专业英语教案02烃的命名

第一篇：专业英语教案02烃的命名

第二课

烃的命名

一、有关单词 alkanes 链状烷烃 nomenclature 命名法 structural formula 结构式

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)国际纯粹与应用化学联合会 Prefix 词头，前缀 烷烃

饱和开链（非环）烃（CnH2n+2）以-ane作为词尾来命名，前四个烃采用俗名，其余烷烃英文名称的前面部分来自希腊文词头，表示碳原子数目，后接词尾-ane。如果词头中最后一个字母为a，则将a省去。

Si前缀：

0.1 hemi 1 mono 1.5 sesqui 2 di(bis)3 tri(tris)4 tetra(tetrakis)5 penta 6 hexa 7 hepta 8 octa 9 nona 10 deca 11 undeca 12 dodeca 13 trideca 14 tetradeca 15 pentadeca 16 hexadeca 17 heptadeca 18 octadeca 19 nonadeca 20 icosa 21 henicosa 22 docosa 30 triaconta 31hentriaconta 32 dotriaconta 40 tetraconta 41 hentetraconta 42 dotetraconta 50 pentaconta 60 hexaconta 70 heptaconta 80 octaconta 90 nonaconta 100 hectaaconta 110 decahecta 120 icosahecta 130 triacontahecta 132 dotriacontahecta 烷烃命名：见课本

若侧链烷基不只出现一次，用二(di-)、三(tri-)、四(tetra-)等表示。命名时，侧链名称依字母顺序（不包括倍数词头）列出。侧链的名称按全称从第一个字母开始考虑排列顺序。

烷基的命名是把烷烃中的-ane变成-yl 注意词头异(iso-）、新(neo-)、仲(sec-)、叔(tert-)的用法，并注意外文何时使用斜体字。斜体词头不纳入字母顺序排列，因而仲丁基(sec-butyl)列在异丁基(tert-butyl)之前。

如：CH3CH2CH(CH3)2

2-methylbutane CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3

3-methylpentane CH3CH2CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH2C(CH3)3

5-ethyl-2,2-dimethyloctane CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH(CH2CH3)

3-ethyl-6-methyloctane CH3CH2CH2CH2C(C(CH3)3)2CH2CH(CH3)2

4,4-bis(tert-butyl)-2-methyloctane 亚基的命名：用-ylidene代替-ane。例外：对于甲烷而言，亚甲基methylene而不是methylidene。

Alkanes 烷烃

Ideally, every organic compound should have a name that clearly describes its structure and from which a structural formula can be drawn.最好每一种有机化合物都有一个能清楚的描述其结构的名字，通过它的名字能画出结构式。For this purpose, chemists throughout the world have accepted a set of rules established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC).为此，全世界的化学家们普遍接受一套由国际纯粹与应用化学联合会建立的规则。This system is known as the IUPAC system, or alternatively, the Geneva system because the first meetings of the IUPAC were held in Geneva, Switzerland.这系统就是IUPAC 系统，因为IUPAC的第一次会议在瑞士的日内瓦举行也叫Geneva系统。The IUPAC name of an alkane with an unbranched chain of carbon atoms consists of two parts:(1)a prefix that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the chain;and(2)the ending-ane, to show that the compound is an alkane.IUPAC 对不带分支的碳原子链的命名分两部分：（1）词头表明链中碳原子的数目；（2）后面的-ane表明化合物是烷烃。Prefixes used to show the presence of from one to 20 carbon atoms are given in Table 1 前缀用来表示1-20之间的碳原子数，如表1所示。

Table 1

prefixes used in the IUPAC system to indicate 1 to 20 carbon atoms in a chain 表1

IUPAC系统中表示链中有1-20个碳原子的前缀

Prefix number of carbon atoms碳原子的前缀 Prefix number of carbon atoms meth 1 undec 11 eth 2 dodec 12 prop 3 tridec 13 but 4 tetradec 14 pent 5 pentadec 15 hex 6 hexadec 16 hept 7 heptadec 17 oct 8 octadec 18 non 9 nonadec 19 dec 10 eicos 20 The IUPAC name of a substituted alkane consists of a parent name, which indicates the longest chain of carbon atoms in the compound, and substituted names, which indicate the groups attached to the parent chain.IUPAC对有取代的烷烃的命名由两部分组成：主链名，表示化合物中最长的碳链的碳原子数目；取代基名，表示连在主链上的取代基。

CH3－CH2－CH2－CH(CH3)－CH2－CH2－CH2－CH2－CH3 A substituent group derived from an alkane is called an alkyl group.由烷烃衍生而来的取代基叫做烷基。The letter R-is commonly used to show the presence of an alkyl group.通常用字母R-表示烷基的存在。Alkyl groups are named by dropping the-ane from the name of the parent alkane and adding the suffix-yl.烷基通常是通过去掉母烃的-ane并加上后缀-yl来命名的。For example, the alkyl substituent CH3CH2－ is named ethyl.例如，CH3CH2–被命名为乙基。

CH3CH3

CH3CH2－

ethane(parent hydrocarbon)

ethyl group(an alkyl group)Following are the rules of the IUPAC system for naming alkanes.下面是IUPAC体系命名的规则：

1.The general name of a saturated hydrocarbon is alkane.饱和的碳氢化合物通常命名为烷烃。

2.For branched-chain hydrocarbon, the hydrocarbon derived from the longest chain of carbon atoms is taken as the parent chain, and the IUPAC name is derived from that of the parent chain.对于支化型碳氢化合物，将含碳原子最多的最长的碳链作为母体，IUPAC的名字就由母链而来。

3.Group attached to the parent chain is called substituents.Each substituent is given a name and a number.The number shows the carbon atom of the parent chain to which the substituent is attached.连在母链上的基团叫做取代基。每个取代基都被赋予一个名字和一个数字。数字表示取代基是连在哪一个母链的碳原子上。

4.If the same substituent occurs more than once, the number of each carbon of the parent chain on which the substituent occurs is given.In addition, the number of times the substituent group occurs is indicated by a prefix di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and so on.如果不止一次相同的取代，就要给出母链上每一个碳原子发生该取代的次数。另外，取代基出现的次数的数字用前缀di-.tri-,tetra-,penta-等表示。

5.If there is one substituent, the parent chain is numbered from the end that gives it the lower number.If there are two or more substituents, the parent chain is numbered from the end that gives the lower number to the substituent encountered first.如果只有一次取代，母链从给它最小数字的一端开始标记数字，如果有两种或者更多的取代，母链从给第一个取代基最小数字的一端开始标记。

6.If there are two or more different substituents, they are listed in alphabetical order.When listing substituents, the prefixes iso-and neo-are considered in alphabetizing.The prefixes sec-and tert-are ignored in alphabetizing substituents.Further, the multiplying prefixes di, tri, tetra, and so on are also ignored in alphabetizing substituents.如果有两种或者两种以上不同的取代，取代依照字母的顺序列出。当按字母列出取代时，可以将前缀iso-和neo-考虑进去。前缀sec-和tert-在按字母顺序表示取代时是不采用的。此外，表示多倍的前缀di, tri, tetra等在这个体系中也不采用。

Alkenes烯烃

Alkanes have a single bond between the carbon atoms.烷烃碳碳原子间是单键。Alkenes have a double bond(two bonds)between two of the carbon atoms.烯烃的两个碳原子间是双键。

C=C Consider two carbon atoms connected by a double bond.考虑到两个碳原子间由一个双键连接。Since this double bond uses four electrons from both carbons, a total of only four hydrogen atoms will satisfy all of the remaining bonds.因为这种双键要从两个碳原子中占用四个电子，总共只要四个氢原子就能满足所有其它的键。Recall that a single bond represents a pair of shared electrons;a double bond represents two pairs of shared electrons.回顾一下：单键表示一对共用的电子；双键表示两对共用的电子。This compound thus becomes CH2=CH2 因此这种化合物为CH2=CH2 And has the molecular formula C2H4.分子式为C2H4。It is called ethene.叫做烯烃。Alkynes炔烃

Consider two carbon atoms connected by a triple bond.考虑三键连接着的两个碳原子 －C≡C－

How many hydrogen atoms must be connected to these two carbon atoms to satisfy all the bond requirements? 这样的两个碳原子必须连接多少氢原子才能满足所有键的要求。The answer is two, so the molecular formula of this compound is C2H2.答案是两个，因此这种化合物的分子式是C2H2。This compound is called ethyne.这种化合物称为炔烃。Its structure is 结构是

H－C≡C－H

第二篇：专业英语教案

专业英语教案（其中放假1次，期中习题课1次）

Unit 1 TECTONICS(4课时)（1：The structure of the earth 2：plate tectonic

3：Earthquakes）

一、Word and phrase core;mantle;crust 地核；地幔；地壳 continental crust

大陆地壳

granite;basalt

花岗岩；玄武岩 sial;sima硅铝层；硅镁层

surface waves;body..面波；体波 epicentre;focus

震中；震源

lithosphere

岩石圈 tectonic plate

构造板块 continetal drift

大陆漂移

asthenosphere

软流层 ocean ridge 洋脊 ocean trench 海沟

subduction 俯冲作用

volcanism

火山作用

fold mountain

褶皱山脉

fold;fault

褶皱；断层 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩

vent

火山口

lava

熔岩 volcanic cones 火山锥

parasitic cone

寄生火山锥

plug

岩颈

volcanic ash

火山灰

二、重点内容

1..Within the crust, intricate patterns are created when rocks are redistributed and deposited in layers through the geologic processes of eruption and intrusion of lava, erosion, and consolidation of rock particles, and solidification and recrystallization of porous rock.2.The lithosphere is a relatively inflexible and buoyant layer.It is the layer which floats on the material underneath and as it moves carries the continents that produce continental drift.3.There are three types of plate boundaries:

Divergent(diverge, divergence)boundaries--where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other.Convergent(converge, convergent)boundaries--where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another.Transform boundaries--where crust is neither produced nor destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each other.4.Earthquakes occur when normal movement of the crust are concentrated into a single shock of a series of sudden shocks.三、词汇解释 ocean ridges continental rift rift valley convergent trench arc and back-arc-basin system transcurrent fault abyssal intrusion fold mountains sendimentary rock Unit 2 WEATHERING（4课时）

(1：Weathering 2：Controls on weathering)

一、Word and phrase mechanical weathering

机械风化 chemical weathering

化学风化 freeze-thaw

冻融

pressure release

卸荷释重 limestone

石灰岩

hydrolysis

水解作用 quartz

石英

hydration 水合作用 oxidation 氧化作用 alluvium

冲击层 gravel

砂砾

denudation

剥蚀作用 precipitation

降水 climatic zone

气候带 mid-latitude

中纬度

semi-arid

半干旱

tropical wet-dry

热带干湿季气候 watershed

分水岭 drainage basin

流域

regolith

风化层

二、重点

1.The disintegration(breaking into parts)of rock that takes place at or near the surface of the earth is called weathering.2.PHYSICAL WEATHERING It occurs when a force is applied to rock, causing it to disintegrate into its basic components(what it makes of).temperature changing--it expands and contracts rock particles to breaks rock apart.frost action--it condenses water vapor in cooling air to form water that seeps into cracks in rock.organic(have life)activity--plants or other organisms grow and burrow(go into)into cracks in rock, so the rock crumble over time.3.CHEMICAL WEATHERING The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.The agents of chemical weathering Water Oxygen Carbon dioxide Living organisms Acid rain 4.WeatheringThe movement of weathered material from the site of weathering.Primary agent is gravity, but gravity acts in concert with running water.5.control on weathering-climate

-precipitation-variations in the depth of wreathing for climatic zones from the pole to the tropocs

-geology(chemical composition;the natural of cements in sedimentary rock;joint and bedding plants)

三、词语翻译 weathering crust weathering joint mineral deposit by weathering weathering of rock mass decomposition product decomposition reaction disintegration coefficient To move back and forth alternately.a mineral substance waste substance

A simple substance, mixture mechanical weathering landscape marble landscape ecosystem moisture equivalent

measurement of soil moisture constant.fluctuation of temperature

Unit 3 SLOPES（2课时）

(1：Slope

2：Slope controls 3：Theories of slope evolution movements)

一、words and phrase soil creep

土壤蠕动 mass movement

块体运动 strata

地层

overland runoff

地表径流 sheet wash

片状冲刷

pediment

山前侵蚀平原（山足面）rockfall山崩

landslide

滑坡

二、重点内容

1.slope(definition)2.factor of controlling slope development-climate-geology-vegetation-soil cover-human activity 3.theories of slope evolution-slope decline:w.m.davies

4：Mass

-slope replacement:waltherpenck

-slope retreat:l.c.king

4.mass movement-small movement(soil creep)-fast movement(avalanches)

三、翻译句子 Mass movements are part of a continuum of erosional processes between weathering and stream transport.Mass movement causes regolith and rock to move down-slope where sooner or later the loose particles will be picked up by another transporting agent and eventually moved to a site of deposition such as an ocean basin or lake bed.Unit 4 HYDTOLOGY（2课时）The river basin hydrological cycle 2：Drainage basin hydrology 3：Seasonal variations in river flow: the regime

一、words and phrase interception

截流

evapotranspiration 蒸发和蒸腾总量 capillary rise

毛管上升 aeration zone

包气带

overland flow;interflow;base flow

地表径流；壤中流；地下径流 water table

潜水面（水位）

basin length;area 流域长度;流域面积 tributary 支流； trunk stream 干流

drainage density

河网密度

二、重点内容

1.The basin hydrological cycle –input(precipitation)and outputs(evapotranspiration and runoff)-interception by vegetation-soil moisture and infiltration

2.The definition of the drainage basin is the area which drains into a particular river or river system.（precipitation via interception, soil moisture and groundwater storage, evapotranspiration）3.Basin plan

4.Stream ordering

6.Drainage density

三、课后练习

Main components P

precipitation E

evaporation T

transpiration I

infiltration R

runoff G

ground water flow Ic

interception Unit 5 The long profile and Rivers as sediment systems（2课时）

一、words and phrase upper;middle;lower reach 上中下游 vertical erosion

下切侵蚀 headward erosion

溯源侵蚀 lateral erosion

侧蚀 pot-hole

壶穴 meander

曲流 ox-bow lake

牛轭湖 delta

三角洲 lake basin

湖盆 levee

天然提

rill and gully erosion 细沟、冲沟侵蚀 clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂

suspended sediment

悬浮沉积物 atmospherical fallout

大气沉降 laminar flow

层流 turbulent flow

紊流 riffle;pool 浅滩；深槽

channel roughness

河道粗糙度

二、重点内容

1.As rivers evolve through time and over distance the stream passes through a series of distinct stages: youth(lakes, waterfalls, and rapids, initial uplift)middle youth(headward erosion, deepening of channel)early maturity(a smoothly profile, floodplain)approaching full maturity(meanders, river in equilibrium)full maturity(broad floodplain and freely menders)

2.critical erosion velocity

3.type of flow-laminar flow and turbulent flow

三、理解下图内容

Cross-sectional shape varies with position in the stream, and discharge.Thedeepest part of channel occurs where the stream velocity is the highest.Both width and depth increase downstream because discharge increases downstream.As discharge increases the cross sectional shape will change, with the stream becoming deeper and wider.Unit 6 Meanders and Deltas and estuaries（2课时）

sandbar

沙坝 thalweg中泓线 estuary 河口

lagoon

泻湖 salinity

盐度 coastline

海岸线 dune

沙丘

suspension;saltation;creep

悬移；跃移；蠕移 dust storm

尘暴 windward;leeward

迎风；背风 prevailing wind

盛行风 deflation hollow

风蚀凹地

二、重点内容 1.helicoidal flow

2.the wavelength of meanders is dependent on three majors of factors: channel width, discharge, and the nature of the bed and banks.3.factors of affect the formation of deltas: amount and calibre of load, salinity, gradient of coastline , vegetation, low energy river discharge.4.three forms of deltas: arcuate, cuspate, bird’s foot.5.estuaries occur where a coastal area has recently subsided or the ocean level has risen, causing the lower part of the river to be drowned.三、理解下列句子

TerracesGlaciers erode in several ways.:Abrasion and plucking.sediment transportation Glacial Deposition 4.Landforms produced by mountain: Cirques, Glacial Valleys, Arêtes, Horns.三、理解下列图片内容。

第三篇：专业英语教案

课程名称：计算机专业英语 授课教师：常文慧 教学课时：2学时

授课班级：计科1101-1105班

授课内容：Basic Computer Hardware Components

一、教学要求

1、掌握计算机内部、外部常用部件名称

2、熟悉输入设备（input devices）、输出设备(output devices)的组成

3、了解计算机英语词汇的简称

4、在对教材全文的翻译过程中掌握专业文献的写作技巧

二、教学目的专业英语是计算机科学与技术专业的一门必修课，通过让学生阅读、讨论计 算机科学与技术等专业有关的英语词汇和文章翻译，培养学生的阅读、翻译及写作专业文献的能力，扩大学生的专业知识面和提高外语能力。

三、教学方法

以文字教材为基础，以精读和泛读相结合强化教学的重、难点内容，结合课上与学生的互动，以学生为主体进行本门课的学习。

四、教学内容

1、课堂提问

（5 minutes）提问问题“What are the main parts of the computer?”。

通过此问题让学生说出知道的计算机英语词汇或命令，引导学生进入课文“Basic Computer Hardware Components”，在学习英语的同时给学生插入熟悉的计算机知识，提高学生学习的兴趣。

2、词汇讲解

（25 minutes）

复习熟悉的词汇同时带领学生学习陌生单词，同时针对重点和难点读单词难，记不住，采用第一次给学生写出音标，领着读的手段，同时向学生介绍单词快速记忆方法。

重点词汇：type

v.打字

n.类型

bonkers

adj.疯狂的identify

vt.识别，鉴别

accessory

n.附件 adj.附属的

delicate

adj.精巧的，精密的 exotic

adj.外来的transfer

n.&vt.转写，转移，传递

operation n.运行，实施 重点短语:

Build into 使„„成为组成部分

show up 露出，露面

Find out

找出，发现，认识到

come up with 提出，拿出

Refer to 提到，谈到，打听

floppy disk 软盘

Home computer 家用计算机

away from 远离 简写词汇

CPU(Central Processing Unit)中央处理器

CD(Compact Disc)光盘 在词汇及短语的讲解中，需结合例句对重点词汇进行讲解。

The keyboard is the part with the letters and numbers, where you put your hands and type.键盘是印有字母和数字的部件，你可以把手指放在这些字母和数字上来输入它们。

The keyboard may be attached to or built into one of the computer.键盘可能会连接或内置于计算机上。

Calling the mouse an accessory is just one of those gooly things technical people do, and it’s best not to disturb their delicate sensibilities.将鼠标叫做附件是技术人员做的傻事，最好不要碰触他们敏感的神经。

3、文章翻译讲解

（50分钟）在此环节，主要以学生为主体，采用以下教学手段。

（1）由于在“Basic Computer Hardware Computer”中，共涉及到了七个大的段落，分别为计算机的不同组成部分，主要分为“Keyboard”“,Monitor”，“Computer or CPU Box”，“Mouse”，“External Drives”，“External Modem”及“Printer”几个部分，故可针对每个部分的内容找出一名学生进行阅读，针对不正确的发音进行纠正。

（2）对每个段落中涉及到的重点及难点词汇进行讲解说明，通过举例使学生加深对重难点词汇的理解，包括“cellular phone”，“be attached to”，“part”，“know about”，“human being”，“be supposed to”，“take up”，“depend on”，“persist in”等重点词汇，通过对单词短语的意思进行解释为进一步的文献翻译奠定基础。（3）对七个不同的段落分别请七个学生进行翻译，并针对翻译中出现的具体问题进行纠正讲解，在讲解翻译的过程中穿插专业文献翻译及写作的注意事项，为学生在将来专业文献的阅读及写作奠定基础。

4、课堂小结

（10分钟）（1）带领学生一起对本节课讲解的重点词汇进行总结，同时对学生在翻译中出错的段落进行重复强调。

（2）请两个学生分别用两分钟时间结合新学的词汇对本次课的内容进行说明，重点说明计算机内部、外部的常用部件及课程中涉及到的专业文献翻译、写作的注意事项。

5、课后作业 课后题：1,2

五、课程难点

计算机科学与技术专业词汇及外围设备相关术语 计算机各外围设备的作用

六、教学方式和手段

强调口语的教学，通过分组讨论激发学生对专业英语学习的积极性 结合多媒体动画、录像、课件及板书进行讲解 通过课堂提问强调学生的课堂参与性

七、参考文献

1、张强华，司爱侠.计算机专业英语.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.2、朱龙.计算机专业英语.北京:人民邮电出版社,2012.3、任伟.计算机专业英语.北京:清华大学出版社,2011

4、[英]霍恩比著,王玉章等译.牛津高阶英汉双解词典.牛津大学出版社,2009.5、周生炳.计算机英语教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.课程名称：计算机专业英语 授课教师：常文慧 教学课时：2学时

授课班级：计科1101-1105班

授课内容：Word:Working With Text and Style

一、教学要求

1、掌握word的文本使用与样式设置

2、熟悉文本及样式操作的相关专业词汇及短语

3、通过对全文的翻译理解掌握专业文献的写作格式

4、掌握专业文献的写作技巧

二、教学目的本次课主要通过对word中文本与样式设置的讲解，使学生在技术上熟悉具体软件操作的同时，对涉及到的专业词汇进行了深入掌握，通过对文章的阅读翻译，掌握专业文档的写作技巧，提高学生翻译及写作专业文献的能力。

三、教学方法

通过对实际软件的操作结合本文进行讲解，由于学生对word的操作相对较为熟练，因此以此为教学方法能够激发学生学习的积极性，同时通过与与学生的互动，在活跃的课堂气氛下进行本门课的学习。

四、教学内容

1、知识回顾

（5 minutes）

对在“Basic Computer Hardware Components”学习中涉及到得重点词汇及翻译难点进行复习，从而能够对学生的课下学习情况进行掌握。

2、课堂提问

（5 minutes）提问问题“How to set the text and style with word?”。

通过此问题让学生说出知道的word操作方法，引导学生进入课文“Word：Working With Text and Style”，在学习英语的同时给学生插入熟悉的word操作知识，并通过与学生的互动来提高学生学习的兴趣。

3、词汇讲解

（25 minutes）在此环节，同样根据“温故而知新”的原则，复习熟悉词汇的同时带领学生学习陌生单词，同时针对重点和难点读单词，采用第一次给学生写出音标，领着读的手段。

重点词汇：

shortcut

n.捷径

arrow

n.箭头记号，箭 keystroke n.键击，按键

attribute

n.属性，品质，特征

deselect

n.取消选定

demonstrate v.示范，展示，演示

stationary adj.固定的，不动的remain

vi.保持，保留 重点短语: Hold down

保持按下，持续按住

drag and drop 拖拽 Drop-down menu 下拉菜单

format painter 格式刷 Dialog box 对话框

paragraph symbol 段落符 在词汇及短语的讲解中，需结合例句对重点词汇进行讲解。

I couldn't let the team take that shortcut.我不能允许我们的团队走此捷径 Neither attribute seems particularly beneficial for their clients.这两种特征似乎 都不是特别有利于他们的客户。

Experimental psychologists use such exercises to demonstrate cognitive illusions.实验心理学家利用这种练习来证明认知错觉。

it.你可以在烟火迸发的地点上面或者附近找个固定的物体对焦。Unemployment will remain structurally high.失业率仍然保持结构性高位。

4、文章翻译讲解

（50分钟）为了锻炼学生在以后的学习及工作中阅读及书写专业文档的能力，在此环节，主要以学生为主体，教师辅助教学的方法来进行讲授，从而不但调动了学生的积极性，也增加了课堂的活跃性。

（1）在“Word：Working With Text and Style”全文中，关于“Working With Text”的描述共有4个小节，分别叙述如何进行“输入文本”，“删除文本”，“选择文本”及“文本格式设置”，在关于“Styles”共涉及到6个小节在此段落，故需分别请10位学生进行阅读，并针对出现的错误进行纠正。

（2）对各段落中涉及到的重点及难点进行讲解说明，主要包括“blinking cursor”，“be located”，“highlighted”，“depressed”，“increase indent”，“access”，“be recommended”，“make changes from”等重点词汇及短语，并在讲解的同时通过举例使学生加深对重难点词汇的理解。

（3）分别请10个同学对不同段落进行翻译，在纠正学生翻译问题的过程中利用多媒体结合word软件对相关术语、段落的翻译进行讲述，同时针对在专业文档写作过程中可能出现的问题进行说明，以避免学生在后续专业文档的翻译写作中出现错误。

5、课堂小结

（10分钟）（1）通过利用多媒体演示word软件，采用边操作边对本次课相关术语进行复习的手段，带领学生对本次课的主要内容进行回忆。

（2）请学生到讲台，对其他学生进行word软件的演示，并配合英语口语的讲述，讲述完成后，台下学生进行评价，说明存在的问题及正确答案。随后教师针对存在的问题再次进行讲解。

6、课后作业

课后题：1,2

五、课程难点

本次课涉及到的专业名词较多，在学生对文档的翻译中，需一边查看单词一边进行翻译，故在此环节，需要学生加强课下对相关词汇的记忆。

六、参考文献

1、张强华，司爱侠.计算机专业英语.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.2、朱龙.计算机专业英语.北京:人民邮电出版社,2012.3、任伟.计算机专业英语.北京:清华大学出版社,2011

4、[英]霍恩比著,王玉章等译.牛津高阶英汉双解词典.牛津大学出版社,2009.5、周生炳.计算机英语教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.

第四篇：专业英语教案10酶

Lesson 10 Enzymes酶

Enzymes are gigantic molecules with typical molecular weights ranging from about 6000 to more than 600,000.酶是大分子，大多数分子量在6000到60万间。Moreover, enzymes are much more complex structurally than the catalysts considered thus far in the section, and their catalytic sites are far more intricate.而且，酶在结构上比这章中迄今所讨论的催化剂要复杂的多，他们的催化位置也十分复杂。Enzymes have evolved by the life process to be extremely specific catalyst;each enzyme is a catalyst for only one biological reaction or, sometimes, one class of reaction.生命过程中酶是十分特殊的催化剂，每个酶是只催化一种（有时是一类）生物反应的催化剂。The typical enzyme has a catalytic site that bonds specifically to a single reactant and activates it.典型的具有一个催化点，只能健合特定的单一反应物并激活它。The catalytic site is multifunctional, bonding to the reactant at more than one position, almost to the exclusion of all but closely similar molecules(often products), and these similar molecules are reaction inhibitors.催化位置是多功能的，键合到反应物上多于一个位置，除了相似的分子或产品外，几乎排除所有的位置，这些相似的分子是反应阻聚剂。Enzymes catalyze conversion of biological molecules with very high selectivities and at high rates, typically in the range of 10 to l000 molecules/(enzymes).酶以高选择性高速度催化生物分子的转化，每个酶催化的典型范围为10到1000分子

Each enzyme has a unique three-dimensional structure that usually includes a pocket or cleft presenting an array of functional groups positioned to bond to complementary functional groups of the reactant molecule.酶具有独一无二的三维结构，通过包括缺陷，能够与反应物分子的功能团完全结合。The region of the cleft is a three-dimensional microenvironment, and the bonding of the reactant is comparable to a highly specific chemisorption.缺陷的区域是三维的微环境，对于反应物的键合具有高化学选择性。Nature's process of Darwinian selection has led to the biosynthesis of individual enzyme molecules each of which is in essence a unique multifunctional catalytic site that allows bonding and conversion of a particular reactant or class of reactants.达尔文的自然进化论导致了单个酶分子的生物合成，允许特定反应物的转化。Other chemical properties of enzymes besides those of the catalytic site are important also: the functional groups on the outer surface, for example, determine the enzyme's affinity for particular locations in the biological cell, such as the aqueous environment of the cytoplasm or the hydrophobic environment of a cell wall or other membrane.除了催化位置外，酶的其它化学性质也很重要：外部空间的官能团决定了生物细胞特定位置酶的亲和性，如细胞质的水性环境或细胞壁或其它膜的疏水性。

Enzymes catalyze biological reactions;and since living organisms usually exist only at relatively mild temperatures, most enzymes function only under these conditions.由于生物体通常存在于相对温和的环境下，酶催化的生物反应通常在这样的条件下进行。Enzymes are delicate and do not retain their structures under conditions much outside the range characteristic of living organisms, although they may function in vitro in atypical environments such as nonaqueous solvents.虽然酶的结构在生物体以外的范围内不能保证，但是也可能在体外这种非水性溶剂的环境中起作用。Some organisms, such as those living in hot springs, have adapted to relatively high temperatures, and they could not exist without enzymes that are stable and active at these temperatures.在温泉中存在的某些有机体已经适应了相对高的温度，在这样的温度下，如果没有酶，有机体会变得不稳定。

There is a great variety of biological reactions, including, for example,(1)the break down of proteins and sugars occurring in the digestive tracts of animals,(2)the biosynthetic reactions that lead to growth and replacement of living organisms,(3)photosynthesis, and(4)oxidations that proceed by intricate pathways that convert food(e.g., sugars, proteins, etc.)into CO2 water and energy in a biologically useful form.例如，有大量的生物反应，（1）动物的消化道内发生蛋白质和糖的断裂，（2）生物合成反应导致活的有机体的生长和取代，（3）光合作用，（4）通过氧化，以错综复杂的方式把食物转化为CO2，水和生物利用形式的能量。

Many enzyme-catalyzed reactions take place in biological cells.许多酶催化反应发生在生物细胞内。

The contents of cells are organized into well-defined domains.细胞是很好的界定区域。The cytoplasm is an aqueous biological soup with many molecules, including reactants, products, and enzymes in solution.细胞质是由许多分子的水相细胞浆，包括反应物，产品，酶。The membranes are much more highly structured.膜是高度构造的。Enzymes are also present in membranes and in cellular subunits called organelles.酶也包含在膜和细胞子单元中，称为细胞器。These bound enzymes are sometimes present in arrays that can be described as assembly lines.这些酶有机以序列的形式出现，被描述为装配线。Evidently, the product of reaction in one enzyme is transported to the next enzyme in line so that a sequence of reactions takes place efficiently.很明显地，一个酶反应的产品进行装配线的下一个酶，使反应高效的依次发生。Nature's catalysts function in highly sophisticated reactors.在高度复杂的反应器中发生自然的催化反应。

Enzymes are usually named for the reactions they catalyze.酶通常以其催化的反应命名。For example, lysozyme catalyzes reactions that lead to the breakdown by hydrolysis(lysing)of polysaccharides;isomerases catalyze isomerization reactions;dehydrogenases catalyze dehydrogenation reactions;and so forth.例如，溶菌酶催化的反应使多糖水解，异构酶催化异构化反应，脱氢酶催化脱氢反应，等等。More specifically, alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze alcohol dehydrogenations, and L-lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the dehydrogenation of L-lactate(to give pyruvate).更特别的是，醇脱氢酶催化醇的脱氢，L－乳酸脱氢酶催化L－乳酸的脱氢（得到丙酮酸盐）。Because the composition and structure of one kind of enzyme from one plant, animal, or bacterium may be different from those of the same kind of enzyme from another plant, animal, or bacterium, a further specification includes the source, for example, horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.因为植物、动物或细菌中酶的组成和结构不同于其它植物、动物或细菌中相同类型的酶，所以需要更进一步的分类，例如，马肝醇脱氢酶。

第五篇：旅游专业英语教案1

Unit one

World Tourism Organization

Teaching Objectives

1.Become familiar with World Tourism Organization 2.Become familiar with Key Benefits of Tourism 3.Be able to make the conversations at the Guests’ Arrival 4.Understand some sentence structures and patterns

Teaching Approaches 1.Introduce the history of the Tourism 2.Tell them something about the World Tourism Organization 3.Describe briefly the benefits of tourism 4.Let the students read the materials about tourism 5.Discuss the process of Guests’ Arrival at the airport 6.Homework

Focus on

1．World Tourism Organization & Key Benefits of Tourism 2.Guests’ Arrival

Time Allocations World Tourism Organization A Conceptual Framework：

World Tourism Organization & Key Benefits of Tourism(3 periods)Guests’ Arrival(3 periods)

Teaching Difficulties The new words Usages Some useful expressions Difficulties

Teaching Methods

Teacher’s Explanations Questions Discussing Exercises

Teaching Procedures

World Tourism Organization & Key Benefits of Tourism

常用英语及词汇

Travelingat airport 常用语句

我该到哪里办联合航空 706 次班机登机手续？ Where may I check in for United flight number 706?

什么时候开始登机？

What time will boarding start? 我要转法国航空 123 号班机。

I'm connecting with AF123.哪里可以询问转接班机的事情？

Where can I get information on a connecting flight?

基础词汇

护照 Passport 签证 Visa

入境记录卡 Embarkation Card 出境记录卡 Disembarkation Card 入境大厅 Arrival Lobby 出境大厅 Departure Lobby 登机门号码 Gate Number 登机证 Boarding Card 机场税 Airport Tax 商务签证 Business Visa

旅客登机报到处 Check in Counter 观光签证 Tourist Visa