克林顿国务卿为奥巴马中东和北非讲话所做的引言

第一篇：克林顿国务卿为奥巴马中东和北非讲话所做的引言

克林顿国务卿为奥巴马中东和北非讲话所做的引言

SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you all, and welcome to the State Department.I am delighted to be here to welcome the President as well as our colleagues from the Diplomatic Corps, Senator Kerry, and senior officials from across our government, and especially the many young Foreign Service and Civil Servants who are here today.克林顿国务卿：谢谢大家，欢迎光临国务院。我很高兴能在这里欢迎总统以及来自外交使团的同事们、参议员克里、我们政府各部门的高级官员、特别是今天在座的许多年轻的外交人员和公务员。

Mr.President, from your first days in office you have charged us with implementing a bold new approach for America’s foreign policy – a new blueprint for how we advance our values, project our leadership, and strengthen our partnerships.We have seen that in a changing world, America’s leadership is more essential than ever, but that we often must lead in new and innovative ways.总统先生，从您就职初始，您就赋予我们重任，在美国外交政策上实施一个大胆而全新的方针——这是指导我们推广我们的价值观、发挥我们的领导作用、加强我们的伙伴关系的一幅新蓝图。我们已经看到，在不断变化的世界里，美国的领导作用比以往任何时候都更加重要，但我们必须经常以新的、具有创造性的方式发挥这种作用。

And so, Mr.President, these Foreign Service Officers and these Civil Servants, the men and women of the State Department and USAID, work every day to translate your vision into real results – results on the ground in nearly every country in the world.That is why the work we have done to provide them with the tools and resources they need to perform their mission is so important.And it’s why we need to keep making the case for those resources.因此，总统先生，这些外交官、这些公务员、国务院和美国国际开发署的各位男女雇员，每天都在努力把您提出的愿景变为现实成果——在世界上几乎每个国家取得成果。因此，我们努力为他们提供完成使命所需要的工具和资源十分重要。出于同样的原因，我们需要不断地说明情况，为他们争取这些资源。Because alongside our colleagues in the Defense Department, America's diplomats and development experts of the State Department and USAID are on the front lines of protecting America’s security, advancing America’s interests, and projecting America’s values.As a wave of change continues to sweep across the Middle East and North Africa, they are carrying our diplomacy and development far beyond the embassy walls – engaging with citizens in the streets and through social networks as they seek to move from protests to politics;with NGOs and businesses working to create new economic opportunities;and with transitional leaders trying to build the institutions of genuine democracy.They represent the best of America, and I am so proud to have them as our face to the world.与国防部的同事一起，国务院和国际开发署的美国外交官和发展专家工作在保卫美国安全、促进美国利益、弘扬美国价值观的第一线。随着变革的浪潮继续席卷整个中东和北非，他们执行的外交和发展任务远远超越了使馆的围墙——在街头和通过社交网络与公民接触，帮助他们从抗议活动转向政治活动；与非政府组

织和企业合作，创造新的经济机会；支持过渡时期的领导人建立真正民主的机构。他们展现了美国的精华，有他们作为美国在世界各地的代表，我深感自豪。

Mr.President, it is fitting that you have chosen to come here to the State Department to speak about the dramatic changes we have witnessed around the world this year.总统先生，您来国务院就我们今年在世界各地所目睹的巨大变化发表讲话，这是一个非常恰当的选择。Now, on the back wall of this historic Benjamin Franklin Room is a portrait of the leader of Tunis, given as a gift in 1865 by the people of Tunisia in honor of the enduring friendship between our nations at the end of our Civil War.A century and a half later, Tunisians – and courageous citizens from across the region – have given the world another gift: a new opening to work together for democracy and dignity, for peace and opportunity.These are the values that made America a great nation, but they do not belong to us alone.They are truly universal.And it is profoundly in our interest that more people in more places claim them as their own.在这间有历史意义的本杰明·富兰克林厅的后墙上挂着一位突尼斯领导人的画像，那是1865年突尼斯人民在南北战争结束时为纪念我们两国的长期友谊而赠送的礼物。一个半世纪之后，突尼斯人——以及他们所在的整个地区的英雄人民——给世界送上了另一份礼物：为民主和尊严、和平与机会而共同努力的一个新开端。正是这些价值观使美国成为一个伟大的国家，但它们不仅仅属于我们。它们具有真正的普世性。在更多的地方有更多的人认同它们，这完全符合我们的利益。

This moment belongs to the people of the Middle East and North Africa.They have seized control of their destiny and will make the choices that determine how the future of the region unfolds.这一时刻属于中东和北非的人民。他们把握了自己的命运，并将作出选择，决定该地区未来如何变化。But, for America, this is a moment that calls out for clear vision, firm principles, and a sophisticated understanding of the indispensable role our country can and must play in the world.Those have been the hallmarks of President Obama’s leadership from his first day in office.So, it is with great confidence and faith in our future that I welcome the President of the United States, Barack Obama.(Applause.)但是，对美国来说，这一时刻要求我们有明确的愿景、坚定的原则以及对于我国在世界上能够和必须发挥的不可或缺的作用有一个深入的理解。从奥巴马总统就职的第一天起，他的领导方式始终具备这些特征。因此，怀着对我们的未来的极大信心和信念，我谨欢迎美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马为我们讲话。（掌声。）

第二篇：奥巴马总统关于美国对中东和北非政策的讲话

总统关于美国对中东和北非政策的讲话

美国国务院

华盛顿哥伦比亚特区

美国东部夏令时下午12:15

谢谢你们，谢谢（掌声）。非常感谢。谢谢。请坐。多谢。首先，我要感谢希拉里?克林顿（Hillary Clinton），过去六个月来，她四处奔波，已经接近一个新的里程碑--积累100万英里的常飞客里程（frequent flier Miles）。（笑声）我每天都依靠希拉里，我相信她将作为我国历史上最优秀的国务卿之一被载入史册。

在国务院庆祝美国外交史上一个新篇章的开始特别合适。六个月来，我们目睹中东和北非发生非同寻常的变化。在一个又一个广场、一个又一个城镇、一个又一个国家，人民奋起争取自己的基本人权。两位领导人靠边站了，还可能有更多的领导人靠边站。虽然这些国家远离我国国土，但我们知道，经济与安全的力量以及历史和信仰把我们的未来与这一地区紧密联系在一起。

今天，我想谈谈这一变化--推动变化的力量和我们如何作出反应以弘扬我们的价值观并增强我们的安全。在经历了以两场代价巨大的冲突为特征的10年后，我们已经为改变我们的外交政策做了大量工作。在多年的伊拉克战争后，我们撤出了10万美国军队，结束了我们在那里的作战任务。在阿富汗，我们遏止了塔利班的扩展势头，今年7月，我们将开始撤军，继续朝着由阿富汗发挥主导作用的方向过渡。在与“基地”组织及其同伙交锋的多年战争后，我们击毙了它的头目乌萨马?本?拉丹（Osama bin Laden），给予“基地”组织巨大的打击。

本?拉丹并非殉道者。他是一个宣扬仇恨的杀人狂，鼓吹穆斯林必须拿起武器对付西方，还鼓吹滥杀男女老幼的暴力是通往变革的惟一道路。他否认穆斯林应享有民主与个人权利，主张暴力极端主义；他的核心目标是毁灭，而不是建设。

本?拉丹及其杀人的愿景赢得了一些追随者。但即使在他亡命之前，“基地”组织已经输掉了争取民心之战，因为绝大多数人认识到杀害无辜无助于他们对美好生活的追求。在我们找到本?拉丹时，该地区绝大多数人已经把“基地”组织的图谋看作一条死胡同，中东和北非人民已经将命运掌握在自己手里。

争取掌控自己命运的故事六个月前始于突尼斯。12月17日，一个名叫穆罕默德?布阿齐齐（Mohammed Bouazizi）的年轻小贩因被警察没收了他用来摆摊的推车而被逼入绝境。这种情况司空见惯。同样的令人屈辱的事件--践踏公民尊严的政府暴虐行为--每天都在世界上很多地方发生，只是这一次的后果不同。在地方官员拒绝听取他的投诉后，这位从未在政治上特别活跃的年轻人前往省政府，把汽油浇在自己的身上，点火自焚。

在历史进程中，有时普通公民的行动会激起争取变革的运动，因为这样的行动会引起人们心中积聚多年的对自由的渴望。在美国，大家可以回想一下当年那些拒绝向国王缴税的波士顿爱国者的反抗精神，或罗莎?帕克斯（Rosa Parks）[在公共汽车上]勇敢地坐在自己的座位上所展示的尊严。就这样，在突尼斯，这名小贩因绝望而采取的行动唤醒了全国民众的愤慨。数百名抗议者走上街头，后来增加到数千名。面对警棍甚至子弹的威胁，他们拒不回家--一天又一天，一周又一周--直到一个统治长达20多年的独裁者最终放弃了权力。

这个革命的故事及其后一系列革命的发生并非偶然。中东和北非国家早就赢得了独立，但在太多的地方，这些国家的人民没有赢得独立。在太多的国家，权力集中在极少数人的手里。在太多的国家，像这位年轻小贩一样的公民无处求助--没有诚实的司法机构听取他的投诉，没有独立的媒体为他代言，没有具有公信力的政党代表他的观点，没有自由公平的选举可以让他来选择自己的领导人。

这种缺乏自决--按自己意志改变生活的机会--也表现在这个地区的经济上。的确，一些国家很幸运地享有石油和天然气财富，这导致了一些局部的繁荣。但是，在以知识为基础，在以创新为基础的全球经济中，没有任何发展战略可以仅仅以来自地下的东西为基础。在不贿赂就不能创业的环境中，人们也无法实现自己的潜能。

面对这些挑战，该地区太多的领导人试图把本国人民的不满引向它方。西方被指责为所有弊病的根源，可是殖民主义已结束了半个世纪。反对以色列成为唯一可被接受的政治言论。部落、民族和宗教派别隔阂被利用作为维持政权或从他人夺取政权的手段。

但是，过去六个月的事件告诉我们，镇压策略、转移视线的策略不再奏效。卫星电视和互联网提供了观察更广阔世界的窗口--一个出现了像印度、印度尼西亚和巴西等地的惊人进步的世界。手机和社交网络让年轻人以前所未有的方式联络和组织。一代新人开始出现。他们的声音告诉我们，变化不容否认。

在开罗（Cairo），我们听到年轻妈妈说：“这就像我终于第一次能够呼吸到新鲜空气。”

在萨那（Sanaa），我们听到学生高呼，“黑夜必将结束。”

在班加西（Benghazi），我们听到工程师说：“我们的言论现在自由了。这是一种难以言喻的感觉。”

在大马士革（Damascus），我们听到年轻人说：“经过第一次大喊，第一次大叫，你感受到了尊严。”

这些人类尊严的呼喊声响彻整个地区。这个地区的人民以非暴力的道德力量，在短短半年内促成的变革比恐怖主义分子几十年产生的变化更多。

当然，如此规模的改变来之不易。在我们今天的时代--24小时新闻循环，不间断的通讯--人们期待这个地区的转变在几周内就可以完成。但这段历程将需要经过多年时间才会到达终点。在途中，会有顺利的时候，也会有不顺利的时候。在有些地方，变化将是迅速的，在另一些地方，则是循序渐进的。正如我们已经看到，在有些情况下，改变的呼声可能转变成对权力的激烈争夺。

摆在我们面前的问题是，在这个进程中美国将扮演何种角色。几十年来，美国一直在该地区遵循一套核心利益：打击恐怖主义和制止核武器扩散、确保商业的自由流通、保卫该地区的安全；支持以色列的安全和追求阿拉伯-以色列和平。

我们将继续这样做，因为我们坚信，美国的利益与人民的希望并不敌对，而是对其十分重要。我们认为，任何人都不会从该地区的核军备竞赛中得到好处，也不会从“基地”组织的野蛮攻击中得到好处。我们认为，世界各地的人都会看到切断能源供应将造成他们的经济瘫痪。正如在海湾战争（Gulf War）中一样，我们不会容忍跨国界的侵略行为，我们将恪守对朋友和伙伴的承诺。

然而，我们必须承认，一个仅以对这些利益的狭隘追求为基础的战略不会让人有食果腹，也不会让人能够直抒己见。此外，不注重普通人民更广泛的渴求只会增加萦绕多年的怀疑，即美国靠牺牲他人而追求自己的利益。鉴于这种不信任是双向的--因为美国人曾因被扣押人质、暴力言论和导致数以千计公民丧生的恐怖袭击而留下痛苦的烙印--不改变我们的方法有可能使美国和阿拉伯世界之间的分歧循环深化。

这就是为什么两年前在开罗，我开始扩大以我们的共同利益和相互尊重为基础的交往。我当时相信，而且现在也相信，我们不但与这些国家的稳定利益攸关，而且与个人自决利益攸关。维持现状是不可能的。靠恐惧和压迫维持的社会也许可以一时带来稳定的幻觉，但它们是建立在断层上，终将土崩瓦解。

因此，我们面临着一个历史机遇。我们有机会来表明，在突尼斯街头小贩的尊严与独裁者的野蛮权力之间，美国更看重前者。不容质疑的是，美国欢迎促进自主与增进机会的变革。不错，与这个充满希望的时刻联袂而至的也有风险。但是，在数十年来一直接受这个地区的现状之后，我们现在有机会来争取让该地区变成它本应该有的样子。

当然，我们在这样做的时候必须抱着谦恭的态度。并不是美国把人们推上了突尼斯或开罗的街头，而是当地人民发起了这些示威抗议行动，最终也必须由当地人民自己决定结果如何。

并不是每个国家都会效仿我国代议制民主的特定形式，而且会有我们的短期利益与我们关于该地区的长期愿景并不完全相符的时候。但是我们能够而且将会阐明一系列核心原则--指引我们对以往六个月发生的各种事件作出回应的原则：

美国反对对该地区人民使用暴力与镇压手段。（掌声）

美国支持一系列普世权利。这些权利包括：言论自由、和平集会的自由、宗教自由、法治之下的男女平等，以及选择自己的领导人的自由--无论在巴格达（Baghdad）、大马士革（Damascus），还是萨那（Sanaa）或德黑兰（Tehran）。

我们支持发生在中东和北非的能够满足整个地区普通人民的合理愿望的政治与经济改革。

我们对这些原则的支持并不是我们的次要利益所在。今天，我要在这里明确宣布，这是一个我们必须将之转化为实际行动的当务之急，我们还将利用我们所掌握的所有外交、经济与战略手段予以支持。

具体来说，首先，促进整个地区的变革，支持向民主过渡将是美国的政策。这项努力始于埃及和突尼斯，那两个国家的成败利害攸关，因为突尼斯是掀起这场民主浪潮的先锋，而埃及既是我们的长期伙伴，也是阿拉伯世界最大的国家。这两个国家都能通过自由与公平的选举、充满活力的公民社会、实行问责与高效的民主机构，以及负责任的地区性领导作用树立优秀典范。但我们的支持还必须扩大到那些转型尚未开始的国家。

遗憾的是，到目前为止，在太多的国家里，要求改革的呼声被暴力压制，其中最极端的例子是利比亚（Libya），在那里，卡扎菲（Moammar Gaddafi）向他自己的人民发动了一场战争，并扬言要像灭老鼠一样把他们斩尽杀绝。正如我在美国加入国际联盟共同干预利比亚局势时所说，我们无法制止政权对其人民所施加的每一个不公正行为；我们在伊拉克的经验让我们认识到，无论多么用心良苦，试图用武力来实现政权更迭，其代价是多么高昂，而且是何等的困难。

但是在利比亚，我们看到的是迫在眉睫的大屠杀的可能性，我们获得了行动的授权，我们听到了利比亚人民要求援助的呼声。如果我们没有与我们的北约（NATO）盟友和该地区的联盟伙伴一起采取行动，数以千计的平民恐怕已经丧生。那样的情况只会说明：为了保住权力，杀死多少人都在所不惜。现在，卡扎菲的时间已经不多了。他已经失去对国家的控制，反对派已经组织起一个合法的、有信誉的临时委员会（Interim Council）。当卡扎菲无可避免地下台或是被罢黜时，数十年的挑衅将划上句号，利比亚向民主过渡的进程将会开始。

尽管利比亚出现最大规模的暴力，但它并不是国家领导人以压制手段来维持权力的唯一一个国家。就在最近，叙利亚（Syrian）政权选择了谋杀并大批逮捕其公民的道路。美国已经声明谴责这些行径，并正与国际社会一起采取行动加强对叙利亚政权的制裁，包括昨天宣布的对阿萨德总统（President Assad）及其亲信的制裁。

叙利亚人民要求向民主过渡表明了他们的勇气。阿萨德总统现在可以作出选择：他可以领导这场过渡，也可以让出道路。叙利亚政府必须停止向示威者开枪，并允许举行和平抗议活动。它必须释放政治犯并停止不公正的逮捕。它必须允许人权观察员进入达拉（Dara'a）等城市，并开始进行推动民主过渡的认真对话。否则，阿萨德总统及其政权将继续受到来自国内的挑战并在国外继续陷于孤立。

到目前为止，叙利亚一直追随其伊朗盟友，并就镇压策略向德黑兰求助。这说明了伊朗政权的虚伪，它宣称支持其他国家抗议者的权利，却镇压本国人民。让我们记住最初的和平抗议活动发生在德黑兰街头，而伊朗政府在那里残暴地镇压男女示威者，并把无辜的民众投入监狱。来自德黑兰建筑物顶部的抗议声今天仍然在我们耳边回响。一位年轻女子惨死街头的形象仍然铭刻在我们的记忆之中。我们将继续表明态度，伊朗人民应该获得他们的普世权利，应该享有一个不扼杀他们的理想的政府。

众所周知，我们反对伊朗的不容异见的做法和压制行为，反对伊朗非法从事的核项目及其对恐怖活动的支持。但是，如果美国要享有公信力，我们必须承认：我们在该地区的朋友们有时对于那些与我今天概述的原则一致的变革要求并没有作出应有的反应。在也门是如此--也门总统萨利赫（Saleh）需要兑现其转交政权的承诺--今天在巴林也是如此。

巴林是一个长期合作伙伴，我们致力于保障它的安全。我们认识到伊朗试图利用那里的骚乱，认识到巴林政府有维护法治的合法权益。

然而，我们在公开和非公开场合都表明，大规模逮捕和残酷的暴力与巴林公民的普世权利并不相容，这些做法不会使要求改革的合法呼声消失。唯一出路是政府与反对派进行对话，而当和平争取权利的一些反对派人士身陷囹圄时，无法进行真正的对话。（掌声）政府必须创造对话的条件，而反对党则必须参与对话，以便为全体巴林人民缔造一个公正的未来。的确，可从这一时期得出的更具广泛意义的教训之一是：派系分歧不是造成冲突的必然原因。在伊拉克，我们看到建立一个多族裔、多教派的民主国家的希望。伊拉克人民在争取民主的进程中拒绝了危险的政治暴力，尽管他们正在承接保护自身安全的全面责任。当然，与所有新兴民主国家一样，他们将面对各种挫折。但是，伊拉克如果继续走向和平，就会在该地区发挥重要的作用。在他们这样做的时候，我们将作为一个坚定的伙伴自豪地与他们站在一起。

因此，在未来几个月，美国必须运用我们所有的影响力来鼓励这个地区的改革。即使我们认识到每个国家各不相同，我们也必须坦诚地表明我们所坚信的原则，不管是对朋友还是对敌人。我们要传达的信息简单明了：如果你们承担改革所蕴含的风险，就会得到我们美国的全力支持。

我们还必须进一步努力，将我们的接触范围扩大到精英人士之外，联络将开创未来的群体，特别是年轻人。我们将继续兑现我在开罗所作的承诺--建立创业者网络，扩大教育交流，促进科技领域的合作以及防治疾病。在整个地区，我们打算为公民社会提供援助，其中包括那些可能未经政府认可的、敢于揭露不堪事实的组织。我们并将利用技术与人民沟通，倾听他们的呼声。

因为事实是，真正的改革不会仅仅通过投票实现。我们必须努力支持讲真话和获得信息的基本权利。我们必须支持互联网的自由开放，以及新闻记者--无论是大型新闻机构还是博客作者个人--的话语权。在21世纪，信息就是权力；真理不容掩盖；政府的合法性将最终取决于活跃和知情的公民。

这样的公开对话很重要，哪怕其中的言论与我们的世界观不符。我要说明：美国尊重公开表述一切和平与守法的言论的权利，哪怕我们不赞同这些言论，甚至有时强烈反对这些言论。

我们期待着与所有提倡真正的、有包容性的民主的人共同努力。我们将反对任何组织限制他人权利的任何企图，反对利用强迫手段--而不经[人民的]同意--把持权力。这是因为民主依靠的不仅是选举，而且是强大和负责任的机构，以及对少数派的权利的尊重。

这样的宽容在宗教问题上尤其重要。在自由广场（Tahrir Square），我们听到埃及各行各业人士高呼“穆斯林、基督徒，我们团结一心”。美国将努力确保这一精神得到发扬--所有宗教信仰都受到尊重，并在它们之间搭建桥梁。在这个世界三大宗教的发源地，不宽容只会导致痛苦和僵滞。为了在这个变革时期获得成功，什叶派在巴林的清真寺绝不应当遭到毁坏，同样地，开罗的科普特基督徒（Coptic Christians）也必须享有自由信教的权利。

宗教少数派的情况也同样表现在妇女权利上。历史表明，在妇女拥有权利的情况下，国家就更加繁荣太平。因此，我们将继续坚持妇女同男人一样享有普世权利--我们将提供针对儿童和母亲健康的援助；帮助妇女参与教学或创业；支持妇女争取让她们的声音得到倾听和竞选公职的权利。如果这里一半以上的人口无法发挥自己的潜力，这个地区也就永远无法实现自己的潜能。（掌声）

即使在这个地区促进政治改革和人权的同时，我们也不能将努力仅限于此。我们必须支持这个地区作出积极转变的第二个途径是，努力推动向民主转化的国家的经济发展。

政治毕竟不是人们上街示威的唯一原因；最终导致许多人走上街头的一个关键因素，是更为经常不断的与养家糊口相关的担忧。这个地区有太多的人每天醒来，除了设法度日和也许指望时来运转以外，无所期盼。这个地区到处都有大量受过良好教育的年轻人，然而由于经济封闭，他们无法找到工作。实业家虽创意层出不穷，但腐败使他们无法收益。

中东和北非地区未得到启用的最宝贵资源是那里的人民。在最近的示威活动中，人们运用技术手段转变了世界，也让我们看到了这些人才。解放广场上的领袖人物之一是谷歌（Google）一位主管，这不是偶然的巧合。现在需要的是，将这种能量在各个国家逐一汇聚起来，让街头的成果通过经济增长得到巩固。如同缺少个人机会可以导致民主革命一样，成功的民主转型取决于扩大发展和普遍繁荣。

基于我们在全世界的经验教训，我们认为必须注重贸易而不只是扶助，注重投资而不只是援助。必须让这样一个模式成为我们的目标--它使保护主义让位于开放；商贸控制权从少数人转到多数人手中；让经济给年轻人带来就业。因此，美国对民主的支持将基于确保金融稳定；促进改革；让竞争性市场相互融合并与全球经济接轨。我们将从突尼斯和埃及开始。

首先，我们已经要求世界银行（World Bank）和国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund）在下一次G-8峰会上提出计划，阐明我们为突尼斯和埃及实现经济稳定和现代化必须进行的工作。我们必须共同帮助他们克服各自民主运动期间出现的停滞状态，支持今年将通过选举产生的政府。我们也要求其他国家帮助埃及和突尼斯满足近期的财政需要。

第二，我们不希望一个民主的埃及受累于过去的债务。因此，我们将为民主的埃及免除高达10亿美元的债务，并将与我们的埃及伙伴协作，把这些资源用于促进经济增长和鼓励创业。我们还将为埃及担保10亿美元的债务，把这笔钱用于建设基础设施和增加就业，从而帮助埃及重新获得市场。我们也会帮助经过民主选举产生的新政府索回被盗窃的资产。

第三，我们正在与国会协作，建立“创业基金”（Enterprise Funds），在突尼斯和埃及投资。此类基金将仿照柏林墙倒塌后用于支持东欧过渡的基金。海外私人投资公司（OPIC）不久将启动一项20亿美元的贷款计划，广泛支持对这个地区的私人投资。另外，我们将与盟友协作，重新确定欧洲复兴开发银行（European Bank for Reconstruction and Development）的投资重点，像在欧洲那样支持中东和北非的民主过渡和经济现代化。

第四，美国将在中东和北非推出一项全面的“贸易和投资伙伴计划”（Trade and Investment Partnership Initiative）。如果不计算石油出口，这个拥有4亿多人口的地区的出口额与瑞士大致相等。因此，我们将与欧盟协作，促进这个地区内部的贸易，扩大现有协议，促进与美国及欧洲市场的整合，为作出一项地区性贸易安排打开大门，使那些推行高标准改革和贸易自由化的国家受益。正如欧盟成员资格被用于在欧洲鼓励改革一样，关于建设一个现代化的繁荣经济的愿景也应当成为在中东和北非推动改革的一股强大的力量。

要实现繁荣，还必须拆除阻挡进步的障碍--从人民手中窃取资产的精英阶层的腐败、阻碍把创新想法变成企业的繁缛的审批手续、基于部落或派系分配财富的制度。我们将与倡导改革的议员们以及利用科技手段推动增加透明度和向政府问责的社会活动人士协作，帮助政府履行其国际义务，大力反腐败。--政治与人权；经济改革。

最后，我要讲一下我们对该地区方针的另一块基石，它关系到追求和平。

数十年来，以色列人和阿拉伯人之间的冲突为该地区蒙上了阴影。对以色列人而言，这意味着生活在恐惧之中，担心校车上的孩子被炸或他们的住宅被火箭弹摧毁，同时痛苦地意识到该地区的其他孩子受到仇恨他们的教育。对巴勒斯坦人而言，这意味着忍受被占领的屈辱，永远没有机会在自己的国家生活。另外，这场冲突也使中东地区承受更大的代价，致使可能为普通人带来更大安全、繁荣和权利的伙伴关系无法建立。

两年多来，本届政府一直在与有关各方和国际社会共同努力结束这一争端，但预期的目标却没有实现。以色列修建定居点的活动还在继续。巴勒斯坦方面退出了谈判。全世界看到双方的冲突几十年来缠绵不休，认为这只能是一个僵局。的确有一些人强调，鉴于该地区的种种变化和不确定因素，根本不可能向前推进。

但我不这样认为。在中东和北非地区的人民摆脱历史包袱的时刻，实现一个能够结束争端并解决所有诉求的持久和平的愿望比以往任何时候都更加迫切。对于涉及此事的双方，这一点已经确定无疑。

对巴勒斯坦人而言，否认以色列合法性的做法只会以失败告终。九月份在联合国孤立以色列的象征性举动不可能促成一个独立国家的建立。如果哈马斯（Hamas）执意要走恐怖和否认的道路，巴勒斯坦领导人将无法实现和平或繁荣。巴勒斯坦人永远都无法通过否认以色列的生存权来实现自己的独立。

至于以色列，我们的友谊深深地植根于共同的历史和共同的价值观。我们对以色列安全的承诺是坚定不移的。我们还将反对试图在国际论坛上仅对以色列进行指责的举动。但正是出于我们之间的友谊，我们必须实言相告：这种现状是无法持续的，为推动实现持久和平，以色列也必须采取有魄力的行动。

实际情况是，有越来越多的巴勒斯坦人生活在约旦河以西地区。新技术将增加以色列保卫自己的难度。一个正在经历巨变的地区将促使民粹主义出现，这里的千百万人民--而不仅仅是个别领导人--必须相信和平是可能实现的。国际社会已对一个从未产生任何结果的无休止的进程感到厌倦。一个犹太人的民主国家的梦想无法通过永久占领来实现。

归根结底，以色列人和巴勒斯坦人必须采取行动。不可能把和平强加给他们-美国不可能做到，任何人都不可能做到。但无休止的拖延也不可能解决问题。美国和国际社会能够做到的是直言不讳地说明人人皆知的事实：持久和平必须有属于两个民族的两个国家。一个是作为犹太人家园的犹太国家以色列，另一个是作为巴勒斯坦人的家园的巴勒斯坦国；这两个国家都享有自决权，相互承认，和平共处。

因此，尽管这一争端的核心问题必须通过谈判解决，但有关谈判的基础是明确的：一个能独立生存的巴勒斯坦和一个有安全保障的以色列。美国认为有关谈判应当产生两国格局，划定巴勒斯坦与以色列、约旦和埃及之间的永久边界，并划定以色列与巴勒斯坦之间的永久边界。我们认为，以巴边界应当以1967年的界线为基础，并根据双方达成的协议交换土地，使两个国家都有安全的、得到承认的边界。巴勒斯坦人民必须拥有主权、领土完整的国家，有权实行自治并充分发挥他们的潜能。

至于安全，每个国家都有自卫的权利，以色列也必须能够有力量保卫自己，应对任何威胁；还必须有充分的准备，防范恐怖主义复苏，制止武器偷运，有效地保障边界安全。以色列阶段性的全面撤军应该与巴勒斯坦在一个非军事化的主权国家内部承担安全责任的过程相协调。对于这段过渡期的长短必须达成共识，安全措施的效力也必须得到证实。

这些原则为谈判奠定了基础。巴勒斯坦应该能够确知其国家的边界，以色列应该能够确知其基本安全得到保障。我知道这两个步骤本身并不足以解决冲突，因为此外还有两个充满感情纠结的问题：耶路撒冷的未来和巴勒斯坦难民的命运。但是，只要现在基于边界和安全问题向前迈进，就会以尊重以色列人和巴勒斯坦人的权利和愿望的公正和公平的方式为解决这两个问题打下基础。

我谨在此表明：认识到谈判需要始于边界和安全问题并不意味着可以轻而易举地重启谈判。具体而言，法塔赫（Fatah）和哈马斯（Hamas）最近公布的一项协议使以色列面对一个有正当理由的根本性问题：你如何能够同一个表示不愿意承认你的生存权的对手谈判？在接下来数周和数月的时间内，巴勒斯坦领导人必须对这个问题提出可信的答案。在此期间，美国、我们的四方集团（Quartet）伙伴以及阿拉伯国家必须继续尽力打破目前的僵局。

我知道做到这一点有多么困难。几代人以来，猜疑和敌意代代相传，有时候变得更加根深蒂固。可是我确信，大多数以色列人和巴勒斯坦人希望面向未来，而非自陷于过去的泥淖。我们在其儿子被哈马斯杀害的一名以色列父亲身上看到这种精神，他协助发起了一个组织，聚集痛失亲人的以色列人和巴勒斯坦人。他说：“我逐渐认识到，进步的唯一希望在于认清冲突的面目。”我们也在一名于以色列炮轰加沙（Gaza）时失去三个女儿的巴勒斯坦人身上看到这种精神。那位父亲说：“我有权利感到愤怒。许多人都以为我会仇恨。我对他们的回答是：我不会仇恨。让我们对明天充满希望。”

这是一个必须做出的选择──不仅是在以色列和巴勒斯坦的冲突中，而是在整个地区内──在仇恨和希望之间、在过去的枷锁和未来的承诺之间做出选择。这是一个必须由领导人和人民做出的选择，它会确定一个曾经是文明的摇篮和冲突的坩埚的地区的未来。

尽管未来的道路上充满挑战，我们依然有很多理由抱持希望。在埃及，我们在领导抗议的年轻人的努力中看到它。在叙利亚，我们在那些冒着弹雨呼喊“和平、和平”的人们的勇气中看到它。在受到毁灭威胁的城市班加西（Benzhazi），我们在聚集于法庭广场庆祝未曾有过的自由的民众身上也看到它。在整个地区，那些挣脱魔掌的人们正在为获得我们视为理所当然的权利而欢欣鼓舞。

对于美国人民来说，该地区的动荡情势可能令人不安，但是对背后的驱动力量并不感到陌生。我们自己的国家就是通过反抗帝国建立起来的。我们的祖先曾经打过痛苦的内战，将自由和尊严扩大到曾经饱受奴役的人们。如果不是过去的世世代代以非暴力的道德力量作为完善我们联邦的方式-共同以和平的方式进行组织、游行及抗议，使我国的建国宣言变成真实，我今天就不可能站在这里：“我们认为这些真理不言而喻，人人生而平等。”

我们必须以这些箴言为指导，对使中东和北非发生蜕变的变革作出反应--这些箴言告诉我们，专制压迫必然失败，暴君必将垮台，每一位男男女女都拥有某些不可剥夺的权利。

这并非易事。进步的道路不可能笔直向前，希望的季节总是伴随着艰苦。然而，美利坚合众国当初是建立在人民应当自治的信念上。现在，我们应该毫不犹豫，坚定地站在那些正在争取自己权利的人们一边，知道他们的成功将会带来一个更和平、更稳定、更公正的世界。

多谢大家，感谢你们各位。（掌声）谢谢你们。

第三篇：国务卿希拉里克林顿就奥巴马政府公布《网络空间国际战略》发表讲话

国务卿希拉里﹒克林顿就奥巴马政府公布《网络空间国际战略》发表讲话

2011年5月16日

华盛顿特区

白宫

克林顿国务卿：非常感谢各位。你们可以从约翰（John）的介绍中猜到，我们对这一天的到来感到非常欣慰。我们对我国政府各部门为这项《网络空间国际战略》（International Strategy for Cyberspace）的公布所做的卓越工作感到高兴，并期待着同我国的私营行业、其他国家以及持有与这份新文件所述的相同目标的其他各方合作--这个目标就是，要努力实现最初制定的目标，即美国将与国际社会合作，促进开放、互通、安全和可靠的信息与通讯基础设施，支持国际贸易与商务，加强国际安全，促进自由表达和创新。为了实现这一目标，我们要建立和保持一种环境，让负责任的行为准则来指导国家行动，维持合作关系，并且支持网络空间的法治。

这项政策基本概括了美国所追求的目标。在座各位中的很多人代表着与我们有同样志向的其他国家政府以及私营行业、基金会或公民社会团体，这个志向是，要确保互联网的开放、安全和自由，不仅为现在网上的20亿网民，而且也为未来将会上网的更多亿人。

人们在网上所能做的事--能否公开交流思想和意见、自由探索自己愿意的话题、免遭网络罪犯的侵害、在网上从事专业和个人活动并相信在这样做时享有隐私和安全--都在极大程度上取决于我们将共同采取的政策。

在座很多人都知道，国务院在促进互联网自由方面身先士卒。我看见亚历克?罗斯（Alec Ross）在座，他负责我们这方面的工作。这是网络政策中的一个关键方面。但我们非常清楚，问题似乎将是层出不穷的，我们需要制定、落实和协调针对各种网络问题的政策。美国《网络空间国际战略》就是为了帮助我们做到这点。因为如约翰所说，这项战略首次将美国追求的各项不同政策纳入一个框架，形成全政府协调一致的方针。

它还首次阐明了指导我们工作的所有原则--贯穿于我们外交政策的原则，如坚持基本 自由--我们认为互联网是该自由的一部分。以及我的同事将要阐述的这个政策的所有其他方面。我们力求真正处理网络空间提出的所有难题和挑战。而且我们很清楚，我们今天写入的一切，随着新挑战和新机会的出现必须不断更新。因为虽然互联网为人民行使政治权利提供了新的途径，但正如我们在过去几个月清楚看到的，它也给政府压制异己提供了新的工具。虽然互联网在各个发展层面给人民带来了新机遇，它也给犯罪分子窃取个人数据和知识产权打开了新的缺口。虽然互联网可以使各国政府和人民更密切地进行跨国合作，可是当政府或其他人故意破坏网络或者恐怖分子使用互联网来组织袭击时，它也成为发生冲突的新疆场。

因此，我们争取最大程度地发挥互联网的巨大能力，加速人类进步，同时让我们的反应和工具更加锐利，以对付网络空间中的威胁、问题和纷争。

当我们审视这个战略的时候，我想说清楚它不是什么。它不是一套处方，这是一个重要区别。因为我们要努力实现一个开放、互通、安全和可靠的网络空间，没有一个一刀切的、直通这个目标的途径。我们必须围绕着未来网络空间的愿景建立全球共识，以确保其有利于，而不是阻碍，全世界人民的社会、经济和政治诉求。这只能通过耐心的、持续的和创造性的外交。

因此，这个战略确定了七个关键的政策重点，这将是我们未来拓展外交的重点。它们是：第一，经济参与以鼓励创新和贸易，同时保护知识产权；第二，网络安全以保护我们的网络并加强国际安全；第三，执法以提高我们应对网络犯罪的能力，包括适时加强国际法律和法规；第四，军方合作以帮助我们各联盟采取更多措施共同应对网络威胁，同时确保我军的网络安全；第五，包含相关多方的互联网管理以使网络发挥应有效力；第六，帮助其他国家制定其数字基础设施和建设抵御网络威胁的能力，通过发展支持新生合作伙伴；最后，对我们来说非常重要的一点是，互联网自由。我们希望进行更多的合作，像在网下一样保护隐私权，保证言论、集会、结社的基本自由。总之，这七个重点构成了新的外交政策必要措施，国务院一直在实行这些措施并将继续发挥领导作用。

为推进这些措施，我们正在力争把网络空间事务贯穿到我们的各类项目中，从与其他国家合作制止犯罪集团，到经济外交，到我们对全世界妇女和女童的支持。我们已经拟定了旨在利用新技术来实现我们的外交和发展目标的21世纪治国议程；我们要与在座的合作伙伴一起继续推进这一事业。我们正在世界各地资助能力建设，以帮助更多国家对互联网发挥更重要的作用。我们对互联网自由的重视已经表明，我们支持人权与民主活动人士的努力，要让他们能够有公开的互联网的上网机会。我们正在资助尖端科技项目，以使他们即使在政府试图压制他们的声音或阻隔他们上网的情况下，具有有效、安全互通信息和向外界传递信息的手段与技术能力。

为了协调上述以及其他相关努力，我们建立了一个新的网际事务协调员办公室（Office of the Coordinator for Cyber Issues）。现在在国务院负责该项工作的是克里斯·佩因特（Chris Painter）。他是这个领域的资深专家，原任职于白宫和国家安全委员会（NSC），他在那边参与领导了我们今天发布的这一战略的制订。当我们与其他国家及合作伙伴共同努力推进这些范围广泛的目标时，国务院这方面的工作将由克里斯的办公室牵头。

基于这一战略，我们对网络空间的工作现在进入了下一个阶段，我们也看到其他国家在如何调整它们各自的政策方针。我们认识到，我们不能再继续进行零敲碎打、分散孤立的讨论，因为如今许多国家已经更加注重互联网政策，随着更多公民上网，我们所进行的有关网络空间问题的国际讨论却往往仅限于分别处理单项问题。我们的外交官员与他们的国际同行就网络犯罪问题举行会晤，然后在另一个场合讨论网络自由，最后再在第三个场合就网络安全问题交换意见。

我们目前在国际上没有以综合协调的方式应对这些问题，因此，我们现在要基于我们的战略来做到这点。我们希望你们确实通读这一战略，希望你们同我们交流，希望你们审视它，理解我们的原则和方针，然后与我们一起努力帮助将这一战略付诸实施。网络空间的变化就发生在我们眼前，我们必须影响这种变化。让我们感到兴奋的是，这项战略为我们提供了可依循的前进路线图。我期待今后数月中与你们共同努力，将这项战略化为行动。现在请欢迎我的同事、司法部长埃里克·霍尔德（Eric Holder）讲话。（

第四篇：米歇尔为奥巴马连任竞选所做的演讲综述

米歇尔.奥巴马在DNC美国民主党代表大会的演讲完整视频及演讲稿 kira86 于2012-09-06发布 l 已有18385人浏览增大字体

减小字体

小E英语：内容/平台运营招聘外教任意选，每天陪你练口语公交车上也能听英语英语口语8000句

美国第一夫人Michelle Obama在民主党全国大会DNC上的演说视频完整版及英语演讲稿。米歇尔一展母仪天下风范，0

Transcript of first lady Michelle Obama's speech at the Democratic National Convention, as prepared for delivery: First lady Michelle Obama speaks at the Democratic National Convention in

Charlotte, N.C., on Tuesday

第一夫人米歇尔奥巴马国会演讲.jpg

美国第一夫人Michelle Obama在民主党全国大会DNC上的演说视频完整版及英语演讲稿。米歇尔一展母仪天下风范，现场观众欢呼的欢呼，鼓掌的鼓掌，抽泣的抽泣，抹泪的抹泪，感动的噼里啪啦一塌糊涂。这个“皇后”确实可以对内对外。精辟的话如“今天，当我们面对的挑战显得铺天盖地——甚至无法战胜的时候——让我们永远不要忘记，行不可能之事正是这个国家的历史，这是我们美国人的根性，这是我们的立国之本。”

米歇尔·奥巴马在美国民主党代表大会上的演讲英语演讲稿：

Thank you so much, Elaine...we are so grateful for your family's service and sacrifice...and we will always have your back.Over the past few years as First Lady, I have had the extraordinary privilege of traveling all across this country.And everywhere I've gone, in the people I've met, and the stories I've heard, I have seen the very best of the American spirit.I have seen it in the incredible kindness and warmth that people have shown me and my family, especially our girls.I've seen it in teachers in a near-bankrupt school district who vowed to keep teaching without pay.I've seen it in people who become heroes at a moment's notice, diving into harm's way to save others...flying across the country to put out a fire...driving for hours to bail out a flooded town.And I've seen it in our men and women in uniform and our proud military families...in wounded warriors who tell me they're not just going to walk again, they're going to run, and they're going to run marathons...in the young man blinded by a bomb in Afghanistan who said, simply, “...I'd give my eyes 100 times again to have the chance to do what I have done and what I can still do.”

Every day, the people I meet inspire me...every day, they make me proud...every day they remind me how blessed we are to live in the greatest nation on earth.非常感谢你,伊莲……我们很感激您的家庭服务和牺牲……我们总是会有你的背部。

作为第一夫人在过去的几年中,我有非凡的特权在这个国家旅行。无论我走了,在我见过的人,和我听说的故事,我看到了最好的美国精神。我已经看到它在不可思议的善良和温暖,我和我的家人,特别是我们的女孩。我看到在一家濒临破产的学区教师谁发誓要保持教学但不付薪水的实习工作。我看过它的人成为英雄即刻,深入的挽救他人……全国各地飞往灭火……开车几个小时救助淹没城镇。我看到在我们的男女军人和骄傲的军人家庭……在受伤的战士,他们告诉我,他们不是去走路了,他们要跑,要跑马拉松…在年轻人的一枚炸弹在阿富汗人说,简单地说,“…我会给我的眼睛再次100倍,有机会做我所做,我还能做什么。” 每一天,我遇见的人激励着我……每一天,他们让我自豪……他们每天提醒我我们是多么幸福生活在这个地球上最伟大的国家。

Serving as your First Lady is an honor and a privilege...but back when we first came together four years ago, I still had some concerns about this journey we'd begun.While I believed deeply in my husband's vision for this country...and I was certain he would make an extraordinary President...like any mother, I was worried about what it would mean for our girls if he got that chance.How would we keep them grounded under the glare of the national spotlight?

How would they feel being uprooted from their school, their friends, and the only home they'd ever known?

Our life before moving to Washington was filled with simple joys...Saturdays at soccer games, Sundays at grandma's house...and a date night for Barack and me was either dinner or a movie, because as an exhausted mom, I couldn't stay awake for both.And the truth is, I loved the life we had built for our girls...I deeply loved the man I had built that life with...and I didn't want that to change if he became President.I loved Barack just the way he was.You see, even though back then Barack was a Senator and a presidential candidate...to me, he was still the guy who'd picked me up for our dates in a car that was so rusted out, I could actually see the pavement going by through a hole in the passenger side door...he was the guy whose proudest possession was a coffee table he'd found in a dumpster, and whose only pair of decent shoes was half a size too small.But when Barack started telling me about his family – that's when I knew I had found a kindred spirit, someone whose values and upbringing were so much like mine.You see, Barack and I were both raised by families who didn't have much in the way of money or material possessions but who had given us something far more valuable – their unconditional love, their unflinching sacrifice, and the chance to go places they had never imagined for themselves.My father was a pump operator at the city water plant, and he was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis when my brother and I were young.And even as a kid, I knew there were plenty of days when he was in pain...I knew there were plenty of mornings when it was a struggle for him to simply get out of bed.But every morning, I watched my father wake up with a smile, grab his walker, prop himself up against the bathroom sink, and slowly shave and button his uniform.And when he returned home after a long day's work, my brother and I would stand at the top of the stairs to our little apartment, patiently waiting to greet him...watching as he reached down to lift one leg, and then the other, to slowly climb his way into our arms.But despite these challenges, my dad hardly ever missed a day of work...he and my mom were determined to give me and my brother the kind of education they could only dream of.And when my brother and I finally made it to college, nearly all of our tuition came from student loans and grants.But my dad still had to pay a tiny portion of that tuition himself.And every semester, he was determined to pay that bill right on time, even taking out loans when he fell short.He was so proud to be sending his kids to college...and he made sure we never missed a registration deadline because his check was late.You see, for my dad, that's what it meant to be a man.Like so many of us, that was the measure of his success in life – being able to earn a decent living that allowed him to support his family.And as I got to know Barack, I realized that even though he'd grown up all the way across the country, he'd been brought up just like me.Barack was raised by a single mother who struggled to pay the bills, and by grandparents who stepped in when she needed help.Barack's grandmother started out as a secretary at a community bank...and she moved quickly up the ranks...but like so many women, she hit a glass ceiling.And for years, men no more qualified than she was – men she had actually trained – were promoted up the ladder ahead of her, earning more and more money while Barack's family continued to scrape by.But day after day, she kept on waking up at dawn to catch the bus...arriving at work before anyone else...giving her best without complaint or regret.And she would often tell Barack, “So long as you kids do well, Bar, that's all that really matters.”

Like so many American families, our families weren't asking for much.They didn't begrudge anyone else's success or care that others had much more than they did...in fact, they admired it.They simply believed in that fundamental American promise that, even if you don't start out with much, if you work hard and do what you're supposed to do, then you should be able to build a decent life for yourself and an even better life for your kids and grandkids.That's how they raised us...that's what we learned from their example.We learned about dignity and decency – that how hard you work matters more than how much you make...that helping others means more than just getting ahead yourself.We learned about honesty and integrity – that the truth matters...that you don't take shortcuts or play by your own set of rules...and success doesn't count unless you earn it fair and square.We learned about gratitude and humility – that so many people had a hand in our success, from the teachers who inspired us to the janitors who kept our school clean...and we were taught to value everyone's contribution and treat everyone with respect.Those are the values Barack and I – and so many of you – are trying to pass on to our own children.That's who we are.And standing before you four years ago, I knew that I didn't want any of that to change if Barack became President.Well, today, after so many struggles and triumphs and moments that have tested my husband in ways I never could have imagined, I have seen firsthand that being president doesn't change who you are – it reveals who you are.You see, I've gotten to see up close and personal what being president really looks like.And I've seen how the issues that come across a President's desk are always the hard ones – the problems where no amount of data or numbers will get you to the right answer...the judgment calls where the stakes are so high, and there is no margin for error.And as President, you can get all kinds of advice from all kinds of people.But at the end of the day, when it comes time to make that decision, as President, all you have to guide you are your values, and your vision, and the life experiences that make you who you are.So when it comes to rebuilding our economy, Barack is thinking about folks like my dad and like his grandmother.He's thinking about the pride that comes from a hard day's work.That's why he signed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act to help women get equal pay for equal work.That's why he cut taxes for working families and small businesses and fought to get the auto industry back on its feet.That's how he brought our economy from the brink of collapse to creating jobs again – jobs you can raise a family on, good jobs right here in the United States of America.When it comes to the health of our families, Barack refused to listen to all those folks who told him to leave health reform for another day, another president.He didn't care whether it was the easy thing to do politically – that's not how he was raised – he cared that it was the right thing to do.He did it because he believes that here in America, our grandparents should be able to afford their medicine...our kids should be able to see a doctor when they're sick...and no one in this country should ever go broke because of an accident or illness.And he believes that women are more than capable of making our own choices about our bodies and our health care...that's what my husband stands for.When it comes to giving our kids the education they deserve, Barack knows that like me and like so many of you, he never could've attended college without financial aid.And believe it or not, when we were first married, our combined monthly student loan bills were actually higher than our mortgage.We were so young, so in love, and so in debt.That's why Barack has fought so hard to increase student aid and keep interest rates down, because he wants every young person to fulfill their promise and be able to attend college without a mountain of debt.So in the end, for Barack, these issues aren't political – they're personal.Because Barack knows what it means when a family struggles.He knows what it means to want something more for your kids and grandkids.Barack knows the American Dream because he's lived it...and he wants everyone in this country to have that same opportunity, no matter who we are, or where we're from, or what we look like, or who we love.And he believes that when you've worked hard, and done well, and walked through that doorway of opportunity...you do not slam it shut behind you...you reach back, and you give other folks the same chances that helped you succeed.So when people ask me whether being in the White House has changed my husband, I can honestly say that when it comes to his character, and his convictions, and his heart, Barack Obama is still the same man I fell in love with all those years ago.He's the same man who started his career by turning down high paying jobs and instead working in struggling neighborhoods where a steel plant had shut down, fighting to rebuild those communities and get folks back to work...because for Barack, success isn't about how much money you make, it's about the difference you make in people's lives.He's the same man who, when our girls were first born, would anxiously check their cribs every few minutes to ensure they were still breathing, proudly showing them off to everyone we knew.That's the man who sits down with me and our girls for dinner nearly every night, patiently answering their questions about issues in the news, and strategizing about middle school friendships.That's the man I see in those quiet moments late at night, hunched over his desk, poring over the letters people have sent him.The letter from the father struggling to pay his bills...from the woman dying of cancer whose insurance company won't cover her care...from the young person with so much promise but so few opportunities.I see the concern in his eyes...and I hear the determination in his voice as he tells me, “You won't believe what these folks are going through, Michelle...it's not right.We've got to keep working to fix this.We've got so much more to do.”

I see how those stories – our collection of struggles and hopes and dreams – I see how that's what drives Barack Obama every single day.And I didn't think it was possible, but today, I love my husband even more than I did four years ago...even more than I did 23 years ago, when we first met.I love that he's never forgotten how he started.I love that we can trust Barack to do what he says he's going to do, even when it's hard – especially when it's hard.I love that for Barack, there is no such thing as “us” and “them” – he doesn't care whether you're a Democrat, a Republican, or none of the above...he knows that we all love our country...and he's always ready to listen to good ideas...he's always looking for the very best in everyone he meets.And I love that even in the toughest moments, when we're all sweating it – when we're worried that the bill won't pass, and it seems like all is lost – Barack never lets himself get distracted by the chatter and the noise.Just like his grandmother, he just keeps getting up and moving forward...with patience and wisdom, and courage and grace.And he reminds me that we are playing a long game here...and that change is hard, and change is slow, and it never happens all at once.But eventually we get there, we always do.We get there because of folks like my Dad...folks like Barack's grandmother...men and women who said to themselves, “I may not have a chance to fulfill my dreams, but maybe my children will...maybe my grandchildren will.”

So many of us stand here tonight because of their sacrifice, and longing, and steadfast love...because time and again, they swallowed their fears and doubts and did what was hard.So today, when the challenges we face start to seem overwhelming – or even impossible – let us never forget that doing the impossible is the history of this nation...it's who we are as Americans...it's how this country was built.And if our parents and grandparents could toil and struggle for us...if they could raise beams of steel to the sky, send a man to the moon, and connect the world with the touch of a button...then surely we can keep on sacrificing and building for our own kids and grandkids.And if so many brave men and women could wear our country's uniform and sacrifice their lives for our most fundamental rights...then surely we can do our part as citizens of this great democracy to exercise those rights...surely, we can get to the polls and make our voices heard on Election Day.If farmers and blacksmiths could win independence from an empire...if immigrants could leave behind everything they knew for a better life on our shores...if women could be dragged to jail for seeking the vote...if a generation could defeat a depression, and define greatness for all time...if a young preacher could lift us to the mountaintop with his righteous dream...and if proud Americans can be who they are and boldly stand at the altar with who they love...then surely, surely we can give everyone in this country a fair chance at that great American Dream.Because in the end, more than anything else, that is the story of this country – the story of unwavering hope grounded in unyielding struggle.That is what has made my story, and Barack's story, and so many other American stories possible.And I say all of this tonight not just as First Lady...and not just as a wife.You see, at the end of the day, my most important title is still “mom-in-chief.”

My daughters are still the heart of my heart and the center of my world.But today, I have none of those worries from four years ago about whether Barack and I were doing what's best for our girls.Because today, I know from experience that if I truly want to leave a better world for my daughters, and all our sons and daughters...if we want to give all our children a foundation for their dreams and opportunities worthy of their promise...if we want to give them that sense of limitless possibility – that belief that here in America, there is always something better out there if you're willing to work for it...then we must work like never before...and we must once again come together and stand together for the man we can trust to keep moving this great country forward...my husband, our President, President Barack Obama.Thank you, God bless you, and God bless America.

第五篇：克林顿国务卿为纪念世界艾滋病日发表讲话

Secretary Clinton on Observance of World AIDS Day Washington, D.C.SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you all very much.Oh my goodness.Thank you.I think we could just end the program right now.(Laughter.)Florence, thank you.Thank you for continuing to be a smiling advocate on behalf of an AIDS-free generation.And congratulations on those two sons of yours, who are the strongest evidence of what we can achieve.I’m very grateful to you for sharing your energy, your story, and your passion with us today.I am so pleased to have this opportunity to unveil, formally, the blueprint for an AIDS-free generation.And this could not have happened without Dr.Eric Goosby.I’ve known Eric a long time.When I decided to accept the President’s offer to become Secretary of State, I knew there was only one person that I would hope to recruit to become our Global AIDS Ambassador.Because Eric has both the firsthand experience, going back to the very beginning of his medical training and practice in San Francisco, to the vision he has as to continue to push us to do even more than we think we possibly can, and the drive to actually deliver that.He’s a unique human being, and we are so grateful for his service.And I want to return the favor, my friend, and thank you publicly for everything you have done.(Applause.)Also sitting in the front row is the man who has been leading the government’s research efforts from the very early days of the epidemic, Dr.Tony Fauci.Thank you for being here and thank you for everything you have done.(Applause.)From USAID, we have Dr.Ariel Pablos-Mendez, who has also been, along with everyone at USAID and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other government agencies, one of those public servants who has dedicated his or her life to this work.So I am grateful to everyone in our government who has done what has made all the difference.We could not be making this announcement had it not been for the countless hours in laboratories, at bedsides, in the field, everything that people have contributed.And also let me thank Michel Sidibe, who has also been on the frontlines, and from UNAIDS, an absolutely essentially organization in playing the irreplaceable role in this fight.Thank you so much, Michel.(Applause.)And Dr.Dlamini-Zuma, the first woman to chair the African Union Commission, a longtime public servant, government official, activist in South Africa.The AU is a critical partner in our work against HIV/AIDS, and I don’t think there’s anyone who is better positioned to lead the AU at this time.And the fact she’s the first women to lead the AU in its 50-year history is an additional benefit.Thank you so much, my friend.(Applause.)And to Senator Enzi and Congresswoman Lee and Congressman Bass, who truly have been leaders, but also represent members of Congress on both sides of the aisle.This is a program that really has had bipartisan support – the leadership of President Bush in creating PEPFAR, the commitment and leadership of President Obama.This is something that I think has really made a difference for Americans and for America.It represents our very best values in practice.So to all the members of Congress, the advocates and activists, the scientists, people living with HIV, thank you for joining us as we take this next step in the journey we began years ago, but which we formally announced a year ago, to change the course of this pandemic and usher in an AIDS-free generation.Now, make no mistake about it: HIV may well be with us into the future.But the disease that it causes need not be.We can reach a point where virtually no children are born with the virus, and as these children become teenagers and adults, they are at a far lower risk of becoming infected than they are today.And if they do acquire HIV, they have access to treatment that helps prevent them from not only from developing AIDS, but from and passing the virus on to others.Now earlier this year, at the International AIDS Conference here in Washington, I described some of the steps we have taken to achieve an AIDS-free generation.And today, I want to step back and make two broad points about this goal.First, let’s remember why, after so many years of discouraging news, this goal is now possible.By applying evidence-based strategies in the most effective combinations, we have cut the number of new infections dramatically.Just last week, UNAIDS announced that, over the past decade, the rate of new HIV infections has dropped by more than half in 25 low-and-middle-income countries, most of them in Sub-Saharan Africa.Just listen to these numbers: In Zimbabwe, a 50 percent reduction;in Namibia, a 68 percent reduction;and in Malawi, a 73 percent reduction in the rate of new infections.So as we continue to drive down the number of new infections and drive up the number of people on treatment, eventually we will be able to treat more people than become infected every year.That will be the tipping point.We will then get ahead of the pandemic, and an AIDS-free generation will be in our sight.Now, we don’t know how long it will take to do this everywhere, but we know that we can do it.And that brings me to the second point: We’ve set the goal.We know it’s possible.Now we have to deliver.That may sound obvious, but it isn’t, because the history of global health and development is littered with grand plans that never panned out.And that matters, because if we make commitments and then fail to keep them, not only will our credibility be diminished, but people will lose heart.They will conclude, wrongly, that progress just isn’t possible, and everyone will lose faith in each other.That will cost lives.And in the fight against HIV/AIDS, failing to live up to our commitments isn’t just disappointing, it is deadly.That’s why I am so relentlessly focused on delivering results.In July, I asked Eric Goosby and his team to produce a plan to show precisely how America will help achieve an AIDS-free generation.As I said then, I want the next Congress, the next Secretary of State, and our partners everywhere to know how we will contribute to achieving this goal.And the result is the blueprint we are releasing today.It lays out five goals and many specific steps we will take to accomplish those goals.First, we are committing to rapidly scaling up the most effective prevention and treatment interventions.And today, I can announce some new numbers that show how far we’ve already come.This year, through PEPFAR, we directly supported nearly 5.1 million people on antiretroviral treatment.(Applause.)That is a 200 percent increase since 2008.Now, think for a moment what this means.What did Florence say was the only hope she could give her fellow women living with HIV? She said it was the ARVs.And this year, the American people gave that hope to more than 5 million of their fellow citizens on this earth.And through them, we gave hope to their families and communities, and I think that should make every American profoundly proud.Now, our second goal is that the blueprint says we have to go where the virus is, targeting the populations at the greatest risk of contracting HIV, including people who inject drugs, sex workers, and those trafficked into prostitution, and men who have sex with men.(Applause.)When discrimination, stigma, and other factors drive these groups into the shadows, the epidemic becomes that much harder to fight.That’s why we are supporting country-led plans to expand services for key populations, and bolstering the efforts of civil society groups to reach out to them.And we are investing in research to identify the interventions that are most effective for each key population.As part of our effort to go where the virus is, we are focusing even more intently on women and girls, because they are still at higher risk then men of acquiring HIV because of gender inequity and violence.So we are working to ensure that HIV/AIDS programs recognize the particular needs of women and girls, for example, by integrating these efforts with family planning and reproductive health services.(Applause.)We are also working to prevent and respond to gender-based violence, invest in girls’ education, address gender inequality, and take other steps that have been proven to lower their risk of contracting the virus.Third, we will promote sustainability, efficiency, and effectiveness.We’ve already saved hundreds of millions of dollars by switching to generic drugs in our treatment regimen.And we will continue to ensure that we get the most out of every dollar spent.Fourth, we will promote a global effort to achieve an AIDS-free generation, because this must be a shared responsibility.That means our partner countries must step up to the responsibilities of country ownership.And we look to our partner countries to define the services their people need the most, set priorities, and convene funding partners to coordinate.Donors must meet their funding commitments while also doing more to support country ownership.To drive all these efforts, the United States will continue to support the Global Fund, we will invest in global health diplomacy, and use our diplomatic leverage to support our goals and bring others to the table.And I have to say I was so impressed when I was in South Africa this summer.I went to Cape Town.We – Eric and I went together, Ambassador was there, along with the South African Minister of Health, who has been an exemplary leader.Let’s give the Minister of Health of South Africa a round of applause.(Applause.)He has worked so hard with a great team and with President Zuma’s full support to really take on the responsibility of country ownership and management.And when we were in the clinic in Cape Town, we saw some really impressive developments, including a more efficient way to dispense the drugs that are needed.And it was a great tribute to what the South African Government has been able to do in the last four years.Now finally – and this is really a call for the entire global health community – science and evidence must continue to guide our work.For our part, the United States will support research on innovative technologies for prevention and treatment, such as microbicides and approaches that stave off opportunistic infections like TB.We will set clear, measurable benchmarks and monitor our progress toward them so we can focus our funding on what works.It is science that has brought us to this point;it is science that will allow us to finish this job.So with this blueprint, I firmly believe we have laid out a plan that every American president and secretary and Congress will want to build on.And I urge other countries to develop their own blueprints, because to reach and AIDS-free generation, we have to keep moving forward.So if we have any doubt about the importance of this work, just think of the joy and that big smile on Florence’s face when she told us about giving birth to her two healthy HIV-negative sons.And think of that same sense of joy rippling out across an entire generation, tens of millions of mothers and fathers whose children will be born free of this disease, who will not know the horror of AIDS.That is the world we are working for, and nothing could be more exciting, more inspiring, more deserving of our dedication than that.So I thank everyone across our government, because I know this was a whole-of-government effort.I thank you all for everything you have done, are doing, and will do to deliver on this important goal.And now it’s my great pleasure to welcome my friend and partner in the effort to the stage, the leader of UNAIDS, Michel Sidibe.(Applause.)

克林顿国务卿为纪念世界艾滋病日发表讲话

克林顿国务卿：非常感谢大家。真不得了！谢谢大家。我想现在就可以结束这个活动了。（笑声）谢谢你，弗洛伦斯（Florence）。感谢你继续面带微笑地倡导整个一代人无艾滋病的目标。并祝贺你的两个儿子，他们最有力地证实了我们所能取得的成就。我非常感激你今天与我们分享你的能量、你的故事和你的热情。

很高兴能借这个机会正式公布无艾滋病一代的蓝图，而没有埃里克·古斯比（Eric Goosby）博士是不可能做到的。我认识埃里克很久了。当我决定接受总统的任命出任国务卿时，我就知道只有一个人是我要聘任担当全球艾滋病事务大使（Global AIDS Ambassador）的。因为埃里克从一开始学医以及在旧金山行医时起就不仅有亲身经验，而且还有继续推动我们尽可能取得更大成就的抱负以及实现这一抱负的干劲。他是一个极为难得的人，我们非常感谢他所做的工作。我的朋友，我想在大家面前感谢你所做的一切，以此作为回报。（掌声）

在前排就坐的还有从艾滋病最早流行时便负责政府研究工作的托尼·福西（Tony Fauci）博士。感谢你的光临，感谢你所做的一切。（掌声）

还有来自美国国际开发署（USAID）的阿里尔·帕布洛·门德斯（Ariel Pablos-Mendez）博士，他与美国国际开发署及疾病控制和预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）等其他政府机构的各位共事，是毕其一生致力于这项工作的公职人员之一。因此，我很感谢各位在政府机构中为取得所有这些成就做出的贡献。没有大家在实验室里、在病床边、在实地废寝忘食地工作，没有大家在这一领域中的诸多贡献，就不可能有这个发布会。

此外，我还要感谢一直工作在第一线的米歇尔·西迪贝（Michel Sidibe）以及联合国艾滋病规划署（UNAIDS），这个至关重要的组织在这场斗争中发挥着不可替代的作用。非常感谢你，米歇尔。（掌声）

还有德拉米尼-祖马（Dlamini-Zuma）博士，她是非洲联盟委员会（African Union Commission）的首位女主席，长期以来在南非担任公职人员和政府官员，而且一直是一名社会活动家。非洲联盟是我们防治艾滋病毒/艾滋病的重要伙伴，我认为现在没有人比她更胜任非洲联盟的领导职位了。她是非洲联盟成立50年来首位女主席这一事实使她更具优势。非常感谢你，我的朋友。（掌声）

感谢参议员恩兹（Enzi）以及众议员李（Lee）和巴斯（Bass），他们始终是真正的领袖，也是国会两党成员的代表。这是一个切实得到两党共同支持的计划——布什总统（Bush）领导创立了美国总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划（PEPFAR），欧巴马总统为这一计划做出了承诺并发挥了领导作用。我认为这是真正为美国人民和美国做出贡献的计划。它代表了我们所奉行的最优秀的价值观。

因此，各位国会议员、维权人士和社会活动家、科学家以及艾滋病毒携带者，感谢你们与我们共同迈出这个旅程的下一步——我们的旅程在多年前开始，但我们在一年前正式宣布要逆转艾滋病疫情并迎来无艾滋病的一代。

毋庸置疑的是：艾滋病毒很可能会存在下去，但艾滋病毒所导致的疾病却不必如此。我们可以实现几乎没有儿童生来就感染艾滋病毒的目标，而且随着他们成长为青少年和成年人，他们感染艾滋病毒的风险将远远低于现在。即使他们感染上艾滋病毒，他们也可以获得治疗，不仅能避免引发艾滋病，还能防止他们将病毒传染给他人。在今年早些时候，我在于华盛顿举行的国际艾滋病大会（International AIDS Conference）上介绍了我们为实现无艾滋病一代的目标已经采取的一些措施。今天，我要概括说明有关这个目标的两大要点。

首先，我们不要忘记，经过这么多年的挫折后现在有可能实现这一目标的原因何在。通过以最有效的综合手段应用有实证基础的策略，我们现在已经大幅降低了新发感染的数量。就在上周，联合国艾滋病规划署宣布，在过去十年中，25个中低收入国家的艾滋病毒新发感染率已经下降了一半以上，这些大多是非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南（Sub-Saharan Africa）地区的国家。听听这些数字：新发感染率在津巴布韦下降了50％，在纳米比亚下降了68％，在马拉维下降了73％。

因此，随着我们继续降低新发感染的数量并增加接受治疗的人数，我们最终将能使每年得到治疗的人数超过被感染的人数。这将是一个转折点。随后，我们将把艾滋病甩在后面，并将有望迎来无艾滋病的一代。我不知道要用多长时间才能在各地实现这一目标，但我们知道我们能够做到。

由此我要谈到第二个要点：我们已经设定了目标。我们知道它可以实现。现在我们必须将它付诸实现。这听起来似乎显而易见，但其实不然，因为全球的健康和发展史上不乏从未获得成功的种种宏伟计划。这一点非常重要，因为如果我们做出承诺但却不履行承诺，不仅会使我们信誉扫地，而且会让人们灰心丧气。他们将得出错误的结论，认为进步根本不可能实现，致使人人都对彼此失去信心。而这将造成生命损失。在与艾滋病毒/艾滋病的斗争中，不履行我们的承诺不仅会令人失望，而且还会导致生命损失。

正因为如此，我始终不渝地强调实效。7月，我要求埃里克·古斯比和他的团队制定一项计划，明确说明美国将如何帮助实现整个一代人无艾滋病的目标。正如我当时所说，我希望下一届国会、下一任国务卿以及我们的各个合作伙伴都知道我们将如何为实现这一目标贡献力量。其结果便是我们今天要发布的这份蓝图。它阐明了五个目标以及我们为实现这些目标将要采取的许多具体步骤。首先，我们正致力于迅速普及最有效的预防和治疗措施。今天，我会宣布一些新的数字，这些数字显示我们已经取得长足的进展。今年，我们通过美国总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划（PEPEAR）直接为将近510万人提供了抗逆转录病毒治疗。（掌声）自2008年以来，这一数字增加了200％。

现在，想一想这意味着什么。弗洛伦斯说她能给感染艾滋病毒的女同胞带来的唯一希望是什么？她说是抗逆转录病毒药物（ARV）。而今年，美国人民将这种希望带给了这个地球上500多万同胞。通过这些药物，我们给他们的家庭和社区带来了希望，我认为每一个美国人都应当为此深感自豪。

现在，我们蓝图中的第二个目标是深入病毒所在之处，针对感染艾滋病毒风险最高的群体开展工作，包括注射毒品者、性工作者和被贩卖从事卖淫者以及与男性发生性关系的男性。（掌声）

当歧视、耻辱和其他因素将这些群体赶到隐秘之处时，艾滋病将更加难以消灭。因此，我们正在支持国家主导的计划，以扩大为重点人口提供的服务，并加强公民社会团体为他们提供帮助的努力。此外，我们正在对一批研究项目投资，以确定对各重点人群最有效的干预措施。

作为深入艾滋病毒流行之处开展工作的一项内容，我们更加关注妇女和女孩，因为比起男人，她们因性别不平等和暴力而感染艾滋病毒的风险仍然更高。因此，我们正在努力，以确保各种艾滋病毒/艾滋病防治计划认识到妇女和女孩的特殊需要，例如，可以把这项工作与计划生育和生育健康服务结合起来。（掌声）我们也正在努力防止和应对性别暴力，对女孩的教育投资，解决性别不平等问题，并采取其他已证实可以降低女性艾滋病毒感染风险的措施。

第三，我们将增进可持续性、效率和有效性。我们已经通过在治疗方案中转为采用非专利药物而节省了数亿美元。我们将继续确保我们花费的每一美元都能取得最大效益。第四，我们将推动全球范围的努力，实现整个一代人无艾滋病的目标，因为这必须是我们共同的责任。这意味着我们的伙伴国家必须更加主动地承担起责任。我们还期待伙伴国家确定其人民最需要的服务，分清轻重缓急，并召集融资伙伴互相协调。捐助者必须履行其提供资金的承诺，同时作出更多努力来支持国家主导的模式。

为了推动所有这些努力，美国将继续支持全球基金（Global Fund），继续投资于全球卫生外交，利用外交杠杆为我们的目标提供支持，让其他国家加入我们的行列。

我必须提到，今年夏天对南非的访问给我留下了非常深刻的印象。我去了开普敦（Cape Town）。我们——埃里克大使和我同行——会晤了南非卫生部长，南非卫生部长长期以来一直是模范领导人。让我们用掌声向南非卫生部长致意。（掌声）

他与一个出色的团队辛勤努力，在祖马总统的全力支持下，切实承担起国家主导和管理的责任。当我们走访开普敦的诊所时，我们看到了一些真正令人印象深刻的进展，包括一种更高效的给药方式。这些进展凸显了南非政府过去四年来所取得的成果。

最后——这确实需要全球卫生界一致努力——必须以科学和实证继续指导我们的工作。对于美国而言，我们将支持预防和治疗方面的创新研究，例如杀微生物剂和避免结核病及其他机会性感染的方法。我们将制定明确的、可衡量的标准，并追踪我们在这些领域的进展，以便把资金集中用于有效的方法。是科学让我们取得了今天的成就，未来，我们也必须依赖科学实现我们的目标。

因此，就这份蓝图而言，我坚信我们已经制定了一个未来每届美国总统、国务卿以及国会都希望继续推进的计划。我敦促其他国家制定自己的蓝图，因为要实现整个一代人无艾滋病的目标，我们必须不断前进。

因此，如果我们对这项工作的重要性有任何怀疑，只需要想一想当弗洛伦斯告诉我们她生下了两个健康的、艾滋病毒检测阴性的儿子时，脸上的喜悦和灿烂的笑容。再想一想荡漾在一整代人心中同样的喜悦——几千万父母将生下未受艾滋病毒侵害的孩子，这些孩子将不会经历艾滋病带来的恐怖。这就是我们正在努力追寻的世界，没有任何事情更激动人心、更令人鼓舞、更值得我们为之奉献。

因此，我感谢我们政府中的每一个人，因为我知道这离不开政府各部门的努力。感谢大家为实现这一重大目标已经付出、正在付出和将要付出的一切努力。

现在，我很荣幸地邀请我的朋友和这项工作中的合作伙伴、联合国艾滋病规划署负责人米歇尔·西迪贝上台发言。