第一篇:浅议主题连贯性大学英语口语教材框架的构建
浅议主题连贯性大学英语口语教材框架的构建
摘要:笔者先介绍了尝试构建大学英语口语教材的背景,接着谈及大学英语口语的教学目标,随后以教学目标为导向,试图以意义相对具有连贯性的主题为线索,串连起教材中各个教学单元。同时设想选用经典内容和时事内容为教学文本,配以实用性口语练习和延展活动,以此搭建既能让学生具备多元文化视野,又能让学生进行贴近生活的、有内容有意义的语言输出的教材框架。
关键词:大学口语教材主题连贯多元文化语言输出
中图分类号:H319 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-1578(2017)05-0013-02
背景介绍
目前非英语专业大学英语口语教材有些是合并在综合教材中体现,有些是单独存在,大多是这样的框架结构:一本教材含有若干单元,每个单元围绕一个主题展开,如体育、网络等。每个单元先展示几张图片,配以几行介绍或几个提问让学生作为口语输出的热身,接着提供阅读文本、词汇库、句式等,配以对话等操练,最后是调查报告等延展性活动。这样的教材有些共性问题,即每个单元之间相对独立,缺乏内在的连贯性,单元顺序即使打乱也影响不大。教材提供的范文文本有些并不能迎合学生的趣味或跟上时代潮流。教材提供的词汇句式训练有些并不能十分有效地有助于学生用于真实场景的日常表达。延展性活动大都被设计成用于学生课后自学,但是作为自学材料,却缺乏详尽的指导和步骤要求,可能会降低预期的自学效果。
现今大学英语的教学目标越发趋于实际的交流和表达,并且是在多元文化的基础上,以国际化视野看问题。所以大学英语口语教学在文本上需要彰显文化的多样性,在练习设计上需要凸显贴近生活的、有内容有意义的语言输出。
口语教材框架
主题的连贯性:口语教材各个单元由相对固定的人物角色贯穿始终,单元话题源自生活,比如入学住宿、课堂学习和课外自学、业余活动和人际沟通、毕业离校和未来规划等。每个单元结尾部分为下一个单元设下铺垫,这样单元主题在衔接性方面就显得比较连贯有条理,整个教材布局就是一个有机连贯的整体。在每个单元体例设置时,不仅需要提供口语样例和练习,还需要提供阅读文本、语言结构提示和写作样例,因为口语不能脱离阅读、听力和写作而变成孤立的机械式无意义训练。当学生通过阅读和听力掌握了一定背景知识后,再进行口语和听力共时性练习,即同时接受语言输入和输出的仿真实训,最后通过书写巩固并提高语言精准性运用。
举例如下:大学口语教材分为八个单元,以同一大学四个学生为主要人物,以人物行动为主要线索,各单元主题依次分别是入学适应、校园环境、专业学习、院系活动、人际沟通、业余生活、社会实践和毕业规划。每个单元按照如下体例编排:第一部分是短文提供背景介绍,文末标注需要学生掌握的语言结构提示,短文有示范朗读录音。第二部分是日常宽泛性对话示范和对话练习。对话示范有录音,对话练习难度呈阶梯式递增。第一个对话练习给出交流话题、参考词汇及句式,指导学生先通过仿写等办法补全句子,领会句义后再口语输出交流。这样的启发式练习算是一种口语热身,可以避免学生遇见话题茫然无措或者跑题千里,也避免学生陷入因为担心词汇有限、词不达意或者顾忌语法出错而不敢开口的窘境。第二个对话练习仅给出交流话题,鼓励学生自行完成对话,真实地交际。这样的发散性练习可以扩大学生的思维广度,而不是受限于教材的视野。第二部分对话后也要标注需要学生掌握的语言结构提示。第三部分是探究性交际示范和练习。首先是跟单元主题相关的个人陈述示范如讲座或演讲节选,提供录音且有语言结构提示。接着是围绕同一主题的多人深层次讨论性会话,探讨研究某一问题,提供会话录音且有语言结构提示。然后是个人陈述练习和多人会话练习,提供话题、参考词汇和句式。第四部分是单元巩固和下文铺垫。单元巩固要求学生为第一部分的背景短文写概要,为第二部分日常宽泛性对话录音,为第三部分个人陈述写下完整文章,以及以同义转述的方式记录多人会话中各人的主要观点。下文铺垫指为下一单元设置悬念,布置思考题等。
文化的多样性:从英语语言本身的发展历史看,英语词汇吸收了世界很多地区的语言。随着英语在全球的传播和使用,人们也越来越多的看到用英语描述的非英语国家和地区的风貌和事件,比如我国的历史故事、民俗风情、文化遗产等都有英语的表述。所以从教材选材来看,文本的选择既可以是描述英语国家的情况,也可以是反映非英语国家的内容。这样体现文化多样性的教材有利于增大学习者的文化宽容度,并且扩大学习者的国际化视野。
以上文例子中设想的八个单元为例,在每个单元的各个部分,可以适当编排反映多元文化的文本内容。在第二单元校园环境的第一部分背景介绍中,既可以介绍发达国家的大学设施和地理风貌,也可以谈及发展中国家的大学环境。在第四单元院系活动的第二部分日常宽泛性对话示范中,可以安排我国某些大学间举行的端午划龙舟比赛的相关对话。在第七单元社会实践的第三部分探究性交际示范中,可以选取我国社会学家关于我国人口老龄化问题的讲座片段作为个人陈述的样本,再选取多方媒体就老龄化问题访谈专家的片段作为多人深层次讨论的样本。这样的多文化编排教材,不仅让学生通过英文了解其他国家和地区,更让学生知道自己国家的方方面面如何用英文表达,从而让其他国家和地区的人更了解中国,在多文化的交融中产生共鸣,爱国爱和平。
经典和时尚的兼容性:教材的文本选材可从经典和时尚两方面着手,既保持经典文本的稳定性和延续性,又保证时尚文本的鲜活感和时代感。经典文本通常是原汁原味的地道英文,可以是英语母语国家作者的名著节选、名家观点或文化典故。经典文本不会被时代淘汰,其遣词造句是学习的样板,因此可以以相对稳定的形式体现在教科??上,但选材内容不宜离日常生活太远或太艰深难懂。时尚文本可以以活页教材的形式体现,因为教科书的出版需要时间,出版的内容通常比当下发生的时事滞后。所以教材使用活页形式可以有一定灵活性,有些时事热点可以马上带入课堂,比如诺贝尔奖、奥斯卡等国际奖项的颁发,又如重大体育赛事的进行,国内国际热点问题,这样能较容易联系实际,把发生在时下的事情和学生探讨,更能捕获学生的注意力。如果这些时尚文本材料所表现的问题都可以在经典文本材料中找到本质性对照点,那么时尚文本和经典文本就像表象和本质那样,相互联系,缺一不可。
依然以上文例子中设想的八个单元教材为例,在第三单元专业学习的第三部分个人陈述示范中,可以选取培根的《论读书》片段作为演讲文本,让这样的经典作品持续不断地启发代代学生。在第五单元人际沟通的第二部分对话示范中,可以选取当代美剧英剧等朋友间的日常对话,让最流行最地道的口语为当代学生所熟悉。
语言输出的真实性:口语教材不仅样例文本需要贴近生活切实可信,其配套设置的口语输出练习也应具有真实性,即不是仅仅为了操练而按照语法规则生造的缺乏生活感的句子。在形式上,口语输出可以仿照生活场景,有个人陈述,有两人对话,还有多人会话等。内容上也可以由浅入深,有较为初浅的问姓名问天气问兴趣爱好等话题,也有涉及体育赞助,资源开发,人口老龄等需要较为深入探究的话题。此外,真实场景的口语会出现短时停顿、思考、迟疑、犹豫等情况,但一般不会出现长时间沉默的情况,因此教材中也需要体现这类不太连贯的口语表达。
结语
通过上述口语教材框架的构建设想,使口语教材主题连贯,呈现文化多样性,兼具时尚和经典,实现口语输出的真实性,即学习者能用英语较为流利和准确地描述实际生活中的方方面面。希望这样的口语教材更贴近实际,能更有效地帮助学习者提高口语水平,拓展视野,启发思维。
参考文献:
[1] 张静.大学英语口语教材编写技巧研究[J].山西大同大学学报(社会科学版),2014.06.[2]张时英.大学英语口语课的话题选择和设计[J].重庆理工大学学报(社会科学版),2011.04.[3]新东方教育科技集团雅思研究院.雅思口语[J].浙江教育出版社,2016.02.[4] 王德军,吕芸芳.用英语说中国――文化[J].上海科学普及出版社,2008.09.
第二篇:英语口语社团教材
英语口语社团教案
(一)时间:第三周 地点:五(2)班教室 内容:
故事表演:The Fox and the Crow(1)
Step1、Warming-up.1、Greetings:
2、Sing a song: Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf.Step2、观看The Fox and the Crow的表演视频。
1、学生观看视频。
2、让学生说说这是一个什么故事。
3、出示The Fox and the Crow的句子,帮助学生理解。
4、再看视频,学生试着听清句子。
5、学生跟读几遍句子。
6、学生看视频跟读句子,注意模仿语音语调。
7、请几个学生进行角色扮演。Step3、Homework.1、熟读故事,为下节脱稿表演做好准备。
英语口语社团教案
(二)时间:第四周
地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
故事表演:The Fox and the Crow(2)
教学过程: Step1、Warming-up.1、Greetings.2、Sing a song: Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf.Step2、现次观看The Fox and the Crow的表演视频。
1、学生回忆故事主要内容。
2、再请几组同学对故事进行表演,并纠正发音。
3、教给学生相应动作,与句子配合。
4、学生分成三组进行故事表演,配上动作。
(在这个环节里,可以让程度好的学生担任主角,程度差的同学充当配角如小乌鸦。而且小乌鸦可以多几个学生进行,以让每个学生都能参与。)
5、三组学生进行汇报演出。
6、让全体成员选出最有表现力的学生,重新组合,并分配角色,进行更精彩的表演。
英语口语社团教案
(三)时间:第五周
地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
英语口语常用语 颜色表达
教学过程: Step1、Warming-up.1、Greetings.2、Sing a song: I Can Sing a Rainbow Step2、Free talk。
Hello, every body.How are you? I’m fine, thank you.And you? I’m fine, too.What’s your favorite sport? My favorite sport is … What’s your favorite color? My favorite color is… Step3、复习颜色单词。Step4、复习有关颜色句型。What color is it? It’s …
What’s your favorite color? My favorite color is … What color is the sweater? Who is wearing yellow/blue/pink…today? Step.学生反以上问句进行整理,分四组编成对话,并汇报表演。
英语口语社团教案
(四)时间:第六周
地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
英语诗歌朗诵表演1 教学过程: Dreams 梦想
Hold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想,For if dreams die 梦想若是消亡
Life is a broken-winged bird 生命就象鸟儿折了翅膀 That can never fly.再也不能飞翔 Hold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想,For when dreams go 梦想若是消丧
Life is a barren field 生命就象贫瘠的荒野,Frozen only with snow 雪覆冰封,万物不再生 Step1、Warming-up.1、Greetings.2、Read a poem: Dream.Step2、Learn the poem.1、生听几遍教师范读的诗歌,试着理解大意。
2、讲解诗歌大意,并教学诗歌中的生词。
3、带读诗歌几遍,直至熟练。
4、有感情地朗读诗歌。
5、请生自由有感情地朗读诗歌。
6、请个别同学进行朗诵表演。Step3、Homework.要求学生背诵诗歌。
英语口语社团教案
(五)时间:第七周
地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
英语诗歌朗诵表演2 教学过程: winter moon冬月
evelyn scott伊吾琳•司科特
a little white thistle moon初月如银沟,blown over the cold crags and fens: 吹过冰岩沼; a little white thistle moon如勾初月白,blown across the frozen heather.吹渡寒郊草。Step1、Warming-up.1、Greetings.2、Read a poem: Dream.(最好学生能够背诵下来的)全班朗诵,分组朗诵,个别朗诵。Step2、Learn the poem.1、生听几遍教师范读的诗歌,试着理解大意。
2、讲解诗歌大意,并教学诗歌中的生词。
3、带读诗歌几遍,直至熟练。
4、有感情地朗读诗歌。
5、请生自由有感情地朗读诗歌。
6、请个别同学进行朗诵表演(可自己配上相应的简单动作)。Step3、Homework.要求学生背诵诗歌。
英语口语社团教案
(六)时间:第八周
地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
游戏Words explaining 教学过程:
将学生分成四组,每组选四个成员上台释词,其余组员猜词,猜中一词得一分,分数最多的一组胜出。另外释词能让组员猜中词数最多的个人奖前三名,即个人优胜奖。释词的个人可任意选择一组词 A组: 1.people teacher,sister,friend,boy,driver,classmate,nurse,daughter,policeman, player, Chinese 2.animals tiger,monkey,rabbit,elephant,panda,snake,dolphin,duck,chicken,fish,horse,cat,dog,cow,sheep,bear,shark,bird,deer,fox 3.sports and entertainment football,volleyball,climbing,singing,trip,dancing,swimming,walk, running,morning exercise B组: 1.time Sunday,moment,June,spring,week, date,noon,year,Tuesday,lunch, day,September, winter,birthday,evening,weekend,minute, midnight 2.school things pencil,blackboard, paper,clock,picture,dictionary,classroom,eraser, book,desk,ruler, exercise-book,schoolbag,playground,trees,computer C组: 1.buildings cinema,school, zoo,shop,market,library,hotel, restaurant, bank,museum 2.action jump,sing,eat,drive,hear,swim,draw,dance,sit,drink,sleep,smell,knock, laugh,cut,read,cry,buy,run,fly
英语口语社团教案
(七)时间:第九周
地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
与同学们一起进行口语学习,培养同学们的口语学习兴趣及基本口语能力。教学过程:
(1)本组教师成员运用简单的英语口语与同学进行自我介绍,已达到既相互认识又增加同学兴趣的目的。
(2)分点复习前面所学内容:
A.复习部分常用称呼名词(grandfather/grandmother等)、周一至周日(Monday...Sunday)一月至十二月(January...December)B.运用简单口语进行自我介绍及引介(this is.../that is...)其它人或事物;C.进行简单交流的常用语的介绍,如陌生熟悉的人们见面或道别常用语(I am glad to meet you。等),交谈中用于活跃气氛的一些用语(如天气weather介绍等);
D.复习同学对自己所喜欢(like/love...)的人或物的表达,主要介绍“喜欢”意义的口语表达方式。部分相关用语:
(1)关于天气 Clear=晴朗 Cloudy=多云Fair=晴 Fog=雾Heavy Rain=大雨Heavy Snow=大雪Light Rain=小雨Light Snow=小雪Lightening=雷电Mostly Clear=大部晴朗Rain=雨 Rain Shower=阵雨Smoke=烟雾 Snow=雪Snow and Fog=雾夹雪Sunny=阳光 Sunny / Wind=晴时有风 Sunny Day=晴天Windy=有风 Windy/Snowy=有风/有雪(2)交际用语(what’s the weather like today?)
英语口语社团教案
(八)时间:第十周
地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
节选著名童话《丑小鸭》的英语剧本最后一段,教给学生们,并让他们进行表演,让他们在参与表演中学习。教学过程:
1、先教他们节段中的英语对话,熟练后就请学生们进行角色表演,让他们能实际运用,使记忆更深刻。第三场丑小鸭变天鹅
场景:春天,绿树,花草,音乐。构成一幅湖边春光图。
画外音:Spring comes, the flowers are blooming.Ugly duckling fly to the lake, he sees some beautiful white swans over there.They have white feather and slender necks.Ugly ducking wants to play with them.(春天来了,花开了,丑小鸭扑扑翅膀,向湖边飞去。看见湖面上有几只美丽的白天鹅,雪白的羽毛,长长的脖子,美丽极了。他多想和他们一起玩啊!)丑小鸭:Ah!Beautiful birds, your feather is so white, your necks is so slender, your posture is so nice, you are most dignity bird in the world!(啊!美丽的大鸟,你们的羽毛是那样洁白,你们的脖子是那样修长,你们的体态是那样优美,你们是世界上最高贵的鸟儿。)天鹅1:Hello, my lovely friend, come and play with us!(可爱的小客人,快来和我们一起玩吧!)众天鹅:Come on!Come on!(快来呀!来吧!)丑小鸭:You are so warm-hearted!But, don’t you feel me ugly?(你们真是太好了!可是,你们不觉得我很丑吗?)天鹅2:No, you are a pretty swan!(你是一只漂亮的白天鹅呀!)众天鹅:Look at yourself!快看看自己吧!丑小鸭:(飞到湖边,对着湖面左顾右看)Oh, my god!Is this me ?I’m no longer an ugly duckling, I am a petty swan!啊,上帝!这难道是我的影子吗?原来我不是丑小鸭,而是一只漂亮的天鹅啦!(天鹅舞曲响起,4大天鹅和小天鹅共同起舞,跳出丑小鸭长成天鹅后的幸福快乐。)画外音:It is no matter to be born in a duckery if you are a swan egg.You ought to be the beautiful swan one day.(只要你是一只天鹅蛋,就是生在养鸭场也没什么关系;总有一天会变成一只美丽的天鹅。)
2、自己朗读
3、作业:
熟读,分小组表演
英语口语社团教案
(九)时间:第十二周 地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
节选著名童话《丑小鸭》的英语剧本最后一段,教给学生们,并让他们进行表演,让他们在参与表演中学习。教学过程:
1、观看节选著名童话《丑小鸭》的英语剧本最后一段。
2、朗读
3、分小组表演 第三场丑小鸭变天鹅
场景:春天,绿树,花草,音乐。构成一幅湖边春光图。
画外音:Spring comes, the flowers are blooming.Ugly duckling fly to the lake, he sees some beautiful white swans over there.They have white feather and slender necks.Ugly ducking wants to play with them.(春天来了,花开了,丑小鸭扑扑翅膀,向湖边飞去。看见湖面上有几只美丽的白天鹅,雪白的羽毛,长长的脖子,美丽极了。他多想和他们一起玩啊!)丑小鸭:Ah!Beautiful birds, your feather is so white, your necks is so slender, your posture is so nice, you are most dignity bird in the world!(啊!美丽的大鸟,你们的羽毛是那样洁白,你们的脖子是那样修长,你们的体态是那样优美,你们是世界上最高贵的鸟儿。)天鹅1:Hello, my lovely friend, come and play with us!(可爱的小客人,快来和我们一起玩吧!)众天鹅:Come on!Come on!(快来呀!来吧!)丑小鸭:You are so warm-hearted!But, don’t you feel me ugly?(你们真是太好了!可是,你们不觉得我很丑吗?)天鹅2:No, you are a pretty swan!(你是一只漂亮的白天鹅呀!)众天鹅:Look at yourself!快看看自己吧!丑小鸭:(飞到湖边,对着湖面左顾右看)Oh, my god!Is this me ?I’m no longer an ugly duckling, I am a petty swan!啊,上帝!这难道是我的影子吗?原来我不是丑小鸭,而是一只漂亮的天鹅啦!(天鹅舞曲响起,4大天鹅和小天鹅共同起舞,跳出丑小鸭长成天鹅后的幸福快乐。)画外音:It is no matter to be born in a duckery if you are a swan egg.You ought to be the beautiful swan one day.(只要你是一只天鹅蛋,就是生在养鸭场也没什么关系;总有一天会变成一只美丽的天鹅。)
英语口语社团教案
(十)时间:第十三周 地点:五(2)班教室
培训目标:
培养学生基本的口语交际,英语运用能力,即说的能力。内容:
谚语、惯用语 教学内容:
1、出示简单的谚语、惯用语,教师领读
Every dog has his day.(瞎猫碰上了死耗子。)Speak of the devil.(说曹操,曹操到。)Kill two birds with one stone.(一举两得。)Time flies.(光阴似箭。)Time is money.(时间就是金钱。)Seeing is believing.(百闻不如一见。)
There is no smoke without fire.(无风不起浪。)Practice makes perfect.(熟能生巧。)
When it rains, it(always)pours.(祸不单行,福无双至。)Where there's a will, there's a way.(功夫不负有心人。)
2、学生自己读
3、小组比赛
英语口语社团教案
(十一)时间:第十四周 地点:五(2)班教室
教学目的:培养同学们的口语学习兴趣及基本口语能力。内容:
英文歌曲Jingle Bells 教学过程:
1、跟读歌曲
2、听歌
3、唱歌英文:
Jingle Bells Dashing through the snow, in a one moose open sleigh, o'er the fields we go, laughing more the way.Bells on bobtail trail, made its staling crying, Oh what fun it is to ride and sing in a one moose open sleigh, Hey!Jingle bells,jingle bells,jingle all the way!Oh what fun it is to ride in a one moose open sleigh!Hey!Jingle bells,jingle bells,jingle all the way!Oh what fun it is to ride in a one moose open sleigh!Jingle bells,jingle bells,jingle all the way!Oh what fun it is to ride in a one moose open sleigh!Hey!Jingle bells,jingle bells,jingle all the way!Oh what fun it is to ride in a one moose open sleigh!-!-!译文:
叮叮当,冲破大风雪,坐在一只驼鹿拉的雪橇上,奔驰过田野,一路笑声多欢畅。在鹿尾巴上的铃铛,发出低沉的声音,坐在橇上唱滑雪歌,今晚多快活!嘿!叮叮当,叮叮当,铃儿一路响!哦!坐在一只驼鹿拉的雪橇上,精神多爽朗!嘿!叮叮当,叮叮当,铃儿一路响!哦!坐在一只驼鹿拉的雪橇上,精神多爽朗!叮叮当,叮叮当,铃儿一路响!哦!坐在一只驼鹿拉的雪橇上,精神多爽朗!嘿!叮叮当,叮叮当,铃儿一路响!哦!坐在一只驼鹿拉的雪橇上,精神多爽朗!!
4、齐唱
英语口语社团教案
(十二)时间:第十五周 地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
英语童谣两首。教学过程:
1、朗读童谣
2、小组内比赛朗读
He that lies at the stock, Bbb, baaa, black sheep, Have you any wool? Shall have a gold rock;Yes, sir, yes, sir, He that lies at the wall, Three bags full;Shall have a golden ball;One for the master, He that lies in the middle, And one for the dame, Shall have a gold fiddle.And one for the little boy Who lives down the lane.咩咩咩,黑绵羊,多少羊毛身上长? 先生先生你来看,三个口袋鼓囊囊; 一袋主人面前放,3、比一比,看谁最棒
睡在床边,有块金石头; 睡在海边,有只金皮球; 睡在中间,有只金提琴。
英语口语社团教案
(十三)时间:第十六周 地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
游戏“Add on”看图说话
教学过程:
1、游戏是训练学生英语描述能力与及短期记忆,将学生以班为单位分成若干组,以比赛的形式进行,展示图片,要求学生根据图片内容描述,每说出一个完整句子可得一分,接下来必须在原句子的基础上添加新的内容,以抢答形式进行。例如: A: I see a living room.B: I see a living room and a beautiful box.C: I see a living room and a beautiful box.A cup is on the box.D: …… Part 2
2、让学生根据图片说一段话,先个人演练,再选代表进行比赛。
3、总结,发奖品。
英语口语社团教案
(十三)时间:第十七周 地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
英语歌曲Round the clock 教学过程: 一.复习导入
What time is it? 时间是怎么表达的? 二.歌曲激趣
学习歌曲 Round the clock 1.轻听旋律 2.理解歌词 3.学唱歌曲 4.小组比赛 三.歌曲欣赏
我们还会唱有关时间的歌曲吗?
歌词:Round the clock the hours go Sometimes fast and sometimes slow Tell me what the two hands say They will tell the time of day Nine o'clock it's time for bed Come with me you sleepyhead Round the clock the hours go Sometimes fast and sometimes slow Tell me what the two hands say They will tell the time of day Twelve o'clock it's time to eat Come with me we'll have a treat
英语口语社团教案
(十四)时间:第十八周 地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
学习故事 教学过程:
1、复习动物类单词 你学过什么动物类单词呢?
2、故事导入
今天,一只熊遇见了一只狐狸,发生了什么事呢?
3、学习故事
A bear used to boast of his excessive love for man.saying that he never worried or mauled him when dead.the fox observed.with a smile :I should have thought more of profession if you never eaat him alive.Better save a man from dying than slalve him when dead.译文:
一只熊总喜欢夸耀自己很爱人,他说人死了之后,他从来不咬他或伤害他,狐狸笑着说:假如你从来不吃活人的话,我就会更重视你所说的话了。
拯救一个人使他不死,胜过在他死后说些安慰的话。
4、说说故事心得
5、讲故事
英语口语社团教案
(十五)时间:第十九周 地点:五(2)班教室
内容:
英语谚语 教学过程:
1、读英语谚语,理解谚语的意思
2、朗读谚语
3、小组内朗读
A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
A good book is a good friend.好书如挚友。
Do it now.机不可失,时不再来。Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。
4、比一比,谁最棒!
英语口语社团教案(十六)时间:第二十周 地点:舞蹈室
内容:话剧表演“小猫钓鱼”
角色: K: Kitty(小猫 曹煜青扮演)M: Mother Cat(猫妈妈
刘迦楠扮演)B: Brother Cat(猫 哥哥 陈新宇扮演)L: Little brother Cat(猫弟弟 崔响扮演)
F: Father Cat(猫爸爸 常浩哲扮演)
Butterfly(小蝴蝶 多清源扮演)Rabbit(小兔子 沈子童扮演)旁白:The Kitty’s is going camping, Kitty wants to learn fishing.Can he learn fishing? 小猫一家去野营,小猫想学钓鱼,他能学会吗?
K: Hello!I’m Little cat Mimi.I’m going fishing.But…(看见妈妈在……)Hi!Mummy!What are you doing? Can you go fishing with me? 大家好,我是小猫咪咪,我想去学钓鱼,但是。。你好,妈妈,你在干什么,你能和我一起钓鱼吗?
M: Sorry.I am cooking dinner.(对不起,我在做午餐)
K: That’s OK!Bye!(闷闷不乐地来到哥哥身边)Hi!Brother!What are you doing? Can you go fishing with me.(那好吧,拜拜。你好,哥哥,你在干什么?你能和我一起钓鱼吗?)B:(哥哥正在打电话): Sorry.I am answering the phone.(对不起,我正打在打电话。)K: Oh.Bye.(闷闷不乐地来到姐姐身边)(那好吧,拜拜)
K:(弟弟正在画画): Hi!Tom!What are you doing? Can you go fishing with me?(你好,Tom,你在干什么?你能和我一起钓鱼吗?)
L: Sorry.I am drawing pictures./…(对不起,我正在画画)
K: That’s ok!Bye-bye!(垂头丧气地来到爸爸身边,爸爸在……)Hi!Daddy!Can you go fishing with me?(那好吧,拜拜。你好,爸爸,你能和我一起钓鱼吗?)F: Sure!Let’s go!(当然可以,我们现在就去.)K: Great!(太好了!)(兴高采烈地来到河边开始钓鱼)Butterfly(小蝴蝶)小蝴蝶一边飞一边唱着:It’s a sunny day.I’m very happy.I can fly high.(天气真好,我好开心,我能飞很高)K:(看见一只蝴蝶马上丢下钓鱼竿): Wow!A butterfly.How beautiful!Let’s play together!Don’t run away!(哦,蝴蝶,好漂亮啊。我们一起玩吧。别跑啊!)(蝴蝶飞走了.小猫垂头丧气地回来继续钓鱼)F:(爸爸钓到一条大鱼): Look!A big fish!(哦,看,一条大鱼)
Rabbit(小兔子)小兔子一边跳一边唱着: It’s a sunny day.I’m very happy.I can jump high.(天气真好,我好开心,我能跳很高)K:.(看见小兔子马上丢下钓鱼竿去追赶小兔,)Wow!A rabbit!How lovely!Stop!Stop!(哦,一只小兔子,好可爱啊,快停下,快停下!)(小兔跑进了草丛深处,小猫咪咪伤心地回到了池塘边)Oh ,I have no butterfly, no rabbit.I have no fish!Wu…(哦,我没有蝴蝶,没有小兔子,没有鱼,呜呜)
All together(大家一起说): Don’t cry!Kitty!Do it with your heart.You can get fish.(不要哭泣,凯蒂。用心去做。你一定会钓到鱼的!)
K: Yes, I’m sorry.I’m fishing again.(小猫继续坐下来钓鱼)Oh!A fish!Ha,ha,ha…I can fish!(是的,很抱歉,我再去钓鱼。哦,一条鱼,哈哈我会钓鱼了。)
第三篇:大学英语口语
我认为理想的生活应该是快乐而且衣食无忧,每天都过得充实而且快乐,不用担心衣食住行,能够做自己想做的事和喜欢做的事,创造属于自己的人生价值。
I think the ideal life should be happy and comfortable, had a full and happy every day, don't have to worry about food and clothing live line, to do what you want to do and do, create their own value of life.例如,可以抽出时间看自己想看的书,见自己相见的人和去自己想去的地方。
For example, you can take time out to see oneself want to see of book, saw that they meet each other and to the places they want to go.工作对于一个人非常重要,因为工作是一个人实现价值和满足基本需求的需要。
Work is important for a person, because the work is a person value and meet the needs of the basic requirements.对于处理工作与休闲的关系,我认为工作时应该认真工作,提高工作效率,休闲时应该尽情享受,体验生活的乐趣。
To deal with the relationship between work and leisure, I think work should work in earnest, improve work efficiency, should enjoy leisure, experience the fun of life.白领应该是受过高等教育,工作能力强,衣食无忧的人,不喜欢,因为白领的生活方式不健康,比如:吃饭很快,不吃早餐,过度饮用咖啡
White-collar workers should be trained in higher education, work ability, desultory person, don't like it, because of the white-collar lifestyle is not healthy, such as: eat quickly, don't eat breakfast, excessive drinking coffee
第四篇:大学英语口语
1.What is addiction? What are the things people can easily get addicted to? An addiction is the condition of being dependent on a drug, or the crave 渴望,乞求
to do something because one cannot stop doing it.One can be addicted to cigarette smoking, drugs and the Internet.2.Why do you think some people, especially young people, take drugs? Some people take drugs to feel good.Others take drugs to temporarily forget their problems.And still some others take drugs to reduce stress.Young people may try drugs out of curiosity, or may be tempted to take drugs because of peer pressure.3.Why is drug abuse such a threat to our society?What can we do to prevent or reduce drug abuse? Drug abuse harms not just the abusers, but also their loved ones, their family and society at large.A drug addict will resort to crime and violence or any means to get money to buy drugs.The behavior will be a threat to our society.Punishment alone is not an effective way to help drug users quit drugs or stop drug users from committing crimes.In order to prevent drug abuse, we can launch drug education programs to teach young people about the risks involved, toughen laws to prevent drug offenses, and make greater efforts to crack down on drug trafficking 交通来往.毒品交易
1.What do you think are the causes of war? War breaks out because of religious conflicts,economic disputes.Throughout the history, most wars have been waged to protect the economic interests of superpower.2.Consequences(结果,推论)of War/What damage does war do to mankind? War is a human tragedy.Millions of people die and families fall apart as a result of war.For example, in peace-time sons bury fathers, but war violates the order of nature and fathers bury sons.On the other hand, war is costly in money, resources and human lives.What is worse, disputes often persist after wars.3.What is your favorite book or movie about war?How dose it affect you and your attitude toward war? My favorite movie about war is赤壁,from the movie I know that if a country is attacked,it has the right to fight.What’s more,to prepare for war is one of the best ways to preserve peace.1.What does aging mean?How old are people considered elderly? Aging is the natural process of growing old.It refers to a decline in all areas of a person’s mental and physical abilities.People over 65 years old are generally considered elderly or senior citizens.2.How should we treat old people? Old people are an asset of society.They are more experienced and responsible.But Old age is often accompanied by various kinds of illnesses such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, etc.A typical sign of aging is forgetful-ness.So We should treat old people with respect, affection, patience, and kindness , take good care of them, especially when they are sick.3.What problems may people have as they grow old? Many elderly people suffer from varying degrees of memory loss.A typical sign of aging is forgetfulness, decline in vision and hearing and weakening of muscle strength.1.Why do some young people pick up smoking? Some young people may have picked up smoking out of curiosity.And some young people may have picked up smoking because they thought it was cool.2.How harmful is smoking to smokers? Smoking is harmful to one’s health.For example,smoking is known as a fatal cause of lung cancer.Smoking is also found to be related to other types of cancer.3.In what places has smoking already been banned? Are you in favor of this policy or not? Why? I think all public places should at least partially ban smoking.Besides,all public places should create a smoke-free area for non-smokers.4.What troubles can a smoker have if he works in a non-smoking environment? Once you become addicted to smoking, it will be hard to quit the habit.Whether a smoker can give up smoking or not depends on his will, his determination and the support of his friends and family.5.Is smoking also harmful to nonsmokers? In what way? Smoking is dangerous not only to the smokers themselves but also to the nonsmokers around them.Passive smoking can also cause lung cancer.1.What is the general attitude toward wealth in our society? Modern life is built around money.Money, whatever form it takes, is essential for buying goods and services.In a commercialized society, money ranks very high in people's value system.2.Do you think money can bring happiness? Why or why not? Money does not necessarily bring us happiness.It brings you medicine, but not health.Happiness does not depend on the amount of money you have.A happy man is one who is content, whether he is rich or poor.3.How is life different for the rich as compared with the not-so-rich? For the rich,good education,travel,luxury and security are all readily available.While the poor attain these with great difficulty,if at all.4.Do you think wealth is a source of happiness or a source of problem.For me,wealth is a source of happuness.As is known to all,modern life is built around money.Whatever form it takes, is essential for buying goods and services.1.What is memory? Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use.2.What techniques do you use to help you remember things? Whether you can remember things well or not depends on the way you try to remember them.Don't try to memorize all the facts, but focus your attention on what you consider more important.It is impossible to concentrate if you are tense or nervous.Try to relax and you'll remember things.3.How can we improve our memory?
Memory is like a muscle---the more it is used, the better it gets.So if we want to improve our memory,try to use our memory to the utmost.Learning new skills could stimulate our brain.1.What is the purpose of an oral presentation?
Our performance in oral presentations will form an important part of the overall assessment of our work.We are often expected to give oral presentations to our classmates and teachers.2.How can we make our presentations more effective?
In giving an oral presentation, we should not only organize information and ideas coherently but also deliver the speech in a clear and vivid way.Using charts, photos and computer graphics can help us to get our message across.3.What is OHP and what are its functions?
The OHP is a device which projects enlarged images from transparencies onto a screen or a white wall.Using an overhead projector enables the audience to see the charts, diagrams and photos clearly.Using an overhead projector enables the audience to follow a presentation more easily.1)In what sense do you think we can regard the world we live in as One World? The world in which we live gives birth to the human race and nurtures the human race.Besides,Contacts between cultures promote understanding among peoples of the world.What’s more,With the rapid development of transportation means and the information technology the world is getting smaller and smaller.So we can say that........2)Do you think people in the world are largely similar? Why or why not? All human beings have the need to eat, to have shelter, and to work.They also need to love others and be loved.We, people of the world, are one big family, for together we exist, and together we try to make the world better for all.Although people in different countries have different traditions, they all seem to celebrate certain days such as New Year’s Day, Mother’s Day, Children’s Day, etc.3)What are the traditions of birthday celebrations in some Western countries? How do they differ from the Chinese ones? Cakes, lights, and candles are often associated with the celebration of a person’s birthday in many Western countries.In China, special noodles are served for lunch in honor of the birthday person.The noodles are extra long to symbolize longevity or a long life.1.What do cultural differences mean? People from different countries speak different languages, keep different value systems, and have different ways of looking at things.These differences are generally called cultural differences.3.What problems may be caused by our failure to recognize cultural differences? Failure to recognize cultural differences may cause many problems.On the one hand, those who are uninformed about cultural differences may have difficulty communicating with their business associates from other cultures.On the other hand, inability to recognize cultural differences can make mutual understanding difficult.A certain amount of small talk about the weather, family, and personal hobbies is expected before getting down to business with your foreign associates.4.How can we deal with cultural differences? There are many ways to deal with cultural differences.For example,we can avoid unintentionally offending others by learning the basic characteristics of other cultures.For instance, we may ask our foreign friends about their everyday customs or take time to explain certain common customs of our own culture to them.1.What kind of friends do you think are true/good friends? A good friend is a real friend, and a real friend is a friend for life.A friend is, as it were, a second self.First, a friend is one whom you can count on, trust and talk to.Second, a friend is someone who will listen to you when you talk about your problems or before whom you may think aloud.What is more, a friend is a person who will help you if you are in trouble.Just as the saying goes: A friend in need is a friend indeed.2.How do you make friends? We should make friends with those who are kind-hearted, compassionate, caring, honest and thoughtful, because they are sincere and reliable.So don’t try to win a friend with gifts only.The only way to have a friend is to be one.3.What is true friendship? Friendship involves affection and intimacy.Friendship is based on warmth, trust and shared experience.True friendship is a plant of slow growth, the value of which can stand the test of time.True friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.4.How valuable is friendship in a person’s life? Life without friends is like life on a desert island, and life without friendship is not worth living.Sharing joy and sorrow is the way to show your deep friendship.If you tell your joy to your friend, your joy will double.And if you pour your sorrow to your friend, your sorrow will be reduced by half.5.How can we keep friendship alive? Sharing your joy and sorrow with your friends can nurture friendship and keep friendship alive;keeping your friends informed about yourself can improve friendship, and make friendship permanent;remembering important days in your friends’ lives can promote friendship and keep friendship fresh in our minds.
第五篇:企业文化体系构建框架
智海精密公司
企业文化体系构建框架
尖塔式企业文化体系结构:
智海精密公司文化体系结构层次图
第一部分:企业理念文化层面(顶层文化)
一、公司使命:
以拉削刀具制造为基石,适应市场拓展产品线宽度,稳步朝纵向产业链延伸、渗透。为客户提供顶级配套服务。
二、公司愿景:
为追求和谐、责任、高效、创新的企业目标,我们要为员工创造一个优美、舒适、人性化的工作及生活环境,让员工安居乐业。为客户、员工、股东创造最大价值,实现各方利益共同体达到共赢,成为中国拉削刀具行业第一方队成员,为社会提供精密、优质产品,造福于社会。
三、公司的发展战略:
以技术领先的战略理念来开拓市场
以保证质量和优质服务为重点来巩固市场
以技术创新培养人才来保证企业可持续发展
四、公司战略目标:
公司将在二十一世纪的十五年中,争创中国第一,跻身世界先进。成为集科研开发、生产制造、产品销售于一体的高新、复杂、精密拉削刀具生产基地。
五、公司价值理念:
(一)核心价值理念:
求实进取志存高远实业报国
(二)各分支价值理念:
1、人力观:人才是生产力,知人知底,人尽其才,人尽其能,人尽其用。
2、利益观:公司各利益相关方和谐共享共赢,智海精密是我们共同利益的源泉。
3、实践观:只有行动一切才会成为可能。
4、质量观:追求一流,不断改进,客户满意,铸就品牌。
5、市场观:市场所需,客户第一,为客户创造最大价值。
6、服务观:客户永远是对的,为客户服务好,帮助客户解决问题。
7、人际观:严于律已,宽以待人。
8、团队观:团结就是力量,荣誉就是源泉。
9、工作观:岗位就是责任,实干就是水平,落实就是能力。
10、员工品格观:忠诚、自律、主动、责任、担当。
六、公司精神:
至诚执着勇于创新自强不息追求卓越
七、公司管理理念:
1、信任管理:
以自律为前提,以规则为标尺,以效率为目标。
2、制度管理:
制度面前人人平等,执行制度力求公平、公正、公开。
3、效率管理:
各项经营、管理活动须讲求实效,减少无价值的环节和流程,注重投入及产出,不断持续改进。
八、企业的道德标准:详见《智海公司员工道德行为规范》
九、企业经营宗旨:
以人为本质量第一顾客至上
第二部分:行为规范文化层面(中层文化)
一、管理制度:详见智海精密公司各项规章制度、管理规定及相关文件内容。
二、员工手册: 详见《智海精密公司员工手册》
第三部分:物质文化层面(表层文化)
公司以蓝色为主体色,以白色为辅色。
一、公司的商标标识:
智海精密公司注册商标的标识图形由椭圆形图案中加“ZHJM”四个汉语拼音字母组成,如下图:
智海精密公司品牌视觉识别(VI)的主色彩为蓝色。蓝色──属冷色系,是一种趋于理性、豁达、深邃、庄重、科技感极强的色彩符号,他象征着蓝天、大海,代表着宽广的胸怀、浑厚的积淀、辽阔的视野。
公司商标椭圆中的“ZHJM”字母的颜色使用渐变的蓝色,它预示着智海精密公司从无到有、从艰难到立足、从小到大、从弱到强的不同发展历程,象征着智海人自强不息执着不已的不懈追求。
1、“ZHJM”各为“智海精密”四个汉语拼音的打头字母; 2、椭圆形形似地球,充分体现智海精密公司日新月异不断发展壮大,实现智海精密刀具产品遍布海内、外的全球化战略目标。
3、椭圆形又形似眼睛和星球运行轨迹,体现了智海企业时时刻刻紧密地围绕着“智海精密”的核心,着眼未来,永续经营的企业目标。
二、公司其它视觉识别标识:
1、公司的信封:要求信封面的字体的颜色为蓝色,信封底色为白色。
2、公司的信签纸:要求信签纸上的字体颜色为蓝色。
3、工作服:要求公司春、夏工作服主体颜色为浅蓝色;秋、冬工作服主体颜色为深蓝色。(标徽可用红色镶配)
4、名片:名片底色为白色,名片上的文字均使用蓝色字体。
5、设备:公司设备外观颜色以蓝色或乳白色统一着色。
6、车辆:公司客、货运车辆外观颜色以蓝色为基调,门徽为白色字体,或相反。
7、主厂房:在公司主厂房北面墙左上角,做一个蓝色的公司商标标识。
8、公司大门口:公司大门口的公司名称及商标以蓝色为基本色,其底色用乳白色或浅银灰色重新制作。
9、公司各部门、总经理办公室、副总经理办公室、门卫室、员工休息室、食堂、会议室、阅览室等做标牌标识,字体颜色为蓝色,底面为白色,字体为“黑字体”或“宋字体”。