第一篇:情态动词can的教学反思
教学的方式要以教学的任务和内容、学生的年龄特点和心理需求,灵活多变地加以应用。小学生容易注意力不集中,为了引起学生的注意力并激发学生的学习积极性,
在教学情态动词can 的时候,教师画出下列简笔画:
我边画简笔画边说: I can do a lot of things.What can I do? Do you want to know.Let me tell you.I can play table tennis.(画出第一幅图示并鼓励学生说出动词短语:play table tennis).I can play the piano.(画出第二幅图示并鼓励学生说出动词短语play the piano).I can stand on my head.(画出第三幅图示并鼓励学生说出动词短语stand on my head).然后我叫了五位学生,让他们做动作来告诉大家。我又问:What can he /she do? 让他们说出:I can…….引出另外五个短语:play football, swim, roller blade, ski,ride a horse.接着让学生根椐学过的动词短语用句型Ican ….I cannot….个自写出自己会做的事情和不会做的事情.然后让学生利用句型:What can I do? Can you…? Yes, I can.或No I can’t.互猜彼此会做的事情和不会做的事情。这样可以让学生所学语言产生兴趣,从而激发学生的学习欲望调动学生的学习积极性。
这样通过大量的、反复的、多种形式的操练,要求学生在量中求质,在速度中求准确。
我认为,为了有效地利用练习的时间,提高练习的效率,教师在组织练习时,要分秒必争,争取在有限的时间内,加大练习的强度和密度。
第二篇:情态动词can的教学设计
情态动词can的教学设计 发布者: 付贤彦
教学目标:
1.知识目标:掌握本课的大纲词汇和情态动词can的用法。
2.能力目标:1)能听懂会不会那些体育运动项目话题的有关的简单会话。
2)能用can或can„t表述会不会那些体育运动项目。3.文化意识:了解国内外常见的体育运动项目,以及运动项目的种类。4.学习策略:培养学生在大信息量(许许多多的运动项目中)的语言活动中搜索处理语言信息,发现,归纳学习重点,从而掌握本单元重点学习内
容。
教学内容: 1.大纲词汇sport, throw, race, field, 新课标词汇high jump, long jump, event, track
2.句型 he can / can‟t …
教学重点: 用情态动词can表示会不会那些体育运动项目的句子
教学手段: 多媒体。
教学步骤
教学第一个环节: 创设情景,导入新课
1.将有关表示体育运动项目的图片由运动员进行曲连接起来,向
学生们展播,从而引出sports meeting和sports event词汇。2.要求学生以brainstorm的方式说出what sport they know 3.把学生已知和未知的有关体育运动项目的 图片和单词卡片给学生(4人一组)把词
与图联系起来。(这是学生们做练习的情景)(以下是课堂练习内容)
baseball skate swim basketball badminton ski football 100-meter hurdles high jump tennis surf table tennis long jump 100-meter race shot put long jump
4.学习新单词
throw the shot put do the high jump do the long jump do the 200 – meter run run the 110-meter hurdles
5.检查单词
1)个人或集体朗读单词。
2)做游戏(根据老师所给的图片一人比划另一人猜出这个单词或一人用英语说出图片的意思另一人 猜出这个单词。(3组练习)
设计意图:教材1.1中教学内容生词量较大,平时又很少遇到,学习起来比较枯燥,难以记住。但用音乐将图片连接起来,充满激情的音乐营造了欢快的学习气氛,使学生情绪高涨,同时又陶冶了学生的情操。说出已知的单词和图与词连接的练习,可以展示学生自主学习的成果。让学生听着音乐,看着图片,在不知不觉中学习了单词,并自然而然地让学生融于英语学习的情境中,大大激发了他们的学习兴趣,又以游戏的形式检查单词,有趣的画面,难忘的表演,吸引了学生的注意力加深了他们对单词的印象。为后面的学习内容打下了基础
在这个教学环境中,学生是活动的主体,教师只充当了“节目主持人”的角
色。
第二个环节:师生互动,学习探究
1.看海报,回答问题 t: what‟s the poster about?
ss: sports events
t: how many events for boys?
ss: ten
t: how many events for girls?
ss: seven 2.听录音完成1.1练习(巩固所学单词)
3听录音完成1.2练习。
gary can run the 110-meter hurdles.true false he can do the high jump.true false he‟s fast.true false he can‟t throw the shot put.true false he can do the long jump.true false 4.让学生朗读1.2和1.3的句子。学生通过观察,讨论,总结,归纳can的用法。设计意图:
听的环节是“输入”的过程,带着问题听,让学生在听的过程中有的放矢,有效捕捉信息,同时又提醒学生注意观察并发现需要注意的表达方式,为后面的语言实践准备实用句型。这种让学生在具体的语境中发现新句型的教学方法,能有效地提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,避免了传统的教师为主体的抽象的语法说教,调动了学生思维积极性,给学生提供了提高观察能力,分析能力和归纳总结能力的发展平台。学生们以小组讨论的方式进行观察,探讨,分析,归纳,得出正确结论。让所有的学生都参与讨论探究,这既体现了以学生发展为本的教育思想,又调动了学生的积极性与创造性。学生们自己发现的规律要比老师讲解所学到的规律在脑海中的印象深刻得多,理解的透彻。第三个环节:合作交流,巩固提高
1.看图说话(i can / can‟t… he can / can‟t… they… we…
设计意图:
在这个环节中,我向学生提供了 具有直观性的图画,让学生觉得有内 容说,新学的句型在这一活动中得到
充分运用和巩固。
(学生练习时的情景)2.做链接游戏 4人一组。第一个同学说 i can swim.第二个同学说 i can‟t swim, but i can skate 第三个同学说:i can‟t skate, but i can do
the high jump.第四个同学说:i can‟t do the high jump, but i can do the long jump.设计意图:
变换语境操练是机械模仿进一步的发展,对语言运用的能力的要求又有所提高,有利于开发学生的创新能力和求异思维能力,这样的活动增加了
趣味性,使紧张的气氛得到缓解。3.采访同学看谁能做:要求用句型 can you do…提问,用 i can…
根据我课前调查我写了以下词组
play basketball,sing well run fast, dance well, play the piano, run the 100-meter race.学生们可以下位子采访,谁先找到这六位同学,谁得第一,并给与奖励。我又让能唱能跳的学生在班上即兴表演,又一次掀起了高潮。
设计意图:
新课程标准倡导主动参与,乐于探索,勤于思考,培养学生收集和处理语言信息的能力。通过这一环节的练习,不但学生的语言技能得到了提高,而且他们的情感态度和学习策略都得到了培养,同时他们的语言知识还得到了复习和巩固。这样的练习可以充分调动学生的参与热情,激发学生的学习兴趣。
4.让学生用what can you do? 及本节课所学的句型编一个对话,内容是学生会体育部和文艺部招聘人员。(两人一组)
a: what club do you want to join? b: we want to join the music club./ the sports club.a: ___________________? b: i can sing / play basketball.a: ___________________?
b: yes, i can.a: ____________________?
b: no, ________________.a: ok.welcome to join us.设计意图:
让学生体验不同的角色,参与实践,合作交流,从而提高语言的运用能力。让所有学生全面参与,使学生的思维一直处于积极的状态,提高课堂教学
质量 教学反思:
新课标注重学生的情感因素,着力培养学生的学习兴趣,激发学生的学习动机和培养他们热爱生活的品质。在英语教学中适当运用游戏教学可使学生在玩中学,变无意注意为有意注意,使学生在游戏之中实实在在地进行语言信息交流,避免了枯燥的死记硬背,激发了学生的学习兴趣,曾强了学生学好英语的信心和决心,使良好的英语学习心理素质在游戏之中逐渐培养起来。新课程标准从某种意义上说对老师提出了更高的要求,作为英语老师,我们要及时转换自己的角色和观念,做一名出色的节目主持人,组织好每一项课堂活动,把表演的机会给学生,让学生成为真正的“主角”,让学生时刻处在体验,实践,参与,合作与交流的活动中,使他们的语言技能,语言知识,情感态度,学习策略和文化意识等素养得到整体发展.
第三篇:英语语法教学微课教案(情态动词can和could)
英语语法教学微课教案(情态动词can和could)
一、Teaching Content: Topic:Unit 5 Can you play the guitar? Grammar:Using “can”/ “could” to talk about ability
二、Teaching Aims: 1.Use can talk about the ability at present.2.Use could talk about ability in the past.三、Teaching Key and Difficult Points: How to use “can” and “could” to express ability in the present and past.四、Teaching Methods: Task-Based Language Teaching Method
五、Teaching Procedures: Step 1:Warming up
Task 1: Revision T: What can you do now? S1: I can sing.S2: I can draw S3: I can dance.T: Can you ride a bike / swim / fly a kite / play football / play chess? Ss:Yes , I can./ No, I can’t.Task 2: Playing a game T: Now let us play a game.Five students come to the front and perform for to my instructions.and gestures.The others answer my questions.T : What can she do? Ss : She can ride a bike /swim/ fly a kite/ play football / play chess.T: Can she swim/ fly a kite/play football /play chess.Ss: Yes ,She can? No, she can’t.T: Say the whole sentences: eg: A can ride a bike.He can’t / cannot swim.Step 2: Presentation T: Can you ride a bike now? S1:Yes.I can T:Could you ride a bike five years ago ?
Yes, I could./ No, I couldn’t(Help him answer)S1:Yes, I could./ No, I couldn’t.T: we can use “could” t talk about the past
.e.g I can play computer now.But, last year I couldn’t play.T: Could you row a boat last year? S1:Yes I could.No, I couldn’t.T: Could she he row a boat last year?(Ask other students)Ss: Yes she he could.No she he couldn’t T:Yes , A could ride a bike five years ago.He couldn’t swim five years ago.the class according(Teach the students to say the whole sentences): A could ride a bike five years ago.He couldn’t swim five years ago.)(Ask other students in the same ways)Step 3: Practice :work in pairs T: Ask your partner more questions eg: Could he / she …?
(Yes, he / she could./ No, he / she couldn’t.)...Step 4: Production Task 3: Explanation T: Let’s work out the rule.① 肯定句式: can could
② 否定句式: can’t couldn’t
③ 疑问句式: Can „?Could „?
T: We can use “am(is , are)able to “ instead of “can”,and “was(were)able to “ instead of “could“.eg.①Mike can sing more than 20 English songs.Mike is able to …
②She could speak English when she was four.She was able to…
T: Please give more examples.to practice them.Step 5: Summary T:In this class, we have learnt the use of can and could about talking about abilities.Who knows the differences between “can” and “could” Step 6: Homework Finish off the practice on the workbooks ,Fill in the blank with can/could
第四篇:情态动词教案
情态动词教案
Teaching Aims 【教学目标】 1.Knowledge Aims(知识目标)
1.掌握情态动词can, may, must, need, should…的含义和特点; 2.掌握情态动词用法。
2.Ability Aims(能力目标)
1.Encourage the students to cooperate with others and enable them to formulate
grammatical rules.2.By learning, motivate the students 'inspiration and take an active part in the course of the class.3.Emotion Aims(情感目标)
Build up the student’s confidence.Teaching Importance and Difficulties 【教学重点和难点】
1.含有情态动词的疑问句和否定句; 2.情态动词表示推测的用法。
Teaching Methods(教学方法)
Self-learning,cooperation and discussion自学(独学、对学、群学)、合作、讨论
Teaching Process(教学过程)Preparation and Self-learning 【自主学习、为新课奠基】
Complete the following tasks.(A级 识记类)(C层学生展示,B、A层学生补充)
一、何谓“情态动词”?
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等,是中学英语语法的重点,也是高考的热点,是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点:情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法;情态动词与虚拟语气;情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”,情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。
二、情态动词的特点 1.没有人称和数的变化。2.有些情态动词有过去式的变化: e.g.will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared
三、情态动词的否定形式
情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't Cooperation and Discussion 【合作探究、讨论解疑】
Reading------知识问题化、问题层次化,提高阅读能力!(B级 理解类)(B、C层学生展示,A层学生补充)
四、情态动词的用法及相互间的区别(注意:这是常考的考点)
1.can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到;be able to 有多种形式的变化。can 1).表示体力或脑力方面的能力;2).表示允许、可能性。
could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性;用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。
1)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to 2)-Will you stay for lunch?-Sorry, __.My brother is coming to see me.A.I mustn't B.I can't C.I needn't D.I won't 2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做;表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式;用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。1)-May I take this book out of the reading-room?-No, you mustn't.(Yes, you may.)2)-Might I make a suggestion?-Yes, you may.3.must 1).表示必须要做的事: 必须
2)表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have(has)to : have(has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to 3)-Must I get to the station before three o'clock?-Yes, you must.(No, you needn't.)4)I'm afraid you will have to wait a while.5)She must be in the classroom now.6)Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.can't D.may not 4.shall 1)在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。2)用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。1)Yes, please.(No, please don't.)2)You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.3)Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.4)Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____? A.does he B.doesn't he C.will he D.isn't he 5)It's a fine day.Let's go fishing, ____? A.won't we B.will we C.don't we D.shall we 5.should 应该;应当
1)You should listen to the doctor's advice.2)You should study the article carefully.6.will, would 1)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。
2)will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态;would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。3)will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺;would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、......。
(1)Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you? A.do youB.will you C.can you D.could you-Will you come with me?-Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I can't.)(2)-Would you tell us something about yourself?-Yes, I will.(3)_____.A.I don't B.I won't C.I can't D.I haven't 7.ought to 应该;应当
1)You oughtn't to smoke too much.2)She ____ for what she has done.A.ought to praise B.ought be praised C.ought to have praised D.ought to be praised 8.dare 1.dare to come 2.dare come 1)He dare not tell the truth.2)He doesn't dare to come out at night.3)I don't know whether he ____ try.A.dare B.needs C.wants D.is allowed 9.need 1).作为情态动词:必须 2).作为实义动词: 需要
A.主语是人 need(to do something;to be done by somebody)B.主语是事物 need(doing;to be done)1)-Do they need to take any books with them?-No, they don't need to.2)-Need we buy any new equipment?-No, we needn't.3)This farm tool needs repairing.This farm tool needs to be repaired.4)-Shall I tell John about it ?-No, you ___.I've told him already.A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't 5)It's a fine day.You ____ take a raincoat with you.A.can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.may not [★★★]
五、情态动词的解题例析
(1)认真审题,结合所给出的语境,正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。
(2)认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法,并结合语境推敲答案。(3)要注意把握时间概念。
情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”,还是表达“虚拟”这一概念,只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述,一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构;对现在或将来的事情进行描述,用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。例如:
(NMET2008山东,24)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you.A.can manage
B.could have managed C.could manage D.can have managed 根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作,已经完成,故排除A、C两项,再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I don’t think…,故说话者想表达的意思是:离开了你,我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为B项。
Expansion and Improvement【知识拓展、能力提升】(D级 拓展类)(C、B层学生展示,A层学生补充)
★下面我们来看看常考的一些情态动词★
以下试题均来源于往年的高考试题,具有很强的针对性
(1)must表示推测,意为“一定„„”,只能用于肯定句中。must have done意为:一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。例如:
—She looks very happy.She ______ have passed the exam.—I guess so.It’s not difficult after all.A.should
B.could
C.must
D.might 【解析】句意为:她看上去很高兴,一定是通过了考试。【答案】C(2)should(not)/ ought(not)to在中表示根据常规或常识推测,表示“某事应该或不应该发生”,语气比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。例如:—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A.will
B.would
C.should
D.must 【解析】should此处表示推测,意为“应该”。【答案】C ②There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A.mustn’t
B.shan’t
C.shouldn’t
D.needn’t 【解析】句意:既然你在驾校进行了大量训练,那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难。【答案】C(3)can, could表达推测时,一般用于疑问句和否定句中;can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性,并不牵涉是否真的会发生,在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用;could用于肯定句中,语气比may/ might更弱。例如: ①You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!
A.wouldn’t
B.can’t
C.mustn’t
D.needn’t ②She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.A.can’t
B.wouldn’t
C.shouldn’t
D.needn’t ③It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.A.must
B.can
C.should
D.would ④Peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.A.shall
B.should
C.can
D.must 【解析】①② 两个考题中can用于中表示否定的推测,意为:不可能,一定不会; ③④两个考题中can表示理论上的可能性,翻译为:有时候会„„。【答案】① B ② A
③ B ④ C(4)may(not)/ might(not)表达一种不太把握的推测,意为“或许,可能”;might的语气比may较婉转。例如:
① Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip---she hates traveling.A.will
B.can
C.must
D.may 【解析】may well为固定搭配,意为:很可能,极有可能。【答案】D
②
Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A.must
B.may
C.shall
D.should 【解析】这听起来或许是一项简单的任务,但却需要极大的细心。【答案】B ③—I can’t find my purse anywhere.—You __ have lost it while shopping.A.may
B.can
C.should
D.would 【解析】结合语境可知,回答者是在提醒对方:或许购物时把钱包丢了。【答案】A
(二)表达虚拟语气的情态动词
对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟,用情态动词+have done这一结构,常用的有以下几个情态动词:
(1)should(not)/ ought(not)to have done本(不)应该做某事,但却没有做或做了,含有责备或后悔之意。例如:
—I’m sorry.I _________at you the other day.—Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.A.shouldn’t shout
B.shouldn’t have shouted C.mustn’t shout
C.mustn’t have shouted 【解析】对不起,我那天本不应该对你大喊大叫的。【答案】B(2)could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如:
Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you.A.can manage
B.could have managed C.could manage
D.can have managed 【解析】根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作,已经完成,故排除A、C两项,再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I don’t think„,故说话者想表达的意思是:离开了你,我们本不可能完成这项工作。【答案】B(3)needn’t have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意needn’t do则表达“没有必要去做某事”,时间上应该是现在或将来。例如: ①—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks.You ________ it.I could manage it myself.A.needn’t do
B.needn’t have done
C.mustn’t do
D.shouldn’t have done 【解析】根据句意可知Catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方不必为她打扫房间。【答案】B ② The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we
go to work tomorrow.A.can’t
B.mustn’t
C.needn’t
D.shouldn’t 【解析】老板给所有的员工放了假,所以我们明天不必再去上班。【答案】C(4)would(not)have done本来(不)会发生某事,但却(发生了)或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气,表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如:
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal.A.had scored
B.scored
C.would score
D.would have scored 【解析】句中otherwise为含蓄条件,相当于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。【答案】D(5)might have done表示“本来可能„„”,但实际上没有发生的事。例如: What a pity!Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.A.need have done
B.must have done C.can have done
D.might have done 【解析】真是可惜!考虑到他的能力和经验,他本来可以做得更好的。【答案】D
(三)表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词 1.must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法:
(1)表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,意思为“必须„„,得„„,要„„”;由must引起的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或have to,否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。另外,must与have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。must表示一种主观的需要,而have to表示一种客观的需要,意思是“不得不”,其否定形式是don’ have to。例如:-What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?--Well, it ______ be big--that's not important.A.mustn't
B.needn't
C.can't
D.won't
【解析】Something big?此处意为:Must it be big? 回答者的意思是:房子不必太大—那并不重要。
【答案】B
(2)must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止,意思是“不能,不许”。例如: When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches
A.wouldn't
B.needn't
C.mustn't
D.daren't 【解析】当我年轻的时候,(家人)就一直告诫我千万不要玩火柴。【答案】C(3)must用于条件句或疑问句中,可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏要,硬要、干嘛”。例如: ①—May I smoke here ? —If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.A.should
B.could
C.may
D.must ②John, look at the time.___________ you play the piano at such a late hour? A.Must
B.Can
C.May
D.Need 【解析】must在这两道试题中均表示“非得,偏要”。【答案】① D
② A 2.should(1)should应该,表示“责任和义务”。例如:
According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A.may
B.can
C.would
D.should 【解析】should此处表示根据交通法规应尽的责任和义务。【答案】D(2)在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气,表示“与将来事实相反的假设”,用 If+主语+ should +动词原形,当“万一(会)”讲。这时可省略if,将should提到句首,变为倒装句式。请看下面的例子:
If it should rain(=Should it rain)tomorrow, I would stay at home.万一明天下雨的话,我就待在家里。再如:
________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you be
B.Should you be
C.Could you be
D.Might you be 【解析】句意:万一你被解雇,给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。【答案】B(3)should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思,译为“竟然,竟会”。例如:
You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.A.might
B.need
C.should
D.would 【解析】句意:你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。【答案】C 3.shall(1)shall用于第一和第三人称,常用于疑问句中,用来征求对方意见。例如: ①—What’s the name? —Khulaifi._________ I spell it for you?
A.Shall
B.Would
C.Can
D.Might 【答案】A
(2)用于第二和第三人称,表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。例如: —Excuse me.But I want to use your computer to type a report.—You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it.A.shan’t
B.might not
C.needn’t
D.shouldn’t 【解析】shall此处表示“警告”。【答案】A(3)shall也用于宣布法律、规定的要求。例如: ①—What does the sign over there read? —“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.”
A.will
B.may
C.shall
D.must 【解析】禁止吸烟是此处的规定。【答案】C 4.can(1)can可以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如:
How ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article? A.can
B.must
C.need
D.may 【答案】A(2)can也可以用来表示请求或许可。例如: —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock.______I go out and play with Tom for a while? —No, I’m afraid not.Besides, it’s raining outside now.A.Can’t
B.Wouldn’t
C.May
D.Won’t 【答案】A(3)can可以表达一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表达能力,但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力,尤指克服困难能够完成某事。例如: ①
If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, I would invite her to the party.A.couldn’t
B.shouldn’t
C.can’t
D.might not ②
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.A.had to
B.would
C.could
D.was able to 【答案】C 5.would(1)will与would可表示“意愿;意志 ”。
例如: John promised his doctor he _____ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.A.might
B.should
C.could
D.would 【解析】根据promise可知此处是John向医生表明自己的意志。【答案】D(2)would表示过去倾向性或习惯性的动作。used to 也有这一用法,但used to即可用来表达过去的习惯性的动作,也可用来表示过去的状态。例如:
① When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A.would
B.should
C.had better
D.might ② In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________.A.that used to be
B.it is used to
C.it was used to
D.it used to be 【解析】第一题would指过去习惯性的动作;第二题it 替代life, used to be 指过去的样子。【答案】A D
第五篇:情态动词教案
情态动词
【考纲解读】
情态动词与虚拟语气有千丝万缕的联系,它们往往放在一起考查。在近年高考题中,对情态动词的考查几乎每年都有纵观近几年的高考题可以看出,高考对情态动词的考查热点依次是:(1)推测和可能性;(2)“情态动词+have done”结构表示猜测或表示虚拟语气;(3)shall, should, can, must表示特定语气。尤其是对“情态动词+have done”结构的考查频率较高。试题的情景设置往往生动、真实,但考查的角度趋于细微化和综合化,有效信息较为隐蔽,这就决定了情态动词题是难题之一。情态动词题每年都考,所以本专题在高考中的重要地位是显而易见的。因而在复习中应引起高度重视,且依笔者之见,来年高考中对情态动词考查的可能性依然非常大。【知识要点】
一、情态动词的语法特征
1.情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2.情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3.情态动词没有人称、数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4.情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词等形式。
二、情态动词的基本用法 1.比较can 和be able to 1)can could 表示能力;可能(过去时用could),只用于现在时和过去时(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。2)只用be able to中情况: 位于助动词后; 情态动词后;
表示过去某时刻动作时; 用于句首表示条件;
表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.战争爆发前,他就逃离欧洲了。
注意:could,在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。表示提出委婉的请求(注意在回答中不可用could)。
—Could I have the television on? —Yes,you can./No,you can’t.He couldn’t be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。2.比较may和might
1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你!He might be at home.他有可能在家。
注意:might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2)may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为“不妨,还是……好”。You may(might)as well tell me the truth.你还是对我说实话好。3.比较have to和must
1)两词都是“必须”的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,即主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.昨天他不得不照看他的妹妹。3)在否定结构中:
don’t have to 表示“不必”(可以不可以都行);mustn’t表示“禁止” You don’t have to tell him about it.你不必把此事告诉他。You mustn’t tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。4.must表示推测
1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。
2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较:He must be staying there.他现在肯定在那里。He must stay there.他必须待在那里。
3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。—Why didn’t you answer my phone call?
—Well,I must have been sleeping,so I didn’t hear it.5)否定推测用can’t。
If Tom didn’t leave here until five o’clock,he can’t be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。5.表示推测的用法
can,could,may,might,must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下: 1)情态动词+动词原形
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。I don’t know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪儿,她可能在武汉。2)情态动词+动词现在进行时
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment,our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年12月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can’t,couldn’t表示。
Mike can’t have found his car,for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意:could,might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can,may。6.情态动词+have+过去分词
1)may(might)have+done sth.can(could)have+done sth.表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may(might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.飞利浦在那场车祸中有可能伤的很严重。
2)must have+done sth.对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”“谅必”的意思。
—Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.—She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth./should have done sth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)ought to 在语气上比should 要强。4)needn’t have done sth.本没必要做某事 I dressed very warmly for the trip,but I needn’t have done so.The weather was hot.那次旅行,我穿的非常暖和,但我本没有必要那么去做。天太热了。5)would like to have done sth.本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article,but I was very busy then.我本想读那本书,但我那时太忙了。7.should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思,可用于各种人称。—Ought he to go?
—Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该),had better最好),must(必须)渐强。8.had better表示“最好”
had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth.最好干某事
had better not do sth.最好不干某事
had better have done sth.表示与事实相反的结果,意为“本来最好”。9.would rather表示“宁愿” would rather do 宁可干某事
would rather not do 宁可不干某事 would rather...than...宁愿……而不愿
还有would sooner,had rather,had sooner都表示“宁愿”“宁可”的意思。I would rather stay here than go home.=I would stay here rather than go home.我宁可待在这儿也不回家。
10.will和would
1)would like;would like to do=want to 想要,为固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?你想和我一块儿去吗?
2)Will you...? Would you like...?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句 中一般用some,而不是any。
Would you like some cake?要蛋糕吗?
3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would,won’t you是一种委婉语气。Won’t you sit down?你不坐吗? 11.情态动词的回答方式
must和need相同:Yes,...must.No,...needn't/don't have to may和can could相同:Yes,...may/can/could.No,...mustn't/...'d better not/can't.shall:Yes,...can/may.No,...can't.should:Yes,...should.No,...shouldn't.will和would差不多:Yes,...do/will.No,...won't/thanks.典型例题
1)---Could I borrow your dictionary?---Yes,of course,you____.A.might B.will C.can D.should 答案C.could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态.答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表达,不能用could或might.复习:will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令.should与you 连用,用来提出劝告.2)---Shall I tell John about it?---No,you ___.I've told him already.A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't 答案A.needn't 不必,不用.wouldn't 将不,mustn't 禁止、不能.shouldn't 不应该.本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用needn't.3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.---______.A.I don't B.I won't C.I can't D.I haven't 答案B.will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表“意愿、意志、决心”,本题表示决心,选B.12.比较need和dare
一、need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought to,或should代替。多用在否定式或疑问句中.1.Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?
我需要明天参加会议吗? 2.You need not hand in the paper this week.这一周你不必交论文。
need 是一个情态动词,他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样,但 need 还可当作实义动词使用,这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数,后面加带 to 的动词等特性。1.I need a bike to go to school.我上学需要一辆自行车。2.Do you need a dictionary? 你需要词典吗? 3.She needs a necklace.她需要一条项链。
needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。You needn't have taken it seriously.这件事情你不必太认真。
二、Dare表示“敢”,Dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。多用在否定或疑问句中。1.The little girl dare not speak in public.小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。2.Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小猫吗? dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用,用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。
1.Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗?
2.He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。
三、Dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,所不同的是,作实义动词时,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如:
I dare to swim across this river.He does not dare(to)answer.Don't you dare(to)touch it!I wondered he dare(to)say that.He needs to finish it this evening.另外need 的被动含义:need,want,require,worth(形容词)后面接doing,也 可以表示被动:need doing=need to be done Shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿.如:What shall we do this evening? 2.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示.如:Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 3.Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁.如:You shall fail if you don't work harder.(警告)He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺)He shall be punished.(威胁)