第一篇：浅谈高中英语语法虚拟语气教学（共）
浅谈高中英语语法虚拟语气教学
江苏省高邮市第一中学英语组 居树君 【摘 要】 随着新课改的不断深入，高二英语语法中的虚拟语气成为单选题中占分比较多的题型，这就面临着如何学好虚拟语气的问题。本文阐述虚拟语气在英语教学中的重要性，简析了高中虚拟语气教与学中存在的问题，探讨针对高中生如何掌握好虚拟语气的方法，在指出传统教学误区的同时，结合自己的实践，在吸收先进的教学方法的同时，提出几种可行的教学方法，提高学生学习虚拟语气的能力，为学生学好英语打下坚实的基础。【关键词】英语 虚拟语气 教学
众所周知，虚拟语气既是高中英语教学的重点，又是一大难点，很多学生经常对它的用法感到困惑。语法教学是高中生学好英语的前提和基础，对学生来说，学好虚拟语气是进步提高英语语法学习的前提和保障，作为一个教学工作者，如何有效地进行虚拟语气教学，将直接影响到学生是否真正理解和掌握英语，能否在考试中取得好的成绩以及切实有效地运用英语。
一． 虚拟语气的定义及应用
虚拟语气是指与事实相反，不可能或想象的情况或假设。
（一）.虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件句中的应用 动词形式/时间 从句 主句
与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be的过去式一般用were)would(could/should/might)+动词原形 与过去事实相反 be+动词过去分词
would(could/should/might)+have+过去分词 与将来事实可能相反
动词过去式;should/were to+动词原形 would(could/should/might)+动词原形
【注意】主句中的should只用于第一人称，would/could/might可用于所有人称 1.表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 如果我们有足够的钱，我们就去买一台电脑。2.表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
if i had known your telephone number yesterday, i should have telephoned you.如果我昨天知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。3.表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气
if it should rain, the crops would be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼可能就有收获了。【注意】（1）条件句中有were, had, should时，可把if省略，而把were, had, should放在主语前，构成到状结构。
（2）若非真实条件句为否定句，否定词not不提前。
（3）“could have+过去分词”可用于if条件句中表示不真实的情况。二．虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用 1.虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
在“it is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.that„和“it is desired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)that„”句型中，从句谓语用“（should+）动词原形
it is necessary that i should return it right now.我有必要马上把它还回去。
it is required that the students(should)learn a foreign language.学生们被要求必须学一门外语。2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
（1）wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用“would/could/might+动词原形”。i wish i had a little lab of my own.但愿我有一间属于自己的实验室。要是你昨天来听报告就好了。would rather 后的句子用虚拟语气。通常一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
i would rather he came tomorrow than today.we suggest that students should spend two or three years in an english-speaking country.我建议学生们在一个说英语的国家呆上两三年。【注意】当insist作“坚持认为”，用以陈述一种情况，suggest作“暗示，表明”解时，宾语从句通常不用虚拟语气。
mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.迈克坚持说他没有偷任何东西。
3.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的运用。
当 advice, order, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词后跟表语从句或同位语从句时，其谓语一般用“（should+）动词原形”。
his suggestion is that you should drink more water.三．在练习题型中学生常犯的错误 如：（2009.天津高考）this picture is of good quality.if it _b___break down within the first year, we would repair i at our expense.a.would b.should c.could d.might大多数学生容易选成a答案，这说明他们对虚拟语气的本质还没有把握清楚。
（2006.湖北高考）__b__fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.a.would you be b.should you be c.could you be d.might you be 这题很多学生容易把答案选成a 原因是他们不知道是对将来的虚拟，把if 省略了，should 给提到了句首，用了部分倒装句。这也是虚拟语气中的常考题型，往往被学生所忽视。四．解读虚拟语气
虚拟语气”中的“命令性虚拟语气”和“成语性虚拟语气”,再加上“were 型”虚拟语气。[1] §3116如下图所示:subjunctive present mandative formulaic were从属分句中的任何动词就都能用虚拟语气。[1] §3116如:(1)our decision is that the school remain closed.(2)it is necessary that every member inform himself of these rules.(3)there was a suggestion that brown be dropped from the team.(4)we ask that the individual citizen watch closely any developments in this matter.jespersen[5](p161)称: 在这种由that 引导的主语、宾语、表
语、同位语四种名词分句中, “祈使句被作为直接引语完整的保存下来, „讲话人觉得这里的be 型虚拟式是未经转变的指未来的祈使语气”。quirk 等[2] §14133也指出: 所有主要句子类型皆可变为间接引语, 而在转型后的间接祈使句中, 并无时态之后移。如果我们将这些命令性虚拟语气的深层语义和形式与祈使句作一对比, 便可发现二者有着十分密切的联系。如:(5)“do it right away.”i insistently said(to john).(6)i insisted that john do it right away.(7)“have another apple ,”caral suggested(to me).(8)caral suggested that i have another apple.例(5)、(7)属于隐主语型祈使句, 其主语是交际双方中的受话者you , 谓语动词为意指未来的一般现在时第二人称的形式。[6] quirk 等[2](p828)说过: “it is intuitively clear that the meaning of a directive implies that the omitted subject is the 2nd person pronoun you.”易仲良教授[4](p45)也撰文指出: 祈使句式 的主语无论隐没不现, 还是使用外现, 使用时不管是you 或是貌似第三人称的不定代词或名词词组, 都是受话者, 其谓语动词形式是限定动词现在时的第二人称形式。例(6)、(8)quirk等称之为命令性虚拟语气。而我们的看法
却不然。两例的that 分句中, 原例(5)、(7)祈使句被作为直接引语完整的保存了下来, 其主语表面上是第三人称john 和第一人称i, 而实际上仍然是交际双方中的受话者, 原祈使句之潜在主语you , 谓语动词保留了原祈使句谓语动词的形式, 即与第二人称you 相呼应的英语动词现在时态形式,[4]而不是quirk等所说的动词原形, 也不是did、had在转型后的间接祈使句中, 限定性动词并无时态之后移, 没有通常应有的一致性, 没有现在时和过去时之分。这样, 受话人可以从中感受来自现实发话人与原始发话人的双重声音, 从而较多的保留了话语原声状态下的祈使色彩。分析表明, quirk 等的be 型虚拟语气中的一类, 即“命令性虚拟语气”并没有它自身的标记性, 其谓语动词不是什么动词原形形式, 而是与祈使句谓语动词始终使用一般现在时第二人称的形式是一致的, 语义亦无二致, 都是要受话人作出某种行为的反应。易仲良教授[4](p48)将命令性虚拟语气称做间接祈使句。21成语性虚拟语气和心理祈使成语性虚拟语气(formulaic subjunctive)或曰祈求性虚拟语气是quirk等确认的现在虚拟语气的第二大类。他们认为这类虚拟语气也由原形(v)构成。但是, 这种成语性虚拟语气仅仅用在某些需要作为整体来学的成语性结构中[1] §3116用于某些感叹句表示愿望或希冀, 常常与超越自然力有关。如:(10)so be it then!(11)heaven forbid that „(12)suffice it to say that „(13)be that as it may, „ 试与祈使句作比较, 如:(14)god save the queen!(15)smith stand by me!quirk等把例(14)命之曰成语性虚拟语气, 它与祈使句例(15)的动词形式完全一致, 所引两例在深层语义上都是祈使某一对象做某事。祈使句例(15), 如前所述, 所祈使的对象“smith”表面上看是第三人称, 但实际上为现实语言交际中的受话人you , 其谓语动词是一般现在时第二人称的形式。[4](p45)关于祈使句中不定代词或名词短语作主语不是第三人称而是第二人称的观点jespersen [5](p148)早有论述: “any imperative is virtually in the second person , even if seemingly addressed to a third person.”poutsma[7](p200)在论述祈使句谓语动词时也曾说道: “the imperative , from the nature of its meaning, is used only in the present tense.”而例(14)所祈使的对象“god”在quirk 等看来, 也是第三人称, 但从话语的形成过程看, 句中“god”系发话人向彼岸世界之呼告, 我们不难读出其心理语言为彼岸的受话人you , 其谓语动词不是quirk等所说的动词原形形式, 而是与心理语言的受话人you 相呼应的现在时态形式。句中宾语“the queen”乃此岸世界受话人的称谓, 属现实语言第二人称, 寥寥几言, 发话人的思绪往返天人之际, 经历着内部语言向外部语言的转换, 却始终保持着面对面的交际, 表达一种发自内心的、祈求上帝保佑现实受话人的强烈愿望。[8]这里所谓的成语性虚拟语气实质上是心理祈使句。[4](p51)我们的论述在大家面前便展现了一幅be 型虚拟语气、祈使语气、陈述语气实为一体的图景:语气 主语 谓语
be 型虚拟语气 you v 祈使语气 you v 陈述语气第二人称 you v
quirk等的所谓be 型虚拟语气的二大类与祈使句的形式完全一致, 语义亦无二致: “be 型虚拟语气”的主语或明或隐都是受话人, 即第二人称you;其谓语动词与祈使句总是相同的, 我们称之为一般现在时态第二人称形式。[4](p51)quirk 等[2](p155)也指出: “these(mandative subjunctive and formulaic subjunctive)are realized , like the imperative , by the base form of the verb.”可是传统语法学家却将这三为一体的形式分别划分为三种不同的语气语法范畴: 陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。这种“同一范畴内的同形异意”有悖语言学关于语法范畴的基本观点。
31were 型虚拟语气和过去时态
quirk等的were 型虚拟语气是一种假设, 它用在条件分句、让步分句和前面是祈愿动词如wish 的从属分句中。这种虚拟语气只限于用were 这一种形式, 它出现在动词be的第一人称和第三人称单数现在时中。[1] §3116这样, quirk 等将传统的含过去时态的所谓虚拟语气, 不论是行为动词的-ed 形式, 还是be 动词的was , 还是情态助动词的过去式都归为或陈述语气范畴, 或祈使语气范畴, 或情态词范畴, 并非虚拟语气。同时quirk等[1] §11132还指明: “事实上, 对表达假设条件来说, 用陈述语气和虚拟语气都可以, 而在正式的书面英语中更多采用虚拟语气的形式。”可知, 陈述句也可以表达假设意义。我们知道“时”(tense)是个语法范畴, 它是表示时间区别的动词形式。[9](p160)“过去时”, 顾名思义, 当然表示过去时间。可是在语言实际操作中, 人们却被告知“时态”与“时间”本不一一对应, 过去时也可以表示现在时间或者将来时间, 即非过去时间。[10](p64)如:(16)i saw a film last night.(17)if he lived with us now we would be much happier.(18)i wondered if you could do that for me.lyons[11](p71836)沈家煊[14](p17-24)虚化的结果是进一步提高了were 的使用频率, 却降低了was的使用。由于were 的高使用率, quirk等将过去虚拟语气中的were 看作是普通的过去时形式,[1] §11132与be 动词以外的所有动词的过去时态采用不分人称和数的单一式是一
致的, 换言之, 那分人称和数的was 便被看作了特殊的过去时形式,[4](p51)只用于比较非正式的语体中, 往往被当作陈述句。而且, 在were 型虚拟语气中, were 之所以取代was 出现在动词be的第一人称和第三人称单数现在时中, 是因为“if i were you , „.”这样类似的语句是显然违反事实的假设。因此, 笔者认为: quirk 等之所以对were 情有独钟是因为语法化了的were 所包蕴的内涵远远大于was。动词were 除了表达时间方面的距离, 还表达与真实性方面的距离和语法对称方面的距离。[15] 五.结束语 综上所述, quirk等的所谓be 型虚拟语气的二类与祈使句的主谓形式是完全一致的;所谓的were 型虚拟语气实质为陈述句过去时态表与真实性方面的距离性, 我们赞成易仲良教授关于否定虚拟语气的观点。如果我们承认虚拟语气就等于承认相同语法形式可以表示处于相互对立关系的同类语法意义, 也就等于承认同一范畴内表示某一语法意义的形式可以脱离自身的意义而成为另一对立语法意义的标志, 这显然有悖语言学关于语法范畴地基本原则。求简、求易是理性人类不懈追求的目标。既然“虚拟语气”与祈使句或陈述句的相似形式可能给人们带来识别或理解上的麻烦, 人们就有理由冷落它。因此, 我们否定“虚拟语气”从理论上是毋庸置疑的, 从语言现象的解释方面是入情入理的, 从实际运用上更有利于我们的英语教学。
第二篇：英语语法教案第三章(虚拟语气定稿)
虚拟语气
第一部分：语气的定义和种类 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类
陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。May you succeed!祝您成功！
虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分：虚拟语气的用法
I.简单句中虚拟语气的用法
一、动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表示祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。May good luck be yours!祝你好运！May you be happy!祝你快乐！
May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。May you be happy.(注意那个be)祝你幸福。
2、用动词原形。例如：
(1)Long live the people!人民万岁！
(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”
(3).Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快！
3、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）(1).God save me．(2).Heaven help us．
第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气
I.宾语从句中的虚拟语气
一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
1、表示与现在的事实相反，wish后宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。1)I wish(that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)2)I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)3).I wish I were a bird.但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)4).When she was at the party, she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5).Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)6).When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(事实上并不和我们在一起)
2、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：Wish后宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：
1）I wish(that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)2）He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)3）We wished he had spoken to us.(事实上他并没同我们讲)4）I wish you had called earlier.(事实上已迟了)5）They will wish they had listened to us sooner.(事实上并不如此)例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A.could have slept B.slept C.might have slept D.have slept 动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A（could have slept）是答案
3）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：
如果wish表示对将来事情的愿望。宾语从句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。
1）.I wish it would stop raining.我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)2）.I wish you would be quiet 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)3）.You wished she would arrive the next day.你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)4）.I wish she would change her mind.我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)5）.He will wish we would join him the following week.(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)注意：.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如： I wished I hadn't spent so much money.我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。
2.如果wish后宾语 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 I wish he would answer my letter.I wish prices would come down.I wish you would help me.I wish you would stop asking silly questions.二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法
由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：
表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order, command, demand 表示“主张”的：maintain, urge 表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist 例如：
1.The doctor suggested that he(should)try to lose his weight.2.He insisted that we(should)tell him the news.3.When I suggested that he(should)try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job.”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work.(他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。)
三、在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。
I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。
四、在would rather，would sooner，had rather，would(just)as soon，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法
would rather , would sooner, had rather, would(just)as soon，would prefer（希望）也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示”宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。
(1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today.(2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.(3).I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.(4).The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office．经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。
(7).To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case．坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。
(8).You don't have to be in such a hurry．I would rather you went on business first．你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。
(9).I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being．我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。
(10).Frankly speaking，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being．坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。
(11).Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early？为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢？(12).I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday．我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。注：若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形 I would rather stay at home today． would rather．．．than．．．中用动词原形 I would rather stay at home than go out today．
II：主语从句中的虚拟语气
一、“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that„„”结构中的虚拟语气的用法
在“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that„„”结构中，某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句中的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形（美国英语中省去should）常用的形容词： natural(自然的), appropriate(适当的), advisable(合适的), preferable(更可取的), better(更好的)，necessary(必须的), important(重要的), imperative(急需的), urgent(急迫的), essential(本质的), vital(必不可少的)probable(很可能的), possible(可能的)，desirable(极好的)，advisable（合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），incredible（惊人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。
常用的过去分词(Past Participle): required(需要的), demanded(要求), requested(被请求的), desired(要求)，suggested(建议), recommended(推荐)，ordered(命令)1.It is necessary that we(should 可省略, 下同)have a walk now.2 It was necessary that we(should)make everything ready ahead of time.3.It is required that nobody(should)smoke here.(表示要求不要在此抽烟)4.It is important that every pupil(should)be able to understand the rule of school.(表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)5.It's important that we(should)take good care of the patient.6.It is natural that she should do so.7.It is essential that these application forms（should）be sent back as early as possible． 这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。
8.It is vital that enough money（should）be collected to fund the project． 重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。
9.It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening． 希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。
注：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。
10.I don't think it advisable that Tom（should）be assigned to the job since he has no experiences.汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。
二、在It is ＋名词＋that„的主语从句中的虚拟语气
在It is ＋名词＋that的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，motion，order，pity，proposal, recommendation，requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad．我建议派他去国外进一步学习。III.虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中
当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有：
demand(要求), desire(请求), requirement(要求), advice(劝告), recommendation(建议), suggestion(建议)order(命令)necessity(必要地), preference(优先)proposal(计划), plan(计划), idea(办法)，recommendation等。
We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off．我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。
The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone．由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。
The advice is that we(should 可省略，下同)leave at once.My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.IV.虚拟语气用在It is（about ／high）time ＋that定语从句中 在It is（about／high）time ＋that从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“该做„„的时候了”，其动词形式用一般过去时或should ＋动词原形。
It's already 5 o'clock now．Don't you think it's about time we went home？现在已经5点钟了，你不认为我们应该回家了吗？
注：在this is the first time ／second time that．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。例如：
Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？这是你第一次参观香港吗？ V.虚拟语气用在as if（as though）引导的方式状语从句中。
（一）在as if（as though）引导的方式状语从句中，常用虚拟语气，其动词形式与wish后接宾语从句中的形式相同。Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman．艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人一样。2 He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设）
3．The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)那老人看着照片，他觉得仿佛回到20年前了。
4。They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形动词meet，表示与将来事实相反)他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。
（二）虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中。
在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免” 等意思，其谓语动词多由should＋动词原形构成，should也可省略。
He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。VI、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法： 条件从句有两类：（1）真实条件句；（2）虚拟条件句。如果假设情况有可能发生的，就是“真实条件句”。如： If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。)如果假设的情况与事实相反，则为“虚拟条件句”。如：
If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。）
这种句子一般由“从句”（Subordinate Clause）和“主句”(Main Clause)组成。如上例：
If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.“If it had rained yesterday” 就是“从句”；“we would have stayed at home” 则为主句。无论从句或主句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。它们所用的动词有三种时态(Tenses)，就是： 现在时态、过去时态、将来时态。
.一、与现在事实相反的假设(事情的发生都在同一时间内): 从句中用：if + 主语 + 动词的过去式(be 用 were)主句中用：主语 + would(should, could , might)+ 动词原形
例如：1.If I were you, I would go with him.2.If I were you, I should buy it.3.If I had time, I would study French.(如果有时间，我会学习法文。)（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形 study）
4.If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.(如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask)注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用：“主语 + would be + 进行式动词 ” 5.If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.(从句用过去式动词were, 主句用 would be speaking)
二、与过去事实相反的假设(假设从句的事实为过去的事)： 从句用：If + 主语 + had +过去完成式动词
主句用：主语 + would(should, could, might)+ have +过去完成式动词 +„„ 1.If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.(从句动词用had studied, 主句动词用have passed)如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。
2.If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.(从句动词用had taken, 主句动词用have failed)如果你当时听从我的劝告的话，你就不会在考试中失败了。
3.If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(从句动词用had got up, 主句动词用 have caught)如果你起身得早一点，你就会赶得上火车了。
4.If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.(从句动词用had snowed, 主句动词用 have skied)如果下雪的话，我就可在公园里滑雪了。
注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用：“主语 + would + have + 完成进行式动词 5.If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.(从句动词用had been, 主句动词用 have been speaking)
三、与将来的事实可能相反(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)： 句：If + 主语 + should(或were)+ 动词原形 +„„
句：主语 + would(could, should, might)+ 动词原形 +„„ 1.If it should rain, the crops would be saved.(从句动词用should rain，主句动词用 be)如果天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。
2.If he were to go tomorrow, he might tell you.(从句动词用were to, 主句动词用 tell)如果明天他走的话，他可能会告诉你。
3.If he were here, I would give him the books.(从句动词用 were, 主句动词用 give)如果他在这儿，我可能会把书给他。
注意：如果动作在进行中，从句(不是主句喔)要用：”If + 主语 + 过去进行式动词+„„“ 4.If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.(从句动词用 were staying, 主句动词用 let)如果她现在留在这儿，我可能会让她骑我的马。
从句的 If 有时可省略，那么从句中的动词(were, had, should)就得移到主语前面： 1.原句：If she were younger, she would do it.去If：Were she younger, she would do it.(把动词were移到主语she的前面)2.原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)
四、错综条件句（混合型条件句）中虚拟语气的用法有时虚拟条件句的从句和主句的动词动作时态会不一致：
（一）从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.（二）从句表示将来，主句表示过去：
If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.（三）从句表示过去，主句表示将来： If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.（四）从句表示将来，主句表示现在：
If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.（五）省略了条件句的虚拟语气的用法（隐含型条件句）
有时候句中省略了条件句，而用 without / but for / in the absence of ”要不是“、”如果没有"，表示条件虚拟句：
1.Without air, nothing could live.要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。
2.But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。
3.In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。
The exercises for subjunctive mood
1.He acted ____ he had never lived in China before.a.as though b.even if c.as d.since 2.____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.a.If he went b.Were he gone c.Should he have gone d.Had he gone 3.If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday.a.will allow b.should allow c.would have allowed d.had allowed 4.The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once.a.had brought b.should have brought c.brought d.bring 5.I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night.a.was b.were c.had been d.should be 6.If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.a.arrived/would catch b.arrived/would have caught c.had arrived/had caught d.had arrived/would have caught 7.If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him.a.had b.had had c.have had d.would have 8.He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.a.would come b.came c.would have come d.had come 9.The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away.a.would be arrested b.must be arrested c.be arrested d.had to be arrested 10.Jane's uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer.a.not staying b.not to stay c.that he not stay d.staying not 11.Don't touch the sleeping tiger.If he woke up, he _____ you.a.would come to b.would come at c.would have come toward d.will come to 12.Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.a.is b.will be c.would have been d.would be 13.How I wish I ____ to repair the watch!I only made it worse.a.had tried b.hadn't tried c.have tried d.didn't try 14.He demanded that the laboratory report ___ immediately after the experiment was done.a.was written b.be written c.must be written d.would be written 15.The man insisted that he _____ there.a.should send b.would be sent c.sent d.be sent 16.If he had not gone out in the storm _____.a.he will be alive now b.he would be alive now c.he would have been alive now 17.If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do? a.rains b.were to rain c.would rain d.rain 18.It is required that you ____ at six.a.will arrive b.arrive c.arrived d.would arrive 19.If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.a.had known b.would know c.should know d.knew 20.He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _____.a.was far away b.had been far away c.were far away d.went far away.21.If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet.a.is to, should b.were to, would c.were going to, would d.was going to, should 22.If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.a.had listened, would have known b.listened, would know c.listened, would have known d.had listened, would know 23.But for the party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.a.would have died b.would die c.must have died d.must die 24.___ today, he would got there for holiday.a.Was he leaving b.Were he to leave c.Would he leave d.If he leaves 25.I would have come earlier, but I ___ that you were waiting for me.a.didn’t know b.hadn’t know c.would have known d.haven’t known 26.It’s high time that we ___ to school.a.would to b.went c.go d.will go 27.It seems as if it ___ rain.a.will b.is going to c.is to d.were going to 28.I’d rather you ___ right away.a.leave b.left c.will leave d.to leave 29.He is working hard for fear that he ___.a.fails b.failed c.would fail d.fail 30.It is really strange that the girl ___ so early.a.has been married b.has married c.be married d.would marry 31.Supposing I ___ this gift, what would he say? a.accept b.accepted c.should accept d.would accept 32.The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam.a.give b.should give c.be given d.would be given 33.I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ___ your birthday party.a.attended b.had attended c.would attend d.would have attended 34.He insisted that he ___ me before.a.see b.should see c.had seen d.saw 35.The two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years.a.were b.would be c.have been d.had been 36.We ___ our lives had it not been for the policeman.a.would have lost b.should lose c.might lose d.could have lost 37.----I thought you would come back tomorrow.----I would if I ___ to attend a meeting.a.don’t have b.didn’t have c.will not have d.would not have 38.He wishes ___ mistakes.a.he doesn’t always make b.he isn’t always making c.he didn’t always make d.he wouldn’t always making 39.It ___ very nice if only it were possible.a.will be b.would be c.is d.were 40.Without your help, our team ___ the last match.a.won’t win b.will lose c.wouldn’t have won d.can’t win 41.I wish ___ I what to do.a.knew b.have known c.know d.would know 42.___, I would take an umbrella with me.a.Had I been you b.I were you c.Were I you d.I had been you 43.If I had hurried, I ___ the train.a.would catch b.could catch c.would have caught d.had caught 44.He insisted that John ___ it.a.do b.does c.did d.would do 45.It is high time we ___ off.a.are b.were c.be d.will be 46.He felt as if he ___ more time to study for the test.a.needs b.were needed c.needed d.need 47.It is important that I ___ with Mr.Willians immediately.a.speak b.spoke c.will speak d.to speak 48.James wishes he ___ the football game instead of the film.a.saw b.see c.had been seen d.had seen 49.I wish ___.a.he left b.he leaves me alone c.he be left d.he would leave me alone 50.If I had known that, I ___ so.a.wouldn’t do b.wouldn’t have done c.won’t do d.have not done 51.The doctor suggested that she ___.a.will not smoke b.not smoke c.would not smoke d.did not smoke 52.If I ___ you, I wouldn’t return the call.a.be b.am c.was d.were 53.You talk as if you ___ there.a.were really b.has really been c.had really been d.would really be 54.He suggested that the work ___ at once.a.would started b.would be started c.should started d.should be started 55.It is strange that such a thing ___ in your school.a.will happen b.happen c.should happen d.happened 56.It is imperative that you ___ on time.a.are b.will be c.be d.would be 57.I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ___ there.a.was b.were c.had been d.went 58.It is time we ___ up our results.a.sum b.summed c.will sum d.would sum 59.If the doctor had been available, the child ___.a.would not die b.would not have died c.could not die d.could not have died 60.Dr.Bethune worked hard as if he ___.a.never had felt tired b.had never felt tired c.never felt tired d.was tired never 61.I enjoyed the movie very much.I wish I ___ the book from which it was made.a.have read b.had read c.should have read d.am reading 62.You are late.If you ___ a few minutes earlier, you ___ him.a.came/ would meet b.had come/ would have met c.come/ will meet d.had come/ would met 63.I wish my husband ___ as well as yours.a.had dressed b.dress c.will dress d.dressed 64.Edison kept phosphorus carefully in a bottle lest it ___.a.would burn b.burned c.was burning d.should burn 65.He looked as if he ___ ill for a long time.a.was b.were c.has been d.had been 66.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child ___.a.would not have been lied there for two hours b.would not have laid there for two hours c.would not have lied there for two hours d.would not have lain there for two hours 67.I wish that I ___ with you last night.a.went b.could go c.have gone d.could have gone 68.Let’s say you could go there again, how ___ feel? a.will you b.should you c.would you d.do you 69.Mr.Brown left for London long ago.That’s pity.I wish ___.a.I meet him.b.I’ll have met him c.I’d had met him d.I’d meet him 70.I can’t stand him.He always talks as though he ___ everything.a.knew b.knows c.has known d.had known 71.I wish I ___.a.will tell him that b.didn’t tell him that c.told him not that d.had not told him that 72.If you had told me in advance, I ___ him at the airport.a.would meet b.would had meet c.would have met d.would have meet 73.Kunar can take his car apart and put it back together again.I certainly wish he ___ me how.a.teaches b.will teach c.has taught d.would teach 74.I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I ___ so busy then.a.had been b.were c.was d.would be 75.I wish I ___ able to tell him all about it last night.a.should be b.were c.had been d.was 76.If it ___ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.a.had rained b.would had rained c.have seen c.did see 77.He suggested that they ___ use a trick instead of fighting.a.should b.would c.do d.had 78.My father did not go to New York;the doctor suggested that he ___ there.a.not went b.won’t go c.not go d.not to go 79.I would have gone to the meeting if I ___ time.a.had had b.have had c.had d.would have had 80.John wished ___.a.he will study more b.he had studied more c.he studies d.he won’t have studied more 81.You look so tired tonight.It is time you ___.a.go to sleep b.went to sleep c.go to bed d.went to bed 82.“Why didn’t you buy a new car?” “I would have bought one if I ___ enough money.” a.had b.have had c.would have d.had had 83.I recommended that the student ___ his composition as soon as possible.a.finishing writing b.should finish the writing c.finish writing d.finished writing 84.If she could sew, ___.a.she make a dress b.she would have made a shirt c.she will make a shirt d.she would had made a coat 85.___ today, he would get there by Friday.a.Would he leave b.Was he leaving c.Were he to leave d.If he leaves 86.His doctor suggested that he ___ a short trip abroad.a.will take b.would take c.take d.took 87.The Bakers arrived last night, if they’d only let us know earlier, ___ at the station.a.we’d meet them b.we’ll meet them c.we’d have met them d.we’ve met them 88.If I __ you, I ___ more attention to English idioms and phrases.a.was/ shall pay b.am/ will pay c.would be/ would pay d.were/ would pay 89.We might have failed if you ___ us a helping hand.a.have not given b.would not give c.had not given d.did not give 90.The Law requires that everyone ___ his car checked at least once a year.a.has b.had c.have d.will have 91.I wish ___ I busy yesterday;I could have helped you with the problem.a.hadn’t been b.weren’t c.wasn’t d.have not been 92.Had I known her name, ___.a.or does she know mine? b.and where does she live? c.she would be beautiful d.I would have invited her to lunch 93.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ___ all about that.a.know b.knows c.known d.knew 94.If I ___ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.a.possessed b.owned c.had d.had had 95.I wish I ___ a young man again.a.am b.was c.were d.will be 96.The librarian insists that John ___ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed.a.will take b.took c.take d.takes 97.I left very early last night, but I wish I ___ so early.a.didn’t b.hadn’t left c.haven’t left d.couldn’t leave 98.I do not have a job.I would find one but I ___ no time.a.had b.didn’t have c.had had d.have 99.I wish that you ___ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.a.hadn’t b.didn’t have had c.hadn’t had d.hadn’t have 100.He insisted that we all ___ in his office at one o’clock.a.be b.to be c.would be d.shall be 101.Helen couldn’t got to France after all.That’s too bad, I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if ___.a.she’s gone b.she’ll go c.she’d gone d.she’d go 102.I must go there earlier.John has suggested that I ___ an hour before the discussion begins.a.go b.shall go c.will go d.would go 103.If her husband had not liked the dress ___.a.she would be delighted b.he would get mad c.she would have returned it d.she must have taken it back to the store 104.If I ___ you, I ___ worry.a.were/ wouldn’t b.was/ wouldn’t c.been/ would have d.be/ would 105.We ___ delighted if the report ___ true.a.were/ were b.shall be/ were c.should be/ were d.were/ would be 106.If he ___ here, he ___ you.a.had been/ would have helped b.would have been/ should have helped b.were/ had helped d.would have been/ would had helped 107.If I ___ so busy, I ___ the lecture that day.a.were not be/ should attend b.should not/ should have attend c.was not/ would attend d.had not been/ would have attended 108.If I ___ the way to New York, I ___.a.knew / would drive b.knew/ will drive c.knew/ would have drive d.had known/ would drive 109.But for the leadership of our Party, we ___.a.shouldn’t succeed b.could not have succeed c.will not succeed d.should not have succeeded 110.You ___ the train if you ___ a little earlier.a.could take/ started b.could have taken/ had started c.could take/ had started d.could have taken / started
Key to the subjunctive mood exercises: 1.a 2.d 3.c 4.d 5.c 6.d 7.b 8.c 9.c 10.c 11.b 12.d 13.b 14.b 15.d 16.c 17.b 18.b 19.d 20.b 21.b 22.d 23.a 24.b 25.a 26.b 27.b 28.b 29.d 30.c 31.b 32.c 33.d 34.c 35.d 36.a 37.b 38.c 39.b 40.c 41.a 42.c 43.c 44.a 45.b 46.c 47.a 48.d 49.d 50.b 51.b 52.d 53.c 54.d 55.c 56.c 57.c 58.b 59.b 60.b 61.b 62.b 63.d 64.d 65.d 66.d 67.d 68.c 69.c 70.a 71.d 72.c 73.d 74.c 75.c 76.a 77.a 78.c 79.a 80.b 81.d 82.d 83.c 84.b 85.c 86.c 87.c 88.d 89.c 90.c 91.a 92.d 93.d 94.d 95.c 96.c 97.b 98.d 99.c 100.a 101.c 102.a 103.c 104.a 105.c 106.a 107.d 108.a 109.d 110.b
第三篇：高考英语语法讲解——虚拟语气教案
虚拟语气
一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
1.和现在的事实相反
从句：一般过去时（were/done）；主句：过去将来时（would do）
E.g.：I am not free today.If I ___free today, I __ and visit some of my friends.2.和过去的事实相反
从句：过去完成时（had done）；主句：过去完成时（would have done）E.g.：If my lawyer ___ here last Saturday, he __ me from going.3.和将来的事实相反
从句：①were to + 动词原形 ②should +动词原形 ③动词过去式； 主句should/would/could/might +动词原形
E.g.：If I were to see Tom, what ___ you ___ me to tell him?
二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如:
1)与现在事实相反 : wish +(that)+ did(were)
E.g.：I wish I were as healthy as you.E.g.：I wish that I had a plane.2)与过去事实相反 : wish +(that)+ had done E.g.：I wish I had been to the concert last night.E.g.：I wish you had written to him.3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might + do E.g.：I wish he would forgive me.2.在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。一个坚持insist;两个命令order, command;三条建议suggest , advise, propose;四项要求demand, request, require, ask;另外有:prefer、recommend 注意: suggest表“暗示表明”时 insist表“坚持认为”时不用虚拟语气
E.g.：He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.E.g.：The doctor suggested that she(should)have an operation at once.*His face suggested that he had been punished by the teacher.三、主语从句中的虚拟语气
1.It be+过去分词+that…+(should)+动词原形+… 过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed E.g.: It is required that nobody(should)smoke here.E.g.: It’s suggested that everybody(should)buy a dictionary 2.It be+形容词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…
形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better,proper, funny, strange, surprising… E.g.: It is necessary that we(should)have a walk now.E.g.: It's important that we(should)take good care of the patient.3.It be+名词（a pity/a shame/ no wonder）that…+(should)+动词原形+…(表示惊异、懊悔、失望等情感)It is a regret that he(should)miss this golden chance.四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice ,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
E.g.: My suggestion is that we(should)leave at once.E.g.: I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.五、状语从句中的虚拟语气
1、用在由as if, as though引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用would + 动词原形。E.g.: It seems as if the man were his brother.E.g.: This device operated as though it had been repaired.2.用在lest, for fear that和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用(should)+动词原形 E.g.: She closed the windows lest she catch cold.六、其他句式
1、It’s(high/low)time 从句：
It is(high)time that从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。E.g.: It is time that the children went to bed.E.g.: It is high time that the children should go to bed.2、一些介词短语
But for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded.Nothing could live without the sun.3、比较if only与only if only if 表示“只有”；
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.if only 则表示“如果……就好了”。其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时。If only I knew more.If only the alarm clock had rung.七、虚拟语气难点
1、错综虚拟与隐含虚拟
错综虚拟：If you hadn’t bought the ticket last week, how would you go now? 隐含虚拟：情境中提供虚拟语气
Suppose there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped.She wasn’t feeling very well.Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（连词）I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（连词）Given more time, we could have done it better.（分词短语）… … Such mistakes could have been avoided.（通过上下文）
2、倒装
①.Were it(=If it were)not for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.②.Had I(=If I had)known about it, I would have told you.③.Should anyone(=If anyone should)call, please take a message.DDDDB DDDB
第四篇：高中英语语法教学反思
高中英语语法教学反思
黄秀珍
高中英语语法教学，是困扰广大师生的一个难题。语法是一门语言的使用规则，在语言学习中，学习语法是基础，而且使我们增长知识，开阔视野。教师在教授语法知识时，更要充分激发他们的兴趣，提高语言运用的能力。把英语语法的学习变成学生学习的英语的中最有吸引力的部分。
那么，高中教师怎样教授语法知识呢？我们不防就两种教学方法进行一下对比，传统的语法教学采用演绎法。即教师把语法规律按照一定摸式呈现给学生。例如教师在讲授虚拟语气这一语法现象时，首先把语法规则板书：
一、什么是虚拟语气。
二、由if引导的虚拟条件句中，从句谓语用过去时，be动词用were,主句谓语用would（could，should，might）do。随后，教师分别举了几个含有虚拟语气的句子。最后教师让学生进行练习。这种演绎的教学方法受到批判的因素是：
1、教师 “不累”。即教师从备课到教学，几乎少动脑筋。教学方式比较守旧和僵化。
2、学生 “机械”。即学生被动而机械地接受语法知识死记条条框框。这和高中生活跃的思维和年龄特征是格格不入的。
3、课堂 “死水一潭”。因为演绎法以教师的说为主，缺乏师生互动关系，导致课堂气氛不活跃。这会使学生失去学习的兴趣。
与演绎法相对的是归纳法。归纳法与演绎法全然不同，即经过老师的启发，学生自己发现规律，总结规律。同是在讲授虚拟语气，首先教师口头造了一个句子：If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.（假如我是一只鸟，我就在天空中飞翔。）“此时学生好生奇怪：主语是I，be 动词却用were，通常情况下是用am或was。于是大家疑惑一阵就纷纷发言了：老师，怎么用were，是不是弄错了。这样，教师就把学生的好奇心和学习兴趣调动起来了。课堂气氛也非常活跃。随后老师进行解释：这就是虚拟语气的句式结构要注意谓语动词的变化。教师再举几个例子让学生探究和合作学习。最后，教师对学生进行有意义的练习。于是学生对虚拟语气这一语法现象有了一个全面而深刻的认识。这就是归纳的教学法。这种教学方法符合新教材教学特点，归纳法使教师不得不大大增加自己的知识，而且进行充分的备课。“备课”甚至可以认为是“想课”。思考怎样教好 1 学生，让学生在学习英语语法时，如何做到深入浅出，通俗易懂。思考的过程，是一个花时间和精力过程。一个聪明睿智的教师，会把更多的精力花在备课上。
在注意语法导入的同时，让学生全方位学习英语语法也是更加重要的。结合新课程教育理念，突出一个“新”字，要成功进行高中英语语法教学应做到以下七点：
1、提醒学生预习。预习是课堂教学的前奏，是一种有效的接受知识的手段。是一种让学生把瞬时记忆转变为长时记忆的一种方法。在导入一个新语法之前，把预习当作让学生必做的家庭作业。
2、注意传授语法知识的量度。例如在传授“定语从句”这一语法知识时，它涉及的内容多而杂，教师不可能在一节课全部让学生融会贯通，“填满”为止。在第一课时，教师只需讲定语从句的概念、结构、以及关系代词which, that, who, whom;关系副词where , when, why 至于关系代词和关系副词的具体用法和特殊用法，可在下几节课中去讲解。
3、注意反复。讲完一个语法知识点后，教师要在课堂上让学生反复练习，从而唤起学生的记忆。
4、在语法练习中让学生体验成功感。这体现在作业和测验的设计上。学生掌握什么，教师就让他们做这方面的作业。学生会什么，教师就测验什么。让学生体验了成功感，当然他们就对这种语法现象充满自信，从而为以后更深层次的知识学习打下良好的基础。
5、注意学生的异体性。“异体性”即个体差异。教师对不同层次的学生，要采用不同的传授方法和指导方法。练习难易要适当，要使每一个学生在课堂上都学有所得。
6、注意提问时的辅助与提示。无论是在提问，练习或是表演当中，教师都应给予学生适当的提示，让他们连续正确地把内容表达出来。而不是去中止或是打断或是过早评判学生是否具有回答这个问题的能力。
7、激发学生的兴趣。首先，我们应明白英语是一门语言，只有在应用中才能提高语言能力。教师在课后把刚学过的语法应用到交谈中去。在练习当中巧设问题情境，避免学生机械练习，进行有针对性、实效性的练习。
在英语教学中要达到拓展学生创新思维的目的，我必须把新的教育理念渗透到每一个教学环节中，这样高中语法教学上才会找到新的出路。“没有教不会的学生，只有教不好的老师。”，我深信：只要每位教师在高中语法教学上多动脑筋，大胆创新，一切问题都会迎刃而解的。
第五篇：高中英语语法教学反思
高中英语语法教学反思
随着新课程改革的进行，语法教学的改革也已经提上日程，传统的灌输式教育大大挫伤了学生学习语法的热情，所以传统的语法教学方法早该退出历史舞台。教师必须探究如何把语法教学向高效、有趣、实用的方向转变。
一、学习本身是艰苦而又漫长的过程，更是提高和深化的过程。传统的语法教学是首先讲很多很多规则，然后举例验证那些规则，学生觉得唯一可以提高语法的方法就是熟记语法规则，背诵典型句子。如此学生的一天变得异常枯燥乏味。如今，语法教学正在转变，不再是老师一味的灌输各个语法规则，而是老师设置情景，让学生自己发现新的语法现象，然后让学生自己总结新的语法现象该怎么运用才算正确。如此，学生更加有成就感，而且以这种方法学到的内容也不容易忘记。
二、将语法教学与阅读结合。如果把语法教学放在阅读过程中，就能让学生发现，思考，分析遇到的语法现象，加深对这些语法现象的理解。如，教师在教授动词过去时态和过去进行时，可以让学生看一篇文章：Last week I went to the theater.I had a very seat.The play was very interesting.I didn’t enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned around.I looked at them.They didn’t pay any attention.In the end I could not bear it.I turned around again.I couldn’t hear a word.I said angrily.The young man said that it was none of my business.He said that it was their private conversation.然后让他们说出遇到的新语法现象，同时教师可以给出一些词或词组last Sunday in the morning do home work in the afternoon play basketball in the evening watch TV surf the Internet go to be等，让学生描述他们怎样度过上个星期日的，最后教师让学生把描述的句子写在作业本上。通过阅读语法教学活动既能让学 生学习语法知识，又能提高学生的表达能力，写作，阅读能力。
三、老师设疑不正。平行班的学生设置问题和解决问题的能力比较差。所以老师可以循序渐进的给学生提供问题，再让学生自己逐步解决问题。最后引导学生将已经设置的和已经解决的问题进行归纳总结。这样也可以提高大家学习的积极性。
四、不要忘记表扬学生。任何人都需要表扬，尤其是正在学习的学生。老师不能只看考试成绩，要看学生本身的能力和水平，如果他有了进步，应该及时鼓励和激励。随堂的表扬可以大大增加学生的学习积极性。
总之，高中英语语法教学的改革还有很长的路要走，我们必须让我们的学生走出传统语法学习方法。让他们发现语法学习的乐趣，让他们爱学、爱思考、有进步、有成就。
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