2012年四月自考英语(二)答案

第一篇：2012年四月自考英语(二)答案

英语二

一、单选题

1.Only when you have obtained sufficient data _ A.can you _ come to a sound conclusion.2._ Little did he know C.Little he did know that this region was so rich in natural resources.3.Never again _ D.did Alfred E.Smith seriously seek _ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.4.Only in recent years _C have people _ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.5._ C.May what come _, we were not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.6.Not until I shouted at the top of my voice _B did he turn _ his head.7._D Never have so many women _ received law degrees as today.8.Heat does not travel by convection in solid, because the solid does not move,D so a liquid does.9.On no account _C must my name be mentioned to anyone.10.C.So clever are the construction robots _ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.二、完型填空 11.B.alive 12.D.into 13.C.glimpse 14.B.falling 15.C.another 16.D.so 17.B.However 18.A.but 19.B.Near 20.D.Nearby

三、阅读理解（记住选项和开头）21-25 B.had a smarter mind than other children of the same age C．it had decided to admit him A.Lakeside was a milestone in the course of Bill Gates' success C.having a great liking for C.Bill Gates 26-30 B.human conversation B.four zones of personal space C.begin talking more softly A.an economic reason for personal space A.explosions so large that they are beyond belief 31-35 C.it leads people to new life experiences C.save D.opening up opportunities B.make more investments in the technology B.computer learners

四、单词翻译

36.承担责任的a.responsible 37.美德virtue 38.促进;提升 v.promote 39.韵律 n.rhythm 40.屈服、屈从yield 41.近似的，大约的a.approximate 42.忽视，忽略 v.neglect 43.细节 n.detail 44.值得做的worth 45.心理学 n.psychology 46.强迫 v.compel 47.排除 v.eliminate 48.不赞成 n.disapproval 49.怀疑，推测 v.suspect 50.捕获 v.capture 51.个性，人格 n.personality 52.个人简历 n.resume

53、经济学 n.economics

54、志愿者 n.volunteer

55、欣赏，鉴赏 v.appreciation

五、变换格式(括弧里的是原形，右边的是你要填的)

56、（become）become

57、(convince)convincing

58、（watch）watching

59、（be）is

60、(launch)was launched 61、（agree）agreeable 62、（crowd）crowded 63、（rich）Enrich 64、(decide)deciding 65、(appear)appeared

六、翻译

1.他对天气的变化很敏感

He is sensitive to the change of the weather.2.他由朋友陪同去听音乐会。

He was accompanied by by his friend to the concert.3.由于管理不善，他的公司垮台了。

His company collapsed as a result of poor management 4.他的身影消失在黑暗中了。

His figure was swallowed up in the dark.5.没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。

If there is no correct choice, there is no proper decision

七、短文翻译

聪明的人，不管年轻还是年老，遇到新的情况或问题，他都会试图以自己认为的方式，用心灵和感官去感受一切关于自己的事物，而不是回避对自己或可能会导致发生在自己身上的事情，他会大胆的处理它，想象力、机智，如果没有自信，至少还有希望，如果他没有掌握它，他看起来没有羞耻或害怕自己的错误和学习他们有什么他可以。这是情报。显然，其根源在于在对生活的一定的感情，和一个人的生命的自我。正因如此，导致大多数心理学家喜欢假设。

Smart people, whether young or old, to meet new situation or problem, he will be trying to think of the way, with the mind and the senses to feel everything about their own things, not avoid to yourself or could lead to happen in yourself something, he will be bold deal with it, imagination, wit, if you have no confidence, at least have the hope that if he didn't have it, he doesn't look shame or fear their own mistakes and learn what they have to he can.This is intelligence.Obviously, the root is that of life in the certain feelings, and the life of a human being self.Because of this, causes most psychologists like hypothesis.

第二篇：2010自考英语二试卷及答案

2010年自考 英语二 试卷 及答案

2010年4月的自考已经结束，7月自考也慢慢向我们走来，在考生们的紧张复习至于，本站为大家提供了2010自考英语二试卷及答案，希望对考生们有所帮助。红色字体的为参考正确答案。

一、单选题

1． They are not afraid to repeat ________ they hear or to say strange things.A． what B． that C． when D． how 2． ________ arrived there ________ she fell ill.A． No sooner had Anne...than B． No sooner Anne had...than C． No sooner Anne had...when D． No sooner had Anne...when 3． All ________ is a continuous supply of fuel oil.A． what is needed B． the thing needed C． for their needs D． that is needed（编辑：白天骄）

4． This room is much too hot;it’s like a _____.A． fantasy B． fossil C． fashion D． furnace

5． I hope you will be ______ higher spirits when we meet next time.A． to B． on C． of D． in

6． ________ they are after is profit.A． Which B． That C． What D． When 7． The satellite also demonstrated how it could provide help to people living in isolated areas where________is difficult.A． transportation B． instruction C． application D． compensation（编辑：白天骄）

8． As we have been very busy recently, we go to the theatre only＿． A． absolutely B． frequently C． continually D． occasionally

9． We can come to the _____ that the more we practice, the more skillful we will be.A． tradition B． generation

C． conclusion D． fact 10． Tom's father ________ home until yesterday.A． doesn't write B． don't write to C． didn't write to D． didn't write

二、完形填空题（编辑：白天骄）

1． The name “United Nations”was probably devised by U.S.president Franklin D．Roosevelt, and first group of representatives of the member states met and signed a declaration of common purpose on New Year's Day in 1942．Representatives of five 11 worked together to draw 12 proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944．These proposals, modified after 13 at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally 14 and signed as the UN Charter by 50 countries on 26 June，1945．Poland, not 15 at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of 16 members.It was not until that autumn, 17 , after the Charter had been 18 approved and signed by China, France, the USSR, the UK and the US and by a majority of the other participants, the UN came 19 existence.The date was 24 October, now 20 celebrated as United Nations Day.1． 11 A． lands B． powers C． armies D． fields 2． 12 A． up B． out C． on D． in

3． 13 A． debate B． quarrel C． dispute D． remark 4． 14 A． admitted to B． decided on C． permitted of D． agreed on 5． 15 A． to be represented B． represented C． represent D． to represent 6． 16 A． former B． original C． before D． formal 7． 17 A． therefore B． otherwise C． however

D． nevertheless 8． 18 A． really B． wholly C． officially D． actually 9． 19 A． to B． off C． for D． into 10． 20 A． universally B． total C． wholly D． world

三、阅读理解题 1．（编辑：白天骄）

Since the late 1960s a growing number of women have expressed a strong dissatisfaction with any marriage arrangement wherein the husband and his career are the primary considerations in the marriage.By the end of the 1970s, for example, considerably less than half of the women in the United States still believed that they would put their husbands and children ahead of their own careers.More and more American women have come to believe that they should be equal partners rather than junior partners in their marriages.This stage of marriage, although not typical of most American marriages at present, will grow most rapidly in the future.In an equal partnership marriage, the wife pursues a full time job or career which has equal importance to her husband's.The long-standing division of labor between husband and wife comes to an end.The husband is no longer the main provider of

family income, and the wife no longer has the main responsibilities for household duties and raising children.Husband and wife share all these duties equally.Power over family decisions is also shared equally.The rapid change in women's attitudes toward marriage in 1970s reflected rapid change in the larger society.The women's Liberation movement appeared in the late 1960s, demanding an end to all forms of sexual discrimination against females.An Equal Rights Amendment(修正案)to the U.S.Constitution was proposed which would make any form of discrimination on the basis of sex illegal, and though it has failed to be ratified, it continues to have millions of supporters.1． Since the late 1960s, more and more women dissatisfied with the marriage ________.A． arranged by other people B． in which husband and children are put in the first place C． in which they themselves have superior privilege D． arranged by their husbands 2． In an equal partnership marriage, ________.A． the wife is the main provider of family income B． the wife no longer has household duty C． the husband and wife share the responsibility for the family D． the husband and wife will not quarrel in the family 3． The Women's Liberation Movement ________.A． maintains sexual equality

B． claims to get rid of family responsibility C． began in the end of 1970s D． thinks that husband and wife should interchange roles in family 4． The word “ratified”(the forth line in paragraph 3)probably means ________.A． encouraged B． objected

C． disproved D． confirmed

5． In 1970s, women's attitude toward marriage changed rapidly because ________.A． women's liberation movement appeared in the late 1960s B． an Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S.Constitution was proposed C． husband is no longer the main provider of family income D． both A and B 2．（编辑：白天骄）

The skin which covers the tips of the fingers and thumbs is crossed by numerous ridges(隆 起)arranged in different patterns.This patterns are permanent from birth and remain exactly the same throughout a person's life, even when the skin becomes wrinkled and cracked as a result of old age.Such patterns are never passed on from parents to children, and no one in the world has the same patterns as anyone else.Even identical twins have different sets of fingerprints.As a result, fingerprints offer a most useful and foolproof way of identifying people.Any ridged part of the hand and the foot may be used as a means of identification, but finger impressions are usually preferred since they can be taken easily and quickly.Fingerprints are classified in the ways: by general shapes and contours, by the finger positions of the pattern-types, and by size(often measured by counting the ridges in the loops).Every set of fingerprints has different “ridge characteristics”(i.e.the print of each separate finger is different from that of all the other fingers), which belong to one of four basic groups: arches, loops, whorls and composites.All fingerprints can then be divided into 1, 024 groups.By using details in the patterns above, these 1, 024 groups can be further divided into thousands of smaller groups, thus making it possible to find a particular see prints in a few minutes.1． According to this passage, the true statement about human fingerprints is that ________.A． people's fingerprints can be inherited B． people's fingerprints are unique but identical twins may have the same fingerprints C． using fingerprints is the only way to identify people D． people's fingerprints will not change in all their lives

2． We prefer to use fingerprints to identify people because ________.A． we can never find the same set of fingerprints among human beings

B． finger impressions can be taken easily and quickly C． fingerprints offer a most useful and foolproof way of identifying people D． all of the above 3． About the classification of fingerprints, which is TRUE? ________.A． Fingerprints can be classified in three ways B． All fingerprints can be divided into 1, 024 groups and can not be divided further C． It is not easy to find a particular set of fingerprints in a short time D． People can not classify the fingerprints in an effective way

4． The word“foolproof”(line 7, pare.1)most probably means ________.A． that is permanent B． that is helpful C． that is not foolish D． that can not go wrong 5． The passage is most probably taken from an article entitled ________.A． Permanent Fingerprints B． Classification of Fingerprints C． Ridge Characteristics D． A Means of Identification 3．（编辑：白天骄）

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way doesn't live up to the manufacture's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results.However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager.In general, the “higher up”the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled.In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuring he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question.If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements.For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear”is better than“This stereo(立体声音响)does not work.”

1． The possible meaning of the phrase“live up to”(line 2, para.1)may be ________.A． to make up to consumers B． to keep to the high standards of C． to be the best compared with others D． to stand for salesmen's benefits 2． If a consumer finds what she or he bought doesn't live up to the manufacture's claim for it, ________.A． presenting the warranty is the only way to settle the problem B． there are many ways for the consumer to gain satisfaction C． the first thing to do is to threaten to take the matter to court D． what she or he should do is to keep silent 3． If a consumer complain in person to the store manager，__________.A． it's possible to settle the problem in the consumer's favour B． the consumer can surely get the compensation C． the salesgirl is surely scolded by the manager D． the consumer is surely refused 4． The most effective complaint can be made ________.A． in a firm and exaggerated way B． by presenting specific information as to what is wrong C． by making general statements

D． by complaining to the manager loudy and firmly 5． the main idea in this passage is about ________.A． salesmen's strategies to satisfy consumers B． consumers' strategies to get the most from the store C． how to buy satisfactory goods D． how to protect consumers' rights

四、单词拼写题（编辑：白天骄）

1． 投递；发表 vt.d_ _ _ _ _ _ 2． 宗教 n.r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3． 保留 vt.r_ _ _ _ _ _ 4． 秋天 n.a_ _ _ _ _ 5． 安全的 a.s_ _ _ 6． 诊断疾病 vt./vi.d__ __ __ __ __ __ __ 7． 装修 v.d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8． 超级市场 n.s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9． 返回、回来 v.r_ _ _ _ _ 10． 政党 n.p_ _ _ _ 11． 同情、同情心 n.s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12． 仁慈、宽容 n.m_ _ _ _ 13． 污染 n.p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14． 最后的 a.u__ __ __ __ __ __ __ 15． 十四 num.f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16． 罪犯 n.c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17． 灯 n.1＿＿＿

18． 探险 v.e_ _ _ _ _ _ 19． 闪电 n.l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20． 文化、文明 n.c_ _ _ _ _ _

五、词形变换（编辑：白天骄）

1． If he accepts the job, he ________(get)more money right away.2． All this made him ________(interest)in the history of philosophy.3． Her works of art show a great deal of ________(origin).4． She suggested ________(spend)another day in the mountain area.5． When I saw her, she ________(work)at the computer.6． He is always the first______（answer）question.7． These guidelines represent what a majority of people________（consider）acceptable.8． The book is not so difficult as I ________(expect).9． This classroom is ______(dirty)than the one we just left.10． These social ________(phenomenon)are so hard for us to understand.六、汉译英题

1． 坐出租车吧，以免误了火车。

2． 买东西的人心底里总是暗自希望找到价值高而又便宜的东西。3． 关于惊吓症发生的原因，现已有多种解释。4． 不论你有多富有，也无法用金钱买到健康。5． 就我而言，我不喜欢他做事的方式。

七、英译汉题

1． Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order? Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.One example of organization is chunking.Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.For example, the number 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467,13,63.Categorizing is another means of organization.Suppose you are asked to remember the following list of

words: man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat chair.Many people will group the words into similar categories and remember them as follows: man, woman, child;cat, dog, horse;bench, chair, desk.Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.

第三篇：2007自考英语二试题与答案

2007年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试

英语

（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）

Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure(10 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。1.It is difficult to __ the implication between the lines.A.get to B.get with C.get at D.get down 2.The volleyball match was televised __ on CCTV.A.alive B.life C.live D.lively 3.The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its __ considerabi A.distributionB.contributionC.prescriptionD.circulatiol 4.The central theatre has a seating __ of more than 3,000 people.A.capabilityB.capacityC.abilityD.facility 5.The furniture in her bedroom is quite different from __ in the living room.A.that B.it C.One D.which 6.Because of the bad weather, the sports meet had to be __.A.shutdownB.done awayC.taken offD.called off 7.Jenny complained that the hospital _ her too much for the treatment.A.expendedB.paidC.costD.charged 8.Having decided to rent a flat, we __ contacting housing agencies in the city.A.set aboutB.set downC.set outD.setup 9.The book fair has received a positive __ from readers.A.resultB.responseC.settlementD.solution 10.If the operation __ carefully prepared, it would not have been successful.A.was notB.has not beenC.had not beenD.were not Ⅱ.Cloze Test(10 point each)The basic principle of radar is illustrated by what happens when one shouts in a e.The echoof the shouting 11 the walls helps a person determine the size of i cave.With radar, however , the waves are radio waves instead of 12 waves.dio waves travel 13 the speed of light, about 300,000 kilometers in a second.A lar set 14 a short burst of radio waves.Then it receives the echoes 15 when waves bounce(Silt)off objects.By determining the time it 16 for the echoes to imi to the radar set, a trained technician 17 determine the distance between the [ar set and other objects.The word “radar”, 18 , gets its name from the term dio detection and ranging.“ ”Ranging“ is the term for detection of the 19 between object and the radar set.Besides being of critical importance to pilot, radar is 20 for air traffic control, tracking ships at sea, and for tracking weather systems and storms.11.A.throughB.forC.onD.against 12.A.soundB.lightC.heatD.tide 13.A.inB.atC.overD.on 14.A.sendsoutB.works outC.figures outD.puts out 15.A.producingB.producedC.produceD.produces 16.A.spendsB.takesC.killsD.makes 17.A.canB.mustC.ought toD.has to 18.A.incaseB.in turnC.in shortD.in fact 19.A.lengthB.widthC.distanceD.space 20.A.EventualB.internalC.externalD.essential Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension(30 points,2 points each)从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Among the company was a lawyer, a young man of about twenty-five.On being asked his opinion, he said, ”Capital punishment and life imprisonment are equally immoral.If I were to make a choice between them, I would rather choose the latter Anyway, it's better to live than not to live at all.“ A lively discussion followed.A banker, who was then younger and more nervous than the lawyer, suddenly lost his temper and cried out, ”It's a lie.I bet you two million.You wouldn't stick in a cell even for five years.“ ”If you mean it,“ replied the young lawyer, ”I bet I'll stay there longer;make it fifteen instead of five.“ ”Fifteen!Done!“ cried the banker.”Gentleman, I bet you two millions.“ ”Agreed.Two millions for my freedom,“ said the lawyer.So this wild, ridiculous bet came to pass.The banker could not hide his excitement During supper he said to the lawyer jokingly, ”Come to your senses, young man, before it's too late.Two millions are nothing to me, but you stand to lose three or four of the best years of your life.I say three or four because you'll never stick it out any longer Don't forget that voluntary imprisonment is much harder to put up with than a enforced one.The idea that you have the right to free yourself any moment will poison your life in the cell.I pity you.“ And now the banker, pacing from comer to comer, recalled all this and asked himself, ”Why did I make this bet? What's the good? The lawyer lost fifteen years of hi life and I threw away two millions.Will it convince people that capital punishment is worse or better than imprisonment for life? No, no!Rubbish!On my part, it was the caprice（心血来潮）of a well-fed millionaire;on the lawyer's part, it's the pure greed c gold." 21．The lawyer would choose life imprisonment because.A.he was younger than the banker B.capital punishment was immoral C.it was better than capital punishment D.the banker would give him $200,000 22.The author considers the bet between the lawyer and the banker.A.interestingB.ridiculous C.capriciousD.instructive 23.The word 'company' in the first paragraph refers to __.A.companionsB.bankers C.lawyersD.prisoners 24.The banker was extremely excited because __.A.he was too rich to care for the money B.he was sure of his winning the bet C.the lawyer would give up in 15 years D.the lawyer would give up before 5 years 25.In the end, the banker considers his bet with the lawyer __.A.rationalB.reasonableC.beneficialD.unreasonable Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Online learning is also called distance education, which helps students who take classes by computer over the Internet to learn certain courses and earn a degree.And it has become more and more popular with both young people and educational institutions.The School of Continuing and Professional Studies of New York University in Manhattan began online classes in 1992.Its Virtual School has taught more than 10,000 students from across the United States and other countries.Last year，the school launched NYU Online.It offers NYU's first online Programs for a bachelor's degree.Programs are offered in three areas;leadership And management, information systems management and social sciences.The classes are highly interactive where students communicate with each other and their teachers.Some classes require students to log in at the same time so they can attend live lectures by a professor Students can also ask questions and work together on team projects.The cost to attend NYU Online depends on how many classes a student is to take It costs as much as fifteen thousand dollars a year.NYU offers no financial aid for international students in this program.If you are interested in the program, you can gel more details at the website: www.xiexiebang.common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction.This is not true.The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature.Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.For example, tropical forests are known to be essential to the balance of nature, yet we are destroying them at a great rate.They are being cleared not to benefit the natives of that country, but to satisfy the needs of rich countries.Central American forests are being destroyed for grassland to make pet food in the United States cheaper;in Papua slew Guinea, forests are destroyed to supply cheaper cardboard packaging for Japanese electronic products;in Burma and Thailand, forests have been destroyed to produce more attractive furniture in Singapore and Hong Kong.Therefore, a rich person living thousands of miles away may cause more tropical forest destruction than a poor person living in the forest itself.In short, it is everybody's duty to safeguard the future of mankind—not only through population control, but by being more aware of the effect his actions have on nature.Nature is both fragile and powerful.It is very easily destroyed;on the other hand, it can easily destroy its most dangerous enemy—man.31.According to the first paragraph, people usually believe that.A.poor people in poor countries contribute to the imbalance of nature B.rich people know how to protect the environment by taking actions C.people in poor areas know a lot about the birth control D.rich people in rich countries have done a lot to balance nature 32.In the author's opinion, __.A.developing countries should be responsible for environmental problems B.overpopulation in the world is created by the developed countries C.rich countries exercise worse influence on environment than poor countries D.all countries should bring the population growth under control 33.The purpose of the second paragraph is mainly to illustrate __.A.how the forests in the U.S.are being destroyed B.which countries are the victims of the imbalance of nature C.what Japan has done to develop its own economy D.how South Asian countries make quality furniture 34.Nature is very easily destroyed by __.A.rich peopleB.poor people C.natural disastersD.mankind 35.The topic of the passage is that __.A.the control of population is essential to the development of a nation B.natural resources are important to the economic development of a country C.awareness of the effects of man's actions is as important as population control D.developed countries should do more to protect natural environment on the earth IV.Word Spelling(10 points, 1 point for two items)将下列汉语单词译成英语。每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。

36．到国外；在国外ad.a37.相反的；不利的a.a38.帝国n.e39.典礼，仪式n.c 40.环境；境遇n.c41.密集度，稠密度n.d42.出现，涌现v.e43.扩大，放大n.e 44.特征，特色n.f45.杂志n.m46.移民，侨民n.i47.许可；执照n.l48.同时，其间n.m49.需要，必需品n.n50.服从，听从v.o51.四月a.A52.根本的，激进的a.r53.狡猾的；难处理的 a.t 54.策略，战略n.s55.宇宙的，普遍的a.u V.Word Form(10 points, 1 point each)将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。

56.Small shops offer products that range from inexpensive to expensive, __(depend)on the shop.57.Our training program covers a range of __(effect)management techniques.58.Large sums of money have to __(spend)each year on railway construction.59.He saw a letter lying on the table __(address)to him.60.It is highly __(desire)that the government give the company more financial support.61.She had an outward __(appear), but deep down she was really worried.62.There are a __(surprise)large number of mistakes in the test paper.63.Weather __(permit), the football match will be played on Wednesday.64.He lay perfectly still and __(play)dead to escape capture by the enemy.65.We are supposed __(follow)the teachers9 instructions, VI.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points each)将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。

66．当人类对周围的环境开始发问时，科学就诞生了。67．他尽管病得很重，但还是参加了会议。

68．这项研究结果表明白日梦有助于提高一个人适应新环境的能力。69．直到这次求职面试失败，他才意识到英语学习的重要性。70．随着经济发展和社会进步，人们越来越关心生活质量。Ⅶ.Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)When you turn on the television, put on your shoes or drive to a store, you're using energy.Energy is one of the most fundamental forces in the world.Animals use energy to walk and run.Trees and plants use energy to grow.People use it to work and play.Energy is everywhere in nature—in the light of the sun, in the wind, in the forest, in water currents and erupting volcanoes.Without energy, there is no life.We use our own energy constantly and we continually make use of all kinds of energy.Energy can be divided into two different types: stored energy and dynamic energy.Stored energy is called potential energy, and the latter refers to energy in motion.If you stretch out a rubber band, this produces potential energy.If you let it go, it moves an produces the dynamic energy.

第四篇：自考 英语二词汇表

自考 英语二词汇表

accomplish vt.完成(任务等)goal n.目的，目标；得分进球，球门 tendency n.趋势，倾向

managerial a.经理的，管理人的；管理上的，经营上的 implement vt.实现；完成；履行 suboptimization n.局部最优化，次优化 achievement n.完成，达到；成就，成绩 multiple a.多样的，复合的 n.倍数 constraint n.强制；强制因素，制约条件 scheme n.计划；方案 vt./vi.计划，策划 attain vt.达到；完成

define vt.解释，给…下定义；限定，规定 accompany vt.伴随，陪同；为…伴奏 correctness n.正确，正确性

budget n.预算 vt.把…编入预算；安排，预定 organizational a.组织(上)的 maker n.制造者；制造商 optimal a.最适宜的；最理想的 precedent n.先例，前例

argue vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；说服 predict vt./vi.预言；预示 slimplify vt.简化 objective n.目标，目的 a.客观的；无偏见的 profitability n.赚钱，获得

trade-off n.(对不能同时兼顾的因素)权衡；物物交 speechless a.不会说话的；不说话的 candidate n.候选人，候补者；应试者 interviewer n.接见者；面谈者 entity n.存在，实体；统一性 community n.社区；共同体

unintended a.非计划中的，非故意的 ongoing a.进行中的，前进的 to make a guess at 猜测 in part 部分地，在某种程度上 indifference n.冷漠；不感兴趣(to)vague a.含糊的；不明确的 skilled a.熟练的；有技能的 and the like 等等，诸如此类

prospect n.展望，景象；［常pl.］前景，前程 clarification n.澄清，阐明 criticism n.批评；评论 notion n.概念；想法，看法 personality n.个性；人格；品格 interview vt./n.面谈，采访；面试，口试 correspondence n.符合，一致；通信 prospective a.预期的；未来的

unattractive a.无吸引力的；不引人注意的 in the way 挡路；碍事 point of view 观点 to seek to 追求，争取 day to day work 日常工作

exert vt.尽(力)；施加(压力等)；行使(职权等)miniskirt n.超短裙 astronomer n.天文学家

photocopy vt./n.复印，影印；照相复制本 to ask for 请求，向…要；寻找 to turn down 拒绝；调小或调低；翻下 escape vi./vt.逃跑；避免 n.逃跑；逃路，出口 to one's advantage 对某人有利 punk n.(俚)阿飞；朋克 a.颓废派的 intimidate vt.恐吓，恫吓 clutch vt./vi.抓住，握紧 to make sure 查明，弄确实；确信 grip vt./n.紧握，紧夹；掌握，控制

conservative a.保存的，防腐的；保守的，守旧的to take the trouble to 不辞劳苦，费力 to apply for 申请

rephrase vt.重新措辞，改用别的话表示 in hand 手头上有 painful a.痛苦的；费力的 at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 inefficiency n.无效；效能差 resume n.摘要，梗概；个人简历 panel n.专门小组

neat a.整洁的；简洁的；整齐的

gravity n.严肃，认真；重要性；［物］重力 convincing a.有说服力的，使人信服的 galaxy n.［天］星系，［G-］银河系 boundary n.分界线，边界

implication n.含意，暗示；牵连，涉及，卷入 constant a.永恒的，经久不变的；经常的 n.常数companion n.同伴，同事；［天］伴星(=～star)neutron n.［物］中子

launch vt.发射；使(船)下水 n.发射，(船)下水 dwarf n.矮子；［天］矮星

twin a./n.双胞胎(的)［Twins］［天］双子座 binary a.二，双；二进制的 n.双(体)；联星 speculation n.推测，猜测；投机 basis n.基础，根据；主要成份；军事基地 observer n.遵守者，奉行者；观察者，监视者 interchangeable a.可交换的；可互换的 daytime n.白天，日间 observatory n.天文台；了望台

collapse vt./vi./n.(使)倒塌，(使)崩溃；瓦解 measurement n.衡量，测量 explode vt.使爆炸 vi.爆炸；突发 supernova n.［天］超新星

density n.密集度，稠密度；［物][化］密度 shrink vt./vi./n.收缩；缩小；退缩，畏缩 marble n.弹子；大理石 a.大理石的，大理石般的

thrilling a.令人激动的；颤动的，震颤的 Star of Bethlehem 圣诞星 outer a.外部的 mankind n.［用作单或复］人类

Milky Way 银河；银河系(=Milky Way galaxy)Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦(美籍德国理论物理学家)operate v.运转，起作用；动手术；操作；经营 to research into 研究

microscopic a.显微镜的；微观的；微小的，细微的 speculation about 关于…猜测 concerned a.有关的；关切的，担心的 largely ad.大量地；主要地 astronaut n.宇航员

unlikely a.未必可能的；靠不住的 swallow vt.吞咽 n.燕子

solar a.太阳的，日光的；利用太阳光的 glitter vi.闪闪发光，闪烁 n.闪光 whereas conj.而，却；反之 revolve vi.旋转；绕转 to swallow up 吞没，耗尽 cloudless a.无云的，晴朗的 lesser a.较小的；更少的；次要的 planet n.行星

White Dwarf ［天］白矮星 to make use of 利用

crowd n.群，人群 vi.聚集，群集 plateau n.(［复］plateaus或plateaux)高原 as a rule 通常；一般说来 weaken vt.削弱，减弱 vi.变弱 parliament n.议会，国会；［P-］议会

whilst conj.(=while)当…时；然而；虽然，尽管 above all 首先，首要

debate vt./n.争论，辩论 vi.对…进行争论，辩论injection n.注射；注射剂，针剂 criterion n.标准，准则 prosecute vt.对…起诉，告发 euthanasia n.无痛楚的死亡；安乐死 nationwide a.全国性的 ad.在全国范围内 deteriorate vt./vi.(使)恶化

Dutch a.荷兰人的；荷兰语的 n.荷兰人；荷兰语 request vt./n.请求，要求 a great many 很多 lethal a.致死的

tropical a.热带的；炎热的 coloured a.有色的 legal a.法律上的；合法的

Dutchman n.(［复］Dutchmen)荷兰人 religion n.宗教；宗教信仰

circumstance n.［pl.］情况，环境；境遇 ensure vt.保证，担保

oppose vt.反对，反抗；使相对，使对抗(to)sensitive a.敏感的；灵敏的，感光的

opt vi.抉择，选择(for)，在…之间选择 to make request for 要求… council n.理事会；委员会 healthcare n.保健

burden n.负担；责任，义务 vt.使负重担；麻烦 tradition n.传统；惯例 hospice n.(晚期病人)收容所

moving a.活动的，移动的；动人的，令人感动的 prohibition n.禁止；禁令 be opposed to 反对

elderly a.较老的，人过中年的 n.近老年人 consideration n.考虑；体谅，照顾 disabled a.伤残的；使失去战斗力的 shorten vt./vi.缩短，缩小；减少

vulnerable a.易受伤的，弱小的；易受…攻击的 paternalistic a.家长式统治的；家长作风的 founder n.创始者；缔造者 to be affected with 患有…疾病 to take...into account 考虑到 to debate on 关于…进行辩论 need for 对…的需要

individual n.个人，个体，独立单位 a.个人的；个别的to open up 打开；开办，开辟，开发；坦诚地谈话 conspiracy n.阴谋，密谋；阴谋集团，阴谋帮派 appoint vt.任命，委任(as)；约定，指定 The Netherlands 荷兰(=Holland)

Wilfred van Oijen 威尔弗雷德·范·奥仁(人名)unfair a.不公平的，不公正的 entry n.进入；入口；登记，条目，账目 privilege n.特权 vt.给予…特权

Cees van Wendel de Joode 齐思·范·万德尔·德·尤德(人名)to opt out(of)决定不参加…，决定(从…)退出 Andrew Ferguson 安德鲁·福格森(人名)merit n.优点，长处；功绩，功劳 senior a.年长的；大学四年级的 n.年长者 graduate v.(使)(大学)毕业 n.大学毕业生，研究生 bias n.偏见 v.［常用被动语态］有偏见 private a.私人的；私营的；秘密的，私下的 escalator n.自动扶梯

to have...at heart 对某事十分关心 headmaster n.(中学或小学的)校长 Cicely Saunders 茜西莉·桑德斯(人名)employment n.使用；雇佣；职业，工作

profession n.职业(尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的)network n.［纺］网眼织物；网状物，网络 leading a.领导的，指引的；最重要的，主要的 publish vt.出版，刊印；公布，发表

old-boy n.老同学；(招呼用)老朋友，老弟，老兄 prime a.最初的，基本的；主要的；最好的 fiercely ad.凶猛地，凶残地；猛烈地 on average平均

vision n.想像力，幻觉；视力，视觉；眼光 elitist n.杰出人物 a.杰出人物(统治论)的 ivy n.常青藤

applicant n.申请人，请求者 to blame...for 为…责备某人

remedial a.治疗的，治疗上用的；补救的 elite n.精英，杰出人物 a.杰出的，精英的 excellence n.优秀，杰出

classless a.无阶级的；不属于任何阶级的 to amount to 达到，总计；相当于，等于 by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言 competitive a.竞争的，比赛的 academic a.学院的，学会的；学术的

equivalent a.相等的；等价的 n.等价(物)；对应词 additional a.附加的，追加的；另外的 be worth doing 值得做…

abolish vt.废除(法律，习惯等)；取消

entrance n.进入；入口，门口；入场，入会，入学 performance n.执行；表现，工作性能；演出，演奏 recruit vt./vi.征募(新兵)，吸收；补充 n.新成员 replicate vt.重复；复制

accessible a.易接近的；易受影响的(to)；可理解的Clare Bolderson 克莱尔·博尔德森(人名)folk n.人们；［口］家属，亲属 a.民间的 Don Claxton 唐·克莱克斯顿(人名)punishment n.处罚，罚，刑罚；折磨，损害 disaffection n.不满

inhumane a.不人道的，残忍的

civil a.国民的，民用的；国内的，民间的 union n.工会，协会；结合，联合

distinct a.与其他不同的，独特的；明显的 musician n.音乐家；作曲家 rock'n'roll n.摇滚乐，摇滚舞

musically ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地 blues n.布鲁斯；慢四步舞

liberty n.自由，自由权；冒昧，失礼；特许权，特权rhythmic a.有韵律的；有节奏的

transformation n.变化，转化；改造，改革 Alvin Bronstein 阿尔文·布朗斯坦(人名)Alabama 阿拉巴马(美国州名)to call up 打电话；使想起，使忆起 to watch over 看守，照管，监视 argument n.争论，辩论；论据，理由

Huntsville 亨茨维尔(城市名，位于阿拉巴马州北部)Georgia 佐治亚(美国州名)Arkansas 阿肯色(美国州名)in unison 完全一致地

deny vt.否定，否认；拒绝接受，拒绝给予 toilet n.盥洗室；厕所 eyewitness n.目击者；见证人 United Kingdom 联合王国 weed n.杂草，野草 vt.除草，拔草 ditch n.沟，沟渠 vt./vi.开渠；筑渠

circus n.马戏团，杂技团；马戏场，杂技场 interstate a.［主美］州际的 unison n.一致；协调 gap n.裂口，裂缝 racial a.种族的

racist n.种族主义者 a.种族主义的；种族歧视的 shackle n.［常pl.］镣铐；［pl.］束缚，枷锁 Singapore 新加坡岛；新加坡；新加坡市 spokesman n.发言人；代言人

plantation n.种植园，大农场；植树造林 BBC 英国广播公司

correspondent n.对应物；新闻通讯员，记者，通信者gang n.一队，一族；一群，一帮

The Philippines 菲律宾(国)；菲律宾群岛 re-introduction n.重新采用，重新引入 Lydia Garcia 莉迪亚·加西亚(人名)Kumari 库马里(人名)Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡

degrade vt.降级，贬低；堕落；退化 concession n.让步；特许权；租界，租界地 immigration n.移居；外来的移民 to convict...of 证明…有罪，宣判…有罪 breadwinner n.养家糊口的人 to bring over 把…带来；使转变 be deserving of 值得；应得 be supposed to 应该

shelf n.(壁橱，书橱内)搁板；架子 deserving a.应得的，值得的(of)immigrant a.移民的，侨民的 n.移民，侨民 kingdom n.王国；领域

Filipino n.菲律宾人(语)a.菲律宾人的；菲律宾的 convict vt.证明…有罪(of)；宣判 n.罪犯 execute vt.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；将…处死 foreigner n.外国人

Saudi n.沙特阿拉伯人 a.沙特阿拉伯(人或语)的 leaflet n.小叶，嫩叶；传单，活页 maid n.少女；侍女，女仆

incidence n.影响程度，影响范围；发生率 despite prep.尽管，任凭 deport vt.驱逐出境 employee n.雇员，雇工

status n.情形，状况；地位，身份

minimum n.最小量；最低限度 a.最小的；最低的 guilt n.有罪；内疚

Stanford(美国)斯坦福大学

Walter Ellis 沃尔特·埃利斯(人名)Oxford 牛津；牛津大学 passport n.护照

Oxbridge 牛津大学和剑桥大学；该校之学生 Harvard(美国)哈佛大学 Cambridge 剑桥；剑桥大学

domestic adj.家庭的，家务的；国内的n.家仆，佣人

sexually ad.在性方面 Briton n.大不列颠人；英国人 abuse vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱 John Rae 约翰·雷(人名)diplomat a.外交家；外交官

statistics n.统计数字，统计资料；［用作单］统计学 exploit vt.开发，开采；利用；剥削 abroad ad.到国外；在国外 Princeton(美国)普林斯顿大学 lvy League 常春藤联合会；名牌大学的 Yale(美国)耶鲁大学

campaign n.战役；运动 v.参加运动，参加竞选活动 Berkeley 伯克利；加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校 Westminster 威斯敏斯特 France 法兰西，法国

John Major 约翰·梅杰(前英国首相)slavery n.奴隶制度，奴役；奴隶身份 eclecticism n.折衷主义 imitator n.模仿者 guitar n.六弦琴，吉他 jazz n.爵士乐 Negro n.黑人 a.黑人的 amplifier n.放大器

electronics n.［复］［用作单］电子学 electronic a.电子的 youthful a.反战的 readily ad.乐意地；很快地，容易地 sentiment n.感情，情绪；感伤 lighting n.照明，照明设备

studio n.工作室；播音室，演播室；电影制片厂 originate vi./vt.发源；发生，发起 synthesis n.结合，合成

consciousness n.意识，知觉；觉悟 instrument n.仪器；乐器 passive a.被动的；消极的 participant n.参加者 a.参与的 limitless a.无限制的，无限的 ballroom n.舞厅

spontaneous a.自发的，本能的，自动的；出自自然的penetrating a.穿透的，贯穿的；深刻的，透彻的 thereby ad.由此，从而

multimedia a.多种手段的；多媒体的 n.多媒体 to take on 具有；担任(工作等)；雇佣 thematic a.题目的，主题的；主旋律的

symphony n.交响曲，交响乐；交响乐队，交响音乐会 fruitful a.有成果的，有收获的 Bob Dylan 鲍伯·狄伦

traditionalist n.传统主义者；因循守旧者 painstaking a.苦干的；费力的

to take over 接管，接任；把…从一处运到另一处 invariably ad.不变地

San Francisco 旧金山(或称三藩市)

inspire vt.鼓舞；使产生灵感 creative a.创造性的

Beatle ［the Beatles］披头士摇滚乐队 preliminary a.预备的；初步的 n.初试；预赛 conception n.概念，观念

improvise vt.即兴创作；临时准备，临时凑成 output n.产量；输出

Jefferson Airplane 杰弗逊飞机(美国摇滚乐队名)handle n.柄，把手 vt.运用，操纵；经营，管理 notebook n.笔记本 composer n.作曲家

theme n.题目，主题；主旋律 to take place 发生

well-established a.固定下来的；得到确认的 constructive a.建设的，建设性的

conventional a.惯例的，常规的；(艺术等)因袭的at a stretch 连续不断地

for the sake of 为了…之好处；为了…的目的 diversified a.多样化的 sonority n.响亮，洪亮 in advance 在前面；预先 to serve as 适合

Palestrina 帕莱斯特里纳(意大利作曲家)temper vt.［治］使回火，锻炼；调合 clavichord n.(音)击弦古钢琴 in a sense 在某种意义上

Hugo Wolf 沃尔夫(奥地利作曲家)experimental a.实验的；经验的 sake n.缘故

summarize vt./vi.概述，总结 to belong in 应归入(类别、范畴等)Franz Schubert 舒伯特(奥地利作曲家)in other words 换句话说 Beethoven 贝多芬(德国作曲家)completeness n.完整，圆满；完成，结束

well(-)tempered 脾气好的；(键盘乐器)调到平均律的It goes without saying that 不言而喻，理所当然 evident a.明显的，明白的

mold n.(=mould)模子；模型 vt.用模子做，浇铸 harmony n.协调，和谐；融洽，一致 automotive a.自动的，机动的；汽车的 increasingly ad.不断增加地 calculator n.计算者；计算器

reduction n.减少，减小；降级，降职；归纳，归并 frame n.构架，框架

expose vt.使暴露，使面临；揭露，揭发 appliance n.应用，适用；用具，器械 Edgar Varese 瓦雷兹(法裔美国作曲家)Debussy 德彪西(法国作曲家)Moussorgsky 穆索尔斯基(俄国作曲家)robotics n.机器人学，机器人技术 robot n.机器人；自动控制装置

spray n.水花；喷雾 vt.喷；喷涂 vi.喷；溅散 efficiency n.效率；功效，效能，实力 prevalent a.流行的，普通的

cast vt.投，扔；投射；铸造 n.投，掷；模具 weld vt./n.焊接

radiation n.放射，发光；放射物，辐射线，辐射能 personnel n.全体人员，全体职员；人事(部门)Well Tempered Clavichord(巴赫)《平均律钢琴曲集》Gesualdo 杰苏阿尔多(意大利作曲家)Bach 巴赫(德国作曲家)radioactive a.［原］放射性的；放射引起的 install vt.安装

Berlioz 柏辽兹(法国作曲家，指挥家及音乐评论家)in between 在中间；每间隔；在…期间 shade n.荫，阴影 vt.遮蔽，遮光 fireman n.消防队员 light-sensitive a.光敏的 in question 正被谈论的

critical a.批评(性)的；紧要的，关键性的，危急的digital a.手指的，指状的；数字的，计数的 housekeeper n.管理家务的主妇；女管家 plenty of 大量的；丰富的

specific a.特有的，特定的；具体的，明确的 to expose to 暴露；面临；曝露 brightness n.明亮，晴朗；聪敏，机灵 automatic a.自动的；无意识的，机械的

grayscale 灰度

attendant n.侍者，服务员；出席者 assemble vt.集合；装配 vi.集合 calculation n.计算，计算结果；仔细考虑 camera n.照相机，摄影机

reprogramme v.再次(重新)设定程序 in that 在于，原因是

scale n.刻度，表度；规模；比例(尺)；天平switch n.开关，转换器 v.转换；接通或切断…电流defective a.有缺点的；有缺陷的 intensity n.强烈，剧烈 completion n.完成，结束；完满 reliability n.可靠性 forecast vt.预测，预报；预示

speculate vi.思索；推测vt.投机；思索，推测 radon n.氡

fault n.缺点，毛病；错误，过失；［地］断层 subside vi.沉淀；沉降；平静下来，平息，减退 arthquake n.地震

on the alert 警戒，处于戒备状态 seismic a.地震

precede vt.先于…，比…优先 vi.在前面，领先 giant n.巨人；巨物，巨大的动物 a.巨大的 to set up 设立，建立；建立，提出 Guatemala 危地马拉 radium n.镭

datum n.(［复］data)资料，材料；数据 Chile 智利

up-to-date a.最新的，现代化的；直至目前的 earning n.警告；警报 a.警告的

eastern a.东方的，东部的；向东方的，来自东方的 to work on 从事…；对…有影响

partial a.偏袒的，偏心的，对…偏袒；部分的 underground a.地下的；秘密的 ad.在地下；隐蔽地 shift vt./vi.替换；转移 n.转换，转移；轮班 decay vi./vt.(使)腐朽，腐烂；衰变 n.腐烂；衰败 analyze vt.分析

occupation n.占领；占有；职业 satisfaction n.满意，满足 recognition n.认出；承认，公认

positive a.确实的；积极的，肯定的；正的，阳性的 Garm 加尔姆(俄国城市)underlie vt.支撑；构成(理论，政策，行为等)的基础stressful a.紧张的，压力重的 renewal n.更新；重新开始 impart vt.把…分给；给予(to)attach vt.固定住，系；附加，隶属；使喜爱 Charles Richter 查尔斯·里克特 leadership n.领导；［总称］领导人员 Haicheng 海城(中国辽宁省城市)urban a.城市的，都市的

research n.研究，调查 vi.调查，研究

loom vi.隐隐呈现；逼近portray vt.描绘；描写；描述

possession n.有，拥有；［常pl.］占有物；财产 relaxation n.松弛，放松；缓和，减轻；休养 California 加利福尼亚(美国州名)San Andreas fault(美)圣安德烈亚斯断层 relevant a.贴切的，中肯的；与…有关的(to)desirable a.称心的，合意的，理想的 acquire vt.获得，得到

motivate vt.作为…的动机，激发 overestimate vt.过高估计；过高评价 elusive a.躲避的；难以捉摸的，难以理解的 wayside n.路边 a.路边的

be concerned with 关于，涉及；忙于…；关心，关切oversupply vt./n.过多供应

tricky a.狡猾的，耍花招的；难以处理的 adjustment n.调整

flexible a.柔韧的，柔顺的；可变通的，灵活的 attainment n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣 slip vi.滑动，滑过；溜，溜走 vt.使滑动 realistic a.现实的，实际的；现实主义的 underestimate vt.低估；看轻

weekly a.每周的ad.每周(一次)n.周刊，周报 to put...to use 使用；利用

to attach importance to 认为…很重要 participation n.参加，参与

to take to 开始从事；养成…的习惯；培养对…的爱好 project n.设计，规划；项目 vt.方案，计划；投射 be relevant to 与…有关 quicksand n.流沙

readjustment n.再整理，再调整 on the part of 就…而言 appointment n.任命；约会

communicator n.传播者，传播工作者 to set...as objective 把…作为目标

to hang up 把…挂起来；挂断(电话)；延迟，拖延 lag vi.走得慢，落后 n.落后，滞后 freshman n.新手，生手；大学一年级学生 to look ahead to 向前看；展望未来

routine n.日常工作 a.日常的；例行的；常规的 deem vt.认为，相信

jet n.喷射；喷嘴；喷气式飞机，喷气发动机 inflexible a.不可弯曲的；不可改变的，固执的 flight n.飞行，飞翔；航班，班机；逃跑，溃退 physiological a.生理的，生理学的 kid vt./vi./n.戏弄，开玩笑；欺骗，哄骗 up to date 最新的，新式的；切合目前情况的 to allocate...for 分配给…；配给 regulatory a.规章的；调节的

assignment n.分配，委派；任务，(课外)作业 crash a.紧急的，速成的

to fall by the wayside 半途而废，中途退出 to work out 作出；制定出 to kid...into doing 欺骗…去做… temptation n.引诱，诱惑 faithfully ad.忠诚地；如实地 to throw off 扔掉；摆脱 adjust vt.调整，调节；校准 to stick with 坚持；继续 emergency n.紧急情况；突发事件 reset vt./n.重新安排，重调 sweat n.汗 vi.出汗 vt.使出汗 regulate vt./n.管理；调节 external a.外在的，在外的 discrepancy n.差异；不一致 internal a.内部的，内在的；国内的 periodicity n.周期性，间发性 excretion n.排泄；分泌 hormonal a.荷尔蒙的，激素的 palm n.手掌

instantaneously ad.瞬间地；即刻地 rhythm n.韵律，格律；节奏 transport vt.运输 n.运输

mechanism n.［机］机构，机制；作用过程timer n.计时员，定时器 destination n.目的地，终点 timing n.时间的选择；计时，定时 secretary n.秘书；书记；部长，大臣

cortisol n.［生］皮质(甾)醇

alarm n.警报；惊恐 vt.向…报警；打扰 suprachiasmatic a.超(染色体)交叉的 negotiation n.谈判，协商 bodily a.身体的，肉体的

proceeding n.程序，进程；项目，活动，会议文集 overcome vt.战胜；克服 Vichy 维希(法国中部城市)expectation n.期待；估计寿命 unlovable a.不可爱的；不讨人喜爱的 resistance to 对…的阻力 upwards ad.向上；趋向上升 Sweden 瑞典

to approximate to 与…接近wealthy a.富裕的；丰富的

infant n.婴儿，幼儿 a.婴儿的，幼儿的 lovable a.可爱的，讨人喜欢的 esteem vt./n.尊敬，尊重 Austria 奥地利

parenting n.父母对孩子的养育 Northern 北爱尔兰 revision n.修订，修改

to the fore 在前面，到前面；在显著地位 manageable a.易管理的 slippery a.滑的；圆滑的

lengthen vt.使延长 vi.变长，延伸 neglect vt.忽视，忽略；疏忽 n.忽略；疏忽 cope vi.对付，妥善处理(with)continued a.继续的，连续的 demographer n.人口学家

tone n.音调，音色；腔调，语气；声调，语调 Wales 威尔士

acknowledge vt.承认；表示感谢

paradox n.似非而可能是的论点；自相矛盾的话 classify vt.把…分类，把…分等级；把…列为 proportion n.比率，比例 vt.使成比例，使相称 to fall apart 四分五裂；崩溃 experiential a.经验的；凭经验的 resettlement n.重新定居，重新安置

appreciation n.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价；感激，感谢salient a.突出的，凸起的；显著的 birthrate n.出生率

liability n.责任，义务；债务，负债；不利条件 alter vt./vi.改变，改动 dependency n.从属；依赖(on)gathering n.聚集；集会 advantageous a.有利的，有助的 inactive a.不活动的；不活跃的 be true of 符合于…，对…适用 to date 到目前为止

fore ad.在前面 a.先前的；在前部的 n.前部 aged a.年老的，老的

elsewhere ad.在别处；向别处

northwestern a.在西北的，向西北的；来自西北的 approximate a.近似的，大约的 v.近似，接近；使接近demography n.人口统计学 to attend to 专心；注意；照顾 pharmacological a.药物学的，药理学的 as fresh as paint 精神饱满

John Foster Dulles 杜勒斯(美国国务卿)now that(连词)既然，由于

to leave...alone 不管，不理；听其自然 assumption n.假定，设想；承担，采取 to advantage 有利地，有效地 fluctuation n.波动，起伏

promote vt.促进，发扬；提升，升级；发起，创办 mid-afternoon a.下午三点左右的 feasible a.可行的，可能的 span n.指距，跨距；一段时间 neutral a.中立的；中性的

White House 白宫(美国总统官邸)，美国政府 in time 及时；终于

Guam 关岛(美国在西太平洋的重要海、空军基地)synchronize vi.同时发生，同步 vt.使同步 Washington D.C.华盛顿(市)［美国首都］ effect on 对…的作用 wakefulness n.觉醒，不眠 Aswan Dam 阿斯旺水坝 Johnson 约翰逊(美国第36任总统)fluctuate vi.波动，起伏；动摇 vt.使波动，使起伏 out of step 步伐不一致；不协调 to blame...on 把…归咎于 focal n.焦点的

contrary a.相反的，相对的，与…相反(to)illusion n.错觉；幻觉

illustration n.说明；例证，插图 infrequent a.很少发生的 inefficient a.无效的；效率低的 mislead vt.把…带错路，使…错或做错

distraction n.精神涣散，精神不集中；消遣，娱乐 retention n.保持；保留

finance n.财政，金融；经费，资金 distract vt.分散(注意，心思等)；使人分心 appreciate vt.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价，鉴别；感激 duration n.持续；持续时间 trick n.诡计；恶作剧

moderate a.中等的，适度的；温和的，有节制的 hinder vt.阻止；妨碍(from)exceptional a.例外的；异常的，特殊的 distractor n.分散注意力的东西 motivation n.动机；动力

remedy n.治疗；补救(法)vt.治疗，补救 adversely ad.相反地；不利地，有害地 typical a.典型的，代表性的 fade vi.凋谢，枯萎；(颜色)褪去vt.使褪色 productivity n.生产率；丰饶，多产 fearful a.可怕的，吓人的；害怕的，胆怯的 monopoly n.垄断；专卖 statistically ad.在统计方面

to break up 打碎；结束；驱散；散开；分解 foolproof a.连傻子都懂的；不会出毛病的 overturn vt./n.打翻；推翻，颠覆，毁灭 vi.翻身in the running 参赛，参加竞选 automatically ad.自动地；习惯性地 competitor n.竞争者；对手 temporarily ad.暂时地，临时地 monopolize v.垄断；专卖

transfer vt./vi.转移；改变 n.转移，传输，变换moderation n.温和，适度；缓和，减轻 to carry on 经营，进行；继续 to come into power 上台；开始掌权 majority n.多数，大半；多数党，多数派 opposition n.反对，反抗；对立，意见相反 dominant a.占优势的；支配的

peaceful a.平静的，安宁的；和平的，和平方式的running n.跑，赛跑；竞选 out of power 丧失权力 anaesthetics n.麻醉学

in favour of 赞成，支持；为…的利益，有利于 in power 掌权的，执政的

inevitable a.不可避免的，必然(发生)的 legislation n.立法；法律，法规 rivalry n.竞争；对抗

inevitably ad.不可避免地，必然地 impact on 对…之影响

James Carville 詹姆斯·卡维尔

congressman n.(［复］congressmen)(美)国会议员George McGovern 乔治·麦戈文 Ohio 俄亥俄州(美国州名)assault n.攻击，袭击；(军)冲击，突击，强击 Warren Harding 沃伦·哈定 George Bush 乔治·布什 collectively ad.总体地；集体地 nominate vt.提名；任命；命名 Jimmy Carter 吉米·卡特 Ross Perot 罗斯·佩罗 George Wallace 乔治·华莱士 parliamentary a.议会的，国会的 Clinton 比尔·克林顿(Bill Clinton)electorate n.全体选民；选区 Ronald Reagan 罗纳德·里根

Little Rock 小石城(美国阿肯色州首府)dominance n.优势，控制，统治

contest n.竞争，比赛；争夺，竞争；争论，争辩 John Anderson 约翰·安德森

District of Columbia(美)(D.C.)哥伦比亚特区

dozen n.一打，十二个；十来个，十几个 poll n.选举；民意测验 vt.得到选票 vi.投票 electoral a.选举的 to identify...as 把…看成

impact n.冲击，碰撞；影响 vt.装紧，压紧 decline vi.下降；衰退vt.拒绝 n.下降；衰落 provision n.供应，供应品；条款，规定；给养 rating n.等级，规格；(电视)收视率 voter n.选举人，投票人

constitutional a.宪法上规定的；组成的，构成的 representative n.代表，代表人 a.典型的，有代表性的presidency n.总统(或校长)职务(职权，任期)；管辖 headquarters n.司令部，指挥部；总部，总店 pursue vt.追赶；追求，寻求；进行，从事 congress n.国会，议会；参议院，上院 strategically ad.战略上地，颇具策略地 House n.［英］议院

stir vt.搅拌；激起 vi.走动；活动 n.惊动 strategy n.战略；策略

district n.区，行政区；地区，区域 strategist n.战略家 economy n.经济；节约 overwhelming a.压倒之势的

democrat n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员 representation n.描写，表现；代表，代理 to stand no chance 没有可能；没有希望

vote n.选举，投票；票，选票 vi.投票，选举 withdraw vt.收回，提取；撤退 vi.撤退；退缩 reinforcement n.增强，加固；强化 loyalty n.忠诚；忠心

to take advantage of 利用；占…便宜 crisis n.危机；决定性时刻

tangible a.可触摸的，可感知的；确实的，真实的 fold vt./vi.折叠；对折 n.褶(痕)republican a.共和国的；共和党的 n.共和党党员 outcome n.结果，结局；出路，出口 to cope with 对付；处理 election n.选举；选举权

no other...than 除…外没有，只有；正是，就是 worthless a.无价值的，无用的；不足道的，不可取的appropriate a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的 to act out 将…表演出来；(用行动)表示出来 inconsiderate a.不替别人考虑的；不体谅人的 nomination n.提名；任命

attribute n.属性，特征；vt.把…归因与(to)presidential a.总统(校长)的；总统(校长)职务的 democratic a.民主的，民主主义的 nominee n.被提名者；被任命者 ultimately ad.最后，最终地 certainty n.一定；必定

winner n.获胜者，优胜者；成功者 misleading a.引入歧途的；使人误解的

dose n.(一次)剂量

thalidomide n.［药］萨立多胺 cell n.细胞；小房间，单人牢房

replace vt.把…放回(原处)；更换，以…替代 tube n.管；电子管，真空管；［英］地铁 suitable a.合适的；适当的

irresponsible a.无责任感的，不负责任的 vaccine n.牛痘苗；疫苗 a.牛痘的；疫苗的 replacement n.复位，复职；替换，代替 eventual a.最后的，结局的

irrelevant a.不相干的，离题的，与…不相干 developmental a.发展的，开发的；促使成长的 partly ad.部分地；在一定程度上 rabbit n.兔

biomedical a.生物医学的 refinement n.精炼，精制

unethical a.不合伦理的；不合道德的

disorder n.混乱；失调，紊乱 vt.使混乱；使失调simulate vt.假装，冒充；模仿，模拟 ethics n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准 toxicity n.毒性

polio n.［医］脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症 undergo vt.经历，经受；忍受 diabetes n.糖尿病

reproduce vt.繁殖；再生产；复制；再现，重现be central to 对…极为重要的

to do experiment on 用…做实验 to aim for 瞄准；以…为目标 David Morton 大卫·莫顿(人名)to sacrifice to 向…献祭；为…而牺牲；为…而失去 to test on 对…进行试验

Colin Blackmore 科林·布莱克默(人名)Birmingham 伯明翰(英格兰中部城市)be irrelevant to 与…不相干；不切题 humanity n.个性，博爱，仁慈；人类

negative a.否定的；负的，阴性的 n.底片；负数 refine vt./vi.提纯，精制；使改进，变优雅 literal a.精确的，如实的；逐字的，字面的 going n.进行状况 a.进行中的；现行的 regeneration n.新生，再生，复兴

remark vt./vi.说，评论，议论 n.评论，看法 delightful a.令人高兴的；讨人喜欢的 pet n.宠物，爱畜 a.宠爱的，表示亲昵的 to do research into 进行…的研究

paralyse vt.使麻痹，使瘫痪；使无力，使气馁 regrow vt.再生长，重新生长

coming a.正在到来的，即将来到的 n.来到，到达 litter n.干草；杂乱无章；一窝(仔畜)vt.铺草 touching a.动人的，使人感伤的 prevail vi.胜过；流行，盛行

unreasonable a.不讲道理的；不合情理的，过度的 individualistic a.个人主义(者)的

contemplate vt.注视，凝视；沉思 afflict vt.使苦恼，折磨

starve vi.饿死；挨饿；极需，渴望 vt.使挨饿 grant vt.同意；准予 n.同意，授予；拨款

imperative a.绝对必要的；命令的，强制的；祈使的 sustain vt.支撑，承受住；供养，维持

stricken a.被打中的，被击伤的；受灾的，受侵袭的 to bring out 使显现，显示；生产，使产生 to take...for granted 认为真实；视为当然 to attach...to 使…与…相关，把…附加到 deficiency n.缺乏，不足

relief n.(痛苦，压迫等)减轻，宽慰；救济 deprive vt.夺去，剥夺；使失去(of)ownership n.拥有；所有权，所有制 plea n.请求，恳求；托词 contented a.满足的，满意的 donation n.捐献；赠送

goings and comings 来往；活动，发生的事 kwashiorkor n.［医］恶性营养不良症 serene a.安详的；宁静的 starvation n.饥饿；饿死 devotion n.献身，忠诚

to break in on(upon)打扰；打断，闯进 spur vt.激励，鞭策 n.踢马刺；刺激，激励，鼓舞 confront vt.面对，遭遇；正视，对抗 at ease 自在的，舒适的

sensitivity n.敏感性；灵敏度 maladjustment n.失调；不适应环境 waylay vt.伏击；拦住…问讯

intellectual n.知识分子 a.智力的，理智的 inner a.内部的，里面的；思想的 n.内部；里面 compensatory a.赔偿的，补偿的 not(never)for a moment 通常；多半 not that...并不是说

initial a.最初的，开始的；词首的 n.首字母 to seize hold of 抓住；占有 daydream vi./n.白日做梦

habitual a.习惯性的，习以为常的；惯常的 inventor n.发明者，创造者

detail n.细节，详情 vt.详述，详细说明 to feel bitter at 对…怀恨 to plea for 恳求；请求 muse vt./vi./n.沉思，冥想 enhance vt.提高；增强

equilibrium n.平衡，均衡，相称；均势；平静 symptom n.症状，征兆 painter n.漆工；画家

to substitute...for 用…代替… to put off 延期；消除

trace n.痕迹，踪迹；微量，少许 vt.跟踪，查找 well-being n.健康；福利，幸福 dreamlike a.梦一般的，梦幻的

to let go of 放手；放开

effortless a.不作努力的；不费力的，容易的 excitement n.刺激；兴奋

investment n.投资；(时间，精力的)投入 modest a.谦虚的，谦恭的；适中的，不过分的 vividly ad.鲜明地；生动地

midst n.中间，当中 prep.(=amidst)在…当中 creativity n.创造性 thinker n.思想家；思考者 in reality 实际上，事实上 to excess 过分，过度，过量 impoverished a.贫困的，赤贫的 undisturbed a.不受干扰的；宁静的 steadily ad.稳固地；稳定地

tune n.曲调；和谐，协调 vt.调音；使合谐，调节 reflection n.反射，反映，映像；深思，考虑 be contrary to 与…相反

character n.性格，品质；特性；人物；符号，(汉)字surrounding n.周围的事物；环境 a.周围的 drift n.漂流；趋势，倾向 vi./vt.(使)漂流；漂泊 be unaware of 不知道…，没觉察到… Seine 塞纳河(法国北部河流，流经巴黎)be free from 没有…的；不受…的 to dream of 梦见；梦想 Florence Nightingale 南丁格尔

Johannes Brahms 勃拉姆斯(33-97年，德国作曲家)

Joan Freyberg 琼·弗雷伯格(人名)Isaac Newton 牛顿(英国物理学家，数学家和天文学家)Conrad Hilton 希尔顿(美国旅馆业巨头)Jerome Singer 杰罗姆·辛格(人名)Cesar Frank 弗兰克(法国比利时作曲家)to draw on 用做来源，依靠；临近

perchance ad.［古］偶然，意外地；可能，或许 at sea 在海上，在航海中；迷惑，茫然 Harry S.Truman 杜鲁门(美国第33任总统)in one's mind's eye 在脑海里 be confronted with 面临，面对

to add up to 总和是；［口］总起来意味着 to impress...on 使…铭记，牢记 Henry Kaiser 凯泽(美国实业家)be beneficial to 对…有益 to go over 越过，渡过；仔细检查 to put aside 放在一边，撇开储存 to gaze at 凝视，注视

Harry Emerson Fosdick 福斯迪克 dreamer n.做梦的人；空想家 unhappy n.不快乐的，愁苦的；不幸的 acronym n.首字母缩略词

veteran n.老兵，老手；退伍军人 a.经验丰富的 miserable a.悲惨的；可怜的 sleepy a.困倦的，嗜睡的

definitive a.决定的，确定的；限定的，明确的

psychology n.心理学；心理

evolve vt.使发展，推论 vi.进展；进化 eyeball n.眼球

respectively ad.各自地，分别地 surprisingly ad.惊人地；出乎意料地 correlation n.相互关系，关联 plus prep.加，加上 a.正的；附加的 elude vt.(巧妙地)逃避，躲避

administration n.管理，经营；行政，行政机关volunteer n.志愿者；志愿兵 a.志愿的 vi.志愿primarily ad.首先，起初；首要地，主要地 physiology n.生理学

identity n.同一，一致；身份，本体 differ vi.不同，相异(from)；与…意见不同 link n.环节，联系 vt.用环连接；联系 merry a.欢乐的，愉快的

far-fetched a.牵强的；未必会的，靠不住的 namely ad.即，也就是

Thomas Roth 托马斯·罗斯(人名)compel vt.强迫(to)influence on 对…的影响 compulsion n.强制，强迫

Cincinnati 辛辛那提(美国俄亥俄州西南部城市)Milton Kramer 弥尔顿·克莱默(人名)division n.分开，分割；除(法)；部门，科，处formerly ad.以前，从前

boring a.令人厌烦的

location n.定位，测位；位置，场所 cobbler n.补鞋匠

reinforce vt.增援，支援；加强，增加 to break into 分成(部分)antithesis n.对偶，(修辞学)对句；对立，对立面 voluntary a.自愿的，志愿的；自发的 eliminate vt.排除，消灭 coincide vi.一致，相符(with)laborer n.劳动者；工人

clerk n.办事员，公务员；(美)店员

undertake vt.着手做，进行；承担，从事，答应 enjoyable a.愉快的；快乐的；有趣的 rightly ad.公正地，正当地；合适地，恰当地 coronary a.冠的；冠状的 n.冠状动脉 efficiently ad.效率高地；有能力地

manual a.手的，用手(操作)的；体力的 n.手册 infinitely ad.无限地，无穷地 at a guess 凭猜测

to coincide with 相符，一致 tighten vt./vi.(使)变紧；拧紧

gamble vi./vt.赌博；打赌；投机 n.赌博；冒险 attitude toward(s)对…的态度；意见 in the strict sense 在严格的意义上 ritualize vt./vi.(行为模式)仪式化 warfare n.战争，作战，交战；斗争，竞争

of...importance 有…重要性

to get/sink one's teeth into 死死咬住；认真对待，全神贯注于 amusement n.娱乐，消遣

Hannah Arendt 汉纳·阿伦特(人名)unchanging a.不变的

aptly ad.恰当地，贴切地；灵巧地

to go in for 参加，从事；以…为兴趣，爱好 of...interest 有…兴趣 so far as...knows 就某人所知 grouse n.松鸡

aristocracy n.贵族统治；贵族 phrase n.短语，词语；习惯用语 workman n.工人，劳动者

aristocratic a.贵族的；贵族式的 duel n./vi.决斗；(双方的)斗争 of...value 有…价值 curtail vt.截短，缩短；削减 cargo n.船货，货物

clipboard n.带弹簧夹子的书写板 disapproval n.不赞成；不许可

series n.一系列，连续；丛书，套；［电］串联 vain a.徒劳的

subtle a.精巧的，精妙的；微妙的，难以捉摸的 competition n.竞争；比赛

studied a.深思熟虑的；故意的，蓄意的 longshoreman n.码头装卸工人

varied a.各种各样的；杂色的，斑斓的 coin n.硬币，钱币 vt.创造(新词)toss vt.抛，掷；使动荡 vi.摇摆，颠簸 cadre n.干部；基础结构 excessive a.过多的，过分的

subtly ad.精巧地，精妙地；微妙地，难以捉摸地 outrage n.暴行；愤慨 vt.对…施暴；激怒 vengeance n.报仇，报复

slack a.懒散的；行动迟缓的vi.松懈 n.淡季 white-collar a.白领阶层的，从事脑力劳动的 discredit vt.使不可置信 n.丧失信义；不信，怀疑 stopwatch n.(赛跑用的)跑表 vt.用秒表测定时间 hell n.地狱，阴间；用以咒骂或表示愤怒，不满 assembly n.集合；集会，与会者；装配，组装

encounter vt./vi.遭遇，遇到n.遭遇，冲突；偶然相见to toss a coin 掷硬币；(与某人)掷硬币以作决定 to go to hell 见鬼去(骂人用法)on and off 不时；断断续续地，间歇地 to cut down on 赶上；振作；遵守；继续，保持 at present 现在；目前 to sit down on 反对 to keep up 假如；只要

with a vengeance 猛烈地；过度地 to apply oneself 减少对…之消耗量 to have an edge 应付过去 to do one's best 尽全力；尽量

to take...easy 轻松一点；勿太紧张

to play into sb.'s hands 为某人谋方便；有利于某人 to do with 处理；忍受

in large measure 很；大半；大部分 so long as 具有优势

to put an end to 结束或废除某事务 in return 作为回报

to rob sb.of sth.抢某人之财物 on occasion 有时，间或

to expect sth.of sb.对某人报有某种期望 to do without 没有…也行；将就，设法 response n.作答，回答；响应，反应 in vain 无效地；无结果地；徒然

year in and year out 一年一年地，年复一年 recorder n.记录者；录音机 How come...? 怎么会…? to take a free ride 免费搭车

convince vt.使确认，使信服；使认识错误 in series 串联电路的；成串联的 allege vt.断言，宣称

Frederick W.Taylor 弗雷德里克·泰勒 with a view towards(/to)以…为目的 microcassette n.微型卡式录音带

hysterical a.癔病的，歇斯底里的；患癔病的 capture vt.捕获；夺得，占领 n.捕获，捕获物 activate vt.使活动，使起作用

shocking n.令人震惊的，骇人听闻的 threatening a.威胁(性)的，凶兆的 prosecutor n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人 belonging n.［常pl.］所有物；行李 grab vt./n.攫取；抓取 vi.攫取；抓住(at)persistently ad.坚持地；固执地

beloved a.为…所爱的；亲爱的 n.心爱的人，爱人 jaw n.颔，颚

device n.装置，器械；方法，手段 compassion n.同情；怜悯(for)attacker n.攻击者

excerpt n.摘录，节录 vt.摘，引用

miniature n.缩样，小型物 a.微型的，小型的 profound a.深刻的，浑奥的

avail vt./vi.有利，有助 n.好处，用处 on one's head 归罪于某人，(责任)落到某人身上 materialism n.［哲］唯物主义，唯物论；物质至上to convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 New Jersey 新泽西州(美国州名)to comment on 对…评论

smother vt./vi.使窒息；抑制；闷死 n.浓烟；窒息to/of no avail 完全无用，毫无效果 Camry 汽车牌名

resonance n.回声，反响；共振，共鸣 Michael LaSane 麦克尔·拉森(人名)foster vt.鼓励，促进；养育 a.收养的

Kathleen Weinstein 凯思琳·温斯坦(人名)persuasion n.说服，劝服

Toms River High School South 市南汤姆斯河中学 Toyota(日)丰田汽车公司

suspect vt./vi.疑有；推测 n.嫌疑犯，可疑分子 hiker n.徙步旅行者 heartbreaking a.使人心碎的 juvenile a.青少年的 n.青少年 merchant n.商人 county n.(英国)郡；县

p.a.system(=public address)system有线广播系统solicit vt.请求；恳求 wrath n.愤怒，愤慨

incapable a.无能力的；不能的(of)repressive a.镇压的；抑制的 poet n.诗人

blindness n.无视，视而不见；盲目性 restriction n.限制；约束 Middletown 米道镇(镇名)chess n.国际象棋 Ocean County 县名

subversive a.颠覆性的；起破坏作用的 pledge v.发誓；保证 n.誓言，誓约；抵押品 Danie Carluccio 丹尼尔·卡鲁齐奥(人名)Manitou Park 曼尼托公园

flee vi./vt.(fled,fled)逃离；逃避

actor n.男演员

apartheid n.种族隔离，种族隔离法 divisive a.造成不和的，制造分裂的 singer n.歌唱家，歌手

truthfully ad.说真话的，如实地 barrier n.障碍；障碍物

queue n.辫子；列队 vi.排队(for)sportsman n.爱好运动的人；运动员 Thorne Middle School 桑恩中学 ban vt.禁止，取缔 n.禁止；禁令 illegal a.非法的；违规的

Steve Makone 史蒂夫·马孔(南非足球运动员)to commit suicide 自杀 legislate vi.立法 vt.通过立法 to deny sth.to sb.否认…的…

Precious Mackenzie 普莱舍斯·麦肯齐(南非举重运动员)be incapable of 不会…，不能…

Lionel Ngakane 莱昂内尔·恩卡纳(南非演员)extent n.广度，范围；程度

eruption n.(火山)喷发；(战争，感情等)爆发，迸发 Alex la Guma 亚力克斯·拉顾玛(南非作家)separation n.分开，分类；分隔

Miriam Makeba 末丽亚姆·马齐巴(南非演员)rejection n.拒绝，抵制；驳回 indication n.指示，表示；象征，迹象 suicide vt./vi./n.自杀

Basil D'Oliviera 贝兹尔·戴里维尔拉(南非板球运动员)pervasive a.弥漫的，渗透的；遍布的

Alfrde Hutchinson 阿尔弗雷德·哈奇逊(南非作家)cease vt./vi./n.停止，结束 La Traviata 茶花女(威尔第的歌剧名)be subversive of 破坏…的

sterility n.不生育，不结果，贫瘠；消毒，无菌 Giuseppe Verdi 威尔弟(意大利作曲家，作歌剧30余部)to cut off 切去，割掉；切断，使孤立

inflict vt.使遭受(损伤，苦痛等)，使承受(on,upon)persist vi.坚持，固执(in)；持续，存留 ultimate a.最后的，最终的

computerize vt.电子计算机化，用电子计算机计算 foolishness n.愚蠢；可笑

marvel(l)ous a.奇异的，惊人的；［口］了不起的，妙极的sensible a.感觉得到的；明智的，明白事理的 unexamined a.未检查的；未审查的 Andre Brink 安德烈·布林克(南非作家)theoretical a.理论上的

vital a.生命的；有生命力的；极其重要的 Bloke Modisane 布娄克·莫狄森(南非作家)texture n.组织，质地；织品，织物 evaluate vt.估价，评价 solely ad.单独地；唯一地 profusion n.丰富，大量；过分 digression n.离题；偏离

logic n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性，条理性；理由，道理 obscure a.昏暗的；模糊的 vt.使暗，遮掩；使难理解 content a.满足的，满意的 vt.使满意 n.满足，满意 leap v./n.(leapt或leaped)跳跃；飞跃 functional a.功能的；职务上的；实用的 raw a.未煮过的，生的；未加工的 undue a.过度的，过分的

extension n.伸张，伸展，扩大；电话分机 Nat Nakasa 纳特·纳卡萨(南非作家)proof n.证据，证明；校样

junction n.连接，结合；结合点，交叉点 correction n.改正，纠正；责备，惩罚 to mistake...for 错把…当做…

dynamo n.［电］发电机；精力，精力充沛的人 to reflect on 仔细考虑，反思 error n.谬误；错误

safeguard vt.保护，捍卫 n.保护措施 loose a.松的，宽的；宽松；放荡的 to end in 以…告终

concrete a.具体的；混凝土的 n.混凝土 vt.使凝固 prolong vt.延长；拉长 to come about 发生

conquer vt.征服，战胜 vi.得胜，胜利 nourishment n.滋补品，营养品 technician n.技术员；技术专家

to come to terms(with)达成协议；妥协，习惯于

to distinguish between 分辨，区分 to pull down 拆除；推翻 specialist n.专家

universal a.宇宙的，全世界的；普遍的，通用的 sterile a.不育的，贫瘠的；无菌的，消过毒的 technologist n.工艺学家；技术学家 uniqueness n.独一无二；独特 possess vt.具有，拥有

jounalism n.新闻业；［总称］报刊；新闻学 secondary a.第二位的，次要的；中等的

enrol(l)ment n.登记，接收，招生；招收人数，入学人数expansion n.扩张；膨胀

Ferris Greenlet 费里斯·格林里特(人名)to turn loose 放开，释放；听凭，放纵 to speculate on 思索；推测，猜测 Alfred Whitehead 阿尔福雷德·怀特里德 upheaval n.胀起，(地壳)的隆起；剧变，** infrastructure n.基础；基础结构 establishment n.建立，创办；机构

diploma n.执照，特许证；毕业文凭，学位证书 respect for 对…的尊敬 Aristotle 亚里士多德 sociology n.社会学 Francis Bacon 培根 kindergarten n.幼儿园 promotion n.促进；提升

to enable...to 使…能够…

accountability n.有解释义务；负有责任 bus(s)ing n.公共汽车接送；［美］用校车接送学生 postgraduate a.大学毕业后的，大学研究院的 n.研究生 to make over(财产)转让，移交；改造，重做 scarce a.缺乏的，不足的；稀有的，珍贵的 award vt.授予，判给 n.判定；奖，奖品 prescribe vt.指示，规定；开处方，开药 permissive a.容许的，许可的；随意的，开放的 integrate vt./vi.使结合，使并入；使成一体 on the contrary 相反地

perspective n.透视，透视画法；远景，展望；观点，看法schoolhouse n.(小学或乡村学校)校舍 to go to law against ［俗］控告某人 to shy away from 躲开，回避；赞成 infiltrate vt./vi.渗入，透过；浸润 chip n.片屑；薄片；电子集成电路片，芯片 diversity n.多样性

humanistic a.人文主义的，人本主义的，人道主义的 tier n.排层；等级 route n.路线；航线

to disagree about 对…意见不一

economics n.［用作单或复］经济学；经济情况，经济 rote n.死记硬背；机械的方法

progressive a.进步的，先进的；渐次的，累进的 to go along with 和…一起

demand for 对…的要求 as for 对于，至于

undergraduate n.(尚未取得学位的)大学生 a.大学生的 unconventional a.非常规的，不落俗套的 to learn by rote 由熟记而学某事

第五篇：2006年4月自考英语二试题及答案

2006年4月自考英语

（二）试卷及答案！

06年4月自考英语

（二）试卷

2006年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语

（二）试卷 PART ONE(50 POINTS)I．Vocabulary and Structure(10 points, 1point each)1.It would be better to make a decision now, ______ leave it until next week.A.other than B.rather than C.less than D.more than 2.We’ll inform you as soon as tickets become ______.A.valuable B.capable C.acceptable D.available 3.The foreign company has been______ running this factory for decades.A.enormously B.effectively C.infinitely D.extremely 4.If you ______ my advice, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.A.took B.takes C.has taken D.had taken 5.The meeting ______, we left the room quickly for dinner.A.over B.was over C.is over D.been over 6.All the money ______, Frederick started looking for work.A.having spent B.has been spent C.having been spent D.had been spent 7.______ his talk when Mary ran out of the lecture hall.A.Hardly had be begun B.Hardly he had begun C.Hardly he has begun D.He hardly had begun 8.The two sisters are _____ in many ways, not only in appearance but also in temperament.A.like B.likely C.alike D.lively 9.The purpose of the program is to provide training for employees so that they can work ______.A.late B.later C.lately D.latest 10.I hope my boy friend will be handsome, strong and ______ kind.A.above all B.in all C.at all D.after all II.Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point each)However careful one may be, he cannot possibly listen carefully to everything that he hears.There are 11 of reasons for this.One of them is the overload of messages most of us 12 each day.In addition to the numerous hours we 13 hearing other people speak, we may spend several hours listening to the radio or sitting in front of a television set.14, it is impossible to focus our attention completely on what is said;our mind might be 15 elsewhere.Preoccupation with our personal concerns is 16 reason we don’t always listen carefully.A romance 17 sour or a good grade on a test may take prominence in our mind even as 18 is speaking to us.Furthermore, we are surrounded by all kinds of noises which interfere 19 listening.For example, voices at a party or 20 of traffic may simply make it difficult for us to catch everything that is being said.11.A.the number B.a number C.number D.numbers 12.A.accept B.obtain C.receive D.possess 13.A.put B.consume C.spend D.spare 14.A.Besides B.Whereas C.Otherwise D.Nevertheless 15.A.wondering B.swinging C.recycling D.wandering 16.A.other B.some C.the other D.another 17.A.gone B.going C.goes D.went 18.A.anyone B.everyone C.someone D.few 19.A.to B.with C.of D.about 20.A.sound B.noise C.voice D.scream III.Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points each)Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Many of today’s most trusted sales techniques were invented over a century ago by a young merchant named Eaton in Toronto.When he was young, Eaton worked briefly with his brothers in small-town stores.In 1869, he sep up his own shop in downtown Toronto.He had many competitors, but he was also ambitious and had a plan for success.He offered a unique style of trade, but as was expected, all the other shopkeepers laughed at him, believing he would eventually fail.However, Eaton was not a man to be easily defeated;he came up with a brand new notion of business – ―Goods satisfactory, or money refunded.‖ He sold all his goods at fixed prices and only for cash.With a sharp sense of what the public wanted, he went out of the way to meet their needs.His business grew rapidly.He set up new branches and started mail order service that allowed people to buy from a list of his goods.Eaton’s list—advertisements of his day—was the first of its kind.It was distributed and read all over the country.It was the only way to access good-quality goods at reasonable prices for people living far away from big cites.It became part of their life.They even called it The Wishing Book.The secret of the list’s success was that Eaton gained the respect of this customers;they trusted him for good prices and quality goods.Probably because he remembered his miserable early days in Ireland, Eaton thought much of the welfare of his employees: better working conditions, shorter weekday hours than his competitors and Saturday afternoons off in the summer.In all this, he was a leader.21.The best description of Eaton is that ______.A.he was the richest merchant in Toronto B.he was a successful technical inventor C.he introduced new sales practices D.he changed people’s ideas about businessmen 22.Eaton’s success lay primarily in that ____.A.he sold only good quality goods B.he was the first person to provide good service C.he treated his employees better than any of his competitors D.he won respect from his customers 23.From the passage we can infer that ______.A.Eaton invented the idea of the internet shopping B.Eaton drove other businessmen to failure C.Eaton never sold his goods on credit D.Eaton was defeated by his rivals 24.The best title for this passage is _____.A.Good Goods, of Money Refunded B.Eaton, a Sales Inventor C.Customers’ Respect, a Secret of Success D.Eaton’s list, a Welcome Event in Sales History

25.Eaton’s List was important to people on farms because it was a convenient way of getting _____.A.good-quality goods at reasonable prices B.goods at unreasonable prices C.good-quality goods at unreasonable prices D.poor-quality goods at reasonable prices Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The threat of a global outbreak(疾病大爆发)of bird flu makes it urgent for the international community to cooperate effectively.Wealthy countries will have to provide hundreds of millions of dollars for the testing and production of medicines necessary for treating patients suffering from bird flu.Developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia, where the bird flu virus(病毒)has spread since 1997, must work out special programs so that farmers will not hide sighs of possible outbreaks.In addition, the way such farm birds as chickens and ducks are traditionally raised and marketed in the developing world should be changed;there should be more distance between the birds and their keepers.Countries should deal with the disease with joint effort.If one country is inadequately prepared, it will be a threat to every other country.The potential effects of a national outbreak of bird flu are enormous.Firstly, an outbreak may kill large numbers of people.World Health Organization(WHO)estimates that an outbreak similar to the mild Hong Kong flu of 1968 could kill as many as 7.4 millions people.If it were as dangerous as the 1918 Spanish flu, which killed 50 million, the number would be much higher.Secondly, such an outbreak may cause great financial damage.The latest outbreak of bird flu, which began in December 2003, has cost Southeast Asia more than $10 billion and depressed its GDP by 1.5 percent.If a new outbreak of bird flu were to last for a whole year, $800 billion would be lost.Despite the 124 human cases and 63 deaths from bird flu since December 2003, the virus remains mainly a disease animals.However, the more animals that die of the disease, the more chances it has of spreading to people.Large numbers of dead or dying birds mean that more people will be exposed to the virus and change into a virus with new characteristics.If the international community works together efficiently, man can surely prevent such a virus and possibly save millions of lives.26.Faced with the threat of a global outbreak of bird flu, the international community should ________.A.establish new markets B.work together effectively C.stop birds from flying to other countries D.raise fewer chickens and ducks 27.The second paragraph focuses on ______.A.World Health Organization B.flus in Hong Kong and Spain C.the economy of Southeast Asia D.possible effects of a bird flu outbreak 28.The number of people who have died of bird flu since 2003 is _______.A.63 B.124 C.7.4 million D.50 million 29.In the third paragraph, the author is mainly interested in _____.A.stimulating financial growth B.reducing economic damages C.saving human lives D.protecting bird species 30.The passage deals with all the following aspects bird flu EXCEPT _______.A.the origin and history of bird flu B.the importance of international cooperation C.the possible dangers of a national outbreak D.the significance of preventing it from spreading Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The long summer holidays are finally over and some parents are pleased.―We worry more about their safety in the holidays,‖ explains one mother from North London.If teenagers are not wandering around on public transport in a big and potentially dangerous city, they are chatting to strangers in an internet chat room!Well, that’s an extreme picture of the UK today, but many parents are worried about how much freedom they can give their children during the holidays and at weekends.Weekends are not the only time to worry!Newspaper are full of stories about too many school kids going to school by car because their parents do not want them to travel alone on a bus or train.This summer there were more frightening stories of teenagers disappearing with questionable friends that they met on the net.All the Media stories help increase parents fears, but is the UK really so dangerous? Many young people feel that life for their parents was easier.In the 1960s young people played in the streets more and traveled around town without their parents.―At least our parents can keep tabs on us,‖ says 16-year-old Julia.―So many people have mobile phones now and their parents ring to find out where they are.I use my mobile to get Dad to come to the station when I arrive late.‖ Mobiles are not just expensive toys;they help keep young people safe.Most significantly, they help keep young people safe.Most significantly, they make parents feel better.Only one problem is, though, that some young people have been attacked by thieves who want to steal their mobile phones.Young people like going out with friends, but they now need to learn how to get home safely.Five million young people in the UK between the ages of 9 to 16 use chat rooms to make friends, but they, too, need to be careful and never give their personal details to a stranger.Young people today have more opportunities to meet new people and go out at night more than their parents ever did.Now school, television programs and newspapers must help teenagers to enjoy their freedom and to be responsible for their own safety.31.Some parents are upset about the summer holidays mainly because their children ______.A.wander around on bus in the city B.chat to strangers in Internet chat rooms C.make questionable friends on the net D.are taken little care of by teachers 32.For the sake of the safety, many parents send their kids to school ________.A.by car B.by bus C.by train D.by public transport 33.Most significantly, mobile phones _______.A.enable parents keep a close watch on their kids B.help keep teenagers safe C.make parents feel less worried D.protect teenagers from being attacked 34.Teenagers should never give any strangers ______.A.their mobile phone numbers B.their family address C.their personal information D.their parents’ names 35.This passage is mainly about ________.A.freedom for teenagers in summer holidays B.safety for teenagers in summer holidays C.activities for teenagers in summer holidays D.troubles for teenagers in summer holidays PART TWO(50 POINTS)IV.Word Spelling(10 points, 1 point for two items)将下列汉语单词译成英语。每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。36.获胜者，优胜者 n.w_ _ _ _ _ 37.（使）枯萎，凋谢 v.w_ _ _ _ _ 38.垂直的，竖的 a.v_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39.易变的，变量的 a.v_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40.唯一的，独特的 a.u_ _ _ _ _ 41.地下的，隐蔽的 a.u_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42.真实的，如实地 ad.t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43.星期二 n.T_ _ _ _ _ _ 44.传统，惯例 n.t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45.同情，同情心 n.s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46.投降，让步 vi.s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47.足够的，充分的 a.s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48.亲属，亲戚 n.r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49.抵抗，反抗 n.r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50.有目的的，蓄意的 a.p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51.财产；性质 n.p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52.俯望，漏看 vt.o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53.发源，源自 vi.o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54.音乐的，悦耳的 a.m_ _ _ _ _ _ 55.意图，打算 n.i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

V.Word Form(10 points, 1 point each)将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。56．He _________(write)her 10 letters since he met her last years.57.I think it necessary for him ________(finish)the work in time.58.The house is ______(complete)before his brother’s wedding ceremony.59.You had better ________(bring)enough money with you.60.The _______(good)he feels, the more work he will do.61.If I hadn’t listened to you, I would _______(make)such a silly mistake.62.The three players repeatedly denied ________(take)any drug.63.People who are entitled to ________(vote)should be over eighteen.64.The government has taken measures to reduce the total energy ______(consume).65.If she ______(catch)the 10 O’clock train, she can get there by lunch time.VI.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points each)将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。66.男人的平均身高比女人高几英寸。67.你所说的与我们正在讨论的豪不相干。68． 教育应该使每个学生德、智、体全面发展。69．这本书对读者产生了很大影响。70．这次考试比我们预想的要难得多。

VII.Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。

There is a clear distinction between one who is supposed to know and another, usually a younger person who is supposed not to know.However, teaching is not necessarily the area of a special group of people, nor should it be looked upon as a technical skill.Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a blank mind.If you have a certain skill, you should be able to share it with others.You do not have to get a certificate to convey what you know to them or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves.All of us, from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our society, should come to realize our own talent and abilities as teachers.We can share what we know, however little it might be, with others who have need of that knowledge or skill.2006年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语

（二）试题答案及评分参考

I.Vocabulary and Structure(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A II.Cloze Test(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)11.B 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.B III.Reading Comprehension(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)21.C 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.A 31.D 32.A 33.C 34.C 35.B

IV.Word Spelling(本大题共20小题，每两小题1分，共10分)36.winner 37.wither 38.vertical 39.variable 40.unique 41.underground 42.truthfully 43.Tuesday 44.tradition 45.sympathy 46.surrender 47.sufficient 48.relative 49.resistance 50.purposeful 51.property 52.overlook 53.originate 54.musical 55.intention [评分参考] 多写、少写或错写一个或一个以上的字母均为错

V.Word From(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)56.has written 57.to finish 58.to be completed 59.bring 60.better 61.have made 62.taking 63.vote 64.consumption 65.catches [评分参考] 语法错误或拼写错误均不给分。

VI.Translation from Chinese into English(本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分)66.On the average, men are higher than women by several inches/several inches higher than women.67.What you said has nothing to do/has no relevance with what we are discussing.68.Education should enable every student to develop morally, intellectually and physically.69.The book has made a great impact/had a great effect/influence on its readers.70.The test was much more difficult than we had expected.[评分参考]（1）主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误）或影响基本句意的重要用词错误扣1分。

（2）非基本语法错误（如介词、代词、冠词、大写、标点等错误）以及不影响基本句意的用词错误每两处扣1分。

（3）拼写错误每两处扣1分。拼写错误本大题总扣分不超过3分。（4）如所用句型与答案不一致，只要语言和意义正确，均应给分。

VII.Translation from English into Chinese(本大题共15分)一般认为，有知识的人与没有知识的人――他们通常是较年轻的人――之间的区别非常明显。然而，教学不一定是某个特殊群体的领域，也不应该被看作是一项专业技能。教学不止是将信息硬塞进空白的头脑，而更应是指导和帮助。只要你有某种特定的技能，你就应当能与他人分享。你没必要持有证书才能把你的知识传授给他人，或为他们的自学提供帮助。我们社会中每一个成员，从蹒跚学步的孩童到耄耋之年的老者，都应当意识到自己作为教师的才能。尽管我们可能知之甚少，但仍应能与那些需要我们的人来分享我们的知识和技能。〔评分参考〕

短文英译汉的评分标准按译文质量分为15-13分、12-10分、9-7分、6-4分和3-1分五个档次。各档次标准如下：

（1）15-13分。全文翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺。

（2）12-10分。全文主要内容翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺，但有少数语句翻译错误。（3）9-7分。全文不少于一半的内容基本正确，汉语表达尚通顺，有一些语句翻译错误。（4）6-4分。少部分内容翻译基本正确，有较多的语句翻译错误。（5）3-1分。仅译对个别句子。

（6）全文译错或泽出零星单词或全文不译，不给分。（7）缺译的语句按完全译错处理。

根据以上评分档次描述，评分可在相应的档次内上下浮动。