北京胡同英文导游词

第一篇：北京胡同英文导游词

胡同，也叫“里弄（lòng）”“巷弄”“巷”，是指城镇或乡村里主要街道之间的、比较小的街道，一直通向居民区的内部。它是沟通当地交通不可或缺的一部分。根据道路通达情况，胡同分为死胡同和活胡同。小编为你整理了北京胡同英文导游词，希望对你有所参考帮助。

Good morning，Ladies and Gentlemen：Welcome to Beijing，and welcome to today's Hutong tour！First of all，I would like to start with the term“Hutong”，H-U-T-O-N-G what does Hutong mean？

According to experts，the word Hutong originated from Mongolian language meaning“Well”.In ancient times，people tended to gather and live around wells.So the original meaning of Hutong should be“a place where people gather and live.” Nobody knows exactly how many Hutongs there are in nowadays Beijing.But one thing is for sure，if we connected all the Hutongs together，their total length would even be longer than the famous Great wall，which is about 4000 miles longer.Today you can find various Hutongs with different shapes，lengths or directions.The shortest one is only 40 centimeters wide, And some Hutongs have more than 20 turns.As we walk through the Hutongs，you may find most of them look almost the same with gray-colored walls and bricks.Actually inside those walls are the courtyard houses，where people live.In Chinese we call them“siheyuan”.The gate building of each Siheyuan is the only thing that we can see along the Hutongs.Chinese people used to try to protect their privacy from being intruded by strangers.So the gate building，in old times，was a symbol to show the position of each house owner.look at thtis one nest door，it has the lion design，because that owner used to be a military officer.Interesting？

Now let's see the doorway.Almost every doorway has a threshold，that high step over there.For what reason they put a big step at the door？You know Chinese people believe all the evil spirits are short.They can not jump over high steps.So the threshold is actually for warding off evil spirits.In old times，transportation was not as convenient as today，so street vendors played a very important role in Hutong life.They wandered from lane to lane selling various goods or providing all kind of services.People could judge the goods or services from their peddling or the sounds of their special instruments.The food they sold usually include baked pancakes，seasoned millet mush，or Youzhaguo，a kind of deep-fried twisted dough sticks，and all kinds of vegetables.But now，with modern life all around，it's hard for people to hear the traditional melodious hawking.Look at the crowd sitting over there！What do you think they are doing？Talking about Vic Tanny？Oprah's？Or just gossiping？Any ideas？Let's go and see！

Oh，they are building a new Great Wall.But their bricks are Chinese Mahjong！A very popular pastime among the Hutong people，especially among the senior citizens who have retired.The main attraction of Hutong life is friendly and interpersonal communication.Children living in one courtyard play together and grow up together like one big family.We want to save it as a treasure to show our later generations what Beijing used to be like.OK.Time files.It's almost the end of the tour.Today，through our Hutong tour，I hope you are not only happy with what you have seen but also get a better understanding of the culture and people in the Hutong area.Thank you for your attention，and hope you enjoy the rest of the tour in China！

翻译：

女士们先生们，早上好：

欢迎你们来到北京，欢迎你们参加胡同游。首先，我将从“胡同”一词说起。专家认为，“胡同”这个词来源于蒙古语，意思是“井”。古时候人们生活和聚集在井的周围，所以“胡同”一词的本意应是“人们生活聚集的地方”。不管它确切意思如何，有一点是可以肯定的，胡同在北京第一次出现是在元朝。

今天我们看到的大多数胡同是明清两代产物，没有人能够确切的说出北京有多少胡同。但有一点很清楚，如果将各个胡同连接起来，总长度超过著名的万里长城。

今天您可以发现不同形状、长度和方向的胡同。最短的胡同只有10米长，最窄的胡同仅40厘米宽，也就是说象我这样的身材需要侧身走才能穿过胡同，还有些胡同有20多个弯。当我们进入胡同时，您也许发现几乎所有的墙和砖都是灰色的。其实，在这些墙的后面就是居民的家，我们称其为“四合院”。在胡同中我们只能看见四合院的大门。古时候的中国人不希望有陌生人来打扰，因此从大门的样子就可以看出主人的身份和地位。例如这个门，又高又大，门檐有砖雕装饰。仔细看它的图案，李子花和竹子，这意味着这里的主人曾是侍奉皇帝左右的王公大臣。看旁边的门，有狮子的图案，这说明这里曾住着武官。有趣吧？让我们看看门口中，几乎每个门口都有一条横木，它的作用是驱邪避难。民间传说小鬼很矮，他们无法跳过高的台阶，所以设此横木。

过去，交通不象现在这样发达，街头小贩在胡同中起到重要作用，他们往来于胡同间，贩卖各种货品或提供各种服务。人们可以从不同的叫卖声中辨别他们要卖什么或提供什么样的服务。他们卖的食品主要是煎饼、小米粥、油炸果、油条和一些蔬菜。理发师则不需要吆喝，他只需要拿着理发工具做好本职工作即可。但是在现在，这里已是现代化生活氛围，已经很难听到老北京那清脆的叫卖声了。那边坐着一群人，你们知道他们正在做什么呢？他们在修新长城呢！他们使用的是最新的砖——麻将牌。它是非常流行的消遣方式，特别在退休的老年人中倍受青睐。胡同生活的最大魅力在于人与人之间的友好交往。孩子们在一起长大，如同一家人一样。因此，我国政府打算保护这一地区，没有政府批准，不得在这一地区拆盖高楼，为我们的子孙后代保留这份宝贵遗产。时间真快！我们就要结束今天的旅行了我希望您不仅大饱眼福，而且更了解胡同文化和这里的人们。如果有一天您再次来访，我将邀请您来我家做客。谢谢大家！希望大家尽情享受余下的中国之旅！

第二篇：北京胡同导游词

以目前通用的什刹海西岸、后海，鼓楼等三轮车路线为主要参考。这里是北京市划出的25个文化区中最大的一个，极有典型意义。

(开场白)

女士们、先生们：咱们今天下午的活动内容是逛胡同和参观四合院。胡同和四合院是历史上北京城的有机体，是组成社会的细胞，是老北京人休养生息、繁衍挣扎的地方，是北京城历史演进的的有力见证。我们想真正地了解北京人的生活，就得钻胡同，串四合院。

为了使大家游览中增加情趣，现在利用乘车的时间，向大家介绍一些有关胡同和四合院的知识。

(导游员可利用适当的时间，向客人们总述或分段介绍下面的内容)

女士们、先生们，大家千万不可小看北京的胡同和四合院，更不能把它们看成是仅供人们栖身住宿的地方，如果听我稍加讲解，就可发现，原来北京的胡同和四合院蕴藏着如此丰富的中华文化内涵!我先介绍一些有关“胡同”的知识。

(胡同一词的由来)

北京城内的胡同与繁华的大街比起来，确实有些不起眼，但是据专家们考证，明朝就有人对胡同进行研究了，至今已有了五六百年的研究史。胡同的写法明朝与现在不同，是将“胡同”二字，分别夹在“行”字的中间，如明嘉靖三十九年(1560)出版的《京师五城坊巷蘙集》中的“蘙”二字，就是典型的早期文献证明。明朝人对这种写法非常得意，说胡和同是“胡人大同”的意思，从表面上看具有“少数民族团结”的内涵，然而二字都夹在“行”字之间，就暗示着蒙古人(元朝统治者)早晚要走人的了。

历代众多的专家们曾从多角度对胡同一词进行考证，有的从音韵学角度，有的从字形发展角度，有的从方言角度……最后较集中的成果认为胡同一词原是蒙古语。本世纪40年代出版的《北京地名志》载，在蒙古，比村稍大的部落就叫胡同，也有专家说，胡同是蒙古语中“浩特”的音译。浩特即城镇，包括胡同。

原内蒙古大学副校长张清常先生的考证是较有说服力的。他认为胡同是蒙古语“Hottog”的音译，是水井的意思，有人译作“霍多”或“忽洞”，现在内蒙古仍有以此音命名的地方，如赛音忽洞(好井)、乌克忽洞(死井)、哈业忽洞(双井)等。北京地区一向以水井为中心，分布居民。

(胡同一词何时出现)

胡同一词既然来源于蒙古语，那么蒙古人统治北京地区的元大都时期，这个词有可能就出现了。果然，人们在元杂剧中发现了“胡同”一词。元代大戏曲家王实甫的《歌舞丽春室》杂剧中，就有“恰便以锦胡同”的唱词，在其他的元杂剧中也有类似发现，如“辞别了老母，俺串胡同去了”(《孟母三移》)、“我家住在砖塔胡同”(《沙门岛张生煮海》)……戏中的砖塔胡同即现在西四丁字街南有座七级砖塔的那条胡同。

既然元代才出现胡同这个词，而北京却是一座具有3000多年历史的古城，人们可能会问，元代以前，北京地区的街巷叫什么呢?回答很简单的，那时的北京地区是按古代传下来的旧制，叫做街、巷、坊、里等。这一点从宣武区的地名中可得到证实。因为宣武区的历史早于内城。换句话说是先有宣武区(古蓟城)，后有内城区(元大都)，所以宣武区中现在叫胡同的地名相对要少，而以坊、巷、里、街等为地名的较多，如南横街、白纸坊、华康里、清泉巷等。

(有因可循的胡同名称)

一些外地朋友或外国客人对北京五花八门的胡同名称表示不可思议，耳朵眼、椅子背、豆芽菜、象鼻子坑、焖葫芦罐、石老娘、王寡妇、大脚、臭皮等，都是胡同名，令人不得要领，不如其他的大城市，如上海、天津等，用地名或事件作为该市地名，或称道，或称路，让人一目了然。其实北京的地名也是有其内在联系的，只是没引起人们的注意罢了。如果稍加分析，不难发现，北京的这些地名都与人们的生活或社会现象有关。之所以人们觉得它们如此五花八门、杂乱无章，主要是因为这些名称出现的时间有先后，社会现象复杂造成的。总的来说，北京的这些胡同名称是自然形成的，并非出于行政命令，统一规划，而且是源于生活。

北京圆明园导游词 ·北京故宫导游词参考 ·北京明十三陵导游词 ·北京八达岭长城导游词

(新城出现时，胡同无名称)

公元13世纪的1267～1285年，用18年的时间，在当时的辽、金旧城(今宣武区)东北方城外，建了一座新城，即现在北京市区的前身元大都城。《马可波罗游记》的作者是亲临元大都城的意大利人。他的游记中说，大都城内街巷笔直，城门可以通过街道互相望见。大街的两旁是房屋、商店。全城街巷规划整齐，犹如一块大棋盘……马可波罗的记述应是较为客观的。元大都的出现，不是改造的旧城，而是从零开始新建的，这样便于实现人们的理想设计和建筑规划。新城市出现之后，街巷、建筑完备了，为后来的北京城奠定了基础，但是除大街主干道的名称之外，其他一些小支干或胡同的名称并未随之而来，而是随着时间的推移，逐渐出现的。

(源于生活、自然形成的胡同名称)

新城出现了，胡同建好了，但是人们最初住在里面并不一定感到多惬意，由于没有胡同名称，起码串亲访友找起人来不方便，想告诉亲友自己的住处，只能描述一番，或是用知名的人、醒目的建筑为代表，代替自己的住址。如，“我家住在住着黄兽医的那条胡同里”、“我家住在象喇叭口的那条胡同里”、“我家住在象马杓的那条胡同里”、“我家住在有菜厂的那条胡同里”……久之，便出现了黄兽医胡同、喇叭口胡同、马杓胡同、菜厂胡同……胡同、街巷名称不仅是源于生活自然形成，而且是社会现象的反映，透过胡同名称还可了解到当时的社会。

(胡同名称反映当时社会现象)

通过地名可知道许多当时的社会现象。举个例子，大家可从中得到启发，如可以断定北京城内有许多佛教信徒，因为城内不仅庙宇多，而且以庙宇为地名的街巷就有80多处，如嵩祝寺胡同、普度寺前、后巷等；北京城当时是一座典型的消费城市，没有大工业，只有服务于人们生活的手工业作坊，如砂锅刘胡同、沈篦子胡同、麻线胡同、笤帚胡同等都是为人们制作生活必需品的作坊；北京人讲究吃，以食品为胡同名称就是见证，有麻花胡同、面茶胡同、熟肉胡同、炒豆胡同等；封建社会的人对帽子很重视，反映到地名上的就有草帽胡同、宗帽胡同、巾帽胡同、李纱帽胡同、纱帽翅胡同等；封建社会的衙署警卫驻防也反映到地名上，如分司厅胡同、总铺胡同、察院胡同、按院胡同等；还有一些没有产品，只提供服务的城市行业，也是当时社会的必然产物，反映到地名上有洗染业的魏染胡同、以骟马阉猪为业的骟马张胡同、管接生的石老娘胡同、管殡葬的棺材胡同、火匣子胡同、杠房胡同等……由此可见，胡同名称，也是社会学的一部分。

(社会变动旧地名不适应)

一般说来，地名一旦形成，人们口头代代沿传，便改动不易。有些地名自元代出现一直叫到现在也没改变，如前面提到的砖塔胡同、王府井西侧的菜厂胡同、钟楼前面的沙拉胡同等。沙拉是蒙古语珊瑚的意思，清代曾音译叫舒噜，今仍叫沙拉。有些元代的地名或城门，明代就已改名了，可是一些老人仍叫旧名，如元代的齐化门、平侧门、顺承门，明代已改名为朝阳门、阜成门、宣武门，一直到北京解放前还叫着旧名称，可见其生命力之大。

随着社会的发展，旧事物总是要更新的，地名也不例外。有些原因，地名非改不可，促使改变地名的首先是社会原因。1900年八国联军进京使许多建筑不存在了，事后出现新建筑、新街巷，改变了原来的布局，只好改名；封建王朝被推翻后，帝制改成民国，而且出现了新的政府机关，于是有300多条街巷改了名，如张皇亲胡同改为尚勤胡同，石大人胡同改为外交部街等，1966年，全国人民面临一场大灾难，街巷名称亦是“四旧”之一，自然在“横扫”之例，要在街巷名称上“打出一个红彤彤的世界来”，于是出现了红日路(北新桥)、红云路(新街口)、红旗路(崇内大街)、东方红路出现了三条。用总路线路、大跃进路、人民公社路等取代了原来的所谓有封建烙印的街巷名称。老北京中的旧胡同一律改为什么红心里、永红胡同、红卫胡同等等，加上了红字就成了革命地名，连很小的耳朵眼胡同也改成了“红到底”胡同……

还有一个需要改名的原因，就是重名问题。胡同名称既然是自然形成的，难免有“不约而同”之处。据1944年出版的《北京地名志》记载，北京有扁担胡同16条，井儿胡同14条，花枝胡同11条，口袋胡同11条，箭杆胡同7条，堂子胡同7条等等，北京城区重名的胡同有600多条。重名问题，在旧社会时矛盾不太明显。那时人口少，居民不大搬家，有的房屋一住就是一辈子，甚至几辈子，找人还算方便。新中国成立后就不成了，本市与外界联系剧增，外地人口进京者成为洪流，找人、办事、通讯，都因地名相同而产生极大的不便，必须加以科学的归纳，整理和改动。

改名的另一个重要原因，是鲁迅先生说的“言不雅训”，即听起来不好听。有些胡同在取名初期可能由于某些原因形成了地名。久之，情况发生了变化，再听起来就不雅了，如裤裆胡同、母猪胡同、焖葫芦罐、屎克螂胡同、狗尾巴胡同等等。这些不雅的胡同名称，老百姓有改名的要求。

(拉香盖臭谐音改名)

地名如何改动是一个科学问题。有些地名既然非改不可，就必须用科学的态度来对待。经过历史检验实践证明，改动地名的原则是态度慎重、群众接受、尊重历史，拉香盖臭、利用谐音。

“文化大革命”期间，草率行事，用行政命令手段把少数人的意愿强加于人，也是行不通的。例如东城交道口南大街西侧有横排并列的菊儿胡同、秦老胡同、前、后圆恩寺、棉花胡同等9条胡同，“文化大革命”期间一道命令旧名全部取消，改为由南向北排的“大跃进一至九条”。人们尚未习惯，又一道命令改为由北南排的“交南一至九条”。改名不采取慎重态度，群众不能接受，现在又恢复了旧名，广大群众又感到方便了。

用谐音改动旧地名是个很好的办法。因为旧社会老百姓的文化水平普遍不高，大多靠口头流传地名，用谐音改变旧名能起到不可估量的作用，同时结合“拉香盖臭”的原则，是极为成功的举措。如母猪胡同改为墨竹胡同；裤裆胡同改为库藏胡同；狗尾(音Yi)巴胡同改为高义伯胡同；焖葫芦罐改为蒙福禄馆；屎克螂胡同改为时刻亮胡同；大脚、小脚胡同改为达教、晓教胡同；张秃子胡同改为长图治胡同等等。有些胡同旧名不一定臭，只是其含义不尽人意，如吊打胡同，因为谁也不愿意让人吊起来打一顿，故也用上述原则改为孝达胡同……

(北京的胡同知多少?)

通过地名研究，知道了北京地名的复杂性。北京的胡同到底有多少呢?这又是一个不好回答的问题，因为胡同的数目是随着社会的发展而变化的。老北京人曾说，“北京的胡同大的三百六，小的赛牛毛”。这种说法中的大胡同三百六，其根据可能是指《析津志》中所载元代的“火巷”三百八十四条而言，至于“赛牛毛”肯定是数不清的意思了。经过诸多专家的考证，目前已有了一个大约的估数和比例。

元代按《析津志》记载，大都城内有火巷和胡同共400多条；

明代按张爵的《京师五城坊胡同集》记载，北京城内有街巷1170条，其中胡同459条；

清代按朱一新的《京师坊巷志稿》记载，北京城内有街巷2000条左右，其中胡同960多条；

民国时期，按观光局在《北京指南》上公布的北京内外城，共有街巷2500条左右；

新中国成立初期，按《北京导游基础》记载，当时北京有街巷2550条条；

1987年出版的《实用北京街巷指南》中公布北京市区及近郊区有街巷3600条；

1989年，张清常先生统计，在《再说胡同》一文中公布，说北京失去和郊区共有街巷6029条，其中胡同1320条。

新中国成立后，北京城发展突飞猛进，市区扩大了，原先的市区仅以城墙为界(现在的二环路)，如今的4个城区比原来大了约三分之一。新建的居民区多称“里”，这是中国先秦时就用的居民点的称谓，一般不再用巷和胡同，而在“里”内又加用“条”。可见，就北京而言，胡同的名称增加的可能性不大了，但是它的影响却不容忽视，因为它的历史源远流长。现在研究它的专家大有人在，而且有许多专著问世，如《胡同及其他》、《北京的大街小巷》、《北京地名漫谈》、《北京街巷地名趣谈》、《北京街巷胡同漫谈》、《北京市街巷名称录》、《实用北京街巷指南》等等。

通过上述的讲解，大家对北京的街巷胡同有了一些了解。组成这些街巷胡同的基本单位是建筑和民宅。老北京的住宅是四合院。四合院有其独特格局和等级。

(城市的平面结构限定了四合院的格局)

中国的四合院式的建筑，据文字记载，至迟汉代已趋于完善，唐宋时期广为流行，不过北京的标准四合院却是始于12世纪的元大都时期。按《北京导游基础》介绍，新建的城市之内按设计规制有大街、小街、火巷、主干道和派生小道(胡同)等，并按贵戚、功臣、赀高(富户)、居职(官员)的等级分配土地。百姓们须等“人物”们把好地占毕之后，方可“作室”。当时规定以8亩地为一份，全城规划出50大块，为居住区的50坊。每大块内分若干小块，作为房基地。城市主干道多以南北走向为多，所以派生出来的胡同都是东西走向的。小街与小街之间的70多米的跨度中分布着各种类型的四合院。一般四合院的宅院从北朝南，街门开在全宅院的东南角。几进院落之后，在另一条小街的路南，即为本宅的后门。如果是中小型宅院，路南也为正门，但其方位在全宅院的西北角。宅内的“正房”仍是坐北朝南。具体形式和格局，等一会儿参观时再介绍。

(四合院是封建家庭的安乐窝)

四合院封闭性强，关起街门便与外世隔绝，极适合一个家庭生活。院内的房室结构与庭院空间相结合，使居住者在有限之地内，却有空间扩大的感觉，而且在设计上符合“前堂后寝”的礼制。四合院内的房子有正房、厢房、耳房、倒座房的分别，极适合一个家族中的尊卑长幼等级住房。家庭之外的仆役人等的住房各得其所，主人招呼远近适宜非常方便。庭院内多植树木、花卉、葡萄架、藤萝架等，花木扶疏，令居者赏心悦目。这种格局，在有尊卑之分的封建时代，对家族来说称得上是一种享受。

咱们的旅游车就要到北海后门了。下汽车之后，换乘人力三轮车，在串胡同、看景观、参观四合院的过程中，大家可充分体会北京人的市井生活。

(以北海后门为串胡同的起点)

女士们、先生们，咱们现在走的三条相连的弧形小街叫三座桥胡同、龙头井街和柳荫街。这几条胡同中蕴藏着北京历史的丰富内涵。

800年前的元大都时期，现在的前海和后海是连在一起的牛角湾形的大水域，称积水潭，是南方来船的水运码头。在前后海之间，有一条弧形的月牙河相联。水域围成的丘陵地带景致颇佳，逐渐建筑增多形成风景区。月牙河上有月桥、板桥、清水桥，俗称三座桥。后来水域缩小，月河不见，形成街巷，就是我们刚才走过的三座桥胡同。

与三座桥胡同相连接的弧形斜街叫龙头井街。据说原来街内有一眼水井叫人头井，一年大旱，滴水如金，但人头井中之水却一直很旺。有人见井中有龙头晃动。消息传开，街南的原来香火不盛的古庙，改祀龙王，一下子香火大盛起来，人头井也改叫龙头井。有人问井中真有龙头吗?有!只不过不是活动的龙头，而是庙殿顶上的鸱吻倒映在水里，随着水纹的波动，形成龙头而已。古庙现已无存，据说街口的古槐就是当初古刹的遗物。

与龙头井街北口相接的叫柳荫街。这条街名是新中国建国之后才出现的。这里原是月牙河的一段河道，由于风景优美，历史上许多达官显贵在这里营建居室别墅。有的虽然现已无存，但文献中的记载颇为详细。

月牙河又称玉河，沿河建筑最早的

第三篇：北京胡同英语导游词

Good morning，Ladies and Gentlemen：Welcome to Beijing，and welcome to today's Hutong tour！First of all，I would like to start with the term“Hutong”，H-U-T-O-N-G what does Hutong mean？

According to experts，the word Hutong originated from Mongolian language meaning“Well”.In ancient times，people tended to gather and live around wells.So the original meaning of Hutong should be“a place where people gather and live.” Nobody knows exactly how many Hutongs there are in nowadays Beijing.But one thing is for sure，if we connected all the Hutongs together，their total length would even be longer than the famous Great wall，which is about 4000 miles longer.Today you can find various Hutongs with different shapes，lengths or directions.The shortest one is only 40 centimeters wide, And some Hutongs have more than 20 turns.As we walk through the Hutongs，you may find most of them look almost the same with gray-colored walls and bricks.Actually inside those walls are the courtyard houses，where people live.In Chinese we call them“siheyuan”.The gate building of each Siheyuan is the only thing that we can see along the Hutongs.Chinese people used to try to protect their privacy from being intruded by strangers.So the gate building，in old times，was a symbol to show the position of each house owner.look at thtis one nest door，it has the lion design，because that owner used to be a military officer.Interesting？

Now let's see the doorway.Almost every doorway has a threshold，that high step over there.For what reason they put a big step at the door？You know Chinese people believe all the evil spirits are short.They can not jump over high steps.So the threshold is actually for warding off evil spirits.In old times，transportation was not as convenient as today，so street vendors played a very important role in Hutong life.They wandered from lane to lane selling various goods or providing all kind of services.People could judge the goods or services from their peddling or the sounds of their special instruments.The food they sold usually include baked pancakes，seasoned millet mush，or Youzhaguo，a kind of deep-fried twisted dough sticks，and all kinds of vegetables.But now，with modern life all around，it's hard for people to hear the traditional melodious hawking.Look at the crowd sitting over there！What do you think they are doing？Talking about Vic Tanny？Oprah's？Or just gossiping？Any ideas？Let's go and see！

Oh，they are building a new Great Wall.But their bricks are Chinese Mahjong！A very popular pastime among the Hutong people，especially among the senior citizens who have retired.The main attraction of Hutong life is friendly and interpersonal communication.Children living in one courtyard play together and grow up together like one big family.We want to save it as a treasure to show our later generations what Beijing used to be like.OK.Time files.It's almost the end of the tour.Today，through our Hutong tour，I hope you are not only happy with what you have seen but also get a better understanding of the culture and people in the Hutong area.Thank you for your attention，and hope you enjoy the rest of the tour in China！

女士们先生们，早上好：

欢迎你们来到北京，欢迎你们参加胡同游。首先，我将从“胡同”一词说起。专家认为，“胡同”这个词来源于蒙古语，意思是“井”。古时候人们生活和聚集在井的周围，所以“胡同”一词的本意应是“人们生活聚集的地方”。不管它确切意思如何，有一点是可以肯定的，胡同在北京第一次出现是在元朝。

今天我们看到的大多数胡同是明清两代产物，没有人能够确切的说出北京有多少胡同。但有一点很清楚，如果将各个胡同连接起来，总长度超过著名的万里长城。

今天您可以发现不同形状、长度和方向的胡同。最短的胡同只有10米长，最窄的胡同仅40厘米宽，也就是说象我这样的身材需要侧身走才能穿过胡同，还有些胡同有20多个弯。

当我们进入胡同时，您也许发现几乎所有的墙和砖都是灰色的。其实，在这些墙的后面就是居民的家，我们称其为“四合院”。

在胡同中我们只能看见四合院的大门。古时候的中国人不希望有陌生人来打扰，因此从大门的样子就可以看出主人的身份和地位。例如这个门，又高又大，门檐有砖雕装饰。仔细看它的图案，李子花和竹子，这意味着这里的主人曾是侍奉皇帝左右的王公大臣。看旁边的门，有狮子的图案，这说明这里曾住着武官。有趣吧？

让我们看看门口中，几乎每个门口都有一条横木，它的作用是驱邪避难。民间传说小鬼很矮，他们无法跳过高的台阶，所以设此横木。

过去，交通不象现在这样发达，街头小贩在胡同中起到重要作用，他们往来于胡同间，贩卖各种货品或提供各种服务。人们可以从不同的叫卖声中辨别他们要卖什么或提供什么样的服务。他们卖的食品主要是煎饼、小米粥、油炸果、油条和一些蔬菜。理发师则不需要吆喝，他只需要拿着理发工具做好本职工作即可。但是在现在，这里已是现代化生活氛围，已经很难听到老北京那清脆的叫卖声了。

那边坐着一群人，你们知道他们正在做什么呢？他们在修新长城呢！他们使用的是最新的砖——麻将牌。它是非常流行的消遣方式，特别在退休的老年人中倍受青睐。

胡同生活的最大魅力在于人与人之间的友好交往。孩子们在一起长大，如同一家人一样。因此，我国政府打算保护这一地区，没有政府批准，不得在这一地区拆盖高楼，为我们的子孙后代保留这份宝贵遗产。

时间真快！我们就要结束今天的旅行了我希望您不仅大饱眼福，而且更了解胡同文化和这里的人们。如果有一天您再次来访，我将邀请您来我家做客。

谢谢大家！希望大家尽情享受余下的中国之旅！

第四篇：北京天坛英文导游词

(Inside the South Gate of the Temple of Heaven)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Welcome to the Temple of Heaven.(After self-introduction)preserved cultural heritages of China.There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad.All in all, there are 12 million visitors very year.Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the altar.It will take roughly one hour.Mind you, the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)

The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven, the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest.But why?

The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind, and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature.In those days, there were specific rites of worship.This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty.Situated in the southern part of the city, this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares.To better symbolize heaven and earth, the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square.The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one.The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices.The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)

The Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls, each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether.Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other.This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.On the day of the ceremony, the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs.He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the altar.(Atop the Circular Mound Alter)

We are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace.Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone.The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second, 18, up to 81 in the 9th ring.Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiple of 9.But why?

According to ancient Chinese philosophy, yin and yang were two opposing factors.Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin.Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man.What is more, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.Once more look at the round stone in the center.The upper terrace is nine zhang(a Chinese unit of length, one zhang equals 3.3 meters)in circumference, while the middle is 15 zhang, the lower, 21 zhang.Classified as yang numbers, the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success.What is more, by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples, the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized.The concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.Now I will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the Inter Solstice.The memorial tablet dedicated to Heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace;while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks.The service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning.All of the lanterns would be lit.In the foreground, a sacrificial calf is being barbecued.On the square in front of the altar, the emperor, under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers, princes of royal blood, musicians, dancers and uniformed soldiers, would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of Heaven.When the service drew to a close, the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated.All of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing God off.Music and dancing would follow.In the end, the emperor would return to the Forbidden City secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by Heaven until the next winter Solstice.It is interesting to note that, the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance, since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer.The stone, which is known as the God’s heart Stone, is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder, thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service.You can try this out by yourself.(Proceed northward to pass through the Lattice Star Gate)

(In front of the Gate of glazed tiles)

this structure is known as Heaven` s Storehouse.It is entered through the Gate of glazed Tiles.The roofing, beams, and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks.This is the only structure of its kind in China today.the Heaven` s Storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept.Douglas Hurd, a former British foreign secretary, once said, “God attends to His affairs on the Circular Mound Altar but stays here.” Now let` s go in to see it(Go through the left side door)

(In the courtyard of Heaven` s Storehouse)

this is the Imperial Vault of Heaven, the main structure of Heaven` s Storehouse.It was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter.The structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball, and carved wooden doors and windows.It is decorated with colored paintings.Founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace, the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.The ramp is carved in “Two dragons Playing with a pearl” design in relief.We will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.(On the marble terrace of the main hall)

The arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings.On top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson, or covered ceiling.The ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design.The 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.To the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal.Atop it, up a wooden flight of 9 steps, is where the major tablet dedicate to Heaven was enshrined.On each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex halls in the courtyard, there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun, moon, constellation, cloud, rain, wind and thunder.(Echo Wall and Triple –sound Stones)

Aside from exquisitely laid out architectures, Heaven` s Storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features, i.e.the Echo Wall and the Triple-Sound Stone.A mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side, although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart.This is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth, solid bricks.In front of the steps leading away from the halls is the Triple Sound Stone.If you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands, the sound will echo once;on the second stone, the sound will be heard twice;and on the third stone, the sound will repeat three times.Hence the name.(Go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path northward)

(Nine-Dragon Cypress)

the Temple of Heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60,000 cypress trees in all ,among which over 4,000 are more than one hundred years old ,adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple.This tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago.Its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons;thus it is known as the Nine-Dragon cypress.It is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs.Now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.(In the south of Chengzhen Gate)

Now we are back again on the Central Axis.This brick-arched gate is known as Chengzhen(Adopting Fidelity).This gate is the northern gate of the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest.The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis.It was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.(On the Red Stairway Bridge)

Entering the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long, which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall.This broad north-south walkway, called Danbiqiao(Red Stairway bridge), connects the two sets of main building in the Temple of Heaven and constitutes a single axis.The passage is divided into left, control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs.The central and widest path is known as Heavenly Thoroughfare, which was reserved exclusively for God;nobody, including the emperor, was allowed to set foot onto it.The emperor used the path on the east, which is known as the Imperial Walk.The ministers and princes used the one on the west.Interesting enough, there is no walkway left for ordinary people.This is because the Temple of Heaven used to be off-limits to them.Contrary to appearances, this walkway is not a bridge at all.But how so? This road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep.The cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice.All in all, it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in Beijing.Looking back at the thoroughfare, you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end.As people approach the architectural group of the Hall of Prayer for good Harvest, the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens.Here you are in Heaven.(Costume-Changing Terrace)

The marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai, or Costume Changing Terrace.It is located to the east of the Red Stairway Bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters.IT has marble Slab balustrades.The day before the service, officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes.After the service, the emperor would return to the tent and change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace.(Proceed to the South Gate of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)

(At the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest)

This structure is called the Gate of Pray for Good Harvest.We can catch a slight glimpse of the central building, the Hall of Prayer for Good harvest, though the colonnade of the Gate.A gigantic and lofty group of buildings, the complex includes the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest, the hall of prayer for good harvest, eastern and western annex halls, the Huanqian(Imperial heaven)Long corridor, Heaven Kitchen, slaughterhouse, etc.The annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace, to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall.This unique building, 38 meters in height, is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball.The roofing is made of blue glazed tiles, the color of the sky.Underneath the roof, the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings.The base of the structure is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace.At a distance, the terrace looks like a gigantic, spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it.Today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of Beijing, which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.(At the base of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)

The base of the hall is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace, which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height, covering a space of 4,000 square meters.Meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure.In the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs, there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud, dragon and phoenix designs.To set off the ramps, the top of the balustrades and down pipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls.In southern part of each tier, a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed.Sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.(In front of the hall of Prayer for good harvest)

Climbing up this marble terrace, we see the main hall, a masterpiece of ancient China.Looking up you will see the caisson, or covered ceiling, characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes.In and out, the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.Without the use of steel, cement and nail, and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams, the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars, laths, joints and rafters.The four central pillars, called the dragon-Well Pillars, are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers, representing the four seasons.There are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each.The inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night.Between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the Chinese lunar year.The pillars, 28 in number, also represent the 28 constellations in the universe-the ancient Chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.The center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab, which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter.Interestingly, the slab features natural black and white veins, corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling.This particular slab is known as the Dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.The furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when Emperor Xianfeng ruled.In the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of Heaven.On either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed.Each tablet is fronted by an altar.A total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it, including soup, wine, assorted cereals, and a calf.The sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning, sometime in the first month of the Chinese lunar year.Because it was still dark, candles, lanterns and torches were lit.This lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall, helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.By the time the service began, 207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall.The emperor, in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity, would walk slowly into the hall, kowtow, and offer wine and prayer in honor of the deities and his ancestors.All of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for Good Harvest.With this we conclude our visit to the Temper of Heaven.The feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history.However, this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient Chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.(On the Long Corridor)

From the Eastern Gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest, we have now entered a 300-meter-long corridor.Consisting of 72 sections, this corridor served as a connecting building between the Slaughterhouses.Heaven Kitchen, and the main hall, It is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line.Flanking the corridor are shopping stalls.You may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.Well, that is all for this tour.Thank you for your attention.I look forward to your next visit.Good luck and bon voyage.

第五篇：北京房山区英文导游词

北京房山区英文导游词

Each visitor:How are you, welcome you to Peking to travel, I am your guide DAVID.The building mountain is located in northern latitudes 39 ° 30 ′s-39 °s are 55 ′s, east longitude 115 ° 25 ′s-116 °s are 15 ′s, place north China plain with go mountain to hand over boundary district too much, western and the north is a mountainous country, mound, eastern and southern is fertile valley plain.The main mountain range big building mountain, big Anne's mountain, triangle mountain, all flowers mountain and west has mountain etc.to all fasten to go mountain branch too much.Most the high peak is 100 grass sides of all flowers mountain, elevation 2035 meters;The lowest place is southeastern to sign to teach Wa, the elevation is 26 meters.Is inshore the river having size is 13, refuse the Ma He, big stone river return turns and twists, always settle river, small pure river to wear a territory but lead.The building mountain humanities resources, mineral resources, tour resources and subterranean heat resources abundant, is the city suburb famous“the country of building materials”, “the country of building”, “the country of coal”, “Lin Guo's country” and“tour divine spot”.【The administrative area rows 】Close April, 2012, the building mountain area governs 8 streets, 11 towns, 4 regions, 6 countries.Are respectively:Arch Chen street and west the Lu street and city close street, new town street, aweather street, east breeze street, facing the sun street and star city street(aweather, east breeze, facing the sun, star city four streets from Yan mountain office management), long sun town, Yan village and Dou store town and stone building town, Hebei town, long ditch town, Han Cun He's town and big stone nest town, piece shop town, ten Du towns and green Long Hu Zhen, Yan mountainous country area and week store region and azure stone river region and good country region, Xia cloud Ling country and Buddha son Chuang country, big Anne mountain country, south cellar country and history house camp country and the country of Pu Wa.The city pass street governs 20 communities and 22 village Weises will.(ten thousand rather bridge community, city north community, north inside community, north street community, permanent stability west inside community, south inside community, south city community, agriculture and forestry road community, south follow inside community, new east pass community and big stone river community, mineral machine community and piping bureau community and chemical engineering four factory communities and city east community, Yung-loh park community, always interest reach community, interest community in the landlord and blessing interest home community and mansion Tung-li community, attend to volume village, north city village, east grave village, settle mansion Xin Zhuang Cun, east melon ground village, each Chuang of farmland village and melon City village, Ma Ge Zhuang's village and Rao joy mansion village and D house Wa village and sheep head Gang village, 80 acres of ground villages, front Zhu Ge Zhuang's village, empress Zhu Ge Zhuang's village and Hong temple village and tower gulf village, aweather ascent village, east street village, south street village, south pass village, west street village, north pass village)The new town street governs 2 communities.(eastern even street community, at first new street community)The facing the sun street governs 5 communities.(facing the sun inside community and facing the sun Gang mountain community, facing the sun aweather one inside community in the community, Li park in the community, facing the sun Phoenix)East the breeze street govern 8 communities(east breeze community, eastern community in breeze Tung-li in the south, east breeze community, sheep ear in the north Yu north inside community, east the breeze wood Ling community, east breeze east flowing water community, sheep ear Yu inside one community, sheep ear two communities in the Yu), Yan mountain industrial area.Aweather the street governs 11 communities.(Gao Jia Po's community, aweather four inside community, aweather five inside community, almond flower west inside community, great tower community and almond flower Tung-li community, aweather six inside community, the Yan building road community and Yan east road south five area communities, aweather west inside community, hero Hui Yuan community)The star city street governs 7 communities.(star city first community, star city second community, star city third community, star city fourth community, star city fifth community, star city sixth community, star city seventh community)The week store region governs 5 communities and 24 village Weises meeting.(week store community, long ditch Yu coal mine community, Jin Chao company community, red light machine factory community and Xin mountain mineral community and South Korea after village and tile well village, new street village and big after village, Xin Zhuang Cun and week village and cloud Feng temple village and week store village and Lou son water village, Ma Zhuang Cun of the Shuan, Huang Yuan Cun, Long Bao Yu's village, Huang Shan Dian's village, Huang Yuan Si's village, good each Chuang village, western Chuang village and car factory village and Lai Li water village, Si Ma Gou Cun, north bottom temple village and bottle gourd Peng village, long flowing water village, mountain pass village and officer ground village)The azure stone river region governs 5 communities and 47 village Weises will.(two street community and window yarn factory community and azure stone river cement works community and building materials industrial school community and gold fruit community wood, two street village, three street village, Li Zhuang Cun and white Chuang village and Yang Hu Tun's village, week Chuang village and blessing interest village, even each Chuang village, north Luo village, south Luo village, Ku-chuang village, Zu village, north chapter village, interest gift village and Chuang head village, sign to teach village and Dong Jia Lin's village, Liu Li Dian's village and Hui city village and loess ascent village, southeast Zhao village, southwest Zhao village, southeast Lyu Cun, southwest Lyu Cun, protect interest Chuang village, road village, southern white village, northern white village, eight building villages, Xue Zhuang Cun, stone village, often give up village, west ground village, work Zi village, Zhao Ying Cun, allow camp village, ten thousand inside village and Xiao field village, village of kiln, big pottery village, small pottery village, officer Chuang village and Gu river village and Bao Chuang village, Xin Li Zhuang's village, five building villages and Han Ying Cun)The Yan village governs 3 communities and 22 village Weises will.(south theater food database community and fire fight device factory community and bridge factory community and big purple grass Wu village and small purple grass Wu village, ex-follow village, behind follow village, Zhang Zhuang Cun and princess grave village, northern workshop village, southern workshop village, Wu Zhuang Cun, burnt Chuang village, big Dong Cun, little Dong Cun, west grave village, open Ku-chuang village, south theater village, two match Chuang village, big 13 inside village, small 13 inside village, empress 13 inside village and Xiao Chuang village and dollar martial Tun village, stir-fry a rice store village)The Dou store town governs 2 communities and 30 village Weises will.(second new special kind building materials company community and gold Xin Yuan community and Dou store village and white grass Wa village and Lu village, Panchiao village and Xian Chuang village, pastoral village and kiln for making tiles head village, Su's village, at the Chuang village, go down slope store village, seven inside store village, hope Chu's village, one street village, two street village, three street village, back street village, little Gao She Cun, big Gao She Cun and each Chuang of D village, Liu Ping Zhuang's village and Yuan Chuang village, six way villages and Pu Anne Tun village, prosperous Chuang village, Xin Zhuang Hu's village, two building villages, before Liu Cun, Chen Jia Fang's village, north Liu Cun and river mouth village)The stone building town governs a community and 12 village Weises meeting(the railroad community community, good luck village, two filial piety villages, pay the building village, the Chuang village of husband of princess and Xiang husband of princess Chuang village and big time Luo village and Tuo