英语专业毕业论文 美国梦

第一篇：英语专业毕业论文 美国梦

Forrest Gump and American Dream

by Chen Zheye

A Thesis

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in the School of Foreign Languages

Shanghai Jianqiao College

May, 2013

上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

Forrest Gump and American Dream

ABSTRACT Forrest Gump won the 67th Annual Academy in1995.It is not just a movie.It has become a cultural phenomenon.The movie is the prevailing social perspective of low IQ and involves a number of historical figures and historical events.It evokes reflection on history and the hearts of collection of the American Dream.From the “stupid” behavior of Forrest Gump, people can see the virtues of kindness, trustworthiness, seriousness;honesty, courage, loyalty, and many other virtues and behaviors that Americans are advocating now.The spirit of Forrest Gump’s independent personality, his free spirit, strength of character and a realistic attitude towards life, etc.is a perfect interpretation of the core of American cultural values of individualism.In this paper, through the analysis of the main characters of Forrest Gump, the paper wants to resolve a concrete manifestation of the American dream.The American Dream is a concentrated expression of American values.It is rooted in the early development of Puritanism after the founding of the Westward Movement, disillusionment in the period of great development of monopoly capitalism.American Dream by different historical events, at different times, has different content and performance.This paper analyzes the origin, development of the Americans who are pursuing the American dream.Also it analyzes the expression of the American Dream and its positive significance.Keywords: American dream, development, influence, Forrest Gump, success

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上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

《阿甘正传》与美国梦

摘要

摘得1995年第67届奥斯卡六项大奖的《阿甘正传》已不仅仅是一部影片，它已成为一种文化现象。影片以一个智商低下的人的视角去看当时的社会，涉及多个历史人物和历史事件，目的是唤起人们对历史的反思和心中珍藏的美国梦。在很多人眼里近乎“愚笨”的阿甘的行为中，人们看到了一种久违的善良、守信、认真；诚实、勇敢、忠诚等诸多美国人所崇尚的美德。阿甘独立的人格、自由的精神、坚强的性格和现实的人生态度等的精神是美国文化价值的核心一个人主义的完美演绎。本文通过分析《阿甘正传》主要人物，来解析其在美国梦中的具体表现。美国梦是美国价值观的集中体现。它根植于早期的清教主义，发展于建国后的西进运动，幻灭于垄断资本主义大发展时期。在不同时期，美国梦受到不同的历史事件的影响，有着不同的内容和表现。本文分析了美国梦的起源，发展以及美国人对于美国梦的肯定及追求，表达了美国梦对美国人的影响和积极意义。

关键词：美国梦，发展，影响，《阿甘正传》，成功

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上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

Table of Contents

ABSTRACT ······························································································································· I 摘要 ·································································································································· II 1 Introduction ························································································································· 1 2 Literature Review ················································································································ 2 3 The Introduction of American Dream ················································································· 3 3.1 The Definition of American Dream ·········································································· 3 3.2 The Origin of American Dream ················································································ 4 3.3 The Connotation of American Dream ······································································· 5 3.4 The Development of American Dream ····································································· 6 3.4.1 The Development in the West Movement ······················································· 6 3.4.2 The American Dream After Civil War····························································· 6 3.4.3 American Dream in Twenty Century ······························································ 7 3.5 The Influence of American Dream ············································································ 7 4 The Introduction of Forrest Gump ······················································································ 8 4.1 The Characteristic of Leading Role ·········································································· 8 4.1.1 Forrest Gump ··································································································· 8 4.1.2 His Mother ······································································································· 8 4.1.3 Jenny ················································································································ 9 4.2 The Reason Why Forrest Gump Succeeded ······························································ 9 4.3 The Concrete Manifestation of the American Dream in Forrest Gump ·················· 11 5 Conclusion ························································································································ 12 References ······························································································································· 13 Acknowledgements ················································································································· 14

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上海建桥学院本科毕业论文 Introduction The reason why I chose this topic is I am very interested in American Dream and I like Forrest Gump very much.We can learn a lot from him.I hope my paper about American Dream and Forrest Gump will give other people referential significance and lay the foundation as my future in-depth study and research of American culture.In this paper, I divided it into three parts.The first is the definition of American Dream that as long as you have a dream and strong will and determination, you will be successful in the United State.The American Dream is an ideal, in the United States, it can be through the tireless efforts of individuals and working hard, then succeed, rather than rely on a particular social class and the assistance of others.The term “American Dream” was first written by American historian Adams(Adams,1878-1949), in the book American Historical Dictionary, United States map in 1931,and American history anthology(The Epic of America).The second part is the introduction of the film which tells a disabled man’s outstanding life.Forrest Gump is an American film adaptation of the novel of the same name, the author of the novel is Winston Groom, the film won the 1995 Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Male Oscar protagonist Award, the Oscar for Best Director totally six awards.Forrest Gump mold incarnation of virtue, honest, trustworthy, serious, and brave and attention to feelings.In the movie, Forrest Gump is a very pure image, described the movie from beginning to end is a warmth and good attitude to performance.He is loyal, so in the Vietnam War, he was out of danger alone when he still ran back to the jungle to look for his comrades.He is trustworthiness, he promised his comrades Bubba total buy a shrimp boat, but Bubba died, in the eyes of others incredible, he realized his last wish, and also won a huge wealth for them.He is persistent, so he ran a Jenny left three years across the entire United States, has been kept, he told you, he just wanted to run, which do not need peace and freedom, or any high-sounding stuff as a reason.The third part is the concrete manifestation of the American dream in Forrest Gump.He is the best interpretation of the American Dream.上海建桥学院本科毕业论文 Literature Review Thanks to the publication of the MOVIE REVIEW（Luo,2006）, from the study, we know Forrest Gump almost involved all the major events from war to 1980s.On behalf of the main line, the film focused on rendering the black movement, the Vietnam War.Looking back 60 years, people often said that is a generation filled with violence, sex, drugs and it is called “Beat Generation”.Ju(2011)described the reason why director put such a stupid guy in that turbulent society is people advocated natural regression after the Cold War.The young people of that era, experienced and witnessed the unrest 1960s and 1970s, they preferred to think more rationally.From Zhong’s(2012)research, run means everything for Forrest Gump.The author thinks there are two meaning.Firstly, it is a symbol of geographic mobility and social mobility.Secondly, it is a symbol of the cultural expansion of capitalism and the Spirit of Capitalism Greed grab.In view of Wang(2009), the spirit of freedom, independence and equality are their main culture.Americans advocating self-independence, highlight equality, confidence, these are main individualistic culture constitution which have been deeply integrated into blood of Americans.These American spirits are not tradition, but faith.On Zheng’s(2011)point of view, the fast pace of life, the American society changes long-tern in them, they don’t like to stay in a rut, they believe themselves and rely on its own determination.It is American unique American local culture;American dream is not a dream, but a pursuit of an ideal, a philosophy of life in the United States.The so-called American dream is the Americans pursuit of better society;it is enrichment of American culture.The result of study(Huang & Chen & Xie,2009)have revealed the meaning of American dream.In these authors’ mind, American dream consists of several elements: the United States provides everyone the chance of success;success depends on their talents and efforts rather than family and background;everyone has equal rights;everyone has faith freedom.These elements are inextricably linked with the history, and historical background 2

上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

must combine the look.Jing(2010)thinks that under the influence of “counter-culture”, traditional American dream changed.The traditional American dream emphasized on the material savings, focusing on the desire and pursuit of wealth.However, in the 1960s “counter-culture” movement, they expressed their doubt about traditional values of the capitalist industrial society and affluence revolt;they think more of spiritual satisfaction, and personal fulfillment.The author called Luo(2012)thinks that Forrest Gump taught to give people the key to success is: your own decision whether you are being the wise man or a fool.Because he does not think he is a fool, and he can do whatever he wants to do.This is the achievements of a career in the United States, the success of crux.Americans are always thinking about goals for the future.According to the study of Journal of Suzhou University(Ai&Yang ,2010), no matter in the past or now, one of the main reasons why people immigrated to the United States is through your own efforts, force and unremitting struggle will be able to get a better life and achieve your own ideal, that people have to work through their own diligence, courage, creativity and determination in the United States.3 The Introduction of American Dream 3.1 The Definition of American Dream The American Dream is an ideal, in the United States, it can be through the tireless efforts of individuals and working hard, then succeed, rather than rely on a particular social class and the assistance of others.Some people ever said: “If you have a dream which is not American Dream that means your dream is not enough.” So what is American dream? Why all the people no matter where they come from all have American dream in their deep hearts.In brief, American dream is a trust that through your Persistent of hard work, you will have a better life than before.Therefore, American Dream is American people seek a better

上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

society;American Dream is a microcosm of American culture.America gives all the immigrants from all over the world equal chances to make great efforts to achieve their goals in this land.Everyone has equal rights;everyone has the freedom of conscience.“You will be successful if you try hard.” is the core implication of American Dream.3.2 The Origin of American Dream

The term “American Dream” was first written by American historian Adams(James Truslow Adams ,1878-1949), in the book American Historical Dictionary, United States map in 1931,and American history anthology(The Epic of America).According to legend, Adams was particularly fond of the phrase “American Dream”.At that time, the United States is in the Great Depression, in order to inspire the confidence of the American nationals, Adams wanted to send tens of thousands of Americans who cannot support themselves at that time.American Dream is first occurred in 1620.Henry VIII, King of England, because the Pope does not agree with his divorce with his wife, so the king broke off the relationship with the Pope.There is no reform.This caused the dissatisfaction of some Catholics, they hope to “pure” state religion.The Puritans believed that a success on the job or career is a sign of God's select.The moral principles of Puritan is hard work, and be on the straight.However, the Church of England did not agreed with them, so some people were severe persecuted.In order to avoid the political urgent harm, or order to go to the New World and to seek a new life, some British began their North American Adventure.In 1620, the 35 Puritan and 67 non-Puritans riding Mayflower over the sea came to North America.From the mid-17th century, a large number of European immigrants swarmed into the United States.The United States, the new continent pinned many hopes and dreams.There are variety of reasons, such as the economic interests and strict religious regime persecuted helpless.In their eyes, fertile land is the countless used up as the black gold.The newcomer is the white American middle class today ancestors, their pursuit of all the good things into the American consciousness, into the part of the American dream, as their new national tradition，上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

and proud of it.In 1930s’, American were in great depression, a historian called Adam mentioned American Dream in the article, that is in this Countries which ordinary people can, through their own efforts to change their future.Some success, but most people’s dream dashed.Nevertheless, generation after generation of Americans is still view American dream as their dreams and work hard.3.3 The Connotation of American Dream On one hand, from the broad sense, the American dream refers to a kind of national belief, such as democracy, equality, free country ideal and value concept.The ideas which are embodied in the United States Declaration of Independence: we hold these truths which is self-evident, that is life and equality;god has given them inalienable power: life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”

In addition, the U.S.Constitution is the idea made more specific, it clearly stated ensure fair and promote all the country the well-being of the people, to guarantee citizens' freedom.Therefore, American Dream of the core management Concept can be summarized as follows:(1)All men are equal;(2)Free and fair;

(3)Everyone has the pursuit of happiness and equality of opportunity.Complementary to these three, the first two concepts ideal successful third prerequisite, that the Constitution of the United States to protect its citizens have equal opportunity, so that every American can struggle through self-successful.On the other hand, a narrow sense, American Dream refers to any who strive for his goal;forge ahead with determination in this promising country in the United States to become rich, too.Americans are convinced that: Personal efforts will succeed, will realize their own ideals.If he is unsuccessful, it must be a personal problem.In Americans’ minds, a birth and family background are not very important, but at present, Ambitions, talents and abilities are important rather than behave boldly experimental, adventurous.The pioneering spirit is the

上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

realization of its vision to showcase their talents and abilities that will not factors and conditions may be less.3.4 The Development of American Dream 3.4.1 The Development in the West Movement If the unique natural conditions are the American Dream a reality-based basis, then the American establishment and the publication of the “Declaration of Independence” will make the American Dream with the ideological basis.From the American War of Independence in 1860, during the American Civil War is the time of American Dream’s development and maturity.After the victory of the War of Independence, the United States has the rise of a large-scale mold the masses “Westward Movement”.Along with the rise of the Westward Movement, the western United States developed rapidly.The end of the 18th century, the western United States is basically an uninhabited virgin land, to the end of the 19th century;however, the western United States has undergone earth-shaking changes in.Westward Movement is the process of the United States to expand the western territory and development of the vast western, the development of American culture and even the various aspects of the American society has brought great change and far-reaching impact.It has been said that the western part of the early “paradise for adventurers, Timid grave tomb”.For the realization of the dream of courage, the diligent pursuit of life cast brave and adventurous spirit of the people.The living conditions of the original land actively use their brains, and innovation.The United States national myth gave Americans confidence, development and the spirit of adventure, the pursuit of happiness.So they think they can get what they want in this land east the West.This myth is rooted in wealth.3.4.2 The American Dream After Civil War The most important factors that lead to the bursting of the American dream are the rapid socio-economic exhibition.For most Americans, their American dream in that era is difficult 6

上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

achieve.The opportunity is no longer equality for all the people, many poor people are tired of all day, but to the dead remain impoverished.The people began to suspect that the American dream is just a dream.At the same time, the Westward Movement ended vigorously.When they have those representatives to the symbol of money and power of the upper classes of society, they look to achieve a dream.Then they found very far from that and they imagine.They admired those upper original wretched ignorance, they join together to chase find dream in return for nothing.3.4.3 American Dream in Twenty Century Belief in the “American Dream” is facing new an even greater crisis.With the continuous development of capitalism, it was brought all sorts of social problems which can not be solved.Overall, the American’s society worships money.Where the value of a person, the bills he has to measure rather than depending on his talent and accomplishments.In American society, black and minority ethnic discrimination is undoubtedly the so-called democracy, equality a mockery of the society”

For the pursuit of the “American Dream” is full of contradictions.The first progress contradictions and poverty, the material life of American society is increasingly developed, and people they are increasingly fall into the abyss of spiritual poverty.Another contradiction is that “the United States repeats of the tragedy of the Dream.Although many people clearly understand what they realize their dreams of hope, but they still can not help but to pursue, like moths to a flame.3.5 The Influence of American Dream Today, immigrants have a variety of backgrounds and skills have found them to enter the U.S.method.American Dream for various periods of immigration is still a big attraction, the United States still suck cited the ”melting pot“ of immigrants from all over.And the reality is that this economic strength and a good educational background immigration easier to be successful in the United States.Nevertheless, many Americans now do not have the time to

上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

keep obtainers’ dream.It is our mission opportunity, we make history when engravedunited.When we breathe, we hope, we are faced with cynicism, we will bear in mind that the combination of the creed of the immortal spirit.4 The Introduction of Forrest Gump

4.1 The Characteristic of Leading Role 4.1.1 Forrest Gump Gump represented the male main people of public toward and pray for all of the mainstream culture.Forrest Gump went through the history of the United States after the Vietnam War alone, experienced almost all important to the United States after World War II moment in history: racial discrimination, the Vietnam War, anti-war rallies, the civil rights movement, women the liberation of the president's assassination, Watergate, ping-pong diplomacy, anti-traditional culture.Forrest Gump on behalf of the white men in the United States in the 1950s many outstanding qualities: honesty and keep letter, earnest, brave.Forrest Gump simple-minded, kind-hearted nature to do anything is persistent and inputs, the success indispensable spirit, this is a good God reward hope.This is Forrest Gump made one of the important factors for success.Forrest Gump's life is legendary.He did not complain that their mentally retarded, but the gift of God his talent on its head.In fact, Forrest Gump wants to tell us only cherish the loved ones around, lovers, and friends and care for each need a warm spirit soul.The fate drifts, but everyone can draw life curve.Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what to eat next taste road.Things change, but that everything is the fate of the arrangements.4.1.2 His Mother Forrest Gump's mother was a lift southern women ended gentle, firm character.She is great and full of wisdom her, mentally helped son did not feel fear and depression, and encouraged Forrest, educated and guided him, and would not let him feel inferior, not normal.8

上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

She thought that her son should be like a normal child growth grew up.To let the Forrest enjoy the same powers and others, she principals, according to reason to strive, insisted that he accept the normal formal education, at the same time she also continued to tell Forrest Gump: always remember themselves and others, and any distinction, always remember to do other people say that they are weaker than they.In her mind, Forrest is God for her gift;she worked ceaselessly to dependents Forrest Gump.In Forrest Gump's minds, the mother is the source of all wisdom and spiritual light.She always tell him with his understandable way to, believe in yourself, believe in the future;her ability things right ”easy to understand“, there is always a way to find the most popular understandable language to let Forrest Gump understand some truth in the life.4.1.3 Jenny The name Jenny means the gift of God.Ironically Significance: Jenny movie hypocritical, rebellious and infected with all sorts of bad habits, such as alcoholism, drug abuse, sexual promiscuity, and finally died of AIDS.They can not find the value of life and Health the significance of the deposit.She worked hard, struggling, but later she began to give up their own selves, into for prostitutes.When Jenny finally found the true meaning of life suffered a lot has do not have the opportunity to enjoy all this, she was going to leave this world.Jenny is the era of the United States victim.Jenny must accept the early years, losing her mother and father;she was sexually assaulted.Forrest Gump and Jenny were both grew up in single-parent families, but Forrest Gump has a good mother.The shadow of her childhood and dreams shattered future confusion vividly manifested in her body out.Painful indulgence, indulgence, is often in agony even more painful.4.2 The Reason Why Forrest Gump Succeeded Forrest Gump look to go with the flow, is a dream.Who in Forrest Gump, we see the persistence of life.Forrest Gump does not have any expertise, in addition to running.Good run ability outset by Jenny points out, she once again encouraged him to go forward, in her

上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

loving voice “Run, Forrest Gump, Run, Forrest, Run”, Forrest Gump ran the bike in the primary school chase, ran a car chase, ran out of the high school students detractors humiliation.His only start this talent just to escape childhood peers by bullying and had a gallop.He broke his own feet with corrective shaped device;he seems destined to conquer the world.Good running skills made Forrest Gump running into a university with such a low IQ, and ran into the nation's the ranks of rugby star team and met with President Kennedy.Relying the persistent “run” belief in the war-torn battlefield finally escaped Forrest risked their lives ran back to rescue other comrades, ran out of the war field.In order to abide by the comrades Bubba alive of a commitment, he engaged in career of bashing shrimp, scrimping career.Suffered a windy time scrimping process the violence other scrimping boats devastated alone Forrest boat slightest without loss.Forrest Gump scrimping industry took advantage of his talents further monopoly eventually awarded the harvest, became the scrimping industry tycoon.Finally, running around the United States, he gave hundreds of thousands of people courage and hope.He used to run, regardless of which he is in the running;he felt that running is a part of life.Moreover, the fate of the once frequently ran habits times led him to a brighter future, throughout the run in dignity, friendship, love, honor and wealth.Forrest Gump's life sketched out the life chances of ordinary people and their innermost secret desire.His life experiences not only experienced contemporary tortuous ups and downs of American history, but also brought together a series of very typical contemporary American life characteristics.However, not in terms of national history and development of various the same time period, regardless of when and where the poor or rich, he remains the same simplicity and kindness.Forrest Gump, who has the American character, we are advocating all virtues that are honesty, courage, loyalty.We can see loyalty, trustworthiness, dedication, most friendly humanity brilliance of quality from Forrest;we also can see the persistence of life, the hope of life, firm belief.Due to the characteristics of the times and the belief in the American dream deformation, Forrest Gump represents the trend of mainstream culture and prays: sincere, enthusiastic, confident, frank, sincere, warm, self-confidence 10

上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

positive.Gump's successful re-evoke the hearts of the people of the American Dream.4.3 The Concrete Manifestation of the American Dream in Forrest Gump Forrest Gump is the best interpretation of the American Dream.His IQ is only 75, below the normal minimum 80 standard.Forrest Gump other children grew up to be bullied by local residents called ”a local idiot“.He was often asked in his upbringing: “Are you stupid or something?” And he always answered: “Stupid is as stupid does” But is such a low intelligence than normal Forrest Gump, but relying on the persistent ”run“ belief, to get rid of the orthopedic folder, enter the full American football star team and met with president Kennedy, became a Vietnam War hero, to be a Table Tennis Star team to visit China, to participate in the establishment of Sino-breaking trip, create the Papua Gump Shrimp Company.His simple and loyal, he's trying to make his success dramatic continuously, and arouse people archive has long been the American dream again.Entire movie is full of humor passionate fighting spirit, as long as the effort will be successful, deeply moved by the audience heart.Jenny told to Forrest Gump with out hesitation: “I will be famous.” which confidents Americans innate character traits.The famous American historian Perry Miller once said: “Compared to other ethnic groups, most of the U.S.national in character is a conscious, clear and openly, to not make decisions;exactly as Americans, they are not following the by order of what, but to achieve what.”

The individualism of American culture can be concentrated to the ”American Dream“.In the movie, Jenny leave home alone battles throughout the United States, did bar singer, restaurant waiter and social activist.This is a uniquely American the local culture, called the ”American Dream".American Dream is not a dream, but a pursuit of an ideal, a philosophy of life in the United States.For different Americans, the American dream is not entirely the same.上海建桥学院本科毕业论文 Conclusion Winston Groom is a great novelist whose works not only conquer the literature lovers but also open up a window for those who struggle for their life.Forrest Gump is much more than a story.It is an encouraging book, a book of hardships and survival.The present thesis indicates the definition of American Dream, the reason why Forrest Gump succeeded and concrete manifestation of the American dream in Forrest Gump.American dream consists of several elements: the United States provides everyone the chance of success;success depends on their talents and efforts rather than family and background;everyone has equal rights;everyone has faith freedom.These elements are inextricably linked with the history, and historical background must combine the look.Moreover, his success, in addition to his efforts, and his innate quality have a great relationship.As his honesty won the friendship of Lieutenant Dan, he's trustworthy and persistent achievement of his shrimping career and the love.We must have the courage to accept the courage to challenge the courage to face the reality.The taste of the ups and downs, life is what you go all the way, no matter what is the front of the.He does not cynical toward their goals run it? And his life is running out.Last but not least, all the audiences are impressed by Gump, because of his persistent like sun and rain and almost silly active efforts in the play.Other characters are full of confusion and perplexity, gone through hardships his trials and tribulations, and ultimately back to ordinary life track, we can see from the traditional culture of the United States charm, a more profound understanding of the national character of the Americans, and favorable in our cross-cultural communication and learning.American Dream is a belief, a desire and a dream.American dream is intangible;it exists in the hearts of every American.They may be not succeeding in the future if they have American Dream, but they won’t succeed if they don’t have.The American dream throughout the history of the United States reflects the mass of Americans system of values and the ideals of the national spirit, even though many people the American Dream, but it is the pursuit of the American dream has not died down, which is to promote American the development of the society to make a positive and important contribution.12

上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

References Dai, J.(2010).American dream.Read and Write Periodical, 10, 4-5.Gao, W.(2011).The American dream in American movies.Overseas English, 9, 379-380.Li, N.(2010).A breeze from the chaos—An analysis of the film Forrest Gump.Overseas English, 6, 180-181.Liu, Y., & Li, M., & Zhou, M.(2012).Cultural contradiction---A brief analysis of Jenny: Symbol of a cultural rebellion in Forrest Gump.Overseas English, 6, 279-280.Yang, L.(2010).The masculine ideology in Forrest Gump.Overseas English, 1, 112-119.Ai, Q., & Yang, X.(艾琦、杨昕，2010)，从美国电影看美国梦的文化内涵，《宿州学院学报》第25卷第3期，65-66页.Chen, J(陈静，2010)，从《阿甘正传》看美国文化，《河南广播电视大学学报》第4期,52-53页.Du, Y., & Shi, J.(杜云云、史军华)，《阿甘正传》的美国文化解读，《电影评价》第2期，36-37页.Huang, Y., & Chen, Y., & Xie, F.(黄燕、陈颖聪、谢芳，2009)，重申阿甘正传与不断变化美国梦，《电影文学》第9期，97页.Jing, Y.(景艳娥，2010)，探讨美国梦的发展，《外语论坛》第13期，636页.Ju, Z.(鞠朝希，2011)，探究美国梦的变迁，《科教文汇》第9期，65-67页.Luo, D.(罗冬梅，2012)，阿甘的成功与美国文化的个人奋斗，《时代文学》第6期，151-152页.Luo, Y.(罗艳丽，2006)，《阿甘正传》美国传统价值的呼唤与回归，《电影评价》，7-8页.Peng, L.(彭亮，2012)，“美国梦”的文学解读，《重庆文理学院学报》第36卷第1期，105-109页.Shen, L.,& Shen, Y.(赵靓靓、沈颖)，浅析美国梦的两面性,《人文社科》第14期，474页.Xu, G.(徐国庆，2009)，简析“美国梦”的理想主义，《宿州学院学报》第24卷第1期，38-40页.Zhen, G.(郑刚，2011)，“美国梦”一词的诞生与流变，《和田师范专科学校学报》第30卷第4期，54-56页.Zhong, S.(钟素花，2012)，从《阿甘正传》看二战后美国文化价值观的重塑，《黑河学刊》第2期，20-22页.Zhou, H.(周海波，2010)，解构“美国梦”，《语文学刊》第7期，41-42页

上海建桥学院本科毕业论文

Acknowledgements I am greatly indebted to many people who have helped me with my completion of this thesis.First of all, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Mr.Li Lei, who has constantly guided me through the whole research and through the writing of the thesis, and also thank him for his much devotion of his precious time and energy to reading and revising my manuscript with great carefulness and patience.Besides, my sincere gratitude also goes to my friends who have put considerable time and effort into their comments on my thesis.

第二篇：英语专业毕业论文

contents

Abstract in English.....................1

Key words in English........................1

Abstract in Chinese....................1

Key words in Chinese.......................1

I.Introduction......................2

II.The definition of idiom in both languages.................2

III.The pattern of idiom in both languages.............3

IV.Chinese and English idioms related to “lucky”and”taboo” numbers..........4

4.1 Chinese idioms related to “lucky”and”taboo” numbers........4

1.lucky numbers(3，6，8，10)...............4

2.taboo numbers(4，5，7)...............6

4.2English idioms related to “lucky”and”taboo” numbers..........7

1.lucky numbers(3，7，8，9).................7

2.taboo numbers(13，6，周五).....................8

V.Causes of differences between Chinese and English numerical idioms........9 5.1 Factor of Geography.....................9

5.2 Religious Differences..................10

5.3 Factor of History...................10

5.4 Fables and mythology..................11

VI.Conclusion......................12

Bibliography.........................13

第三篇：英语专业毕业论文

从英汉文化的差异简析英语习语翻译

摘要：习语是语言的精华，具有其独特的文化特色。本文从英汉地理环境，风俗习俗，宗教信仰，价值观念的差异出发，讨论了习语在这各个层次上体现出来的文化差异，提出了习语英汉互译的几种翻译方式。

关键词：英汉习语文化差异翻译

语言既是文化的载体，文化的映像，又是文化的一部分，它容纳了文化的各个方面，反映了文化的所有内容;同是它也受到文化的制约。不同民族的语言，因物质环境和所处地域不同，社会文化的哲学渊源不同，也必然存在各自独特的民族个性，因此人类文化因差异的存在而就有了交流的必要。在语言这一民族文化的魁宝中，习语是其中最夺目的一颗明珠，是语言的精华，是人们在长期的劳动和生活中创造出来的、形象生动的、固定的句子和短语，体现了民族的价值观念、社会风俗、思维方式。习语和其文化有着密不可分的关系，由于历史、地理、宗教信仰、生活习俗等方面的差异，英汉习语也承载着不同的文化信息。本文试从英汉文化差异的四个方面来探讨英语习语的翻译。

(一)地理环境的差异

由于生活空间，生活方式和环境等各方面的差异，不同的民族对同一事物的看法各有不同，英国是一个岛国，畜牧业，航海，渔业都十分发达，而汉族则在亚洲大陆生活繁衍，人们生活在土

地上。因此，地理环境的差异对习语有很大的影响，如英语中的 spend money like wate,用来比喻花钱浪费，大手大脚，而汉语则是“挥金如土”，英国地处北温带，夏季气候凉爽宜人，因此英国的许多诗人常把夏天与可爱，美好等词语联系起来，在沙翁的一首著名的十四行诗中，把爱人比作夏天，“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate”,而在汉语文化氛围中，夏天常常是与酷暑炎热联系起来，如“骄阳似火”，“赤日炎炎似火烧”等。也由于环境的差异，两民族间对“东风”“西风”的理解也截然不同，中国人喜欢东风，它是春天的风，象征着“温暖”，而“西风”则象征着荒凉之意，如“西风凛冽”。但在英国却恰恰相反，“东风”是从欧洲大陆吹来的，象征“寒冷”，令人感到不愉快，如“When the wind is in the east, it’s good for neither man nor beast”,而西风才是从海洋吹来的温暖湿润的风，所以英国人喜欢“西风”，英语著名浪漫诗人雪莱就曾写过一首佳作《西风颂》，“if winter comes,can spring be far behind”？

（二）民俗文化差异

任何一个民族在其发展过程中，往往都有自己独特的社会生活状况和世情风俗，如汉语习语中的“小菜一碟”用吃小菜来形容一件事情的容易性，而英语习语则用“a piece of cake”用一块蛋糕来表示容易做到的事情；再如对“狗”这个词在英汉文化中也有很大的差异，西方人爱狗，对狗的感情不亚于对人的感

情，说人幸运可以说他是个“Lucky dog”,说人会有出头之日就说“Every dog has his day”，但在汉文化中“狗”多半用于贬义词，如“狗胆包天”，“狼心狗肺”，“狗仗人势”等；又如“亚洲四小龙”，英译为“four Asian tigers”，而不能译为“four Asian dragons”，这是因为西方人认为“dragon”(龙)是邪恶的象征，是凶残的怪物，是罪恶恐怖的象征，是不详之兆，但在汉文化中“龙”是中华民族的象征，代表着一种气势磅礴的民族精神，因此在汉语中就常听到“望子成龙”这个词语。

(三)宗教信仰的差异

宗教是一种文化现象，在个民族的历史发展中有着重大的影响。英国长期以来深受希腊，罗马和基督教文化的影响，认为世界是上帝创造的，世上的一切都是按上帝的旨意来办的，而中国文化则深受佛教，道教的影响，因此宗教信仰上的差异也反映在习语上，在西方如：“God help those who help themselves”（上帝帮助自助的人），“God be with you”（上帝与你同在），“Go to hell”（下地狱去），而在东方如：“借花献佛”，“闲时不烧香，临时抱佛脚”，“道高一尺魔高一丈”等等。

(四)价值观念的差异

由于各民族生活在不同的文化背景中，人们逐渐形成了不同的思维方式和社会心态，英美价值观念的主线是个人主义，崇尚个人相对社会的独立自主性，突出个人，强调个人的奋斗和成就，受个人本位价值观念的影响，英美人士都十分重视个人的隐

私，如年龄，收入，宗教信仰及私人住宅等均属个人隐私范围，如“An Englishman’s home is his castle”（英国人的家是独立王国）,而另一方面，从传统上讲，中国人比较推崇集体主义价值观，这是中国文化的主线，如“一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮”，“众人拾柴火焰高”等。

二．英汉习语的翻译方法

习语的翻译不仅要求忠实的传达原文的语言意义，还要能准确的阐述其原作的文化内涵，因此要求译者应当在充分理解习语所包涵的文化信息基础上，用目的语把这些文化信息表达出来，并能得到目的语读者的认同。

（一）直译法

由于一国语言中的习语最能直接反映该国民族文化，传统习俗等各种特色，直译就有它的特殊重要性，这种译法能再现原文的风貌和文化，传达出原文的形式，意义和精神，向读者展示原语文化内涵，英语中的“armed to the teeth”，“a rolling stone gathers no moss”等分别直译为“武装到牙齿”，“滚石不生苔”等，而汉语中的“丢面子”“纸老虎”则分别直译为“lose face”，“paper tiger”。

(二)意译法

在跨文化交际时，会碰到大量表现出迥异语言文化特征的习语即非对应关系的习语，这类习语就不能互相直译，而应弄清它们的文化内涵和实际含义，根据上下文适当处理，先达意后传神，如“eat one’s words”，汉语应译为“收回说过的话，承认前言有失，说错了”。

(三)直译加意译法

为了更准确，有效地表达原意，译者可以使用直译加意译的方式来翻译习语，这种译法能保持原文的比喻形象，同时又能清楚的表达寓意，如“laugh off one’s head”译为“笑掉大牙”，“break the earth”“译为破土动工”，再如“棺材上画老虎---吓死人”，译为“Painting a tiger on a coffin---(lit)to frighten the dead,(pun)to frighten to death”，此例，直译“to frighten to death”和意译“to frighten to death”并用，更清楚地将汉语的这一歇后语介绍给英国读者。

(四)套译法

由于文化背景不同，原文的形象有时不符合中国习语，如

果直译出来就会颇为难解，这时就可以借用汉语成语来翻译，如：“All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill”译为“有情人终成眷属”，这种方法不仅可以保留原语的形象和风格，而且符合目标语的语言习惯，简单易懂，可以让读者轻松地理解原文所要表达的含义，从而实现跨文化的交流。再如“six of one and half a dozen of the other ”译成“半斤八两”，“a bolt from the blue”译成“晴天霹雳”，在使用套译法翻译时，一定要注意成语浓厚的民族地方色彩。

综上所述，在英语学习中，只有更多的了解两种语言的地

理环境，民俗文化，宗教信仰，价值观念的差异，才能正确理解习语所包含的文化语义，体现出语篇中的文化内涵，利用适当的翻译方法，再现出原文语词的文化意蕴，从而真正实现英汉文化的沟通。

参考文献：

（1）

（2）

（3）

（4）

（5）

邓炎昌刘润清，语言与文化(M)北京外语教学与研究出版社1989 张若兰，英汉习语的特点及其文化差异（J）西安外国语学院学报2003 邹秋娟，论习语的翻译方法（J）读与写2007 吴瑾瑾，实用英汉翻译（M）复旦大学出版社2005平洪张国扬，英语习语与英美文化（M）北京 外语教育与研究出版社1999

第四篇：英语专业毕业论文

乐山师范学院文学与新闻学院

2006级本科生毕业论文工作实施方案

毕业论文工作是实现本科培养目标、全面检验学生综合素质与实践能力的主要手段，是学生毕业及学位资格认证的重要依据。做好毕业论文工作，对提高本科毕业生的全面素养具有重要意义。我校本科人才培养计划规定，本科生必须撰写毕业论文，论文合格方能获得学士学位。我院2006级本科生毕业论文工作将遵照《乐山师范学院本科生毕业论文工作规程》、《乐山师范学院文学与新闻学院2006级本科生毕业论文（设计）工作安排》，并结合我院的实际情况，规范运作，灵活实施。为了加强对文学与新闻学院本科生毕业论文的指导工作，特制定以下实施方案。

一、组织领导：

领导小组负责对毕业论文工作的领导和管理。

组长：吉仕梅

副组长：任志萍、熊泽文

成员：熊文、杨泽勇、各教研室主任

二、时间安排：

论文选题在第六期16-17周完成，开题报告、论文提纲应在第七期1--4周内完成。新闻专业应在第七期5—12周完成毕业论文撰写，第七期13---15完成毕业论文答辩。汉语言文学、对外汉语专业于第八期开学第1---6周完成毕业论文的撰写，第8-13周完成毕业论文的评阅，答辩、评审工作。

三、指导教师资格和指导教师的聘任程序：

毕业论文的指导教师原则上由我院讲师以上的教师担任，由领导小组聘任。学生选择非我院的本校教师为指导教师，由领导小组批准，以文新学院的名义聘任；学生选择非我校人员为指导教师，应报经领导小组审查资格，合格者以文新学院的名义聘任。

系上公布指导教师的专业方向和课题指南后，学生自愿报名选择指导教师，领导小组可酌情调整，确定之后予以公布。原则上一名教师指导的学生人数不应超过10个。

四、论文指导的一般要求：指导教师在指导学生写作论文期间，对学生进行的当面指导应不少于5次。平均每次指导时间应不少于1课时，每次当面指导的内容大致提出以下建议：

第一次：在学生阅读和积累资料的基础上，确定论文题目。题目可由学生自拟，也可由指导教师提供意见。指导教师要和学生讨论选题的目的、意义、解决的问题等。学生查阅相关资料后，写出开题报告。

第二次：学生交开题报告，开题报告需经指导老师和院毕业论文指导小组审查同意后方可开题。在指导老师指导下学生进一步完善开题报告，并正式确定论文题目。导师就论文的结构、各部分的内容、写作的思路、文献查阅等进行指导。要求学生在指导后查阅资料，写出论文提纲。

第三次：学生交论文提纲，讨论、修改论文提纲。教师要指导论文的具体写作（包括论文写作的基本格式、引文、注释和参考文献等的学术规范）要求学生写出论文初稿。

第四次：学生交论文初稿，讨论、修改论文的初稿，教师提出具体的修改、完善意见。

第五次：学生交论文定稿，教师审查论文定稿，在学生的毕业论文登记表上填写评语、登记成绩并签字。

五、论文写作要求与成绩评定：

1、学生必须在教师的指导下独立、按时完成论文的写作，不得抄袭他人成果。如果发现抄袭、代写等行为，按《乐山师院文学与新闻学院关于杜绝本科生毕业论文抄袭等行为的暂行规定》处理。学生不能按文新学院规定的时间完成论文的写作，应当扣减该生论文成绩。具体扣分办法是：一个环节未按时完成的，扣3分；若有多个环节未按时完成，则根据此标准累加，一篇论文每一个环节都未按时完成的，最多扣减15分。

2、论文字数应不少于5000字。如果论文未达到规定字数，少300字以内，论文成绩扣减2分；少300—600字，论文成绩扣5分；少600—1000字，论文成绩扣8分；少1000—1500字，扣15分；少1500—2000字，扣20分；少2000字以上，论文成绩不及格。

3、论文材料杂乱，大量主要材料严重失实；或写作态度极不认真、文章加工极差；或论文无中心、层次不清、逻辑混乱、句子不通；或理论上有明显错误，经指导教师指出后仍然不改者，其论文成绩不及格。重要人名、地名、事实、数据错一个扣1分，标点符号错三个扣1分，注释错一条扣1分，一个错别字扣1分。

4、优秀论文从严掌握，一般不超过学生人数的15%。

六、论文答辩：由领导小组聘请若干本院或院外讲师以上的专家学者组成答辩委员会。由我院学科学术带头人或教授担任主任委员，委员会下可分成若干小组，分别负责每一组学生的论文答辩。

七、答辩工作程序：全部毕业生都要参加论文答辩。各答辩小组的论文答辩会由答辩小组组长主持。答辩时先由学生陈述论文选题的目的、意义、论文主要解决的问题、论文如何解决问题等几个方面的内容，接着各答辩小组成员提出质询，然后答辩学生逐一回答。答辩中答辩小组成员质询至少应当考虑以下几个方面的问题：

1．论文题目的思考、确定。

2．课题研究的历史与现状

3．论文写作时的主要参考文献。

4．论文的中心与结构。

5．观点、材料及论证。

八、评语和成绩：答辩过程中，各答辩小组应指定专人填写答辩记录。答辩结束后，各答辩小组根据学生论文和答辩时情况写出通过或不通过的评语并给出论文成绩；各答辩小组成员在学生的毕业论文登记表上签名；答辩小组组长及时将《毕业论文登记表》交到院上。

九、院毕业论文工作领导小组审定全部毕业论文，给出论文成绩，总结毕业论文指导工作。

2009年6月

附：

文学与新闻学院汉语言文学、新闻学、对外汉语专业

2006级本科生毕业论文工作各环节时间安排

2006级本科生各专业本科生毕业论文工作各环节时间安排如下：

1、第六学期第16--17周：学生初选论文题目、论文方向及论文指导老师。

2、第七学期第1--4周，完成开题报告、论文提纲的撰写。

3、第七学期5—12周新闻专业学生完成毕业论文撰写，第13---15周完成毕业论文的评阅，答辩、评审工作。

4、汉语言文学、对外汉语专业于第八期开学第1---6周完成毕业论文的撰写，第8-13周完成毕业论文的评阅，答辩、评审工作。

特别提示：

新闻学专业学生如果能够提前完成论文选题、开题、提纲、初稿、未定稿、定稿、指导教师与评阅教师审查合格等环节，经文新学院毕业论文答辩委员会及领导小组审查合格后，可由学院统一安排其参加答辩（具体时间另行通知），答辩通过者如需提前参加专业实习，必须由学院报请学校教务处批准后方可提前参加专业实习。

各专业学生提交毕业论文时，档案袋里应装有：开题报告、论文提纲、论文初稿、各种版本的论文未定稿、定稿打印件、论文登记表及磁盘、查阅资料的读书卡片、指导教师意见稿及其他相关资料。

乐山师院文学与新闻学院

2009年6月

第五篇：英语专业毕业论文

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英语专业毕业论文：

英语教学调查分析

摘 要 通过对桂林航专2005级新生英语专业和大学英语部分A级班、B级班进行英语语音课堂问卷调查分析,英语论文范文并在此基础上提出英语语音课堂逆向教学的概念、应遵循的原则及具体做法。

关键词 英语语音 逆向教学 英语学习

笔者于2005年10月在桂林航专2005级新生正式上课前对2005级商务英语专业3个班、旅游英语专业2个班、2005级大学英语2个A级班(其中一个文科A级班、一个理科A级班)及1个B级班进行英语语音课堂问卷调查,调查内容涉及中学英语学习的基本情况、英语语音基本知识及英语语音基本技能。英语课堂调查问卷分析及结论英语课堂调查问卷结果如表1。

1.1 问卷分析(1)桂林航专05商英/旅英绝大部分学生与大学英语A/B班学生一样从初中开始学英语;(2)桂林航专05商英/旅英学生有38.8%高考参加理科考试,大学英语A/B班学生有44.8%高考参加理科考试;(3)桂林航专05商英/旅英学生有68.8%所在学校高考前没有没有为报考英语专业的同学开设英语专业基础训练,大学英语A/B班学生有68.4%所在学校高考前没有为报考英语专业的同学开设英语专业基础训练;(4)桂林航专05商英/旅英学生有20.1%的所在学校高三时才有一周1-2节英语听力课,大学英语A/B班学生有15.5%的所在学校高三时才有一周1-2节英语听力课。

1.2 结论在总共23项英语语音基本知识及英语语音基本技能测试项目中,桂林航专2005级商英/旅英学生有12项的平均正确率低于2005级大学英语A/B班的学生。由此不难看出桂林航专2005级商务英语专业、旅游英语专业的学生在入学时的英语语音基础知识及英语语音基本技能比2005级大学英语A级班、B级班学生差。作为英语专业的学生,在他们一开始进入大学进行英语学习时就“先天不足”。如何让他们在短短的一个学期内使他们的英语语音水平有一个明显的提高?这是摆在桂林航专英语教师面前的一个难题,特别是对《英语语音》课程的教学教师来说,是不得不认真思考的问题。显然,传统的英语语音教学方法很难实现这一目的,唯一办法只能是在教学的方式方法上进行改革。而英语语音课堂逆向教学无疑是个可以一试的方法。英语语音课堂逆向教学顾名思义,逆向教学是与传统的英语教学相对而言的。传统的英语教学大都遵循这样的路向:必须打好“基础”或练好“基本功”。所谓“基础”或“基本功”,说的是学英语得从音素、音标、字母开始,接着是强记单词、词组,然后是按语法规则造句,最后是靠单词表或词典的释义来理解和翻译短文、篇章。传统的英语语音教学则是先花大量的时间教英语的26个字母的正确朗读、48个音素的读音,后教单词重音,单词的强读弱读,句子及段落停顿,再到文章的朗读。教师课堂教学的绝大部分时间是用来纠正学生在中学遗留下来的语音问题。对教师而言,教语音必须“有错必纠”,这样做的结果是:不知不觉中把英语

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语音的课堂教学目标从“重教”转移到“重纠”。这样学习的结果使学生先前的英语学习热情顿失,枯燥的“纠音”越纠越枯燥,纠音纠到最后,学生不愿意开口说话,英语语音训练是越练越提不起兴趣,从而形成一种英语学习过程的“恶性循环”。而英语语音逆向教学则从逆向思维出发,采取听力训练与语音、语调训练相结合的方法。在语音教学过程中要求学生课堂内外精听旋律悠美的经典英美名歌名曲,模仿歌曲的语音语调。在学生模仿过程中穿插进行英语语音基础知识的教学。同时采取“另类”训练法进行英语语音教学:打破英语语音教学中的因循守旧,按部就班的给学生“打基础”的传统教学模式,不是先教英语的48个音素、音标,后教单词、句子、段落,再到语段、篇章的教学,而是在精听旋律悠美的经典英美名歌名曲,模仿歌曲语音语调的基础上,把提高学生的听力和听写技能结合起来,教学生用不完整的语句表达出交际的意图,鼓励学生运用有限的英语能力来让交际对象领会自己的意思,最终使学生的英语语音的实际运用能力得以提高。对学生而言,讲英语,学语音不必“有错必纠”,教师应学会如何把英语语音的课堂教学目标从“重纠”转移到“重学”上,认定英语语音是“学会的”而不是“教会的”。英语语音的课堂教学以听懂为基础,以模仿为过程。这个训练过程是在学生对语音材料有一定的感性认识的基础上进行。此过程是艰苦的,它即练听,又练读,是否听懂取决于是否能模仿出来。训练的结果是:学生的英语语音语调得到了提高和改进的同时,听力得到了增强,交际能力也相应地得到了提高。英语语音课堂逆向教学应注意的几点

3.1 以学生为主体,培养和保护学生的学习兴趣教师要以学生的“学”为主体,教会学生如何学好英语。从第一节语音课开始,教师要不失时机地谈语音语调的重要性以及语音语调的学习方法,还有告诉学生语音训练的难度,提醒学生除了语音课集中训练外,还有做好课后自己长期训练的思想准备。教师通过课堂内精听旋律悠美的经典英美名歌名曲,通过模仿歌曲的语音语调去激发学生强烈的学习愿望。同时对于发音较差的学生,一旦发现其有点滴进步,就要及时鼓励。

3.2 灵活进行课堂设计,突出重点由于进入大学的多数同学已经形成了自己的语音模式,因而自我辨音的能力较差,这就需要老师有目的地不断纠正和提醒,必要时配以详细的语音发音器官图指导学生,要求学生课后多听、多模仿来校正自己的语音错误,从而提高自己的语音能力。

3.3 运用多媒体教学手段现代化的多媒体视听教学手段构成了语音教学的立体教材。它使学生好像置身于现实的自然情景和言语交际的环境中,让学生在视听理解及有意识地模仿、操练的同时,将语音的韵律成分在特定的言语环境中自然消化吸收。结束语

英语语音课堂逆向教学实际上是融英语听、说、读、写为一体的综合教学,它使学生的英语发音、听力、词汇、文化素质等都得到提高。笔者通过对桂林航专2005级商务英语2班进行为期一个学期的英语语音课堂逆向教学试验后发现:在总共50个测试项目的期末检测分析中,试点班2005级商务英语2班与2005级商英/旅英非试点班相比,其答题正确率有35项高于非试点班(9项持平/略低于非试点班),而且试点班学生在英语语音基本知识的掌握、英语听力能力方面比非试点班有较大提高。这证明了英语语音课堂逆向教学的可行性。

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