变式跟踪之名词、冠词篇

第一篇：变式跟踪之名词、冠词篇

变式跟踪之名词、冠词篇

名词是表示人､事物､抽象概念等名称的词,根据其词汇意义,通常分为专有名词和普通名词｡考生在复习中,需要掌握有关名词的知识:名词的数､名词的格､短文改错中对名词的数的考查､对集合名词的考查及名词词义辨析｡

冠词是用于名词前用以说明该名词含义的虚词,通常可分为不定冠词､定冠词和零冠词,它的主要特点是表示泛指､类指和特指､专指｡考生在复习中,需要掌握有关冠词的知识:冠词的位置､不定冠词的用法､定冠词的用法及零冠词的用法｡

名词､冠词是每年高考单项选择必考题｡在以往的高考中,对名词､冠词的考查,着重名词词义辨析,以及冠词泛指､类指､特指､专指的用法和习语,特别是把不定冠词､定冠词､零冠词､可数名词､不可数名词(具体化)结合起来考查｡

例1.(2007陕西卷)

He and his wife are of the same______;they both want their son to go to college.A.soul B.spirit C.heart D.mind

[解析]

句意:他和他的妻子有共同的想法;他们都希望儿子考入大学｡soul 灵魂,心灵;spirit精神;heart 心,心脏;而mind=thoughts;a person’s way of thinking想法｡答案D｡

[知识链接]

一个名词常有多种意思,考生在一个具体的句子中要把握好该名词的正确意思｡例如:

Beck is an honest businessman.Our company and his have had a lot of ______ in the past five years.A.deals B.arguments C.rewards D.sales

[解析]

句意:Beck是一个诚实的商人,在过去的5年里,我们公司和他的公司有许多交易｡deals协议(尤指交易),如:make a deal with sb(与某人)达成一笔交易;arguments 协议;rewards报答,报酬,报偿;sales 销售额,销售量｡答案A｡

[变式跟踪]

1.I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a(n)______ of personal taste.A.affair B.event C.matter D.variety

例2.(2007福建卷)

— How aboutChristmas evening party?

— I should say it was ______ success.A.a;a B.the;a C.a;/ D.the;/

[解析]

句意:——这次的圣诞晚会办得如何?——我认为是一个成功的晚会｡根据句意可知Christmas evening party表特指,故用定冠词｡当success表“成功”时是不可数名词,但表“成功的人､成功的事”时是可数名词(即抽象名词具体化),在此句中,success意为“一个成功的晚会”,故用不定冠词｡答案B｡

[易入误区]

此题易误选D｡考生往往会把success当作不可数名词,而忽视抽象名词具体化的问题｡

[知识链接]

抽象名词具体化通常使用的有:a success,a surprise,have a good time,have a good/full breakfast/lunch/supper,have a good knowledge of等,考生在考试中一定要注意｡

[变式跟踪]

2.walk is expected to last all day,so bring______packed lunch.A.The;a B.The;/ C.A;a D.A;/

例3.(2006全国二卷)

I know you don’t like ______ music very much.But what do you think of ______ music in the film we saw yesterday?

A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D./;the

[解析]

句意:我知道你不喜欢音乐,但是你认为昨天我们看的那部电影中的音乐怎么样?music是不可数名词,在第一空处表泛指,不能与冠词连用(即用零冠词),但是在第二空处有定语“in the film we saw yesterday”修饰,表特指,用定冠词the｡答案D｡

[知识链接]

不可数名词表泛指时,其前不能用冠词;可数名词表泛指时,其前则要用不定冠词a(n);表特指时,不可数名词和可数名词均要用定冠词the｡

[解题技巧]

考生在真实交际中应正确使用冠词,对名词的数的概念应有清楚的认识｡

[变式跟踪]

3.Polar bears live mostly on______ sea ice,which they use asplatform for hunting seals.A.a;a B.a;the C.the;/ D./;a

●模拟练习●

1.(2005辽宁五校联考)

— I’d like to see the movie very much,but I have no money on me.— That’s OK.This is my______.A.offer B.treat C.turn D.service

2.(2005北京丰台统练)

It is reported that great ______ made to look into the case have paid off.A.attentions B.troubles C.efforts D.cares

3.(2006江南十校联考)

If we go on using energy so wastefully,______are that our oil wells will be dried up before new energy sources can be found to replace oil.A.chances B.difficulties C.questions D.problems

4.(2006湖北联考)

It’s important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the ______ in language studies.A.situation B.expression

C.comprehenssion D.translation

5.(2006黄冈质检)

Micky bought an old car cheaply,cleaned it up and sold it the next week at a______.A.benefit B.bargain C.prize D.profit

6.(2007北京海淀4月)

Ding Junhui, most competitive snooker player,is ______ quite young man.A./;a B.the;/ C.a;a D.a;the

7.(2006青岛)

Don’t worry too much about ______mistakes.They are ______ natural part of learning.A./;the B.the;/ C.the;the D./;a

8.(2005湖南师大附中)

He was suchgood speaker that he held our attention every minute of ______ three-hour lecture.A.a;the B.a;/ C./;the D.a;a

9.(2007湖南株洲)

money plays an important role in ______ material world.But you can’t expect it to give you real happiness.A.A;the B./;a C.The;the D./;the

10.(2007天津宝坻一模)

The taxi driver was put in ______ prison because his car had knocked down a child.His wife went toprison to see him twice a month.A./;the B.the;the C./;/ D.the;/

参考答案:

[变式跟踪]1—3 CAD

[模拟练习]1—5 BCAAD 6—10 CDADA

第二篇：名词冠词高考题专练

淮安市新马高级中学2013届高三英语语法复习讲义

名词冠词

1.名词主要考查的知识点：

(1)名词的词义辨析

(2)可数名词单、复数变化形式

(3)不可数名词的数

(4)名词所有格

(5)名词作定语

2.冠词主要考查的知识点：

(1)定冠词的用法

(2)不定冠词的基本用法。

(3)零冠词的用法

(4)用冠词与不用冠词的特定情况

(5)冠词的几个特殊位置

2007年高考题

1.(2007北京卷)I looked under ______ bed and found _______ book I lost last week.A.the;aB.the: theC.不填;theD.the;不填

2.(2007福建卷)—How about __________ Christmas evening party?

—I should say it was __________ success.A.a;aB.The;aC.a;不填D.the;不填

3.(2007湖南卷)Polar bears live mostly on __________ sea ice, which they use as __________ platform for hunting seals.A.a;aB.a;theC.不填;aD.the;不填

4.(2007江苏卷)We have every reason to believe that __________ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be __________ success.A.不填;aB.the;不填C.the;aD.a;a

5.(2007江西卷)Many people have come to realize that they should go on ________ balanced diet and make ________ room in their day for exercise.A.a;不填B.the;aC.the;theD.不填;a

6.(2007全国II)—Could you tell me the way to __________ Johnsons, please?

—Sorry, we don’t have __________ Johnson here in the village.A.the;theB.the;aC.不填;theD.the;不填

7.(2007山东卷)_______ walk is expected to last all day, so bring __________ packed lunch.A.A;aB.The;不填C.The;aD.A;不填

8.(2007陕西卷)In __________ film Cast Away.Tom Hanks plays __________ man named Chuck Noland.A.a;theB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a

9.(2007四川卷)How about taking __________ short break? I want to make __________ call.A.the;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a

10.(2007天津卷)I wanted to catch __________ early train, but couldn’t get __________ ride to the station.A.an, theB.不填, theC.an, 不填D.the, a

2008年高考题

1.(2008安徽)To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our _____”.A.SkyB.LifeC.ArtsD.Voices

2.(2008福建)What's the ____ of having a public open space where you can't eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?

A.senseB.matterC.caseD.opinion

3.(2008湖北)The young man made a ______to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.A.predictionB.promiseC.planD.contribution

4.(2008湖北)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_____.A.atmosphereB.stateC.situationD.phenomenon

5.(2008江西)---Shall we go out for a walk?

---Sorry.This is not the right ____ to invite me.I am too tired to walk.A.momentB.situationC.placeD.chance

6.(2008山东)I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale;it was a real ____.A.exchangeB.bargainC.tradeD.business

7.(2008天津)Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students ____ financial aid.A.in favour ofB.in honour ofC.in face ofD.in need of

8.(2008天津)Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ___ like coal, gas and oil.A.fuelsB.articlesC.goodsD.products

9.(2008天津)At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _____.A.out of sightB.out of reachC.out of orderD.out of place

10.（2008浙江）Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A.senseB.viewC.meansD.idea

2009年高考题

1.（09安徽）We can never expect _____bluer sky unless we create ______less polluted world.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the

2.（09北京）The biggest whale is ___ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ____ 9-story building.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;a

3.（09江西）Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world.A./;theB.the;/C.an;theD.the;a

4.（09海南）Let’s go to_______cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for

________while

A.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;a

5.（09陕西）What________pity that you couldn’t be there to receive_________prize!

A.a;aB.the;aC.a;theD.the;the

6.（09四川）In order to find _____ better job, he decided to study ______second foreign language.A.the;aB.a;aC.the;theD.a;the

7．（09浙江）I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan.A.the;aB.不填;theC.the;不填D.a;the

8.（09重庆）Washing machines made by China have won______worldwide attention and Haier has become________popular name.A.a;theB./;aC./;theD.the;a

9.（09全国2）What I need is_______book that contains_______ABC of oil painting.A.a;不填B.the;不填C.the;anD.a;the

2010年高考题

1.（10福建21）It’s ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them __________ pleasure.A.不填, aB.a, 不填C.the, aD.a, the

2.（10山东22）If we sit near ______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.A.不填； theB.不填；aC.the;aD.the；the

3.（10江苏21）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.A.不填； aB.不填；theC.the； aD.the； the

4.（10辽宁22）There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.A.the;theB.不填;theC.the;不填D.a;the

5.（10北京35）First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get _______ second chance to make _______ first impression.A.a;theB.the;theC.a;aD.the;a

6.（10重庆27）Everything comes with_______price;there is no such_______thing as free lunch in the world.A.a, aB.the, /C.the, aD.a, /

7.（10浙江2）Many lifestyle patterns do such _______great harm to health that they actually speed up ________weakening of the human body.A.a;/B./;theC.a;theD./;/

8.（10四川2）In ______most countries, a university degree can give you _____flying start in life.A.the;aB.the;不填C.不填;不填D.不填;a

2011年高考题

1.（2011•全国II）As he reached _____front door, Jack saw ______strange sight.A.the;不填B.a;theC.不填aD.the;a

2.（2011•陕西卷）As is know to all, _______People’s Republic of China is______ Biggest developing country in the world.A.the;不填B.不填 ；theC.the ；theD.不填；不填

3.（2011•四川卷）Dr.Peter Spemce, ________headmaster of the school,told us, _______fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.A.不填；AB.不填；TheC.the;TheD.a;A

4.（2011•江西卷）------It’s said John will be in a job paying over 860,00 _____ year

-----also get paid by _____ week.A.the;theB.a;theC.the;aD.a;a

5.（2011•全国新课标卷）It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;不填

6.（2011•浙江卷）Experts think that ____recently discovered painting may be _____ Picasso.A.the.不填B.a;theC.a;不填D.the;a

7.（2011•山东卷）Take your time-it’s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant.A.不填；theB.a;theC.the;aD.不填；a

8.（2011•重庆卷）In communication, a smile is usually ___________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.A.the, /B.a, anC.a, /D.the, an

2012年高考题

1.【2012江西卷】The Smiths don’t usually stay at few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea.A．/;a B．the;the C．/;theD．the;a

2.【2012浙江卷】 _________________ The development of industry has been_______ gradual process throughout _______ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A.不填, theB.the;aC.a;不填D.a;a

3.【2012安徽卷】Carl is studyingfood science at college and hopes to open upmeatprocessing factory of his own one day.A./ ； aB./ ；theC.the;aD.the;the

4.【2012重庆卷】Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George.A./,/B.the,/C the theD./, the

5.【2012辽宁卷】 I woke up with bad headache, yet byevening the pain had gone.A.the;theB.the;anC.a;theD.a;an

6.【2012全国新课程】 A.不填；aB.a;theC.the;不填D.the;a

7.【2012山东卷】 Being able to afford _____ drink would be ______comfort in those tough times.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;不填D.不填；a

第三篇：英语语法---名词、代词和冠词

英语语法---冠词 冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】

名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，可数名词单，须用a或an，辅音前用a，an在元音前，若为特指时，则须用定冠，复数不可数，泛指the不见，碰到代词时，冠词均不现。【妙语诠释】

冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。英语语法---名词

(一）可数名词的复数构成 A.规则变化 1.单词后加S 2.单词后加ES(以CH等结尾的单词)3.以F或FE结尾，变为VE加S B.不规则变化

1.单复同形

deer sheep

fish

Chinese

Japanese

means 2.只有复数形式

people

police

cattl

clothes

trousers，glasses 3.不规则变化

man----men

woman----women

foot-----feet

tooth-----teeth mouse------mice

child-----children

German------Germans 4.复合名词的复数 1)将后一部分变成复数

Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen policewoman----policewomen 2)将主要成分变成复数

looker-on----lookers-on

son-in-law----sons-in-law

3)如果前一词是man, woman，将两部分都变成复数 men doctors

women 小结

grown-up----grown-ups

名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】

单数变复数，规则要记住，一般加s，特殊有几处： 【妙语诠释】

①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾)，则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)两菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox— oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。

（二）名词所有格

1.表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格在名词后加’s Mr Li’s house

The cat’s food

James’ dog

The dogs’ food 2.表示无生命的东西的名词，用of+名词的结构来表示 The leg of the desk

the cover of the magazine 3.在时间，距离，度量，价值等名词后，可用名词所有格。Two months’ time

Today’s newspaper

fifty pounds’ weight 4.表示店铺或某人的家时，常在所有格后省去shop, home.The doctor’s

the tailor’s

my uncle’s

the barber’s 5.名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词时，用of词组+所有格表示 a friend of John’s

that bike of Tom’s 6.某样东西为两人或多人共有，在后一个名词尾+’s.Jane and Fred’s mother

Jane’s and Fred’s mother Tom and Tim’s car

Tom’s and Tim’s car 小结

名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】

名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，若为生命词，加“’s”即可行，词尾有s，仅把逗号择;并列名词后，各自和共有，前者分别加，后者最后加;若为无生命词，of所有格，前后须倒置，此是硬规则。【妙语诠释】

①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加 “’s”;③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A(三)主谓一致

主语是复数，谓语用复数，主语是单数，谓语用单数。He is a student.We are students.1

and 连接两个名词，看有无the.The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing.The professor and the writer are going to our school.2

主语单数+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+谓语单数

主语复数+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+谓语复数 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.3.有些名词复数形式作为一个整体，(如度量，距离，金额，时间，书名等）其谓语动词用单数。Two weeks ___(be)not enough to finish the work.1000 dollars ___(be)a large amount of money.4.There be 句型就近原则。

There ____ a pair of glasses on the desk.There ____ two patients and a nurse in the hospital.5.某些集体名词，如family ,team 等做主语时，若当一个整体看，谓语动词就用单数，若就其中一个一个成员来看，谓语动词就用复数，class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也类似

His family _____(be)a happy family.All the world ________(be)waiting for the good news.6.成双成对构成的东西，如glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但与a pair一起构成作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

7．each , every+名词，谓语用单数。

Each boy and girl ________(want)to serve the people in the future.8．以 either …or , neither …nor , not only … but also，not…but…等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应按照就近原则。

Either you or he ______(be)to go.Not only he but also I ______(be)wrong.9.…几分之几/。。百分之几+of +名词单数 + 谓语单数

…几分之几/。。百分之几+of +名词复数 + 谓语复数 Three-fifths of money _____(have)been used up.10.…one of +复数名词 +谓语复数

…the only/the very one of + 复数名词 +谓语单数 He is one of the boys that have passed the maths test.

第四篇：名词与冠词练习答案

专题一名词与冠词

1.解析:选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意为：布朗先生觉得要改善他的计划，汲取一下工人的评论是一个很不错的主意。comment评论，解释;requirement 必需品；summary 总结；connection连接，均不符合题意。

2.解析:选B。考查冠词的用法。句意为：中国从2008年金融风暴中能学到什么，已经成为我们的热点话题。在the 2008 financial storm中，the修饰storm, 表示特指;a hot topic 一个热点话题，表示范指。

3.解析:选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意为：网上冲浪的挑战在于你如何能判断网络上的信息是正确的还是错误的。从表语的内容可判断出，选challenge 挑战。ability 能力；competition 竞赛；knowledge 知识,均不符合题意。

4.解析:选C。考查冠词的用法。从句中“一辆漂亮的车”和“一辆人人都喜欢的车”这两个含义都应用不定冠词,表示泛指。

5.解析:选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意为：那个巨大的半狮半鱼的喷水塑像名叫“鱼尾狮”，是新加坡的象征。故选A。sign 迹象；手势；signal 信号；scene场景，场面。

6.解析:选D。考查冠词的用法。句意为:当有消息传来说他因为超速被禁驾时，他困惑不解。at a loss 困惑不解，word单独使用时意为“消息”，相当于news。

7.解析:选D。考查冠词的用法。句意为：在中国，汽车正在成为一种流行的交通工具。the car表示类指，它从是“车”而不是别的什么的角度说的类指概念。a means of一种方式。

8.解析:选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意为：中央新闻大厦发生的大火引起了人们对在城市燃放鞭炮的关注。故选C。attention 注意，多指全神贯注；expectation 期盼，盼望；standard 标准;concern担心;忧虑;关注。

9.解析:选B。考查名词词义辨析。从句意提醒对方不要忘了交报道，可知此处应指上交报道的最后期限，故选deadline。summary 总结；regulation 规则,管理；agreement 同意。

10.解析:选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意为：这对双胞胎虽然个性不同但在音乐方面的趣味相同。故选taste。

11.解析:选B。考查不可数名词的具体化用法。a drink指在长颈鹿喝水时，表示一次饮水，故选a;第二空的water是特指，故用the。

12.解析:选D。考查名词词义辨析。由语境可知，此处指人类的语言，而语言是人类说的，因此用voices。故选D。

13.解析:选B。考查冠词的用法。根据语境判断，对方已经迟到，原因是交通拥挤和遇上了大雨。这是造成迟到的两种情况，因此都是特指概念，前面需加定冠词。

14.解析:选D。the Internet因特网，为固定搭配;as a resource作为一种资源，此处用a表示泛指。

15.解析:选A。考查冠词的用法。根据语境判断，落在他头上的苹果并非特指，因此前面用不定冠词； 后面是冠词的固定用法，表示“打在身体部位的名词”前，应该用定冠词。

16.解析:选B。考查冠词的用法。by sea经海路,是固定用法，相当于by ship, 名词前不加定冠词，后面的大陆是特指概念，因此用定冠词。

17.解析:选A。考查名词词义辨析。由句意可知，说话人在抱怨一个公共场所，不能在里面吃饭、喝酒和逗留，这样的场所有什么意义，因此用sense。opinion意见，观点，一般与人搭配；case 情形，情况，都不符合题意。

18.解析:选B。考查词义辨析。根据语境判断，“我”买的裙子很便宜，因此用bargain, 意为“便宜货”。exchange 交换；trade 贸易；business 商业，均不符合题意。

19.解析:选B。考查名词辨析。句意为:这位年轻人向他父母许下诺言，毕业后要独立生活。因此用promise。make a promise 许下诺言，是固定搭配。

20.解析:选B。考查词义辨析。根据语境可知，Kelly向我描述旅行的情况。explanation 解释；imagination 想象，想象力；idea注意，念头。account一般表示“账目，账户”，但还可以表示“记述，描述”，相当于description。

21.解析:选C。be in trouble处于困境中；句中trouble为泛指，不用冠词;

lose(one’s)heart为固定搭配，表示“失去信心”，heart前不用冠词。

22.解析:选A。2010年上海世博会为特指，前面用the;抽象名词honour单纯表示一种概念时是不可数名词，但与a(an)连用时，抽象名词具体化，就成为可数名词。

23.解析:选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意为：——只要你在比赛中拿到第一名，你就能得到一部苹果手机。——这是承诺吗？我希望别让我失望。trick诡计，欺骗；decision决定;决心;promise诺言，约定;goal目标。

24.解析:选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意为：到现在为止，我还没有适应东京快节奏的现代生活方式。step步骤；style风格;pace步伐；步调；manner方式，风格。

25.解析:选B。amusement的读音是以元音开头的，且后面的park为单数形式，故用an。

第五篇：名词 冠词考点讲解

2012高考总复习（15）：名词、冠词考点透析与精炼考试要求：

对名词、冠词的考查，在每年高考都有涉及，是高考大纲语法部分的重要内容。不但在单项选择部分对这两类词有直接考查，在其他各大题型尤其是书面表达题型也涉及名词、代词的运用。近年高考加大了对名词词义辨析的考查，但是考生丢分往往很多。本篇资源主要对名词冠词的考点和易错点进行归纳，并给同学们提供一些精选的练习。知识总结： 名词考点主要集中在下列方面：

一、名词的辨析，包括同义词、近义词、形似义异的名词辨析。

这类题主要考查名词同义词、近义词的辨析，词形相似而意义相异的名词辨析，这些名词可能有相同的前缀或后缀，甚至有相同或相近的词干。这就要求在平时的学习中，必须要重视词义及词义辨析，收集大量的语言实例，反复记忆，用心领悟，掌握好名词近义词之间的细微区别。另外做题时还要充分注意语境的具体要求。

同义词：选项中的几个名词意思大致相同，但是各个词之间有着细微差别或者在用法上完全不同。

近义词： 选项中几个词意义不同，但比较接近。

形似义异名词：选项中几个词在拼写上有类似之处，这类词在意义上往往差别较大。

二、名词的搭配：名词与介词的搭配、名词与动词的搭配、名词的惯用法。

这类题主要考查名词与介词的搭配，以及动词与名词的搭配关系等。这些搭配主要是依据语法和惯用法，由于没有任何规律可言。同学们在平时的复习中对一些常用名词的搭配要注意积累与总结归纳。

三、语境

词的语境指的是词语在特定语境中的含义、感情色彩和表达作用。要理解词语的语境意义，读懂句子是关键，当然要进行联系、比较和体会。这类题是名词考查的一个趋势，现在越来越多的考题属于这种情况。

四、名词的转义：把抽象意义转化为具体意义，因而赋予其可数功能;把具体意义的名词抽象化。

转义名词主要分为两类：把抽象意义的名词转化为具体意义，因而赋予其可数功能；把具体意义的名词抽象化，从而赋予其不可数性。

抽象转具体：pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“„„的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success.抽象转具体：worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months.抽象转具体：a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of,a matter of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical knowledge of computer science.具体转抽象：school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等，用心 爱心 专心

1都是可数名词，可以有具体的意义，如a school, three schools。但go to school, go to church中的名词为抽象名词。

具体转抽象：day, night, morning, noon, evening, night等用指天色时，表达抽象概念(注意其前不用冠词)。如：Day may break now, for the birds are singing outside.冠词考点主要集中在下列方面：

近年高考重点考查冠词的基本用法，尤其在冠词表示泛指、特指方面考查较多；对冠词的习惯用法的考查也是高考的热点之一；冠词的灵活运用是高考的难点之一。同学们在备考的过程中一定要重点掌握和理解冠词的基本用法，例如泛指、特指、类指、专指等用法。当然要特别注意在具体的语境中体会冠词的用法。

一、序数词前冠词的使用

强调顺序时用定冠词；当不强调顺序，而是表示“又，还，再”时用不定冠词。

二、school, bed等前面冠词的使用

像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名词，在指这些家具、建筑或场所本身时用冠词，但若抽象地指它们所具有的作用或功能时，则不用冠词，此时多用于go to或者be in / at之后。

三、专有名词前的冠词使用

一般不用冠词，如John, China等。但以下几种情况用冠词：

1．“the＋姓氏复数”表示“某某夫妇”或“姓某的一家人”；

2．“a(n)+人名”表示“„„式的人物”或“有一个名叫„„的人”，如He is a Lei Feng.(他是一

个雷锋式的人物。)A Smith is waiting for you at the school gate.(有一个叫史密斯的人在门口等你。)。

3.由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加the，如the Summer Palace, the United Nations。但若是

在“专有名词(人名或地名)＋普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用冠词，如Beijing University,Yale University。

4.表示特指时专有名词前也可能用the，如the Gorge of China(中国的高尔基)，the China of the

1960s(20世纪60年代的中国)，the Smith you’re looking for(你在找的那个史密斯)。

四、物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用

一般不用冠词，如We all need water.(我们都需要水。)但是下列情况要用冠词：

1.特指时要加the；

2.有的抽象名词具体化后，前面要加不定冠词，如a surprise一件预料之外的事，a pity / shame(一

件令人遗憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人)，a pleasure(一件快乐的事)，a time(一段时间)。

3.不定冠词可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物质名词前表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”。如I’d like a tea(=a cup of tea), please.我要来杯茶。

五、表示三餐的名词前的冠词使用

breakfast, lunch, supper等前一般不用冠词，但若受形容词修饰时用a / an；特指时要用the。如a good lunch(丰盛的午餐)How do you like the lunch? 你觉得这顿午餐怎么样？

六、play后的乐器和球类名词的冠词使用

play后接西洋乐器名词时，要加定冠词。但像erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前就不用冠词；play后面接球、棋、牌等之类的名词前也不用冠词，如play football / chess / bridge踢足球 / 下棋 / 打桥牌。

七、表示季节、月份、星期的名词前的冠词使用

一般不用冠词，但特指时用the；受形容词修饰表示具有某种特点时可用a / an。如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天)，a hard winter(一个严寒的冬天)。

八、表示节日的名词前的冠词使用

含有day的节日前一般不用冠词，如May Day, New Year’s day, Christmas Day, April Fool’s Day, Mother’s Day等；但仅中国才有的传习统节日名称前常用the，如the Spring Festival(春节), the Mid-autumn Festival(中秋节)。

九、有后置定语的名词前的冠词使用

特指某人或某物时用the；但若指一类事物时用a / an。如：

I’d like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive.我想买一件价格不贵但又有用的那样一类礼物。

十、两个并列名词前冠词的使用

指同一人、物或同一概念时，第二个名词前不用冠词，如a teacher and writer(一位教师兼作家)，a horse and cart(一辆马车)，a knife and fork(一付刀叉)；但若是指两个人时，第二个名词前一般也要加冠词，如a man and a woman(一个男人和一个女人)。易错点点拨：

1.名词变复数的特殊形式

child——children, foot——feet, man——men, mouse——mice,stomach——stomachs, tooth——teeth, woman——women, sheep——sheep,deer——deer, Chinese——Chinese, a man doctor——men doctors,a woman doctor——women doctors, looker-on——lookers-on,grown-up——grown-ups

误：There are many woman teachers in my school.正：There are many women teachers in my school.2.常考不可数名词

advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather,knowledge, jewelry, progress

误：What a fine weather it is!

正：What fine weather it is!

3.可数不可数均可，但意思不同

experience 经历（可数）；经验（不可数）

room 房间（可数）；空间（不可数）

exercise 练习（可数）；锻炼、运动（不可数）

误：Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me.正：Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me.4.只能修饰可数名词的有：

few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of„

误：There is a large number of water in the hole.正：There is a great deal of water in the hole.5.只能修饰不可数名词的有：

little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of„

误：There are a great deal of people living there.正：There are a good many people living there.6.只有复数形式的名词有：

trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings„误：A pair of trousers are hanging over there.正：A pair of trousers is hanging over there.8.复数形式，单数意思的有：

plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics„

误：The news are exciting.正：The news is exciting.9.复合名词的复数形式。

girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups

误：There're many boys students in my class.正：There're many boy students in my class.10.名词做主语，谓语动词用复数

police, cattle, clothes, goods

误：Cattle sells well at that market.正：Cattle sell well at that market.11.几个应该特殊注意的名词。

people(民族，人)； village(村庄，村民)；man(男人，人类)；youth(年轻人，青年男子，青春)