物流管理英语Chapter 7教案

第一篇：物流管理英语Chapter 7教案

Chapter 7

International Logistics

教学目的和要求：

1、Gain an understanding of the characteristics of international logistics

2、Get an overview of components of international logistics management

3、Get the basic knowledge of trade terms and international insurance

4、Be familiar with various international logistics intermediaries

教学重点：

1、The characteristics of international logistics

2、Components of international logistics management

3、Trade terms and international insurance

4、Various international logistics intermediaries

教学过程：

1.New Words and Expressions

2.International Trade and International Logistics

The movement of goods across national boundaries

1)Historical Development of International Logistics

International logistics evolved into the art and science of determining eminently concrete aspects of business arrangement, from transportation and packaging, to warehousing and inventory management.2)Definition of International Logistics

International logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the flow and storage of goods, services and information from the point of origin to a point of consumption(revised to between, since there is reverse logistics)located in a different country.International logistics is actually about moving and exchanging goods across borders to promote world economic development and optimal allocation of world resources by utilizing international logistics network, facilities and technology based on the principle of international division of labors and collaboration and international practices.The ultimate objective is to get the right goods or services to the right place located in a different country, at the right time, lowest cost, minimum risk, and in the desired condition, by selecting the best way and method, while making the greatest contribution to the firm and the world as a whole.3)Features of International Logistics

a)Difference in environment, higher risks

b)Complex ways of transport

c)Advanced information system

d)Standardization requirement

4)Government’s Interest in International Logistics

a)Economic importance

Cost of insurance and transport always accompany import and export, and they are service imported or exported.b)National defense concerns

Transportation gave countries ability to project power domestically, regionally, and globally.It strengthened the economy by promoting trade that further improved the military powers.c)Government support for its international carriers

Developing countries use their own carriers as a rate equalizer to avoid being exploited by the more developed countries and keep abreast of transport technology.Cabotage technically does not involve international trade but it should be mentioned.It is a worldwide practice and it means the each nation reserves for its own carriers the exclusive rights to carry domestic traffic.3.Components of International Logistics Management

1)International Transportation

International transportation is eminently more complicated, involving different modes of transportation, different carriers, different transportation documents, and much greater transit times.Its inherent risks and hazards are also much more significant. Transport regulation

The purpose of regulation is to ensure that transportation services are provided adequately and that users of these services are protected from excessive prices or unfair practices. Cargo preference

Preference cargos are the single most important incentive for U.S.-flag operators in the international trade to remain under U.S.registry.The cargo preference laws provide a vital base of cargo to help offset foreign-flag advantages. Nondiscrimination

Nondiscrimination is a legal concept designed to protect competition and fair business practice.In terms of international transportation, it means two things.A carrier cannot charge different prices for similarly situated shippers, and they cannot refuse service to any shipper. Cabotage

Shipping cargo between two points in the same country is known as cabotage. Equipment balance

When there is the same amount of cargo going in both direction of a trade lane(trade balance), there will be the same amount of equipment going in both directions of that trade lane, this is called equipment balance.2)International Insurance

a)The principal perils

 Free From Particular Average(F.P.A.) With Average(W.A.) All Risks

b)Exclusions

 Loss or damage caused by the intentional act or fault of the Insured  Loss or damage falling under the liability of the consignor  Loss or damage arising from the inferior quality or shortage of the insured goods prior to the attachment of this insurance  Loss or damage arising from normal loss, inherent vice or nature of the insured goods, loss of market and/or delay in transit and any expenses arising therefrom  Risks and liability covered and excluded by the Ocean Marine Cargo War Risks Clauses and Strike, Riot and Civil Commotion Clauses of this Company

c)Commencement and termination of cover

This insurance attaches from the time the goods hereby insured leave the warehouse or place of storage named in the Policy for the commencement of the transit and continues in force in the ordinary course of transit including sea, land and inland waterway transits and transit in lighter until the insured goods are delivered to the consignee’s final warehouse or place of storage at the destination named in the Policy or to any other place used by the Insured for allocation or distribution of the goods or for storage other than in the ordinary course of transit.d)Duty of the insured

It is the duty of the Insured to attend to all matters as specified hereunder, failing which the Company reserves the right to reject his claim for any loss if and when such failure prejudice the rights of the Company. The Insured shall take delivery of the insured goods in good time upon their arrival at the port of destination named in the Policy.In the event of any damage to the goods, the Insured shall immediately apply for survey to the survey and/or settling agent stipulated in the Policy.If the insured goods are found short in entire package or packages or to show apparent traces of damage, the Insured shall obtain from the carrier, bailee or other relevant authorities certificate of loss or damage and/or shorthanded memo.Should the carrier, bailee or the other relevant authorities be responsible for such shortage or damage, the Insured shall lodge a claim with them in writing and, if necessary, obtain their confirmation of an extension of the time limit of validity of such claim. The Insured shall, and the Company may also, take reasonable measures immediately in salvaging the goods or prevention or minimizing a loss or damage thereto.The measures so taken by the Insured or by the Company shall not the considered respectively, as a waiver of abandonment hereunder, or as an acceptance thereof.In case of a change of voyage or any omission or error in the description of the interest, the name of the vessel or voyage, this insurance shall remain in force only upon prompt notice to this company when the Insured becomes aware of the same and payment of an additional premium if required The following documents should accompany any claim hereunder made against this Company: Original Policy, Bill of Lading, Invoice, Packing List, Tally Sheet, Weigh Memo, Certificate of Loss or Damage and/or Shortland Memo, Survey Report, Statement of Claim If any third party is involved, documents relative to pursuing of recovery from such party should also be included.Immediate notice should be given to the Company when the Cargo Owner’s actual responsibility under the contract of affreightment “Both to Blame Collision” clause becomes known.

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e)The time of validity of a claim

The time of validity of a claim under this insurance shall not exceed a period of two years counting from the time of completion of discharge of the insured goods from the seagoing vessel at the final port of discharge.3)Packaging

4)Terms of Payment

International means of payment are more involved, with the risks of nonpayment and currency fluctuation calling for specific strategies that are never used in domestic transactions.Non-payment risk is higher in international transactions for:  less credit information is available  lack of personal contact: no way to evaluate the character of the importer  collections are difficult and expensive  no easy legal recourse: there is no court with jurisdiction over international disputes  mistrust

a)Cash in Advance

In a Cash in Advance transaction, the exporter requests that the customer provide payment in advance, before the shipment of the goods can take place.Payment is usually made with an electronic SWIFT fund transfer from the customer’s bank to the exporter’s bank. Buyers in an area of instability  Buyer has bad credit  Exchange rate control  Goods are made to order  Buyer’s market

b)Open account

The exporter just sends an invoice to the importer along with the shipment and trusts the customer to pay within a reasonable amount of time.Just opposite to Cash in Advance.c)Documentary collection

It is a process by which an exporter asks a bank to “safeguard” its interests in the foreign country by not releasing the documents(B/L)until the importer satisfies certain requirements, most often paying the exporter(D/P)or signing a financial document(a draft)promising that it will pay the exporter within a given amount of time(acceptance)(D/A).d)Letters of credit

A L/C is a conditional payment commitment of the bank in addition to commercial credit that it will pay the “beneficiary” upon the presentation of certain documents.The exporter and the importer agree on a sale under “Letter of Credit” terms. The importer/buyer applies for an LC from bank. The importer’s bank(issuing bank)issues a LC and sends it to the exporter’s bank(notification bank) The Notification bank notifies the exporter that an L/C was issued, and it is OK to ship the goods to the importer.The notification bank should check a number of things: L/C is drawn on a legitimate bank, content meets requirement, irrevocable L/C. The exporter ships the goods and gives documents to Notification bank. The Notification bank checks that the documents match the requirements of the LC, and sends them to the Issuing bank.Issuing bank verifies that the documents match the requirements of the LC and notifies the importer that everything is in order. The issuing bank pays seller and buyer pays issuing bank.5)Trade Terms

 EXW  FCA  FAS  FOB  CFR  CIF  CPT  CIP  DES  DEQ  DAF  DDU  DDP

6)Customs and Customs Clearance

a)What does Customs do

 National security is a broad area that refers mostly to military threats. Revenue collection by customs is the source of funds for the country.

 Managed trade and competitiveness refer to policies to promote the nation’s economy. Gray making importing, also known as parallel importing, refers to the practice of importing a product contrary to the wishes of the producer, who normally has their official distributor. Protecting national interests is the catchall for any goal the nation wishes to pursue.b)How does Customs operate

Entry restriction-certain products may be completely restricted from entry, or only under certain conditions.Rates-duties vary dramatically.Most are simply a nominal tax, while other are intended to discourage imports of a certain product.Information-Customs requires that certain information be provided on imports and exports.Government data on economic trends is collected this way.Another reason for submitting information is to control the import/export of some products.7)Inventory Management

Major international inventory issues are longer performance cycle, more in-transit inventory, border crossings, more complex location decisions, more shrinkage and more safety stock.4.International Logistics Infrastructure

1)Free Trade Zone

A Free Trade Zone is, for Customs purposes, still “outside” of the country;goods can be shipped to the FTZ without being subject to duty and quotations.Once in the FTZ, the goods can be transformed, assembled, repackaged, and so on.If the goods are re-exported, they never pay duty in the host country in which the FTZ is located;if they are sold in the host country, it is only after leaving the FTZ that they have to pay duty.The main reasons for using FTZ

 Delay tariff  Avoid tariffs before shipment  Processing  Correct mistakes  Sell

Merchandise in a FTZ may be stored, repackaged, repaired, tested, relabeled, displayed as well as manufactured, assembled, salvaged and destroyed.2)Ports

A port is the intersection of different modes of transport.Factors that influence the competitiveness of ports:

 Location in relation to markets  Location in relation to its competitors  Inland connections  Infrastructure and technology  Accessibility to the trade lane  Management

Most ports are run by a commission assigned by a local or regional government, called port authority.Types of port authorities:

 Landlord port: the landlord port is one in which the port owns and manages infrastructure, and private parties mange everything else. Tool port: the port also owns the superstructures, but private parties rent assets through concessions or licenses. Service port: the service port is where the port has completed ownership and management. Privately owned port

5.International Logistics Intermediaries and Logistics Alliances

Intermediaries refer to many companies or individuals that facilitate trade.Some of them work for shippers, some for carriers, and some for consignees.Sometimes these arrangements become more elaborate, such as alliances.1)Main International Logistics Intermediaries/Facilitators

International Logistics Intermediaries function as third-party logistics providers, firms that provide outsourced or “third party” logistics services to companies for part, or sometimes all of their supply chain management functions.Third party logistics providers typically specialize in integrated operation, warehousing and transportation services that can be scaled and customized to customer’s needs based on market conditions and the demands and delivery service requirements for their products and materials.Types of International Logistics Intermediaries or facilitators:

 International freight forwarder is an individual or a company that books or otherwise arranges space for shipments between countries via common carriers. Customs brokers are private individuals, partnerships, associations or corporations licensed, regulated and empowered by Customs to assist importers and exporters in meeting national requirements governing imports and exports. Non-vessel Operating Common Carriers(NVOCC)buy space from carriers and resell them.NVOCCs essentially act as if they were a carrier, but they do not own or control any of the ships, planes, etc. Export Trading Company(ETC)and Export Management Company(EMC)assist companies in marketing their product in other countries.2)International Logistics Alliances

In logistics, at least as much as any other industry, there has been a strong trend toward alliances in order to promote efficiency.Criteria of a good match:

 Individual excellence  Importance       Interdependence Investment Information Integration Institutionalization Integrity 11

第二篇：物流管理英语Chapter 6教案

Chapter 6

Information Technology in a Supply Chain

教学目的和要求：

1、Understand the importance of information and information technology in a supply chain

2、Know at a high level how the supply chain drivers use information

3、Describe the various SC-related information technologies and information systems that have been developed over the past several decades

4、Understand the major applications of supply chain information technology and the processes that they enable

5、Discuss the impact of information technology on supply chain management in the future

教学重点：

1、The importance of information and information technology in a supply chain

2、How the supply chain drivers use information

3、The various SC-related information technologies and information systems that have been developed over the past several decades

4、The major applications of supply chain information technology and the processes that they enable

5、The impact of information technology on supply chain management in the future

教学过程：

1.New Words and Expressions

2.The Role of IT in a Supply Chain

Information is a key supply chain driver because it serves as the glue that allows the other supply chain drivers to work together with the goal of creating an integrated, coordinated supply chain.Information is crucial to supply chain performance because it provides the foundation on which supply chain processes execute transactions and manages make decisions.IT consists of the hardware, software, and people throughout a supply chain that gather, analyze, and execute upon information.Information is the key to the success of a supply chain because it enables management to make decisions over a broad scope that crosses both functions and companies.Information is a key ingredient not just at each stage of the supply chain, but also within each phase of supply chain decision making—from the strategic phase to the planning phase to the operational phase.1)Facility

Determining the location, capacity, and schedules of a facility requires information on the trade-offs among efficiency and flexibility, demand, exchange rates, taxes, and so on.2)Inventory

Setting optimal inventory policies requires information that includes demand patterns, costs of carrying inventory, costs of stocking out, and cost of ordering.3)Transportation

Deciding on transportation networks, routings, modes, shipments vendors requires information including costs, customer locations, and shipment sizes to make good decisions.4)Sourcing

Information on product margins, prices, quality, delivery lead times, and so on, are all important in making sourcing decisions.5)Pricing and revenue management

Te set pricing policies, one needs information on demand, both its volume and various customer segment’s willingness to pay, as well as many supply issues such as the product margin, lead time, and availability.3.Brief History of Information System Connectivity

The development of SC information systems closely follows the inside-outside development approach.The development of these systems began with a very narrow focus on inventory and has gradually expanded to encompass other areas of the organization, progressively building on the structure of previous applications.Economic order quantity(EOQ)and reorder point(ROP)systems were followed by material requirements planning(MRP)systems, which helped determine when orders should be placed for various components to avoid stockouts and excess inventory.Distribution requirements planning(DRP)systems, which extended MRP thinking to the distribution network, helped determine the correct amount of products to produce as well as the correct locations to which to ship finished goods.These systems were followed by just-in-time(JIT), quick response(QR), continuous product replenishment(CPR), and efficient consumer response(ECR)systems that helped better match buyers’ demands with the production and delivery of suppliers.These systems naturally grew into other systems such as vendor-managed inventory(VMI), where organizations are responsible for managing the inventory levels of their customers.Customer relationship management(CRM)systems complemented these systems, helping companies track and analyze customer behavior.CRM systems also enabled managers to evaluate the effect of specific sales and marketing efforts.The term customer relationship management(CRM)encompasses all strategies, methodologies, tools, and other technology-based capabilities that help an enterprise organize and manage its customer relationships.The focus of CRM is on providing optimal value to customers through pre-sale interactions, sales processes, and post-sale interactions.4.The Supply Chain IT Framework

From an enterprise’s perspective, all processes within its supply chain can be categorized into three main areas: processes focused downstream, processes focused internally, and processes focused upstream. Customer relationship management(CRM)

 Internal supply chain management(ISCM)

 Supplier relationship management(SRM)

1)Customer Relationship Management

The CRM macro process consists of processes that take place between an enterprise and its customers downstream in the supply chain.The goal of the CRM macro process is to generate customer demand and facilitate transmission and tracking of orders.Weakness in this process results in demand being lost and a poor customer experience because orders are not processed and executed effectively. Marketing

 Sell

 Order management

 Call/service center

2)Internal Supply Chain Management

ISCM is focused on operations internal to the enterprise.ISCM includes all processes revolved in planning for and fulfilling a customer order. Strategic planning

 Demand planning

 Supply planning

 Fulfillment

 Field service

3)Supplier Relationship Management

SRM includes those processes focused on the interaction between the enterprise and suppliers that are upstream in the supply chain.The major SRM processes are the design collaboration, sourcing, negotiation, buy, and supply collaboration processes.4)The Transaction Management Foundation

5.Supply Chain IT in Practice

Select an IT system that addresses the company’s key success factors.Every industry and even companies within an industry can have very different key success factors.By key success factors, we mean the two or three elements that really determine whether or not a company is going to be successful.It is important to select supply chain IT systems that are able to give a company an advantage in the areas most crucial to the success of the business. One way to help ensure success of IT projects is to design them so that they have incremental steps. Use IT systems to support decision making, not to make decisions.Think about the future.Although it is more difficult to make a decision about an IT system with the future in mind than the present, it is very important that managers include the future state of the business in the decision processes.6.The Future of IT in the Supply Chain

 Most likely to occur: SC executives expect an increased demand for on-line technical information, an increased integration role for the purchasing functions of organizations, the elimination of human intervention in the procurement-through-payables transaction process, an improvement in efficiencies as a result of Web-based systems, and the continued use of Internet/Web-based links with suppliers. Least likely to occur: Based on what SC executives believe is unlikely to happen, we can draw the following conclusions:

 Web-based tools will not erode the leverage advantages of larger buyers

 Industry-sponsored e-markets will not become primary sourcing tools

 Reverse auctions will not account for more than 20 percent of the spend

 Neutral e-markets are less likely to be utilized than industry sponsored e-marketplaces

 Strategic alliances/relationships will not become less important as a result of e-commerce

1)ERP Ⅱ

SC-wide information connectivity 2)E-Marketplaces

One unique application of the Internet has been the creation of e-marketplaces.In terms of SCM, e-marketplaces can add value by helping companies identify new resources of supply or new customers.They can also help facilitate transactions between buyers and suppliers by being mediator between the various parties.3)Radio frequency technology

RFID tags have the potential to deliver a completely new level of transparency to supply chains and their customers.4)Electronic on-line bidding events: the reverse auction

Reverse auctions are when suppliers bid for a buyer’s business.These auctions result in a downward pressure on the price of the product or service being sold.Electronic reverse auctions are simply auctions that take place over the Internet or some other electronic technology.

第三篇：物流管理概述教案

在我们日常的生活中，常见这样的现象：北方人能够吃到南方新鲜的水果，生活在国内，也能买到外国的商品，这些都是物品流动的结果。简单来说，我们把物的流动就称之为物流，本节学习一下关于物流的基本知识。

任务一：物流的含义

“物流”的来源

我国在2001年将物流定义为：物流是物品从供应地向接收地的实体流动过程。根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能有机结合。——中华人民共和国国家标准物流术语(GB/T 18354—2001)。

课堂互动环节（互动引导学生列举生活中常见的物流现象：食堂每天的豆浆的配送、包裹的送达等，激发学生学习的积极性。）

任务二：物流的分类

（一）主要的物流分类方法 1)宏观物流和微观物流。宏观物流是指从社会再生产总体角度认识和研究的物流活动。微观物流是指消费者、生产者所从事的实际的、具体的物流活动。在整个物流活动中的一个局部、一个环节的具体的物流活动，在一个小地域空间发生的具体的物流活动，针对某一种具体产品所进行的物流活动都是属于微观物流。

（引导学生举例）

2)社会物流和企业物流。社会物流是指企业外部物流活动的总称，即国民经济部门与部门之间、地区与地区之间、企业与企业之间为实现商品流动的各种经济活动，包括企业向社会的分销物流、购进物流、回收物流、废弃物流等。企业物流是指企业内部各部门之间为实现物质实体流动的各种活动，是以企业经营为核心的物流活动，是具体的、微观物流活动的典型领域。

（引导学生举例）

3)国际物流和区域物流。国际物流是指不同国家、地区之间的物流。区域物流是指某一行政区域或经济区域的内部物流。（引导学生举例）

4)一般物流和特殊物流。一般物流指物流活动的共同点和一般性。着眼点在于研究物流的一般规律，建立普遍适用的物流标准化系统，研究物流的共同功能要素，研究物流与其他系统的结合、衔接，研究物流信息系统及管理体制等。特殊物流是指在专门范围、专门领域、特殊行业，在遵循一般物流规律基础上，带有特殊制约因素、特殊应用领域、特殊管理方式、特殊劳动对象、特殊机械装备特点的物流。（引导学生举例）

5)第三方物流。第三方物流的定义为：“物流渠道中的专业化物流中间人，以签订契约的方式，在一定时期内，为其他公司提供所有的或某些方面的物流业务服务。”物流经营方不参与商品的买卖，只是提供从生产到销售的整个流通过程中专门的物流服务，诸如商品运输、存储配送以及增值性物流服务。

（举例——宅急送）

6)第四方物流。第四方物流是一个供应链集成商，它调集和管理组织可以通过整个供应链的资源、能力和技术，以提供一个综合的供应链解决方案。第四方物流不仅控制和管理特定的物流服务，而且对整个物流过程提出策划方案，并通过电子商务将这个过程集成起来。因此，第四方物流成功的关键在于为顾客提供最佳的增值服务，即迅速、高效、低成本和人性化服务等。

（二）企业物流的分类

1)企业供应物流。指为生产企业、流通企业或消费者购入原材料、零部件或商品的过程，即商品生产者、持有者至使用者之间的物流。

2)企业生产物流。指从工厂的原材料购进入库起，直到工厂产品库的产品发送为止的全过程。

3)企业销售物流。指企业为保证自身的经营利益，伴随销售活动将产品所有权转给用户的物流活动。

4)企业分销物流。专业批发业务的物流作业具有大进大出和快进快出的特点，它强调的是批量采购、大量储存以及大量运输的能力，大型分销商需要大型的仓储和运输设施。另外，分销商属于中间商，需要与上游和下游进行频繁的信息交换，需要具有良好的信息接口和高效的信息网络。

5)企业回收物流。企业在生产、供应以及销售活动中总会产生各种边角余料和废料，这些东西的回收是需要伴随物流活动的。

6)企业废弃物物流。指对企业排放的无用物进行运输、装卸和处理的物流活动。

（以制造业企业为例，分析企业物流的分类）

第四篇：物流管理基础教案

教 案

2010-2011 学年第二学期

课 程 名 称： 物流管理基础

课 程 编 码： 2108 学院、专业、年

任 课 教 师：

教 师 所 在 单 位：

交通分院

重庆海联职业技术学院

第 1 课题

物流与物流管理总论

一、教学目的：

①了解物流的概念、功能与分类；

②掌握物流管理的基本原理、关键活动； ③熟悉物流标准化及物流服务知识。

二、教学内容：

1.1、物流概念、范围及分类

1.1.1、概念：物品从供应地向需求地的实体流动过程

要点：

1、流通、生产领域一切物料流及相关信息流；

2、由供给主体向需求主体转移并产生时、空、形质效用；

3、其活动包括运、储、装、加工、配送等；

4、在供应链管理整合中起着非常重要的作用。1.1.2、功能：

1、运，空间状态，（位移附加值）；

2、储，时间状态，（时差、价差值）；

3、包，保护、集中、便利（物品保值）；

4、装，分、理、配货（物流速度增值）；

5、加工，物理、化学手段（形态变化增值）；

6、信息，订、存、配送一体化的基础（整合增值）。1.1.3、作用：

1、形质效用（组装、包装等改变形态方法产生）；

2、空间效用（拓展市场边界产生）；

3、时间效用（库存战略产生）。1.1.4、分类：

1、按作用：供、销、产、回收、废弃；

2、按范围：地区、国内、国际；

3、按性质：社会（宏观流通领域）、行业（同行竞争协作）、企业（内部生产经营）。

1.2、物流学说与物流管理 1.2.1、物流观念

1、商务分流理论：商业流通和实物流通各独立运动。

2、黑大陆学说：著名的管理学权威P·E·德鲁克1956年曾经讲过：“流通是经

济领域里的黑大陆”，德鲁克泛指的是流通，但是，由于流通领

域中物流活动的模糊性尤其突出，是流通领域中最具潜力的领

域，所以，“黑大陆”说法现在转向主要针对物流而言。

3、物流冰山说：物流冰山说是日本早稻田大学西泽修教授提出来的，他潜心

研究物流成本时发现，现行的财务会计制度和会计核算方法都不

可能掌握物流费用的实际情况，因而人们对物流费用的了解是一

片空白，甚至有很大的虚假性，他把这种情况比做“物流冰山”。

冰山的特点是大部分沉在水面以下，是我们看不到的黑色区域，而我们看到的不过是它的一部分。

4、利润中心说：其含义是，物流可以为企业提供大量直接和间接的利润，是

形成企业经营利润的主要活动。非但如此，对国民经济而言，物

流也是国民经济中创利的主要活动。物流的这一作用，被表述为

“第三利润源”。“第三利润源”的说法主要出自日本。从经济

发展历程来看，能够大量提供利润的领域主要有两个：

第一个是资源领域，第二个是人力领域。

在这两个利润源潜力开拓越来越困难的情况下，物流领域的潜力被人们所重视，按时间序列排为“第三利润源”。

5、成本中心说：其含义是，物流在企业战略中，只对企业营销活动的成本发

生响，物流是企业成本的重要的产生点，因而，解决物流问题，主要是通过物流管理和物流的一系列活动降低成本。所以，成本

中心既是指主要成本的产生点，又是指降低成本的关注点，物流

是“降低成本的宝库””等说法正是这种认识的形象表述。

6、服务中心说：服务中心说代表了美国和欧洲等一些国家学者对物流的认识，他们认为，物流活动最大的作用，并不在于为企业节约了消耗，降低了成本或增加了利润，而是在于提高企业对用户的服务水平

进而提高了企业的竞争能力。因此，他们在使用描述物流的词汇

上选择了后勤一词，特别强调其服务保障的职能。通过物流的服

务保障，企业以其整体能力来压缩成本和增加利润。

7、效益背反说：在经济学中，“效益悖反”是指“对同一资源的两个方面处于

相互矛盾的关系之中，要想较多地达到其中一个方面的目的，必

然使另一个方面的目的受到部分损失。”

效益背反说是物流领域 中经常出现的普遍现象，是这一领

域中内部矛盾的反映和表现。以包装问题为例，包装方面每少

花一分钱，从表面上看这一分钱就必然转到收益上来，包装越省，利润则越高。但是，一旦商品进入流通之后，如果简省的包装降

低了产品的防护效果，造成了大量损失，就会造成储存、装卸、运输功能要素的工作劣化和效益大减。

8、战略学说：当前非常盛行的一种说法，实际上学术界和产业界越来越多的

人已逐渐认识到，物流更具有战略性，是企业发展的战略而不是

一项具体操作性任务。应该说这种看法把物流放在了很高的位

置，企业战略是什么呢？是生存和发展。物流会影响企业总体的生存和发展，而不是在哪个环节省下几个钱。

1.2.2、物流关系

1、物流与流通

1）流通内容：A、商流：批发、零售、网购........B、物流：运、保、装、包、加工、配送.......C、资金流：转账、支票、现金支付........D、信息流：收集、传输、分析、应用的.....2）商流与物流的关系：

物流是产生商流的物质基础，商流是实施物流的先导。

2、物流与生产

1）物流是生产系统的支柱

加工活动和物流以活动是生产系统的的两大支柱，无物流就无加

工，无加工就无生产，无生产就无满足社会需求的物流。

2）物流对生产系统的影响

A、物流为生产的连续性提供保障。

B、物流是企业的第三利润源泉。

C、物流状况对生产环境和秩序有着决定性影响。

3）生产力对物流的制约

生产力大小决定着物流量大小，生产力的发展决定着物流的发展。

3、物流与市场营销

物流是市场营销的一半，物流系统承担着存储、运输的基础职能，与

市场营销共同履行着满足用户需求的功能。从市场营销的4P理论看：

1）产品

产品的物理特性及工业包装、消费包装影响着物流系统对产品的移

动和存储。

2）价格

运量大小影响着运价，托运量和采购量应考虑与运输价格水平及运

输折扣批量相吻合。

3）促销

拉动式策略（通过广告）引起的需求不平衡要求物流系统具有应变

能力，推进式策略（通过合作）则较平衡稳定。

4）渠道

物流系统应满足客户交易渠道和配送渠道的决策。

1.2.3、物流管理的基础原理

1、概念：

物流管理（亦称“软技术”），是指对原材料、半成品和成品等物料在 企业内外流动的全过程所进行的计划、组织、实施、控制等活动。

现代物流管理的基本任务，就是对物料经包装、装卸、搬运、运输、储存、流通加工、直至物流信息等环节的全过程进行综合、系统的管理，以取得全面的经济效益。

2、目标：

以最低的成本向客户提供满意的物流服务。

3、范围：

1）物流战略管理

2）物流系统设计与运营管理

1.3、物流标准化

1.3.1、物流标准化的含义

1、物流标准化概念

定义：标准是对重复性事物和概念所做的统一规定，它以科学、技术和实

践经验的综合成果为基础，经有关方面协商一致，由主管机构批准，以特定的形式发布，作为共同遵守的准则和依据。（GB3935）

含义：1）物流标准化是一个制定、贯彻、修订标准的活动过程；

2）物流标准是物流标准化活动的产物；

3）物流标准化效果只在经过实施才能表现出来；

4）物流标准化是一个由单个标准构建标准系统并与系统配套的协

调、发展过程。

2、物流标准化系统的特点

1）涉及面广

2）属于后标准化系统

3）要体现科学、民主和经济性

4）国际性强

1.3.2、物流标准种类

1、基础标准：1）专业计量单位

2）物流基础模数尺寸

3）集装基础模数尺寸

4）物流建筑模数尺寸

5）物流专业术语标准

6）物流核算、统计标准

7）标志、图示识别标准

2、分系统技术标准

3、工作标准及作业规范

1.3.3、物流标准化的原则

1、市场导向

2、一致性与协调性

3、科学发展

4、推进企业创新

1.3.4、物流标准化的方法

1、物流标准化的形式

形式是内容的表现形态，物流标准化形式中运用较多的有：

简化

统一化

系列化

通用化

组合化

2、物流标准化的基础思路

1）基点：集装系统

2）集装与物流系统各环节的配合3、物流系统标准化的方法

1）确定物流基础模数尺寸：600mmX400mm(SO认定，是适合人体操作

的最高限尺寸）

2）物流模数：即集装箱基础模数尺寸（最小的集装尺寸），以物流基础模

数尺寸按倍数系列推导。

3）以分割及组合方法确定物流系列各环节的系列尺寸。

1.4、物流服务的特性与物流发展 1.4.1、物流服务对象

1、原材料生产企业

2、制造业

3、商业贸易企业

三、思考练习：

第2 课题

物流系统一、教学目的：

①了解物流系统的基本模式、目标；

②熟悉物流系统的要素；

③掌握物流系统的概念及特征。

二、教学内容：

2.1、物流系统概述

2.2、物流系统要素

2.3、物流系统分析

三、思考练习：

第 3课题

物流社会化与物流企业

一、教学目的：

①了解物流社会化与物流服务的特点及物流网络构成； ②掌握第三方物流功能特点； ③熟悉物流发展趋势。

二、教学内容：

3.1、物流社会化与物流服务

3.2、物流网络与物流结点

3.3、第三方物流

3.4、现代物流发展趋势

三、思考练习：

第4 课题

物流战略与组织

一、教学目的：

①了解企业物流战略的环境因素分析及目标； ②掌握企业物流战略的定义及主要的物流战略； ③熟悉主要的物流组织结构类型。

二、教学内容：

4.1、物流战略概述

4.2、物流组织结构

4.3、物流成本管理与绩效管理。

三、思考练习：

第5 课题

采购管理

一、教学目的：

①了解采购管理的概念与目标； ②掌握采购管理流程；

③熟悉各种采购管理方法的基本原理。

二、教学内容：

5.1、采购管理概述

5.2、采购管理流程

5.3、采购管理策略与方法

三、思考练习：

第 6课题

库存管理

一、教学目的：

①掌握库存与库存管理的概念、功能及目标； ②了解库存成本的分类及库存成本管理的方法； ③熟悉各种库存管理方法。

二、教学内容：

6.1、库存管理概述

6.2、库存成本管理

6.3、库存管理方法

三、思考练习：

第 7课题

生产运作物流与销售物流

一、教学目的：

①了解生产运作物流的含义、分类以及影响要素； ②了解销售物流服务要素的内涵。

二、教学内容：

7.1、生产运作物流

7.2、销售物流

三、思考练习：

第 8课题

装卸与搬运

一、教学目的：

①了解装卸搬运的内涵、特点及在物流系统中的地位和作用； ②了解装卸搬运作业内容及考虑因素；

③掌握集装箱装卸搬运的方式与合理化。

二、教学内容：

8.1、装卸搬运概述

8.2、装卸搬运的工作组织

8.3、装卸搬运设备的选择与应用

三、思考练习：

第 9课题

运输与配送管理

一、教学目的：

①了解运输、配送的概念、特点； ②掌握运输业务的操作程序； ③掌握配送的流程。

二、教学内容：

9.1、运输管理概述

9.2、运输管理实务

9.3、配送管理实务

三、思考练习：

第 10课题

物流信息系统管理

一、教学目的：

①了解物流信息的功能和特征； ②了解物流信息系统的基本特征；

③掌握物流信息系统的主要类型。

二、教学内容：

10.1、物流信息

10.2、物流信息系统

10.3、物流信息技术

三、思考练习：

第 11课题

国际物流

一、教学目的：

①理解国际物流与国际贸易的含义； ②了解国际物流系统；

③熟悉国际物流中心的作用与特点； ④掌握国际物流运输方式与运作方式。

二、教学内容：

11.1、国际物流概述

11.2、国际物流动作方式

11.3、国际物流中心

三、思考练习：

第 12课题

供应链物流管理

一、教学目的：

①了解供应链、供应链管理的基本概念与特征； ②了解供应链的类型及供应链管理的发展趋势； ③了解供应链管理与物流管理的联系与区别； ④掌握供应链管理下的物流环境及物流管理的特点； ⑤掌握供应链管理下的物流战略及供应链管理方法； ⑥掌握基于供应链的第三方物流管理内容及运作。

二、教学内容：

12.1、供应链与供应链管理概述 12.2、供应链的管理方法 12.3、供应链管理的发展

三、思考练习：

第五篇：物流管理质量教案

第一章 导论

第一节 现代物流与质量管理

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一、质量与质量管理

（一）、质量的定义

一组有特性满足要求的程度。它说明了质量是满足程度的一种描述，满足程度的高低反映质量的好坏。

（二）、质量的重要性

质量是国家振兴和社会经济可持续发展的战略因素。是企业竞争力的关键因素，是供需双赢的必要因素。

（三）、质量管理

1、质量管理的内容

质量管理是一门研究和揭示质量生产、形成和实现过程的客观规律的科学，它是以质量为研究对象的。微观层面上探讨质量管理主要是针对产品和服务。宏观层面上讨论企业的外部环境。主要是国民经济和社会整体对企业产品质量及工作质量的影响。

2、质量管理的发展

质量管理早在石器时代，人们就有了质量管理的意识，当时对石器进行简陋的检查，而有意识地、系统地、科学地实施质量管理是近代的事情，质量管理科学经历了3个阶段：

（1）质量检验阶段。这一阶段主要是通过严格检验来保证工序间和出厂的产品质量。是一种在产品制造出来后进行，属于被动管理，由于事后检验信息反馈不及时，损失很大。

（2）、统计质量管理阶段。统计质量管理阶段是质量管理发展史上的一个重要的阶段，这一阶段取得的成果为严格的科学管理和全面质量管理奠定了基础。

（3）、全面质量管理阶段。20世纪60年代提出，代表人物为费根堡姆（A.V.Feigenbaum）和朱兰（J.M.Juran）。

二、物流质量及物流质量管理

（一）、物流质量

物流质量是物流服务管理的核心，运作质量的好坏直接关系到物流整体的绩效，在传统的物流概念中，物流活动主要解决产、需在时间上的分离，从而创造出时间及场所的效用。产品数量往往被认为是补足产、需之间的差额的主要手段，从而忽视了质量在创造时间以及场所效用中的重要作用。

（二）、物流质量管理的内容

全面物流质量管理包括物流服务质量、物流工作质量、物流工程质量。

1、物流服务质量：物流质量最终通过物流服务质量体现出来企业物流活动有服务的本质特性，既要为企业生产经营过程服务，也要为企业产品和服务的客户提供全面的物流服务，甚至可以说整个物流的质量目标就是企业物流的服务质量。

物流服务质量内容主要包括：保护商品质量、改善商品质量、物流过程质量。

2、物流工作质量：物流工作质量指使物流企业内部对物流质量的控制。

3、物流工程质量：物流工程质量是指物流系统运作中，由人员、设备、材料、方法、测量器具和环境等所体现的物流服务质量水平，包括人员素质、体制因素、设备性能、工艺方法、计量与测试和环境等因素的稳定性。

（三）、物流质量管理控制的主要因素

好的物流质量，是在整个物流过程中形成的，要想能“事前控制”物流质量，预防物流造成的不良品，必须对影响物流质量的诸因素进行有效控制。主要有以下几点因素： 人的因素、体制的因素、设备的因素、工艺方法的因素、计量与测试因素、环境因素。

第二节 现代物流企业质量管理的特征

一、物流企业全面质量管理的概念

物流企业质量管理就是依据物系统运动的客观规律，为了满足物流顾客的服务需要，通过制定科学合理的基本标准，运用经济办法开展的策划、组织、计划、实施、检查、和监督、审核等所有管理活动的过程。

物流企业全面质量管理职能主要包括两方面：质量保证和质量控制。质量保证致力于提供质量要求会得到满足的信任。质量控制致力于满足质量要求。

二、物流企业质量管理的特征

（一）、系统性。质量是一个系统过程，它渗透在全企业的每一个环节。

（二）、全员性。质量被认为是物流企业里每个人的责任。涉及企业物流活动的相关环节、相关部门的相关人员共同努力，才能保证实现全面的质量管理。

（三）、目的性。质量应以满足客户需要而存在；不只是企业为了占领市场或提供生产效益的需要。

（四）、先进性。现代质量管理和改进，需求有新的技术手段，包括从质量设计到改进的计算机辅助手段。

（五）、广泛性。质量改进，必须有各阶层的人员参与，这些人员不仅包括本企业员工，也包括社会各阶层人士，没有他们的参加和帮助是不可能改进质量的。

（六）、全面性。影响物流企业质量的影响因素是综合、复杂、多变的，涉及方方面面。

第三节 现在物企业质量管理的原则

《ISO 9000:2000》版标准在总结质量管理实践经验的基础上，给出了质量管理最基本，最统一的一般规律，成为对组织进行管理和指导业绩改进的框架，这就是质量管理8项原则。

一、以客户为关注焦点

物流企业应当了解顾客当前和未来的需求，满足客户的需求并努力超越顾客，以客户为中心，做好营销工作。

二、领导作用

物流企业领导负责把企业的目的和方向统一起来，通过各种方式营造便于员工参与和实现企业目标的内部环境。提供员工参与物流质量管理的积极性、主动性和创造性。

三、全员参与

各级人员是物流企业经营管理之本，鼓励他们积极主动参与企业日常工作，企业的计划与决策制定过程要充分听取员工的意见并使其真正参与进来，充分挖掘他们的才干。

四、用过程的方法进行质量管理

物流企业通过把过程方法应用到物流运作和相关资源管理中去，以便能高效地实现物流质量管理目标。

五、管理的系统方法

对相互关联的物流运作过程进行有效的了解分析将有助于实现物流企业质量目标

六、持续改进

持续改进是组织永恒目标，企业与人一样有它自己的生命力，建立健全的质量管理体系可以保持组织的生命力。

七、基于事实的决策方法 利用信息技术对物流运作和物流服务过程中产生的实时信息进行分析处理，在此基础上进行企业决策。

八、互利的供方关系

物流企业与上下游企业是相互依存的，互利共赢的关系将提高双方创造价值和整条供应量的竞争能力。

第四节 现代物流企业质量管理的基本原理

一、现代物流企业质量管理的基本要求

（一）、现代物流企业质量管理的目标

1、物品的质量保证

2、物品的质量改善

3、物流的有效性

4、物流的经济性