships and as we seek solutions to the global crises that cannot be solved by any one people or one government alone.We need each other.We always have.It’s just so much more apparent today.A flu starting in one country spreads quickly around the world.An extremist ideology starting with a few people explodes across the internet.A global financial crisis affects farmers and small business people in every corner of the globe.That is a new reality.But equally important is that we also now have the tools to work together to forge this common approach to these common threats.So, Class of 2009, you have an historic opportunity.Every class is told that, and to some extent I suppose it is always true.But just in the course of this commencement ceremony, you’ve heard several references to the global economic crisis.The times that you are graduating in are, yes, perhaps more difficult and somewhat more daunting.But that’s when we really rise together.One of the best lines from one of my favorite baseball movies, A League of Their Own –(applause)– said it well, “If it were easy, anybody could do it.”

You know, when the Yankees moved in to their old stadium next door in 1923, there was only person on the roster from west of St.Louis.Their team mostly looked the same, talked the same, and came from the same kind of cities and towns and rural areas across America.Think about the team that plays in this new stadium.It includes players from Mexico, Japan, Taiwan, Panama, four other countries.The Dominican Republic alone is home to seven Yankees.In the same way, NYU has evolved as well.The university was founded to serve the City of New York.Today it serves the world.We know that there is much yet ahead that none of us can predict.There is no way to stop change.Change will come.What is unknown is whether it will bring progress or not.But you have done what you needed to do to get the best insurance policy you could, and that is an NYU education.(Applause.)And so armed with that education, I have every confidence that you will not only succeed by the dint of your own hard work and effort, but you will contribute far beyond your own personal needs.This is your moment.You’ve made it to the big leagues, and you are up to bat.Go out and give us a future worthy of this great university, of this great city, of this great country, and of the world we all wish to create together.Thank you, congratulations, and Godspeed