第一篇：学为贵雅思听力167同义替换
学为贵雅思听力167同义替换（147+新增20）学为贵雅思整理雅思听力167同义替换。147
1.Establish-built
2.Building-construction 3.Rebuilt--reconstruct 4.expertise-ability
5.Noisy-disturbing--not quiet 6.Open--not close
7.Boring--not interesting 8.Risky--dangerous
9.Less likely-tends not 10.Not include-exclude 11.Steal-theft 12.Tent-marquee 13.Coastline-shore 14.Cost-price-expenses 15.Cost-pay-fee 16.Money-funds 17.More than-over 18.Classify-category 19.Accommodation-living 20.Drop in-fall 21.Entrance-access 22.Double-twice 23.Behind-back 24.Export-abroad 25.Purpose-aim
26.No military-peaceful 27.Tactics-strategies 28.Student-pupil
29.At present-already 30.Overlook-underestimate 31.Find-discover 32.Density-how much 33.Copy-repeat 34.Ideal-perfect 35.Rigorous-strict 36.Restrict/limit
37.Unrestricted/ no limit 38.Feature-characteristic 39.Bury-underground 40.Artwork-painting 41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.84.Bone-skeleton Food-feed Sales-retail Sea-marine care/caution
Update-more current
out of date/ old fashioned
Particular-special /In particular/ especially
Press/media/ newspaper Mate/friend
Perspective/ analysis Renovate/ fix/ repair Enlarge/ add
Implication/ explanation Temporary/ a short time Book/reserve
Booking/reservation Climb/ go up/ increase
Difficult/hard/ not easy/simple Round/curve Order/sequence Shorten-cut down
Carving/ sculpture/ statue Ancient/ medieval
Inhabitants-people-population-resident Personal illness-medical-sickness Entertainment/recreation/leisure Environment-neighborhood-surrounding Ways-how-method-approach
Time pressure-deadline-on time Handle-deal with-cope with Lack of/fewer/shortage
Lack of/ not sufficient/ not enough Support-help-assistance-aids
Staff shortage-understaffed-staff cuts Alone-single-by themselves Show-demonstrate-display Maximum-up to-at most
Minimum/at least/begin/start
Financial affair-economic situation Have different views-not agree with Lower-reduce-fewer-decrease
Various-different-variety-diversity-range of Occupation-profession-jobs 85.Animals-wildlife-marine creature-mammals 86.Prepare refreshments-hospitality 87.Annual-every year
88.Every month-monthly-four weeks 89.Every day-daily
90.Shape like –look like 91.Depress-dispirit
92.Camera-photographs-pictures 93.Plant-tree-vegetation 94.Well-known-famous--fame 95.Type –sort--kind
96.Specialize in-focus-emphasis 97.Reference materials-book-journals 98.Part-component-proportion-percent 99.Change-alter-modify-adjust 100.Representative-typical 101.Rural area-countryside 102.Accurately-precisely 103.Hypothesis-not clear 104.Exceed-above
105.Deadline/extension/extend 106.Online-internet-website 107.Movie-film/documentary 108.Demand/need/require 109.Fuel/coal/firewood
110.Statistics/data/ figure 111.Jewels/precious stones 112.Institution/university
113.Advantage/benefit/ positive/good thing/ strength 114.Disadvantage/ drawback/ shortcoming/negative/problem 115.Increase/improve 116.Most/ majority 117.Not many/ very few
118.Some/ quite a bit/ a little
119.amount of/ lots of/ large quantities of 120.limited/ just a few/ a small number of 121.Geology/ fossils/rocks
122.Organization/ business/ company 123.Less suspicious/ trust 124.In advance/ before/ ahead 125.warning/ alarm 126.produce/generate 127.staffing/ recruit
128.geographical/ cliff/ rocks 129.130.131.132.133.134.135.136.137.138.139.140.141.142.143.144.145.146.147.at present/ existing
organize/organization/ structure computer/ laptop
more often/ more frequent early on/ beginning/ basics parallel/ along press/ newspaper handy/convenient
gym/fitness center(suite)/keep-fit studio uncommon/special/ unique/unusual Place-where-spot-location-area remote/isolated
harsh weather/extreme environment seen/sighted newest/latest
exhibition/show/ display emigrate/ go away
society/the public/ local people energy /energetic
新增20
1.important—significant 2.below—under 3.habitat—live 4.target—aim
5.straightforward—simple 6.disused—empty 7.see—spot
8.education—schools/colleges 9.expanded—increased 10.refurbish—redecorate 11.management—administer 12.move—relocate
13.internationally—different countries 14.protect—safeguard 15.injury—dangerous 16.injury—harm 17.Move—transfer 18.Work—item
19.Media—TV/newspaper
20.Travelling—passengers/flight
第二篇：雅思听力考试中同义替换词的常见形式范文
三立教育www.xiexiebang.com
雅思听力考试中同义替换词的常见形式
今天三立在线教育雅思网为大家带来的是雅思听力考试中同义替换词的常见形式的相关资讯，备考的烤鸭们，赶紧来看看吧！
在雅思听力考试中，同义替换的出现形式有多种，我们主要介绍两种：
①单词或词组的同义替换；
②句式的同义替换。
雅思听力同义替换之单词或词组
单词或词组的同义替换主要是指某个单词或者词组在录音中以一种形式出现，在题目的题干或选项中却以相同意义的另一种形式出现。单词的同义替换主要包括同一词根衍生出的不同词性词语间的替换和异形同义词间的替换。词组的同义替换一般包括两种：一种是同义词组与单词之间的替换，另一种是同义词组之间的替换。下面我们通过具体真题来分析。
In the seminar the work on writing aims to improve
A.confidence.B.speed.C.clarity.录音：
Student： Mm，that sounds good.What are some of the strategies that are presented？ Officer： Well，we try to cover all aspects of of the strategies in writing，for example，wouldbe improving your planning for writing，organising your thinking and building some techniques to help you write more clearly „ 三立教育www.xiexiebang.com
解析：
本题的正确答案是选项C。正确答案在选项中以clear的名词形式（clarity）出现，而在录音中却以副词的形式（clearly）出现。有的考生即使在录音中听出了clearly，但因为不熟悉clarity的意思，不知道其是clearly的同义替换，所以最后选错了答案。
Dr Merrywhether thinks Antarctica was part of another continent because（选自《剑7》Test 2 Listening Section 3）
A.he has done his own research in the area.B.there is geological evidence of this.C.it is very close to South America.录音：
Interviewer： How old is Antarctica？
Doctor： We’re pretty sure it was part of a larger land mass but it broke away from the rest of the
continent 170 million years ago.Interviewer： How can you be certain of this？
Doctor： „ because fossils and rocks have been discovered in Antarctica which are the same as those found in places such as Africa and Australia.解析：
本题的正确答案是选项B，解题关键是考生能听出录音中的fossils and rocks和 三立教育www.xiexiebang.com
选项B中的geological evidence属于同义替换。从语义上来说，这属于归纳总结性的词组同义替换，即录音中为举例，题目中出现的词汇为总结概括。很多考生在做这道题时都出现了错误，主要原因是把录音中的Africa and Australia听成了America，错选了选项C，或者即使听到了fossils and rocks，但没有将其理解为geological evidence的同义替换，结果选错了答案。
雅思听力考试的考查目的之一是培养考生多样化的语言表达能力，所以正确选项中往往不会出现原词重现的现象。所以，考生要知道“听到什么要慎选什么”的道理，不能在录音中听到什么就选什么。同时，考生还要明白雅思听力考试题目的题干和选项中出现的往往是学术词汇，而考生听到的录音则是口语化表达，所以结果就是复杂的题目词汇对应录音中简单的口语表达，比如本题中geological evidence是典型的学术用语，而与之对应的fossil和rock是相对简单的口语表达。考生了解了这一点，就需要在平时练习中多注意对学术词汇的认知性记忆，多训练对口语化词汇的反应敏感度。
雅思听力同义替换之句式
在雅思听力考试中，除了单词或词组的同义替换外，还会出现句式上的同义替换。当发生句式的同义替换时，句子形式变动较大，考生把握起来会有些难度。
23.The purpose of the Visitor’s Centre is to（选自《剑7》Test 2 Listening Section 3）
A.provide accommodation.B.run training session.C.show people what Antarctica is like.录音： 三立教育www.xiexiebang.com
Interviewer： Really？ And what does the Visitor’s Centre offer？
Doctor： Well „ the Visitor’s Centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of Antarctica.There’s a mock camp
site where you can see inside an Antarctic tent and imagine yourself sleeping there „
解析：
不少考生听完这道题的录音后，选出的答案是选项A。原因是在录音中听到了选项A 中accommodation的同义词sleeping there。这些考生没有注意到录音中sleeping there前还有一个动词imagine。原文的意思是说想象你睡在里面，并非真的是让你睡进去。在这道题中，同义替换的出现也成了干扰选项。本题的正确答案是选项C。考生在答题时需注意题干中的关键词purpose，在这个词的提示下，考生在听录音时要重点听对话中表目的的内容。录音中是“the Visitor’s Centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of Antarctic”来表示访问中心的功能，这句话不但与“题干+正确选项”的用词不同，连句式表达也变了样：“„ aims to do sth.”变成了“The purpose of „ is to do sth.”。
这样的同义替换理解起来有一定难度。这就需要考生在做题时多注意录音和题目各选项之间在句式方面的变化。
另附雅思听力高频替换词
1、解决：Solve，deal with，cope with，handle，resolve，address，tackle
2、损害：Damage，hurt，injure，harm，impair，undermine，jeopardize
3、给与：Give，offer，render，impart，provide，supply，afford
4、培养：Develop，cultivate，foster 三立教育www.xiexiebang.com
5、优势：Advantage，merit，virtue，benefit，upside，strength
6、缺陷：Disadvantage，demerit，drawback，downside，weakness
7、使迷惑：Puzzle，bewilder，perplex，baffle
8、重要的：Key，crucial，critical，important，significant，vital，substantial，indispensable，imperative
9、认为：Think，believe，insist，maintain，assert，conclude，deem，hold，argue，be convinced，be firmly convinced，be fully convinced
10、保护：Protect，conserve，preserve
11、确保：Assure，ensure，guarantee，pledge
12、有害的：Bad，baneful evil，harmful，detrimental
13、要求：Request，demand，needs，requisition
14、消除：Eliminate，clear，remove，clear up，take away，smooth away
15、导致：Lead to，bring about，result in，cause，spark off，conduce to，procure，induce，generate
16、因此：So，therefore，thus，hence，consequently，as a consequence，accordingly，as a result，because of this，as a result of this
17、增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to
18、降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to 三立教育www.xiexiebang.com
19、保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out
20、急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably
如上就是三立网课教育小编为大家带来的雅思听力考试中同义替换词的常见形式的相关资讯，掌握最新雅思资讯，敬请关注（三立在线教育雅思网）更多雅思考试资讯以及备考资料免费领！
第三篇：雅思听力高频替换词总结
雅思听力高频替换词汇总
数字类：
two: double = couple of = twice = two times three = triple 2 weeks = a fortnight = 14 days 1 months = 4 weeks = 30 days 3 months = a season 25% = a quarter 15 minutes = a quarter 少于 40%的比例 = a small proportion 多于 60%的比例 = a large proportion 50% = half the second = the next = the coming 表述数量（繁多）的短语替换
a wide/ large/ great/ massive range of = a variety of = various = large quantities of = a large/great number of = a large amount of = lots of = all sorts of = all kinds of = massive all over = throughout遍布
part = area = portion = component = proportion部分 some = a part of = certain = a few = several一些 range = distance = radius = part = area范围
时间：
现在 now = at present(time)= currently = at this moment(= this year/ month/ week)(=existing)过去 in the past = once = … ago = before(= last year/ month/ week)(= the old …)(=used to …)
未来 in the future = will = be going to = in the coming(year/month/week)(= the next year/month/week)(=haven’t done yet, but …)
校园内：
student = pupil小学生；= undergraduate本科生； = postgraduate研究生 teacher = tutor = lecturer = professor = director = conductor = guider = coach 老师，指导者
school = faculty院系 course = major学习专业 subject = module学习科目
class = lecture = tutorial = workshop = session = seminar课程
aid = help = conduct = guide = offer hand(= give/ provide advice and guidance = suggest)帮助；指导
assignment = paper;= essay;= coursework;= homework;= report;= project;= proposal;= dissertation作业类 deadline = due date截止日期
references = bibliography = reading list参考材料
research = exploration = survey = study = investigation = observation = discovery = experiment研究，实验
data = figure = information = statistical evidence数据 internet = online = website = web网络 evaluate = assess = test = estimate评估
test = quiz = exercise = examination = exam测验
商业、公司中：
plan = strategy策略 = schedule = arrangement = project = programme = blueprint计划
employee = worker = staff雇员
coworker = workmate = colleague = people in the same department = people who work with you同事
employer = boss = management = manager = director = interviewer雇主，管 理者
weekday = week工作日
company = firm = cooperate = organisation = business = group = institute公 司，企业，机构
sales = retail销售（retailing零售业）shop = store = department store商店
money = finance = fund = grant = capital = asset钱，资金
cost = fee = overheads = expense = spending = expenditure费用，成本 revenue收入 profit利润
其他相关词汇： charge收费/ investment投资 / tax税收/ income收入/
budget预算
advertisement = commercial广告
creativity = innovation = inspiration = brainstorm创造力，灵感 consumer = customer = buyer = client顾客 risk = danger = adventure = threat风险，冒险
旅游、动植物
photo = photograph = photography = picture = image = camera照相，相片 place = area = region = spot = site = location = land = field = position地点，位 置
tourist site = attraction = interest = scenery = resort风景，景点 village = countryside = suburb = rural area/ setting乡下 town = city = urban area城市
ocean = sea = the water = undersea world = marine海洋 beach = coast = coastline = shore海岸，海滩
animal = creature = species = wildlife = living things动物
(= marine animal海洋动物;= mammal哺乳动物;= reptile爬行动物)livestock = sheep = cow = cattle家畜
marine animal = sea creature = fish & shell = seafood海洋动物 bones = skeleton骨骼
look = appearance外貌
characteristics = feature = what’s special about …特征 plant = trees = vegetation = vegetable植物 film = movie = documentary电影 computer = laptop电脑
family = with children家庭
parent / son / daughter / sister & brother = sibling / cousin savings = deposit储蓄
the masses = ordinary people = general public = public sphere大众 speech = lecture = talk = address讲座,演讲 goal = target = aim = orientation目标 choice = option = selection = alternative选择
优点
advantage = benefit = positive side = good point = strength 缺点
disadvantage = drawback = negative side = problem = weakness = barrier障 碍 = obstacle阻碍
limit = restriction = boundary = bottom line限制 environment = surrounding = atmosphere环境 entertainment = recreation = leisure娱乐
fitness club = fitness centre = gym = keep-fit studio健身房 disease = illness = health issues = health problems = medical situations疾病
medication = medicine = pills = tablets = capsules = drug药物 toxin = poison毒素
bike = bicycle自行车 = cycling骑行 media = press = print = newspaper媒体
magazine = journal = periodical = article = newspaper报刊杂志 gift = present礼物
agriculture = crops农作物 = grain粮食，谷物= corn = wheat小麦大麦 = cereal谷类
fuel = gas燃气；= coal煤； = energy能量，能源 way = method = approach = technique方法 = skill = strategy = tactic技巧
example = representative = sample = case例子
= barley
动词替换：
ask = request = require = demand要求 ask … to do = invite … to do邀请
employ = hire = pay … = recruit招聘，雇佣
use = take advantage of = utilise = employ = apply使用 book = reserve预订
buy = purchase = consumer = invest in购买 change = alter = adjust = shift改变 disturb = interrupt干扰，打断
damage = ruin = destroy = undermine = break = vandalise破坏 attack = offend攻击
classify = categorise(classification = category)分类 make = produce = generate = create产生，创造
= build = construct建立 copy = duplicate = replicate = double复制
run = operate = handle = organise = take charge of = take control of = manage 经营，管理
provide = offer = give = contribute to提供
= allocate = distribute分配，分发 divide … into = break(down)… into把…分成
increase = rise up = grow = go up = strengthen上升，增多 decrease = decline = go down = drop = fall = weaken减少
look = investigate = observe = explore = check = find out = discover = examine 发现，探索
be seen = be sighted = be observed被观察到
focus on = emphasise on = pay attention to = notice关注 register = sign up = enroll注册，登记 deal with = handle = cope with处理
prevent … from = protect … from = preserve … from = stop … from = avoid避 免，保护
come from = originated from来自，源自
get in touch = contact = catch = call = phone联系 connect with = link with = relate to = refer to和…相连 called = named = titled名为 visualise = imagine想象
adapt … to = adjust … = fit … in适应… bury = move … underground埋 renew = replace替换 renew = update更新
形容词、副词替换：
typical = representative典型的
= traditional传统的
related = associated = relevant = connected = linked相关的 basic = elementary = primary = essential = necessary基础的 easy = not difficult = simple简单的 available = usable = valid有效的，可用的 latest = newest最新的 final = last = very late最后的
personal = private = individual私人的 original = old = ancient古老的
old fashioned = outdated = out of date过时的 economical = cost-efficient经济的
fixed = stable = standard = unchanged固定的 few = not enough = lack of缺乏
extraordinary = unusual = not common = quite different = rare不寻常的，罕见 的
often = usually = frequently经常 rarely = barely几乎不
only = just = merely仅仅，只是
第四篇：雅思写作替换词
1.建筑
建筑 architecture建筑, architectural style建筑风格, traditional传统的 modern现代的, postmodern后现代的 have aesthetic value有美学价值, energy-efficient 节能的 function功能 functional 功能型的，实用的 historic site 历史遗迹 cultural relics 文化遗迹 national identity 民族特征 skyscraper 摩天大楼 courtyard dwellings 四合院 well-structured 结构完好的 representation n.代表 crystallization结晶/civilization 文明 exterior appearance 外表 interior 内部的 eye sore 丑的东西 demolish, pull down 拆除 preserve保留, devastation破坏，2.环保:
environmental protection 环境保护 environmentally-friendly 环保的 preserve v.保护，保存 conserve 污染： Pollute= contaminate, pollutant Pollution=contamination 垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理: dispose of, burn, bury(landfill), dump，recycle plastic bags, drinking cans biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的 disposable 可丢弃的 ~ product discourage v.不鼓励 燃料 non-renewable 不可再生的 fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源 alternative energy替代能源 replace=substitute v.取代(wind power, hydropower水电, solar(lunar)power太阳能, nuclear power核能 tidal power潮汐 radioactivity n.辐射性 use up, deplete, exhaust v.用光，耗尽 conserve v.节省，节约, consume less v.少消耗
危害动物: poaching非法打猎，盗猎, damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地, rare breed稀有物种, endangered species濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者 , natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区, protect wildlife保护野生动物, disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。。有灾难性的影响 危害植物: vegetation植被 deforestation森林消失, landslide山体滑坡, 危害环境: carbon dioxide二氧化碳, greenhouse gas emission destroy ozone layer acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)greenhouse effect温室效应(worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化)global warming全球变暖 ecological system=ecosystem生态系统 green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴,(filter v.过滤)arouse people’s awareness/consciousness of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识
动物： vivisection 活体解剖 perform/conduct experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验 1 animal rights 动物权益 cruel and barbaric 残忍和野蛮的 inhumane 不仁道的 alternative methods替代方式，其他方式 torture 折磨 right to live 生命权 life-threatening diseases威胁生命的疾病 medical technique医疗技术 clinical research 临床研究 vaccine 疫苗 anatomy解剖
3.教育 学校:
nursery托儿所 kindergarten幼儿园 primary school/elementary school小学, secondary school中学教育 higher education高等教育 tertiary level
further education进修 教育: parenting, schooling, enroll 入学admit 招收，录取 Parents are obliged to do…父母有责任、义务去做。。compulsory education 强制教育、义务教育selective，compulsory military service，minors 未成年人adolescence，teenager/teen，youth，youngster immature 不成熟的
学习的好处 learn skills学习技能 acquire knowledge学习知识，enrich knowledge丰富知识, widen horizon开阔视野, inspire interest激发兴趣, stimulate interest激发兴趣, cultivate v.培养 hobbies develop potentials conduce to mental development lay a solid foundation for the future为将来打下坚实的基础
学习上的问题: lack discipline缺少约束力/persistence毅力, test-oriented education应试型教育，teacher-centred education student-centred education money-oriented
quality education 素质教育 cram for examinations突击考试, stuff 塞
materials memorise背, memorisation, rote learning死记硬背 Test-taking techniques应试技巧
坏处： discourage critical thinking 打击评判性思维 students stop questioning what they 2 are being taught 学生们不去质问他们学习的东西 conduce to academic performance有助学习表现 Adversely influence 负面地影响（动作）Exert adverse/unfavorable influence on对。。产生负面影响 Emphasis on memorisation adversely influences one’s academic performance.Creativity 创造性 Come at the expense/cost of creativity以牺牲创造力为代价 Lower/raise the standard of…降低了。。的水平
工作: Full-time, part-time, casual job，white-collar, blue-collar, semi-skilled, self-employed, freelancer, 收入: income, earnings, wages, salary,revenue
职业好: enjoyable, pleasant, fascinating令人着迷的 Steady稳定的 provide many opportunities for…提供各种。。的机会, give me a sense of satisfaction/accomplishment给我一种满足感、成就感, apply what I have learnt to my job把我学的用在工作中, put my talent into full play充分发挥我的天分, improve my interpersonal and communicative skills提高我的人际交往和交流能力, improve my independence独立能力, well-fare福利 benefit future development将来的发展, 不好: demanding难做的, stressful有压力的, tiring累人的, exhausting令人筋疲力尽的, boring无聊的, routine work常规工作, repetitive重复性的, work overtime/extra hours加班 workaholic工作狂, repetitive strain injuries职业病, adverse conditions恶劣的工作条件, Personnel, human resources 人力资源
4.新闻,媒体 媒体: medium-media:
read newspapers watch TV programs surf the Internet see movies up-to-date information最新的信息, access v.n.接触 The internet enables people to have easy access to various information.记者：reporter, journalist, paparazzi 狗仔队（复数）tabloid 读者群Readership 观众audience 报道：news coverage/TV coverage
好处: provide us with rich information给我们提供丰富的信息, entertain us是我们得到娱乐, enable people to relax使人们得到放松, disseminate/spread knowledge传播知识, keep people well-informed使人信息灵通 download, upload, write your blogs, share your feelings with friends
坏处: information overload/explosion, 信息爆炸 Uncensored information corrupts children’s minds.未经审查信息腐蚀小孩的心灵。Violence n.暴力, pornography n.色情, obscene色情的, violent暴力的, pornographic色情的 objectionable content不良信息 cyber crime网络犯罪(financial crime)
net cafe Internet-addicted 上网成瘾的 isolation 孤立, isolated 孤立的 unsociable不善社交的 新闻审查制度: censorship filter objectionable content过滤不良内容, provide a safe and pleasant cyber environment 提供一个安全美好的网络空间 invade one’s privacy侵犯隐私, deprive people of the freedom of speech剥夺人们言论自由, freedom of the press新闻自由 People are deprived of the freedom of speech.人们被剥夺了言论自由。
5.交通 Means of public transport: airplane, ship, cruises, ferry, coach, shuttle bus, light rail mobility移动性 pedestrian行人 traffic conditions(worsen, deteriorate, go from bad to worse), 交通状况恶化 traffic regulations/codes交通规则(obey遵守, violate违背), traffic congestions, traffic jams, heavy traffic拥挤的交通 light traffic比较畅通的交通, crowded street拥挤的道路 Cars dominate our roads.车辆占满了我们的道路。vehicle车辆
Drink-driving酒后驾车 careless driving talking on a phone
观点: adopt effective transport strategy采取有效的交通策略 traffic-calming measures减轻交通拥堵的措施 Relieve the pressure on traffic, 减轻交通方面的压力 encourage people to use public transport, 鼓励大家使用公交 carpool拼车 build more cycle lanes 自行车道, encourage Park and Ride 停车换乘 raise the price of fuels 提高油价 impose higher tax 征收高额的税 Subsidise public transport 补贴公共交通 City council市政府 飞机： No other means of transport can be compared with airplanes for its convenience and speed.6.食品 健康 healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle久坐的, an active lifestyle积极锻炼的, excessive intake of…吃过多的。fast food快餐 convenience food方便食品 diabetes, diarrhea腹泻, respiratory disease, nutrition营养 balanced diet均衡的饮食 protein蛋白质, vitamin维生素, fibre纤维 mineral矿物质, high in...canned food
incurable disease绝症 depression抑郁症 obesity肥胖症-obese
overweight stress-related diseases和压力有关的疾病 therapy（非药物）治疗 treatment 治疗 运动好处 Relieve=ease=alleviate 减轻stress aerobic exercises有氧运动 vigorous有活力的 energetic经历充沛的 refreshing提神的 refresh your mind and body 提神 train 4 your muscle肌肉 improve blood circulation血液循环 increase flexibility提高灵活性 drain 排出 cultivate stamina and persistence培养耐力和毅力 develop teamwork spirit 培养团队合作精神 conduce to physical fitness身体健康 jeopardize= damage 危害 pesticide，genetic modification，genetically-modified food
7.犯罪,社会问题
criminal(offender)罪犯 commit crime犯罪, commit suicide robbery抢劫, murder谋杀, prostitution卖淫, gambling赌博, drug-dealing贩毒, drug dealer, heroin, marijuana, ecstasy, ADD/ADHD drug
social security社会治安stability稳定 capital punishment, death penalty死刑, sentence(v.)to death 判死刑 deter crimes威慑 right to life生存权，breadwinner经济支柱 rear a child养孩子 offense罪, offender罪犯, compulsory retirement 强制退休 nursery 托儿所 nursing house老人院 longer imprisonment 长期监禁
家庭问题/青少年问题 single-parent family单亲家庭, extended family大家庭, minors未成年人, adolescent青春期的, sibling兄弟姊妹 Peer pressure 同辈人的压力 foster, raise, bring up, rear a child抚养孩子, spoil溺爱, indulge放纵 run wild撒野, go astray走上歧途 juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪, obesity肥胖症, depression抑郁症, bullying恃强凌弱 absenteeism缺席(truancy, play truant)父母应该： give proper parental guidance父母的引导 set example for children为孩子树立榜样 encourage 鼓励 help build up confidence 帮助建立信心 motivate 鼓舞 discipline their children约束孩子 well-bred有教养的 learn how to behave themselves学会行为得体 act properly 行为得体
8.科技
technology-dependent依赖科技的, breakthrough of technology科技突破, technology innovation科技创新, innovative 创新的renovate v.up-to-date/ up-to-minute/cutting-edge最新的accelerate/speed up the pace of life 加速生活节奏 reshape our life重新塑造我们的生活 improve life quality提高生活质量 convenience方便 efficiency效率 telecommunication电讯 assembly line流水线 give people more leisure time给人们更多休闲时间, The development of technology has made it possible for people to do 科技的发展使人们做。。成为可能 increase life expectancy 增加平均寿命 find cures for some diseases transplant organ 移植器官 two-edge sword/weapon 双刃剑 mass destruction weapons大规模杀伤性武器 chemical weapons化学武器 inspiration，inspire，promote space technology，heart pacemaker，freeze dried vegetables，microwave
9.全球化
cultural diversity文化多元化 cultural treasures文化宝藏 cross-cultural communication跨文化交流 cultural reconstruction文化重建 heritage遗产 achievements of art艺术成就 human civilization人类文明 mainstream culture主流文化 cultural traditions文化传统 national pride民族自豪 local customs and practices风土人情 national identity and value民族特性和价值观 venue场所 spread knowledge传播知识 nurture imagination培养想象力、be closely interrelated with…与…有密切关系 cause irreversible damage造成不可逆转的损失 remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏见和误解
语言： lesser-used languages 使用很少的语言 language acquisition 语言习得 linguistics 语言学 linguist 语言学家 on the verge of extinction 处在灭绝的边缘 universal language 世界语 intellectual development 智力发展 grammatical rules语法规则 context 上下文 technical terms 专业术语 read between lines读懂暗含的意思 解决游客过多的措施
There are various solutions to these problems.The first one is to limit tourist
numbers, because fewer visitors will result in less damage.Another solution is to enforce strict rules about which areas people can visit and what they can do when they get there.For example, special paths can be built and people can be forbidden to walk off the paths.
第五篇：雅思听力学习方法
一、突破班和精高班考生课后训练建议
突破班和精高班的学员因为有了一定的单词量做起题来相对要轻松一些，但有时反而基础词汇掌握的不是太牢。其实雅思听力也不是全考很难很专业的词汇，像brakes wheels之类的基础单词，有很多学员也反应不过来，会把brakes写成breaks，或wheels写成wills wells 等等。对于突破班和精高班的学员，课后训练建议是：
第一、找出自己听不懂的原因
雅思听力考不好，究其原因，都是没有找到自己听不懂的原因。当听了两遍还没有听懂时，就要停下来找原因——是否有生词，是否有语法问题，自己的读音是否准确。如果能解决这些问题，英语基本功也就提高了，听力水平自然随之上升。
第二、针对不同题型使用不同的听力训练策略
细节题可以通过做note-taking来提高答题正确率，也就是，将听力录音从头放到尾，不要暂停，将所有的考点词写下来，一定要多写，考试时出40个题，我们练习时要写至少80个考点词，这样，真正考试时才会游刃有余。另外一类题型的训练要从理解大意入手，具体做法是，将试题录音放开，不暂停，听题与题之间的界限，培养理解话题转换的能力和段落归纳的能力。
第三、选择最接近真题的雅思教材
雅思的真题是不公布的，考生在市面上买不到真题。剑桥大学出版社出版了剑桥雅思系列教材1-7其中剑桥4全部是以往的真题，剑桥5包含60%以上的近几年的真题，剑桥大学ESOL Examinations就是现在雅思真题的研发机构，也是剑桥雅思系列教材的出题机构，这7本教材和雅思真题一模一样，是考前训练的好教材。
第四、收集同义词和同义词组的替换 注意主动与被动的替换
如stress pressure，disadvantage 和 drawback ,due to –credit to because of
Deal with –cope with ,handle。主动与被动说法的替换，如把 Population shift has caused this pressure.换成This pressure has been caused by population shift.第五、在做选择题的时候一定要认真审题，留意WH QUESTION（who, when, what, where, why, how等然后在勾出考点词。
个人认为，听力是最考验实力的科目之一。想要提高，当然也得付出不少的努力了。听力水平的提高非一朝一夕可以达到，需要长期积累的过程。每个人存在的问题并不都一样，所以要解决，就必须对症下药。在雅思听力中，词汇是最重要的基本功。如果想考听力单项7分，需要的词汇量是5000个。而这5000个词一定是听觉词汇，也就是一听能立刻反应 出意思的词。并且，在这5000词当中，有几百个词是在填空题中经常出现的，属于听力核心词汇。这些核心词汇必须完全掌握拼写，坚决不允许拼错。
二、起步班和基础学班考生课后训练建议
起步和基础学员最大的问题在于词汇量少以及英语底子薄弱，听不懂写不来。练习和考试中可能因为自身的练习不够，心理素质差等影响发挥。对于起步和基础学员，专家给出的的课后训练建议是：
第一、提高单词量。每天必须背一些雅思常考词汇，可以分场景来记（house renting at the librarytravelling）等。
一开始可以不用记太多和太难单词，循序渐进的来。这样一来也可以解决基础学员走神的情况，要一个考生集中精神30分钟，并且专注地听几大段的英文，对于全球那么多母语非英语的考生来说简直就是非常折磨的事情。再加上还需要完成试卷上的40个题目，这对尤其是基础较薄弱的考生，根本就是不可能完成的任务。很多考生在考完试之后都抱怨，在听到第3部分甚至是第4部分的时候，思想总会不由自主的涣散，导致大面积的答案没有跟上，也就无法取得满意的分数了。
第二、养成标准的发音习惯，纠正错误发音。
英语尽管不像汉语一样具有很严格的语调区别，但是英语同样也有许多“模棱两可、易于混淆”的地方，这对于习惯了汉语思维的同学来说，需要严格把关。比如desert，重音的位置便把这个词拆为了两个不相关联的意思，这些细节都需要注意。
第三、英语歌和英语电影都是很好的辅助材料。
专家建议考生在平时生活中凭自己的喜好锻炼听力能力，多听英文歌，多看双字幕英语电影和电视剧，听和看的时候一定要做笔记，记录下学习到的新单词和表达，做个有心人。
第四、学生应该保持平和心态，不要急于求成，参加雅思培训打好基础是关键。
此外学生还应该量力而行，做好思想准备，对自己的成绩做好评估与测试，因为需要一个长时间积累过程才能更好地提高英语水平。Enjoy learning, learning English should be fun.
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